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Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach.
Abstract
In this article, we provide guidance for substantive researchers on the use of structural equation modeling in practice for theory testing and development. We present a comprehensive, two-step modeling approach that employs a series of nested models and sequential chi-square difference tests. We discuss the comparative advantages of this approach over a one-step approach. Considerations in specification, assessment of fit, and respecification of measurement models using confirmatory factor analysis are reviewed. As background to the two-step approach, the distinction between exploratory and confirmatory analysis, the distinction between complementary approaches for theory testing versus predictive application, and some developments in estimation methods also are discussed.
... To evaluate the theoretical model presented in Figure 1, the study first established the psychometric properties of the scales used to measure the three latent constructs (TLB, OCB, and OP). To accomplish this, several tests were conducted to establish the reliability, inter-item and inter-scale correlations, confirmatory factor analysis (Anderson and Gerbing 1988), and convergent validity. Multiple fit criteria were employed for the confirmatory factor analysis to assess the appropriateness of the measurement models tested (Bollen and Long 1993;Hair et al. 1995). ...
... To evaluate convergent validity, the researchers reviewed the significance level of the factor loadings. If each item's factor loadings are significant, the indicators effectively measure the same construct (Anderson and Gerbing, 1988), indicating a unidimensional scale. Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFAs) indicated that each of the three constructs demonstrated a good fit, with TLB Leader: χ 2 = 0.99, p = 0.61, df = 2, RMSEA = 0.00, RMSR = 0.001, CFI = 1.00, ...
The study utilizes a direct-indirect effects model to examine the connections among Transformational Leadership Behaviors (TLB), Organizational Citizenship Behaviors (OCB), and Organizational Performance (OP) within the public sector. TLB data were collected from leaders and followers, allowing for comparison between leader-perception and follower-perception models. A survey methodology involved 1,364 participants from U.S. county government executives and followers, analyzed using structural equation modeling. It aims to bridge gaps in the literature by integrating TLB, OCB, and organizational-level performance into one model, providing nuanced insights into their interactions. Findings support TLB’s positive impact on OCB and OP and OCB’s positive influence on OP. Differences in leader and follower perceptions highlight the need for comprehensive evaluation. The study addresses the limitations of prior research by considering both leader and follower perspectives, contributing to understanding leadership’s role in organizational performance. Practically, it suggests strategies for enhancing performance through TLB fostering, OCB encouragement, and creating supportive work environments. Its originality lies in its holistic examination of TLB, OCB, and OP, offering valuable insights into the public sector and organizational practices.
... Además, se midió la validez discriminante del modelo teórico de RA, EI y DS mediante dos pruebas, las cuales se presentan en la Tabla 3. En primer lugar, se presenta la prueba del intervalo de confianza. (Anderson y Gerbing, 1988), que establece que con un intervalo de confianza del 95 %, ninguno de ...
... Para responder a las dos hipótesis planteadas en este estudio empírico, se aplicó un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales (MEE) con el apoyo del software EQS 6.2 (Bentler, 2005;Byrne, 2006;Brown, 2006), analizando la validez nomológica del modelo teórico de RA, EI y DS a través de la prueba Chi-cuadrada, mediante la cual se compararon los resultados obtenidos entre el modelo teórico y el modelo de medición, obteniendo resultados no significativos que permiten establecer una explicación de las relaciones observadas entre los constructos (Anderson y Gerbing, 1988). La Tabla 4 muestra los resultados obtenidos de la aplicación del MEE. ...
Manuscrito recibido el 7 de junio de 2023. Aceptado, tras revisión, el 7 de noviembre de 2023. Publicado el 1 de marzo de 2024. Resumen En la literatura se ha aportado evidencia que establece que el cumplimiento de las regulaciones medioambientales propicia la adopción e implementación de actividades de eco-innovación en las empresas manufactureras, ya que a través de este tipo de actividades no sólo se reducen los costos asociados a las descargas de contaminantes, sino también se incrementa el nivel del rendimiento sustentable de las empresas. Sin embargo, poco se sabe de la relación existente entre las regulaciones medioambientales, la eco-innovación y el rendimiento sustentable, ya que son pocos los estudios publicados en la literatura que se han orientado en su análisis, por lo cual este estudio tiene como obje-tivo llenar este vacío existente, y generar nuevo conocimiento de la relación entre estos tres constructos a través de una extensa revisión de la literatura. Asimismo, se distribuyó un cuestionario a una muestra de 460 empresas manu-factureras de México, analizando los datos mediante el análisis factorial confirmatorio y los modelos de ecuaciones estructurales basados en la covarianza. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que las regulaciones medioambientales tie-nen efectos positivos en la eco-innovación, y la eco-innovación tiene efectos positivos en el rendimiento sustentable de las empresas manufactureras de la industria automotriz. Bajo este contexto, los resultados obtenidos permitieron concluir que el cumplimiento de las regulaciones medioambientales establecidas por la administración pública, por parte de las empresas manufactureras de la industria automotriz, mejoran tanto las actividades de eco-innovación como el rendimiento sustentable de las organizaciones. Palabras clave: Medioambiente, regulación, regulación medioambiental, innovación, eco-innovación, rendimiento sustentable, empresas manufactureras, industria automotriz. 78 LA GRANJA: Revista de Ciencias de la Vida 39(1) 2024:78-91.
... Furthermore, we requested assistance from the directorates of student affairs at the respective institutions in determining the target participants. We accompanied the recommendations offered by different scholars, such as those who recommended: "every item must be represented employing five samples," that "samples of three hundred shall be regarded as appropriate," who suggested that "the size of it ought to be twenty times bigger than the expected factors," and who suggested that "N = 100-150" is adequate for conducting SEM (Anderson and Gerbing, 1988). Based on these scholars' suggestions and the usual response percentage, we selected a sample size of 467 out of 355 that were found legitimate (response percentage of 76%). ...
... We used Analysis of moment structures 25.0 to asses study hypotheses utilizing structural equation modeling (Shaffer et al., 2016). We used the two-step SEM technique Anderson and Gerbing (1988) recommended, beginning with CFA, to guarantee model adequacy. After that, an ultimate theoretical model was evaluated to evaluate the connections among every variable. ...
The COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the complex response techniques employed to halt its spread, are both detrimental to mental and emotional well-being. Students’ lives have been damaged by social alienation and self-isolation. These effects must be detected, analyzed, and dealt with to make sure the well-being of individuals, specifically students. This research examines the impact of parent–child relationships, parental autonomy support, and social support on enhancing students’ mental well-being using data collected from post-COVID-19. The Potential participants were students from several universities in Pakistan. For this reason, we chose Pakistan’s Punjab province, with 8 prominent institutions, as the primary focus for data collection. A questionnaire was created to gather information from 355 students. For descriptive statistics, SPSS was used, while AMOS structural equation modeling was used to test hypotheses. The findings revealed that social support on mental well-being (standardized β = 0.43, t = 7.57, p < 0.01) and parental autonomy support was significant and positively related to mental well-being (standardized β = 0.31, t = 5.016, p < 0.01), and predicted parent–child relationships. Furthermore, the parent–child relationship strongly mediated the association between social support, parental autonomy support, and students’ mental well-being. This research proposes that good social support and parental autonomy support improve parent–children relationships and contribute to students’ mental well-being.
... To determine the convergent validity, CFA was used (Anderson and Gerbing, 1988 Table 3, where each item's standardized loads have been determined to be bigger than 0.5 and significant. The appropriate levels of χ2/DF and other fit indices have been discovered (Civelek, 2018). ...
This study aims to determine whether e-commerce marketing capability impacts firm performance and what role logistics 4.0 plays in this relationship. Based on the literature and grounded on dynamic capability theory we develop a theoretical framework in which logistics 4.0 capability plays a mediating role in the relationship between e-commerce marketing and firm performance. Our hypotheses are tested using survey data from 553 respondents working in the logistics, textiles, white goods, and electronics sectors. The data is analyzed using structural equation modeling. Empirical results show that e-commerce marketing positively impacts firm performance and logistics 4.0 capability is mediating in this relationship. Logistics 4.0 capability enhances firm performance by improving on-time deliveries and increasing the efficiency of supply chain processes. Our results highlight the importance of investing in Logistics 4.0 capability including talent, managerial, and technical resources to improve the benefits the firm is getting from e-commerce marketing. Logistics 4.0's capability enhances e-commerce marketing's impact on firm performance by increasing on-time deliveries, efficiency, flexibility, quality, and responsiveness to customers, and improving the ability to build enterprise agility. This study contributes to firm performance literature by identifying the mediating role Logistics 4.0 plays in the relationship between e-commerce marketing and performance.
... Significant correlations between items and factors were determined by loadings exceeding 0.4, leading to the identification of 12 items categorized into three primary domains (Assessment of Western values, Adoption of Western values, and Perceived Challenges of Western values), explaining 73% of the observed variation. Subsequently, structural equation modeling (SEM), following 15 approach, was applied to thoroughly examine the measurement and structural models, ensuring questionnaire validity and reliability. CFA initially developed the measurement model, followed by SEM to scrutinize causal links across constructs and test the structural model. ...
This study delved into the dynamics of perceived challenges, adoption, and assessment of Western values of democracy and human rights among university students in Palestine, particularly in the aftermath of the 2023 War on Gaza. A mixed-methods strategy was used in the research, with a participant pool of 384 students representing a range of demographics. By exploring the impact of geopolitical events, the results revealed a positive link between perceived challenges and the assessment of Western values. Although there is a notable gender and geographic difference in the assessment and adoption of Western values, females and those living in cities and villages are shown to have greater perceived challenges with these values. The qualitative component, including interviews with 12 students, provided valuable insights into the postwar evolution of Palestinian perspectives, highlighting a notable shift in attitudes, initially characterized by belief in the superiority of Western values, followed by a decline in faith during the war. This decline is attributed to traumatic events, biased media narratives, and the contradiction between idealized standards and harsh realities. In conclusion, the study emphasizes the need for a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted influences on Palestinian perceptions of Western values.
... All the calculations for the hypothesized model were performed with the support of SPSS v27 and AMOS v26 through a two-step analytic approach (Anderson and Gerbing, 1988). More instrumentally, the instrument substantiation was carried out through assessing the construct validity and reliability by means of Cronbach's alpha, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with the support of SPSS v27, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with the support of AMOS v26. ...
This article sets its sight to allot an intelligible picture of how to optimize accounting information system (AIS) in public sector organization (PSO) for sustainable risk management (SRM) under the big data analytics (BDA) and offers in-depth understandings concerning to the role of forensic accountants’ skill (FAS) on these aforementioned interconnections. The structural equation modeling (SEM) and multi-group SEM were wielded to testify the hypothesized model rested on cross-sectional data formulated by a closed-ended questionnaire survey distributed to convenience and snowball sample of 683 respondents in PSOs. All the proffered hypotheses in the theoretical model were authenticated by the soundly statistical evidences. The observations of the current study also generated the numerous practical implications for the practitioners in organizational management and policymakers in building up the strategies and promulgating rules in relation to digital initiatives adoption, accounting practices and risk management toward sustainable development within PSOs.
In the study, we aimed to evaluate the Turkish adaptation of the leisure motivation scale (LMS-A) for adolescents participating in recreational physical activities. We collected data from 331 people determined by the convenience sampling method, and conducted its Turkish adaptation with three different test phases after we performed Turkish language co-validation of the scale. Firstly, we determined the univariate and multivariate normality levels of the data. In the second stage we used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to assess the contextuality of the scale and in the third stage we utilized two types of construct validity, convergent and discriminant to evaluate the validity of the scale. The results revealed that the original structure of the scale fits well in the correlated factors model and best fit the data collected from the Turkish population. These results suggest that the leisure motivation scale could be a valid and reliable measurement tool for adolescents participating in recreational physical activities in Türkiye.
The new approach in positive psychology is growing rich with the acceptance of life in all aspects and with views on the optimal use of human potential; it is being shaped by a new perspective that can be accepted as a full explanation of not only positive emotion but also of sources and motives of positive emotion, and respect for human. One of the predictors of positive emotion is personality traits. Within this scope, this research aimed at exploring the relationship between personality and eudaimonic well-being. A total of 316 undergraduates participated in the study. The data were collected online through the Questionnaire for Eudaimonic Well-Being and The Big Five Inventory. The findings showed that stability involving agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism significantly affected undergraduates’ eudaimonic well-being. However, plasticity involving extraversion and openness had no significant effect.
Introducción: la capacidad para comprender el texto escrito resulta de suma importancia para el progreso educativo en la secundaria, dado que la mayor parte del contenido académico se presenta en este formato, tanto en versiones impresas como digitales. Enfoques teóricos y estudios empíricos recientes en psicología y neurociencia han dirigido su interés hacia modelos explicativos de la comprensión lectora que incluyen elementos motivacionales, neuropsicológicos y metacognitivos. Objetivo: analizar mediante ecuaciones estructurales los efectos multivariados de factores motivacionales, neuropsicológicos y metacognitivos sobre la comprensión lectora en un grupo de adolescentes estudiantes de bachillerato con dificultades de la lectura. Métodos: se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, observacional, de corte transversal con una muestra de 200 estudiantes con edades entre los 11 y los 18. Medidas utilizadas: Escala de Motivación Académica y Estilos Atribucionales, Inventario de Conciencia Metacognitiva de Estrategias de Lectura, Subprueba de Retención de Dígitos en Regresión, Test de Atención d2, y Test de Comprensión Lectora Inferencial. Resultados: solo la memoria de trabajo mostró un efecto directo estadísticamente significativo sobre la comprensión lectora. Aunque la motivación académica, la atención selectiva y la metacognición no tuvieron efectos estadísticamente significativos obre la comprensión lectora sí se presentaron efectos estadísticamente significativos entre sí. Conclusiones: aunque solo la memoria de trabajo tuvo un efecto sobre la comprensión lectora, pudo revelarse un circuito en el que están asociadas otras variables motivacionales, cognitivas y metacognitivas.
Objective: The overarching objective of this study is to identify the salient factors within social networks, specifically Facebook, TikTok, Instagram, and YouTube, and their impact on tourists' decision-making processes in selecting Ho Chi Minh City as a destination. Subsequently, we offer managerial recommendations aimed at aiding tourism enterprises in Vietnam to enhance their understanding of the social network components that positively influence tourists' choices to visit. Furthermore, we suggest potential avenues for performance enhancement to optimize advertising effectiveness across social media platforms, including Facebook, TikTok, Instagram, and YouTube. Theoretical Framework: To date, numerous international research endeavors have scrutinized the determinants within social networks that shape tourists' intentions and decision-making processes regarding travel destination selection. However, within the Vietnamese context, scholarly investigations have predominantly centered on factors such as pricing, destination imagery, quality, and allure, while neglecting to explore the influence of social network factors on tourists' decisions regarding destination selection in Ho Chi Minh City. Consequently, the thematic focus on "Factors of Social Networks Influencing Tourists' Destination Selection Decisions in Ho Chi Minh City" represents an evolutionary progression from antecedent research studies, albeit purposefully tailored and refined by the researcher to align with their specific research aims. Method: The quantitative data gathered aimed to systematically examine and comprehend tourists' behaviors in their decision-making processes regarding destination selections facilitated by social media platforms. Employing an online survey hosted on Google Forms facilitated the data collection endeavor. The survey instrument featured a Likert scale spanning from 1 to 5, encompassing response categories delineated as follows: (1) Strongly Disagree, (2) Disagree, (3) Neutral, (4) Agree, and (5) Strongly Agree. Results and Discussion: Following the regression model analysis conducted on a dataset comprising 307 survey samples, the researcher observed the rejection of one initial research hypothesis, denoted as H1, while five subsequent hypotheses, namely H2, H3, H4, H5, and H6, were accepted. This determination was made based on the statistical significance values (Sig.) obtained from the t-test results presented in Table 4.19. Notably, factors with Sig. > 0.05 were deemed lacking in statistical significance, indicating a negligible influence on the dependent variable. Specifically, hypothesis H1, which pertained to the subjective norm factor, was rejected due to its Sig. value exceeding 0.05 (Sig. = 0.651). Conversely, the five accepted hypotheses (H2, H3, H4, H5) all demonstrated Sig. values below 0.05 (Sig. = 0.000). In summary, the study effectively achieves its predetermined objectives by identifying and analyzing five social media factors influencing tourists' destination selection decisions in Ho Chi Minh City. Additionally, the research assesses the magnitude of their impact and examines disparities in research outcomes across different customer segments in Ho Chi Minh City concerning travel destination decisions. Based on these findings, the researcher proposes managerial implications to support tourism businesses in Vietnam intending to utilize social media platforms for advertising. These implications aim to furnish essential insights for selecting and prioritizing key factors when designing advertising campaigns on social media, thereby enhancing brand effectiveness.
In the dynamic and highly competitive landscape of the Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) industry, a multitude of companies are in a constant race, each one striving to outdo the others. This paper aims to delve deeper into the role of brands within this context. It seeks to explore and understand the significance of brands and how they can be leveraged to succeed in the FMCG sector. An extensive examination of the prevailing studies regarding this topic unveils a distinct void in research, especially regarding the notion of brand resonance. Despite its importance, there seems to be a lack of comprehensive research on this topic. It seeks to understand what elements play a crucial role in creating brand resonance and how it, in turn, impacts consumer purchasing decisions. To achieve this, the study employs a quantitative research approach. Data was collected through structured questionnaires, designed to gather relevant information from the respondents. The collected data was then analyzed using robust statistical tools. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) served to validate the measurement model, while Multiple Regression Analysis was utilized to grasp the connections among the variables. The findings of the study suggest a favourable correlation between brand resonance and intentions to purchase. These findings offer valuable insights for marketers operating in the FMCG sector. Understanding the factors that contribute to brand resonance can help them devise effective branding strategies, ultimately leading to increased sales and market share. Moreover, the study proposes potential paths for future investigation in this domain, thereby enriching the current understanding of the subject matter.
In this current study, our main goal is to explore the connections between wealth career management, job competency, and satisfaction with career success. Moreover, it seeks to explore the intermediary mechanisms through which wealth career management affects employees' level of contentment with their professional trajectories. Employing the analytical tool of structural equation modelling (SEM), the study has yielded noteworthy insights. SEM analysis findings underscore the pivotal role of job competency as a mediator. In essence, job competency serves as an explanatory link, shedding light on how different facets of wealth career management - namely, career development, superior work performance, intention to stay and performance management- influence an individual's career success satisfaction. This suggests that the way in which employees perceive their own competence within their careers significantly influences how the different aspects of wealth career management affect their satisfaction with career success.
Purpose
To generate the measurement instrument seven steps were implemented. A total of 819 questionnaires were collected in Yunnan Province, China, where it has long tradition of eating insects.
Design/methodology/approach
This study aims to explore the influences of the multidimensional benefits of consuming insect-based food on its consequences. Food neophilia and hedonic motivation are used as moderating variables.
Findings
Health, nutritional value, taste and cultural domains effectively explained consumers’ attitudes toward insect-based food, food consumption value, satisfaction, subjective well-being, loyalty to the restaurant and community attachment. Food neophilia and hedonic motivation partially moderated the relationships between the proposed constructs.
Research limitations/implications
This study provides a conceptual model for exploring insect-based food consumption experiences and offers a useful guideline for developing and designing marketing strategies for stakeholders in the food and restaurant industry.
Originality/value
This is one of the few studies examining the benefits of consuming insect-based food from the perspective of consumers.
Purpose
The aim of this research is to determine the price fairness of the social servicescape and the effect of price fairness on customer trust. In this context, first of all, the effect of the social servicescape on price fairness and then the effect of price fairness on customer trust were tested.
Design/methodology/approach
The universe of the research consists of people who visit Starbucks coffee stores. In the study, data were collected from 338 people who visited Starbucks coffee stores. The relationships between the variables were analyzed using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) Technique.
Findings
As a result of the research, it was concluded that employees, other customers and social crowds, which are from the dimensions of the social servicescape, do not have a significant effect on price fairness, the interaction between employee and customer, which is from the sub-dimensions of the social servicescape, has an effect on customers' perception of price fairness, and price fairness also has an effect on customer trust.
Originality/value
The important point in this research is to determine the effect of the social servicescape on price fairness, which has not been studied in the literature before. Although the effect of physical servicescape on price justice has been investigated, the effect of social servicescape on price justice has not been investigated. When evaluated from this point of view, it is thought that the research will have an important contribution to the literature.
Objective: This research aims to analyze the influence of social media trends, namely the use of viral marketing campaigns and social media influencers, in improving the marketing performance of MSEs by mediating co-creation-building power. Co-creation building power was built as an active response from MSEs to increase co-creation on their social media. Method: The research used respondents as many as 200 MSEs who actively use social media, utilize viral campaigns, and use influencers in marketing their business. Research data was collected using a questionnaire, which was analyzed using PLS-SEM with data processing via WarpPLS 8.0. Results and Discussion: The research used respondents as many as 200 MSEs who actively use social media, utilize viral campaigns, and use influencers in marketing their business. Research data was collected using a questionnaire, which was analyzed using PLS-SEM with data processing via WarpPLS 8.0. Originality/Value: This research analyzes social media trends in MSE marketing based on existing phenomena with the main objective of this research is to analyze the influence of using viral campaigns and influencers on social media on the marketing performance of MSEs through co-creation-building power.
This study investigates the intricate relationships between transformational leadership behaviours (TLB), job satisfaction (JS), organizational commitment (OC), and organizational citizenship behaviours (OCB) within the context of county governments in the United States. Drawing on a theoretical model that hypothesizes both direct and indirect effects of TLB on OCB, mediated by JS and OC, this research employs structural equation modelling to analyze survey data collected from 372 matched leader-follower pairs across various county governments. The findings substantiate the hypothesized model, revealing that TLB indirectly influences OCB through the mediating effects of JS and OC. Specifically, the study underscores the pivotal role of job satisfaction and organizational commitment as conduits through which transformational leadership exerts its positive impact on organizational citizenship behaviours. This research contributes to the literature by empirically validating a comprehensive model within the public sector context, thereby extending our understanding of the mechanisms through which transformational leadership fosters a conducive work environment that promotes OCB. The study's implications for leadership development and organizational policy within public sector organizations are discussed, alongside limitations and directions for future research.
Impulse purchases play a vital role in the sales revenue of shopping malls. This study utilized the Stimulus-Organism-Response framework to explore how shopping mall atmosphere stimulates consumer emotions, thereby impacting impulse purchase behavior. Structural equation modeling was employed for data analysis. The findings revealed that both positive and negative emotions can act as mediators in the process of forming impulse purchase behavior, albeit with distinct and sometimes antagonistic effects. This phenomenon is attributed to the differential impact of the service atmosphere on stimulating consumer emotions. Additionally, the study identified that only positive emotions can serve as mediators between spatial atmosphere and impulse purchases. In essence, stimuli in the shopping environment can influence consumer emotional responses, thereby prompting impulse purchase behavior.
Introduction
A notable deficiency lies in the absence of tailored instruments for comprehensively evaluating the health literacy of middle-aged and elderly residents in rural areas of China. Given the context of China’s ageing demographic and the increasing urban–rural disparities, it becomes imperative to formulate a dedicated assessment tool for appraising the health literacy of rural middle-aged and elderly populations.
Methods
A systematic and rigorously structured development approach was used. First, the concept of health literacy was used to create a pool of items. Second, the Delphi method was used to revise and finalise the initial version of the Chinese Rural Middle-aged and Elderly Health Literacy Scale (CREHLS). Third, pretesting was used to assess the rationality of the item settings within the CREHLS. Finally, a large-sample survey was used to assess the reliability and validity of the finalisation CREHLS.
Results
The CREHLS, which comprises 26 items distributed across four dimensions, is designed to evaluate the capacity to access, comprehend, assess and apply pertinent health information related to disease treatment, disease prevention, health promotion and environmental health. Multiple test results affirm the robust reliability and validity of the CREHLS, adhering to the established development standards.
Conclusions
This study expects that the CREHLS will be validated in different rural regions of China and will be a reference for assessing the health literacy of rural middle-aged and elderly people in other countries, thereby increasing our attention to the health literacy of rural people.
Purpose
This study aims at assessing entrepreneurial business performance (EBP) from dynamic capability (DC) and technology-organization-environment (TOE) framework perspectives, taking support from crowdfunding.
Design/methodology/approach
With the inputs from the literature, supported by TOE framework and the dynamic capability view (DCV), a model has been proposed. This model has been tested by the factor-based partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) technique through a survey and quantifying the responses of 406 respondents on a five-point Likert scale has been used.
Findings
The study has found that crowdfunding support (CFS) has an effective influence on the improvement of EBP. Also, the DC supports to improve the EBP. Environmental dynamism (END) has also a critical role in impacting business performance.
Research limitations/implications
Crowdfunding involves investors who have a similar interest in the business, close friends, family members, venture capitalists, investment groups, etc. Thus, the proposed model can be used by these stakeholders for investment purposes as well as for improving EBP. This study is a cross sectional research work which has limitations. Moreover, the sample size of this project is limited and did not include global respondents, Thus, the findings of this study cannot be generalizable which is another limitation of this study.
Practical implications
Crowdfunding involves investors who have a similar interest in the business, such as close friends, family members, venture capitalists, investment groups, etc. Thus, the proposed model can be used by these stakeholders for investment purposes as well as for improving EBP. The study can help policymakers understand the importance of crowdfunding in promoting entrepreneurship activities in a region, which helps in the economic development of that region.
Originality/value
This research work enriches the extant literature in the fields of crowdfunding and investment, DC and entrepreneurship. Not many studies have dealt with the issues of CFS for the improvement of EBP. Hence, this study may be considered novel. Moreover, the proposed research framework related to crowdfunding possesses a high predictive power. This makes the study unique.
Purpose
Reflecting subjective feelings of aliveness, thrivingness and energy, entrepreneurs’ eudaimonic well-being helps to enhance firm performance, which raises the question how to improve this largely under-researched type of well-being. Drawing upon the conservation of resources theory, this study examines how an entrepreneur’s obsessive passion has an inverted U-shaped association while harmonious has a positive association with their eudaimonic well-being, and how these relationships vary under the moderating effect of socially prescribed perfectionism.
Design/methodology/approach
Study 1 includes a survey with entrepreneurs from 182 small businesses in Vietnam. To overcome the limitation of cross-sectional data in Study 1 and test the hypotheses in a diverse and western sample, this research employed a two-wave lagged design in Study 2 with 81 entrepreneurs in the United States and United Kingdom.
Findings
Both studies confirmed that an entrepreneur’s harmonious passion has a positive association and obsessive passion has an inverted U-shaped association with their eudaimonic well-being. This study also found these associations are moderated by socially prescribed perfectionism.
Originality/value
This research extends the literature on eudaimonic well-being in entrepreneurship by confirming its determinants and contributes to the debate about the positive side of obsessive passion. Also, its examination of socially prescribed perfectionism in the context of entrepreneurship lays the foundation for further research on the role of this important personality trait in shaping the performance and well-being of entrepreneurs. This study provides theoretical contributions and managerial implications and suggests areas for future research.
Slow tourism has been implemented in rural areas and small towns in China for over a decade. However, the effectiveness of utilizing blogs or vlogs for promoting slow tourism destinations varies significantly. This study explored the reasons for the differences in marketing effectiveness of slow tourism destinations from the perspective of audience resonance. A total of 231 college students participated in the study and PLS-SEM was employed for hypothesis testing. The study results revealed positive impacts of value accord, expectation fitting, and cultural credibility on cognitive resonance. Additionally, there were positive impacts of slowness, self-congruence, and entertainment on emotional resonance. These factors further contribute to audience resonance in slow tourism. Emotional resonance turned out to be the driving factor of audience resonance. In addition, this research has also proved that the degree of resonance is the same whether the information carrier is text, photo, or video. No prior research has quantitatively validated the audience resonance in a slow tourism setting. This study addresses this knowledge gap and adds to the body of knowledge on slow tourism marketing and resonance theory.
Purpose
This paper explores the relationship between transformational principal leadership and individual teacher innovativeness, considering the mediating role of teacher agency (TA) and the moderating role of teacher trust (TT).
Design/methodology/approach
We employed structural equation modeling (SEM) using survey data collected from 676 teachers at 25 schools in Turkey.
Findings
The results indicated no direct correlation between transformational leadership (TL) and teacher innovativeness but revealed a significant and positive association between TL and teachers' agency, as well as between teachers' agency and innovativeness, suggesting that TA fully mediates the association between TL and teacher innovativeness. Additionally, teachers' trust positively influenced the link between principal leadership and teachers' innovativeness, with the impact of TL on teachers' innovativeness being stronger when trust levels were higher.
Research limitations/implications
This study contributes to the literature, providing an understanding of the mechanisms through which leadership can exert an influence on teacher innovativeness.
Practical implications
This study also suggests that the strength of the influence is likely to vary under different circumstances. Trust among teachers appears to play a key role in the effect of school leadership on teachers, particularly when aiming to support and sustain innovativeness.
Social implications
Trust-based relationships within a school are essential for school principals to influence innovative practices. We conclude that, in the absence of trust as a key component of school climate, achieving a comprehensive understanding of the role of school leadership in fostering teacher innovativeness seems unattainable.
Originality/value
This paper expands existing knowledge regarding the effect of TL in leading teacher innovativeness by indicating the indispensable role of TA and trust.
Purpose
This study aims to measure the integrated impact of big data analytics and artificial intelligence (BDA-AI) adoption by using the ChatGPT generative AI online platform as a BDA-AI tool on the operational and environmental performance.
Design/methodology/approach
This study considers Taiwanese professionals who engage with ChatGPT; the sample consists of 388 online users.
Findings
This study’s main finding is that the considered antecedents – including technological, organizational and environmental contexts, tangible resources and workforce skills – are significantly associated with BDA-AI adoption. Notably, BDA-AI adoption exhibits a significant relationship with operational performance, environmental performance and environmental process integration. Moreover, environmental process integration is significantly correlated with environmental performance. Lastly, operational performance is significantly correlated with environmental performance.
Originality/value
This study contributes to the heavily lacking but developing literature on the antecedents and consequences of BDA-AI adoption. Its theoretical foundation consists of the technological-organizational-environmental model, Roger’s diffusion of innovation theory and resource-based view theory.
Teacher continuity is one of the prerequisites for a school to fulfill expected organizational roles. Various organizational problems, notably low academic achievement, are observed at schools where personnel turnover is high. Therefore, it is necessary to disclose the teachers' turnover intention drivers. Though they are limited in number, previous studies have revealed that collective teacher efficacy is one of the critical factors influencing turnover intention. However, researchers have yet to focus on the holistic effects of collective teacher efficacy and organizational commitment on turnover intention. Therefore, the current study aims to test the innovative model developed to explore the direct and indirect relations among collective teacher efficacy, organizational commitment, and turnover intention. The data were collected from 607 teachers working in public high schools in 12 different regions of Turkey using a stratified sampling technique. The collective teacher efficacy, organizational commitment, and turnover intention scales were used as data collection tools. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. As a result of the analyses, it was found that collective teacher efficacy was negatively related to teachers' turnover intentions. The results of the analysis confirm that organizational commitment is an essential mediator between collective teacher efficacy and turnover intention. Strengthening collective teacher efficacy in schools is vital to reduce teachers' turnover intentions. In addition, increasing organizational commitment will positively reduce teachers' turnover intentions. The current study is expected to contribute to research focusing on the effects of collective teacher efficacy on teachers' turnover intentions.
Across the globe and particularly in the developing country settings, there has been an upsurge of interests from businesses, academics and policy-makers alike in understanding the relationship between corporate board characteristics and governance practices of State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs). This understanding especially in post-pandemic era would aid in formulating best policies for optimal performance of the SOEs. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of board characteristics on corporate governance practices in SOEs in Ghana. Utilizing a structured questionnaire, data was collected from employees across various SOEs and analysed through Smart-PLS structural equation modelling. The findings indicate that board demographic characteristics have a significantly positive impact on governance practices, underscoring the importance of diversity in board composition. This outcome highlights the need for SOE policymakers to prioritize board diversity to enhance governance efficacy. This research enriches the literature on corporate governance in the developing country context and has practical implications for enhancing SOE management and performance. It also provides a foundation for future research to explore the dynamics of board characteristics in different contexts.
Job anxiety has long been seen as a major factor affecting employees' job performance. The reasons and processes by which affective commitment and work engagement impact employee creativity can be studied through the lens of ego depletion theory. In this study, we surveyed employees in a theme park and applied structural equation modeling to analyze the survey data. Our observations suggested that the decline in employee creativity due to job anxiety was possibly the result of low affective commitment and work engagement, with work engagement being a key mediating factor. The development of emotional ego depletion in service industry employees after experiencing job anxiety could explain our observations. Emotional depletion not only affects employees' work attitudes and emotional expressions but also reduces their motivation for creativity.
Purpose The aim of this model is to determine the residents’ welcoming attitudes towards tourists through place personality, place attachment and self-congruity amidst Covid-19 Pandemic. Design/methodology/approach A series of Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was applied to the variables. Then, First Level Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was performed, and the reliability and validity of the variables were evaluated. Following CFA, Structural Equation Modeling was performed with the remaining variables Findings Results show that the sincerity (21%) and excitement (32%) affect the residents’ welcoming attitude through self-congruity and place attachment; and the competence (21%) directly affects the welcoming attitude. While place attachment (11%) directly affects the welcoming attitudes, self-congruity (53%) indirectly affects the welcoming attitudes. Also, self- congruity affects the welcoming attitude through place attachment. Another significant result is the strong effect (45%) of self-congruity on place attachment. Originality/value Some studies revealed locals adopted a negative attitude towards tourists during the pandemic while others indicated locals adopted positive attitudes towards tourists. Within this context this study, as addressing this controversial issue contribute to the development of more sustainable plans and policies by destination management organizations.
Purpose
With the widespread penetration of digital technologies, disruptive innovation is not developed by a single firm but is increasingly achieved by an ecosystem. However, limited research has examined the mechanisms involved in achieving disruptive innovation in the context of digitalization and ecosystems. To address this gap, we explore the impact of three dimensions of specialized complementary assets (SCAs) within the innovation ecosystem, human capital SCA (HCSCA), production SCA (PSCA) and marketing SCA (MSCA), on disruptive innovation in core firms through the mediation of digital capability, comprising digital operation capability (DOC) and digital resource collaborative capability (DRCC). Furthermore, innovation ecosystem embeddedness is examined as a moderator between digital capability and disruptive innovation.
Design/methodology/approach
Survey data were collected from 234 core firms in China’s high-tech industry. Hierarchical regression, AMOS, and PROCESS tools were used to examine the data.
Findings
The results reveal the following: (1) HCSCA and PSCA positively affect disruptive innovation, while MSCA is negatively correlated with disruptive innovation. (2) Digital capability mediates the relationship between HCSCA and disruptive innovation, as well as PSCA and disruptive innovation. However, it suppresses the negative impact of MSCA on disruptive innovation. (3) Innovation ecosystem embeddedness strengthens the influence of DOC on disruptive innovation, but weakens the influence of DRCC on disruptive innovation.
Originality/value
The findings advance the knowledge of disruptive innovation, SCAs within the innovation ecosystem, digital capability and innovation ecosystem embeddedness. They also provide practical insights into the effective implementation of disruptive innovation.
Purpose
This study examines how formal retail formats (FRFs), and informal retail formats (IRFs) may coexist as substitutes and complements in emerging markets because of store patronage driven by customers’ chronic shopping orientations, and differences in salesperson consultation in the two retail formats.
Design/methodology/approach
Using a shopping motivational orientation framework, we develop and test a moderated mediation model using survey data from 515 shoppers of formal and informal grocery retail outlets in India.
Findings
While task-focused and experiential-focused shopping orientations influence both FRF and IRF patronage, store satisfaction mediates these relationships and crucially attenuates the negative impact of task-focused orientation on FRF patronage. Salesperson consultation moderates the mediating effects of satisfaction in the link between shopping orientation and patronage of both FRFs and IRFs.
Research limitations/implications
The findings suggest that FRFs and IRFs could coexist as complements and substitutes when patronage is examined as repeated visits determined by shopping orientation, mediated by satisfaction and moderated by salesperson consultation.
Practical implications
For FRFs and IRFs to be complements, both formats must prioritize their distinctive attributes that satisfy a consumer's chronic shopping orientation. Substitution depends on how both retail formats prioritize salesperson consultation and in-store characteristics that appeal to consumers’ chronic orientation during specific shopping trips.
Originality/value
Whilst FRFs must satisfy task-focused shoppers to compete with IRFs, salesperson consultation can inhibit such satisfaction. However, the extent of coexistence between FRFs and IRFs depends on how each format leverages salesperson consultation to enhance satisfaction of experiential-focused shoppers.
The COVID-19 pandemic has heightened public awareness regarding the importance of health insurance. Several factors influencing the choice of an insurance brand include the plan value, agent characteristics, referrals, and consumer trust. Over the past five years, the use of influencers has expanded as they are believed to influence consumer intentions to purchase insurance services. Primary data was collected through a survey of 181 respondents who did not have an insurance policy but had seen the content of the insurance company’s marketing communications presented by influencers. Using SEM-PLS to analyze the primary data, the study found that agent characteristics and influencer credibility directly affect an insurance brand’s consumer trust and purchase intention. Meanwhile, referrals have a significant direct effect on consumer trust but not directly on purchase intention. Conversely, the plan value offered by insurance companies directly affects purchase intention but has no direct influence on consumer trust. Despite finding that consumer trust was insignificant in mediating the effect of referrals, agent characteristics, plan values, and influencer credibility on purchase intention, this study validates the role of agent characteristics, plan values, and influencer credibility in influencing consumer’s intention to purchase insurance products.
Objetivo: evaluar cómo se percibe la calidad del servicio en los principales atractivos turísticos rurales de Villa de Leyva, Colombia, con el fin de proponer mejoras en su prestación. Diseño/metodología: se llevó a cabo un estudio utilizando una encuesta por muestreo con 384 turistas, cuyos resultados se derivan de un análisis factorial exploratorio, para luego implementar un plan de mejoramiento a la calidad del servicio turístico. Resultados: se obtuvo un modelo con resultados confiables y válidos de tres factores: seguridad y confiabilidad; apariencia física y atención; empatía y disposición, que explican el 64.2 % de la calidad percibida acumulada del servicio. Se encontró que al menos el 31.5 % de los encuestados clasifican el servicio como muy bueno en los tres factores del modelo; sin embargo, el 68.5 % de los encuestados, concentrados en el segundo factor, valoraron la calidad del servicio con un nivel inferior a buena. Conclusiones: el desconocimiento de la calidad de la prestación del servicio, así como la ausencia de control al momento de brindarlo, son dos debilidades que presentan los atractivos turísticos de Villa de Leyva. Por lo tanto, este estudio infiere que la calidad del servicio en los atractivos analizados se puede modelar bajo un constructo multidimensional con tres componentes principales: seguridad y confiabilidad; apariencia física y atención; y empatía y disposición. Originalidad: el estudio evalúa la calidad percibida del servicio en atractivos turísticos rurales de Villa de Leyva, Colombia. Asimismo, se propone un plan para para mejorar la calidad del servicio ofrecido a los vacacionistas desde los atractivos turísticos.
Purpose
Co-creation of services (CCOS) is a collaborative strategy that emphasises customer involvement and their expertise to increase the value of the service experience. In the service ecosystem, artificial intelligence (AI) plays a key role in value co-creation. Therefore, this study is undertaken to empirically uncover how AI can empower CCOS.
Design/methodology/approach
The source data were collected from 305 service provider respondents and quantitative methodology was applied for data analysis.
Findings
New service development augmented with AI provides tangible value to service providers while also providing intangible value to supportive customers. With AI, service providers adapt to new innovations and enrich additional information, which eventually outperforms human-created services.
Research limitations/implications
AI adoption for CCOS empowerment in service businesses brings “service-market fit”, which represents the significant benefits wherein customers contribute to creativity, intuition, and contextual awareness of services, and AI contributes to large-scale service-related analysis by handling volumes of data, service personalisation, and more time to focus on challenging problems of the market.
Originality/value
This study presents theoretical concepts on AI-empowered CCOS, AI technological innovativeness, customer participation in human-AI interaction, AI-powered customer expertise, and perceived benefits in CCOS, and subsequently discusses the CCOS empowerment framework. Then, it proposes a novel conceptual model based on the theoretical concepts and empirically measures and validates the intention to adopt AI for CCOS empowerment. Overall, the study contributes to novel insight on empowering service co-creation with AI.
The textile sector has become a significant source of pollution due to increasing carbon emissions, heightened greenhouse gas emissions, and growing landfill contributions. In response, the industry is turning towards sustainable fashion, which is gaining popularity as an eco-friendly practice. This study utilized the theory of planned behavior (TPB) alongside variables such as environmental concern, personal moral norms, and perceived consumer effectiveness to predict eco-friendly apparel purchasing intentions among educated Indian youth. The research applied variance-based partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to assess the proposed model. Results revealed that perceived behavioral control significantly and positively impacts purchasing intentions, followed by personal moral norms, general attitude, and perceived consumer effectiveness. Environmental concern was shown to indirectly influence purchasing intentions via the primary TPB variables and personal moral norms. Additionally, multi-group analysis (MGA) was used to investigate the moderating effects of perceived consumer effectiveness on the attitude-intention relationship, finding that individuals with higher perceived effectiveness displayed a more consistent attitude-intention correlation compared to those with lower perceived effectiveness. This study offers valuable insights for professionals and policymakers, suggesting the development of tailored sustainable marketing strategies and policies to address local market conditions.
Purpose
Although small businesses are important to the economy, few studies have examined how the small restaurant experience influences customer behavior. Thus, the purpose of this study is to develop a model and examine the influence of small restaurant attributes (i.e. authenticity) on customers’ positive attitudes and behavior.
Design/methodology/approach
Using 181 responses from customers of small restaurants, this study examines how the dimensions of authenticity (i.e. continuity, credibility, integrity, and symbolism) affect customers’ positive behavioral intentions through emotional attachment.
Findings
The results of partial least squared–structural equation modeling demonstrate that customer perceptions of symbolism, credibility, and integrity in their experience at a small restaurant influence their attachment, which in turn influences both their word of mouth and revisit intentions. However, continuity has no significant effect on customers’ emotional attachment to service providers. Also, the effects of authenticity on customer behavior vary across demographic categories.
Originality/value
With increasing competition in the small business context, service providers seek to understand how to create positive customer patronization behavior. This study provides guidelines for small business owners who are developing marketing strategies.
Purpose
The current work aims to understand the consumers’ adoption of electric vehicles (two-wheelers) from their value perspective by utilizing the value-based adoption model.
Design/methodology/approach
The study considered data from 302 potential electric two-wheeler customers and tested the hypotheses using structural equation modeling.
Findings
The outcomes showed that perceived economic benefits, social image, enjoyable acceleration and enhanced fun and perceived environment (positively) and perceived physical safety risk, perceived cost of ownership and range and charging risk (negatively) influenced the customers’ perceived value linked with electric two-wheeler (ETW) adoption. Only low engine noise emission and infrastructure issues did not affect perceived value.
Research limitations/implications
Most of the respondents considered in the study were less than 35 years old. Hence, the model can be tested for other age groups.
Practical implications
The study’s outcomes will help ETW marketers, manufacturing companies and governments (state and central) to provide a more convenient environment for electric two-wheelers' adoption and help them curate appropriate strategies.
Originality/value
The current work offers a better understanding of potential customers' ETW adoption by employing a value-based trade-off.
Objective: The overarching objective of this study is to identify the salient factors within social networks, specifically Facebook, TikTok, Instagram, and YouTube, and their impact on tourists' decision-making processes in selecting Ho Chi Minh City as a destination. Subsequently, we offer managerial recommendations aimed at aiding tourism enterprises in Vietnam to enhance their understanding of the social network components that positively influence tourists' choices to visit. Furthermore, we suggest potential avenues for performance enhancement to optimize advertising effectiveness across social media platforms, including Facebook, TikTok, Instagram, and YouTube. Theoretical Framework: To date, numerous international research endeavors have scrutinized the determinants within social networks that shape tourists' intentions and decision-making processes regarding travel destination selection. However, within the Vietnamese context, scholarly investigations have predominantly centered on factors such as pricing, destination imagery, quality, and allure, while neglecting to explore the influence of social network factors on tourists' decisions regarding destination selection in Ho Chi Minh City. Consequently, the thematic focus on "Factors of Social Networks Influencing Tourists' Destination Selection Decisions in Ho Chi Minh City" represents an evolutionary progression from antecedent research studies, albeit purposefully tailored and refined by the researcher to align with their specific research aims. Method: The quantitative data gathered aimed to systematically examine and comprehend tourists' behaviors in their decision-making processes regarding destination selections facilitated by social media platforms. Employing an online survey hosted on Google Forms facilitated the data collection endeavor. The survey instrument featured a Likert scale spanning from 1 to 5, encompassing response categories delineated as follows: (1) Strongly Disagree, (2) Disagree, (3) Neutral, (4) Agree, and (5) Strongly Agree. Results and Discussion: Following the regression model analysis conducted on a dataset comprising 307 survey samples, the researcher observed the rejection of one initial research hypothesis, denoted as H1, while five subsequent hypotheses, namely H2, H3, H4, H5, and H6, were accepted. This determination was made based on the statistical significance values (Sig.) obtained from the t-test results presented in Table 4.19. Notably, factors with Sig. > 0.05 were deemed lacking in statistical significance, indicating a negligible influence on the dependent variable. Specifically, hypothesis H1, which pertained to the subjective norm factor, was rejected due to its Sig. value exceeding 0.05 (Sig. = 0.651). Conversely, the five accepted hypotheses (H2, H3, H4, H5) all demonstrated Sig. values below 0.05 (Sig. = 0.000). In summary, the study effectively achieves its predetermined objectives by identifying and analyzing five social media factors influencing tourists' destination selection decisions in Ho Chi Minh City. Additionally, the research assesses the magnitude of their impact and examines disparities in research outcomes across different customer segments in Ho Chi Minh City concerning travel destination decisions. Based on these findings, the researcher proposes managerial implications to support tourism businesses in Vietnam intending to utilize social media platforms for advertising. These implications aim to furnish essential insights for selecting and prioritizing key factors when designing advertising campaigns on social media, thereby enhancing brand effectiveness.
This study set out to identify the factors influencing the intention of investors in the United Arab Emirates to adopt blockchain technology in the stock market. Based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), a theoretical model was developed. 274 UAE investors were surveyed to test the hypotheses, and then the results were analysed using the structural equation modelling. Ultimately, the findings show that behavioral intention toward the use of blockchain technology is positively influenced by performance anticipation, social influence, and trust. Additionally, the results showed that older investors and investors with more years of blockchain technology experience had a greater relationship between facilitating conditions and behavioral intention toward blockchain adoption in the stock market, and the relationship between social influence and behavioral intention toward blockchain adoption was stronger for women and investors with less years of blockchain technology experience.
Purpose
Smart community construction (SCC) and efficiency require resident participation. This paper aims to explore the determinants of residents’ participation intention (RPI) in the SCC.
Design/methodology/approach
Based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), this study proposed an extended conceptual model to deeply analyze the RPI in the SCC. The relationship between all constructs was verified by processing and analyzing online survey data using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), structural equation model (SEM), and bootstrapping method.
Findings
Participation attitude, perceived behavioral control, subjective norm, and perceived usefulness significantly and positively affected the RPI. Furthermore, intermediary effects in the extended conceptual model had been confirmed.
Originality/value
To fill the critical gap in the research on the determinants of the RPI in the SCC context, this study developed a novel conceptual model by extending the TPB to analyze the effects of self-driven and externally-driven factors on the RPI from the perspectives of residents’ psychology and external environment. The findings not only clarify the complex process of forming the RPI in the SCC but also provide a theoretical foundation for studying the RPI in similar community construction projects. Additionally, several strategies have been proposed to encourage residents’ participation in the SCC and promote the development of smart communities, such as clarifying residents’ participation obligations, improving the convenience services of smart communities, and diversifying residents’ participation approaches.
Purpose
This study aims to explore the impact of athlete brand image on fans’ social media engagement, purchase intentions, and also examines the mediating role of emotional attachment on these relationships, as well as the moderating role of perceived price value between emotional attachment and purchase intentions.
Design/methodology/approach
The data are based on an online survey conducted in China (N = 572). The PLS-SEM (partial least squares structural equation model) and regression-based estimation method (PROCESS) are employed to test the hypotheses.
Findings
The results indicate a positive relationship between athletes’ athletic performance and fans’ social media engagement as well as purchase intentions. The impact of athletes’ attractive appearance and marketable lifestyle on fans’ purchase intentions is sequentially mediated by emotional attachment and social media engagement. Moreover, the mediation effect of athletes’ off-field image and purchase intentions is contingent upon fans’ perceived price value.
Research limitations/implications
Athletes and marketers could integrate and leverage both the on-field and off-field attributes to cultivate emotional connections with fans. Sports organizations and managers need to pay attention to fans’ social media engagement and provide content that increases engagement and converts into transactional behavioural intentions.
Originality/value
The study provides empirical evidence of the mediating role of emotional attachment between athlete brand image and fans’ purchase intentions. The explanatory mechanisms involving emotional attachment and social media engagement (non-transactional behavioural intentions) are anticipated to be a noteworthy addition to the traditional fan transactional behavioural intentions framework. Moreover, the research introduces and confirms perceived price value as a crucial moderating factor influencing the relationship between emotional attachment and purchase intentions.
Purpose
Given the detrimental effects of job content plateau, the paper aims to study the impact of job content plateau on employees’ career commitment. In doing so, the authors examine whether the lapses in job content plateau can be addressed through developmental i-deals. A final purpose is to examine whether proactive employees are better positioned to obtain work arrangements that help them develop and remain committed to their careers.
Design/methodology/approach
Data were collected from full-time working executives employed in different organizations. These executives enrolled in a part-time MBA program. Data was collected at different time points and analyzed using the process macro (Preacher and Hayes, 2004).
Findings
The results suggest that developmental i-deals mediated the relationship between job content plateau and career commitment. In addition, proactive employees were better disposed to seal the deal and develop themselves – helping them to stay committed to their careers.
Originality/value
Prior studies highlight the negative consequences of job content plateau because it does not provide avenues to learn and develop. This paper addresses the gap in locating opportunities to learn and develop (an aspect that was missing in the job content plateau) through developmental i-deals. First, the study helps answer how to address learning gaps in jobs. Second, who can capitalize on their efforts once the organization sponsors learning opportunities.
Purpose: This article aims to clarify the relationship between financial analysis and business performance at public universities in Vietnam. In addition, the influence of financial analysis on operational results. Theoretical framework: In the context of increasing financial autonomy in public universities in Vietnam, the issue of financial analysis aims to provide information for managers to plan, organize, control, and make decisions. Financial information must be reliable, transparent, and accountably defined. Most universities in Vietnam are not actively engaged in financial analysis activities, and there are significant research gaps globally. Method/design/approach: The research sample, collected online, consisted of 425 respondents in managerial positions (including accounting, auditing, financial, vice principal, and principal positions) in public universities. Sampling took place over a 3-month period from September 2022 to December 2023. Using quantitative research and the PLS-SEM structural equation modeling in SPSS 20 and AMOS 20 software. Results and conclusion: The study identified two factors with the strongest influence on financial analysis in public universities in Vietnam: (i) the analysis data base (AD); and (ii) the analysis content (CA) and influence of financial analysis on operational results. The research provided in-depth insights and critical discussions and evaluations in financial analysis at public universities in Vietnam, recommending the adoption of public accounting standards for financial reporting developed by the International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board (IPSASB) or the use of EVA indicators (net operating profit after tax minus cost of capital) in financial analysis activities. Research implications: This research uses the contents of financial analysis and operational results based on prior studies in the realm of the public and universities. Within the context of the digital transformation of the entire society and improving the quality of education, these variables are useful solutions for universities. Originality/value: This study uses a new research methodology to analyze and measure the relationship between financial analysis and business performance at public universities in Vietnam. The paper's primary contribution is findings that benefit the public universities in Vietnam in the improvement of their training quality and business performance.
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are one of the most prevalent and costly diabetes complications, associated with diminished quality of life and poor prognosis. Management of DFUs relies heavily on patients' foot self‐care behaviour. This study aims to explore psychological determinants of this important behaviour among primary care patients. A total of 186 patients with active DFUs self‐reported their illness perception, diabetes distress, self‐efficacy, and foot self‐care behaviour. Structural equation modelling was performed to examine interrelationships among measured variables. The final model demonstrated satisfactory fit, CFI = 0.933, TLI = 0.913, RMSEA = 0.050, SRMR = 0.073, χ²(95) = 132.256 (p = 0.004), and explained 51.1% of the variance of foot self‐care. Illness threat perceptions (i.e., consequence, timeline, identity, concern, and emotion) had a direct positive effect on foot self‐care behaviours, but also indirectly decreased foot self‐care through increasing diabetes distress. Control perceptions (i.e., personal control, treatment control, and coherence) were not directly associated with foot self‐care behaviours, but indirectly improved foot self‐care by reducing diabetes distress and increasing foot care confidence. These findings suggest illness perceptions, diabetes distress, and self‐care confidence as modifiable predictors to be targeted in self‐management interventions for patients with DFUs.
This study examines the relationship between antecedents of Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation (IEO) in female students. The study uses locus of control, Machiavellianism, resilience, and mindfulness as independent variables. Data for the study was collected using standardized self-rating questionnaires on 854 female students as a unit of analysis. Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (EFA and CFA) have been used to examine the reliability and validity of the measurement. Consequently, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was conducted using Python after validating the measurement model. The final model describes the relationship of Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation with the internal dimension of locus of control together with Machiavellianism, resilience, and mindfulness. All mentioned constructs had a significant positive influence on the dependent variable. Simultaneously, mindfulness was found to have a positive effect on resilience and internal locus of control on Machiavellianism. This study has expanded the dynamic research boundary and resonates with the recent developments in IEO conceptualizations. Moreover, this work is one of the few studies conducted exclusively among female students.
Purpose
This study investigates augmented reality (AR) retailing and attempts to develop a profound understanding of consumer decision-making processes in AR-enabled e-retailing.
Design/methodology/approach
The study is grounded in rich informational cues and information processing mechanisms by incorporating the elaboration likelihood model (ELM) and trust transfer theory. This study employs a mixed analytic method that incorporates structural equation modeling (SEM) and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to provide a complete picture of individual information process mechanisms in AR retailing under the tenet of ELM.
Findings
The SEM analysis results confirm the relationships between the central and peripheral route factors, information processing outcomes and eventual behavioral intentions. Moreover, all configurations revealed by the fsQCA include both central and peripheral factors. Hence, the dual routes proposed in the ELM are verified by using two distinct analytical approaches.
Originality/value
This study is pioneering in validating and contextualizing ELM theory in AR retailing. In addition, this study offers a methodological paradigm by demonstrating the application of multi-analysis in exploring consumers’ information process mechanisms in AR retailing, which offers a holistic and comprehensive view to understand consumers’ decision-making mechanisms.
Brand is among the most valuable properties of an organization which its proper management can pave the ground for acquiring more market share and profitability in any industry including food industry. In this line, brand identity which is an intra-organizational factor and one of the most important discussions on marketing and brand is considered in a few studies. On this basis, present study with the purpose of studying the impact of brand identity impact on brand loyalty development and brand equity is conducted in food industry (dairy and meat products). This is a survey-type research in which questionnaire is used to collect data. In present study, Kaleh brand (Kaleh Dairy and Meat Products Company) as a well-recognized brand in Iran is selected for studying. All customers of the company in Tehran Metropolitan are selected as research statistical population and finally a sample of 476 customers was chosen. To analyze and confirm data, Structural Equations Modeling (SEM) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) techniques are utilized. According to research findings, the impact of brand identity on both brand loyalty and brand equity in food industry was confirmed.
We verify the moderating effect of managerial ambidexterity on the relationship between intellectual capital and financial performance of small manufacturing companies in Peru. The study used a quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 506 small manufacturing firms. To determine the hypothesised model’s validity and reliability, we performed an exploratory factor analysis using a rotated component matrix to group questions within their corresponding constructs. Next, we assessed convergent and discriminant validity using measures such as Cronbach’s alpha, composite reliability, and average variance extracted. Finally, we tested the model hypotheses using structural equation modelling. SPSS 27 and AMOS 24 were used for all analyses. The study showed that there is a partial moderating effect of managerial ambidexterity on the relationship between intellectual capital and financial performance of small manufacturing firms in Peru. Additionally, statistical analysis showed that managerial ambidexterity moderates the direct relationship between structural capital and relational capital with financial performance, while no moderation effect was observed for human capital. This study provides valuable information for academia and management as it is the first to analyse the relationship between intellectual capital and financial performance, considering the moderating effect of managerial ambidexterity in small manufacturing firms in Peru. This innovative approach makes a significant contribution to scientific knowledge by investigating how managerial ambidexterity affects the financial performance of businesses in emerging economies, an area that has received little prior research.
Purpose
This study aims to provide insights into the drivers of student engagement in food waste reduction strategies in educational institutions. The proposed research model integrates social media celebrities' attractiveness, expertise and trustworthiness with the value belief norm (VBN) theory to explore their influence on students' behaviour towards food waste reduction.
Design/methodology/approach
The data were collected from 417 students enrolled in public and private universities in the Riyadh and Macca regions of Saudi Arabia to evaluate the proposed model. The partial least squares-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was employed to analyse the responses.
Findings
The results showed that VBN theory's components, such as values (biospheric, altruistic and egoistic), beliefs (new ecological paradigm, awareness of consequences and aspirations of responsibility) and norms significantly and positively influence food waste reduction behavioural intentions. It was also discovered from the results that social media celebrities' attractiveness, expertise and trustworthiness influence food waste reduction behavioural intentions.
Originality/value
This study contributes significantly to the literature by identifying factors influencing student engagement in food waste reduction strategies in educational institutions where limited research exists. It fills this research gap by developing a novel theoretical framework integrating social media celebrities' attributes with the VBN theory to explain these factors.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.