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Pyrenomycetes of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. IV. Biscogniauxia, Camaropella, Camarops, Camillea, Peridoxylon and Whalleya
Abstract
Descriptions and keys are provided for ten species of fungi currently placed in the Boliniaceae (Camaropella, Camarops and Peridoxylori) or Xylariaceae (Biscogniauxia, Camillea and Whalleya), but which possess features morphologically similar to those found in the Diatrypaceae. All of these are now known from the Great Smoky Mountains National Park in the eastern United States. Biscogniauxia rumpens (Cooke) Lar.N. Vassiljeva, comb. nov. and Camaropella lutea (Alb. & Schwein.: Fr.) Lar.N. Vassiljeva, comb. nov. are proposed as new combinations.
... Furthermore, a large number of black stromata with the sexual reproductive organs (perithecia) are observed as a black carbonaceous layer on the stem surface (Franceschini and Luciano, 2009). In addition to Iran, charcoal canker disease of oak has been reported in various countries in Europe, New Zealand, North America, and Asia (Jurc and Ogris, 2006;Mirabolfathy et al., 2011;Vasilyeva et al., 2007). ...
Charcoal canker of oak, which has recently increased in southern Iran, could pose a serious threat to the entire forest ecosystem in the near future. In addition, it seems that climate change and its consequences, such as drought in the southern regions of Iran, have exacerbated this phenomenon. Consequently, the objective of this study was to identify the fungal pathogens that could cause charcoal canker disease in the oak forests of South Zagros. It was also sought to find associations between changes in the occurrence/exacerbation of charcoal canker disease under non and intense drought stress in non-inoculated or inoculated Quercus brantii seedlings. In total, 120 isolates were obtained from eight oak forests located in the Zagros Mountains of Southern Iran, Kohgiluyeh & Boyer-Ahmad and Fars provinces, which were classified as Biscogniauxia mediterranea based on morphological assessment. Subsequently, molecular assay confirmed the result by phylogenetic inference of internal transcribed spacer–rDNA regions, α-actin, and β-tubulin genes. The results of the pathogenicity test showed that the response of isolates of B. mediterranea (Iran-G1 and Iran-M70) was varied in different environments for the measured necrotic lesion length. In comparison with the control moisture treatments (non-stress), the necrotic lesion length in inoculated treatments increased under intense drought stress. In general, inoculated oak seedlings’ exposure to water-deficient stress by the pathogen of B. mediterranea could affect the spread/severity of the charcoal canker disease.
... was proposed by Rogers et al. (1997), and affiliated with Lopadostomataceae, Xylariales by Hyde et al. (2017). Whalleya anamorph (wet scolecosporous conidia) is similar to that of Lopadostoma turgidum (Pers.: Fr.) Traverso, which had been classified in Diatrypaceae (Wehmeyer, 1975;Vasilyeva, 1998;Vasilyeva et al., 2007). Maharachchikumbura et al. (2016) classified Whalleya into Xylariales incertae sedis based on both xylariaceous and lopadostomaceous morphological affinities. ...
... In their study, morphological differences among similar genera were discussed, and a key to the species of Biscogniauxia was provided. The morphological characteristics of Biscogniauxia are as follows: stromata widely effuse with separate ostioles at the surface; perithecia mostly in a layer, but sometimes polystichous; asci 8-spored, cylindrical, with or without an amyloid apical ring; ascospores uniseriate, rarely biseriate, ellipsoid, and brown, with or without germ slits (Ju et al. 1998;Vasilyeva et al. 2007). ...
In the process of studying the diversity of Xylariales in China, three species owning characteristics of Graphostromataceae were observed in China. Morphology of the described species with illustrations and their phylogeny based on regions of internal transcribed spacers (ITS), the second-largest subunit of the RNA polymerase II (RPB2), β-tubulin (TUB2) and α-actin (ACT) are provided. Two new species and one new record from China are identified. Morphologically, Biscogniauxia glaucae sp. nov. differs from B. atropunctata var. maritima, B. citriformis var. macrospora, B. fuscella and B. mediterranea by its stromata with raised margins, clear outlines, punctate ostioles openings and ascospores which are equilateral with broadly rounded ends, a straight spore-length germ slit on the more concave side, lacking appendages and sheathes. Graphostroma guizhouensis is identified as a new species based on the multi-gene phylogenetic tree. Camillea broomeana with scanning electron microscope description of ascospores is illustrated as a new record from China. Cryptostroma is proposed in Graphostromataceae based on molecular data. Vivantia is accepted in Graphostromataceae based on its morphological characteristics and Nodulisporiurn anamorphs which are similar to those of Biscogniauxia.
... Furthermore, a large number of black stromata with the sexual reproductive organs (perithecia) are observed as a black carbonaceous layer on the stem surface (Franceschini and Luciano, 2009). In addition to Iran, charcoal canker disease of oak has been reported in various countries in Europe, New Zealand, North America, and Asia (Jurc and Ogris, 2006;Mirabolfathy et al., 2011;Vasilyeva et al., 2007). ...
... under Camarops tubulina (see notes for Camarops). Thus, Bolinia was subsequently accepted as a synonym for Camarops, and its members were assigned to Camaropella and Camarops (Shear 1938;Nannfeldt 1972;Vasilyeva et al. 2007). Rehm (1904) and Theissen (1909) proposed C. tubulina is a synonym of C. hypoxyloides, but Miller (1930) thought that the correct samples were not examined. ...
Sordariomycetes is an earlier and one of the widely distributed class of Ascomycota. The class was initially classified based on morphology in having inoperculate and unitunicate asci. With the development of DNA based phylogenetic analysis, several undetermined or polyphyletic members of Sordariomycetes were reclassified. However, not all species belonging to this class have been sequenced and analyzed. There are a number of species, especially those old and poorly studied ones which have never been sequenced before and not even recollected again for further taxonomic verification. One of the main objective in this study is to revise and update the taxonomy of several well-known old and poorly studied species whose classification are still obscure. Herein, we re-examined the type materials and/or authentic specimens together to explore 74 relatively poorly-studied genera, which mainly belong to Boliniales, Calosphaeriales, Chaetosphaeriales, Jobellisiales, and Sordariales classified under Diaporthomycetidae and Sordariomycetidae. We provide descriptions, notes, figures and/or drawings and discussed their phylogenetic relationships. As a result, the monotypic Jobellisiales is transferred from Hypocreomycetidae to Diaporthomycetidae. Based on phylogenetic analysis, the polyphyletic Lasiosphaeriaceae is divided into five families, Bombardiaceae ( Apodospora , Bombardia , Bombardioidea and Fimetariella ), Lasiosphaeriaceae ( Anopodium , Bellojisia , Corylomyces , Lasiosphaeria , Mammaria and Zopfiella ), Lasiosphaeridaceae ( Lasiosphaeris ), Strattoniaceae ( Strattonia ) and Zygospermellaceae ( Episternus and Zygospermella ). In addition, a new family Neoschizotheciaceae is established based on Neoschizothecium . Analysis of the type species of Boothiella , Stellatospora , Sulcatistroma and Tengiomyces placed them in Sordariaceae, Chaetomiaceae, Hypocreales and Coronophorales, respectively. We classify the genera lacking molecular data based on their morphology and expect them to be recollected; that is, Kacosphaeria in Calosphaeriales; Arnium , Biconiosporella , Camptosphaeria , Diffractella , Emblemospora , Eosphaeria , Periamphispora , Ramophialophora , Synaptospora and Tripterosporella in Sordariales; Conidiotheca in Sordariomycetes; Copromyces , Effetia , Endophragmiella and Tulipispora are accommodated in Ascomycota. Besides, we establish a new genus Neoschizothecium based on phylogenetic analysis. New combinations proposed include: Camaropella amorpha , Cam . microspora , Cam . plana , Cladorrhinum grandiusculum , Cla . leucotrichum , Cla . terricola , Cla . olerum , Helminthosphaeria plumbea , Immersiella hirta , Jugulospora minor , Lasiosphaeris arenicola , Neoschizothecium aloides , Neo . carpinicola , Neo . conicum , Neo . curvisporum , Neo . fimbriatum , Neo . glutinans , Neo . inaequale , Neo . minicaudum , Neo . selenosporum , Neo . tetrasporum , Neurospora autosteira , Podospora brunnescens , P . flexuosa , P . jamaicensis , P . hamata , P . macrospora , P . spinosa , Strattonia petrogale and Triangularia microsclerotigena , T . nannopodalis , T . praecox , T . samala , T . tarvisina , T . unicaudata , T . yaeyamensis . New epithets are proposed for Apiorhynchostoma apiosporum and Podospora dacryoidea .
... In their study, morphological differences between similar genera were discussed, and a key to the species of Biscogniauxia was provided. The morphological characteristics of Biscogniauxia are as follows: stromata widely effuse with separate ostioles at the surface; perithecia mostly in a layer, but sometimes polystichous; asci 8-spored, cylindrical, with or without an amyloid apical ring; ascospores uniseriate, rarely biseriate, ellipsoid, and brown, with or without germ slits (Ju et al. 1998; Vasilyeva et al. 2007). ...
Three species possessing characteristics of Graphostromataceae were observed in China. Morphology of the described species with illustrations and their phylogeny based on regions of internal transcribed spacers (ITS), the second largest subunit of the RNA polymerase II ( RPB2 ), β-tubulin ( TUB2 ) and α-actin ( ACT ) are provided. Two new species and one new record from China were identified. Morphologically, Biscogniauxia glaucae sp. nov. differs from B. atropunctata var. maritima , B. citriformis var. macrospora, B. fuscella and B. mediterranea by its stromata with raised margins, with clear outlines, with punctate ostioles openings and ascospores which are equilateral with broadly rounded ends, with a straight germ slit on the more concave side, nearly full spore length, lacking appendages and sheathes. ITS sequence difference between Graphostroma guizhouensis sp. nov and type strain of G. platystomum is 7%, which support identifying it as a new species. Camillea broomeana with scanning electron microscope description of ascospores was illustrated as a new record from China. Cryptostroma was proposed in Graphostromataceae based on molecular data. Vivantia was accepted in Graphostromataceae based on its morphological characteristics and Nodulisporiurn anamorphs which is similar with that of Biscogniauxia .
... Distribución: Estados Unidos de América (Vasilyeva et al., 2007), Tailandia (Vasilyeva et al., 2012), Brasil (Cruz y Cortez, 2015), Argentina (Sir et al., 2016), para México se ha registrado en Jalisco, Oaxaca, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas, Quintana Roo y Yucatán (Reyes et al., 2020). ...
Antecedentes y Objetivos:
Los manglares proporcionan beneficios ecológicos y económicos. Además, albergan una alta diversidad de organismos dentro de los cuales están los hongos, que por su versatilidad proliferan tanto en restos vegetales como en la vegetación viviente en estos ecosistemas. No obstante su importancia, el conocimiento micológico en los manglares mexicanos es aún escaso. El objetivo central del presente trabajo es aportar información sobre la riqueza fúngica asociada a Rhizophora mangle, una de las especies arbóreas dominantes en los manglares del Caribe Mexicano.
Métodos:
Durante el año 2019 se recolectaron ejemplares fúngicos desarrollándose en ramas vivas y muertas, troncos caídos, raíces y hojarasca. Las colectas se efectuaron en manchones con poblaciones de R. mangle en la Reserva de la Biosfera Isla de Cozumel. La determinación taxonómica se llevó a cabo de acuerdo con las técnicas tradicionales en micología. Los ejemplares están depositados en el herbario de la Universidad Veracruzana (XALU) y en la colección de hongos de la Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB).
Resultados clave:
Se determinaron 20 especies de hongos sobre diferentes estructuras de R. mangle. Se presentan 19 nuevos registros para la Isla de Cozumel, mientras que Arthonia conferta, Halorosellinia oceanica, Phyllosticta capitalensis, Pseudocamarosporium propinquum y Chaetosphaerella fusca son nuevos registros para México. La clase Arthoniomycetes presentó la mayor riqueza taxonómica. Los sustratos con mayor riqueza y abundancia fueron las cortezas de ramas.
Conclusiones:
La comunidad de hongos asociados a R. mangle está dominada por ascomicetos. Los hábitos mejor representados son saprobios lignícolas y liquenizados epífitos.
... Camarops petersii appears to be widely distributed in North America, where it has been frequently reported from broadleaf forests of the Appalachians and Central Lowlands west to Kansas and as far north as Vermont and Wisconsin (Ellis & Everhart 1888, Shear 1923, Heagle & French 1972, Nannfeldt 1972, Fergus 1973, Horn 1984, Vasilyeva & al. 2007). Moreover, 77 of 112 occurrences of this species in the GBIF portal are from North America (GBIF 2019). ...
The stromatic ascomycete Camarops petersii was recorded for the first time in Eastern Europe. It was found growing on Quercus robur wood, on a fallen trunk of a lightning stuck tree in Bryansk Oblast, next to the western border of Russia. The morphological description, data on the distribution and habitat are provided. The modern distribution of C. petersii is confined mostly to the refugia of tertiary relict floras. All known European populations of Camarops petersii (including our own) are from north of the Alps, possibly established relatively recently due to post-glacial colonization of the broadleaf forests. Future C. petersii populations may be found in the Mediterranean area and the Caucasus.
plant-associated Italian Ascomycota
Sordariomycetes is an earlier-introduced and one of the widely distributed class of Ascomycota. The class was initially classified based on morphology in having inoperculate and unitunicate asci. With the development of DNA based phylogenetic analysis, several undetermined or polyphyletic members of Sordariomycetes were reclassified. However, not all species belonging to this class have been sequenced and analyzed. There are a number of species, especially those old and poorly studied ones which have never been sequenced before and not even recollected again for further taxonomic verification. One of the main objective in this study is to revise and update the taxonomy of several well-known early and poorly studied species whose classification are still obscure. Herein, we re-examined the type materials and/or authentic specimens together to explore 74 relatively poorly-studied genera, which mainly belong to Boliniales, Calosphaeriales, Chaetosphaeriales, Jobellisiales, and Sordariales classified under Diaporthomycetidae and Sordariomycetidae. We provide descriptions, notes, figures and/or drawings and discussed their phylogenetic relationships. As a result, the monotypic Jobellisiales is transferred from Hypocreomycetidae to Diaporthomycetidae. Based on phylogenetic analysis, the polyphyletic Lasiosphaeriaceae is divided into five families, Bombardiaceae (Apodospora, Bombardia, Bombardioidea, Fimetariella and Ramophialophora), Lasiosphaeriaceae (Anopodium, Bellojisia, Corylomyces, Lasiosphaeria, Mammaria and Zopfiella), Lasiosphaeridaceae (Lasiosphaeris), Strattoniaceae (Strattonia) and Zygospermellaceae (Episternus and Zygospermella). In addition, a new family Neoschizotheciaceae is established based on Neoschizothecium. Analysis of the type species of Boothiella, Stellatospora, Sulcatistroma and Tengiomyces placed them in Sordariaceae, Chaetomiaceae, Hypocreales and Coronophorales, respectively. We classify the genera lacking molecular data based on their morphology and expect them to be recollected; that is, Kacosphaeria in Calosphaeriales; Arnium, Biconiosporella, Camptosphaeria, Diffractella, Emblemospora, Eosphaeria, Periamphispora, Synaptospora and Tripterosporella in Sordariales; Conidiotheca in Sordariomycetes; Copromyces, Effetia, Endophragmiella and Tulipispora are accommodated in Ascomycota. Besides, we establish a new genus Neoschizothecium based on phylogenetic analysis. New combinations proposed: Camaropella amorpha, Cam. microspora, Cam. plana, Cladorrhinum grandiusculum, Cla. leucotrichum, Cla. terricola, Cla. olerum, Helminthosphaeria plumbea, Immersiella hirta, Jugulospora minor, Lasiosphaeris arenicola, Neoschizothecium aloides, Neo. carpinicola, Neo. conicum, Neo. curvisporum, Neo. fimbriatum, Neo. glutinans, Neo. inaequale, Neo. minicaudum, Neo. selenosporum, Neo. tetrasporum, Neurospora autosteira, Podospora brunnescens, P. flexuosa, P. jamaicensis, P. hamata, P. macrospora, P. spinosa, Strattonia petrogale and Triangularia microsclerotigena, T. nannopodalis, T. praecox, T. samala, T. tarvisina, T. unicaudata, T. yaeyamensis. New epithets are proposed for Apiorhynchostoma apiosporum and Podospora dacryoidea.
Ten species of Diatrype are reported from the Great Smoky Mountains National Park in the eastern United States. Nine of these are new records for the Park and two (D. atlantica and D. montana) are described as new species. Descriptions and a key to all of the species of Diatrype now known from the Park are provided.
Jumillera and Whalleya are new genera to encompass taxa removed from Biscogniauxia on anamorphic and structural features. Taxa of Jumillera that have been cultured feature Libertella-like anamorphs and, in several cases, Geniculosporium synanamorphs. Jumillera mexicana and J. albida are described as new; the former is the type species for the genus. Jumillera cinerea, J. hypophlaea, J. punctatobrunnea, and J. viridis represent new combinations. Whalleya differs from Biscogniauxia and Jumillera in having soft whitish tissue between perithecia and in having dry scolecosporous conidia. The new combinations, W. microplaca and W. maculata, are proposed, the former designated as the type of the genus.
Four species of Camarops growing on Podocarpus parlatorei were collected in Argentina. Two of them, C. sacciformis and C. podocarpi, are undescribed species and the other two (C.pugillus and C.lutea) are new records for Argentina. A dichotomous key to the six species so far known from Argentina is provided.
Forty-nine taxa are recognized in Biscogniauxia. Six species - B. africana, B. arima, B. communapertura, B. plumbea, B. reticulospora, and B. zelandica - and three varieties - B. atropunctata var. intermedia, B. capnodes var. limoniispora, and B. philippinensis var. microspora - are newly described. Eleven new combinations are made: B. albosticta; B. atropunctata var. maritima; B. capnodes; B. capnodes var. rumpens; B. capnodes var. theissenii; B. kalchbrenneri; B. mediterranea var. macrospora; B. mediterranea var. microspora; B. plana; B. sinuosa; and B. uniapiculata var. indica. Biscogniauxia schweinitzii is introduced as a substitute for B. macula. A dichotomous key is provided along with a list of diagnostic characteristics of certain taxa. A list of known names of Biscogniauxia and its synonyms is included.
The history of the genus is reviewed. The name Nummularia Tul., with Sphaeria discincola Schw. as the type species, is tentatively adopted. Nummularia Tul. emended J. H. Miller differs from Hypoxylon and other allied genera in having a cupulate stroma with a thick basal tissue consisting of decomposed wood mixed with hyphae under the perithecia. Of 147 described species, J. H. Miller recognized only 11 species in the genus, of which three known from North America and a new species are the subject of this investigation. Nummularia broomeiana, N. discincola, N. repanda and N. signata are described in detail and illustrated. A key to these species is presented. Nummularia signata Jong & Benjamin is described for the first time. It is basically similar to N. broomeiana; both are the only xylariaceous fungi known to produce echinulate ascospores without germ slits.