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LIVRO RESUMOS LIBRO DE RESÚMENES BOOK OF ABSTRACTS LIVRO RESUMOS LI-
BRO DE RESÚMENES BOOK OF ABSTRACTS LIVRO RESUMOS LIBRO DE RESÚMENES
BOOK OF ABSTRACTS LIVRO RESUMOS LIBRO DE RESÚMENES
BOOK OF ABSTRACTS
LIVRO RESUMOS
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BOOK OF ABSTRACTS
BRO DE RESÚMENES
BOOK OF ABSTRACTS
BOOK OF ABSTRACTS
LIVRO RESUMOS
LIBRO DE RESÚMENES
BOOK OF ABSTRACTS
LIVRO RESUMOS
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LIVRO RESUMOS
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BOOK OF ABSTRACTS
ISBN: coming soon
2ORGANIZING COMMITTEE
Cristiana Costa Vieira - CIBIO/InBIO
Helena Canha Pinto Hespanhol - CIBIO/InBIO
Joana Maria Mendonça Marques - CIBIO/InBIO
Vítor Vasconcelos - CIIMAR
Francisco Arenas - CIIMAR
SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE
Dra Isabel Sousa Pinto
Dr Rui Pereira
Dr Leonel Pereira
Dra Ireneia Melo
Dra Guilhermina Marques
Dr Paulo de Oliveira
Dra Graciela Paz- Bermúdez
Dra Maria Eugénia Lopez de Silanes
Dra Palmira Carvalho
Dr Javier Martínez Abaigar
Dra Isabel Draper
Dra Ana Séneca
Dr José Gabriel Galán
Dr João Honrado
Symposium Venue: HF Tuela Porto, Street Arq. Marques da
Silva, 200
4150-483 Porto
Tel.: (+351) 226 004 747/ Fax: (+351) 226 003 709
Coordinates GPS: 41º 09' 17" N / 8 º 37' 50" O
http://criptogamia.up.pt/
Organization:
Support:
BOOK OF ABSTRACTS ISBN: coming soon
3
ROOM SUL
09h30 Inaugural session
12h00
BC1.O1 | Blowing in the wind… Phenotypic variability or speciation event in the lichen genus
12h15
BC1.O2 | Bryophyte beta diversity along an elevational gradient in Terceira Island, Azores
12h30 BC1.O3 | Checklist de los briófitos de la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco (España):
actualización y bases para una lista roja
12h45 BC1.O4 | El género Prorocentrum (Dinophyceae, Prorocentrales) en aguas neríticas y costeras
de Canarias: nuevas aportaciones
13h00 BC1.O5 | Aspectos bioquímicos de la tolerancia a la deshidratación en Pleurozium schreberi
durante la época seca en el páramo de Chingaza (Colombia)
13h15 BC1.O6 | Macrofungal communities of two native oak woods (Quercus faginea subsp. broteroi
and Q. rotundifolia) in Central Portugal, with a study of sampling methods
ROOM SUL
15h00 BC2.O1 | Diversidad y ecología de cianobacterias bentónicas en los ríos de Castilla-La Mancha
15h15 BC2.O2 | Epiphytic lichen diversity in broadleaved forests in Cadí-Moixeró Natural Park:
assessing habitat status.
15h30
BC2.O3 | Filling knowledge gaps on the diversity of Iberian epiphytic bryophytes
15h45 BC2.O4 | Keeping up with the Bryophytes: richness, diversity and threatened taxa patterns and
conservation in headwater streams
16h00 BC2.O5 | LEGE Culture Collection and its cyanobacterial diversity: strains data survey analysis
highlights the increasing importance of this biological resource
16h15 BC2.O6 | Limitaciones al establecimiento del liquen Pectenia plumbea a escala de paisaje
inferidas a partir de modelización del hábitat y análisis de ocupación del hábitat potencial
16h30
BC2.O7 | Líquenes en los cocones del karst del Parc del Garraf (Catalunya)
16h45
BC2.O8 | Los líquenes epífitos del monteverde canario y su supervivencia en plantaciones
17h00
Coffee-break |
ROOM DOURADA
ROOM DOURADA
22/07/2015
Wednesday- Quarta - Miercoles
11h30 Invited thematic conference | Biodiversity and Conservation: Sílvia Carvalho (CIBIO-InBIO)
"Incorporating evolutionary processes into systematic conservation planning "
13h30 Lunch | Restaurant Hotel Tuela
08h30 Registration | Hotel Tuela Porto, Top floor
10h00 Plenary session | Biodiversity and Conservation: Anne Magurran (UStA) "Biological diversity in
a changing world "
11h00 Coffee-break | ROOM DOURADA
17h30 Communications in poster | Biodiversity and Conservation (Session BC)
19h30 Porto wine tasting | Porto Botanical Garden
Program:
4
10h00
ROOM SUL ROOM NORTE
10h30
TH1.O1 | SEACOLORS: Natural pigments from selected
microalgae with potential application in the textile industry
BC3.O1 | Diversidad y ecología de los briófitos acuáticos y
semiacuáticos de los ríos de Castilla-La Mancha
10h45
TH1.O2 | Lichen-induced geochemical weathering of schist
surfaces in Côa Valley Archaeological Park (NE Portugal)
BC3.O2 | Meloneis (Rhaphoneidaceae, Fragilariophyceae), nuevas y
raras diatomeas asociadas a praderas de Cymodocea nodosa (Ucria)
Ascherson
12h00
BEM1.O1 | Airborne fungal spores in Badajoz (SW Spain) and
weather influence in their seasonal distribution
TH2.O1 | Lichen biota on stone monuments in the Iberian Peninsula
12h15
BEM1.O2 | Airborne fungal spores in Payerne (Switzerland) TH2.O2 | Evaluación de tres abonos comerciales como fuentes de
nitrógeno en la acumulación de ficobiliproteína y biomasa en
Arthrospira maxima (Phormidiaceae).
12h30
BEM1.O3 | Airborne spores of Alternaria in three cities of
Extremadura (SW Spain) and different factors influence in their
seasonal distribution
BC4.O1 | Una oportunidad para una Lista de Algas Bentónicas
Marinas de España
12h45
BEM1.O4 | An ecophysiological study across the Drake Passage
on the saxicole tundra forming lichens of Usnea genus
BC4.O2 | Viabilidad de la introducción de algas caráceas para
naturalizar estanques en la ciudad de Barcelona
13h00
BEM1.O5 | Assessing the impact of alkaline dust pollution on
the genetic variation of lichen Usnea subfloridana (lichenized
Ascomycota, Parmeliaceae)
BC4.O3 | Where the wild things are: is the higher taxa approach an
effective method for selecting important areas for bryophyte
conservation?
13h15
BEM1.O6 | Briófitos asociados a minas de cobre en la Sierra
Norte de la Comunidad de Madrid
ROOM SUL
ROOM NORTE
15h00
BC5.O1 | Modelação da influência de alterações climáticas
sobre micro-habitats e padrões de atividade de molusco
terrestre (Geomalacus maculosus): contributos para a
conservação de micro-comunidades biológicas dominadas por
criptogâmicas
SEB1.O1 | Estudio monográfico de las especies epífitas y
hemiepífitas de Blechnum (Blechnaceae, Polypodiopsida)
15h15
BC5.O2 | Notas sobre la herbivoría en esporófitos de
Buxbaumia viridis en el Pirineo
SEB1.O2 | Coexistence and prevalence of symbiotic microalgae in
Buellia zoharyi lichen: are substrata and/or biogeographic barriers
involved?
15h30
BC5.O3 | Nueva aproximación para la descripción de las
comunidades liquénicas y el comportamiento específico
SEB1.O3 | Phylogenetic analysis of symbiotic Trebouxia microalgae
within the genus Parmelia reveal new monophyletic lineages.
15h45
BC5.O4 | Phymatolithon calcareum in maerl beds from Atlantic
Europe: insights from a species-specific microsatellite study
reveal considerable clonality
SEB1.O4 | Molecular data indicate too extensive lumping in the
moss genus Amphidium (Bryophyta)
16h00
BC5.O5 | Produção de túberas (Terfezia spp.)– Novas espécies
para Portugal
SEB1.O5 | Homalothecium meridionale (M. Fleissch. & Warnst.)
Hedenäs a segregated species from H. sericeum (Hedw.) Schimp.
(Brachytheciaceae, Bryopsida) in the Iberian Peninsula
16h15
BC5.O6 | Project MOVECLIM: Studying bryophyte
macroecological patterns along elevation transects across
archipelagos
SEB1.O6 | Potential distribution and identity of introduced Amanita
muscaria worldwide
16h30
BC5.O7 | Saxicolous lichen diversity in a complex landscape in
NE Iberian Peninsula
SEB1.O7 | Variación de rasgos morfológicos foliares en aspleniáceas
ibéricas saxícolas en función de variables climatológicas
16h45
BC5.O8 | The new World Checklist of Hornworts and
Liverworts
17h00
20h30
Extraordinary session | Rui Figueira (IICT): "Promote biodiversity data publishing and usage: the role of data papers"
Coffee-break | ROOM DOURADA
Lunch | Restaurant Hotel Tuela
Coffee-break | ROOM DOURADA
ROOM DOURADA
17h30
Communications in poster | Bioindication and Environmental Management; Systematics, Evolution and Biogeography &
Technology and Heritage (Sessions BEM, SEB & TH)
ROOM GT 332 (FLOOR 3)
19h30
Extraordinary session | "O Museu de História Natural e da Ciência da Universidade do Porto"
13h30
11h00
ROOM SUL
11h30
Invited thematic conference | Bioindication and Environmental Management: João Honrado (CIBIO-InBIO) "Indicators of what, for
what, and for whom? Biodiversity, ecosystems and the governance of socio-ecological systems"
Invited thematic conference | Technology and heritage: Rui Pereira (Alga
+
) "Portuguese Seaweads - heritage and potential value"
23/07/2015
Thursday - Quinta -Jueves
ROOM SUL
09h00
Plenary session | Technology and Heritage: Patrícia Sanmartín (USC) "Biology for cultural heritage preservation"
5
10h00
ROOM SUL
ROOM NORTE
10h30 SEB2.O1 | A preliminary evaluation of lineage
differentiation in European Aneura
BEM2.O1 | The herbivoral interaction between midge
species, Scatopsciara cunicularius (Sciaridae: Diptera)
and the thallose bryophyte, Marchantia polymorpha
10h45 SEB2.O2 | Advances into the evolutionary history and
biogeography of Parmeliaceae (Ascomycota)
BEM2.O2 | Distribución altitudinal de los líquenes
terrícolas en los prados alpinos de Andorra
11h45 SEB3.O2 | An ecogeographical approach to the genetic
structure of Parmelina carporrhizans using specific
microsatellites (SSR) markers
BEM3.O2 | Brioflora terrícola en olivares no labrados de
la provincia de Jaén (Andalucía, España)
12h00 SEB3.O3 | Assessing the taxonomical significance of
bistratose leaf in Orthotrichum anomalum-like
populations from western Iberian Peninsula
BEM3.O3 | Detección y control de cianobacterias en
fuentes ornamentales urbanasde la ciudad de Barcelona
12h15 SEB3.O4 | Evaluación del crecimiento vegetativo y del
éxito reproductivo en Grimmia decipiens en un
gradiente ambiental
BEM3.O4 | Efectos de las microcistinas y los extractos de
cianófitos en la fotosíntesis de algas fluviales.
Implicaciones ecológicas y de gestión.
12h30 SEB3.O5 | Dancing with the distinction of Orthotrichum
affine and O. fastigiatum, a morpho-molecular
approach.
BEM3.O5 | How to protect bryophytes from being
drowned or lost? A framework for the efficient
monitoring of priority bryophyte diversity
12h45 BEM3.O6 | Long-term effects of dangerous substances
on diatoms (Bacillariophyta) and their communities as
measured in the Ebro River Basin (NE Spain)
13h00 SEB3.O7 | El nuevo orden Collemopsidiales
(Dothideomyceta) alberga una gran diversidad de
especies marinas del género Collemopsidium.
BEM3.O7 | Pulp mill industry emissions biomonitoring,
and impacts on the photosynthetic performance of
lichen transplants
13h15 SEB3.O8 | Estructura genética poblacional y flujo génico
de Mastodia tessellata (Ascomycota, Fungi) en el eje
bipolar Alaska-Antártida
BEM3.O8 | Respuesta de líquenes y musgos como
bioindicadores de altas concentraciones de CO2
17h00
11h00
ROOM SUL
15h00 Extraordinary session |Patrícia Tiago (Biodiversity4All): "BioDiversity4All - a Portuguese citizen science project "
15h30 General Assembly and Closing Ceremony
24/07/2015
Friday - Sexta - Viernes
ROOM SUL
ROOMS SUL & NORTE
17h30 Meetings of Societies
Coffee-break | ROOM DOURADA
11h30 SEB3.O1 | A taxonomic study on cleistocarpous species
of Weissia (Pottiaceae, Bryophyta) in Japan
13h30 Lunch | Restaurant Hotel Tuela
09h00 Plenary session | Systematics, Evolution and Biogeography: Christopher Ellis (RBGE) "The cryptogamic epiphyte
response to climate change: scaling from biogeography to habitat management "
Invited thematic conference | Systematics, Evolution and Biogeography: Mariana Ricca (UZ) "Gene expression
variation in Physcomitrella patens sporophytes"
BEM3.O1 | The photoreceptor of ultraviolet-B radiation
(UVR8) in Marchantia polymorpha.
Coffee-break | ROOM DOURADA
6
INDEX of ABSTRACTS
Page
Plenary sessions
7
Invited thematic conferences
11
Oral Presentations
Biodiversity & Conservation
15
Bioindicators and Environmental Management
43
Systematics, Evolution and Biogeography
59
Technology and Heritage
75
Posters
Biodiversity & Conservation
80
Bioindicators and Environmental Management
105
Systematics, Evolution and Biogeography
112
Technology and Heritage
115
Extraordinary conferences
116
7
Biological diversity in a changing world
Anne E. Magurran
Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, Scot-
land, UK
Growing concern about biodiversity loss has sparked renewed interest in community
structure. Ecological assemblages invariably include both common and rare taxa; species
abundance distributions (SADs) describe these patterns. To predict how communities
respond to anthropogenic change we need to understand the processes that shape
species abundance distributions and influence local diversity. I will describe recent work
evaluating spatial and particularly temporal trends in both alpha and beta diversity. It is
becoming clear that these trends are scale dependent. In many cases we find that species
richness is maintained through time, but, consistent with the prediction that turnover
is accelerating relative to baseline levels, we often uncover marked changes in species
composition. Beta diversity partitioning can be used to determine whether turnover
in species identity is a consistently stronger driver of community reorganization than
species richness. A growing number of studies suggest that biotic homogenisation
may be a more serious, but as yet largely unappreciated, problem than local species
loss. These analyses shed light on how ecological communities change through time,
and in doing so help reveal how shifts in biodiversity will affect ecosystem function.
PLENARY SESSION
8
PLENARY SESSION
Biology for cultural heritage preservation
Patricia Sanmartín
Departamento de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Universidade de Santiago de
Compostela
Biology for cultural heritage preservation covers both damage of cryptogams (algae,
cyanobacteria, fungi, lichens, mosses) on stone heritage structures (biodeterioration
and biodegradation) and use of microbial species (mainly bacteria and some fungi) in
biocleaning processes (bioremediation). Cryptogams and stone conservation are closely
related since these organisms contribute substantially to the deterioration of materials,
and color measurements are important in both fields. Therefore, in this plenary session,
the state-of-the-art color measurement techniques as a method of conserving and
preserving stony materials against cryptogams (mainly cyanobacteria) will be discussed.
On the other hand, I will show the positive effects of some bacteria and fungi as cleaning
agents, especially when the substances to be removed are complex and encrusted.
In this framework, an ongoing methodology to remove graffiti from construction
materials by using microorganisms, leaving the substrates undamaged, will be shown.
9
PLENARY SESSION
The cryptogamic epiphyte response to climate
change: scaling from biogeography to habitat
management
Christopher J. Ellis
Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
c.ellis @rbge.org.uk
Concepts of risk management developed in the insurance industry include three
components, hazard, exposure and vulnerability. Following this example: (i) climate
change can be considered as a ‘hazard’ to biodiversity, (ii) larger-scale bioclimatic models
quantify the ‘exposure’ of species to climate change, e.g. by measuring the sensitivity to
climate change scenarios, as the loss of, or degree of spatial change in suitable climate
space, but (iii) the overall risk to a species depends also on smaller-scale ecological
‘vulnerability’ factors, e.g. habitat fragmentation which may prevent an effective
ecological/evolutionary response (migration/adaptation) commensurate with a species’
exposure.
In this talk I draw on the risk analysis concept, to introduce climate change as a hazard.
I then explore the use of bioclimatic models in order to understand the exposure (or
sensitivity) of cryptogams to regional climate change, and address key challenges to
the bioclimatic modelling framework. I aim to show that the use of bioclimatic models
requires caution, but can be justified in three ways: (i) congruence in species’ bioclimatic
distributions for independently derived ranges (on different continents), supports
climatically-controlled distributions, (ii) larger-scale distributions can be compatible
with experimental growth rates, providing support from functional ecology, and (iii)
historic shifts in epiphyte community structure are consistent with known patterns of
past climate change, providing a supportive retrospective analysis.
Finally, I use European oceanic cryptogamic epiphytes as a case-study, to scale-down
from patterns of larger-scale exposure, to ecological vulnerability at a landscape/habitat
scale. This draws on the observation that oceanic epiphytes can be widely distributed in
optimal ‘oceanic’ climates, but in sub-optimal ‘continental’ climates become restricted
to ancient woodlands. The observation can be explained in two ways: (i) climatically-
controlled growth rates may slow, lengthening generation times in sub-optimal climates,
such that probabilities of colonisation become skewed towards microhabitats with
increased continuity (e.g. in ancient woodlands), or (ii) ancient woodlands may have
10 a higher representation of microhabitat-types that offer a suitable microclimatic niche
within a sub-optimal macroclimate (e.g. higher levels of humidity associated with old and
leaning trees, or bryophyte-covered trunks). A newly developed stochastic-population
model is introduced as a learning-tool, to explore the relative importance of each of these
factors (climatically-controlled growth rates, or habitat specificty).
The key message is that by considering vulnerability, it becomes possible to identify
practical solutions in local habitat management, which can be then used to offset the
negative effects of larger-scale climate change.
11
Incorporating evolutionary processes into
systematic conservation planning
Silvia B. Carvalho
CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da
Universidade do Porto, R. Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661 Vairão Portugal
Given the present biodiversity crisis and the limited resources to preserve it, one
of the major international goals is safeguarding biodiversity in conservation areas’
networks. Spatial conservation planning has evolved remarkably in past decades,
moving from strategies consisting in identifying spatial patterns of species richness,
endemism and turnover, to sophisticated Systematic Conservation Planning (SCP)
frameworks and algorithms to identify conservation networks that maximize overall
representation and persistence of biodiversity while accounting for cost-efficiency.
However, while the species and ecosystem levels of biodiversity are commonly
incorporated in conservation planning, evolutionary processes and genetic diversity
are rarely considered in practice. Here I will exemplify different ways for accounting
to evolutionary processes in conservation planning. I will provide examples using
surrogates for evolutionary processes (including species distributions, environmental
gradients, and geographic features), and using genetic diversity directly at two
different phylogenetic levels (inter and intra-specific). Finally, I will discuss current
challenges and perspectives in terms better practices and tools for integrating genetic
data and spatial conservation prioritization methods under global change scenarios.
INVITED THEMATIC CONFERERENCE
12
INVITED THEMATIC CONFERERENCE
Portuguese Seaweeds – heritage and potential
value
Rui Pereira & Helena Abreu
ALGAplus, Lda. Travessa Alexandre da Conceição S/N. 3830-196 Ílhavo. Portugal
Seaweed industry as presently still a small scale in the country even though Portugal
as a considerable tradition on the use of this natural resource. Its use began with the
collection of the “sargaço” in the north or Portugal (a mix of beach casted seaweed
essentially between Matosinhos and Moledo) and the “moliço” in Ria de Aveiro (a mix
of seaweed and marine angiosperms). The collection of the sargaço is known at least
since 1308. Much more recently and until the middle of the XX century, the collection
seaweed for phycocolloid extraction was a very significant activity and Portugal was at
that time one of the largest producers worldwide. All these activities are nowadays almost
inexistent and the collection of agarophytes remains at a lower scale only in S. Martinho
do Porto. It is consensual that the future exploitation of the Portuguese seaweed flora
will not be based on the wild harvest, an activity that is in fact not-regulated (excluding
the aforementioned).
The present need for quality, traceability and stability of supply can only be completely
met through aquaculture production. The technologic advances in terms of production,
namely on the cultivation on-land, in integrated multi-trophic aquaculture systems
(IMTA), but also in the processing and biochemical characterization will allow us to
explore the potential of the several hundred seaweed species existent in the Portuguese
shore.
Industries such as the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and nutraceutics are constantly
seeking new sources of bioactive compounds and are attempt to the seaweed potential.
Simultaneously, in the eastern countries, the growing awareness and concern with food
habits and search for healthy foods favours the use of seaweed. In the food industry,
seaweed are gradually becoming a more common ingredient. Between 2012 and 2013,
more than 250 new products containing algae in the ingredient list were introduced in
Europe.
However, the seaweed potential does not end in those applications. There are ongoing
projects in the areas of animal food (from farmed animals to aquaculture, including pet
food), bioplastics, textiles and bio-fuels. In all these sectors lays the future exploitation of
this natural heritage – seaweed.
13
Indicators of what, for what, and for whom?
Biodiversity, ecosystems and the governance of
socio-ecological systems
João Pradinho Honrado
Ângela Lomba, António Monteiro, Cristiana Vieira, Joana Vicente, Ana
Sofia Vaz
CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da
Universidade do Porto, R. Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661 Vairão Portugal
Socio-ecological systems are complex, dynamic and adaptive entities consisting of coupled
and interacting social and ecological systems. They can be defined at several spatial scales,
from local to global, and their status and dynamics can be described on the basis of social,
ecological and socio-ecological indicators. Those indicators should thus refer to the main
components of the social system (social groups, stakeholders), of the ecological system
(species, ecosystems), and of their interactions and regulating feedbacks (land uses,
natural hazards, ecosystem services). Biodiversity is a key component of many socio-
ecological systems, where it plays many different roles as a resource or an environmental
asset. It is at the base of several important feedbacks from the ecological into the social
system, but also of social decisions on resource and landscape management. Biodiversity
is at the core of ecosystem functioning and thus of ecosystem services, which have
been considered a primary link between social and ecological systems. Indicators and
proxies of biodiversity, of ecosystem functioning and of the pressures driving their status
and dynamics are therefore valuable tools in support of governance towards resilient
landscapes. This talk will cover these and other topics related with the role of ecological
indicators in the governance of socio-ecological systems, with an emphasis on the role of
vegetation and landscape processes. The main ideas are illustrated with examples from
recent projects focused on mainstreaming biodiversity and ecosystem services in spatial
planning and sustainability governance.
Research funded by FEDER funds through COMPETE and by National Funds through FCT - project PTDC/AAG-MAA/4539/2012
/ FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-027863 (IND_CHANGE).
INVITED THEMATIC CONFERERENCE
14 Gene expression variation in Physcomitrella
patens sporophytes
Marianna Ricca1,
Perroud2 P. F., Shimizu1 K., Wagner1,3,4 A. J. & Szovenyi5 P.
1 Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of
Zurich, Switzerland
2 Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, USA
3 Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Switzerland
4 Santa Fe Institute, New Mexico, USA
5 Institute for Systematic Botany, University of Zurich, Switzerland
The parental con�lict hypothesis predicts that parent of origin gene expression is expected
to evolve whenever there is a difference in resource allocation to the offspring between
parents. Although the presence of endosperm is usually seen as a prerequisite for genomic
imprinting, parental con�lict is also predicted to occur in basal groups of land plants lacking
endosperm, such as bryophytes. Bryophytes exhibit the hallmark of parental con�lict and
experimental observations suggest the existence of genomic imprinting. Furthermore,
genomic and molecular data predict that mosses and �lowering plants share multiple
molecular mechanisms known to be involved in the realization of the parental con�lict in
�lowering plants. In spite of that, molecular evidence of imprinting, its mechanisms and
evolutionary implications in this basal group of land plants are unknown.
This project was developed to test the predictions of the parental con�lict hypothesis in
the model moss Physcomitrella patens by assessing parent of origin gene expression in
the sporophytic tissues in reciprocal interstrain crosses. We looked at gene expression
variation throughout sporphytic development and the impact of outcrossing in gene
expression and gene expression regulation. We will provide a brief overview of our
�indings an their evolutionary implications.
INVITED THEMATIC CONFERERENCE
15
16
BC1.01
Biodiversity & Conservation
Blowing in the wind… Phenotypic variability or
speciation event in the lichen genus Ramalina
Pérez-Vargas, I.1 & Pérez-Ortega, S.2
Lichens with vagrant or unattached life forms occur in many areas of the world, from the
low altitude, hot deserts and cold steppes to the high-altitude alpine areas and tundra
(Pérez 1994,1997). These sites share similar arid or semiarid climatic condition, sparse
vegetation and wind swept (Rosentreter 1993, Pérez-Ortega et al. 2012). Several lichen
genera contain both attached and unattached (vagrant) forms. The most prominent of
these genera in arid and semiarid regions of North America and Eurasia are Aspicilia,
Dermatocarpon, Rhizoplaca and Xanthoparmelia. Distinct vagrant species are presently
recognized in all of these genera although the validity of several of these taxa has been
questioned (Rossentreter & McCune 1992).
Ramalina Nyl. is a large genus of cosmopolitan lichens with over 200 species currently
recognised (Kirk et al. 2008). The species show a remarkable plasticity (Boucher & Nash
1990, Pintado et al. 1997) and a very complex chemistry (Krog & Swinscow 1973, Cul-
berson et al. 1993). No vagrant species have been described in this genus. Nevertheless
we have discovered some samples of free-growing Ramalina restricted to a small steppe
in the Canary Islands. In outward form it is unlike all other Ramalina, having rolled lobes
and without a holdfast. These vagrant forms co-occur with more typical, nonvagrant Ra-
malina species. We sought to determine whether this taxon represents a distinct species
or whether it is an evironmental modi�ication of the more common, sympatric Ramalina
species.
1 Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Fac. de Farmacia, Uni-
guna, Tenerife, Islas Canarias, España.
2 Departamento de Biología Ambiental, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales
(CSIC), c/ Serramo 115-dpdo, 28006, Madrid, España.
17
BC1.02
Biodiversity & Conservation
Bryophyte beta diversity along an elevational
gradient in Terceira Island, Azores
Henriques DSG1, Gabriel R1, Borges PAV1 & Ah-Peng, C2
1 cE3c / ABG – Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes / Azo-
rean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores - Departamento de Ciências
Agrárias, 9700-042 Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal
2 UMR PVBMT, Université de La Réunion, 7 Chemin de l’IRAT, 97410 Saint-Pierre,
La Réunion, France
Oceanic island ecosystems are biologically simpler than their mainland equivalents and geogra-
phically well-de�ined, which makes them ideal systems to evaluate the processes that govern
species community assembly. For this purpose, beta diversity is used to describe variation in
species identities across sites. It is decomposed in species replacement and richness differen-
ces, which represent distinct ecological processes. Our aim is to evaluate beta diversity and its
components at different scales along an elevational gradient in an oceanic island (Terceira).
After dividing the island’s 1021 m elevational gradient into equal bands, bryophyte composition
per band was obtained via the ATLANTIS database (www.atlantis.angra.uac.pt). Species repla-
cement and richness differences were then calculated for three different spatial grains of the
sampling unit: adjacent 51 m (small scale), 102 m (intermediate scale) and 204 m (large scale)
band pairings.
We found that beta diversity responds to scale. At a smaller scale, beta diversity values are hig-
her than at a larger one. At the intermediate scale species replacement is the largest component
of beta diversity up until 510 m. From 510 m to the top of the island, richness difference is the
main driver of beta diversity. Overall beta is smaller and composition similarity higher in the
middle of the gradient, between 460-714 m.
Beta diversity variation with scale results from bryophyte assemblages appearing more homo-
geneous as sampling grain increases. The intermediate scale seems to be ideal for analysis at the
island level, avoiding the coarseness of the larger scale and diluting the in�luence of microscale
variables working at the smaller scale.
Beta diversity is low when compared with other groups, due to the environmental homogeneity
and low zonation of the Azorean vegetation. The lowest values are found between 460-714 m,
where the best native Laurisilva forest areas occur, hosting a rich bryo�lora. By opposition, beta
diversity is highest in the lowlands, between the �irst three 102 m band pairings. This is the
most disturbed part of the island with very few forested areas, comprising mostly exotic spe-
cies. Species replacement is the main process at work at these levels, indicating a gain and loss
of species, probably due to high habitat disturbance levels.
Since scale seems to affect beta diversity values in Terceira, we recommend standardized stu-
dies of bryophyte community assembly at different scales. These can help understand ecologi-
cal drivers acting on bryophyte communities and de�ine conservation strategies more focused
on bryophyte requirements at multiple scales.
18
BC1.03
Biodiversity & Conservation
Heras Pérez, P., Infante Sánchez, M.
Se presenta el checklist de los brió�itos conocidos para la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vas-
co (CAPV), actualizando el realizado en el año 2000 (Heras Pérez & Infante Sánchez 2000).
El trabajo que se ha venido abordando desde el año 2000 ha llevado a una notable mejora
del conocimiento de la diversidad brio�ítica del País Vasco. Además, el desarrollo del proyec-
to Flora Brio�ítica Ibérica ha contribuido muy notablemente, al examinar numeroso material
de los herbarios ARAN (Sociedad de Ciencias Aranzadi), BIO (Facultad de Ciencias, Universi-
dad del País Vasco) y VIT (Museo de Ciencias Naturales de Álava). La lista roja de los brió�i-
tos del País Vasco que se viene realizando en estos últimos años ha provocado la necesidad
de poner al día la información que se dispone sobre la brio�lora vasca.
La CAPV, formada por las provincias de Álava, Guipúzcoa y Vizcaya, abarca una super�icie
de 7.163,50 km2. Además, este checklist incluye el enclave del Condado de Treviño (260,71
km2), perteneciente administrativamente a Burgos pero que geográ�icamente se correspon-
de con las comarcas naturales de Álava que lo engloban. En total, el territorio comprendido
es de 7.424,21 km2 (el 1,2% de la super�icie total de la Península Ibérica).
Dos son los rasgos �isiográ�icos de la CAPV que más determinan su brio�lora. El primero es la
notable transición climática que se da desde la costa cantábrica al río Ebro, comprendiendo
desde comarcas netamente atlánticas a las claramente mediterráneas, con una amplia franja
en el centro de Álava de características subcantábricas. El segundo es la llamativa disminu-
ción altitudinal que se da en los Montes Vascos, entre los Pirineos y la Cordillera Cantábrica.
Los primeros datos históricos que se conocen sobre la brio�lora de la CAPV proceden de �ina-
les del siglo XVII, en torno a 1785 (Herbario Histórico Prestamero y recolecciones de Xabier
de Arízaga), pero la contribución más decisiva se la debemos al matrimonio Allorge, ya en
los años treinta del siglo XX.
En este momento, la brio�lora de la CAPV está compuesta por 660 taxones (3 antocerotas,
158 hepáticas y 499 musgos). Se detallan la presencia los diferentes taxones en cada uno de
los territorios considerados, los elementos más signi�icativos y los más amenazados de la
brio�lora vasca.
Referencia:
Heras Pérez, P. & Infante Sánchez, M. 2000. Check-list de los brió�itos de la Comunidad Au-
tónoma del País Vasco. Estudios del Museo de Ciencias Naturales de Álava 15: 57-73.
Museo de Ciencias Naturales de Álava, Vitoria-Gasteiz, España
Biodiversity & Conservation
19
El género Prorocentrum (Dinophyceae, Proro-
centrales) en aguas neríticas y costeras de Ca-
narias: nuevas aportaciones
Soler Onís, E y Ojeda Rodríguez, A
Prorocentrum (Dinophyeceae, Prorocentrales) está representado en el archipiélago ca-
nario por 10 especies. Este género por fue descrito por Ehrenberg en 1834 designando
a P. micans Ehrenberg como Holotypus, desde entonces se han descrito 77 especies de las
cuales 9, la mayoría bentónicas, están consideradas tóxicas.
Prorocentrum se caracteriza por presentar una teca bivalvar con un aplastamiento bilate-
ral notable. Cada valva está formada por una sola placa. En el extremo anterior o ventral
ambas valvas presentan un conjunto de pequeñas placas, área peri�lagerlar, donde se en-
cuentran los dos poros por donde emergen los �lagelos, uno de ellos helicoidal. Algunas
especies presentan una espina apical y todas las especies poseen dos cloroplatos. Los ca-
racteres usados para identi�icar y diferenciar las especies de Prorocentrum son el tamaño
celular, la presencia de espina apical, los pirenoides, y en particular la arquitectura del
área peri�lagelar, las bandas intercalares, la super�icie valvar y su ornamentación.
El presente trabajo constituye una contribución al conocimiento del género Prorocen-
trum en aguas neríticas y costeras del archipiélago canario con aportación de 3 citas
nuevas y una especie nueva. El estudio taxonó mico se ha realizado a partir de muestras
recogidas durante el año 2014 en diferentes campañ as oceanográ �icas y de 5 praderas
de Cymodocea nodosa (Ucria) Ascherson afectadas por crecimientos masivos de Lyngbya
majuscula Harvey ex Gomont en las islas de Gran canaria y Fuerteventura.
Palmas de Gran Canaria. Muelle de Taliarte s/n. 35214 Telde. Gran Canaria. Espa-
ña
BC1.04
Biodiversity & Conservation
20 Aspectos bioquímicos de la tolerancia a la des-
Pleurozium schreberi durante la
época seca en el páramo de Chingaza (Colombia)
Montenegro L.C. & Melgarejo LM
El presente estudio se realizó en el páramo de Chingaza (3.250 m.s.n.m.) ubicado en
el centro de Colombia, durante la época seca. Se midió el contenido hídrico relativo en
Pleurozium schreberi durante los ciclos de deshidratación/rehidratación naturales que
se presentan durante el día, y se determinó los contenidos de proteínas solubles totales,
azúcares solubles totales, azúcares reductores, fructuosa , sacarosa y prolina. También se
determinó la actividad enzimática especí�ica de Catalasa (CAT) y Peroxidasa (POD).
P. schreberi creciendo en los páramos andinos es un musgo tolerante a la deshidratación
para lo cual presenta una serie de adaptaciones bioquímicas que le permite sobrevivir a
períodos de dé�icit hídrico extremos, como son:
Alto contenido de azúcares solubles en especial de sacarosa y bajos niveles de azúcares
reductores. Registó además un mayor aumento de sacarosa en los periodos de menor
contenido hídrico relativo. La sacarosa puede ser el osmolito más importante durante
la deshidratación de P. schreberi cumpliendo funciones de ajuste osmótico, vitri�icación,
osmoprotección y fuente de energía.
En P. schreberi la prolina no es un osmolito importante en el ajuste osmótico durante la
deshidratación, sin embargo su aumento de concentración en el momento de la rehidra-
tación puede estar asociado a promover la actividad peroxidasa.
P. schreberi presenta aumento en el contenido de proteínas totales cuando entra en es-
tados de deshidratación, asociado posiblemente a la producción de enzimas del sistema
antioxidante como catalasa o para mantener la estabilidad de los fotosistemas, lo cual se
ve re�lejado en la rápida recuperación de los procesos fotosintéticos cuando el musgo se
rehidrata.
P. schreberi presenta como adaptaciones constitutivas para sobrevivir a estrés por des-
hidratación una alta actividad enzimática de catalasa, mientras que se presenta como
adaptación inducida por la deshidratación una alta actividad enzimática de peroxidasa
El aumento de la actividad de CAT durante la deshidratación está asociado a procesos
de protección, mientras que el aumento de POD durante la rehidratación está asociado a
procesos de reparación y protección en especial de los fotosistemas.
Las mediciones anteriores se relcionaron con la actividad fotsintética y respiración, com-
probando la funsión de protección de los azúcares y enzimas del sistema antioxidante.
Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Departamento de Biología
BC1.05
Biodiversity & Conservation Biodiversity & Conservation
21
Macrofungal communities of two native oak
woods (Quercus faginea subsp. broteroi and Q.
rotundifolia) in Central Portugal, with a study of
sampling methods
Pereira JM 1, Oliveira P 2, Gonçalves MT 1
Macrofungi play crucial roles in forest ecosystems, yet their diversity still needs to be
better understood. Despite the growing focus of research on fungal diversity in Medite-
rranean regions and the recent interest for these organisms in our country, the myco�lora
of Portugal is far away from complete, and ecological studies that cover natural habi-
tats need to be undertaken by the scienti�ic community. The present study is a prelimi-
nary ful�illment of such need. We selected two native types of oak woods in the karstic
Sicó massif (Central Portugal), to record the epigeal macrofungal diversity as well as to
compare two sampling methods and to identify environmental variables that shape the
species composition. This Natura 2000 protected site (PTCON0045) includes the most
important continuous areas of marcescent Portuguese oak (Quercus faginea subsp. bro-
teroi), and remarkable stretches of Holm oak (Quercus rotundifolia) on calcareous soils.
Four fragments of each habitat were intensively collected over one main sampling season
using plot-based and opportunistic methods, with standardized sampling efforts. Seve-
ral environmental variables (vegetation, soil, topology, weather) were characterized. Re-
sults showed high diversity in both habitats, with a total of 250 and 230 taxa recorded,
for the Q. faginea and Q. rotundifolia habitats respectively. Several taxa are �irst referen-
ces for Portugal. The two methods used have provided substantial differences in species
richness, while keeping a similar distribution by major trophic groups. The richness of
the myco�lora along with the new records found in the Q. faginea woods emphasizes the
knowledge gap in the mycodiversity of this habitat. Overall, and although based in only
one fruiting season, these results clearly show the rich myco�lora of both protected ha-
bitats and highlight their ecological value and need for further research. We discuss the
results aiming at a better integration of macrofungi diversity in the development of ac-
tion plans for conservation.
1 Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coim-
bra, 3001- 456 Coimbra, Portugal;
2 Biology Department and CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic
Resources/InBIO, University of Évora, Largo dos Colegiais 2, 7002-554 ÉVORA,
Portugal
BC1.06
Biodiversity & Conservation
22
nicas en los ríos de Castilla-La Mancha
José Luis Moreno y Laura Monteagudo
Durante un período de estudio que abarcó 12 años, se recolectaron macroalgas en cin-
co cuencas incluidas en el territorio regional de Castilla-La Mancha: Tajo, Júcar, Segura,
Guadiana y Guadalquivir. Como parte de la comunidad de macroalgas, se recolectaron a
mano talos macroscópicos de cianobacterias detectados a simple vista, adosados a diver-
sos substratos o �lotantes, cuya composición especí�ica fue determinada posteriormente
en el laboratorio. En total, se determinaron 25 especies de cianobacterias pertenecientes
a 9 familias y 4 órdenes, siendo los órdenes Nostocales (48%) y Oscillatoriales (44%) los
más diversos. Las especies más ampliamente distribudas fueron Phormidium favosum,
Rivularia haematites y Nostoc verrucosum. Los lugares más diversos en especies estuvie-
ron localizados en tramos de ríos calcáreos, incluidos en los ecotipos �luviales naciona-
les denominados “Ejes mediterráneo-continentales mineralizados”, “Ríos Manchegos” y
“Ríos de montaña mediterránea calcárea”. En cuanto a las preferencias ecológicas, N. ve-
rrucosum mostró el rango más amplio de temperatura y pH; P. retzii y Tolypothrix distor-
ta presentaron el mayor rango de valores de conductividad; P. favosum fue la especie más
tolerante en cuanto a la concentración de fosfato y nitrato, mientras Lyngbya martensia-
na se recolectó en aguas contaminadas tolerando los valores más elevados de amonio.
Los análisis multivariantes realizados indicaron que el pH, la conductividad, y la altitud,
junto con la concentración de amonio y nitrato fueron las variables que mejor explicaron
la variabilidad en la distribución y composición de la comunidad de cianobacterias. Así,
los arroyos silíceos localizados en tramos de montaña, donde se midieron los valores más
bajos de pH y conductividad, presentaron una comunidad diferente al resto de ríos, ca-
racterizada por especies como Coleodesmium wrangelii, Nostoc caeruleum y Phormidium
fonticolum.
Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Centro Regional de Estudios del Agua (CREA)
Crta. de Las Peñas km 3, Albacete 02071, Spain
BC2.01
Biodiversity & Conservation Biodiversity & Conservation
23
BC2.02
Biodiversity & Conservation
Epiphytic lichen diversity in broadleaved forests
status.
Llop E
The Cadí-Moixeró Natural Park, located at the pre-Pyrenees range (NE Iberian Peninsula),
hosts a broad variety of habitats from the Mediterranean to the alpine belt. Among them, co-
niferous forests are the most abundant habitats. On the other hand, broadleaved forests are
present from the Mediterranean to the montane belt, despite their surface is not as extensive
as coniferous woods. Biological diversity is a main focus on manegement of protected areas.
However, some biological groups are less studied due to several reasons. Lichens are one of
such not well known groups from the Cadí-Moixeró Natural Park. Recently, some surveys
have focused on epiphytic lichen diversity in the park. The aim of this paper is to assess the
habitat status of broadleaved forests using lichen diversity.
The study has been carried on 15 sites representing four kinds of forests: holm oak, oak,
beech and mixed decideous trees. Forests have been characterized in terms of climatic in-
dices, agricultural activity and structure. Agricultural activity has been established based
on the percentage of cultured land surrounding each site and �ield observations. The forest
structure is de�ined from open to dens canopy based on aerial photographies. Lichen diver-
sity has been evaluated in terms of species richness and several functional traits (thallus
morphology, photobiont, reproductive strategy, tolerance to eutrophication, and tolerance to
disturbance).
Species richness is higher in oak and mixed forests, and beech forests host the poorest lichen
communities. Beech forests are linked to areas with a higher humidity, usually in areas with
more precipitation, while holm oak and oak forests thrive on more drier and thermic areas.
Forest structure determines signi�icant changes on the tolerance to disturbance. Close fo-
rests content more species tolerating low levels of disturbance, while open forests hold a
larger proportion of species tolerating high disturbances. Former ones also support more
species reproducing by asexual processes. Oppositely, close forests are richer in species with
sexual reproduction as well as in species with trentepohlioid photobionts.
Forests located in areas with intense agricultural activity bear more species tolerating high
levels of eutrophication, which have foliose thallus. The remaining groups of tolerance to eu-
trophication do not vary signi�icantly between the established categories.
The use of functional traits of lichen species shows up to be a good tool to assess the features
and impacts in decideus forests.
Dpt. Biologia Vegetal-Botànica, Universitat de Barcelona (Spain)
24 Filling knowledge gaps on the diversity of Ibe-
rian epiphytic bryophytes
Nagore G. Medina1, Vicente Mazimpaka1, Joaquín Hortal2 & Fran-
cisco Lara1
Knowledge on the diversity and distributions of the Iberian bryophytes has experienced
a remarkable progress in the last 45-50 years. As a consequence, the taxonomy of the Ibe-
rian bryophytes is relatively well known. However, regarding the distribution and abun-
dance of species across the territory large knowledge gaps exist to the point that the Ibe-
rian Peninsula can be considered under-surveyed. One of the most signi�icant constraints
to the accumulation of knowledge on the distribution and abundance of the species is the
spatial bias in the sampling effort. Overall, survey effort concentrates in montane areas
and/or singular sites while basal areas that are perceived as less attractive for specialists
receive much less attention.
The main objective of this work is to contribute to signi�icantly reduce the knowledge
gaps on the distribution of Iberian epiphytic bryophytes obtaining a balanced and repre-
sentative picture of the diversity patterns. The selected study area comprises more than
40000 km2 comprising a large part of the Tagus and Duero basins within the Spanish
territory. To select the sampling sites we applied a survey protocol based on a p-median
algorithm aimed at obtaining a good representation of the environmental and geogra-
phic variability of the study area. In this work, we present the results of the survey that
includes a catalogue of 89 bryophyte species including 9 liverworts and 80 mosses in
the 107 studied localities. Besides, we report more than 70 provincial novelties, most of
them located in the North Plateau, one of the least studied areas of the Iberian Peninsula.
Additionally, some of the species that accumulate the highest amount of novelties across
the territory are easy to identify and relatively common species. Altogether these results
highlight the importance of performing systematic survey campaigns aimed at represen-
ting the geographic and environmental variability of the territory and provide evidence
on the ef�iciency and usefulness of the protocol employed.
1
2
turales. Madrid
BC2.03
Biodiversity & Conservation Biodiversity & Conservation
25
Keeping up with the Bryophytes: richness, diver-
sity and threatened taxa patterns and conserva-
tion in headwater streams
Monteiro J & Vieira C
The relative importance of environmental factors affecting richness, diversity and threatened
richness of bryophytes across scales in headwater streams remains unclear, despite this
ecosystems sustaining one of the most unique and diverse bryophyte assemblages. In
Portugal, aquatic habitats in mountain environments are among the most vulnerable to
human pressures and many of the bryophytes correspond to nationally threatened species. In
this context, we aimed to (1) explore the richness, threat and diversity patterns of bryophyte
species assemblages at two different spatial scales and at three different levels of protection,
(2) assess the environmental factors (related to hydrogeomorphology, land use/vegetation
structure and human activity) that best explain these patterns, (3) explore the potential of
bryophytes community structure as an indicator of �luvial hydrogeomorphologic disturbance,
and (4) analyze data pertinent for �luvial monitoring and conservation.
The bryophyte survey was conducted on watercourses included mostly within areas with
a protection status (Natura 2000 Sites network and National Protected Areas). Sampling
was performed at two different spatial scales, with a total of 187 river segments and 835
microhabitats sampled. Species richness, threatened species richness and diversity at two
spatial scales were compared between different geographical locations and between levels
of protection, using the Kruskal–Wallis test. Partial least squares regressions were performed
to investigate which parameters maintain the most rich, threatened and diverse bryophyte
communities.
Richness in threatened species was signi�icantly higher in Arga mountain range, a small Natura
2000 Site with a strong Atlantic in�luence, which emerges as an Important Plant Area for the
conservation of bryophyte species and their unique �luvial microhabitats.
Bryophyte communities’ richness, diversity and threatened taxa occurrence at the segment
scale were positively in�luenced by increasing hydrogeomorphological quality, in particular
by the riparian vegetation structure quality and naturalness, heterogeneity of �luvial
morphodynamic habitats and substrate dimensions, water discharge and �low type. However,
at the microhabitat scale, high current velocities were related to lower values of species
richness, diversity and threatened richness, indicating that this variable constituted a physical
constraint to bryophyte assemblages. In this way we proved that there is an intricate link
between bryophytes and hydrogeomorphological integrity in headwater streams, making
them suitable indicators with relevant applications ecological monitoring, management and
conservation of �luvial ecosystems.
CIBIO - Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos & InBIO
ciado
BC2.04
Biodiversity & Conservation
26 LEGE Culture Collection and its cyanobacterial
diversity: strains data survey analysis highlights
the increasing importance of this biological re-
source
Ramos V 1,2, Morais J 2, Vasconcelos V 1,2
The Blue Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology group (CIIMAR, University of Porto) has undertaken
a process of organizing its cyanobacterial isolates by creating a culture collection. This led to the
recently membership of LEGE CC in the World Federation for Culture Collections (WFCC). The
collection is also part of the Research Infrastructure EMBRC.PT. At present it comprises more
than 350 different cyanobacterial strains, several of them unique among the (phylogenetic) di-
versity of the group. These isolates have been obtained since 1991, from samples collected in di-
fferent environments and locations mainly in Portugal (including Madeira and Azores Islands),
but also elsewhere (e.g. Australia, Brazil, Colombia, Morocco, Mexico). As in other collections
worldwide, LEGE CC seeks to provide starter cultures for a diverse range of aims (R&D, science
education & dissemination). In fact, this has being done with local, national and international
entities, under different types of partnerships. Several studies, most of them from BBE group’s
own research, have shown the potential or the effective capacity of different LEGE strains to
produce a myriad of chemical compounds, including toxins or newly discovered bioactive mole-
cules. Soon, a number of strains (at least three) will have their genomes sequenced and annota-
ted. Others studies revealed that some strains are phylogenetically distinct, and thus taxonomic
challenging.
In this work, while presenting the Culture Collection, the main �indings from a survey of pu-
blished and unpublished data available on the total LEGE strains are given. Results from this
meta-analysis are summarized and presented in a systematic manner, linking the phylogenetic
placement of our strains in the “cyanobacterial Tree of Life” (based on 16S rRNA gene sequen-
ces), along with relevant information retrieved from the data compilation process (i.e. mor-
phological features and identi�ication, geographic and ecological origin, ecophysiological data,
toxicity and bioactivity (bioassays, molecular, analytical) analyses performed; production/type
of secondary metabolite, publications, year of publication, etc.). It is believed that connecting
the phylogeny of each LEGE strain to the aforementioned data creates awareness and capture
interest of the scienti�ic community and of members of the general public, such as pharmaceuti-
cal and biotechnological enterprises. Finally, the online version (currently under construction)
of the collection (www.ciimar.up.pt/legeculturecollection) is presented.
1 Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto,
Portugal
2 Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Uni-
versity of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
BC2.05
Biodiversity & Conservation Biodiversity & Conservation
27
Limitaciones al establecimiento del liquen Pec-
tenia plumbea
Cardós JLH, Aragón G, Carreño F, Martínez I
Pectenia plumbea (Lightf.) P.M. Jørg. et al. es un cianoliquen epí�ito que aparece de forma
puntual y discontinua desde los encinares del Atlas hasta los bosques del norte de Norue-
ga. Su elevada sensibilidad a la in�luencia antrópica solo le permite desarrollarse bajo las
condiciones que proporciona un bosque ± maduro con cierto grado de conservación. En el
centro de la Península Ibérica, donde ha sido catalogada como vulnerable, se distribuye en
varias decenas de poblaciones, distantes entre sí y con un número de individuos que, en
ocasiones, no supera la decena. Partiendo de la existencia de un número elevado de zonas
próximas a las poblaciones, con un hábitat a priori favorable para su desarrollo, pero en las
que el liquen está ausente o es muy escaso, nos preguntamos acerca de las posibles limita-
ciones a la dispersión o al establecimiento que pudiese tener esta especie y que condicio-
nase la expansión de sus poblaciones y la colonización de nuevas áreas. En primer lugar se
modelizaron la presencia y la abundancia de la especie en 400 parcelas de 50x50 m elegidas
al azar en Montes de Toledo. Variables ambientales como la altitud y la precipitación, y de
fragmentación del hábitat, como la cantidad de área forestal y de borde, resultaron ser muy
importantes para el desarrollo de la especie. Los modelos fueron validados internamente
de forma exitosa mediante diferentes aproximaciones (“Area under the ROC curve” para la
presencia, y “bootstrapped cross validation” para la abundancia). Posteriormente fueron
extrapolados en 1200 parcelas del Parque Nacional de Cabañeros, seleccionadas al azar,
abarcando una mayor super�icie (42000 Ha), para las que se obtuvo un valor predicho de
abundancia y de probabilidad de presencia. Los modelos fueron comprobados en campo
para poder testar si las predicciones se correspondían con la realidad. Asumiendo como
valor límite de probabilidad de aparición 0.45, se maximiza el acierto de las predicciones
de presencia/ausencia en un valor muy alto (87,3% de los casos). La correspondencia en
las abundancias, es también alta (ρ de Spearman=0,67) y signi�icativa. Esto evidencia el ele-
vado poder predictivo de los modelos obtenidos, y que la especie ocupa en gran medida su
hábitat potencial. Por tanto, a escala de paisaje, parece que quedan descartados los proble-
mas dispersivos de la especie, y queda demostrado que la calidad del hábitat es la que está
condicionando su presencia y abundancia.
Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Facultad de
BC2.06
Biodiversity & Conservation
28 Líquenes en los cocones del karst del Parc del
Garraf (Catalunya)
Cera A1 & Gómez-Bolea A1,2
Los cocones son unos hoyos, en general poco profundos, que se generan por erosión de
la roca calcárea. Constituyen uno de los múltiples tipos de erosión que caracterizan el
exokarst del Garraf y son abundantes en las super�icies horizontales de las rocas cal-
cáreas.
Para los líquenes de este tipo de roca, los cocones constituyen un micro-nicho ecológico,
caracterizado por la retención de agua de lluvia y la acumulación de un sedimento enri-
quecido con excrementos y restos de animales.
Presentamos los resultados del muestreo de 6 cocones del Parc del Garraf (Catalunya), en
los que hemos diferenciado la parte exterior, la pared pendiente y la base.
Hemos identi�icado 20 especies que se engloban en 7 familias. La familia más represen-
tada es la de las verrucariáceas con los géneros Bagliettoa y Verrucaria, y la de las liqui-
náceas con los géneros Psorotichia, Thelochroa y Lempholemma.
La distribución estadística de los diferentes puntos de muestro, a partir de una matriz de
distancias de las especies, nos da dos grupos bien de�inidos y uno de transición.
El primer grupo ocuparía la parte superior de los cocones, constituido por 9 especies,
representa la comunidad típica de las super�icies horizontales de roca calcárea, de zonas
áridas y sin cobertura arbórea. Este grupo se caracteriza por la presencia dominante de
líquenes endolíticos y con alga cloro�ícea como fotobionte.
El segundo grupo, con 8 especies, lo encontramos en la base de los cocones y lo consti-
tuyen cianolíquenes, predominantemente micro-foliáceos y micro-fruticulosos. Este am-
biente se caracteriza por la presencia de un sedimento, provinente de la erosión de la
roca más la acumulación de restos de materia orgánica, que periódicamente se inunda
por agua de lluvia.
El grupo de transición, con 17 especies, lo encontramos entre la super�icie y la base de los
cocones, y su importancia varia en función de la anchura y pendiente del cocón.
1 Departament Biologia Vegetal (Unitat de Botànica) Facultat de Biologia, Univer-
sitat de Barcelona
2 Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio)
BC2.07
Biodiversity & Conservation
29
su supervivencia en plantaciones forestales
Cristina González-Montelongo & Israel Pérez-Vargas
Las Islas Canarias forman parte de la Región Macaronésica, incluida en uno de los 25 Pun-
tos Calientes de Biodiversidad del planeta o Hotspots (Myers et al., 2000). La biota liqué-
nica de Canarias es extremadamente rica, con más de 1500 especies citadas en apenas
7447 km2 (Hernández Padrón & Pérez-Vargas, 2010). Entre los diversos ecosistemas que
encontramos en el archipiélago, uno de los más característicos es el Monteverde, bosque
relíctico y endémico de la Región Macaronésica, hábitat prioritario de interés comunita-
rio (incluido en la Red Natura 2000) y con una super�icie total de 7052,6 hectáreas en el
archipiélago canario. Sin embargo, este bosque ha presentado grandes perturbaciones
en las últimas décadas. Se estima que en la actualidad sólo existe un 11.8% de su área
potencial (Del Arco et al. 2010). Entre las perturbaciones a las que ha sido sometido cabe
destacar la tala del bosque en pro del desarrollo de plantaciones forestales monoespecí-
�icas de Pinus radiata, Eucalyptus globulus y Castanea sativa, fundamentalmente.
El objetivo de nuestro proyecto es conocer si la composición liquénica epí�ita de estas
plantaciones forestales instaladas en áreas potenciales del Monteverde es similar a la
presente en el bosque nativo. Para ello se han realizado 5 parcelas de 100 m2 en cada uno
de los 4 ambientes estudiados a lo largo de la isla de Tenerife, siguiendo la metodología
propuesta por Asta et al. (2002a,b), con una serie de modi�icaciones con la �inalidad de
adaptar dicha metodología al medio insular. El material recolectado fue identi�icado en
el laboratorio a través de las técnicas habituales de Liquenología, y depositado en el Her-
bario de la Universidad de La Laguna (TFC-Lich).
Los resultados obtenidos tras el análisis estadístico de la composición de los distintos
ambientes (NMDS y ANOSIM) muestran diferencias signi�icativas entre los ambientes es-
tudiados. Las plantaciones forestales son mucho menos diversas que el bosque nativo y
además están caracterizadas principalmente por especies primocolonizadoras ligadas a
ambientes antropizados y eutro�izados, de amplia valencia ecológica y distribución mun-
dial.
Dpto. Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal. Universidad de La Laguna. Tenerife.
Islas Canarias.
BC2.08
Biodiversity & Conservation
30
semiacuáticos de los ríos de Castilla-La Mancha
Jose Luis Moreno1, Rosa María Ros2 y Laura Monteagudo1
1 Centro Regional de Estudios del Agua, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Alba-
cete.
2Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Universidad de Murcia
BC3.01
Biodiversity & Conservation
En este estudio se presentan los resultados obtenidos en los muestreos realizados du-
rante 11 años en los ríos de Castilla-La Mancha (período 2001-2011), como fruto de un
programa de monitoreo de macró�itos �luviales realizado en el contexto de aplicación de
la Directiva Marco del Agua. En 122 puntos de muestreo pertenecientes a las cuencas
del Tajo, Guadiana, Júcar, Segura y Guadalquivir, se recolectaron los brió�itos sumergidos
(acuáticos) y los distribuidos inmediatamente por encima de la super�icie de agua, los cua-
les viven principalmente emergidos pero toleran salpicaduras y períodos de inmersión
(semiacuáticos). En total, se registraron 43 taxones, de los cuales 40 se determinaron a
nivel de especie y 3 a nivel de género. Los brió�itos estrictamente acuáticos más frecuen-
tes fueron Pellia endiviifolia Dicks.) Dumort., Rhynchostegium riparioides (Hedw.) Cardot,
Hydrogonium orientale (F. Weber) J. Kučera., Fontinalis hypnoides var. duriaei (Schimp.)
Kindb., Fissidens crassipes Wilson ex Bruch & Schimp subsp. crassipes y Leptodictyum ri-
parium (Hedw.) Warnst., mientras que los brió�itos semiacuáticos más ampliamente dis-
tribuidos fueron Didymodon tophaceus (Brid.) Lisa, Cratoneuron �ilicinum (Hedw.) Spruce
y Palustriella commutata (Hedw.) Ochyra. Siguiendo la tipología de ríos o�icial a efectos
de aplicación de la Directiva Marco del Agua, la mayor riqueza de especies fue registrada
en “Ríos de montaña mediterránea calcárea” y “Ejes mediterráneo-continentales mine-
ralizados”, principalmente en ríos con valores altos de conductividad y pH, así como en
un amplio rango de condiciones tró�icas. Finalmente, se realizó un análisis de los factores
ambientales que más in�luyeron en la riqueza y la composición de las comunidades de
brió�itos, y se discute su posible uso como indicadores de calidad del agua.
31
Meloneis (Rhaphoneidaceae, Fragilariophy-
ceae), nuevas y raras diatomeas asociadas a
praderas de Cymodocea nodosa (Ucria) Ascher-
son
Ojeda Rodríguez, A., Soler Onís, E. y Fernández Zabala, J.
Palmas de Gran Canaria. Muelle de Taliarte s/n. 35214 Telde. Gran Canaria. Espa-
ña
BC3.02
Biodiversity & Conservation
Los estudios sobre diatomeas bentónicas en ambientes de praderas de fanerógamas ma-
rinas sugieren la existencia de una taxo-cenosis rica y diversa prácticamente desconoci-
da en la región Macaronésica. Los trabajos realizados en cinco praderas de fanerógamas
marinas de Cymodocea nodosa (Ucria) Ascherson afectadas por crecimientos masivos de
Lyngbya majuscula Harvey ex Gomont (Cyanophyta) en las islas de Gran Canaria y Fuer-
teventura durante el verano y otoño de 2014, han revelado una gran diversidad de espe-
cies de microalgas y cianobacterias bentónicas y ticoplanctónicas asociada a estas.
Se han identi�icado un total de 180 taxa mediante microscopía óptica y electrónica de
barrido cuyos phyla mayoritarios corresponden a Ochrophyta (diatomeas), Cyanophyta
y Dinophyta. En este trabajo se presentan 3 especies nuevas de diatomeas del género Me-
loneis I. Louvrou, D.B. Danielidis & A.Economou-Amilli hasta ahora asociado a ambientes
de aguas marinas hidrotermales.
La cantidad de nuevos registros identi�icados en este trabajo a partir de 45 muestras en-
fatiza la necesidad de continuar e intensi�icar el estudio de las diatomeas bentónicas de
las praderas de fanerógamas marinas de Canarias.
32 Una oportunidad para una Lista de Algas Ben-
Gallardo T.1, Bárbara I.2, Afonso-Carrillo J.3, Bermejo R.4, Altami-
nano M.5, Gómez Garreta A.6, Ballesteros E.7, Barceló Martí M.C.6,
Rull Lluch J.6
1Departamento de Biología Vegetal I, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complu-
tense de Madrid.
2Departamento de Biología Animal, Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Uni-
versidad de Coruña.
3Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Farmacia,
Universidad de La Laguna.
4Departamento de Biología (Área de Ecología), Facultad de Ciencias de Mar y Am-
bientales, Universidad de Cádiz.
5Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Botánica), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad
de Málaga.
6Laboratori de Botànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona.
7Centre d’Estudis Avancats de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Blanes.
En 2012 responsables del Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medioambiente de España (MA-
GRAMA) a través de su División para la Protección del Mar, se pusieron en contacto con la Sociedad
Española de Ficología (SEF), solicitando su colaboración en la elaboración de la denominada Lista Pa-
trón de las Especies Marinas Presentes en España, elemento básico de la Ley 41/2010 de Protección del
Medio Marino. En diciembre 2012 se entregaron tres listas iniciales (una por territorio) y en febrero de
2013 se uni�icó la información en una lista conjunta.
Fue en octubre de 2014 cuando se concretó por parte del MAGRAMA las características de dicha Lista
Patrón, con la intención de que fuera publicada a �inales de 2015. El compromiso de la SEF y de algunos
de su miembros, fue el de participar de manera desinteresada en la elaboración de la parte de la Lista
correspondiente a las algas bentónicas y fanerógamas marinas españolas. Esta participación represen-
taba una buena oportunidad para realizar una lista actualizada y consensuada de las algas de nuestras
costas.
Siguiendo las normas generales de presentación de la Lista Patrón, el catálogo de las algas se ha realiza-
do considerando las costas Peninsulares y las Islas Canarias subdivididas en cinco sectores, siguiendo
la nomenclatura de la Directiva Marco de Estrategia Marina de la UE, que considera cinco Demarca-
ciones Marinas: Noratlántica, Sudatlántica, Estrecho-Alborán, Levantino-Balear y Canaria. La Lista se
ha estructurado siguiendo los criterios sistemáticos y taxonómicos de la base de datos ALGAEBASE,
ampliamente aceptados en la actualidad. Se han catalogado las especies y taxones subespecí�icos (sub-
especies, variedades y formas) citados para nuestras costas, indicando su presencia en cada una de las
Demarcaciones Marinas, con una “P” si la especie está presente, “SD” si no se tienen datos que corrobo-
ren su localización pero con presencia probable, si ha sido citada en las proximidades de las costas de la
demarcación. En el catálogo consideramos de interés añadir algunas particularidades de estos taxones,
como es la indicación de la localidad tipo (si se encuentra en nuestras costas), si es endémico o presenta
área restringida y, si debería tener algún grado de protección. Se indican, también, las referencias biblio-
grá�icas que soportan los datos incluidos en la Lista.
BC4.01
Biodiversity & Conservation
33
para naturalizar estanques en la ciudad de Bar-
celona
Flor Arnau N.1, Chesa Marro M.J.2, Cambra J.1, Vegas E.3
1Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Barcelo-
na. Av. Diagonal, 643. 08028 Barcelona.
2BCASA, Medio Ambiente y Servicios Urbanos - Hábitat Urbano, Ayuntamiento de
3Departamento de Estadística, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Barcelona. Av.
Diagonal, 643. 08028 Barcelona. evegas@ub.edu
Las fuentes ornamentales, además de constituir un elemento artístico y estético en las ciuda-
des, pueden contribuir a incrementar la biodiversidad urbana y las ventajas que este hecho
lleva consigo. En los últimos años, el criterio higienista y de salud ha hecho que la mayoría de
ciudades aborde este tema como una amenaza para la ciudadanía, derivada de la problemática
de la Legionella y del mosquito tigre. Este hecho ha provocado que muchas balsas y estanques
que antaño alojaban una gran diversidad biológica, se empobreciesen debido a los tratamientos
desinfectantes para tratar de eliminar estos organismos.
El principal objetivo de este trabajo ha sido abordar la introducción de algas caráceas para na-
turalizar láminas de agua, puesto que se ha observado que donde están presentes se consigue:
1) mejorar notablemente el grado de transparencia del agua, 2) disminuir la aparición de algas
�ilamentosas y larvas de mosquitos y 3) obtener un ecosistema diverso, maduro y en equilibrio.
Para ello se llevó a cabo un experimento anual de plantación de dos especies de algas caráceas
(Chara vulgaris y Chara globularis) en sistemas acuáticos de la ciudad afectados por diferente
grado de presión antrópica. Las porciones seleccionadas de cada especie se plantaron en vasos
de plástico, para posibilitar así la mejor toma de medidas (altura) y observaciones quincenales
(aparición de estructuras reproductivas i oósporas). Paralelamente, se dispuso de datos �isi-
coquímicos también quincenales (temperatura, pH, oxígeno disuelto, conductividad, nitratos y
fosfatos).
Gracias a la gran capacidad de adaptación de las dos especies de estudio, éstas lograron crecer y
reproducirse en todas las condiciones ambientales, por lo que sería factible su introducción en
un amplio espectro de ambientes urbanos. Sin embargo, se observaron diferentes estrategias de
desarrollo según la especie. Así, mientras Ch. vulgaris invirtió los recursos energéticos en repro-
ducirse, Ch. globularis los invirtió en un rápido y elevado crecimiento vegetativo y se reprodujo
más tarde. De esta manera, Ch. vulgaris actuó enriqueciendo el banco de semillas y Ch. globu-
laris, por formar rápidamente una red enmarañada y ser apenas consumida por los herbívoros
introducidos, actuó como especie facilitadora del enraizamiento de la primera.
Con esta información se podría diseñar la introducción de poblaciones mixtas, muy frecuentes
en la naturaleza, para aumentar sus posibilidades de éxito y perdurabilidad.
BC4.02
Biodiversity & Conservation
34 Where the wild things are: is the higher taxa
approach an effective method for selecting
important areas for bryophyte conservation?
Alves C.1*, Vieira C.1, Sérgio C.2, Garcia C.2,Stow S.3,4, Hespanhol H.1
1 CIBIO/InBio, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da
Portugal
2 Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c).
3 The Natural History Museum, Life Sciences Department, Plants Division, Cromwell
Road, London SW7 5BD, UK.
4 The Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and
Conservation, Marlowe Building, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NR,
UK.
Surrogates have been used as a support for conservation practices, since they are easier
to assess and less time consuming than collecting species-level data. One of these surro-
gates is the “higher taxa approach”, i.e., the use of data with coarser taxonomic resolution
than the species level, such as genus and family levels, as a surrogate for total species
richness.
The aim of this work was to test if higher taxa (Genera) could be used in the selection
of important areas for bryophyte conservation, using three different methological ap-
proaches: Scoring, Important Plant Areas and Complementarity-based approach. We tes-
ted these approaches in a protected area, the Peneda-Gerês National Park, one of the best
studied areas in Portugal for bryophytes and one of the �irst areas in the country with
bryophyte collections. The knowledge of bryophyte distribution in this National Park has
been increasing and distribution maps and detailed species lists were recently published,
so we thought it would be a good area to test if the higher taxa approach is an effective
method for selecting important areas for bryophyte conservation.
Our results showed that localities were ranked in a similar way using species or genera
data, regardless of the methodology used. The complementarity-based approach in com-
parison with other methodologies protected a higher percentage of bryophyte species.
In general, the three approaches identi�ied the same areas as important areas for bryo-
phyte conservation. Therefore, for the studied area and independently of the approach
used, genera could be used in the selection of important areas for bryophyte conserva-
tion.
BC4.03
Biodiversity & Conservation
35
de molusco terrestre (Geomalacus maculosus):
contributos para a conservação de micro-comu-
cas
Santos M.1, Rodrigues S.1; Machado M.1, Hespanhol H.2; Vieira C.2;
Marques J.2 y Cabral J.A.1,
1
toriais B1, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Apartado 1013, 5001-
801,Vila Real.
2 Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos (CIBIO) & Rede
de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Biologia Evolutiva (InBIO), Vairão, Portugal.
A conservação da biodiversidade requer ecossistemas estruturalmente complexos e funcionais ao nível dos
macro-habitats e micro-habitats. Na realidade a fragmentação, degradação e perda de habitat são também
as principais causas da degradação da biodiversidade nas micro-comunidades biológicas ao nível global.
Este trabalho pretende demonstrar aplicação de duas metodologias complementares de modelação de mi-
cro-habitats dominados por criptogâmicas,visando contribuir para estimar de que forma estas comunida-
des poderão ser modi�icadas por alterações ambientais, utilizando como espécie indicadora do seu estado
de conservação a presença, abundância e atividade do molusco terrestre Geomalacus maculosus. Esta espé-
cie poderá funcionar como indicador ecológico de integridade destes sistemas, já que se encontra associada
a condições ambientais muito especí�icas, nomeadamente de clima e de micro-habitats.
Para desenvolver os modelos, foram utilizados dados recolhidos entre Julho de 2011 e Junho de 2012 na
localidade de Borbela, freguesia do concelho de Vila Real. Ao longo deste período foram realizadas saídas
de campo associados a cada um dos objetivos do trabalho: contagem de indivíduos por unidade de área ao
longo de 6 segmentos de um muro de granito e registo do comportamento de indivíduos em 2 segmentos
do mesmo muro. Adicionalmente foram efetuados levantamentos das características do micro-habitat e
condições climáticas.
Para avaliar o impacto de alterações climáticas nas comunidades criptogâmicas através da densidade da G.
maculosus, foi utilizada uma abordagem holística baseada na metodologia estocástico-dinâmica (StDM),
que permitiu simular as alterações e interações entre estes componentes e prever alterações de integridade
destes sistemas. Foi ainda construído um modelo reducionista baseado em agentes (Agent Based Modeling
– ABM), capaz de recriar a atividade de Geomalacus maculosus num ambiente virtual réplica dos micro-
habiats observados, e assim analisar os padrões de utilização do espaço e características comportamentais
da espécie em condições ambientais diferentes, permitindo explicar os padrões simulados no modelo ho-
lístico StDM.
Os resultados observados permitem perceber as alterações potenciais que poderão ocorrer nos micro-ha-
bitats e sua in�luência sobre a integridade de micro-comunidades. As metodologias empregues neste caso
de estudo demonstram ainda o enorme potencial que poderão ter para serem aplicadas como ferramentas
de gestão e conservação de micro-comunidades e das espécies ameaçadas associadas.
BC5.01
Biodiversity & Conservation
36
Buxbaumia viridis en el Pirineo
Infante Sánchez, M.1, 2, Heras Pérez, P.1
1 Museo de Ciencias Naturales de Álava, Vitoria-Gasteiz, España
2 Conservatoire Botanique National des Pyrénées et Midi-Pyrénées, Bagnères-de-
Bigorre, Hautes-Pyrénées, France.
Tradicionalmente se ha considerado el consumo de brió�itos por animales como un hecho
raro y cuantitativamente poco importante, en especial porque se dudaba de su digestibi-
lidad. Se presentan evidencias del consumo por parte de limacos de cápsulas inmaduras
de Buxbaumia viridis (Moug. ex Lam. & DC) Brid. ex Moug. & Nestl. en el Pirineo.
Buxbaumia viridis es un brió�ito excepcional en el que el gametó�ito esta reducido a la mí-
nima expresión, mientras que sus esporó�itos son relativamente grandes, presentes a lo
largo de todo el año en sus diferentes estadios fenológicos. En el Pirineo, donde la especie
está presente en bosques húmedos, particularmente en abetales o abetales-hayedos; es
en primavera cuando la cápsula �inalmente madura, perdiendo su color verde invernal.
Es precisamente en primavera cuando se ha detectado herbivoría sobre estas cápsulas
jóvenes, siendo las lesiones observadas principalmente de dos tipos:
- Setas cortadas, donde falta la cápsula por completo, cuyo depredador no ha sido iden-
ti�icado.
- Cápsulas rasgadas y vaciadas, es el caso más común, en ocasiones sólo queda parte de la
cutícula y a menudo sólo en la base de la cápsula. El depredador en estos casos son lima-
cos juveniles (género Arion), lo que ha sido observado in situ en dos ocasiones. El animal
rasga la cápsula con su rádula y va extrayendo del interior la masa esporal.
Entre los años 1999-2014, se han visitado 40 localidades con poblaciones de Buxbaumia
viridis, situadas en Navarra y Huesca en la vertiente sur del Pirineo, y en Pyrénées-Atlan-
tiques y Hautes-Pyrénées en la vertiente norte, con el objetivo de estimar el número de
individuos. Las visitas se realizaron entre mediados de mayo hasta mediados de julio, en
el momento de maduración de las cápsulas. Se han detectado consumos de cápsulas de B.
viridis en 28 de estas localidades (70%) con lo que puede decirse que este consumo no es
accidental. En cuanto a la dimensión del consumo, 10 localidades mostraban un consumo
inferior al 20% del número total de esporó�itos contabilizados, 14 un consumo medio
entre el 21 y el 59%, y 4 de ellas superaban el 60% de esporó�itos consumidos.
BC5.02
Biodiversity & Conservation
37
comunidades liquénicas y el comportamiento
Vargas A. 1, Miñarro A. 2, Gómez-Bolea A. 1
1 Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Unidad de Botánica), Universidad de Barce-
lona, Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, España.
2 Departamento de Estadística, Universidad de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 643,
08028 Barcelona, España.
La �itosociología clásica (Braun-Blanquet, 1979), más o menos adaptada por los liquenólogos, se ha
usado para la descripción de las comunidades liquénicas con mayor o menor éxito. En los últimos
años este campo de investigación no ha tenido más avances, en parte quizás por la di�icultad para
identi�icación de las especies y por la gran inversión de tiempo necesaria.
A partir del análisis de los diferentes tipos de contacto entre especies, dentro de una misma comu-
nidad, nos proponemos interpretar la sociabilidad de las especies y evaluar la utilidad de esta in-
formación para caracterizar comunidades liquénicas. Para ello hemos estudiado dos comunidades
colonizadoras, nitró�ilas, de 25 años de antigüedad, que se han establecido sobre madera, una en
orientación norte y otra sur (un total de 314 cm2). Los tipos de contacto los hemos de�inido a partir
de la propuesta modi�icada de Armstrong & Welch (2007). Más allá de la estadística descriptiva he-
mos realizado sendos análisis de correspondencias (Benzecri J., 1973) sobre tablas de frecuencias de
los diferentes tipos de contacto para cada especie. Esto nos permitirá hacer una representación en
dimensión reducida y de forma simultánea de las especies y los tipos de contacto, con el objetivo de
poder visualizar asociaciones entre ambos factores que nos permitan explicar el comportamiento de
estas comunidades.
Resumen:
Recubrimiento (%): Norte -44,09/Sur- 10,09
N° de especies: Norte-16/Sur-13
N° de talos: Norte-1070/ Sur-786
Tipo de Contacto
Tregua (%): Norte-23,53/Sur-21,43
Aislado (%): Norte-16,17/Sur-16,1
Recolonizador (%): Norte-13,24/Sur-16,1
En el nacimiento de la comunidad, los talos buscan colonizar los espacios disponibles y crecer (con-
tacto aislado), pre�ieren hacerse un lugar en el sustrato sin encontrar competencia directa con los
otros talos que van constituyendo la comunidad. A medida que la distancia entre los talos vecinos se
acorta, el tipo de contacto inicial cambia, hacia nuevos tipos de contacto entre talos vecinos cada vez
más próximos (contacto tregua), la aparición de los distintos tipos de contacto que surjan determina-
ra las tácticas de cada especie para lograr seguir formando parte de la comunidad y en la búsqueda
de una convivencia armoniosa con sus vecinos (contacto recolonizador). La dinámica de maduración
de la comunidad, está condicionado por factores intrínsecos, como la tasa de crecimiento especí�ico,
y por factores extrínsecos como la disponibilidad hídrica entre los más importantes dentro del mi-
croclima.
BC5.03
Biodiversity & Conservation
38 Phymatolithon calcareum in maerl beds from
microsatellite study reveal considerable clona-
lity
Pardo C.1, Peña V.1, Bárbara I.1, Valero M.2 & Barreiro R.1
1 BioCost Research Group, Departamento de Bioloxía Animal, Bioloxía Vexetal e
Ecoloxía, Facultade de Ciencias S/N, Campus de A Coruña, Universidade da Coru-
ña, CP 15071-A Coruña, Spain
2 CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris 06, UMI EBEA 3614, Evolu-
tionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, PUCCh, UACH Station Biologique de Roscoff,
Place Georges Teissier, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff Cedex, France.
Maerl beds are widespread accumulations of slow-growing, unattached non-geniculate
red algae that build habitats harbouring a high biodiversity of species. Within Atlantic
Europe, the British Isles, Brittany and Galicia are regions with abundant maerl beds;
however, several studies have warned about their reduction in extent and quality. Cu-
rrently, appropriate management of maerl beds is lacking mainly because of incomplete
knowledge about the diversity and connectivity of maerl-forming species. Here, we show
the �irst species-speci�ic microsatellite study on the genetic diversity and structure of a
major maerl-forming species in Atlantic Europe: Phymatolithon calcareum (Pallas) W. H.
Adey & D. L. McKibbin. Fourteen maerl beds from the British Isles to south Portugal were
studied. Our sampling plan also included a more detailed regional-scale study in the rías
of Galicia (North-West Spain). Our data show a high level of clonality in P. calcareum, but
variable among beds even within the same region. Genetic diversity was low but popula-
tions were highly differentiated even at regional-scale. These results may have profound
implications for the conservation and management of P. calcareum and the whole maerl
community. Once disturbed/destroyed, the unaided recovery of genetic diversity in an
impacted maerl bed seems unlikely due to the restricted connectivity between beds re-
vealed by our data.
Financial support: Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación of Spain (CTM2010-18787, partially co-founded
by FEDER, Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional) and Xunta de Galicia (10MMA103003PR). Some
samples were collected with support of an EC-Research Infrastructure Action (ASSEMBLE grant agree-
ment no.227799). Cristina Pardo acknowledges �inancial support by Spain’s Ministerio de Educación
(Programa FPU, 2010).
BC5.04
Biodiversity & Conservation
39
Produção de túberas (Terfezia spp.)– Novas es-
pécies para Portugal
Louro R.1, Pereira I.1, Peixe A.1, Morte A.2, Santos-Silva C.1
1
Évora, Apartado 94, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal
2 Dpto. Biología Vegetal (Botánica), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia,
Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
A produtividade das túberas (Terfezia spp.) está condicionada por diversos fatores, dos
quais importa destacar: existência da planta hospedeira, existência de inóculo su�iciente,
o regime hídrico anual e a capacidade de recolha no terreno.
Atualmente, a maioria dos proprietários de áreas produtoras de túberas não exploram
este recurso, ocorrendo a recolha desregrada por terceiros para consumo próprio ou
venda clandestina para o sector restauração. Acresce que o produto carece de certi�i-
cação alimentar.
O cultivo de túberas é uma atividade que não implica a mobilização do solo, dado que
esta pode romper a ligação entre o sistema radicular e o fungo simbionte e reduzir a taxa
de colonização devido à destruição do micélio extra-radicular. A médio e longo prazo, as
condições de estrutura e fertilidade do solo vão melhorando até atingirem o patamar de
estabilidade próprio do sistema, com efeitos bené�icos na manutenção da biodiversidade.
No presente trabalho desenvolveu-se a tecnologia associada à obtenção de plantas mico-
rrizadas com Terfezia spp. e adicionalmente pretendeu-se con�irmar quais as espécies de
Terfezia que ocorrem espontaneamente em Portugal.
BC5.05
Biodiversity & Conservation
40
croecological patterns along elevation transects
across archipelagos
Gabriel R.1, Bardat J.2, Flores O.3, Gozalez Mancebo J.4, Hedderson
T.5, Strasberg D.6, Aranda S.C.7, Coelho M.C.M.1, Henriques D.S.G.1,
Hernandez Hernandez R.4, Lovanomanjanahary M.5, Wilding N.5,
Ah-Peng C.5,6
1 cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes /Azorean Biodiversity Group and Uni-
versidade dos Açores, Angra do Heroísmo & Ponta Delgada, Açores, Portugal, e-mail: rgabriel@uac.pt
2 Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Département Systématique et Evolution, UMR CNRS-7205, 57
Rue Cuvier, B.P.39. 75 231 Paris Cedex 05, France
3 CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, Pôle de Protection des Plantes, 7 Chemin de l’Irat. 97410 Saint-Pierre, France
Spain
5 University of Cape Town, Biological Sciences Dep., Private Bag X3. 7701 Rondebosch, South Africa
6 Université de La Réunion, UMR PVBMT, 15 Avenue René Cassin. 97715 Saint-Denis, Réunion, France
7 Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, C/José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2. 28006 Madrid, Spain
It is reasonably asserted that global change will impact Earth differently, with more threatening effects
on the most vulnerable areas, such as islands, humid zones, forests or mountains. Each one of these
ecosystems is subject to a different group of stresses; however, they all need to be thoroughly inves-
tigated and model organisms, such as bryophytes, may contribute to the production of well-adjusted
restoration and management plans, while their study increases the knowledge regarding the biology,
physiology and ecology of species, either common or conservation concern.
Project MOVECLIM (Montane vegetation as listening posts for climate change) intends to investigate
spatial changes in diversity for bryophytes and ferns along altitudinal transects in four oceanic (La Pal-
ma, La Réunion, Pico, Terceira) and one continental island (Madagascar). Elevational gradients repre-
sent unique landscape-scale experiments to describe biodiversity patterns and to study responses of
biota to climate change. Epiphytic bryophytes were selected because they are a diverse group in tropical
and subtropical ecosystems, although poorly studied due to their challenging taxonomy.
This presentation’s research questions are: (1) How are the bryophyte’ communities structured at diffe-
rent spatial scales in each island? (2) Are the diversity patterns across islands congruent or idiosyncra-
tic? (3) What is the relative contribution of different factors in shaping the species richness distribution
patterns (geometric constraints, climate, area, maximum elevation)?
A homogeneous hierarchical sampling strategy for each transect was accomplished setting up, at 200 m
elevation intervals, two permanent plots (100 m2) and, when possible, climatic sensors. All plots were
set up in native vegetation, mostly forests.
This methodology, used across a latitudinal gradient, for ecologically relevant, spore producing plants,
has ecological implications to the understanding of insular community assemblages, scale effect and
elevational shifts under a changing environment.
With this project we aim to contribute to the CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity) Aichi Biodiversi-
ty Targets, and to foster the understanding of community assemblages, scale effect and elevation shifts
under a changing environment.
BC5.06
Biodiversity & Conservation
41
Saxicolous lichen diversity in a complex lands-
cape in NE Iberian Peninsula
Llop E.1, Roux C.2, Llimona X.1
1 Dpt. Biologia Vegetal-Botànica, Universitat de Barcelona (Spain)
2 Maribaux (France)
With the collaboration of Pere Navarro-Rosinés & Antonio Gómez-Bolea (Universitat de
Barcelona), Ester Gaya (Royal Botanical Gardens, UK) and Samanta Fernández-Brime
(Naturhistoriska riksmuseet, Sweden).
The county of La Garrotxa (NE Iberian Peninsula) hosts a complex geological landscape
due to the volcanic activity in the Holocen, about 17000-15000 years B.P. Those igneous
rocks appeared in the middle of a region dominated by sedimentary rocks from different
origins and characteristics (limestone, sandstone, schist). The availability of such a litho-
logical diversity has lead to colonization by a rich lichen biota.
A survey on 36 sites, including most of available lithological substrates, has provided a
catalogue of 273 taxa. 50 taxa were terricolous species growing on the soil accumulated
on top of stones or �illing crevices and cracks. Among the saxicolus species, 12 can be
considered as ubiquitous species, mainly growing on bark, but also colonizing stone sur-
faces. 211 species are considered strictly saxicolous.
Species composition differs dramatically between those communities growing on volca-
nic rocks from those colonizing sedimentary stones. Moreover, speci�ic composition of
lichen communities varies depending on the type of sedimentary stones.
Analyses on the abundance of functional traits and species richness between sites, con-
sidering the substrate, have re�lected some differences on few traits. Communities are
dominated by crustose thalli; however, endolithic thalli have an important role on limes-
tone, but being almost absent on volcanic stones. The most abundant photobiont is a tre-
bouxioid alga; otherwise, trentepohlioid algae and cyanobacteria are rare. Nevertheless,
some species with fruticose thallus and cyanobacteria as a photobiont are well represen-
ted on limestones. The functional trait showing a clear pattern is the preference on pH
of substrate. Acidophilous and neutrophilous species are almost restricted to igneous
stones, while basophilous species are the dominant group on calcareous sandstone and
limestone. Nonetheless, sandstone occasionally hosts neutrophilous and acidophilous
species, colonizing siliceous pebbles dispersed in the calcareous cement. The abundance
of species tolerating heavy disturbances ranges between the 20% and 40%, and is higher
on sandstone than other rocks; otherwise, abundance decreases in Eocene limestone,
representing less than 20%.
BC5.07
Biodiversity & Conservation
42 The new World Checklist of Hornworts and Li-
verworts
Lars Söderström1, Matt von Konrat2 & Anders Hagborg2
1 Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
2 The Field Museum, Chicago, USA.
A new checklist for all known and recognized hornworts and liverworts of the world
has been compiled (Söderström et al. 2015). The aim has been to provide a standard list
of existing taxa and to harmonize the nomenclature and taxonomy. It is a cooperation
between over 40 bryologists worldwide over the last 6 years. Prior to the publication,
several nomenclatural and taxonomic problems have been solved and published in 75
notes as open access in the journal Phytotaxa. This has led to several name changes based
on recent studies (both morphological and molecular studies) and corrections of names
not conforming to the requirements for the Botanical Code. Currently we recognize 7454
species in 398 genera, 92 families, 20 orders, 7 classes and 2 phyla. There are in addition
over 500 notes on taxonomy and nomenclature of individual taxa. All protologues, both
of accepted names and their basionyms, are checked and cited, resulting in a reference
list of 3088 references. Some of the major nomenclatural changes will be enumerated
and discussed here.
BC5.08
Biodiversity & Conservation
43
bution
Muñoz Triviño M.1, Maya Manzano J.M.1, Fernández Rodríguez S.1,
Silva Palacios I.1, Gonzalo Garijo A.2, Tormo Molina R.1
1 University of Extremadura (Spain)
2
Introduction. Badajoz is located in the SW of Spain, close to Guadiana river. The main land
uses some km around the location were irrigated crops, cereal crops and grassland pastu-
res from green oaks dehesa. The aims of this work were to know the seasonal distribution
of airborne fungal propagules for one year and analyses rain and temperature as the main
in�luencing factors.
Material and Methods. Sampling was performed from April 2009 to March 2010 in Badajoz
(SW of Spain). Air was aerobiological monitored with a Hirst spore trap 127 days distributed
along the period studied. Petrolatum white was used as adhesive. Spore was identi�ied and
counted at 1000x magni�ication with one or two horizontal scans in the center of the slide.
Data were provided as daily or hourly spores concentration per cubic meter. Weather data
were provided by a meteorological station close to the spore trap.
Results. 86 spore types were identi�ied including hyphae as propagules. Average spore con-
centration was 3634 spores/m3. Maximum values were reached on October 17th with 25603
spores/m3. 39 spore types reached average levels above 10 spores/m3. Twelve spore types
or propagules represented more than 80% of total, in order with average concentration in
spores/m3: Cladosporium cladosporioides (1565), Cladosporium herbarum (278), Ustilago
maydis (170), Ustilago cynodontis (150), Colletotrichum (147), basidiospores no speci�ied
(126), Aspergillus-Penicillium (107), Mycosphaerella (92), hyphae (90), hyaline Leptosphae-
ria (78), Amanita (56) and Alternaria (49). Maximum concentration was reached in Octo-
ber due to Cladosporium cladosporioides mainly, nevertheless other fungal types reached
maximum in June (Cladosporium herbarum), May (both Ustilago types) or August (hyphae).
Total rain for the period studied was 781.4 mm, nearly twice as normal values, nevertheless
nearly half of the rain appeared in winter.
Conclusions. Airborne fungal propagules at Badajoz were dominated by Cladosporium cla-
dosporioides type that represented more than 40% of total reaching maximum values in au-
tumn. In Spring Ustilago teliospores showed their maximum concentration and in summer a
reduction in Alternaria and other basidiospores was appeared. Rain may play a relevant role
for some spore types nevertheless temperature was a general more restrictive factor, both
with low and very high values reducing spore concentration.
BEM1.01
Bioindicators and Environmental Management
44 Airborne fungal spores in Payerne (Switzerland)
1 University of Extremadura (Spain)
2
3 Department of Chemistry, University College Cork, Ireland
Introduction. Fungal propagules in the air are present along the year with seasonal pat-
tern depending on weather parameters. Their importance lies in relation to allergy and
phytopathology. Aims of this work was to provide �irst estimation of airborne fungal con-
centrations in Payerne (Western Switzerland).
Material and Methods. Sampling was performed in 2013, between March 3rd and August
8th. A Hirst volumetric spore trap was used; it was located on the roof of the MeteoSwiss
two-storey building in Payerne (Switzerland), a rural site. The adhesive used was silicon.
Spore count was performed at x1000 magni�ication with one horizontal (longitudinal)
transect in the center of the slide. Data were provided as daily or hourly spores concen-
trations per cubic meter.
Results. 66 spore types were identi�ied. Average spore concentration on the whole pe-
riod was 4146 spores/m3. Maximum values were reached on July 19th (26109 spores/
m3) and on August 6th (24708 spores/m3). 26 spore types reached average levels above
10 spores/m3. Five spore types represented more than 80% of total, by order of average
concentration [spores/m3]: Cladosporium herbarum (1941), Cladosporium cladosporioi-
des (809), Coprinus (208), Venturia (183), Leptosphaeria (128) and Ganoderma (106).
These spores reached their maximum concentrations in summer; nevertheless for Ven-
turia and Leptosphaeria some very high values were reached only a few days. Other spo-
re types, although with lower average values for the whole period, reached signi�icant
values in summer, such as Alternaria with frequent daily values around 50 spores/m3
and Chaetomium with a peak of 240 spores/m3 on July 13th. In spring Dyatrypaceae is
noticeable with the highest values in march (103 spores/m3).
Conclusions. Airborne fungal propagules in Payerne showed a seasonal pattern, increa-
sing from low values in late-winter to maximum ones in summer. Levels above 5000
spores/m3 were constant in summer from mid-June. Conidia from Cladosporium species
were the most frequent and they determined the maximum peak of total concentration,
followed by basidiospores from Coprinus and Ganoderma, and ascospores from Venturia
and Leptosphaeria. Alternaria conidia were concentrated mainly in summer.
Fernández Rodríguez S.1, Tormo Molina R.1, Lemonis N.2, Clot B.2,
O’Connor D.J.3 , Sodeau J.R.3
BEM1.02
Bioindicators and Environmental Management
45
Airborne spores of Alternaria in three cities of
Extremadura (SW Spain) and different factors
Maya Manzano J.M.1,Muñoz Triviño M.1, Silva Palacios I.1, Gonza-
lo Garijo A.2
1 University of Extremadura (Spain)
2
Introduction. The genus Alternaria is recognized as important pathogen in plants, and Al-
ternaria allergens are one of the most important causes of respiratory allergic disease in
Europe. Extremadura is a region located in the SW of Spain; it has an extensive territory with
many different landscapes. The aims of this work were to know the seasonal distribution
of airborne fungal spores of Alternaria for three years in three cities of Extremadura, and
analyze the main in�luencing factors, like weather and land uses.
Material and Methods. Sampling was taken from March 2011 to December 2013 in Don Be-
nito, Plasencia and Zafra. A Hirst spore trap was used of a continuous way. Spores were iden-
ti�ied and counted at x400 microscopic optical magni�ication with two longitudinal scans in
the centre of the microscopic slide. Data were provided as daily or hourly spores’ concen-
tration per cubic meter. The main land uses some km around the cities were irrigated crops,
cereal crops and grassland pastures in Don Benito, oaks forests and olive crops in Plasencia,
and oak forests, grassland pastures and olive crops in Zafra. Weather data were provided by
a meteorological station close to the spore traps. Non parametric correlations (Spearman
test) were used to compare with weather parameters. Wind direction in�luence and their
relationships with land uses were analyzed using a GIS program.
Results. Alternaria concentrations were higher in Don Benito (35.7 spores/m3), followed by
Zafra (17.5 spores/m3) and the lowest concentrations in Plasencia (11.4 spores/m3). Con-
centrations decreased year to year, probably due to the increase of rain and decrease of tem-
perature. Maximum monthly average values were recorded in September and October (Don
Benito and Plasencia) or during May and June (in the case of Zafra). With respect to analysis
with daily weather parameters, statistically signi�icant correlations appeared in 51 cases out
of 63. In the hourly analysis, positive signi�icant correlations were found with temperature,
and negative with relative humidity and rain. Daily spores sums were the highest in Don Be-
nito when wind blew from west (proceeding to irrigated crops and grassland pastures), then
in Plasencia that did not showed a clear pattern and �inally, and the lowest in Zafra, when
wind blew from west (grassland pastures).
Conclusions. Don Benito, where there were much irrigated crops and grassland pastures
surrounded the city, showed the maximum concentrations. Airborne conidia of Alternaria
were higher when temperature recorded were high and rainfall was low. Bimodal seasonal
distributions were found. It seems that the weather parameters and land uses were impor-
tant factors for explain the Alternaria concentrations.
BEM1.03
Bioindicators and Environmental Management
46 An ecophysiological study across the Drake Pas-
sage on the saxicole tundra forming lichens of
Usnea genus
Laguna C., Pintado A., Green T.G.A., Blanquer J.M., Sancho L.G.
Universidad Complutense de Madrid (Spain)
Over the last 50 years stations on the Antarctic Peninsula have recorded a marked increase
in near-surface air temperature. The rapid recent warming of the Antarctic Peninsula has
resulted in changes in the terrestrial ecology. However, the biological records are shorter
in length than the meteorological data, and observed changes are dif�icult to interpret.
In order to be able to predict the effects of these changes one suggestion is to use small
scale models on individual species, and direct comparisons between slightly warmer or
cooler sites, which can be achieved through latitudinal displacements. Lichens appear to
be particularly useful for monitoring climate change as they appear to respond to such
gradients. However, the actual links between lichen performance and environmental fac-
tors are poorly understood and it is our aim to contribute to clarify them. In this study
we focus on two islands located at opposite sides of Drake Passage: Navarino Island (Tie-
rra del Fuego, north side) and Livingston Island (West Antarctic Peninsula, south side).
Southern South America is the natural extension of the Antarctic latitudinal gradient, and
both regions have very oceanic climate although colder on the south side of the Drake
Passage. On either side there are similar terrestrial ecosystems dominated by Usnea li-
chens, known as high Andean tundra in Tierra del Fuego and as Antarctic tundra in West
Antarctic Peninsula. Also, both regions remain relatively pristine and unaltered, which
make them natural laboratories for plant research. Four Usnea species were studied; two
occurring on both sides of the Drake Passage (U. antarctica and U. aurantiaco-atra), and
the other two occurring only on the northern side (U. trachycarpa and U. ushuaiensis).
Local distributions of these species were studied at each study site along the altitudinal
gradient of about 300 m, and microclimate was recorded for the same area over nearly
one year. The photosynthetic response of each species to temperature, light and thallus
water content was subsequently determined under controlled conditions in the labo-
ratory. Interestingly, all species had nearly identical responses of net photosynthesis to
temperature and light, and only slight differences in relation to thallus water contents
were found. In contrast, differences in distribution and environmental conditions were
found between species and studied sites. Variation in overall performance in the absence
of photosynthetic differences has been suggested to be a result of differing lengths of the
activity period, and in light of that scenario we interpret our results.
BEM1.04
Bioindicators and Environmental Management
47
Assessing the impact of alkaline dust pollution
ridana (lichenized Ascomycota, Parmeliaceae)
Degtjarenko P.1,2, Marmor L1, Tõrra T.2,3, Lerch M.2, Saag A.1, Rand-
lane T.1 & Scheidegger C.2
1 University of Tartu, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Lai 38, 51005, Tartu,
Estonia;
2 Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf,
Switzerland;
3 University of Tartu, Estonian Marine Institute, Mäealuse 14, 12618, Tallinn, Esto-
nia.
Environmental pollution is a consequential threat to genetic diversity of species. However, very
little is known whether and how air pollution, especially dust pollution, impacts the genetic
diversity of lichens that are well-known indicators of environmental quality. Alkaline dust po-
llution may impact lichens directly, changing element concentration in lichen thalli, inducing
chlorophyll degradation of photobionts or causing necrotic damages of thalli. Long-term alka-
line dust pollution, which increases the pH value of tree bark, in�luences species richness and
composition of epiphytic lichen communities. We aimed to study the effects of alkaline dust
pollution from unpaved road on the genetic variation of Usnea sub�loridana Stirt. populations
using microsatellite markers. We sampled 310 Usnea thalli from Norway spruce (up to six me-
ters from the ground) in Pinus sylvestris-dominated boreal forest stands in southern Estonia
(58°8´N 27°2´E); four of these lichen populations were exposed to long-term dust pollution, and
four populations were from unpolluted forest stands. We used nine unlinked mycobiont-speci�ic
polymorphic microsatellite loci to quantify the genetic variation of U. sub�loridana populations.
In total, we analysed 274 specimens and we found 72 alleles at nine microsatellite loci, which
provided 168 different genotypes across eight lichen populations. All microsatellite loci were
highly polymorphic. The generalized linear model (GLZ) showed that the presence of dust po-
llution and sample size revealed signi�icant in�luence on allelic richness (A) and Shannon’s in-
formation index (I) per population; those measures were higher in unpolluted forest sites than
in polluted sites. The average age of spruces in forest sites did not reveal signi�icant in�luence
on any measures of genetic variation in our analyses. We suggest that the observed similarity
of clonal diversity (M) indicates no differences in population dynamics; U. sub�loridana popula-
tions from unpolluted and polluted forest sites belonged to the identical demographic stage, ob-
viously contributing to the �irst generation after establishment. This is the �irst record demons-
trating that long-term alkaline dust pollution had a negative impact on microsatellite variation.
We suggest that combined complex of processes including the decline of suitable habitats and
decrease of population size may reduce genetic variation of U. sub�loridana in the vicinity of the
source of dust pollution. We presume that loss of genetic variation in populations of common
lichens may be used as a bioindicator to highlight the potentially threatening environmental
disturbances. However, more research is needed to better understand the role of different va-
riables and processes hidden behind the changes.
BEM1.05
Bioindicators and Environmental Management
48
BEM1.06
Bioindicators and Environmental Management
Norte de la Comunidad de Madrid
Jiménez Elvira N., Draper I. & Estébanez B.
Los brió�itos se consideran buenos indicadores de contaminación por metales pesados
debido a su baja resistencia a la entrada de contaminantes. Los medios ricos en meta-
les pesados pueden albergar especies y comunidades brio�íticas tolerantes o metaló�ilas,
que, a pesar del alto interés de sus adaptaciones especializadas, y de la posible presencia
de táxones raros o amenazados, están generalmente mal conocidas. La minería es una de
las actividades que inciden más en la contaminación del sustrato con metales pesados,
además de producir profundas perturbaciones �ísicas.
En este estudio se pretende encontrar especies asociadas o tolerantes al cobre dentro
de la Península Ibérica. Se ha centrado en cuatro minas de la Sierra Norte de la Comuni-
dad de Madrid, donde existen abundantes explotaciones antiguas de cobre, de pequeña
entidad, abandonadas desde principios del siglo XX. Debido a la falta de trabajos previos
sobre el tema, se ha intentado realizar un catálogo base de los brió�itos que se pueden en-
contrar en las explotaciones dedicadas al cobre, que sirva de precedente en este campo.
En cada mina se reconocieron y muestrearon por separado dos áreas con aparentes dife-
rencias en cuanto al grado de afección por cobre, en función de la presencia y cobertura
de la vegetación vascular, la textura y color del sustrato, y la abundancia de brió�itos. Los
datos se con�irmaron mediante análisis del contenido en metales pesados por TXRF.
En total se han encontrado 34 especies diferentes entre musgos y hepáticas. Cabe desta-
car la ausencia de especies claramente metaló�ilas como las del género Scopelophila, lo
que puede deberse a la excesiva xericidad de la zona de estudio. Se detecta un empobre-
cimiento en las zonas afectadas por cobre (19 especies, frente a las 26 encontradas en las
caracterizadas como menos contaminadas). En casi todos los sustratos aparecen musgos
tolerantes a la perturbación: Bryum dichotomum, Syntrichia ruralis y Didymodon acutus.
Se comprobó que los musgos pleurocárpicos aparecen únicamente en las zonas aparen-
temente menos contaminadas. En las zonas que habían sufrido una mayor alteración (pH
4,4) no se encontró ningún brió�ito.
El escaso número de especies y el pobre desarrollo de las muestras, en comparación con
otros estudios de brió�itos y polución, en especial en medios urbanos, también altamente
perturbados, podría deberse a una mayor sensibilidad al cobre por parte de los brió�itos.
49
The herbivoral interaction between midge spe-
cies, Scatopsciara cunicularius (Sciaridae: Dip-
tera) and the thallose bryophyte, Marchantia
polymorpha
Sawangproh W1 and Cronberg N1
1 Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Lund University, Ecology Building, SE-223 62
Lund, Sweden.
This study was initiated when we observed that greenhouse cultures of the thallose li-
verwort Marchantia polymorpha were infested by larvae belonging to the midge family
Sciaridae, causing considerable damage to the living thalli. The sciarid turned out to be
Scatopsciara cunicularius – a species described as new to science from Germany over
70 years ago and never observed since. We noted that the sciarid �ly population seemed
to expand during early summer, when the temperatures increased in the greenhouses,
suggesting that the life span, especially the larval stage is dependent on temperature.
We therefore compared the performance of larvae reared at two constant ambient tem-
peratures,12.3±0.6 ºC and 22.6±1.7 ºC, respectively, in terms of feeding activity. We also
studied the duration of the complete life cycle of S. cunicularius. The experiments were
carried out inside Petri dishes, at a relative humidity between 101–116%, with a 14/10h
day/night-cycle. The developmental period of the sciarids increased in the colder tempe-
rature. Larvae reared at colder temperature fed slower but over a longer period than tho-
se reared at warmer temperature, causing larger damaged area to the liverwort thallus.
The mean periods of egg incubation, development and longevity at the higher tempera-
ture were: egg, 4.2; larva, 20.1; pupa, 3.9; and adult, 4.9 days, whereas those at colder
temperature were: egg, 13.0; larva 95.0; pupa, 10.6; and adult 7.5 days, respectively. The
results suggest that S. cunicularius is a promising future agent for biological control of M.
polymorpha in greenhouse cultures.
BEM2.01
Bioindicators and Environmental Management
50
las en los prados alpinos de Andorra
Rossell A., Azuaga T., Barbero, M. y Gómez-Bolea A.
Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Botánica), Facultad de Biología, Universidad
de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, España.
Andorra, microestado situado en el corazón de los Pirineos, es un lugar idóneo para reali-
zar estudios de �lora liquénica alpina teniendo en cuenta que el piso alpino ocupa el 37%
del territorio (Mapa Digital dels Hàbitats d’Andorra, 2012). Por sus características y su
vulnerabilidad a los cambios ambientales, los prados alpinos son ecosistemas adecuados
para evaluar la in�luencia del calentamiento global sobre la distribución altitudinal de
los líquenes terrícolas, los cuales a diferencia de los saxícolas dependen fuertemente del
manto nival para su supervivencia en los meses de invierno (Bjerke, J.W., 2008). Los pro-
pósitos generales del presente trabajo son ampliar la �lora liquénica andorrana, deter-
minar los patrones de distribución altitudinal de las especies identi�icadas y seleccionar
los taxones con potencial bioindicador del calentamiento global atendiendo a su área de
distribución, su amplitud ecológica y su facilidad de identi�icación. Se tomaron muestras
en 5 localidades por encima del nivel del bosque (entre 2400 m i 2900 m) mediante tran-
sectos altitudinales cada 100 m entre los años 1996 y 1999. Los resultados preliminares
obtenidos nos han permitido i) incrementar el conocimiento de la �lora liquénica de An-
dorra en más de 20 nuevas citas, ii) conocer las distribuciones altitudinales de cada uno
de los taxones estudiados y iii) proponer una serie de especies potencialmente bioin-
dicadoras del calentamiento global en prados alpinos acidó�ilos. Entre éstas destacan
Alectoria ochroleuca, Flavocetraria cucullata, F. nivalis, Lepraria crassissima, Ochrolechia
frigida, Pycnothelia papillaria, Solorina crocea, Thamnolia vermicularis y Vulpicida tubu-
losus. Dadas las variaciones de la temperatura media anual registradas en el Principado
de Andorra en el periodo 1934-2008 (Esteban, P. et al., 2009) es posible que el patrón
altitudinal obtenido haya variado en la actualidad como consecuencia del incremento de
temperatura y, a su vez, de la reducción del período de innivación. En este sentido seria
conveniente actualizar las prospecciones en las mismas localidades estudiadas.
BEM2.02
Bioindicators and Environmental Management
51
The photoreceptor of ultraviolet-B radiation
(UVR8) in Marchantia polymorpha
Soriano G.1, Del Castillo M.A.1, Monforte L.1, Martínez-Abaigar J.1,
Nuñez-Olivera E.1, Jenkins G. I.2
1
tal
2 University of Glasgow
Since the recent �inding of the photoreceptor protein UVR8 in Arabidopsis thaliana, the
knowledge of the responses of the photosynthetic organisms to UV-B radiation has con-
siderably grown. This photoreceptor protein undergoes a conformational change after
UV-B exposure, changing from a dimeric form to the functional monomers. This triggers
a series of responses that help the organism to adapt to this stimulus. Some of these
responses are for example the expression of certain genes implied in the biosynthesis of
�lavonoids and/or morphogenetic aspects.
From an evolutionary perspective, the study of UVR8 in bryophytes has great importan-
ce, due to the fact that these organisms were the �irst true plants that colonized terres-
trial ambients with much more UV-B radiation than the primordial aquatic systems. In
bryophytes, UVR8 has only been studied in the model moss Physcomitrella patens, which
has two UVR8 genes and at least one of them is functional because it complements the
Arabidopsis uvr8 mutant.
Thus, our aim was to study the presence of UVR8 photoreceptor in Marchantia poly-
morpha. Given that liverworts were the �irst true plants colonizing land, Marchantia UVR8
may help understand the adaptation process that allowed plants to spread and dominate
terrestrial environments and also how UVR8 protein has evolved in plants.
In this way, we �irstly established cultures of Marchantia polymorpha in Petri dishes,
using an accession which is currently been sequenced. Then, its RNA was isolated and
corresponding cDNA synthesized. Using primers designed for the conserved regions of
the UVR8 gene of other species, a fragment of Marchantia UVR8 was ampli�ied and se-
quenced. Using this fragment and RACE-PCR technique, complete cDNA of UVR8 was ob-
tained.
BEM3.01
Bioindicators and Environmental Management
52 BRIOFLORA TERRÍCOLA EN OLIVARES NO LA-
BRADOS DE LA PROVINCIA DE JAÉN (ANDALU-
CÍA, ESPAÑA)
Rams S.1, Saavedra M.2, Cabezas C.3 & Alcántara C.2
1 Centro de Magisterio “La Inmaculada”, adscrito a la Universidad de Granada, C/
Joaquina Eguaras 114, E-18013, Granada, SPAIN. E-mail: susanarams@gmail.com
2
3
cial Polivalente, C/ Diamantino García s/n, E-41550, Aguadulce (Sevilla), SPAIN
It has been studied the terricolous bryophyte �lora from 26 untilled groves of Jaen pro-
vince. It has been cataloged 40 species, 39 mosses and 1 liverwort, belonging to 6 fami-
lies: Pottiaceae (30), Bryaceae (4), Funariaceae (2), Orthotrichaceae (2), Dicranaceae (1)
and Lunulariaceae (1). It has been conducted a parallel study of the abundance and fre-
quency of species, resulting in an average of 72% coverage and 12 species for each olive
grove. The dominant species, present in more than 90% of the groves, are Ptychostomum
imbricatulum (Müll. Hal.) Holyoak & N. Pedersen, Bryum argenteum (Hedw.), Didymo-
don vinealis (Brid.) R.H. Zander, Didymodon luridus Hornsch. and Aloina aloides (Koch
ex Schultz) Kindb., followed by Barbula unguiculata Hedw., Crossidium crassinerve (De
Not.) Jur. and Pseudocrossidium hornschuchianum (Schultz) R.H. Zander, with a frequency
greater than 50%. It is also noteworthy that these 8 species represent 85% of the total
area occupied. It draws the conclusion that, if bryophytes were used as an alternative
vegetation cover to vascular plants in these environments, it is possible to achieve high
coverage of them handling a small number of species.
AGRADECIMIENTOS
Los autores agradecen a la Fundación Caja Rural de Jaén, a la ATPIOlivar y al IFAPA el
apoyo recibido para la consecución del presente trabajo.
BEM3.02
Bioindicators and Environmental Management
53
tes ornamentales urbanas de la ciudad de Bar-
celona
Nolla Querol P.1, Flor-Arnau N.2, Chesa Marro M.J.3
1 Phytolab Control. Corominas 9, 2n. 08902 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona).
pepita.nolla@phytolabcontrol.com
2Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Barcelo-
3BCASA, Medio Ambiente y Servicios Urbanos - Hábitat Urbano, Ayuntamiento de
En una actividad de divulgación cientí�ica se detectó una elevada abundancia de Microcystis aeruginosa
(cianobacteria potencialmente tóxica) en una de las fuentes ornamentales de un jardín público en la
ciudad de Barcelona. Desde BCASA (Medio Ambiente y Servicios Urbanos-Hábitat Urbano; Ayuntamien-
to de Barcelona) se lanzó una propuesta de obtener más datos respecto a la potencial toxicidad de las
aguas de las distintas balsas y fuentes de este jardín urbano naturalizado debida a la presencia de cia-
nobacterias.
1.- Detectar las fuentes con mayor riesgo de toxicidad debida a cianobacterias u otros organismos �ito-
planctónicos. 2.- Identi�icar las especies potencialmente productoras de cianotoxinas. 3.- Cuanti�icar sus
abundancias. 4.- Adoptar medidas de control “no agresivas” para alcanzar concentraciones de cianotoxi-
nas inferiores a los valores límite recomendados por la OMS.
Material y métodos:
Se realizó un muestreo selectivo de las masas de agua con mayor probabilidad de contener �itoplancton
tóxico (poca tasa de renovación y/o elevada temperatura del agua) con el �in de detectar �loraciones o
potencialidad de �loraciones.
Se llevó a cabo la identi�icación y recuento de las especies potencialmente tóxicas y análisis de micro-
cistinas de cada localidad.
Resultados y conclusiones:
Se identi�icó Microcystis aeruginosa en todas las localidades muestreadas, aunque sólo en una de ellas
se detectó la �loración tóxica así cómo valores detectables de microcistinas.
Se identi�icó el origen de la �loración y se propusieron medidas correctoras para el control de la �loración
y para evitar la dispersión de la especie tóxica por todo el conjunto de masas de agua del jardín urbano.
Puesto que se trata de un jardín urbano naturalizado, dónde que coexisten otras especies (an�ibios,
peces, etc.) se buscaron soluciones no tóxicas, que afectaran solamente a la especie causante de la �lora-
ción tóxica. Se realizaron actuaciones que modi�icaron las condiciones que dieron origen a la �loración,
es decir, se incrementó de la tasa de renovación del agua, se aumentó la turbulencia y se eliminó parte
de la biomasa algal mediante una serie de vaciados parciales y periódicos de la fuente problema.
Al mismo tiempo se llevó a cabo un seguimiento de la �loración mediante análisis de las densidades ce-
lulares y de microcistinas hasta que se consiguieron los efectos deseados: el control de la �loración algal
y la disminución de las microcistinas.
Finalmente se restauró de nuevo el circuito de aguas del jardín urbano sin haber tenido afectaciones a
otras especies sensibles a tóxicos como an�ibios o peces.
BEM3.03
Bioindicators and Environmental Management
54
L. García-Espín, A. D. Asencio, M. Aboal
1 Laboratorio de Algología, Facultad se Biología, Campus de Espinardo, Universi-
dad de Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, España
Las ciano�íceas (Cyanobacteria) están ampliamente distribuidas por todo tipo de ambien-
tes acuáticos y algunas especies sintetizan compuestos tóxicos cuyas funciones naturales
se desconocen. Las cianotoxinas pueden afectar a los organismos acuáticos, desde los
invertebrados a los vertebrados y representan un riesgo sanitario para las poblaciones
humanas. Las microcistinas son las cianotoxinas más frecuentemente citadas, se conocen
un número muy elevado de variantes y pueden estar presentes en una gran variedad de
cuerpos de agua, aunque se desconocen los factores que inducen la producción de estos
compuestos o los efectos que pueden producir en los diferentes organismos acuáticos.
En este trabajo se analizan los efectos de las microcistinas y los extractos de cianó�i-
tos en la fotosíntesis de algas �luviales pertenecientes a dos grupos taxonómicos que se
consideran Buenos indicadores de calidad: rodó�itos (Rhodophyta) y diatomeas (Baci-
llariophyta) para tratar de dilucidar el papel que pueden jugar las microcistinas y las
ciano�íceas en la competencia intraespecí�ica y en la �isionomía de las comunidades de
productores primarios �luviales.
Los datos muestran que tanto los extractos como las microcistina_LR pura afectan a la
actividad fotosintética de todos los organismos testados: las diatomeas (Fistulifera pelli-
culosa, Gomphonema parvulum, Nitzshia frustulum y Stephanodiscus minutulus) y la rodo-
�ícea (Chroothece richteriana) a concentraciones ambientalmente relevantes. Los efectos
observados son positivos o negativos dependiendo de las especies y pueden incremen-
tarse o desaparecer con el tiempo.
Las microcistinas y otros compuestos presentes en los extractos de cianobacterias pue-
den explicar la competencia interespecí�ica observada frecuentemente en la naturaleza,
especialmente en arroyos calcáreos y después de fenómenos catastró�icos como inun-
daciones o fuertes lluvias, que pueden destruir parcial o completamente los tapetes de
ciano�íceas y liberar los compuestos tóxicos que contienen, en una escala temporal esta-
cional.
Efectos de las microcistinas y los extractos de
BEM3.04
Bioindicators and Environmental Management
55
Portela A.P. 1,2, Marcos B. 2, Hespanhol H. 2, Silva R. 1,2, Honrado J.1,2
& Vieira C.2
1 Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, S/N, Edi-
2 CIBIO - Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Campus
Agrário de Vairão. Rua Padre Armando Quintas, nº 7 4485-661 Vairão
Bryophytes are one of the most common groups of macrophytes in mountainous rivers-
capes and are recognized indicators of ecological integrity, anthropogenic impact and
microhabitat heterogeneity. In Portugal, these distinctive communities count some rare
and endemic species with conservation interest in their composition, and are associated
with many priority aquatic and semi-aquatic European habitats.
However watercourses are subjected to several anthropogenic impacts such as dams,
channelization and alteration of river beds for the construction roads and railways,
among others. In this work we developed a framework to establish an ef�icient moni-
toring network of high conservation-interest bryological communities in riverscapes of
Northern Portugal, taking into account the existing anthropogenic impacts.
A three step modelling approach was employed: (1) community-level modelling ap-
proach using biomod2 to produce a spatially-explicit model of community types (2)
Zonation software to spatialize conservation priority for bryophyte communities with
high conservation value; and (3) a monitoring network using “sampling” package based
on unequal-probability, strati�ied random sampling and priority ranking. Four sampling
strata were employed and obtained through the intersection of two criteria: (i) protec-
tion status of the areas (ii) presence of potential impacts from human infrastructures.
We obtained a spatialized potential distribution of major bryophyte community types
in riverscapes and a spatial prioritization of the territory for the protection of high con-
servation-interest bryophytes at the regional level. This allowed the identi�ication of key
conservation areas. Additionally, a network to monitor con�licts between priority conser-
vation areas and human impact was also developed.
Using bryophytes as model organisms we demonstrated the utility of modelling techni-
ques to assist the development of ef�icient biodiversity monitoring networks at regional
scales: This work reinforces the usefulness of bryophytes as indicator organisms for bio-
diversity monitoring in riverscapes and the need for monitoring schemes to account for
cumulative impacts in biodiversity values inside and outside protected areas.
How to protect bryophytes from being drowned
of priority bryophyte diversity
BEM3.05
Bioindicators and Environmental Management
56
Burfeid Castellanos, A. M.1, Cambra Sánchez, J.1, Núria Flor-Arnau1
and Durán, C.2
1
partment), 08028 Barcelona. Spain. andrea.burfeid@gmail.com
2
The Water Framework Directive (WFD) and consequent European Union legislation have
focused on the importance of dangerous substances and pollutants to add to the measure
of water quality. In order to study the long term effect that a selection of those substances
have on diatom communities, the 11 years’ worth of biological and physical-chemical data
acquired at the Ebro River Basin by the Spanish authority in their bio-monitoring control
network have been studied in adjacent sites located around and in ef�luent affected river
sections. The main focus on the effects was placed onto changes in community structure
a, species diversity and diatom characteristics, such as size categories, life-forms and eco-
logical guilds of the main diatoms found (surpassing 3% of the total community). A signi-
�icant difference in diatom community structure has been observed most signi�icantly in
the sites located downstream to the ef�luent affected sites. These same differences have
not been apparent in the comparison to upstream located communities. Temporal chan-
ges have been established, since a reduction of centric and planktonic species has been
observed since 2008 and the motile guild increased not only in polluted sites but also
varied through time. In regard to the life forms there was a tendency of non-attached and
adnate diatoms to be found chie�ly in ef�luent affected sites. Most changes in size were
due both to temporal and spatial variability. Polluted sites tended to show increased cell
size or to provoke a downstream size-increases.
Long-term effects of dangerous substances on
diatoms (Bacillariophyta) and their commu-
nities as measured in the Ebro River Basin (NE
Spain)
BEM3.06
Bioindicators and Environmental Management
57
Rodrigues S.A. 1*, Fernández-Salegui A.B.2, Terrón-Alfonso A.2 &
Soares A.M.V.M.1
1 CESAM & Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitá-
rio de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal. Email rodrigues.s@ua.pt
2
24071, Léon, Spain.
* Currently at: CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto Cam-
pus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-601 Vairão, Portugal & InBIO, Rede de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Biologia Evo-
Lichen transplants of the species Flavoparmelia caperata were used to evaluate the ac-
cumulation of thirty-three elements putatively emitted from Kraft pulp mill industry, in a
study conducted at Figueira da Foz (Portugal). Chlorophyll a �luorescence kinetics studies
were performed in the transplanted lichens, in order to evaluate the hypothetical effect
of elemental accumulation on photosynthetic performance. It was intended to evaluate
the effects of distance — 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 m — and period — 45, 90, 135 and
180 days — of exposure on both elemental accumulation and chlorophyll a �luorescence
kinetics. Most elements — Al, B, Ba, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, S, Sb,
Sc, Sr, Ti and V — were found in signi�icantly higher concentrations in the transplants
exposed at 500 m of distance from the point source. Nearly half of the elements — B, Ba,
Cr, Fe, Hg, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, P, Pb, S, Sb, and V — were also found in signi�icantly higher
concentrations in the transplants exposed during 180 days. The chlorophyll a �luores-
cence kinetics parameters Fv/Fm and Fm were signi�icantly decreased in the transplants
exposed at 500 and 1000 m from the pulp mill and in those exposed during 135 and 180
days. Both ΦPSII and ΦExc decreased signi�icantly after 180 days of exposure. Signi�icant
negative correlations were identi�ied between Fv/Fm and the concentrations in lichen
transplants of B, Ba, Co, Fe, Hg, Mg, Mn, Mo, N, P, S, Sb, and Zn; Fm and Ba, Co, Hg, Mn, Mo,
N, P, S, Sb, and Zn; ΦPSII and N and P; and ΦExc and Mn, N, P, and S. These results indicate
that lichens were subjected to stress and that photosynthetic performance was compro-
mised in lichen transplants. This was related to the accumulation of several elements,
which this study points to be emitted by a Kraft pulp mill industry.
Pulp mill industry emissions biomonitoring, and
impacts on the photosynthetic performance of
lichen transplants
BEM3.07
Bioindicators and Environmental Management
58
Pérez-Llamazares A., Fernández-Salegui A. y Terrón-Alfonso A.
En la planta de inyección en suelo de CO2 situada en Cubillos del Sil (León) se ha estudia-
do recientemente la respuesta de Parmelia sulcata a concentraciones bajas de CO2. Los
resultados obtenidos no han sido satisfactorios, siendo incapaces de detectar alguna va-
riación que pudiera servir para poder emplear este liquen como bioindicador de concen-
traciones bajas de CO2. En base a estos resultados, el objetivo que nos planteamos en este
trabajo es evaluar, bajo condiciones controladas de laboratorio, la respuesta que ofrece
el liquen P. sulcata y el musgo Pseudoscleropodium purum ante altas concentraciones de
CO2.
Se han elegido estas dos especies, porque ambas han demostrado su gran valor como
bioindicadores de contaminación atmosférica. Para estos experimentos se ha empleado
una urna de metacrilato donde son colocados los organismos. La concentración de CO2
en la urna se mantiene más o menos constante gracias a un sistema automático de inyec-
ción de CO2 conectado a un analizador. En cada una de las especies se analizan diferentes
parámetros fotosintéticos de la cloro�ila a para ver si alguno de ellos sufre variaciones
con las concentraciones y/o diferentes periodos de tiempo ensayados.
Se han realizado varios experimentos, con concentraciones que han variado desde los
700 ppm hasta los 1500 ppm (respectivamente, doble y cuádruple de la concentración
ambiental actual). Además se han probado diferentes periodos de tiempo en los que se
mantiene a los organismos dentro de la urna a una determinada concentración de CO2,
variando desde 1 día hasta más de 3 semanas, realizando mediciones con frecuencia ho-
raria en algunos casos o con 3 mediciones al día en otros.
Respuesta de líquenes y musgos como bioindi-
cadores de altas concentraciones de CO2
BEM3.08
Bioindicators and Environmental Management
59
SEB1.01
Systematics, Evolution and Biogeography
Blechnum (Blechnaceae, Polypo-
diopsida)
M. Vicent, J. García Campa, J.M. Gabriel y Galán, C. Prada
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
La familia Blechnaceae constituye un importante grupo de helechos leptosporangiados, con
más de 200 especies distribuidas en 9-10 géneros, repartidas en dos centros de diversidad,
uno austro-pací�ico y otro americano. La taxonomía dentro de la familia está aún por aclarar,
especialmente la del género Blechnum (que concentra el 80% de las especies), en el que se
reconocen hasta 8 grupos informales de especies, que han sido considerados y clasi�icados
bajo diferentes categorías.
Este trabajo se centra en el grupo de Blechnum fragile, fundamentalmente neotropical, for-
mado por 6-8 especies de plantas epí�itas y hemiepí�itas, de tamaño medio, con escamas del
rizoma generalmente lineares y bicoloras, dimor�ismo foliar y pinnas adnatas. El conjunto
de estos rasgos permite caracterizar con cierta con�ianza a las especies del grupo. Sin em-
bargo, algunos de estos caracteres macromorfológicos aparecen, aislados o combinados, en
especies de otros grupos del género (especialmente del grupo Blechnum divergens), grupos
que por ello presentan un cierto solapamiento taxonómico de compleja resolución. Este he-
cho incluye, también, el hábito hemiepi�ítico, tan aparentemente característico.
Por otro lado, subsiste cierta confusión taxonómica entre varias de las entidades del grupo
de estudio (por ejemplo, B. fragile, B. binervatum, B. ensiforme, B. acutum), que han sido con-
sideradas como especies independientes, como subespecies o como entidades coespecí�icas.
Por último, ciertas especies de reciente descripción (B. fuscosquamosum, B. nigrocostatum)
y de distribución aparentemente restringida, se distinguen con di�icultad de otras ya cono-
cidas.
En este trabajo se aborda un estudio monográ�ico del grupo, para tratar de resolver tres
cuestiones: una, su mono�ilia; dos, la delimitación del complejo B. fragile; y tres, la ubicación
�ilogenética de las especies de nueva descripción. Se aportan datos de naturaleza anatómica
y micromorfológica, y se realiza un estudio molecular de marcadores cloroplásticos.
Los resultados obtenidos permiten concluir que el grupo de estudio es natural, morfológica
y molecularmente separado de otros grupos, con los que había cierta confusión. El análisis
molecular apoya, igualmente, la necesidad de separar las especies B. fragile, B. binervatum,
B. acutum y B. ensiforme. También se señala la posición �ilogenética de B. fuscosquamosum,
muy próxima a B. fragile, quedando pendiente la posibilidad de ser subordinada a la misma,
como una subespecie separada geográ�icamente en altura.
60 Coexistence and prevalence of symbiotic mi-
croalgae in Buellia zoharyi lichen: are substrata
and/or biogeographic barriers involved?
Chiva S.1, Moya P.1, Molins A.1, Reig-Armiñana J.1, García-Breijo
F.J.1,2 and Barreno E1
1
2 Dept Ecosistemas Agroforestales, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino
de Vera s/n 46022, Valencia, Spain.
Biological soil crusts (BSC) frequently cover open spaces in xeric territories and are set up by
highly specialized communities of lichens, mosses, bacteria and fungi. Lichens are common
components of these communities, adapted to extreme environmental conditions.
Scientists are reviewing lichen characterization; these organisms are more complex than the
marriage between a mycobiont and a phycobiont or cyanobiont, because non-phototrophic li-
chenic bacteria seem to also be implied in the symbiogenesis of thalli. Additional complexity
was reported inside a single lichen thallus by the intrathalline coexistence of different algal
species and/or genera. This process could be advantageous under extreme environmental con-
ditions, and might be a more common phenomenon in ecologically adaptive lichens.
Buellia zoharyi Galun, a lichen species prevailing in the BSC, is said to be highly speci�ic to gyp-
sum soils, but it has also occasionally been found in other types of substrata.
We have selected six different populations, three on Miocene gypsum soils from the Iberian
Peninsula (Almería, Madrid and Zaragoza) and three others from other substrata: two of them
growing on volcanic soil in the Canary Islands (Lanzarote and Tenerife) and one other on calca-
reous soil in the Balearic Islands (Mallorca).
The B. zoharyi mycobiont was identi�ied using ITS rADN as barcode. Phycobiont phylogenetic
analyses were made using both chloroplast (LSU rDNA) and nuclear (nrDNA ITS) molecular
markers. In addition, ultrastructural microscopic techniques were used to characterize each
phycobiont found.
Our results suggest the presence of at least three different Trebouxia lineages. Furthermore,
phycobiont coexistence events occur in all the populations analyzed, corroborated by the pre-
sence of at least two taxa of intrathalline symbiotic microalgae. The presence of a speci�ic type
of Trebouxia lineage as the prevailing phycobiont in each population, and the detection in Te-
nerife of a unique lineage which was not detected in the other locations, points out that the
phycobiont distribution could be biased by the type of substrata or/and biogeographic barriers.
In conclusion, these unexpected data seem to highlight these unique habitats as target areas for
preservation.
(MINECO, CGL2012-40058-C02-01), FEDER, (GVA, PROMETEOII/2013/021).
SEB1.02
Systematics, Evolution and Biogeography
Systematics, Evolution and Biogeography
61
Phylogenetic analysis of symbiotic Trebouxia
microalgae within the genus Parmelia reveal
new monophyletic lineages.
Hinojosa-Vidal E1, Martínez-Alberola F 1, García-Breijo F 2, Reig-
Armiñana J 1, Barreno E 1
Parmelia is a genus of medium to large foliose lichens with a cosmopolite distribution.
Even though phylogenetic relations within lichen-forming fungi Parmelia have been well
established through various studies, little is known about their chlorobiont diversity.
Previous studies seem to point to unicellular green algae Trebouxia as the preferred phy-
cobiont within the genus. However, the previously stated lack of molecular and morpho-
logical data from these microalgae seems to be a shortcoming within the understanding
of the biodiversity and ecological variability of the genus. In this study we aim to provide
a new insight into the phylogenetic relationships and the ultrastructural chracteristics
between the different microalgae found in Parmelia.
Selected individuals from both the sorediate Parmelia sulcata Taylor and it’s close relative
P. barrenoae Divakar, M.C. Molina & A. Crespo, and the isidiate lichens Parmelia saxatilis,
P. serrana and P. ernstiae were collected across the Spanish forests. Whole lichen DNA ex-
tracts were analysed by molecular techniques. Nuclear nrITS and chloroplastic LSU rRNA
markers were sequenced from the chlorobionts. These sequences were aligned with type
material from different culture banks. Both genes were concatenated afterwards once
their evolutionary models were proven to be the same with jModelTest. The widely used
fungal barcode nrITS gene was chosen for the mycobionts. Morphological and ultrastruc-
tural studies were performed in whole symbiotic thalli as well as in several isolated and
cultured microalgae.
Phylogenetic analysis reveal what appears to be at least two new Trebouxia lineages pre-
sent among the analysed microalgae that do not provide a match with any gene sequence
available at the GenBank database nor described in any other publication. One clade, not
clearly related to any other Trebouxia complex, appears to be an exclusive symbiont of
Parmelia sulcata. Our data also suggest another potential new clade of Trebouxia symbio-
tizing with Parmelia serrana, and a third one associated with Parmelia barrenoae thalli
which seems to be related to the Trebouxia impressa complex.
(MINECO CGL2012-40058-C02-01), FEDER, (PROMETEOII/2013-021 GVA)
1
2 Dpto. Ecosistemas Agroforestales, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino
de Vera s/n, 46022-Valencia, Spain.
SEB1.03
Systematics, Evolution and Biogeography
62 Molecular data indicate too extensive lumping
in the moss genus Amphidium (Bryophyta)
Sim-Sim M1,2, Afonina OM3, Almeida T2, Désamoré A4, Laenen B4,
Garcia CA1,2, González-Mancebo JM5, Stech M6,7
1 Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, Centro de Ecologia, Evolução
ges), C2, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal;
2
58, 1250-102 Lisboa, Portugal;
3 V.L. Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prof. Popov Str., 2, St.
Petersburg, 197376, Russia;
4 Institute of Botany, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium;
5 Dept. Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal , Fac. Biología, Universidad de la Laguna,
La Laguna, E-38271, Tenerife, Spain;
6 Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; 7Leiden
University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Amphidium belongs to the haplolepideous mosses (Dicranidae) and comprises primarily lithophytic
species growing in dense turfs or cushions. The extant cosmopolitan distribution, which comprises
the Northern Hemisphere as well as scattered occurrences in southern-temperate and tropical-al-
pine regions was interpreted as being of Pangean origin.
In a recent revision, only three out of 13 species considered to be validly published were accepted,
Amphidium lapponicum, A. mougeotii and A. tortuosum. All three species occur in Macaronesia sin-
ce the Macaronesian endemic A. curvipes was synonymized with A. tortuosum. The Macaronesian
archipelagos (Madeira, Azores, Canary Islands) are a biodiversity hotspot of the Northern Hemis-
phere, and one of the most important �loristic and phytogeographic regions in Europe. Molecular
data revealed rather complex evolutionary histories and biogeographic relationships of endemic
and non-endemic bryophyte species in the Macaronesian region. However, most studies focused
on diplolepideous mosses and liverworts, whereas inferences from haplolepideous mosses such as
Amphidium in Macaronesia are still scarce. Here we infer species circumscriptions and relations-
hips in Amphidium based on phylogenetic analysis of molecular data (nuclear ribosomal ITS and
partial plastid rps4-trnF regions) and morphological-anatomical characters, with a focus on Maca-
ronesia. The sampling comprised herbarium material and recent collections from �ieldwork of A.
californicum, A. curvipes, A. cyathicarpum, A. lapponicum A. mougeotii and A. tortuosum, as well as
two morphologically deviant, putative A. lapponicum collections from Central Asia (Mongolia and
Russia). We aim to test whether (i) the recognition of the three species Amphidium lapponicum, A.
mougeotii and A. tortuosum is supported by molecular phylogenetic reconstructions, (ii) A. cyathi-
carpum and A. curvipes should be considered synonymous with A. tortuosum or treated as separate
species, in the case of A. curvipes thus whether it represents a Macaronesian endemic taxon nor
not, and (iii) the deviant collections from Central Asia represent a separate species. The molecular,
morphological and ecological characterization of the Amphidium taxa occurring in Macaronesia will
contribute to improve identi�ication tools, supporting also the recognition of this region in terms of
its importance for biodiversity conservation.
SEB1.04
Systematics, Evolution and Biogeography
63
Homalothecium meridionale (M. Fleissch. & Warnst.)
Hedenäs a segregated species from H. sericeum
(Hedw.) Schimp. (Brachytheciaceae, Bryopsida) in
the Iberian Peninsula
Sérgio C 1, Garcia C1, Sim-Sim M 2, Vieira C 3, Hespanhol H 3, Stow S
4, 5, Guerra J 6.
1
Environmental Changes. Rua da Escola Politécnica, 58, 1250-102 Lisboa, Portugal. E-mail:
csergio@fc.ul.pt
2 Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Ciências/ CE3C-Centre for Ecology, Evolution
and Environmental Changes. Lisboa, Portugal.
3 Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos (CIBIO) & Rede de Inves-
tigação em Biodiversidade e Biologia Evolutiva (InBIO), Vairão, Portugal.
4 The Natural History Museum, Life Sciences Department, Plants Division, Cromwell Road,
London SW7 5BD, UK.
5 The Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conserva-
tion, Marlowe Building, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NR, UK.
6 Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Área de Botánica) Facultad de Biología. Campus de
Espinardo. Universidad de Murcia, 30100 España
In this study the genus Homalothecium (Brachytheciaceae) has been examined in detail, in particu-
lar the H. sericeum s.l., as a contribution to the Flora of the Iberian Peninsula.
Recent discoveries of Homalothecium meridionale (M. Fleissch. & Warnst.) Hedenäs in Europe
prompted a new look at the genus in the Iberian Peninsula. The seta ornamentation and some pe-
ristome characteristics are critical new traits introduced by Hedenäs et al. (2014) to distinguish
this species. In general, H. meridionale is also distinguished by leaf length to width ratio and margin
denticulation in the alar region of branch leaves. Morphological features are also inferred with mo-
lecular analyses.
Locality information after a revision of herbarium collections (LISU, PO, MUB, BCB, VAL, LEB, SANT
and MACB) is the basis for a new distribution map for the Iberian Peninsula. Ecological conditions
registered in specimens’ label and �ield observations allowed us to present the more important
ecological requirements of H. meridionale, very common on +-- trees, growing mainly in the Medi-
terranean enclaves of the Iberian Peninsula, not only in the lowlands but also in mountain ranges
with some oceanic in�luence and is relatively indifferent to the nature of the substrate. It is more
common in Mediterranean climate areas in the central and southern part of the Iberian Peninsula,
However, in Portugal it is more frequent in lowland areas than in Spain, perhaps due to precipitation
constraints in some southern areas.
In conclusion the distribution of this species is now much wider than known before (based on He-
denäs et al., 2014).
References:
Hedenäs, L., A. Désamoré, B. Laenen, B. Papp, D. Quandt, J. M. González-Mancebo, J. Patiño, A. Van-
derpoorten & M. Stech. 2014. Three species for the price of one within the moss Homalothecium
sericeum s.l. Taxon 63(2): 249–257.
SEB1.05
Systematics, Evolution and Biogeography
64 Potential distribution and identity of introdu-
ced Amanita muscaria worldwide
Gonçalves, SC1, Mesquita N1, Bittleston L2, Vargas N3, Dickie IA4,
1 Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coim-
bra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
2 Departments of Botany and Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
3 Laboratory of Mycology and Plant Pathology, University of Los Andes, Bogotá,
Colombia
4 Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, New Zealand
5 Naturalis Biodiversity Center, 2333CC Leiden, The Netherlands
Amanita muscaria sensu lato is an eye-catching and easily noticed fungus, the red-and-
white spotted mushroom of fairy tales. However, it comprises multiple clades that are
considered different species according to the phylogenetic species concept. Members of
this northern hemisphere species complex have been introduced to many locations in
the southern hemisphere, and south of its native range in the northern hemisphere. The
species seems con�ined to plantations in Tanzania, Zimbabwe and South Africa but in
Colombia it appears to be associating with native Quercus humboldtii, and in Australia
and New Zealand the species is considered invasive and associates with native Fuscos-
pora cliffortioides (formerly Nothofagus solandri var. cliffortioides). Which phylogenetic
species are introductions, and whether more than one phylogenetic species of the A. mus-
caria complex has been introduced to new ranges, is unclear. Nor do we know if multiple
species co-occur in introduced ranges.
In this study we hypothesized that the cryptic species of A. muscaria possess distinct en-
vironmental niches, and that environmental niche models of the different clades would
predict which species are introduced to different parts of the world. We also used ITS
sequencing of A. muscaria from across its introduced ranges to ascertain the identity of
the occurring species. Species distribution modeling predicts that both clade I (North
America) and clade II (Eurasia, Alaska) can grow in parts of the introduced ranges, in pla-
ces including Chile, southern Brazil, Uruguay, New Zealand and southern Australia. But
sequence data from many populations demonstrates that across its introduced ranges A.
muscaria is mainly (perhaps solely) represented by clade II, the originally described A.
muscaria from Eurasia. Results are discussed in relation to the current knowledge of the
ecology of each cryptic species, as well as in relation to historical information about co-
introductions with exotic hosts.
SEB1.06
Systematics, Evolution and Biogeography Systematics, Evolution and Biogeography
65
I Gómez-Undiano, M Vicent, JM Gabriel y Galán
Departamento de Biología Vegetal I, Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Los rasgos foliares son caracteres adaptativos sobresalientes, dada su relación directa
con procesos biológicos cruciales como transpiración y fotosíntesis. Desde hace tiempo
se han estudiado aspectos ecomorfológicos de variables como el área foliar (AF) y los
pesos fresco (PF) y seco (PS). A partir de estas, se han calculado otras variables para ex-
traer un mayor conocimiento funcional de los rasgos básicos foliares, caso del área foliar
especí�ica (SLA).
Existe una gran cantidad de estudios de esta naturaleza en espermató�itos, pero el co-
nocimiento cae drásticamente en el caso de los helechos de climas templados. En Eu-
ropa, muchos helechos presentan carácter forestal, si bien hay grupos particularmente
adaptados a las grietas de piedras (saxícolas), entre los que destaca el género Asplenium
(Aspleniaceae), con unos 20 taxones ibéricos. Una parte de la explicación de cómo estos
helechos pueden desarrollarse en medios comparativamente más hostiles pasa por la
compresión de las estrategias funcionales relacionadas con el aparato foliar.
En este trabajo proponemos realizar un estudio de las principales variables foliares en
especies saxícolas de helechos ibéricos y estudiar las correlaciones que pueda haber con
variables climatológicas.
Se han seleccionado 5 especies de Asplenium de las que, hasta la fecha, se han muestrea-
do 50 individuos de 8 localidades geográ�icas, a diferentes altitudes. De cada individuo se
han seleccionado 3-5 hojas adultas, sin daños y sin esporas. De cada hoja se ha medido el
área, el peso fresco y el peso seco. A partir de diferentes bases de datos, se ha recabado
información bioclimática básica de cada localidad.
La variación encontrada en los rasgos foliares considerados parece independiente de la
temperatura media anual y la precipitación anual. Las temperaturas medias de las máxi-
mas y el periodo de aridez parecen imponer una reducción del peso foliar y un aumento
del SLA en general. Las mayores correlaciones se han detectado, sin embargo, en relación
con el frío: la reducción de las temperaturas medias mínimas y el aumento del periodo de
heladas probables, causan una reducción importante y continuada del área foliar y de los
pesos seco y fresco. Una temperatura media de las mínimas por encima de 4.5°C permite
que la planta experimente un signi�icativo desarrollo de las hojas, tanto en área como el
peso.
Se aporta una hipótesis funcional general a las respuestas encontradas y se comentan los
resultados en comparación con estudios previos en otros grupos de plantas.
SEB1.07
Systematics, Evolution and Biogeography
66
Séneca A.1,2, Hassel K.3, Forrest L.4, Long D.4, Söderström L.2
1 Dep. Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Porto University, Porto
2 Dep. Biology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
3 Vitenskapsmuseet, NTNU , Trondheim, Norway
4 Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, UK
Three species of the genus Aneura are recorded in Europe: A. pinguis, A. maxima and A.
pseudopinguis.
Aneura pinguis occurs in all continents and is widespread in Europe. It is known to oc-
cupy a wide range of habitats, from different types of mire communities to wet sand du-
nes and humid soil banks growing on and associated with a wide variety of bryophytes.
Morphologically the thallus varies from narrow and thick with multistratose margins to
larger wider forms, generally with locally unistratose margins. Size and number of oil
bodies have been shown to be variable.
Tropical Aneura maxima and Aneura pseudopinguis have been reported from Europe sin-
ce the nineties. Morphologically some extreme forms of A. pinguis seem to fall into the
morphology of A. maxima, further complicating the taxonomy of European Aneura. In
Britain, DNA barcoding has revealed 7 distinct lineages of Aneura in which specimens
referred to A. maxima are included (Blockeel et al. 2014).
Here we make a �irst evaluation of the lineages present in European material referred to
A. pinguis, Cryptothallus mirabilis (=A. mirabilis), A. maxima and A. pseudopinguis, using
3 coding cpDNA regions (rbcL, rpoC1 and matK) and 1 non-coding cpDNA region (psbA-
trnH intergenic spacer). Samples used mostly come from Scandinavia and neighbouring
areas, but samples from other areas including Portugal and 1 sample from Spain were
also analysed. From the ca. 90 samples studied so far, we can recognize 8 different li-
neages. Morphological, ecological and geographical validation of these lineages is still
ongoing.
References:
Blockeel, T L, Bosanquet, S D S, Hill, M O and Preston, C D 2014. Atlas of British & Irish
Bryophytes Vol 1. Pisces Publications, Newbury.
A preliminary evaluation of lineage differentia-
tion in European Aneura
SEB2.01
Systematics, Evolution and Biogeography
67
Ruibal C., Rico V.J., Crespo A., Divakar P.K.
Departamento de Biología Vegetal II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complu-
tense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Parmeliaceae systematics and phylogeny is being studied by SYSTEMOL working team
by successive approaches. Here we are updating last results. We aim to elucidate the
evolutionary history of the family using molecular data. Results estimates the date of the
origin of the family back to the Cretaceous (112.50Ma), around the same time than the
origin and radiation of angiosperms. In comparison to other families of lichenized fungi,
Parmeliaceae have diversi�ied recently. Within the family, the �irst divergence occurred
in mid Cretaceous when the crustose lineage Protoparmelia s.str. diverged from the rest
of the groups. Other major clades in the family, such as alectorioid, anzioid, cetrarioid,
hypogymnioid and usneoid appear to have diversi�ied more recently. While most of the
divergence occurred during the Paleogene, the radiation of the lineages appears to have
occurred at different times between Oligocene-Miocene. The genera Nesolechia and Pha-
copsis are shown to have lost lichenization independently. These lichenicolous clades in
the family originated at the Oligocene-Miocene boundary.
Advances into the evolutionary history and bio-
geography of Parmeliaceae (Ascomycota)
SEB2.02
Systematics, Evolution and Biogeography
68
Inoue Y.1, 2 & Tsubota H.1, 2
1 Department of Biological Science, Graduate school of Science, Hiroshima Univer-
sity, Japan
2
versity, Japan
The genus Weissia (Pottiaceae) includes both stegocarpous and cleistocarpous species.
Although the cleistocarpous species are sometimes treated as segregated genus Asto-
mum, recent molecular phylogenetic studies do not support this (Werner et al. 2005).
In Japan, �ive cleistocarpous species of Weissia had been reported as Astomum: A. acumi-
natum Dixon & Thér., A. crispum (Hedw.) Hampe, A. exsertum Broth., A. japonicum G.Roth
and A. kiiense S. Okamura. In his monograph of Japanese Pottiaceae, Saito (1975) only
recognized Weissia as a genus and cleistocarpous species were placed in subgenus Asto-
mum. He recognized two species in Japan: W. crispa (Hedw.) Mitt. (= W. longifolia Mitt.)
and W. exserta (Broth.) P.C.Chen, with A. acuminatum and A. kiiense synonymized in W.
crispa. However, the taxonomic assessment of A. japonicum remains in doubt since type
material was not studied. In the present study, a phylogenetic analysis is presented based
on sequences of chloroplast rbcL and rps4 genes to clarify phylogenetic relationships
within the Japanese species. We also re-examined Japanese specimens, including types,
and a morphometric study was applied to assess variation within Japanese populations.
Our molecular phylogenetic analysis revealed that cleistocarpous species of Weissia in
Japan are divided into four groups that are also supported morphologically and are well
de�ined by a combination of characters: seta length, capsule shape and size, the condition
of the annulus, and preichaetial leaf shape and size. Although annular cells have been not
con�irmed in cleistocarpous species in Japan, all specimens determined as W. exserta and
some determined as W. crispa have, just below the beak, cells that are smaller than other
exothecial cells, and this character is useful for the taxonomy of Japanese species. We
also con�irmed that type material of A. japonicum also shows an annulus and the other
morphological characters that place it well within one of the four groups revealed in our
molecular and morphometric analysis. Therefore the species should be treated as Weis-
sia.
A taxonomic study on cleistocarpous species of
Weissia (Pottiaceae, Bryophyta) in Japan
SEB3.01
Systematics, Evolution and Biogeography
69
Alors D., Divakar P.K., Cubas P. Crespo A.
28040 Madrid
Parmelina carporrhizans, long considered synonymous with P. quercina (Hale, 1976), is a
well-separated species (Arguello et al, 2007) but this misinterpretation has obscured the
knowledge of their variability and distribution. We have developed molecular markers that
serve as �ine tools to measure genetic diversity and structure of this species with the aim
to address speci�ic conservation studies or biomonitoring. We present the �irst analyses of
the genetic diversity and structure of populations of P. carporrhizans based on these highly
variable markers.
Materials and methods
Taxon sampling: We studied 230 samples of P. carporrhizans from 12 localities in the Iberian
Peninsula, Canary Islands, Morocco and Sicily.
Genetic markers: Eight microsatellite loci and two Mat genes were ampli�ied with speci�ic
primers (Alors et al 2014) and sized at the Unidad de Genómica (Parque Cientí�ico de Ma-
drid-Universidad Complutense, Madrid) with an automated laser �luorescence DNA sequen-
cer (Applied Biosystem 3730 DNA analyzer; Applied Biosystems, Foster City, California).
Fragment sizes expressed in base pairs (bp) were calculated using the program Geneious
7.0.6 (http://www.geneious.com, Kearse et al., 2012) by comparison to an internal molecu-
lar marker standard.
Climatic analyses: Nineteen bioclimatic variables of the sampling sites were extracted from
the 30 arc seconds resolution (~1 km) layers in the WorldClim repository (http://www.
worldclim.org/) with Diva-GIS 7.5, and principal component analyses were performed to
compare the localities.
Population diversity and genetic structure analyses: Genetic diversity, spatial correlation
and genetic structure were analyzed with Structure v2.3.4, Alleles in Space 1.0 and GenAlex
6.5 using the matrix of fragment sizes of the microsatellites and the assignation to mat type
(Mat1-1 or Mat1-2).
Results and discussion
Microsatellite markers detected high variability within and between localities indicating the
usefulness of these markers for population studies. The genetic structure analysis showed
two genetic pools, one including the samples from Tenerife and Gran Canaria and other en-
compassing samples from the rest of the localities and the climatic variables also discrimi-
nated Macaronesian from Mediterranean localities. Mantel randomised test of genetic and
geographic distances indicated isolation by distance.
Funding
This work was supported by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Grant CGL2013-4298-P).
An ecogeographical approach to the genetic
structure of Parmelina carporrhizans using spe-
SEB3.02
Systematics, Evolution and Biogeography
70
Valcárcel V.1, Lara F.1, Draper I.1, Vigalondo B.1, Mazimpaka V.1,
Garilleti R.2
1
ma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, C/ Darwin 2, E-28049 Madrid, Spain.
2 Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia,
Orthotrichum anomalum Hedw. is a widespread moss, especially frequent in saxicolous
environments. Although it is primarily distributed in the Northern Hemisphere, O. ano-
malum is one of the few species with bipolar distribution in this genus. In Europe it is a
common moss, and in the Iberian Peninsula only becomes scarce towards the West be-
cause of the predominance of siliceous rocks and the increasing oceanic in�luence, two
factors tolerated but usually avoided by this moss.
Even being usually easy to distinguish, O. anomalum is very variable for several visible
traits: cushions colour, plant size, leaf papillosity, seta length and capsule size, promi-
nence of capsule ribs, peristomial ornamentation, etc. However, no specimens with bis-
tratose leaves have been previously described for this species. During the revision of
the genus Orthotrichum Hedw. for Flora Brio�ítica Ibérica, we found several populations
from the western-central area of the Iberian Peninsula (provinces of Salamanca in Spain
and Beira Alta in Portugal), whose leaves show the lamina predominantly and irregularly
constituted by 2-3(4) strata of cells. These populations could correspond to a different
taxon (Lara & Garilleti 2014) since, besides exhibiting that exceptional morphological
variation, they thrive in an area with suboptimal environmental conditions for O. anoma-
lum. Moreover, in the western half of the Iberian Peninsula concur several other species
that have been described and recognized as different taxa based on the development of
bistratose leaf-laminae, such as Zygodon catarinoi C. Garcia, F. Lara, Sérgio & Sim-Sim or
Racomitrium hespericum Sergio, J. Muñ oz & Ochyra.
The aim of the present study is to test molecularly if these O. anomalum-like populations
with multistratose leaves lay within the variation of the species or if they correspond to
a different taxon. For this purpose, we evaluate the phylogenetic placement of the wes-
tern Iberian Peninsula bistratose populations within a phylogenetic reconstruction of
the subgenus Orthotrichum based on two DNA regions (atpB-rbcL, trnL-trnF).
Reference:
Lara, F. & R. Garilleti. 2014. Orthotrichum Hedw. In: J. Guerra, M. J. Cano & M. Brugués
(eds.) Flora Brio�ítica Ibérica, vol. V., pp: 50-135. UMU / SEB. Murcia.
tose leaf in Orthotrichum anomalum-like popu-
lations from western Iberian Peninsula
SEB3.03
Systematics, Evolution and Biogeography
71
Martín Gilarranz M., Estébanez B. & Medina N.G.
drid
Las dinámicas poblacionales son poco conocidas en brió�itos, y aún menos en comunida-
des saxícolas, donde frecuentemente se asume que el crecimiento y recambio de especies
es relativamente lento. Grimmia decipiens es un buen modelo para estos estudios, dado
que es uno de los musgos más comunes en rocas de la Sierra de Guadarrama, y crece en
un rango altitudinal amplio dando almohadillas grandes en ambientes semisombreados.
Aunque su distribución es relativamente bien conocida, no se tienen datos acerca de los
factores que la determinan ni de su óptimo ecológico.
El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en poner a punto un método de estudio de las pobla-
ciones de G. decipiens y la observación de diferencias de crecimiento vegetativo y repro-
ductivo a lo largo de un gradiente altitudinal en la Sierra de Guadarrama (Madrid). Hici-
mos un seguimiento en seis localidades entre 850-1630 m en un período de siete meses.
En cada localidad se marcaron cinco almohadillas y tomamos datos de diversos paráme-
tros de crecimiento vegetativo y fenología (densidad y crecimiento de brotes, cantidad de
esporó�itos de años anteriores, cantidad y estado de desarrollo de esporó�itos nuevos, y
tamaño de la almohadilla). Empleamos marcadores de posición para asegurar la homo-
geneidad de los datos, y tomamos datos acerca de la disponibilidad de hábitat en cada
localidad, así como de sus condiciones ambientales.
Hemos observado variaciones de crecimiento tanto entre las localidades elegidas como
en períodos cortos, incluso en un mes. Los resultados más evidentes se re�ieren a la pro-
ducción de esporó�itos, donde detectamos cambios entre los meses y entre localidades.
Observamos dinámicas rápidas de las almohadillas en función del estrés mecánico (por
nieve, animales, etc.), que resultan en su destrucción total o parcial; y a través de fenóme-
nos de competencia interespecí�ica (líquenes y musgos).
En cuanto al crecimiento vegetativo, cabe destacar diferencias entre las localidades en el
tamaño de las plantas de la almohadilla, que es máximo en la localidad con menor altitud.
Discutimos el óptimo de crecimiento en el rango de altitud para los distintos parámetros.
Por último, indicamos algunas mejoras al protocolo para aumentar la e�icacia de toma
de medidas y minimizar la interferencia de las mediciones con el crecimiento del musgo.
to reproductivo en Grimmia decipiens en un gra-
diente ambiental
SEB3.04
Systematics, Evolution and Biogeography
72
Draper I1, Garilleti R2, Serra A2, Vigalondo B1, Valcárcel V1,
Lara F1, Vanderpoorten A3, Patiño J3, Mazimpaka V1
1
ma de Madrid, c/Darwin 2, E–28049 Madrid, España
2 Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia. Avda.
3 Institute of Botany, University of Liège, B22, Sart Tilman, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
Orhotrichum fastigiatum was described by Bruch as a very similar species to O. af�ine Brid.,
from which it is dif�icult to separate. The differentiating morphological characters that the
author highlighted are the shape of the leaves apex, the lacunose exostome, and the consti-
tution of the endostome segments. The taxonomical status of this taxon was soon questio-
ned, since Hübener (1833) considered it as a variety of O. af�ine, slightly differentiated by
the peristome structure. Nyholm (1956) rescued it at the speci�ic level, and provided new
morphological characters to distinguish it, especially the wide ribs and striate exostome
(contrarily to narrow ribs and papillose exostome in O. af�ine). Forty years later, Lewinsky
(1998) formally synonymized it with O. af�ine, and thus has it been considered from then
on. However, Frahm (2011) observed a diffuse and highly variable morphological differen-
tiation that could justify some infraspeci�ic consideration for this taxon, although he did
not propose any formal taxonomic change. Furthermore, Medina et al. (2009) observed two
different patterns in spores ornamentation within samples attributed to O. af�ine, without
identifying any geographical pattern. Moreover, these authors found the two types of spo-
res within the same sample. Finally, while studying the genus Orthotrichum for the Iberian
Bryological Flora, Lara and Garilleti (2014) found differences in several morphological cha-
racters that strongly suggested the existence of two separate taxa. These are the different
development of the exothecial bands, the structure and ornamentation of the exostome and
the ornamentation of the spores.
In this context we have developed a morphometric and molecular study, including samples
originally attributed to O. af�ine that span along its geographic range. An initial morphologi-
cal study allowed the differentiation of two morphotypes on the basis of the detected quali-
tative characters. Samples of these two morphotypes were analyzed with multivariate sta-
tistical techniques, using 21 quantitative morphological characters that have been proved to
be taxonomically useful within the genus. In addition, the genetic variation underlying the
two morphotypes has been analyzed on two nuclear and two chloroplast loci. Both the mor-
phological and molecular results point to the differentiation of two taxa at the species level,
and therefore the reinstallation of O. fastigiatum is proposed.
Dancing with the distinction of Orthotrichum
af�ine and O. fastigiatum, a morpho-molecular
approach.
SEB3.05
Systematics, Evolution and Biogeography
73
Pérez-Ortega S.1, Garrido-Benavent I.1, Grube M.2, Olmo R.3, de los
Ríos A.1
1 Depto. Biogeoquímica y Ecología Microbiana, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Na-
turales (CSIC). C/ Serrano 115 bis. 28006 Madrid. España. E-mail: igbenavent@
mncn.csic.es
2 Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria. E-mail: martin.gru-
be@uni-graz.at
3 Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida de Carlos III s/n, 45071 Toledo,
Spain. E-mail: rociolmo89@gmail.com
La familia Xanthopyreniaceae comprende cinco géneros que albergan tanto hongos lique-
nícolas como formadores de líquenes. Estos líquenes, que forman simbiosis con especies
de cianobacterias, muestran características morfológicas y anatómicas que los sitúan en
el límite del concepto de líquen. Mediante el análisis �ilogenético con seis marcadores
moleculares (nuLSU, nuSSU, mtSSU, RPB1, RPB2 y TEF-α) hemos logrado situar a estar
familia dentro de la superclase Dothideomyceta, aunque no ha sido posible averiguar
su ubicación exacta. Describimos el nuevo orden Collemopsidiales para acomodar esta
familia y ofrecemos los primeros datos sobre las relaciones �ilogenéticas dentro de ella.
Mediante el uso de cinco fósiles como puntos de calibración, estimamos el origen del or-
den Collemopsidiales en c. 230 M ya. Por último, usando dos marcadores moleculares y
algoritmos de delimitación de especies, analizamos la diversidad especí�ica dentro de las
especies marinas del género Collemopsidium. Nuestros resultados apuntan a que existe
una gran diversidad de especies que no ha sido descrita hasta la fecha, con resultados
preliminares que señalan c. 26 taxa. La capacidad de perforación del substrato en este
grupo parece haber evolucionado en paralelo en varios linajes a lo largo de su evolución.
El nuevo orden Collemopsidiales (Dothideomy-
ceta) alberga una gran diversidad de especies
marinas del género Collemopsidium
SEB3.07
Systematics, Evolution and Biogeography
74
de Mastodia tessellata (Ascomycota, Fungi) en
Garrido-Benavent I., de los Ríos A., Pérez-Ortega S.
Depto. Biogeoquímica y Ecología Microbiana, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Natura-
les (CSIC). C/ Serrano 115 bis. 28006 Madrid. España.
E-mail: igbenavent@mncn.csic.es
La biota antártica presenta numerosas especies de hongos formadores de líquenes con dis-
tribución bipolar (c. 40% de la diversidad total). Este patrón biogeográ�ico es relativamen-
te común en especies de estos organismos, mientras que en otros grupos terrestres suele
quedar relegado a nivel de género y família. Sin embargo, todavía no se ha propuesto un
mecanismo que explique el origen de las poblaciones de hongos liquenizados bipolares con
presencia en el continente Antártico. Hasta el momento, la dispersión a larga distancia �igu-
ra como el mecanismo más plausible para explicar dicha distribución disyunta, pero siendo
este el caso, se desconoce si las especies bipolares llegaron o se originaron en el continente
antártico.
Mastodia tessellata (Ascomycota) forma líquenes que tienen que hacer frente a condiciones
ambientales extremas, tanto por sus distribución geográ�ica, como por su nicho ecológico. El
hongo establece una simbiosis con el alga laminar Prasiola borealis mediante la cual ambos
organismos son capaces de prosperar en un ambiente dominado por intensos periodos de
hidratación-desecación como ocurre en el cinturón supralitoral. Se distribuye por Alaska
y Siberia, en el hemisferio norte, y Tierra de Fuego, Antártida, Tasmania y Nueva Zelanda,
en el hemisferio sur. En el ámbito de la �ilogeogra�ía, M. tessellata constituye un organismo
modélico para testar la hipótesis del origen antártico de un organismo con este patrón bio-
geográ�ico y discernir el papel que han tenido los procesos históricos en su moldeado.
Más de 200 individuos fueron muestreados en 15 poblaciones a lo largo de un eje sur-norte
abarcando desde la Península Antártica hasta Alaska, incluyendo Tierra de Fuego. Los datos
moleculares obtenidos con la ampli�icación de tres marcadores nucleares (ITS, EFA y MCM7)
fueron analizados para: a) inferir clústeres genéticos en base a modelos de mixture y admix-
ture; b) explorar las relaciones genealógicas entre haplotipos; c) elaborar reconstrucciones
�ilogenéticas datadas de cada marcador por separado, y combinadas; d) proponer y con-
trastar varios modelos de migración bajo el marco teórico de la coalescencia, y e) explicar la
evolución de los tamaños poblacionales a través del tiempo. Los primeros resultados apun-
tan hacia una fuerte estructura poblacional que muestra la existencia de tres linajes que re-
presentan Alaska, Tierra de Fuego y Antártida, con la presencia de haplotipos compartidos
entre las dos últimas regiones. El origen de M. tessellata data de �inales del Mioceno, o del
Pleistoceno, según diferentes aproximaciones.
SEB3.08
Systematics, Evolution and Biogeography
75
SEACOLORS: Natural pigments from selected mi-
croalgae with potential application in the textile
industry
Rodríguez-Ramos T. 1, Peñuela-Mendoza A. 1, Botía-López P. 1,
Sánchez-Humayor M. 1, Martel-Quintana A. 1,2 & Gómez-Pinchetti
J.L. 1,2
1 Banco Español de Algas, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Muelle de
Taliarte s/n, 35214 Telde, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
2
de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
SEACOLORS main aim is the demonstration and validation of obtaining natural dyes from
a sustainable and renewable source, algae, and their application in textile industry to re-
place synthetic dyes, which are pollutant and harmful for the environment. Under this
approach, less contaminated wastewaters will be obtained due to the higher biodegrada-
bility of natural dyes, thus reducing water puri�ication processes.
To identify and select potential microalgae and cyanobacteria that can be used as raw
material for the dye industry, a number of strains obtained from natural samples, isola-
ted, characterized and included within the BEA collection, have been assayed at a labora-
tory scale to determine growth characteristics (growth rates, duplication times, biomass
and/or pigment yields) and pigments/dyes composition that might be useful for indus-
trial dyeing processes. Growth performances and target pigment/dye concentrations have
been quanti�ied from the biomass obtained under laboratory standard conditions.
Microalgae and cyanobacteria strains have been selected by considering both: (1) possi-
bilities of being cultivated at pilot scale, performing consistent biomass yields in a sus-
tainable way; and (2) pigments/dyes pro�ile and accumulation characteristics (possible
nutrient/light effects). Pigments/dyes pro�ile and concentration are being checked, accor-
ding to standard methodology per group of pigments (phycobiliproteins – red and blue,
and carotenoids – orange and yellow), at the same time as each strain’s growth under
controlled conditions (light, photoperiod, temperature, CO2 pulses and selected growth
media). Extracts are being checked for pigment/dye concentration and purity criteria. Bio-
mass, liquid crude extracts and freeze-dried pigments are being prepared to check dyeing
performance.
Main screening results from selected strains will be presented considering target pig-
ments/dyes. Until now, best performances were obtained with: Synechococcus sp. (CCBA
0132) and Erythrotrichia sp. (BEA 0620) for red pigment/dye phycoerythrin; Arthrospira
platensis (BEA 0007) and Leptolyngbia sp. (BEA 0946) for blue pigment/dye phycocyanin;
and, Halochlorella rubescens (BEA 0069) and Sarcynochrysis marina (BEA 0313) for oran-
ge/yellow pigments/dyes carotenoids
TH1.01
Technology and Heritage
76 Lichen-induced geochemical weathering of
schist surfaces in Côa Valley Archaeological Park
(NE Portugal)
Oliveira C.1, Marques J.1, Paz-Bermúdez G.2, Almeida R1 & Prieto B.3
1 CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Campus
Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
2 Escola Universitaria de Enxeñería Forestal, Universidade de Vigo, Camus A Xun-
queira s/n, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain.
3 Departamento de Edafología y Química Agrícola, Facultad de Farmacia, Universi-
dad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
The Côa Valley Archaeological Park (Vila Nova de Foz Côa, northeast Portugal), is a UNESCO
world heritage site holding one of the world’s most important collections of Prehistoric
open-air rock-art. Lichens are the most abundant colonizers of the engraved rock surfaces
in the park but their impact on rock surface weathering, and rock-art deterioration, is still
a matter of debate. The present study addresses the geochemical weathering of schist by
Aspicilia contorta subsp. hoffmanniana S. Ekman & Fröberg ex R. Sant., Caloplaca subsoluta
(Nyl.) Zahlbr., Lecanora pseudistera Nyl. and Peltula euploca (Ach.) Poelt ex Ozenda & Clau-
zade, four dominant colonizers of exposed schist surfaces in the region. Based on element
analyses by X-ray �luorescence (XRF), this study shows the mobility of major elements asso-
ciated with rock surface colonization by three out of the four studied lichens. Mobilization of
elements was detected in the rock-lichen interface of colonized surfaces and these changes
re�lected an increase in the content of some elements including P, Mg, Si and Ca and decrease
of others including Al and K, that can be related to processes of element leaching, adsorp-
tion or mineral neoformation at the lichen-rock interface. Caloplaca subsoluta is associated
with the highest number of changes in the amount of assessed elements, among the studied
species. Samples colonized by Lecanora pseudistera had no detected in�luence on element
content, contrasting with the strong activity in surfaces colonized by Caloplaca subsoluta.
Considering the observed heterogeneity in element mobility across species, lichen-induced
weathering is case-dependent and it seems necessary to assess the effect of each species
individually when evaluating the impact of lichen colonization.
Preliminary results of the effect of microclimate on lichen-induced geochemical weathering
reveal that geochemical alteration occurs mainly on dry surfaces and is much reduced or
potentially absent on moister surfaces.
These results have important implications for open-air rock-art conservation in the Côa Va-
lley Archaeological Park as engraved surfaces are mainly concentrated on south-east facing
slopes. There is probably some variation in the relative abundance of neoformed and alte-
ration minerals in different portions of the samples but according to present evidence, the
lichens currently dominant on the vertical schist surfaces in the Côa Valley are unlikely to be
responsible for the differential rock surface weathering, and consequent distribution pat-
tern of engraved surfaces.
TH1.02
Technology and Heritage
77
Lichen biota on stone monuments in the Iberian
Peninsula
Atienza V., Torres V., & Mansanet C.J.
The main objective of this study consists in providing current data (1994 -2014) on the
knowledge status of lichen biota that grows on stone monuments that belong to the his-
toric heritage in the Iberian Peninsula. A search for bibliographic references of scienti�ic
articles on this topic was made (Scopus, Google, PubMed, etc.) and 11 studies on monu-
ments biodeterioration were selected. A data analysis (statistical and clustering) of their
lichen biota information was done to know the richness of lichen species, the families
they belong to, their different life forms, their photobiont, and what the representative
(eutrophic, xerophytic, photophytic, acidophilous, etc.) functional groups are. The analy-
sis showed 319 lichen species located in the Iberian Peninsula, of which 105 were found
in Portugal that belong to 90 genera and 60 families. The most representative family was
Teloschistaceae and the genera Caloplaca sens. lat. with 36 species. The crustaceous life
form was the most abundant with 75-95% of all the species on monuments. The green
photobiont Trebouxia was the most frequent (90%). In addition the results indicate that
northwestern granitic monuments of the Iberian Peninsula have more hygrophytic, me-
sophotophytic, mesotrophic and acidophilous lichen species. However on central and
southeastern calcareous monuments, xerophytic, photophytic, eutrophic and, basophi-
lous lichen biotas predominate. As data were obtained from the literature, the results are
preliminary and must be handled carefully.
TH2.01
Technology and Heritage
78
biliproteína y biomasa en Arthrospira maxima
(Phormidiaceae).
Cano J. y Montenegro L.
Laboratorio de cultivo de algas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Bogotá.
Arthrospira maxima (Spirulina) es una cianobacteria fotosintética que contiene entre un
55% y 70% de proteína, lo cual la hace un organismo de interés para la industria alimen-
taria. Sin embargo, en países del tercer mundo como Colombia la seguridad alimentaria
es un tema de interés prioritario, puesto que en algunos de sus municipios 1 de cada
3 niños se encuentran en estado de desnutrición, siendo la producción de biomasa de
Arthrospira maxima una solución a dicho problema. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue
evaluar tres abonos comerciales (Nitrax, Fertitec y Yara) como fuente de nitrógeno en la
acumulación de biomasa y �icobiliproteínas, adicionalmente como característica de cada
abono debe ser de fácil acceso y bajo costo para la comunidad campesina y familias de
escasos recursos. De acuerdo a lo anterior se realizaron cultivos de Arthrospira maxima
durante 15 días sometidos a medios nutritivos con diferentes concentraciones de cada
abono, de igual manera se suprimieron los nutrientes complementarios. Se tomaron me-
diciones de: conteo celular, cuanti�icación de peso seco y contenido de cloro�ilas y �ico-
biliproteínas. De los tres abonos evaluados solo Abono Yara dio resultados exitosos en el
crecimiento y producción de biomasa, obteniendo 0,95 gramos / litro de biomasa seca. El
análisis estadístico reveló que este abono en las diferentes concentraciones usadas, con
o sin los nutrientes suplementarios no presenta diferencias signi�icativas con un 95% de
con�ianza, mostrando un p-valor de 0.062
TH2.02
Technology and Heritage
79
POSTER
PRESENTATIONS
80
ca Ibérica
Alicia Ederra1 & Juan Guerra2
1 Departamento de Biología Ambiental (Botánica),
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Navarra, 31008
Pamplona. aederra@unav.es
2 Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Botánica), Facul-
tad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de
Espinardo, 30071 Murcia. jguerra@um.es
En esta comunicación aportamos los resultados del
estudio que hemos realizado de la familia Hylocomia-
ceae para el proyecto Flora Briofítica Ibérica.
En el área geográfi ca que cubre la Flora Briofítica Ibé-
rica se pueden encontrar 8 especies de la familia, re-
partidos en 5 géneros:
Hylocomium splendes (Hedw.) Schimp.
Hylocomiastrum pyrenaicum (Spruce) M.Fleisch. ex
Broth.
Hylocomiastrum umbratum (Hedw.) M.Fleisch. ex
Broth.
Loeskeobryum brevirostre (Brid.) M.Fleisch.
Pleurozium schreberi (Willd. ex Brid.) Mitt.
Rhytidiadelphus loreus (Hedw.) Warnst.
Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus (Hedw.) Warnst.
Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus (Hedw.) Warnst.
Se trata de especies con caracteres morfológicos
poco variables y por tanto bien defi nidas, que viven
sobre todo en bosques eurosiberianos o de coníferas,
por lo que su área de distribución se ciñe al norte de
la Península Ibérica.
Algunas especies son muy comunes (H. splendens,
R. triquetrus) por lo que hay muchas citas bibliográfi -
cas refrendadas por abundantes material depositado
en los herbarios ibéricos. Otras en cambio son muy
raras (H. pyrenaicum, H. umbratum), se conocen de
pocas localidades, hay poco material de herbario y en
ocasiones se trata de muestras recolectadas hace ya
muchos años; su rareza hace que sus caracteres dife-
renciales sean poco conocidos y que se les considere
“Vulnerables” (Brugués & González-Mancebo, 2012).
Aportamos claves de identifi cación, descripción de
los caracteres diferenciales más importantes e ico-
nografía original de todas las especies de la familia,
indicando en algún caso las últimas recolecciones co-
nocidas.
Bibliografía
Brugués M. & González-Mancebo J.M. (2012) Lista Roja de los Briofi tos
Amenazados de España. En Atlas y Libro Rojo de los Briofi tos Amena-
zados de España. pp. 25-42. Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y
Medio Ambiente. Madrid.
BC.P2. Presencia y abundancia de Peri-
dinium cinctum y Peridinium willei (Pe-
ridiniales, Dinophyceae) en el Lago de
Sanabria (NW España)
Negro A.I. 1, Rodríguez Tramujas T.1 y De Hoyos C.2
1 Área de Ecología. Universidad de Salamanca. Sala-
manca, España. e-mail : negro@usal.es
2 Centro de Estudios Hidrográfi cos del CEDEX. Ma-
drid, España. e-mail : Caridad.deHoyos@cedex.es
Peridinium cinctum (O. F. Müller) Ehrenberg 1832 y
Peridinium willei Huitfeldt-Kaas 1900 son dos de las
especies de dinofl agelados tecados más citadas en
los estudios de fi toplancton continental, incluidos los
de lagos y embalses españoles. En el Lago de Sana-
bria (NW España) P. cinctum ha sido citada en varios
trabajos, pero no hay referencias de la presencia de P.
willei en este lago. Sin embargo P. willei sí ha apareci-
do en otros sistemas lacustres de la zona. El objetivo
de este trabajo es efectuar un análisis minuc-ioso de
la identidad de los individuos de Peridinium de tama-
ño grande en el Lago de Sanabria para comprobar si
se da o no en él coexistencia de P. cinctum y P. willei,
y describir la dinámica de estas especies a lo largo
del año. El estudio se basa en muestras de fi toplanc-
ton de red y cuantitativas recogidas mensualmente
entre mayo de 1998 y abril de 2000. Los resultados
de las muestras de red muestran que P. cinctum y P.
willei estuvieron presentes simultáneamente práctica-
mente durante todo el periodo de estudio, aunque las
abundancias absolutas (en individuos/l) calculadas
con muestras integradas de la zona eufótica, fueron
en ambas especies bajas, e incluso no se detectaron
individuos en muchas de estas muestras. Las mayo-
res densidades de las dos especies se observaron en
la época de estratifi cación (julio-agosto de 1998) o al
inicio de la misma (mayo-junio de 1999), coincidiendo
con las menores concentraciones de nutrientes en el
agua (fósforo reactivo soluble y nitratos). Los máxi-
mos anuales de P. cinctum fueron de magnitud muy
similar en ambos años, pero P. willei fue mucho más
abundante en 1999, superando además a P. cinctum,
lo que podría ser explicado por la mayor tolerancia de
P. willei a las bajas temperaturas. En mayo y junio de
1999 se analizaron muestras tomadas a varias profun-
didades para observar la distribución vertical de am-
bas especies. En los dos meses P. willei se concentró
en capas más próximas a la superfi cie que P. cinctum,
lo que está de acuerdo con observaciones de otros
autores que apuntan a una mayor capacidad de creci-
miento de P. willei con altos niveles de radiación.
Biodiversity & Conservation
81
BC.P3. El género Pseudevernia en la Pe-
nínsula Ibérica
Fontecha-Galán, A., Burgaz, A. R.
Departamento de Biología Vegetal I, Facultad de Bio-
logía. Universidad Complutense, Madrid
El género Pseudevernia se incluye en el denominado
clado Hypogymnoide junto con los géneros Arctopar-
melia, Brodoa e Hypogymnia (Crespo et al. 2010, Thell
et al. 2012). En la Península Ibérica está integrado por
una única especie: Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf.
Es un liquen foliáceo, muy despegado del substrato
dando un aspecto fruticuloso, con simetría dorsiven-
tral y uno o varios puntos de sujección. Sus lacinias
son aplanadas, divididas dicotómicamente y con los
bordes recurvados, dando a la cara inferior un aspec-
to acanalado, sin rizinas y de color negro, aclarándo-
se hacia los ápices. La cara superior es gris-verdosa,
generalmente presenta isidios cilíndricos, en ocasio-
nes ramifi cados o coraloides e incluso aplanados y
espatulados en los bordes y ápices. Raramente pre-
senta apotecios, en la cara superior, pedunculados y
de pequeño tamaño, cóncavos, lecanorinos y disco
marrón-rojizo. Tiene ascos claviformes con ocho es-
poras, simples y elipsoides. Crece en substratos áci-
dos, corticícola, generalmente sobre coníferas o cor-
tezas ácidas de árboles caducifolios, muy raramente
es saxícola. (Seaward & Purvis 2009).
No existe ningún trabajo monográfi co anterior en la
Península Ibérica con la excepción del realizado por
López-Redondo & Manrique-Reol (1989) sobre la va-
riabilidad química de la especie. Pero hay numerosas
citas en trabajos fl orísticos diversos.
Se ha realizado una búsqueda bibliográfi ca, se han re-
visado los especímenes procedentes de los herbarios
MACB, MAF-Lichen y MA-Lichen y se muestra su dis-
tribución en la península.
Se han encontrado las dos variedades descritas:
furfuracea y ceratea (Ach.) D. Hawksw. morfológica-
mente iguales y sólo distinguibles por la reacción C
de la medula (C- var. furfuracea/C+ rojo var. ceratea)
debido a la presencia de ácido olivetórico en ésta úl-
tima (Seaward & Purvis 2009). Los datos moleculares
no diferencian estos especímenes (Ferenkova et al.
2010). Hay ejemplares sorediados reconocidos como
un taxón distinto,---(Bitter) Zopf (Hale 1968) pero no
han sido reconocidos como una entidad taxonómica
distinta (Hafellner & Obermayer 2004, Ferenkova et al.
2010) ya que en realidad parece ser la respuesta a la
infección de un hongo liquenícola.
Referencias:
Crespo, A. et al. 2010. Taxon 59: 1735-1753.
Ferenkova, Z. et al. 2010. Lichenologist 42(4): 449-460.
Hafellner, J. & Obermayer, W. 2004. Herzogia 17: 45-50.
Hale, M. E. 1968. Bryologist 71: 1-11.
López-Redondo, F. & Manrique Reol, E. 1989. Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid
46(1): 295-305.
Seaward, M. R. D. & Purvis, O. W. 2009. The lichens of Great Britain
and Ireland.
Thell, A. et al. 2012. Nordic J. Bot. 30: 641-664.
BC.P4. New records of Cladoniaceae
from Croatia
Burgaz, A. R.; Fontecha-Galán, A.; Gutiérrez-Larruga,
B. & Rodríguez-Arribas, C.
Departamento Biología Vegetal I, Facultad de Biología,
Universidad Complutense, Madrid
In the framework of the Project related with the
Cladoniaceae family in the Mediterranean area of
Eurasia new records of the family from Croatia are
presented. The country is included in the Holarctic
Kingdom and is shared between the Illyrian province
of the Circumboreal Region (Polunin & Walters 1989),
where the beech forests are dominant above 1000 m,
with different vegetation series related to the substrate,
and the Adriatic province of the Mediterranean Region
with xerothermic evergreen vegetation dominated by
Pinus halepensis and Quercus ilex close to the sea
level, and substituted by deciduous and thermophilous
oaks when the sea influence decreases (Trinajsti 1995).
The dominant substrate is calcareous (limestones,
karst and dolomites).
Nearly 500 specimens were collected this spring in the
north and center of the country (provinces of Istria,
Karlobac, Lika-Senj, Primorje-Gorski Kotar, Šibenik-
Knin, Zadra and Zagreb) most of them belong to the
Velebit mountains located between the inner Dinaric
Alps and the Adriatic Sea. The species were determined
by their morphology and chemical characters. The
secondary compounds were TLC analyzed according
to standard procedures. After an examination of
works on lichens of Croatia (Christensen 1988, 1987;
Christensen & Hansen 1994, Labak et al. 2011, Ozimec
2011, Ozimec et al. 2009, 2010; Burgaz & Pino-Bodas
2012) some of our collections represent extensions of
the range of the species.
Of the 40 species reported 8 are new records to Croatia:
Cladonia conista, C. cyathomorpha, C. incrassata,
C. novochlorophaea, C. parasitica, C. pulvinella, C.
peziziformis and C. af. libifera. Two chemotypes were
founded in C. rangiformis (ATR, RAN; ATR, RAN, FUM)
and in C. subrangiformis (ATR, FUM; ATR, FUM, BOU).
Some records with only one reference: C. caespiticia,
C. firma, C. digitata, C. deformis, C. phyllophora, C. rei
and Pycnothelia papillaria are confirmed.
Referencias:
Burgaz, A. R. & Pino-Bodas, R. 2012. Bot. Complut. 36: 13-18.
Christensen, S. N. 1987. Acta Bot. Croat. 46: 161-171.
Christensen, S. N. 1988. Acta Bot. Croat. 47: 127-134.
Christensen, S. N. & Hansen, E. S. 1994. Acta Bot. Croat. 53: 101-113.
Labak, I. et al. 2011. Nat. Croat. 20(1): 35-52.
Ozimec, S. 2011. Acta Biol. Slovenica 54(1): 15-42.
Ozimec, S. et al. 2009. Nat. Croat. 18 (2): 367-385.
Ozimec, S. et al. 2010. Acta Bot. Croat. 69(1): 19-29.
Partl, A. 2011. Acta Bot. Croat. 70(1): 99-107.
Polunin, O. & Walters, M. 1989. Guía de la vegetación de Europa.
Trinajsti, I. 1995. Annales Forestales 20(2): 37-66.
Financial support from the project CGL2013-41839-P, Ministry of
Economy and Competitiveness, Spain.
82
tica de Cladonia rangiformis (Cladonia-
ceae, Ascomycota)
Pino-Bodas, R.1, Burgaz, A. R.2, Laguna, M.3, Sten-
roos, S.1, Ahti, T.1, Martín, M. P.3
1. Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of
Helsinki
2 Facultad de Biología. Universidad Complutense,
Madrid
3. Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid
Cladonia rangiformis tiene su centro de distribución en la
región Mediterránea (Litterski & Ahti 2004), siendo la espe-
cie más abundante en la Península Ibérica (Burgaz & Ahti
2009). Presenta una gran variación fenotípica (Laudon 1971;
Ahti 1978; Brown & Smirnoff 1978; Burgaz & Ahti 1992; Lit-
terski & Ahti 2004), puede presentar podecios con escuá-
mulas o carentes de ellas, con manchas blancas medulares
o sin ellas, podecios muy ramifi cados o no, con diferentes
grado de robustez y provistos de soredios o sin ellos. Se
han descrito dos quimiótipos, el más común contiene atra-
norina y ácido rangiformico y el quimiótipo II con atrano-
rina, ácido rangiformico y ácido fumarprotocetrárico. Esta
variación condujo a que se describieran distintos taxones,
C. aberrans, C. pungens, C. rangiformis var. gracillima y C.
rangiformis var. sorediophora. Actualmente la mayor parte
de los autores consideran a estos taxones como sinónimos
pero hasta la fecha no se ha realizado un estudio taxonómi-
co exhaustivo. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron: 1) estu-
diar si existe alguna correlación entre la variación fenotípica
y genética de C. rangiformis y 2) determinar si los taxones
descritos dentro de C. rangiformis merecen algún estatus
taxonómico.
Se han estudiado 70 especímenes procedentes de la Penín-
sula Ibérica, La Macaronesia, Alemania, Bosnia i Herzegovi-
na, Croacia, Finlandia, Grecia, Irán, Republica Checa, Suecia
y Turquía. Un exhaustivo estudio morfológico ha sido lleva-
do a cabo, tomando medidas de: el número de ramifi cacio-
nes por podecio, tipo de ramifi caciones, ángulos de las ra-
mifi caciones, longitud de los entrenudos, grosor de la pared
del podecio, así como de cada una de sus capas y la cober-
tura de la capa algal. Los metabolitos secundarios fueron
analizados mediante TLC (White & James 1985). Además se
han obtenido secuencias de tres loci (ITS rDNA, IGS rDNA y
rpb2) que fueron analizadas mediante Máxima Parsimonia,
Máximo Likelihood e inferencia Bayesiana.
Nuestros análisis muestran que Cladonia rangiformis no es
genéticamente homogénea, sin embargo los linajes fi loge-
néticos encontrados no corresponden con los taxones pre-
viamente descritos.
BC.P6. Assessment of biodiversity pat-
Sintra (Portugal) and evaluation of the
impact of environmental changes on
community structure of saxicolous br-
yophytes
Cecilia Cacciatoria/b*, César Garciab & Cecília Sérgiob
a Scuola di Bioscienze e Medicina Veterinaria - Strut-
tura Operativa “Biodiversità vegetale e Gestione de-
gli ecosistemi”. Laboratorio di Briologia, Universitá di
Camerino, Via Pontoni 5 – 62032 Camerino, Italy. cime-
tempestose.85@gmail.com
b Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência/
CE3C-Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmen-
tal Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de
Lisboa. Rua da Escola Politécnica, 58, 1250-102 Lis-
boa, Portugal
The Serra de Sintra represents a remarkable site in Portugal
from the point of view of bryophyte biodiversity. Its geogra-
phical position and climatic conditions, characterized by a
mixture of atlantic and Mediterranean traits, allow for un-
common species richness and the occurrence of taxa found
nowhere else in continental Portugal and shared only with
Macaronesian islands, such as the liverworts Marchesinia
mackaii and Drepanolejeunea hamatifolia. Given the interest
hold by this region, a thorough study of the main features of
the bryofl ora of the Serra de Sintra, overall and in relation to
specifi c factors, habitats and substrates, was undertaken.
As a fi rst step a check-list of taxa occurring in this region
and a description of the features of its bryofl ora were reali-
zed. Overall, 279 taxa were recorded in the Serra de Sintra,
out of which 5 belonging to Anthocerotophyta, 87 to Mar-
chantiophyta and 187 to Bryophyta. The dominance of the
oceanic species on the other chorological types has clearly
emerged from this study. The most striking feature of the
bryofl ora of this region is represented by its uncommonly
high density of taxa, around 9,3 per square kilometer. The
Serra de Sintra represents a relevant site in Portugal also
from the conservational point of view, hosting around 30
taxa which are regarded as threatened at national level (Ser-
gio et al. 2013).
Since one of the main morphological features of this erup-
tive massif is represented by the very high density of boul-
ders and rocks, the second stage of this study consisted
in assessing the ecological features and distributional pat-
terns of bryophyte communities developing on such an
abundantly available and highly characterizing substrate.
The survey included boulders and rocks measuring at least
1,30 x 1,30 x 1,30m, which were checked on four sides (N,S,
E, O) and on the top with a 1x1m square. The main objectives
of the study consist in assessing the infl uence of climatic
and environmental factors, as well as of human impact, on
distributional patterns of saxicolous bryophytes. The study
being still in its fi rst stage, interesting results are expected
from its development.
During fi eldwork for this second stage of the study a species
new for Portugal, Isopterygiopsis mulleriana, was discove-
red in the Serra de Sintra, which confi rms the importance of
this region as a bryophyte refugium not only for Macarone-
sian species spreading towards mainland Europe but also
for species from continental Europe expanding towards its
edge.
83
BC.P7. Identifying spatio-temporal and
anthropogenic factors to understand
the expansion of Campylopus intro�lexus
(Hedw.) Brid. in Portugal
Sérgio C 1, Garcia C A 1, Sim-Sim M 2, Stow S 3,4, Martins
A 1 & Figueira R 5
1 Universidade de Lisboa, Museu Nacional de História Natural e da
Ciência/ CE3C-Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental
Changes. Rua da Escola Politécnica, 58, 1250-102 Lisboa, Portugal.
E-mail: csergio@fc.ul.pt
2 Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa/CE3C-Centre for
Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes. Lisboa, Portugal.
3 The Natural History Museum, Life Sciences Department, Plants Di-
vision, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK.
4 The Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of
Anthropology and Conservation, Marlowe Building, University of
Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NR, UK.
5 Instituto de Investigação Científi ca Tropical, Trav. Conde da Ribei-
ra 9, 1300-142 Lisboa.
Campylopus introfl exus (Hedw.) Brid. is one of the 100
worst alien species in Europe and is a classic example
of a recently introduced bryophyte in Europe (Stech &
Dohrmann, 2004). Recorded for the fi rst time in Portugal
only in 1996 (Sérgio, 1997), it was subsequently detected
in numerous new areas and its spread is currently alar-
ming. In 2003 approximately 40 new locations (Sérgio et
al., 2003) were revealed in regions with a clear Atlantic in-
fl uence but to date this species is known from more than
170 localities in the country and, in many of these areas,
it covers extensive spaces.
Diverse studies have highlighted the methodological de-
fi ciencies for understanding Campylopus introfl exus’s
expansion, particularly due to the complex interactions
between ecological factors and reproduction strategy,
perhaps including genetic disorders. In this work, we
used changes in land-use and human impact to identify
and evaluate the possible causes of spread that aid the
species’ effectiveness in reaching new areas.
In order to investigate the relationship between increa-
sing C. introfl exus and anthropogenic pressure, we
modeled the evolution of area of occupancy in relation
to environmental variables, including some related to
climatic conditions. We validated MaxEnt distribution
prediction models using new presence and true absen-
ce data, which showed agreement in the evolution of C.
introfl exus’s area of occupancy.
Taking into account these results, we suggest, if possi-
ble, minimizing the species’ impact on native biodiversity
by selecting sites to monitor and mitigate the spread of
this invasive species, and can be used in the future to
identify new critical areas.
LITERATURE CITED
Sérgio, C. 1997. Primeiras localidades para Portugal de Campylopus in-
trofl exus (Hedw.) Brid. In: Sérgio C Notulae Bryofl orae Lusitanicae VI.3.
Portugaliae Acta Biologica. 17: 273-274.
Sérgio, C., Séneca, A., C., Vieira, C. Garcia, J., Ferreira & R., Figueira.
2003. Campylopus introfl exus (Hedw.) Brid. em Portugal. Novos dados
sobre uma espécie invasora. In Notulae Bryofl orae Lusitanicae IX. 3.
Portugaliae Acta Biologica 21: 285-288.
BC.P9. Bryophytes rising from the ashes:
preservation of gametophyte remains in
archaeological sites from Sabor valley
Vieira C1, Hespanhol H1, Portela P1, Alves C1, Jesus
A2, Martins I2, Seabra L2, Leite J2, Sastre J3, Pereira S3,
Gaspar R3, Tereso J1
1 CIBIO - Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e
Recursos Genéticos & InBIO - Rede de Investigação
em Biodiversidade e Biologia Evolutiva, Laboratório
Associado
2 Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto
3 Baixo Sabor ACE
Bryophyte charred remains are infrequently recove-
red from archaeological excavations and their preser-
vation as carbonized elements is generally doubtful,
since most tissues do not contain lignin. However,
some bryophytes tissues might contain silica or be
protected by a cuticle, both of which may enhance
their preservation potential and charring in such con-
texts (Reitz & Shackley, 2012).
During the archaeological excavations in the Sabor
valley (Northeast Portugal) regular archaeobotanical
sampling methods took place in several sites from
different chronologies. During the analyses of the
fl oated samples from two of the surveyed sites, car-
bonized gametophyte remains of bryophytes were
recovered among archaeological charcoal, seeds and
fruits. In Terraço das Laranjeiras (site TL), bryophy-
te remains were recovered from Bronze Age pits (2nd
millennium BC). Although these pits were, interpreted
at fi rst as structures for storing cereals, the analysis
of archaeobotanical remains suggested that their con-
tents, at the phase of their abandonment, consisted
mostly of debris from daily activities, namely from
early stages of crops’ processing. The bryophytes
from Crestelos (Site C) were retrieved in six different
contexts: two post holes (C1), the fl oor of one hut (C2)
and two ovens (C3). These contexts were mostly from
the Iron Age (second half of the 1st millennium BC)
and the Roman Period (1st-3rd centuries AD).
The presence of these remains in archaeological sam-
ples proves that gametophytic organs and tissues can
be carbonized. Since many of this bryological fossils
are reduced to its gametophyte axis or fragmented
leaves, they are likely being tagged as “undetermi-
ned” plant remains or identifi ed only to the Family or
Genus level. To our knowledge, this is the fi rst time
that the possibility of preservation and identifi cation
of carbonized gametophytes of bryophytes is noticed
and registered in archaeological contexts. These re-
mains also play a role in understanding and charac-
terizing archaeological contexts and archaeobotanical
assemblages.
Reitz E & Shackley M (2012). Environmental Archaeo-
logy (Manuals in Archaeological Method, Theory and
Technique). 560 Pp.
84 BC.P10. Exploring the driest of the wet-
test: Morrocan watercourses’ bryo-
phytes functional signature along pres-
sure and hydrologic gradients
Vieira C 1, Rodríguez de Miñón E2, Portela P1
1 CIBIO - Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e
Recursos Genéticos & InBIO - Rede de Investigação
em Biodiversidade e Biologia Evolutiva, Laboratório
Associado
2 Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto
(FCUP).
Bryophytes can be found almost in every ecosystem and
they are one of the major groups of land plants despite their
small size. Normally they are theoretically associated only
to areas with high density of rain, due to their extreme de-
pendence upon water for their survival and reproduction,
but they can also be located in very arid areas, where they
also thrive thanks to specifi c morphologic and physiolo-
gic adaptations and reproduction strategies. The semi-arid
climate of the Mediterranean area, dry and hot in summer
and mild in winter, imply that the bryophytes play a secon-
dary role in the vegetation coverage and diversity of this
area. The substrates where bryophytes are mostly found in
Mediterranean’s areas are usually water-related habitats or
microhabitats (such as rocks, slopes or uncovered soils) in
more humid or heavily shaded conditions.
Aquatic bryophytes populations of watercourses in semi-
arid climates have a very important ecological function,
since they might be the solely providers of protection and
food to the water wildlife since they are the major primary
producers, especially in the watercourses with temporary
fl ow. Moreover, they represent an added value for habitat
and water quality conditions assessment since many are
perennial plants colonizing the riverbed and margins even
during low-fl ow conditions or drought events.
In 2012, a sampling campaign was performed 287 sites in
Morocco, and in 18 sites, watercourses with bryophytes
were found and surveyed. The characterization of the en-
vironmental parameters of this 18 sites was made with
multiple spatialized information using ArcMap software,
aiming to extract macro-, meso-, or microhabitat parame-
ters, contextualizing the sampling points within the Marro-
quin landscape and the human pressure on the surveyed
watercourses. The bryologic specimens were analyzed in
the laboratory to determine their specifi c diversity (species
richness) and functional profi le (life forms and strategies)
at each sampling point and the expected and unexpected
correlations analyzed.
The correlation analysis of the functional diversity of each
sampling point with the environmental context in terms of
dryness and human pressure gradients aimed to compre-
hend the patterns of bryophyte biological functional spectra
with the present climatic and conservation contexts. Mo-
reover, we discuss the implications that the future climate
change scenarios might have on the conservation of bryo-
logical elements in these fl uvial scenarios of Mediterranean
arid areas.
el monterverde canario
Cristina González-Montelongo & Israel Pérez-Vargas
Dpto. Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal. Univer-
sidad de La Laguna. Tenerife. Islas Canarias.
Entre los diversos ecosistemas del archipiélago ca-
nario encontramos el monteverde, bosque relíctico y
endémico de la Región Macaronésica, hábitat priorita-
rio de interés comunitario (incluido en la Red Natura
2000) y con una superfi cie total de 10.181 hectáreas
en el archipiélago canario (del Arco et al., 2010).
El objetivo de nuestro proyecto es conocer si los lí-
quenes epífi tos del monteverde presentan alguna afi -
nidad respecto al forófi to sobre el que se desarrollan.
Para ello se han establecido 6 parcelas de 100 m2 a
lo largo de la isla de Tenerife, siguiendo fundamental-
mente la metodología propuesta por Asta et al. (2002a-
b), con una serie de modifi caciones para adaptarla a
las características del territorio insular. Se han anali-
zado los líquenes epífi tos presentes en Erica arborea,
Ilex canariensis, Laurus novocanariensis y Morella
faya. El material recolectado fue identifi cado en el la-
boratorio a través de las técnicas habituales de Lique-
nología, y depositado en el Herbario de la Universidad
de La Laguna (TFC-Lich).
Los resultados preliminares obtenidos por NMDS y
ANOSIM muestran diferencias signifi cativas en la
composición liquénica presente en los árboles estu-
diados, lo que nos hace pensar en una posible espe-
cifi cidad de los líquenes hacia sus forófi tos. Dicha es-
pecifi cidad podría deberse tanto a las características
físicas de las cortezas estudiadas, como químicas o,
probablemente, a una combinación de ambas.
85
BC.P12. Are crustose attached coralli-
ne algae associated to maerl beds more
diverse than the unattached maerl-for-
ming ones?
Pardo C 1, Peña V 1, Barreiro R 1, & Bárbara I 1
1 BioCost Research Group, Departamento de Bioloxía
Animal, Bioloxía Vexetal e Ecoloxía, Facultade de
Ciencias S/N, Campus de A Coruña, Universidade da
Coruña, CP 15071-A Coruña, Spain
Traditionally, studies on non-geniculate coralline al-
gae in Atlantic Europe have focused in maerl-forming
species. Maerl beds are deposits of unattached, slow-
growing, non-geniculate red algae that play a critical
ecological role by building and consolidating habitats
that harbour high biodiversity. Despite the ample at-
tention paid to maerl forming-species, no study so far
has focused on the associated crustose corallines.
Here, we used DNA barcodes and morphological data
(Scanning Electron Microscope) to test: (i) if crusto-
se attached coralline algae associated to maerl beds
are more diverse than the unattached maerl-forming
species; and (ii) if any/some species occur under both
growth forms. The study was carried out with samples
collected from subtidal maerl beds in two MPAs (Ma-
rine Protected Areas): Parque Nacional Marítimo-Te-
rrestre das Illas Atlánticas de Galicia (Spain) and Parc
Naturel Marin d’Iroise (Brittany, France). Our data
show that the diversity of crustose attached species
is higher than that of the unattached ones. According
to DNA barcodes, the crustose attached algae belong
to four genera: Phymatolithon, Lithothamnion, Litho-
phyllum and Mesophyllum. Moreover, no species was
found growth under both forms.
Financial support: Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación of Spain (CTM2010-
18787, partially co-founded by FEDER, Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo
Regional) and Xunta de Galicia (10MMA103003PR). We thank Jacques
Grall for his assistance with obtaining specimens from Brittany. Cristina
Pardo acknowledges fi nancial support by Spain’s Ministerio de Educa-
ción (Programa FPU, 2010).
BC.P13. Nuclear DNA content in the
maerl-forming species Phymatolithon
calcareum (Rhodophyta)
Pardo C 1, Castro A 2, Veloso J 3, Yáñez J 2, Gómez Ga-
rreta A 4, Peña V 1, Bárbara I 1 & Barreiro R 1
1 BioCost Research Group, Departamento de Bioloxía
Animal, Bioloxía Vexetal e Ecoloxía, Facultade de
Ciencias S/N, Campus de A Coruña, Universidade da
Coruña, CP 15071-A Coruña, Spain
2 NEUROVER Research Group, Departamento de Bio-
loxía Celular e Molecular, Facultade de Ciencias S/N,
Campus de A Coruña, Universidade da Coruña, CP
15071-A Coruña, Spain
3 FISAPLANT Research Group, Departamento de Bio-
loxía Animal, Bioloxía Vexetal e Ecoloxía, Facultade de
Ciencias S/N, Campus de A Coruña, Universidade da
Coruña, CP 15071-A Coruña, Spain
4 Laboratori de Botànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Uni-
versitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII S/N, 08028-Bar-
celona, Spain.
Maerl beds are widespread accumulations of slow-
growing, unattached non-geniculate red algae that
build habitats harbouring a high biodiversity of spe-
cies. Within Atlantic Europe, one of the major maerl-
forming species is Phymatolithon calcareum (Pallas)
W. H. Adey & D. L. McKibbin (Corallinales, Rhodo-
phyta). This species is listed in the Annex V of the
European Union Habitats Directive as one of the two
maerl-forming species with community interest. Re-
cent molecular studies focused on the diversity and
taxonomy of the maerl-forming species (Carro et al.
2014; Pardo et al. 2014a,b; Peña et al. 2014) confi rm
that P. calcareum is one of the most abundant maerl-
forming species, and suggest that thallus fragmenta-
tion must be the main mechanism of propagation gi-
ven the low occurrence of fertile plants, all of them
assumed to be sporophytes (diploid). In other algal
groups, diploid and haploid phases have been distin-
guished attending to their nuclear DNA content asses-
sed with microspectrophotometry (Kapraun, 2005).
Here, we applied this technique to P. calcareum to
discriminate diploid/haploid phases. Preliminary re-
sults reveal a low nuclear DNA content that resembles
other red algae. We hope that this study will improve
our understanding of the life-history of maerl-forming
species.
References:
Carro et al. 2014. DNA barcoding allows the accurate assessment of
European maerl diversity: a proof-of-concept study. Phytotaxa 190: 176-
189.
Kapraun. 2005. Nuclear DNA content estimates in multicellular green,
red and brown algae: phylogenetic considerations. Annals of Botany 95:
7-44.
Pardo et al. 2014a. A multilocus species delimitation reveals a striking
number of species of coralline algae forming maerl in the OSPAR ma-
ritime area. PLoS ONE 9: e104073. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0104073.
Pardo et al. 2014b. Development and multiplexing of the fi rst microsate-
llite markers in a coralline red alga (Phymatolithon calcareum, Rhodo-
phyta). Phycologia 53: 474-479.
Peña et al. 2014. Detection of gametophytes in the maerl-forming spe-
cies Phymatolithon calcareum (Melobesioideae, Corallinales) assessed
by DNA barcoding. Cryptogamie, Algologie
86 BC.P14. The genus Hypnum Hedw. (Hyp-
naceae, Musci) in the Iberian Peninsula,
Balearic Islands and Macaronesia
Ríos D1, Gallego MT1, Guerra J1.
1 Murcia University, Spain.
A taxonomic revision of the genus Hypnum Hedw.
(Hypnaceae, Musci) in the Iberian Peninsula, Balea-
ric Islands and Macaronesia has been carried out on
the base of herbaria and fi eld material. Some 2740
specimens, including the most of type material, were
studied. The majority of studied specimens were bo-
rrowed from ARAN, B, BCB, BCN, BM, BP, C, E, FH,
FI, FCO, GDA, GFW, GLAM, HBG, HIRO, JE, LEB, M,
MACB, MAK, MGC, MO, NEU, NICH, NY, O, OXF, PC,
PR, S, SAAR, SALA, TFMC, TRH, U, UPS, VAL, VIT, W,
Z and ZT. The genus Hypnum is currently represen-
ted for 17 taxa (Ruiz & Brugués 2011) [H. andoi A.J.E.
Sm., H. callichroum Brid., H. cupressiforme Hedw. var.
cupressiforme Hedw., H. cupressiforme var. fi liforme
Brid., H. cupressiforme var. lacunosum Brid., H. cu-
pressiforme var. resupinatum (Taylor) Schimp., H.
cupressiforme var. subjulaceum Molendo, H. hamulo-
sum Schimp., H. imponens Hedw., H. jutlandicum Hol-
men & E. Warncke, H. pallescens (Hedw.) P. Beauv.,
H. procerrimum Molendo, H. recurvatum (Lind. & Ar-
nell) Kindb., H. revolutum (Mitt.) Lindb. var. revolutum,
H. revolutum (Mitt.) Lindb. var. dolomiticum (Milde)
Mönk., H. uncinulatum Jur. and H. vaucheri Lesq.].
The designation of new lectotypes as well as proposi-
tion of new synonyms are included. The conservation
of the name H. uncinulatum against H. pseudocupres-
siforme are proposed (Ríos et al. 2014). Hypnum cu-
pressiforme var. julaceum Molendo are added to the
study area (Ríos & Medina 2014). Morphological des-
criptions, photographs, drawings and identifi cation
keys for the species of Hypnum from the area are pro-
vided. The distinctions and distribution of all species
are discussed.
REFERENCES
RÍOS, D. & MEDINA, N. G. (2014). Nuevos datos corológicos sobre Hyp-
num cupressiforme Hedw. var. julaceum Brid. e Hypnum cupressiforme
Hedw. var. resupinatum (Taylor) Schimp. en la Península Ibérica. Bol.
Soc. Esp. Briol. 42-43: 47-52.
RÍOS, D., GALLEGO, M. T., GUERRA, J. (2014). Proposal to conserve
the name Hypnum uncinulatum against H. pseudocupressiforme (Bryo-
phyta: Hypnaceae). Taxon 63 (4): 938-939.
RUIZ, E. & BRUGUÉS, M. (2011). Distribución de las secciones Revolu-
tohypnum Mönk., Hamulosa Schimp. y Pseudostereodon (Broth.) Ando
del género Hypnum Hedw. en la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares. Bol.
Soc. Esp. Briol. 37: 25-34.
BC.P15. Efecto de la edad del árbol en
los patrones de diversidad de líquenes
caliptos
María Calviño-Cancela1 & Mª Eugenia López de Sila-
nes2
1 Univ. de Vigo, Dpto. Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Fac.
Bioloxía, Lagoas Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, España
2 Univ. De Vigo, Dpto. Recursos Naturais e Medio Am-
biente, Enxeñería Forestal, A Xunqueira s/n, 36005
Pontevedra, España
En este estudio comparamos la diversidad y cobertu-
ra de líquenes epífi tos en plantaciones de pinos, Pinus
pinaster, y eucaliptos, Eucalyptus globulus, en 5 ran-
gos de edad diferente. El objetivo principal fue conocer
cómo avanza la sucesión en pinares y eucaliptales, ana-
lizando el ritmo de acumulación de especies y cobertura
del tronco en cada caso.
El trabajo fue realizado en tres localidades del NW de
España, en los ayuntamientos de Ponte Caldelas, Pon-
teareas y Porriño (Galicia). En cada localidad fueron se-
leccionados 5 rangos de edad para cada una de las plan-
taciones de pinos y eucaliptos: 0-5, 6-10, 11-15, 16-20 y
21-25 años. En cada plantación seleccionada se eligie-
ron 5 árboles, en cada árbol se muestrearon las orienta-
ciones N y S. Para cada orientación se muestrearon dos
alturas en el tronco, una a aproximadamente 130 cm del
suelo y otra en la base. El muestreo se realizó utilizan-
do una red de 20 x 20 cm subdibidida en 400 celdas de
1 cm2. Se identifi caron los líquenes que aparecieron en
la red para obtener los datos de diversidad. La cober-
tura se calculó contando las celdas ocupadas por cada
taxón, utilizando números decimales cuando el ejem-
plar no cubría la totalidad de la celda .
El catálogo liquénico ascendió a 31 taxones, de los cua-
les la mayoría fueron del biotipo crustáceo (58%), segui-
do del foliáceo (32%) y del fruticuloso (10%). El área cu-
bierta por líquenes creció constantemente con la edad,
tanto en eucaliptos como en pinos, siendo alrededor de
4 veces mayor en pinos. La riqueza de especies aumen-
tó progresivamente con la edad hasta los 20 años, sin
incrementos en edades posteriores en el caso del pino
y una disminución en la riqueza en el caso del eucalipto.
La biodiversidad en pinos fue, aproximadamente, 2 ve-
ces mayor que en eucaliptos. Sin embargo, si sólo tene-
mos en cuenta la parte inferior de los troncos, la biodi-
versidad fue similar en las dos plantaciones. Esto puede
ser debido a que la corteza de los eucaliptos se renueva
periodicamente en el tronco y se mantiene en la base,
permitiendo el crecimento y estabilidad de los líquenes
en esta zona, a diferencia de lo que ocurre en las partes
superiores.
Conclusiones.- Existe una mayor diversidad y abundan-
cias liquénica en pinares que en eucaliptales en todas
las edades. El número de especies liquéncas aumenta
con la edad en los dos tipos de plantaciones, siendo el
ritmo de incorporación de especies mayor en el caso de
los pinos.
87
BC.P16. Chenia ruigtevleia Hedd. & R.H.
Zander (Pottiaceae) new to Europe
Segarra-Moragues JG & Puche F1,
Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Bio-
lógicas, Universitat de València. C/Dr. Moliner s/n.,
E-46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
In the course of the study of the bryological fl ora of
a coastal mountain range in the eastern Iberian Pe-
ninsula (Sierra Calderona), specimens of a moss be-
longing to the genus Chenia R.H. Zander (Pottiaceae),
previously unknown to the Mediterranean (Ros et al.
2013) were found. The specimens differed most sa-
liently from Chenia leptophylla (Müll. Hal.) R.H. Zan-
der, the only known species of the genus in the nor-
thern hemisphere, by the presence of papillae on the
cells of the lamina and on the nerve compared to the
smooth laminal cells of Ch. leptophylla except for the
cells at the distal margin. Accordingly, the specimens
were identifi ed as Ch. ruigtevleia Hedd. & R.H. Zan-
der, the only of the four species in the genus with
papillose laminal cells. The specimens from the new
locality are described and illustrated in comparison
to Ch. leptophylla. To date, this recently described
species was thought to be a South African endemic
known only from two populations (Hedderson & Zan-
der, 2008). The specimens were found growing on the
soil of a small shaded ravine together with other an-
nual or weedy bryophytes such as species of Acaulon,
Bryum, Didymodon, Lunularia, Microbryum, etc. The
plants were sterile and showed the same asexual mul-
tiplication mechanisms and ecological requirements
as Ch. leptophylla, suggesting similar spread mecha-
nisms for the two species. Thus, it is likely that Ch.
ruigtevleia is much more widespread than the actual
disjunct distribution indicates.
References
Hedderson, TA, Zander RH. 2008. Chenia ruigtevleia (Pottiaceae), a new
moss species from the Western Cape Province of South Africa. The Br-
yologist 111: 496-500.
Ros RM, Mazimpaka V, Abou-Salama U, Aleffi M, Blockeel TL, Brugués
M, Cros RM, Dia MG, Dirkse GM, Draper I, El-Saadawi W, Erdağ A,
Ganeva A, Gabriel R, González-Mancebo JM, Granger C, Herrnstadt I,
Hugonnot V, Khalil K, Kürschner H, Losada-Lima A, Luís L, Mifsud S,
Privitera M, Puglisi M, Sabovljević M, Sérgio C, Shabbara HM, Sim-Sim
M, Sotiaux A, Tacchi R, Vanderpoorten A, Werner O. 2013. Mosses of
the Mediterranean, an annotated checklist. Cryptogamie, Bryologie 34:
99-283.
BC.P17. New species for the Flora of the
Calderona Mountain Range (Valencia,
Spain)
Puche F 1, Segarra-Moragues J.G. 1
1 Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias
Biológicas, Universidad de Valencia. C/ Dr. Moliner 50,
46100-Burjassot (Valencia). Spain
Since 2007 when we presented a fi rst list to the fl ora
of the Sierra Calderona (Puche, 2007), there have been
numerous collections which have increased by more
than 60 taxa the fl ora of the territory. The most impor-
tant records include:
Species of conservation concern:
Grimmia capillata De Not. considered vulnerable (VU)
by Ros et al. (2012). We add two new locations in Serra
and Marines.
Petalophyllum ralfsii (Wilson) Nees & Gottsche, it is a
new species for peninsular Spain. It is considered Vul-
nerable (VU) by Brugués & González-Mancebo (2012)
and included in Annex II of Habitats Directive 92/43 /
EEC.
Cephaloziella integerrima (Lindb.) Warnst, is a new
species for the Valencia Community and the second
report for the Iberian Peninsula (Brugués, 2013), con-
sidered Critically Endangered (CR) by Brugués & Gon-
zález-Mancebo (2012).
Chenia ruigtevleia Hedd. & R.H. Zander (for com-
ments on this species see a separate communication),
should be included in this section too.
Species new to the Valencian area (Community/Pro-
vince): Grimmia lisae De Not, Acaulon dertosense Ca-
sas, Sérgio, Cros & Brugués, Leptobarbula berica (De
Not.) Schimp, Astomum levieri Limpr., Tortula israelis
Bizot & Bilewsky, Riccia subifurca Warnst. ex Croz., R.
beyrichiana Hampe ex Lehm., Fossombronia maritima
Paton, Cephaloziella stellulifera (Spruce) Schiffn.
References:
Brugués M. 2013. Cephaloziella integerrima (Lindb.) Warnst. Cartografi a
de Briòfi ts. Península Ibèrica i Illes Balears. http://briofi ts.iec.cat/
Brugués M. & J. M. Gonzalez-Mancebo. 2012. Lista Roja de los briófi tos
amenazados de España, in Garilleti & B. Albertos (coord.) Atlas y Libro
Rojo de los briófi tos amenazados de España. Ed. Organismo Autónomo
Parques Naturales, Madrid, 288pp: 26-42.
Puche F. 2007. Flora briofítica de la Sierra Calderona (Valencia, España).
Especies nuevas y raras para la fl ora valenciana. Actas del XVI Simposio
de Botánica Criptogámica, León 2007, pp 53-54.
Ros R.M., O. Werner & S. Rams. 2012. Grimmia capillata De Not. In
Garilleti & B. Albertos (coord.) Atlas y Libro Rojo de los briófi tos amena-
zados de España. Ed. Organismo Autónomo Parques Naturales, Madrid,
288 pp:132-133.
Acknowledgements: This study was partially funded by the Spanish Mi-
nistry of Science and Innovation project CGL2013-40624.
88 BC.P18. Rediscovery of Orthotrichum
mollissimum Müll.Hal., a neglected
Ethiopian-Arabian moss
Lara F 1, Vigalondo B 1, Garilleti R 2, Mazimpaka V 1
1 Departamento de Biología (Botánica), Facultad de
Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus
de Cantoblanco, C/ Darwin 2, E-28049 Madrid, Spain.
2 Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia,
Universidad de Valencia, Avda. Vicente Andrés Este-
llés s/n E–46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
The famous 19th century bryologist Karl Müller des-
cribed an outstanding African moss species, gameto-
phytically closely resembling Orthotrichum diapha-
num but provided with Gymnostomous capsulae
(Müller 1878). The description of O. mollissimum was
based on a collection from a Red Sea coastal foggy
mountain (Erkauit or Arkaweit Mt.), an area nowadays
belonging to Sudan. Since then, no further records of
this species have been reported. For her continental
revision of the genus, Lewinsky (1978) could not loca-
te any original material of the species, and suggested
including it under O. diaphanum. Although no formal
synonymization was done, O. mollissimum has not
been considered a distinct species anymore (O’Shea
2006).
As a result of recent collections in mountainous areas
of Eastern Africa we have found several samples that
undoubtedly correspond to O. mollissimum in a loca-
lity from northern Ethiopia. Furthermore, revision of
some samples named as O. diaphanum from south-
western Arabia mountains (Kürschner 1984) has yiel-
ded two additional localities for O. mollissimum.
We herein present an updated description of the spe-
cies, with a complete set of pictures that highlight all
traits that allow its easy identifi cation and safe distinc-
tion from similar taxa. The conclusion of our study is
that O. mollissimum is a distinct epiphytic, Paleotropi-
cal moss. Moreover, current data suggest that it could
be restricted to Afromontane environments in the su-
rroundings of the Red Sea.
References:
Kürschner, H. 1984. Epiphytic communities of the Asir Mountains (SW
Saudi Arabia). Studies in Arabian bryophytes 2. Nova Hedwigia 39:177-
199.
Lewinsky, J. 1978. The genus Orthotrichum Hedw. (Musci) in Africa
South of the Tropic of Cancer. Botanisk Tidsskrift 72: 61-85.
Müller, C. 1875. Musci Schweinfurthiani in itineribus duobus in Africam
centralem per annos 1868-1871 collecti, determinati et expositi. Linnaea
39: 325-474.
O’Shea BJ. 2006. Checklist of the mosses of sub-Saharan Africa (version
5, 12/06). Tropical Bryology Research Reports 6: 1 –252.
BC.P19. Entomopathogenic fungi from
vineyards of Douro Wine Region of Por-
tugal
Lav Sharma, Laura Torres, Guilhermina Marques
CITAB – Centre for the Research and Technology of
Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Univer-
sity of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta
de Prados, 5001-801, Vila Real, PORTUGAL
Entomopathogens, the organisms that can kill insects,
are widely distributed in nature and have been used
as biopesticides worldwide. However, currently very
little is known regarding their geographic distribu-
tion. In this work, we focussed on the biodiversity of
entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) in Douro Wine Region
(DWR) of Portugal and in this line chose six different
vineyards. These vineyards differ from each other in
aspects such as annual rainfall, biodiversity, ground
cover vegetation and usage of herbicides. Soil sam-
ples were collected from 150 different places within
these farms as well as from the uncultivated soil near-
by. These soil samples were baited with six late instar
Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Ga-
lleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae, each,
and kept inside the humid chamber at 25 ᵒC. Kochs’
postulates were confi rmed through subsequent in-
fections on larva and pure cultures of isolates were
maintained using different growth media. Fungal in-
fection spectrum against above mentioned Coleoptera
and Lepidoptera insect pests were also analysed. DNA
sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) re-
gion of the ribosomal DNA was employed for species’
identifi cation. We found many isolates of EPF, espe-
cially, from the two most renowned entomopathogenic
fungal genera Beauveria and Metarhizium. Moreover,
numerous isolates from Bionectria, Paecilomyces and
Fusarium, and fewer isolates from Lecanicillium, Mor-
tierella and Trichoderma were also observed. Overall,
these results are useful in understanding the diversity
of EPF in the vineyards of DWR.
89
BC.P20. Mycorrhizal community and in-
tegrated cultivation: watermelon case
Hamza N., Meddad Hamza A.
Plant Biology and Environment Laboratory, De-
partment of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University
Badji Mokhtar- Annaba, Algeria
The world’s growing population requires the increase
of agricultural yields for food. Mycorrhiza, combining
fertility, productivity and soil conservation can be an
integrated alternative for improving the production
and environment preservation. Thus, a test on hor-
ticultural crops of watermelon was performed. The
search for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi AMF in two
fi elds cultivated with watermelon highlighted the de-
cline of their diversity and abundance due to the recu-
rrent use of chemical inputs in conventional practices.
Few morphotypes of the genus Glomus were detected
with similarities to the species found. The mycorrhi-
zal inoculum association with chemical fertilizers NPK
has improved returns by 30% at 100% of NPK and by
26% when reducing the dose to 50% against, respec-
tively, 15% and 6% in the absence of mycorrhiza. The
contribution of a mycorrhizal inoculum would be a
good compromise to reduce the addition of chemicals
and to reinforce populations already present towards
a return to a sustainable agriculture.
BC.P21. CryptoBlitz: Exploring the br-
yophytes, lichens and mushrooms of
Serralves Park through a Bioblitz event
with a citizen science framework and
kits
Viegas S1, Hespanhol HH 1, Marques J 1, Castilho R1,
Pereira JM2, Ribeiro R1, Portela P., Alves C, Oliveira C,
Vieira C 1
1 CIBIO - InBIO/Afi liación/Affi liation1
2 Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life
Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3001- 456 Coimbra,
Portugal
The current biodiversity crisis is regarded by the
scientifi c community as truly worrying. However, the
involvement of the remaining society in this concern
has failed over time, although absolutely essential to
reverse (or at least reduce) the situation. One reason
for this failure is the existing disconnection between
people and nature, fuelled by over 80% of the human
population in Portugal living in urban or peri-urban
areas. It is imperative to provide connection opportu-
nities with nature, preferably in close proximity, both
geographically (within or near large urban centers)
and in terms of communication (using accessible lan-
guage).
The Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic
Resources (CIBIO) develops top research in various
aspects of biodiversity, from genes to ecosystems,
transversely in taxonomic terms. One of its main ob-
jectives is science communication and promoting
awareness and appreciation of biodiversity in society.
In 2012 it established a collaboration protocol with the
Serralves Foundation and the Portuguese Foundation
for Science and Technology (FCT) for a scientifi c dis-
semination project promoting interaction between the
audience and nature in a very easy and swift manner
at the Serralves Foundation, whose park is one of the
most important green spaces in the city of Porto. Un-
der this protocol, two BioBlitz events in the Serralves’
Park were organized with the help of CIBIO’s expert re-
searchers from different taxonomic groups. A BioBlitz
is an intense survey of species made by researchers
with public participation, open to families, students,
teachers and other community members, thus par-
ticipating in the inventory task of various biological
groups, namely bryophytes, lichens and macrofungi
(mushrooms). For the 2015’s edition, pedagogic re-
sources enabling bryophytes and lichens inventory in
autonomy were developed. These citizen science kits
had two objectives: i) familiarize the public with these
groups, which often get unnoticed and are particularly
diffi cult to work with the general public, awakening
the desire to (re)discover the world of cryptograms;
and ii) contribute to the inventory of species. This in-
volvement, in addition to fostering interest in science,
allowed an emotional connection with these groups,
crucial for their conservation.
During the 2014’s event, the species list for bryo-
phytes, lichens and mushrooms were increased in 14,
15 and 7 new species recorded, respectively. In 2015,
species number was the same for mushrooms but the
number of bryophytes and lichens was increased in
33 and 15 species, respectively. These groups contri-
buted the most to the list of new species present in
Serralves’ Park.
90 BC.P22. Putting the bryophytes out the-
re: publishing the bryophyte collection
data of Porto Herbarium (PO) with GBIF
Hespanhol H 1, Vieira C1
1 Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recur-
sos Genéticos (CIBIO) & Rede de Investigação em
Biodiversidade e Biologia Evolutiva (InBIO), Vairão,
Portugal
The Porto Herbarium (PO) of the Natural History Museum
of Porto University contains about 22000 herbarium spe-
cimens of bryophytes (including mosses, hepatics and
hornworts), collected since 1837 by 61 different collec-
tors, which have been actively databased and reviewed
in the last years. The majority of specimens were collec-
ted in Portugal, but PO Herbarium also includes a speci-
fi c collection (General Herbarium) with specimens from
many European countries and the former African Portu-
guese colonies (Mozambique, Angola, São Tomé e Prín-
cipe).
The Natural History Museum of Porto University, as one
of the most recent national data providers, published
recently its fi rst botanical collection through GBIF. The
“Bryophyte collection of Porto Herbarium (PO)” contains
a total of 7621 occurrences in GBIF of which more than
99% are georeferenced. Data is available at IPT service of
the Portuguese Node and through the international GBIF
portal.
This dataset now available on GBIF has three indepen-
dent collections. One of this published collections, is the
historical collection of António Machado, who published
the fi rst Portuguese Bryophyte Flora (1925-1933) and is a
European reference collection with type specimens. This
collection holds 1591 records collected all over Portu-
gal, but mainly in the northwestern part, corresponding
to 174 different genus and 401 taxa, collected mostly by
António Machado.
The two other collections included in this dataset corres-
pond to more recent collections done in specifi c habi-
tats (watercourses and exposed rock outcrops) during
fl oristic and ecological surveys between 2002 and 2007.
The watercourses dataset corresponds to a fi eld survey
carried out by the collector Cristiana Vieira in Portugue-
se Northwest mountain regions, located in the transition
zone between Atlantic and Mediterranean territories. This
dataset is substantially composed of saxicolous aquatic
and semi-aquatic taxa, with 3033 records with a predo-
minance of mosses (119 taxa of mosses, 38 taxa of li-
verworts and 1 taxon of hornworts). The exposed rock
outcrops dataset corresponds to a fi eld survey carried
out by the collector Helena Hespanhol in North and Cen-
tral Portugal region. In this dataset are represented 2997
records corresponding to 2 phylum (Bryophyta and Mar-
chantiophyta), 74 genera and 128 taxa (species, subspe-
cies and varieties) found on rock surfaces, fi ssures and
cavities.
Bryophyte collection of Porto Herbarium (PO) GBIF
node: http://www.gbif.org/dataset/677f03d8-8229-4274-
9e6f-9f1078369c0b
BC.P23. New records of tropical aphyllo-
phoroid fungi in Portugal
Melo I 1,2 & Cardoso J1
1 Jardim Botânico, Museu Nacional de História Natural
e da Ciência, Universidade de Lisboa
2 Center for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental
Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade
de Lisboa
New records of the aphyllophoroid fungi (Basi-
diomycota) Climacodon pulcherrimus (Berk. & M.A.
Curtis) Nikol. and Hjortstamia crassa (Lév.) Boidin &
Gilles are reported to Portugal, and the presence in
the country of Stereum illudens Berk. is confi rmed.
The pantropical species Hjortstamia crassa was des-
cribed from Vietnam by Léveillé (sub Thelephora cras-
sa) and has a world wide distribution, being reported
from North, Central and South America, Asia, Africa
and Australia. In Europe, during many years, was only
known from Poland, and recently was found in Spain,
Italy and Portugal. Its distribution is enlarged to more
3 localities, growing on angiosperm wood (Eucalyp-
tus, Juglans regia, Philadelphus and Ulex)
Climacodon pulcherrimus was described by Berkeley
& Curtis (sub Hydnum pulcherrimum) based on a co-
llection from South Carolina (USA), and is a species
that, besides North America, is largely distributed
through Asia, registered in South America and very
rare in Europe, reported from France and Russia, with
recent records in Spain. It is also known in Australia
[Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria (CHAH):
Australia’s Virtual Herbarium, 2015-03-11. Accessed
via http://www.gbif.org/occurrence/993051340 on
2015-04-24] and was collected in the region south of
Portugal by Grosse-Braugkmann in 1997 (Staatliche
Naturwissenschaftliche Sammlungen bayerns: The
Fungal Collection of Helga Grosse-Brauckmann at the
Botanische Staatssammlung München. Accessed via
http://www.gbif.org/occurrence/475045851 on 2015-
04-24]. It has now been found in a region near Lisbon,
growing on Quercus suber.
Stereum illudens was described from Australia by
Berkeley, being frequent in this country and reported
also from Tasmania and New Zealand, and more re-
cently from China. In Europe it is restricted to Spain
and was seen in Portugal in the province of Estrema-
dura (http://mushroomobserver.org/82803 on 2015-04-
24). Now it has been found in the province of Ribatejo,
always growing on Eucalyptus.
They are all alien species in the Portuguese territory,
and its presence should certainly result from acciden-
tal introductions. It is common knowledge that many
exotic species arrived in Europe due to human acti-
vity. Imported plants and wood-chips, in the case of
saprobes, most likely are the main pathways.
91
del conocimiento sistemático y de facto-
res ambientales
Pérez Millán R, Estebánez B & Draper I
Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Uni-
versidad Autónoma de Madrid
La revisión de catálogos fl orísticos antiguos nos ofrece
grandes oportunidades en la investigación ecológica,
por ejemplo, en cuanto al seguimiento de la dinámica
de los ecosistemas. Sin embargo, en el campo de la
briología hay que tener en cuenta los grandes avances
en el conocimiento sistemático y taxonómico en las dos
últimas décadas, que han supuesto la descripción de
numerosas especies o cambios en su circunscripción,
nuevas claves, monografías, etc.
En este estudio nos hemos centrado en los briófi tos epí-
fi tos sobre Fagus sylvatica L. en el Hoyo del Avellano,
un enclave aislado en el Hayedo de la Pedrosa (Puerto
de La Quesera, Sistema Central, Segovia), uno de los
hayedos más meridionales de la península Ibérica, de
carácter relíctico. Se cuenta con diversos estudios pre-
vios de las comunidades epífi tas sobre hayas en la pe-
nínsula Ibérica, y con un catálogo briofítico, realizado
por E. Fuertes y su equipo en 1995, que cubre todo el
Puerto de La Quesera. Realizamos un muestreo semi-
sistemático de los briófi tos en base, tronco y ramas de
18 hayas aisladas, en la periferia y el interior de la masa
del bosque y un análisis estadístico de corresponden-
cia de las muestras, revisamos los ejemplares recolec-
tados sobre haya en 1995, y evaluamos la extensión de
la mancha del hayedo desde 1975 hasta la actualidad.
Identifi camos 2 especies de hepáticas y 16 de musgos,
entre las que destaca Orthotrichum shawii W., cataloga-
da como vulnerable en el Atlas y Libro Rojo de Briófi tos
de España, así como primera cita para la provincia de
Segovia. La distribución de las comunidades sobre ha-
yas corresponde a lo descrito, aunque destacamos la
abundancia de hayas jóvenes con comunidades brio-
fíticas pioneras, que concuerdan con la expansión del
hayedo observada en la comparación entre 1975 y 2014.
De las 29 especies que se identifi caron en 1995, coin-
ciden 15 de ellas y aparecen tres diferentes (Dicranum
scoparium, Orthotrichum pumilum, y O. shawii). Sin em-
bargo, algunas de las especies previamente descritas
podrían no estar sobre haya, según el nivel de precisión
de la etiqueta del ejemplar. Algunas otras han sido re-
identifi cadas debido a errores o a actualizaciones taxo-
nómicas. En nuestra revisión hemos apreciado numero-
sos problemas en la localización de los pliegos.
Con las limitaciones impuestas en investigación actual-
mente, ponemos de manifi esto la necesidad de trabajos
fl orísticos sistemáticos que permitan reevaluaciones
posteriores, y destacamos la importancia de la conser-
vación y procesado de las colecciones botánicas en los
herbarios.
BC.P25. Is the endangered Isoetes du-
rieui Bory (Isoetaceae, Pteridophyta)
really rare in the southwest of the Ibe-
rian peninsula?
López Tirado J1, Sánchez Almendro AJ1, Carrasco An-
telo, JM2, Hidalgo PJ1
1 Department of Environmental Biology and Public
Health. Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universi-
ty of Huelva, Avda. Tres de Marzo s/n, 21071 Huelva,
Spain.
2 ENCE, Energía y Celulosa. Ctra, A-5000, K, 7-5. 21007
Huelva
Isoetes durieui Bory is a terrestrial and primitive vas-
cular plant that belongs to the Pteridophyta Division.
Its general distribution comprises the west of the Me-
diterranean region. It is considered as a rare species
that grows on siliceous soils, always in temporary
ponds or humid areas such as riversides. In the Ibe-
rian Peninsula it is more frequent in the western part.
Nevertheless, disjunct areas can be found in Catalonia
and even in the Balearic Islands. In Andalusia region
(south of Spain) it is endangered and catalogued as
vulnerable (Ley 8/2003, de 28 de octubre, de la fl ora
y fauna silvestres) and included in the red list (Lista
Roja de la Flora Vascular de Andalucía (2005)).
The study area is located in the southwest of the Ibe-
rian Peninsula, corresponding to the province of Huel-
va (Andalusia, Spain), area which is composed of acid
soils in the main. The mean annual rainfall is quite
high (around 800-900 mm). These two factors are very
important for the establishment of different species
within the genus Isoetes. Records from bibliography
and web sites (such as www.anthos.es, last accessed
February 2015) and vouchers from herbariums have
been compiled, resulting seven 10 x 10 km different
cells in the study area. On the other hand, twelve
new populations have been found in a fi eld work du-
ring 2014. Consequently, the current distribution of I.
durieui has been updated with seven additional new
cells. The new voucher samples will be deposited in
the herbarium of the Faculty of Sciences of the Univer-
sity of Cordoba (COFC).
Isoetes durieui has been frequently found sharing ha-
bitat with I. histrix Bory, being latter more abundant
than the target species of this work. In some cases,
pure populations of I. durieui composed by numerous
specimens have been detected. Due to the lack of co-
lourfulness and size, genus Isoetes usually goes un-
noticed. With some experience on the identifi cation of
the natural habitat we are able to fi nd out new popu-
lations. Results state that the occurrence of I. durieui
has been doubled (10 x 10 km cells) in the province of
Huelva. This fact leads to wonder wether I. durieui is
really rare in the southwest of the Iberian peninsula.
92 BC.P26. Epiphytic lichen traits relate
to distinct dimensions of forest habitat
quality
Marques J1, Vaz AS1,2, Alves P1, González AB3, Fon-
techa A4, Pérez-Llamazares A5, Fernández-Salegui
AB5, Burgaz AR4, Cera A6, Gómez-Bolea A6, Marcos
B7, Gutierres B4, Boluda CG3, Laguna C3, Rodriguez
C4, Araújo E5, Sánchez Elordi E5, Llop E6, Díaz Peña
EM5, Paz-Bermúdez G8, Garrido-Benavent I6, Martínez
I9, Pérez-Vargas I10, Zamora JC11, Cardós JLH9, Sancho
LG3, López de Silanes ME8, Chesa MJ, Rodrigues SA1,
Pérez-Ortega S12, Prats S, Merinero S9, Rico VJ3, Atien-
za V13, Honrado J1,2.
1 Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recur-
sos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto (CIBIO)/InBIO
– Rede de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Biologia
Evolutiva, Rua Padre Armando Quintas s/n, 4485-661
Vairão, Portugal.
2 Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, De-
partamento de Biologia, Edifício FC4, Rua do Campo
Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
3 Departamento de Biología Vegetal II, Facultad de Far-
macia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040
Madrid, Spain.
4 Departamento de Biología Vegetal I, Facultad de Bio-
logía, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Ma-
drid, Spain.
5 Departamento de Biodiversidad y Gestión Ambiental,
Área Botánica, Facultad de Biología y Ciencias Am-
bientales, Universidad de León, Campus Vegazana
s/n, 24071 Léon, Spain.
6 Departament de Biologia Vegetal-Botànica, Facultat
de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal
643, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
7 Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia,
Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Una-
muno s/n, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
8 Escola Universitaria de Enxeñería Forestal, Universi-
dade de Vigo, Campus A Xunqueira s/n, E-36005 Pon-
tevedra, Spain.
9 Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, ESCET, Uni-
versidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/ Tulipán s/n, 28933 Mós-
toles, Madrid, Spain.
10 Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología
Vegetal, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico
Sánchez s/n, 38071 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Is-
lands, Spain.
11 Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2,
E-28014 Madrid, Spain.
12 Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Serra-
no 115 dpdo., E-28006 Madrid, Spain.
13 Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias
Biológicas, Universitat de València, c/ Dr. Moliner 50,
46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
Assessing habitat quality, namely habitat resilience
and ability to support biodiversity and ecosystem
services is crucial for the conservation of European
native woodlands, which are expected to expand in
the future. Identifi cation of lichen functional groups
responding to habitat quality remains poorly explo-
red despite the well-known infl uence of habitat qua-
lity on lichen diversity and the need to better unders-
tand ecosystem functioning. We proposed to evaluate
the ability of lichen functional traits and respective
functional groups to respond to oak woodland habitat
quality in a Portuguese Natura 2000 site.
Lichen diversity was sampled in 25 woodland patches
located along a gradient of agricultural use, ranging
from 5% to more than 25% of arable land, in Peneda-
Gerês National Park. Easily identifi able lichen traits for
which a functional relationship to habitat quality could
be hypothesized (type of photobiont, growth-form and
reproduction strategy) were related with 5 classes of
in-fi eld indicators of oak woodland abandonment.
Lichen community composition was signifi cantly ex-
plained by habitat quality. The relationship between
the analysed traits and the community’s response to
habitat quality was associated with two underlying di-
mensions: 1) positively correlated with the intensity
of grazing, height of regenerating oaks, and abundan-
ce of young trees, and negatively correlated with the
diversity of woodland specialist plants, possibly re-
fl ecting decreased plant litter availability; 2) positively
correlated with the intensity of tree cutting and negati-
vely correlated with the cover of all vegetation strata,
possibly refl ecting increased arid conditions. Type of
photobiont and reproduction strategy was more stron-
gly related with the fi rst gradient: fertile and soredia-
te cyanolichens were more important in less grazed
woodlands, with lower oak regeneration and higher
diversity of woodland specialist plants; whereas the
importance of isidiate chlorolichens increased with
grazing, higher oak regeneration and lower diversity
of woodland specialist plants. Growth-form was stron-
gly related to both gradients, with higher abundance
of broad lobed species associated with lower habi-
tat quality. An expected decline in the abundance of
Lobarion species as a result of habitat quality loss is
supported by our results. Within Lobarion, Pannaria-
ceae appeared as more related with long time abando-
ned woodlands where trees are older; whereas Loba-
riaceae seem to be favoured by increased woodland
openness associated with more recently abandoned
woodlands.
Habitat quality determines a contrasting response of
lichen functional groups to oak woodland abandon-
ment indicators, emphasizing the importance of lichen
functional diversity for developing effective habitat
quality monitoring systems in European native woo-
dlands.
93
BC.P27. Lichens and lichenicolous fungi
from north-west Peneda-Gerês National
Park (north-west Portugal)
Marques J1, González AB2, Fontecha A3, Burgaz AR3,
Gutierres B3, Boluda CG3, Rodriguez C3, Araújo E3,
Llop E4, Díaz Peña EM3, Paz-Bermúdez G5, Zamora JC6,
Cardós JLH7, López de Silanes ME5, Rodrigues SA1,
Merinero S7, Atienza V8.
1 Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Ge-
néticos da Universidade do Porto (CIBIO)/InBIO – Rede de
Investigação em Biodiversidade e Biologia Evolutiva, Rua
Padre Armando Quintas s/n, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal.
2 Departamento de Biología Vegetal II, Facultad de Farmacia,
Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
3 Departamento de Biología Vegetal I, Facultad de Biología,
Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
4 Departament de Biologia Vegetal-Botànica, Facultat de Bio-
logia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, E-08028
Barcelona, Spain.
5 Escola Universitaria de Enxeñería Forestal, Universida-
de de Vigo, Campus A Xunqueira s/n, E-36005 Pontevedra,
Spain.
6 Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, E-28014 Ma-
drid, Spain.
7 Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, ESCET, Universi-
dad Rey Juan Carlos, C/ Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Ma-
drid, Spain.
8 Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Biológi-
cas, Universitat de València, c/ Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjas-
sot, Valencia, Spain.
A catalogue of 300 lichens and lichenicolous fungi
from Peneda and Castro Laboreiro areas in north-west
Peneda-Gerês National Park (north-west Portugal) is
presented as a result of the VI fi eld excursion of the
Spanish Lichen Society (SEL - Sociedad Española
de Liquenología). Anisomeridium ranunculosporum
(Coppins & P. James) Coppins, Arthonia sampaianae
(Diederich & Etayo) Ertz & Diederich, Catil-laria lobarii-
cola (Alstrup) Coppins & Aptroot, Polycoccum umbili-
cariae (Linds.) D. Hawksw. and Sphaerellothecium ste-
reocaulorum Zhurb. & Triebel are recorded for the fi rst
time in the Iberian Peninsula. The list also includes 4
lichens that are new to continental Portugal, namely:
Arthrosporum populorum A. Massal., Bryoria implexa
(Hoffm.) Brodo & D. Hawksw., Cliostomum fl avidulum
Hafellner & Kalb and Ephebe hispidula (Ach.) Horw.;
as well as and 9 lichenicolous fungi that are also new
to Portugal, including: Abrothallus parmeliarum (Som-
merf.) Nyl., Dactylospora parasitica (Flörke) Arnold,
Everniicola fl exispora D. Hawksw., Lichenoconium
erodens M. S. Christ. & D. Hawksw., Marchandiomyces
corallines (Roberge) Diederich & D. Hawksw., Phaeos-
porobolus usneae D. Hawksw. & Hafellner, Sclerococ-
cum sphaerale (Ach.) Fr., Syzygospora bachmannii
Diederich & M. S. Christ. And Unguiculariopsis lettaui
(Grumman) Coppins.
BC.P28. Molecular diversity of Dictyota
cyanoloma Tronholm et al. populations
from the Mediterranean coast of the Ibe-
rian Peninsula.
Aragay J1,2, Vitales D1,2, Garnatje T2,, Gómez Garreta A1,
Rull Lluch J1
1Laboratori de Botànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Univer-
sitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s.n., 08028 Barcelo-
na, Catalonia, Spain
2Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB-CSIC-ICUB), Pas-
seig del Migdia s.n., 08038 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Nine populations of Dictyota cyanoloma were sampled
along the entire Mediterranean coast of the Iberian
Peninsula, a region where this species has been con-
sidered as introduced. To asses de variability of the
populations, the mitochondrial regions cox1, nad6-
nad11 and trnG-rpl16, and the chloroplastid rbcL-rbcS
intergenic spacer were amplifi ed and sequenced for
four to seven individuals per population. Compared to
other studies on seaweeds, the genetic diversity ob-
served in D. cyanoloma from the Mediterranean coast
of the Iberian Peninsula was relatively low. The distri-
butional pattern of the haplotypes showed that six of
the nine studied populations of D. cyanoloma presen-
ted only one haplotype per population and only three
populations (Algeciras, Estepona and Motril) showed
two haplotypes. Dictyota cyanoloma presents signifi -
cantly more genetic differentiation among populations
than within populations and the genetic structure of
D. cyanoloma in this region is loosely related to geo-
graphy. The results of genetic diversity analyses show
some typical patterns of alien species (e.g. the relative
low genetic diversity and the lack of geographic struc-
ture). Interestingly, the three populations that show
greater number of haplotypes are the southern ones,
located near to the Strait of Gibraltar, place of mixing
waters with Atlantic Ocean and also an area of heavy
maritime traffi c. Comparison of genetic composition
of introduced populations with native ones could pro-
vide further information about the colonization pro-
cess of D. cyanoloma to the Mediterranean Sea.
With the support of Fundación Biodiversidad (Ministerio de Agricultura,
Alimentación y Medio Ambiente, Spain)
94 BC.P29. Nuevas especies de Hifomicetes
de la Península Ibérica e Islas Canarias
Gené J1, Hernández-Restrepo MI2, Castañeda-Ruiz
RF3, Mena-Portales J4, Guarro J1
1 Unitat de Micologia, Facultat de Medicina Ciències de
la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, España.
2 CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, the
Netherlands.
3 Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agri-
cultura Tropical ‘Alejandro de Humboldt’ (INIFAT),
Santiago de Las Vegas, Cuba.
4 Instituto de Ecología y Sistemática, Ministerio de
Ciencia, Tecnología y Medio Ambiente, C.P. 11900, La
Habana, Cuba.
Durante el desarrollo del Proyecto Nacional con el título
“Identifi cación, fi logenia y conservación de hifomicetes
cultivables de la Península Ibérica y sus islas” (CG2011-
27185) se organizaron diversas campañas de recolec-
ción de muestras de restos vegetales de diversos espa-
cios naturales. En concreto, del material procedente de
la península (Asturias, Cantabria y Navarra) e islas Cana-
rias (Tenerife, la Gomera y la Palma), se aislaron diversos
hongos asexuales con caracteres morfológicos que dis-
crepaban del resto de especies de los distintos géneros
a los cuales pertenecían. Por lo que, para determinar si
se trataban de nuevos taxones para la ciencia, se llevó a
cabo un exhaustivo estudio fenotípico y molecular de los
mismos con la fi nalidad de circunscribirlos tanto a nivel
genérico como específi co, y conocer su situación taxo-
nómica entre los ascomicetes. La caracterización fenotí-
pica consistió principalmente en un estudio morfológico
de los respectivos especímenes sobre sustrato natural
y, una vez aislados, también sobre diferentes medios de
cultivo incubados en la oscuridad a 25 ºC. La caracteri-
zación molecular consistió en el análisis de secuencies
correspondientes a la región D1/D2 del 28S y los espa-
ciadores transcritos internos (ITS) del operón del DNA
ribosómico. La integración de resultados nos ha permiti-
do proponer los siguientes nuevos taxones: Anapleuro-
phragmium botulisporum gen. & sp. nov. (Savoryellales,
Sordariomycetes), un género morfológicamente similar
a Pleurophragmium y Pleurothecium, pero diferenciado
por presentar células conidiógenas con dentículos más
largos y conidios pardo oscuros; Conioscypha pleio-
morpha sp. nov. (Savoryellales), caracterizada por pre-
sentar conidios equinulados y producir un sinanamorfo
tálico en cultivo; Neomycoleptodiscus minutisporus gen.
& sp. nov. (Magnaporthales, Dothideomycetes), morfoló-
gicamente similar al género Mycoleptodiscus pero con
la producción de conidios sin setulas; Parasympodiella
lauri sp. nov. que se distingue por producir los artroco-
nidios más pequeños con respecto al resto de especies
del género; y, por último, Pirozynskiella laurisilva sp.
nov. caracterizada por producir largas cadenas simples
de conidios verrugosos. Según los datos fi logenéticos,
la posición taxonómica de los géneros de estas dos úl-
timas especies es incertae sedis entre los Sordariomy-
cetes.
BC.P30. The effect of seasonality and
microclimatic conditions on the pho-
tosynthetic activity of terricolous lichen
species in semiarid grasslands
Veres K , Csintalan Zs
Institute of Botany and Ecophysiology, Faculty of
Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent Is-
tván University, H-2103 Gödöllő Páter Károly str. 1.,
Hungary
Biological soil crusts consisting of lichens, mosses,
algae, fungi and bacteria play an important role in
the function of semiarid grasslands. Semiarid san-
dy grasslands with many endemic lichens are native
vegetation types of Kiskunság Region, Hungary. The
sand dunes ensure diverse microhabitats for terrico-
lous lichen species having different environmental
requirements. It is already known that photosynthetic
activity of terricolous lichens changes with seasons
and also that photosynthetic activity is different bet-
ween sun and shade populations. However, it is not
known how seasonal photosynthetic activity changes
in different microhabitats. Therefore, we assessed the
photosynthetic activity of terricolous lichens between
two microclimatic conditions (North-East, NE and
South-West, SW slope directions). Microhabitats diffe-
red mainly in moisture conditions as the North-East
sites were humid, whereas the South-West sites were
arid. Chlorophyll a fl uorescence measurements were
made on 7 species in all seasons for two years. Fv/Fm,
∆Fv/Fm’, qP, qNP and NPQ parameters were calcula-
ted. To studying microhabitat differences, microclima-
tic parameters were continuously monitored during
the two years. Higher soil humidity and lower soil tem-
perature ensured more favorable humidity conditions
from spring to autumn on the sand dune sides with NE
direction. In these microhabitats higher humidity and
better light conditions early in the morning caused
longer active period for lichens. In contrast, the rela-
tively lower irradiation of NE slopes during the winter
caused shorter photosynthetically active periods. In
case of green algal species found in both microhabi-
tats, there were seasonal changes in all fl uorescence
parameters. In most cases Fv/Fm and NPQ showed
higher values during the year in humid microhabitats
except in summer. During spring there were no diffe-
rences between the two microhabitats (arid vs. humid)
in terms of Fv/Fm and NPQ value in contrast to the
other seasons. The seasonal fl uctuation of Fv/Fm and
NPQ values was lower in arid compared to humid mi-
crohabitats. Our results indicate that in arid habitats
spring was the most favorable season for species and
the summer seemed to be the least benefi cial season
in humid microhabitats. In contrast with above-men-
tioned observations the cyanobacterial Collema tenax
showed reverse trend in Fv/Fm, NPQ values during the
seasons.
95
BC.P31. Epiphyte diversity and ecology
on retention trees in young forest stands
in territory of Latvia
Gerra-Inohosa L., Pušpure I., Bambe B.
Latvian State Forest Research Institute “Silava”, Ri-
gas Street 111, LV-2169, Salaspils, Latvia.
In the recent years, one of the forest management
practices used in Latvia is to leave a certain number of
living trees, so called retention trees, in the clear-cuts.
In Latvia the usual technique regulated by Cabinet of
Ministers is to leave fi ve retention trees per hectare
in the clear-cuts. This technique may also enhance
epiphytic bryophytes and lichens survival after har-
vest. In the present study, the goal was to determine
the abundance of epiphytes on retention living trees in
young forest stands. The relationships between subs-
trate characteristics and epiphytic species richness
also were examined. In total, 20 new forest stands with
mean stand age 11 years were chosen covering the
entire territory of Latvia. Five living trees were sam-
pled for epiphytes in each stand for total 98 sampled
trees.
In total, 100 epiphytes were recorded, from which 48
were lichens and 52 bryophytes. The most common
epiphytes were facultative bryophytes – Dicranum
scoparium, Brachythecium salebrosum, Hypnum cu-
pressiforme, Pylaisia polyantha and one liverwort spe-
cies Radula complanata. Between lichen species the
most common were two foliose lichens – Hypogym-
nia physodes and Melanelixia glabratula, one frutico-
se lichen – Cladonia coniocraea and three crustose
lichens – Lecanora argentata, Lecidella elaeochroma
and Phlyctis argena. In total, 15 epiphytic indicator
species of natural forests of Latvia were found on re-
tention trees from which two bryophytes – Lejeunea
cavifolia and Barbilophozia attenuata and one lichen
– Pertusaria pertusa are protected species in Latvia.
The results showed that the main factor that explained
the epiphyte richness was tree species. The signifi -
cantly important tree species for high epiphyte rich-
ness were broad-leaved trees and Populus tremula.
The total and bryophyte species richness were higher
on Populus tremula substrate, but the average number
of lichen species was higher on Tilia cordata, while the
highest mean species number of indicators of natural
forests was determined on Ulmus glabra. There were
also differences in species composition according to
location on the tree. More species were found on the
north side of the tree trunk.
Summarizing, the retention trees could provide ha-
bitats for part of epiphytic species that are characte-
ristic to forest, especially Populus tremula which is
a high quality retention tree and increases epiphyte
richness.
C.P32. Taxonomic account of nanno- and
microphytoplankton off Madeira Island
Kaufmann, M.J.1,2,3, Santos, F.1, Maranhã o, M.1,2
1 Universidade da Madeira, Centro das Ciê ncias da
Vida, Estaç ã o de Biologia Marinha do Funchal, 9000-
107 Funchal, Portugal
2 CIMAR/CIIMAR – Centro de Investigaç ã o Marinha e
Ambiental, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Por-
tugal
3 CIIMAR-Madeira – Centro de Investigaç ã o Marinha e
Ambiental da Madeira, Edif. Madeira Tecnopolo, Ca-
minho da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
A list of phytoplankton taxa off Madeira Island (Nor-
theast Atlantic) is provided, including historical re-
cords dating back to 1845. A total of 473 taxa was
reported, with diatoms representing the main compo-
nent of the phytoplankton community around Madeira
Island with 55%, followed by the dinofl agellates with
33%, the haptophytes with 11%, cyanophytes with 1%
and one planktonic chlorophyte. Compared to species
numbers of the World Ocean, where diatoms equals
more or less dinofl agellates, a discrepancy is obser-
ved. This could be due to the still scarce number of
taxonomic studies dealing with phytoplankton. Howe-
ver, it provides a baseline for further studies of the re-
gional marine phytoplankton community composition.
It also constitutes valuable basic information for futu-
re assessments within management instruments like
the European Water Framework Directive, the Marine
Strategy Framework Directive and national regulations
concerning marine food safety in light of fi rst reports
of Harmful Algae Blooms and related intoxications.
96 BC.P33. Water retention in Azorean na-
tive vegetation: the role of bryophytes
Coelho MCM.1, Pereira F.1, Ah-Peng C.2 & Gabriel R.1
1 CE3C – Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environ-
mental Changes / Azorean Biodiversity Group, Univer-
sidade dos Açores - Departamento de Ciências Agrá-
rias, Angra do Heroísmo
2 Université de La Réunion, UMR PVBMT, Pôle de Pro-
tection des Plantes, Pôle Forêt, Saint-Pierre, Ile de La
Réunion
Bryophytes are an important part of plant biodiversity
in the Azores. They are thought to play essential roles
in soil stabilization, nutrient recycling, carbon fi xing
and water fl ow regulation. Nevertheless, these roles
and physiological features of bryophytes are not tota-
lly understood nor quantifi ed.
In this study, we aim to quantify the internal water
holding capacity of some of the most common bryo-
phytes (liverworts and mosses) occuring in native ve-
getation stands at three different elevations in Tercei-
ra island, Azores. The questions are: how much water
do bryophytes retain? Do all species retain the same
amount of water? Does this amount vary with eleva-
tion? Does it vary seasonally?
For nine months, 14 species of bryophytes (six li-
verworts and eight mosses) were collected in three
native vegetation areas: Farol da Serreta (40 m), La-
goinha (600 m) and Serra de Santa Bárbara (1000 m).
Field, saturated and dry weights were obtained in the
lab and used to calculate relative and absolute water
content (RWC and AWC respectively).
All sampled species were found to be hydrated, es-
pecially specimens sampled during winter. Species
collected from mid and high altitudes showed higher
hydration state (RWC) than species collected at the
lowest altitude, of which Bazzania azorica and Thui-
dium tamariscinum were the liverwort and the moss,
respectively, with higher values. Data clearly showed
that water is retained in the native vegetation during
all year round and by all species, but the amount di-
ffers between species. The maximum value was obtai-
ned by moss Sphagnum subnitens, which can store a
maximum of 30 g of water per 1 g of their dry weight.
Bryophytes are a distinctive feature of Azorean nati-
ve vegetation, especially in cloud forests. With this
study, the role of several species on water retention is
quantifi ed. Sphagnum subnitens showed to be highly
effi cient at storing water in the ecosystem, its protec-
tion is thus essential. This type of data is essential in
order to better understand the role of bryophyte spe-
cies in the water cycle within the Azorean forests es-
pecially in the context of a changing environment.
BC.P34. Transplanting the leafy li-
verwort Herbertus hutchinsiae as a con-
servation measure
Maren Flagmeier1,2, Jesús Muñoz3,4, David G. Long2,
David R. Genney5, Peter M. Hollingsworth2, Eduardo
Moreno-Jiménez6, Sarah J. Woodin1
1 Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences,
University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, St Ma-
char Drive, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK;
2 Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row,
Edinburgh EH3 5LR, UK;
3 Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio
Climático (BioCamb), Universidad Tecnológica Indo-
américa, Machala y Sabanilla, Quito, Ecuador;
4 Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC), Plaza de Murillo 2,
28014 Madrid, Spain;
5 Scottish Natural Heritage, Great Glen House, Leach-
kin Road, Inverness IV3 8NW, UK;
6 Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Universidad
Autónoma de Madrid.
Translocating plants for conservation purposes can
be a promising tool to enhance existing popula-
tions, restore lost populations, or create new ones,
but has rarely been done for bryophytes, especially
liverworts. Here, the leafy liverwort Herbertus hutchin-
siae, a representative species of oceanic-montane
liverwort-rich heath, was translocated to unoccupied
habitat within its current range, to establish whether
its restricted distribution is due to habitat- or dispersal
limitation. At the same time, feasibility of establishing
new populations was assessed, both within and out-
side the current distribution range, the latter to test
the suitability of the species for assisted colonisation.
Furthermore, transplants were grown at degraded si-
tes where the species had declined. Transplants grew
at all sites, exhibiting best growth within range, in-
dicating that the species could be dispersal limited.
Assisted colonisation is an option for this species to
overcome dispersal limitation and to track future cli-
mate space. Restocking of populations at degraded
sites is only recommended if the pressure causing the
degradation has been removed. These fi ndings provi-
de an evidence base for practical conservation mana-
gement.
97
BC.P35. Herbarium exsiccatae as poten-
tially valuable repositories for the re-
covery of rare and threatened pterido-
phytes
Simões-Costa MC, Moura IR and Duarte MC
Jardim Botânico Tropical/IICT, Largo dos Jerónimos,
1400-209 Lisboa, Portugal
The Tropical Research Institute (IICT) Herbarium
(LISC) holds more than 300 000 specimens including
some of the world’s best collections of the African
Portuguese-speaking countries (Angola, Mozambi-
que, Guinea-Bissau, Cape Verde and São Tomé and
Príncipe). These plant collections are essential to
base-line knowledge of the tropical African vegetation
and fl ora. In the last years, some studies have shown
that herbaria collections may also contribute to the
recovery of threatened plants, as the seeds and spo-
res from several species can maintain their viability
for long periods of time under controled environmen-
tal conditions. This is particularly important to pte-
ridophytes, which are very vulnerable to threats, as
a consequence of their requirement for specialized
habitats. The Tropical Botanic Garden (JBT/IICT) has
been developing studies to evaluate the regeneration
capacity of spores removed from pteridophyte exsic-
catae preserved at the LISC Herbarium. These studies
aim to evaluate the spore viability, to defi ne effective
protocols for in vitro germination, gametophyte deve-
lopment, successful raising of sporophytes and their
acclimatization to ex vitro conditions. In the present
work, the results concerning the culture response of
spores from pteridophytes collected in Cape Verde
(six and eight years of storage) and S. Tomé e Príncipe
islands (13 years or more of storage) are presented.
The S. Tomé e Príncipe pteridophytes under study in-
clude four endemic species, one of which is conside-
red Critically Endangered (CR) (Selaginella monodii)
and the remaining species are classifi ed as Vulnerable
(VU) according to IUCN criteria.
BC.P36. Cyanidium sp. (Cyanidiophy-
ceae, Rodophyta) from low light aero-
ga): Combined phenotypic, molecular
and ecological criteria
del Rosal Y.1, Roldán M.2, Jurado V.3, Saiz-Jimenez C.3,
Hernández-Mariné M.4.
1 Nerja Cave Research Institute Carretera de Maro, s/n,
29787, Nerja, Málaga, Spain.
2 Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Facultad de
Ciencias, Servicio de Microscopía, 08193, Bellaterra,
Barcelona, Spain.
3 Instituto de Recursos Naturalesy Agrobiología, IR-
NAS-CSIC, Sevilla, Spain.
4 University of Barcelona, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sec-
tion of Botany, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
The Nerja Cave is located four kilometres east of the
town of Nerja town, in Málaga province (Spain). As part
of our research, we have focused on the photrophic or-
ganisms. In particular we focus on one morphospecie
that fi ts into the description of the genus Cyanidium.
Cyanidium are part of the Cyanidiophyceae, asexual,
unicellular red algae; most of its members are found
in thermal (50–55◦C) or acidic (pH 0.5–3.0) conditions.
Thermophyly and acidophily are exceptional features
for oxygenic photosynthesizing organisms, and becau-
se of that Cyanidiophyceae are considered extremo-
phyles as a group. Due to their ecological importance
we focused in this member of the group, which is the
only morphospecies found in caves. Complementary
microscopy techniques such as confocal laser, trans-
mission and scanning electron microscopies and X-ray
spectroscopy were used, . All sampling sites in which
the morphospecies were observed showed substrata
with a mixture of calcite, with and without magnesium,
sand particles and clay in varying proportions, as ex-
pected because all of them were taken from speleotems.
Air temperature average is 18,8ºC. PPFD range from
0.15 to 4.89 µE.m-2.s-1. Air RH average is 91% whereas
the sites where it was found had no dripping in any sea-
son. Cells are spherical with a multi-layered cell wall, a
near spherical fl at chloroplast lacking pyrenoid and a
vacuole. Mother cells form four endospores tetrahedri-
caly divided. Cyanidium sp. was attached to laminate
of crystalline calcite either epilithic or chasmoendolithi-
cally . The colonies could be formed by a few live cells
and empty sheaths or by groups with abundant dividing
cells. They could be unique or as part of phototrophic
thin biofi lms, mainly formed beside cyanobacteria with
the morphology of the genus Chroococcidiopsis. Pig-
ments phycocyanin, alophycocyanin and chlorophyll a
were identifi ed. Cyanidium does not have phycoerythrin.
Phylogenetic analyses with 16 rDNA gene sequences
showed that this Cyanidium sp. could be related to me-
sophilic non-acidic and non-thermal lineage of Cyani-
dium, with species found in Chile and Italy.
98 BC.P37. A revision of the moss genus
Oxystegus (Limpr.) Hilp. in America
(Pottiaceae)
Alonso M., Jiménez J.A., Cano M.J.
Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Bio-
logía, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo,
30100-Murcia, Spain
Oxystegus (Limp.) Hilp. is a small genus belonging
to the family Pottiaceae. It was fi rst recognized as a
subgenus within Trichostomum Bruch by Limpricht
(1890). Hilpert (1933) elevated Oxystegus to the rank
of genus. This view was reversed in Zander´s (1993)
treatment of the Pottiaceae, again suggesting the in-
clusion of Oxystegus in Trichostomum at the subge-
neric rank. However, Werner et al. (2005) showed that
the generitypes of Trichostomum and Oxystegus were
not closely related. Since then, Oxystegus has been
accepted by most authors. Nevertheless, the circum-
scription within Oxystegus is far from resolved and
more studies are required to trace the relationships
among its species.
Here, we present a taxonomic revision of Oxystegus in
America. Our goals are to identify morphological syna-
pomorphies that could support the monophyly of this
genus and to determine the limits among its species in
America.
This study is based on a morphological survey of more
than 100 characters from the gametophyte and the
sporophyte. Around 500 specimens from the following
herbaria were analyses to carry out this study: BM,
DUKE, E, F, FH, FLAS, H, HBG, JE, L, MERC, MEXU,
MO, MUB, NY, PC, PMA, S, SP, U, UB and W. Likewise,
we assessed the most relevant nomenclatural types,
including several names traditionally belonging to Tri-
chostomum.
As results, we present descriptions and LM photogra-
phs of the recognized species of Oxystegus from Ame-
rica. We provide distribution data, habitat preferences
and a key to identifi cation these species in the conti-
nent.
This research was carried out with fi nancial support from the Spa-
nish “Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación” (Project CGL2010–15959/
BOS co-fi nanced by FEDER).
References:
Hilpert, F. 1933. Studien zur Systematik der Trichostomaceen. Beih. Bot.
Centralbl. Abt. 2 50: 585–706.
Limpricht, K.G. 1890. Die Laubmoose Deutschlands, Österreichs und der
Schweiz. Leipzig: Eduard Kummer.
Werner, O., Ros, R.M. & Grundman, M. 2005. Molecular phylogeny of Tri-
chostomoideae (Pottiaceae, Bryophyta) based on nrITS sequence data.
Taxon 54: 351–358.
Zander, R.H. 1993. Genera of the Pottiaceae: mosses of harsh environ-
ments. Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci. 32: 1–378.
cia).
Infante Sánchez, M.
Conservatoire Botanique National des Pyrénées et Mi-
di-Pyrénées, Bagnères-de-Bigorre, Hautes-Pyrénées,
France.
Se presenta el catálogo de briófi tos obtenido para la
región de Midi-Pyrénées, en el sur de Francia, que se
extiende desde el sur del Macizo Central, a través de
la llanura del río Garona hasta los Pirineos Centrales,
incluyendo ocho departamentos. Esta región adminis-
trativa es la más extensa de Francia, con sus 45.347
km2.
Las fuentes utilizadas han sido las bibliográfi cas (que
incluyen 330 publicaciones), diferentes herbarios
(BBF - Conservatoire botanique national des Pyrénées
et de Midi-Pyrénées, BCB - Universidad Autónoma de
Barcelona, CLF - Institut des Herbiers Universitaires
de Clermont-Ferrand, PC - Muséum National d’Histoire
Naturelle de Paris, TLM - Muséum d’Histoire Nature-
lle de Toulouse, VIT- Museo de Ciencias Naturales de
Álava, BM – British Natural History Museum), datos
inéditos provistos por diferentes colaboradores y los
procedentes de las diferentes actividades y proyectos
que se han llevado a cabo desde 2004 hasta fi nales
de 2014 en el Conservatoire Botanique National des
Pyrénées et Midi-Pyrénées.
Se aporta una breve reseña histórica sobre la explora-
ción briológica de este territorio.
El resultado alcanza los 972 taxones, de los cuales 65
se consideran dudosos y serán estudiados en el fu-
turo. Las hepáticas y antocerotas constituyen el 20%
frente al 80% de los musgos.
Los departamentos más ricos son los del sur (Hautes-
Pyrénées, Haute-Garonne y Ariège), que incluyen los
Pirineos, siendo también los relativamente más ex-
plorados y mejor conocidos. Al contrario, los departa-
mentos de la llanura (Gers y Tarn-et-Garonne), a priori
menos interesantes, permanecen menos explorados y
peor conocidos. En situación intermedia se hallan los
departamentos del norte (Lot y Aveyron), que cubren
las estribaciones sur del Macizo Central.
99
BC.P39. Spatio-temporal dynamics of
arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonizing
olive (Olea europaea L.) roots in the ba-
sin of Guelma
A Meddad-Hamza1, N Hamza1, S Neffar2, A Beddiar1, S
Gianinazzi3, H Chenchouni2
1 Laboratory of Plant Biology and Environment, De-
partment of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University
of Badji Mokhtar, Annaba 23000, Algeria.
2 Department of Natural and Life Sciences, Faculty of
Exact Sciences and Natural and Life Sciences, Univer-
sity of Tebessa, Tebessa 12000, Algeria.
3 INOCULUMplus Technopôle Agro-Environnement
RD31, Bretenière 21110, France.
Infl uenced by biotic and abiotic factors, the diversity
of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza VAM and root co-
lonization vary from one plant species to another. The
objective of this study is to determine the spatiotem-
poral dynamics of root colonization and spore density
of VAM in the rhizosphere of olive tree (Olea europaea
L.) at different ages and at two varieties. Soil and root
samples were collected during the four seasons of
2006 from three olive plantations of different ages (1
year, 6-7 years, and > 100 years) in the basin of Guel-
ma (sub-humid climate). The olive varieties studied
were Blanquette and Rougette. The collected samples
were analyzed for spore density, mycorrhization inten-
sity (M%) and spore spectrum: Mycorrhization follows
a seasonal dynamics closely synchronous with phe-
nological stages of plant growth. It is more intense in
spring and autumn, which corresponds to the active
period of vegetation. Spore density in the rhizosphere
of olive trees is dependent on plantation ages and sea-
sons, but with no relation to olive varieties. The identi-
fi ed spore community is composed by the genera Glo-
mus, Gigaspora, Scutellospora and Entrophospora.
Keywords: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; biodiversi-
ty; olive tree; sub-humid climate; mycorrhyzation in-
tensity.
BC.P40. Effects of natural broadleaved
generation vs. conifer reforestation on
Ilić M., Rućando M., Ćuk M., Igić R., Vukov D.
University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, De-
partment of Biology and Ecology, Trg Dositeja
Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
This research was conducted during 2012-2014 on
Vidlič Mountain in Southeastern Serbia. Study area
was at 1200 meters above the sea level on two perma-
nent plots. First plot was positioned in the naturally
regenerated Balkan beech forest (Fagus moesiaca (K.
Maly) Czecz), while the second one was in Douglas-
fi r plantation (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco).
Natural vegetation in this area is Fagetum moesiacae
montanum Jov. 1953 (non Rudski 1949), but after wil-
dfi re, several parts of Vidlič Mountain were reforested
with the alien conifer species - Douglas-fi r. The aim
of this study was to investigate stand replacement of
the deciduous tree to conifer species and its possible
effect on the bryophyte fl ora. Total number of 48 taxa
(6 liverworts, 42 mosses) was found in beech forest,
and 43 taxa (9 liverworts and 34 mosses) in Douglas-
fi r forest. Statistical analysis showed that the differen-
ce between liverwort proportions is not statistically
signifi cant. Sörensen’s similarity index for these two
sites has value 0.31. The share of epiphytes in total
number of species is higher in beech forest, and the
difference in epiphyte proportion is statistically signi-
fi cant (at p≤0.05). Also the diversity of terricolous br-
yophytes is signifi cantly higher in Douglas-fi r forest,
probably because of the leaf litter which covers forest
fl oor bryophytes and reduces their diversity in beech
forest. Ellenberg’s ecological indices for light, tem-
perature, humidity and soil reaction were analyzed.
In both forest the majority of species are ones which
prefer half shade, lower temperatures and dry to mo-
derately humid habitats. Also, the majority of species
is acidophilus on both sites. The difference in abiotic
factors between these two sites is in soil moisture,
and that is one of the reasons for difference in species
composition, while air temperature and humidity are
not signifi cantly different. Among recorded species,
there is one species (Brachythecium geheebii Milde
1869) listed in Red data book of European bryophytes
in rare (R) category. Also, according to the Bryophyte
Red list of Serbia and Montenegro there is one spe-
cies (Leptobryum pyriforme (Hedw.) Wilson, 1855)
with “low risk” threat status. Both species were found
only in beech forest. This study gives valuable insight
into the bryophyte species composition and diversity
in the areas reforested with alien tree species against
autochthonous forests.
Keywords: mosses, liverworts, forest, beech, Dou-
glas-fi r
100 BC.P41. Lichen diversity of crustose
Madeira (Portugal) including a new spe-
cies
Mireia Giralt1, Pieter P. G. van den Boom2 & John A.
Elix3
1 Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia (Àrea de
Botànica), Facultat d’Enologia de Tarragona, Universi-
tat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel·lí Domingo nº 1, 43007, Ta-
rragona, Catalonia, Spain.
2 Arafura 16, 5691 JA, Son, the Netherlands
3 Research School of Chemistry, Australian National
University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
During several fi eldtrips to Portugal (Alentejo, the
Azores and Madeira) by the second author, lichens
were collected from all kind of substrata, in lowland,
coastal- and upland areas.
All material is deposited in the private herbarium of
P. van den Boom. Lichen morphology was examined
by standard techniques using stereo and compound
microscopes. Chemical constituents were identifi ed
by TLC.
An annotated list including crustose Physciaceae is
presented in this study. Among them a new species
from Madeira, Amandinea maderense, characterized
by 16-spored asci and Physconia-type ascospores is
reported. The new species is compared with the other
hitherto known Buellia s. lat. taxa with polyspored
asci, such as Amandinea errata, Buellia dives, Buellia
(Hafellia) pleiotera, Gassicurtia chermesina and Stig-
matochroma adaucta. A key to these species is pro-
vided.
Additional information is given for ca. 50 species, of
which the following are new records for the studied
areas: Buellia mediterranea, B. caloplacivora and B.
schaereri are new to the Azores and Rinodina guzzi-
nii is new to Madeira. Concerning the records from
Alentejo, mostly are new for the province. Further,
Rinodina teichophila and the lichenicolous fungi Wer-
nerella maheui, growing on Rinodina trachytica and
previously known from Morocco, France and Spain,
are newly reported from Portugal. Finally, an additio-
nal record of the very rare species Buellia indissimilis,
hitherto known only from two localities (type locality
included) in the north of Portugal, is included.
Distribution data were taken from the checklists of Ma-
deira (Carvalho et al. 2008), the Azores (Gabriel 2015),
the Iberian Peninsula (Hladun & Llimona 2002-2007)
and the Algarve (van den Boom & Giralt 2012). Addi-
tional data on Iberian Rinodina were obtained in Giralt
(2001).
References:
Carvalho, P., Figueira, R. & Jones, M.P. (2008) Os líque-
nes e fungos liquenícolas (Fungi) dos arquipélagos da
Madeira e das Selvagens. Direcção Regional do Ambien-
te da Madeira and Universidade dos Açores, Funchal and
Angra do Heroísmo. 440 pages, pp. 95-122
Gabriel, R. (2015) Base de dados da biodiversida-
de dos Açores. Líquenes. Universidade dos Açores.
http://www.azoresbioportal.angra.uac.pt/pesquisa.php?
lang=pt&sstr=1
Giralt, M. (2001) The Lichen genera Rinodina and Rino-
dinella (lichenized Ascomycetes, Physciaceae) in the Ibe-
rian Peninsula. Bibliotheca Lichenologica, 79: 1-160.
Hladun, N. & Llimona, X. (2002-2007) Checklist of the Li-
chens and lichenicolous Fungi of the Iberian Peninsula
and Balearic Islands. http://botanica.bio.ub.es/checklist/
checklist.htm
van den Boom, P. P. G. & Giralt, M. (2012) Checklist and
three new species of lichens and lichenicolous fungi of
the Algarve (Portugal). Sydowia 64: 149-207.
101
BC.P43. The Azorean Biodiversity Portal
–PORBIOTA: E-Infrastructure for small
islands bryophyte conservation
Borges PAV1, Gabriel, R1, Costa, AC2, Arroz AM1, Amo-
rim IR1, Gonçalves J3, Silva L2, Cunha R2, Elias RB1,
Soares AO2, Mendonça E1, Ferreira MT1, Cardoso P4
1 Ce3C - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environ-
mental Changes /Azorean Biodiversity Group and Uni-
versidade dos Açores, Angra do Heroísmo & Ponta
Delgada, Açores, Portugal. e-mail: pborges @uac.pt
2 CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e
Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado,
Polo dos Açores, Universidade dos Açores, 9501-801
Ponta Delgada, Portugal
3 Institute of Marine Research (IMAR) Department of
Oceanography and Fisheries at the University of the
Azores & LARSyS Associated Laboratory, 9901-862
Horta, Azores, Portugal
4 Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Hel-
sinki, Helsinki, Finland
The Azorean Biodiversity Portal (ABP) is an e-infras-
tructure based in Azores Islands and now associated
with Portuguese POBIOTA -LIFE-WATCH Europe and
GBIF –Portugal. The ABP is a key e-infrastructure for
the integrated management of biodiversity data of the
Azores, providing a large number of specialized ser-
vices supporting research, policy and education. This
was the fi rst Biodiversity Portal in Portugal, starting in
2008, and the only one which provides easy access to
island biodiversity data. ABP is currently recognized
as a valuable outreach, management and conserva-
tion tool for all who work in science and protection of
biodiversity. The 3000 visits per day, the numerous in-
ternational scientifi c collaborations, resulting in publi-
cations and academic thesis, and the connection with
other prestigious databases demonstrate the Portal’s
scientifi c quality as well as its general appeal.
The great investment made to halt biodiversity loss
has yet to fulfi ll its expectations as species abundan-
ce and distribution continue to decrease, deferring
many of the 2010 Biodiversity targets to the EU Biodi-
versity strategy to 2020. Nevertheless there is a wealth
of biodiversity information, ever increasing, and ma-
naging all these data is a daunting task. Using a more
collaborative framework and powerful information te-
chnologies will enhance the effi cacy of conservation
measurements. The main ABP action lines for the pe-
riod 2015-2020 are: a) improve the informatics system
of the e-infrastructure to allow complex queries and
improve user-friendliness; b) guarantee a rigorous
classifi cation for every species, providing updated
comprehensive checklists, ensuring accuracy on the
compilation of biogeographical information; this is the
backbone of the Portal and all its products and servi-
ces; c) provide innovative biodiversity analytical tools
for both researchers and community members and in-
vite them to contribute data to the Portal, establishing
effective science communication
Data collated by this project are relevant in contribu-
ting to the EU BEST Indicator Essential Biodiversity
Variables for Islands and for the new IPBE platform.
Moreover, we will contribute to Strategic Goal C of the
Aichi Biodiversity Targets for 2020 as defi ned in the
CBD 2011-2020 Strategic Plan (see www.cbd.int). Fi-
nally, we expect this project to provide strong base-
line information regarding the processes structuring
diversity on these outermost regions of Europe.
102
Marques RA1, Faustino MV1, Lopes L1, Carvalho AR1,
Silva H1,2 & P Silveira1,2
1 Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro,
3810-193 Aveiro
2 CESAM-Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar,
Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro
A identifi cação de plantas é ainda uma tarefa difícil
para o público em geral, estudantes e mesmo docen-
tes de vários níveis de ensino. Para as plantas silves-
tres, as obras mais fi áveis e completas são, ainda, as
fl oras, como a Nova Flora de Portugal e a Flora Iberica,
em que a identifi cação é realizada com base em cha-
ves de identifi cação e descrições extensas e repletas
de termos científi cos complexos, que desincentivam a
maioria dos não especialistas. Guias de identifi cação
baseados em fotografi as ou gravuras não abundam e
os que existem, resultam quase sempre de tradução
de obras relativas à fl ora europeia ou espanhola, in-
cluindo taxa que não ocorrem em Portugal, ou omitin-
do taxa portugueses relevantes.
Alternativas disponibilizadas recentemente incluem
chaves ilustradas, mais ou menos interativas, que au-
xiliam a identifi cação utilizando equipamentos multi-
média como PCs ou smartphones. No entanto, alter-
nativas mais simples e económicas podem também
ser usadas vantajosamente. Propõem-se aqui umas
chaves elaboradas para serem disponibilizadas em
formato pdf numa página web, que o público interes-
sado pode simplesmente imprimir e levar para o cam-
po, permitindo identifi car as Peridófi tas da Serra da
Lousã. Estas chaves foram elaboradas de forma a per-
mitir a identifi cação destas plantas, quase exclusiva-
mente, com base em caracteres morfológicos macros-
cópicos, de forma a facilitar o seu uso no campo, sem
necessidade de uma lupa, tal como acontece com as
chaves incluídas nas obras acima mencionadas. Para
além das chaves, também foram incluídas fotos de
campo, com aspetos gerais e pormenores importan-
tes para a identifi cação, bem como um glossário de
termos botânicos, indicação de percursos pedestres
em que podem ser observadas as Pteridófi tas abor-
dadas e uma fi cha para cada taxon com informação
adicional, nomeadamente de natureza etnobotânica e
ecológica.
A restrição aos taxa de ocorrência confi rmada na Se-
rra da Lousã auxiliou na elaboração de chaves de uso
mais fácil que as chaves convencionais. Adicional-
mente, esta restrição permitirá a sua utilização, não
só por alunos de botânica do ensino universitário,
mas também uma utilização mais alargada no âmbito
de atividades de educação ambiental e turismo cientí-
fi co, sensibilizando para a conservação deste impor-
tante grupo de plantas criptogâmicas.
BC.P45. Análisis del contenido de ADN
nuclear de algas marinas de la Antártida
Martín Martín R, Vilajoliu Galcerán E, Rull Lluch J, Ri-
bera Siguan MA, Gómez Garreta A
Laboratori de Botanica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Univer-
sitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s.n, 08028 Barcelo-
na, Spain
Hasta el momento no existe ningún dato publicado
sobre el valor del contenido de ADN nuclear de algas
marinas de la Antártida. En dos trabajos fi nal de más-
ter (Vilajoliu, E., 2011; Martín, R., 2014) se ha estudiado
la cantidad de ADN nuclear de 12 especies de algas
marinas de la Antártida: 7 pertenecientes a la clase
Rhodophyceae (Ballia callitricha (C. Agardh) Kützing,
Neuroglossum delesseriae (Reinsch) M.J. Wynne, Pic-
coniella plumosa (Kylin) De Toni, Gigartina skottsber-
gii Setchell et Gardner, Austropugetia crassa R.L. Moe,
Rhodymenia coccocarpa (Montagne) M.J. Wynne e
Hymenocladiopsis prolifera (Reinsch) M.J.Wynne) y 5
a la clase Phaeophyceae (Desmarestia antarctica R.L.
Moe et P.C. Silva, Desmarestia menziesii J. Agardh,
Phaeurus antarcticus Skottsberg, Ascoseira mirabilis
Skottsberg e Himantothallus grandifolius (A.Gepp &
E.S.Gepp) Zinova).
El análisis del ADN nuclear se ha realizado median-
te espectrofl uorimetría, a partir de muestras conser-
vadas en Carnoy y utilizando DAPI (4’, 6-diamidino-
2-phenylindole, dilactate) como marcador del ADN.
Las imágenes obtenidas se han analizado mediante el
software MetaMorph (Molecular Devices, Toronto, ON,
Canada). El contenido de ADN nuclear, en picogramos
(pg), se ha estimado por comparación de la intensidad
de fl uorescencia (if) de los núcleos de la muestra con
la de los núcleos de eritrocitos de Gallus gallus (RBC),
que se han usado como patrón ya que poseen un con-
tenido de ADN nuclear estable de 2,4 pg.
Los valores del contenido de ADN nuclear para las al-
gas rojas examinadas oscilan entre 2C=0,38 picogra-
mos en Gigartina skottsbergii y 2C=1,63 pg en Neuro-
glossum delesseriae. En el caso de las algas pardas
los valores varían entre 2C=0,18 pg en Desmarestia
antarctica y Desmarestia menziesii, y 2C=0,96 pg en
Phaeurus antarcticus.
Los resultados obtenidos se incorporarán a la base
de datos de valores C de algas del Kew Royal Botanic
Garden (http://www.rbgKew.org.uk/cval).
103
BC.P46. El género Ulota D. Mohr (Ortho-
del Cabo de Hornos
Garilleti R.1, Draper I.2, Mazimpaka V. 2, Lara F.2
1 Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia,
Universidad de Valencia. Avda. Vicente Andrés Este-
llés s/n, E-46100 Burjassot (Valencia), España
2 Departamento de Biología (Botánica), Facultad de
Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/Darwin
2, E-28049 Madrid, España
El Archipiélago de Cabo de Hornos, ubicado en áreas
meridionales de la Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego,
está limitado por el canal Cockburn en el NW, por la
Cordillera Darwin en el CN y el canal del Beagle en
el NE. Actualmente se considera una unidad biogeo-
gráfi ca para cuya defi nición tiene un papel importan-
te el que la Cordillera Darwin suponga una diviso-
ria de aguas que la distingue bioclimáticamente de
áreas más septentrionales. La región representa una
zona biológica y físicamente única, conocida por ser
un centro de riqueza y endemicidad para diferentes
grupos. Desde 2005 es Reserva de la Biosfera de la
UNESCO, para lo que infl uyó su riqueza en criptóga-
mas (5% de las especies de líquenes y briófi tos en el
0.01% de la superfi cie del planeta). Tradicionalmente
se ha atribuido al género Ulota una diversidad paralela
a su notable abundancia en la zona.
A pesar de que por su carácter insular meridional pu-
diera pensarse que climáticamente la Región es re-
lativamente homogénea, existe un notable gradiente
climático W-E que afecta considerablemente a su brio-
fl ora. Las precipitaciones varían entre 3.000 mm/año
en el extremo occidental y menos de 500 mm/año en
el oriental. Las elevadas precipitaciones de la sección
occidental del archipiélago permiten que briófi tos que
no toleran el espray salino se localicen cerca del mar.
El Archipiélago continua siendo una las zonas brioló-
gicamente menos exploradas del planeta, a pesar de
que entre 2011-2014 se ha hecho un gran esfuerzo de
herborización a través de un proyecto de la NSF, en el
que se invitó a participar a numerosos expertos fl o-
ristas o taxónomos. Hasta esta exploración, grandes
zonas del archipiélago no habían sido herborizadas
en absoluto o lo fueron en el siglo XIX por no espe-
cialistas. En comparación con otros territorios austra-
les (Australia, Nueva Zelanda, Sudáfrica) su briofl ora
continua estando poco conocida, careciendo de trata-
mientos generales que sí existen, por ejemplo, para la
Antártida.
Dentro del contexto más general de un estudio sis-
temático y biogeográfi co del género Ulota en el he-
misferio sur, se está analizando todas las muestras
de Orthotrichaceae recolectadas en la zona, especial-
mente las numerosas recolecciones del proyecto de
2011-2014.
Se presentan los primeros resultados de este estudio,
entre los que destaca la descripción de dos nuevas
especies. A pesar de ello, la diversidad de Ulota pare-
ce no ser tan alta como se estimaba. Finalmente, se
muestra mediante una clave ilustrada la diferencia-
ción de las especies reconocidas.
BC.P47. Estudio de las comunidades
turismo en Isla Barrientos, Shetland del
Sur.
Laura Muñoz-Puelles1, Belén Albertos1, Ricardo Gari-
lleti1, Javier Benayas2 & Francisco Lara3
1 Departamento de Botánica. Universitat de València.
Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n. E-46100 Burjassot.
2 Departamento de Ecología. Universidad Autónoma
de Madrid. C/ Darwin, 2. E-28049 Madrid.
3 Departamento de Biología (Botánica). Universidad
Autónoma de Madrid. C/ Darwin, 2. E-28049 Madrid.
The Antarctic Treaty, in order to avoid the disturban-
ce of ecosystems, establishes a series of guidelines
for visitors for the most frequented sites. Barrientos, a
small island in the South Shetland archipelago, despi-
te its reduced size (1.5 km in length, about 600 meters
wide and 70 meters high) houses a remarkable fauna
and landscape and has a unusually extensive bryo-
phyte carpet covering the centre of the island. These
elements, along with its good accessibility, make it
particularly attractive for tour operators, and the is-
land is among the 15 most popular places in Antarcti-
ca, with about 6,000 tourists landing a year.
Barrientos Island visitor guide suffered a modifi cation
in 2005, enabling a new route in order to allow the re-
covery of the trail used so far. This change resulted in
serious damage to the bryophyte carpet of the island,
which is why it is currently being studied to monitor
the recovery and to provide the scientifi c information
needed for a proper management of the territory.
This paper presents the fl oristic catalogue of the is-
land, the description of the bryophyte communities
affected by the touristic use, and the differences in the
degree of sensitivity to trampling.
104 BC.P49. Marine cyanobacterial mats
dominated by Lyngbya-like spp. from
geographically close and ecologically
similar sampling sites exhibit different
bioactivities
Martins T.1,2,3, Ramos V.1,2, Costa M.S.2, Bessa L.J.2,3,
Martins da Costa P. 2,3, Urbatzka R.2, Hassouani M.4,
Brahim S.4, Leão P.2, Vasconcelos V.1,2
1 Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Cam-
po Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
2 Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental
Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Rua
dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
3 Biomedical Sciences Institute of Abel Salazar (IC-
BAS), University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Fe-
rreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
4 Chouaib Doukkali University, Faculty of Science,
Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology and Recovery of
Aquatic Ecosystems, El Jadida, Morocco
Some marine benthic cyanobacteria (e.g. Lyngbya
spp., Moorea spp., Microcoleus spp., etc) are likely to
develop into dense mats in coastal tidal or in other
salt fl at, undisturbed environments. During a sam-
pling campaign along the Atlantic coast of Morocco,
we have collected biological material from three of
those mats, one from a rocky beach (Oualidia) and
two from small saltern ponds located just behind the
primary dune (Mrizika). The sampling sites were (1)
geographically close, (2) ecologically related and (3)
homogeneous in terms of species composition. Mor-
phological-based identifi cation of the cyanobacteria
species present on the samples allowed to confi rm the
dominance of Lyngbya-like spp. on all of them.
Crude organic extracts were obtained for the three
cyanobacterial mats and fractionated by Vacuum Li-
quid Chromatography (VLC). The resulting fractions
were tested for antimicrobial activity against Gram-
negative bacteria, Eschericia coli and Pseudomonas
aeruginosa, Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus
aureus and Bacillus subtilis, and the yeast Candida
albicans. Enzymatic inhibition assays (using the 20S
proteasome and HDAC as targets) and in vitro cyto-
toxicity assays with human cell lines were also carried
out using the same fractions. Remarkably, this activity
screening has showed that comparable VLC fractions
obtained from the three different mats (including the
two very similar samples from Mrizika) exhibit highly
dissimilar bioactivity profi les. This fi nding suggests
that the specialized metabolite profi le of the three
mats is fundamentally different.
Bioassays results will allow the selection of promising
(i.e. more active) fractions for downstream proces-
sing, namely bioassay guided isolation and structural
elucidation of cyanobacterial secondary metabolites.
BC.P50. Seasonal dynamics of pho-
tosynthetic thermal stability and
xanthophyll cycle pigments in some
moss and lichen components of crypto-
biotic crusts exposed at different habi-
tat in Bugac, Hungary
Laufer Zs1, Dulai S2, Veres K1, Csintalan Zs1
1 Institute of Botany and Ecophysiology, Faculty of
Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent Is-
tván University, Gödöllő, Hungary
2 Department of Plant Physiology, Eszterházy College,
Eger, Hungary
Cryptobiotic crusts (CBC) can be found on the soil surfa-
ces in very harsh environment throughout the world. CBC
form a community of cyanobacteria, algae, fungi, lichens
and mosses and are exposed to the join effect of many
abiotic stress factors such as drought, high light, intense
UV radiation and high temperature. Photosynthesis is the
most sensitive process to high temperature stress. Heat
sensitivity of plants is in tight connection with the thermal
stability of PSII and can be well characterized by the critical
temperature of the initial fl uorescence level (F0) of dark-
adapted leaves. In this study, we investigated the seaso-
nal variation of some chlorophyll fl uorescence parameters
such as the maximal photochemical quantum yield (Fv/
Fm) of photosystem II (PSII), light adapted quantum yield
of PSII (ΔF/Fm’), non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and
the thermal stability of PSII in connection with the amount
and ratio of chlorophylls and xanthophyll cycle pigments
(VAZ) in numerous moss and lichen species collected from
different habitat. Our sampling site is situated on the san-
dy dunes of Bugacpuszta in the Kiskunság National Park,
Hungary. Critical temperatures (Tc) of mosses varied bet-
ween 40 and 45°C while in lichens with green algae photo-
biont Tc’s were between 42 and 50°C and 38-42°C in cya-
nolichens. In mosses collected from relatively cooler and
moister steep North-East slope of sandy dune of the sam-
pling site Tc reached its maximum in winter while species
collected from relatively warmer and drier South-West slo-
pe reached their maximum peak in summer time. In most
of the lichens critical temperatures were almost constant
during the year and the highest value appeared in summer.
Species collected from South-West site showed higher Fv/
Fm, ΔF/Fm’ values and higher chlorophyll content through
the year compared to species from relatively cooler and
moister habitat. Total Chl content increased from late au-
tumn to a maximum found in winter. The Chl a/b ratio rose
from winter to summer. Zeaxanthin content increased gra-
dually from autumn and winter, reaching maximum values
in spring and in summer in all collected moss and lichen
species, respectively. The de-epoxidation state of xantho-
phyll cycle pigments (DEPS) and NPQ showed similar dy-
namics during majority of the year, reaching their maxi-
mum values in spring in all collected moss species. The
VAZ content closely followed the zeaxanthin. All data show
that mosses and lichen photobionts can acclimate not only
to seasonal changes but to different microclimatic condi-
tions that are very close to each other.
105
porte en muestras liquénicas trasplan-
tadas
Fernández Salegui AB 1, Pérez-Llamazares A, Terrón
Alfonso A
1 Dpto. Biodiversidad y Gestión Ambiental, Área de
Botánica, Universidad de León.
En la actualidad muchos estudios de biomonitorización
con líquenes utilizan trasplantes con el fin de valorar
evolución y variaciones de los diferentes aspectos
analizados en cada caso.
El presente estudio se centra en el análisis de la
influencia del trasplante en muestras liquénicas.
Hemos utilizado muestras de Parmelia sulcata Tayl. en
la localidad de Candanedo de Boñar, situada al norte
de la provincia de León. Se han establecido tres puntos
de muestreo distantes entre sí 100m. En cada punto,
se han tomado muestras de P. sulcata presentes sobre
el tronco del roble melojo (Quercus pyreanica Willd.).
Con dichas muestras y en cada uno de los tres puntos
analizados, se ha realizado un trasplante en el mismo
roble del que se toman las muestras, y otro trasplante,
en este caso sobre un soporte artificial elaborado con
estacas de madera en las que se cuelgan bolsas de
red plástica, situado en la base del roble elegido. Las
muestras se analizan en el momento del trasplante
(T0), a las tres semanas (T1), a las seis semanas (T2) y
a las nueve semanas (T3) del trasplante.
Los análisis se centran en variación de la cinética
de la fluorescencia de la clorofila a en las muestras
trasplantadas en soporte natural y artificial, respecto
a las no trasplantadas. Los diferentes parámetros
de analizados son : Fo, Fm, Fv/Fm, Φ PSII, atenuación
fotoquímica, atenuación no fotoqímica, Fm´y Fo´.
Si analizamos cada uno de los tiempos por separado,
observamos cómo no existen diferencias significativas
entre las medidas de las muestras de los diferentes
soportes.
El análisis estadístico de los resultados muestra que en
Fv/Fm, Fm, Fm´y Fo´existen diferencias significativas
entre las muestras situadas en el soporte y las
muestras tanto presentes en el árbol trasplantadas
sobre el mismo tronco, entre el T0 y el T3 . Estas
variaciones pueden deberse a las variaciones debidas
a la climatología, donde las condiciones reinantes en
la última medida diferían sustancialmente del resto.
Podemos concluir que la realización de trasplantes
es una técnica que puede ser utilizada en estudios de
biomonitorización sin que se vea alterada la cinética
de la fluorescencia de la clorofila a.
Fernández Salegui AB 1, Pérez-Llamazares A, Terrón
Alfonso A
1 Dpto. Biodiversidad y Gestión Ambiental, Área de
Botánica, Universidad de León.
El presente estudio tiene como objetivo analizar
la calidad del aire y evaluar el comportamiento de
diversos contaminantes en los alrededores de Velilla
del Río Carrión (Palencia, España). Se utilizaron dos
especies liquénicas (Parmelia sulcata Tayl. y Evernia
prunastri (L.) Ach.) y un musgo (Pseudoescleropodium
purum (Hedw.) Fleisch.). A tal fin, se recolectaron
talos en 17 puntos de muestreo situados en dirección
N, S, E y W, a una distancia de 500m, 1000m, 2000m
y 4000m respectivamente del centro de la zona de
estudio, donde se encuentra la Central Térmica
de Velilla del Río Carrión. En el caso del musgo,
únicamente hemos obtenido ejemplares en los puntos
de muestreo situadas en el transecto N a S. Dichas
muestras fueron enviadas al Laboratorio de Técnicas
Instrumentales de la Universidad de León donde se
analizaron y se obtuvieron las concentraciones de los
11 elementos estudiados: Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb,
S, V y Zn.
En base a los resultados obtenidos, se puede
comprobar la diferente tasa de acumulación entre
los dos líquenes utilizados, siendo esta mayor en
P. sulcata. Por otro lado, se observan variaciones
en la dispersión de algunos elementos analizados
como el Al, Cr, Fe, Ni, S y V. Analizando los mapas
de distribución de los diferentes elementos, se puede
establecer el origen de los elementos analizados,
observándose que, además de la central térmica,
existen varios focos contaminantes en la zona,
tanto fijos como difusos. Precisamente ese origen
combinado puede ser el motivo de las variaciones
observadas, junto con la climatología.
Además, en dichos mapas de distribución se pone de
manifiesto que la dirección de los vientos dominantes
reinantes en la zona de estudio dispersan los
contaminantes hacia el E y SE. Se suma a la acción
de dichos vientos, la altura a la que se produce la
emisión y la orografía, como elementos determinantes
en la dispersión de los contaminantes.
106
rias de un área forestal en Gredos
Rosado Recio E, Draper I & Estébanez B
Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Uni-
versidad Autónoma de Madrid
Las partículas contaminantes emitidas a la atmósfera
por diferentes fuentes frecuentemente afectan a las
comunidades de briófi tos desarrolladas en las proxi-
midades. No obstante, no existen estudios previos en
los que se analice el efecto del tráfi co rodado sobre
las comunidades de briófi tos saxícolas. En este con-
texto, este estudio pretende evaluar el uso de musgos
saxícolas como bioindicadores indirectos de los con-
taminantes emitidos en carreteras secundarias poco y
medianamente transitadas.
Se han estudiado dos carreteras con densidad vehi-
cular diferente, situadas en la Sierra de Gredos, en la
provincia de Ávila, España. La primera carretera es la
Avp-418, localizada en el Parque Natural del Valle de
Iruelas (zona ZEPA y LIC), el cual presenta un alto va-
lor ecológico por albergar el área de nidifi cación del
buitre negro, así como especies vegetales de interés
(tejo, acebo, etc.). La segunda carretera es la CL-505,
localizada entre las Sierras de Gredos y Guadarrama,
y discurre por el este de la provincia de Ávila hacia
Madrid. El muestreo en ambas carreteras, se realizó
en una zona donde predomina el Pinus pinaster (pino
resinero) y no existían briófi tos epífi tos ni terrícolas
en abundancia sufi ciente.
En cada zona se recolectaron musgos saxícolas de
10 rocas, y se estudió, en función de la distancia a la
carretera, la composición fl orística de briófi tos saxí-
colas y la abundancia relativa de cada especie. Se tra-
tó de homogeneizar las rocas muestreadas, pero aun
así, se tomó en consideración las variables de pino-
cha acumulada en la superfi cie, rugosidad de la roca,
inclinación de la muestra, sombra, y orientación de la
cara de roca muestreada. Posteriormente los datos
fl orísticos obtenidos se analizaron estadísticamente
mediante análisis de regresión lineal simple y orde-
nación (DCA).
Los resultados obtenidos en ambas carreteras no
muestran efectos signifi cativos sobre las comunida-
des de briófi tos, aunque sí se han podido detectar cier-
tas tendencias. Esto indica que el método empleado
no es adecuado para carreteras poco y medianamen-
te transitadas. El efecto de los contaminantes sobre
las comunidades de musgos saxícolas podría no ser
tan notable como en musgos terrícolas, posiblemente
debido al lavado de contaminantes. Para comprobar
estas conclusiones, se recomendaría complementar
este estudio con otros métodos, como el análisis de
las concentraciones de contaminantes en los tejidos.
gicas associadas à biodegradação da Sé
de Lamego
Machado B1,2, Marques, G3, Sousa, L1,2, Gomes E1,2
1 Departamento de Geologia, Universidade de Trás-os-
Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal;
2 CEMUC, Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal;
3 CITAB, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Dou-
ro, Departamento de Agronomia, Vila Real, Portugal.
A Sé de Lamego é um monumento de elevado inte-
resse cultural localizado no centro histórico da cidade
de Lamego, norte de Portugal. A sua construção data
do século XII e nela foram usadas, pelo menos, cinco
rochas graníticas que afl oram na região: granito bio-
títico de Lamego, granito de duas micas de Várzea de
Abrunhais, granitos moscovíticos de Valdigem e das
Meadas e um aplito. Todas as litologias revelaram,
através da caracterização petrográfi ca, petrofísica e
dinâmica, aspetos de alteração hidrotermal e meteó-
rica, que conduziram à existência de fi ssuras inter e
intragranulares, aumentando a rede de porosidade
das pedras.
O estudo das patologias presentes na sua fachada
principal e claustros do monumento, permitiu concluir
a prevalência da colonização biológica, seguida de al-
terações cromáticas, pátinas, crostas negras, placas,
desagregação granular, fi lmes negros e fi ssuras. A
presença destas formas de alteração é responsável
por danos gravosos nas alvenarias e contribui em
muito para a perda do valor patrimonial do imóvel.
A colonização biológica dominada por líquenes ca-
racteriza-se ainda pela presença de musgos e plantas
superiores. A sua distribuição varia temporal e espa-
cialmente e atinge, nalgumas áreas, o topo do edifício.
Foram amostradas 27 espécies liquénicas para iden-
tifi cação molecular dos fungos associados através
da amplifi cação por PCR e sequenciação da região
ITS do DNA ribossómico. A maioria das 15 espécies
identifi cadas pertence à divisão Ascomycota, sendo
os géneros Phoma, Epicoccum e Alternaria os mais
comuns. A diversidade de espécies deve-se ao tipo de
substrato, à existência de dejetos e à deposição de
poluentes.
O decaimento da pedra provocado por estes organis-
mos resulta da libertação de ácidos orgânicos, que
promovem a dissolução de minerais, e da desinte-
gração do material pétreo, devido à penetração das
hifas. Uma vez que estas populações são dominadas
por fungos negros, são muito resistentes à insolação
e a tratamentos químicos.
107
diviano. Parque Nacional Alerce Coste-
ro. Valdivia, Chile.
Villagra J 1, Raggio J 1, Sancho L.G 1
1 Departamento de Biología Vegetal II. Facultad de Far-
macia. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. 28040.
Madrid. España.
La región valdiviana tiene un clima templado lluvioso
con abundantes precipitaciones durante todo el año.
En los bosques de esta región la cubierta de líque-
nes epífi tos alcanza una de las biomasas más altas
del planeta. A pesar de la gran cantidad de lluvia anual
presenta una heterogeneidad en su distribución que
tiene como consecuencias periodos de sequia estival
que dejan a los epífi tos poiquilohídricos expuestos
a la desecación. En este sentido, nos preguntamos
¿Que tan sensibles son los líquenes a la desecación
prolongada en estos bosques?. Estudios funcionales
y evaluación a la desecación de estos organismos
aun son escasos en Chile. De esta forma el objetivo
de este trabajo fue estudiar la respuesta a la deseca-
ción en macrolíquenes de un bosque siempreverde de
Nothofagus nitida-Saxegothaea conspicua presentes
en el Parque Nacional Alerce Costero (Valdivia, Chile).
Para ello, hemos seleccionado las especies más abun-
dantes de este bosque (Sticta ainoae D. J. Galloway &
J. Pickering, Pseudocyphellaria nítida (Taylor) Malme,
Pseudocyphellaria berberina (G. Forst.) D.J. Galloway
& P. James, Pseudocyphellaria divulsa (Taylor) Im-
shaug, Pseudocyphellaria coerulescens (Mont.) D.J.
Galloway & P. James, Sticta caulescens De Not., Bu-
nodophoron australe (Laurer) A. Massal. y Leifi dium
tenerum (Laurer) Wedin). Se midió el contenido rela-
tivo de agua, Rendimiento Cuántico Máximo (Fv/Fm),
Rendimiento cuántico efectivo (YII) y la tasa de trans-
porte de electrones (ETR). Nuestros resultados su-
gieren una respuesta especifi ca de cada especie, con
una rápida alteración fotosintética en la exposición
temporal a la desecación medidas por fl uorescencia.
Este estudio también nos han permitido confi rmar la
baja tolerancia de este tipo de líquenes a altas radia-
ciones refl ejados en el perfi l de saturación obtenido
para todo el set estudiado.
BEM.P6. Spatial variability of ultravio-
let-absorbing compounds in an aquatic
liverwort and their usefulness as bio-
markers of current and past UV
radiation: A case study in the Atlantic–
Mediterranean transition
Laura Monforte, Rafael Tomás-Las-Heras, María-Ánge-
les Del-Castillo-Alonso, Gonzalo Soriano, Javier Martí-
nez-Abaigar, Encarnación Núñez-Olivera
Edifi cio Científi co-Tecnológico, Universidad de La
Rioja, Avda. Madre de Dios 53, E-26006 Logroño, Spain
The spatial variability of ultraviolet-absorbing compounds
(UVACs) in the freshwater liverwort Jungermannia exser-
tifolia subsp. cordifolia was studied in mid-latitudes (the
Atlantic–Mediterranean transition) across a wide lati-al-
titudinal gradient, with the aim of testing the usefulness
of UVACs as biomarkers of current ambient levels of UV
radiation. We analysed 17 samples from streams located
in the main mountain ranges of the Iberian Peninsula, di-
fferentiating methanol-soluble (SUVACs, mainly located
in the vacuoles) and methanol-insoluble (IUVACs, bound
to cell walls) compounds, since they represent different
manners to cope with UV radiation. In both fractions, the
bulk level of UVACs and the concentrations of several
individual compounds were measured. In addition, we
measured Fv/Fm, DNA damage and sclerophylly index (SI)
as possible additional UV biomarkers.
UVACs showed a high variability, probably due not only
to the gradients of macroenvironmental factors (UV ra-
diation, PAR, and water temperature), but also to mi-
croenvironmental factors inherent to the dynamic nature
of mountain streams. Two soluble coumarins were po-
sitively correlated with UV levels and could be used for
ambient UV biomonitoring in the spatial scale. In contrast
to the variability in UVACs, the relatively homogeneous
values of Fv/Fm and the lack of any DNA damage made
these variables useless for ambient UV biomonitoring,
but suggested a strong acclimation capacity of this li-
verwort to changing environmental conditions (in parti-
cular, to UV levels). Finally, UVACs of fresh samples of
the liverwort were compared to those of herbarium sam-
ples collected in the same lati-altitudinal gradient. SUVA-
Cs were signifi cantly higher in fresh samples, whereas
IUVACs generally showed the contrary. Thus, IUVACs
were more stable than SUVACs and hence more ade-
quate for retrospective UV biomonitoring. In conclusion,
UVAC compartmentation should be taken into account
for bryophyte-based UV biomonitoring in future studies.
We are grateful to the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
of Spain and FEDER funds (Project CGL2011-26977) for
fi nancial support. Laura Monforte and María-Ángeles Del-
Castillo-Alonso benefi ted from respective grants of the
Gobierno de La Rioja (PRED2010/16) and Universidad de
La Rioja (Plan Propio 2014). Several institutions kindly
authorized sample collection in protected areas of Spain.
108 BEM.P7. Bryophyte species used as indi-
cators of raised bog degradation in Lat-
via
Strazdina L 1
1 University of Latvia, Botanical Garden, Kandavas
str.2, Riga, Latvia
In Latvia, different mire types (fens, poor fens, raised
bogs) take about 3000 km2 of the country area and
nearly 40 % of all mires are under protection. However,
large part of mires, especially raised bogs, are degra-
ded due to former peat mining or transformed to agri-
cultural or forested areas. To study the negative effect
of mire degradation to vegetation and particularly to
bryophyte layer, three Nature Reserves were investi-
gated within the framework of LIFE project Wetlands.
In total, 49 vascular plant, bryophyte, and lichen spe-
cies were found using transect method. Vegetation
and plant communities in 120 sample plots showed
signifi cant differences between natural and degraded
raised bogs. From recorded 21 bryophyte species,
seven were found exclusively or mostly in degraded
mire areas (Dicranum scoparium, Pleurozium schre-
beri, Polytrichum juniperinum, Sphagnum angustifo-
lium, S. capillifolium, S. fl exuosum, S. russowii). Some
of these are typical boreal forest species thus indica-
ting to mire degradation that follows after drainage
(mineralized peat, dry and shaded conditions). Whe-
reas nine bryophyte species showed close connec-
tion with natural mire habitats (Cladopodiella fl uitans,
Dicranum bonjeanii, Kurzia paucifl ora, Mylia anoma-
la, Sphagnum balticum, S. cuspidatum, S. fuscum, S.
rubellum, S. tenellum). Most of them were found in
bog pools and wet hollows that are indicator features
of natural raised bog microrelief in Latvia.
Obtained results are useful for mire habitat mapping,
assessment of mire degradation intensity and degree,
as well as for evaluation of management success in
degraded raised bogs when restoration activities have
been implemented.
BEM.P8. UV-absorbing compounds
(UVAC) in the liverwort Marchantia po-
lymorpha
Del Castillo M.A.1, Soriano G.1, Monforte L.1, Martínez-
Abaigar J.1 y Núñez-Olivera E.1
1Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26006 Lo-
groño
maria-angeles-del.castillo@unirioja.es
The ability of plants to tolerate high levels of UV ra-
diation (UVR) is partly constitutive and partly adapti-
ve, and is mostly based on the accumulation of UV-
absorbing compounds (UVAC), specifi cally phenolics.
This accumulation is the most consistent response
of plants to increased UVR, and thus the synthesis
of phenolic compounds would decisively contribute
to the protection mechanisms that both cormophytes
and bryophytes have developed against UVR.
Our objective was to analyze the UVAC global con-
tents, as well as the most signifi cant phenolic com-
pounds, in fi eld-grown samples of the liverwort
Marchantia polymorpha L. collected in the Sierra de
Cameros (La Rioja, Spain).
Samples were collected from sun-exposed popula-
tions in July 2014. After harvesting, the samples were
immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen until study. We
analyzed UVAC located in two different cell com-
partments: vacuoles, or soluble fraction (S-UVAC),
and cell walls, or insoluble fraction (I-UVAC). The glo-
bal contents of UVAC were analyzed by spectrophoto-
metry, whereas identifi cation and quantifi cation of the
phenolic compounds in both fractions was performed
using UPLC-MS.
UVAC had similar concentration in both fractions. The
S-UVAC were mainly fl avonoids, while I-UVAC were
hydroxycinnamic acids. The individual compounds
identifi ed in the soluble fraction were four fl avones:
apigenin-7-O-glucuronide, apigenin-7,3’-O-diglucu-
ronide, luteolin-3-O-glucuronide and luteolin-7,3-O-
diglucuronide. Apigenin-7,3’-O-diglucuronide was the
most abundant compound (about 49%) and luteolin-
3-O-glucuronide was the less abundant one (about
8%). In the insoluble fraction two hydroxycinnamic
acids were identifi ed: p-coumaric and ferulic acids.
The fi rst acid was the most abundant compound with
68%.
In conclusion, Marchantia polymorpha had great di-
fferences in the composition of phenolic compounds
between the soluble and insoluble fractions, whereas
the global content of UVAC was very similar. The fact
that several compounds found in both fractions (fl a-
vones and hydroxycinnamic acids) are known to play
an important role as antioxidants, suggests that these
compounds could participate in the protection mecha-
nisms of this species against UVR.
109
BEM.P10. Airborne spores of Ustilago
and their relation with meteorological
parameters
Muñoz Triviño M1
1 University of Extremadura (Spain)
Introduction. Ustilago includes Basidiomycetes fungi
that are responsible for phytopathological diseases
named smuts. They are quite abundant mainly as pa-
rasites of grasses, attacking principally infl orescen-
ces and causing relevant spoilage on cereal crops.
Teliospores from Ustilago species are airborne dis-
persed and two of the most frequent are corn smut
(Ustilago maydis) with rough teliospores and Ustilago
cynodontis with smooth teliospores. This names may
include other species that cannot be separated only
by their teliospores.
Material and Methods. Sampling was carried out for
one year, from April 2009 to March 2010 in Badajoz
(SW of Spain). Air was aerobiological monitored with
a Hirst spore trap 127 days distributed along the pe-
riod studied. Petrolatum white was used as adhesi-
ve. Teliospores were identifi ed and counted at x1000
magnifi cation with one or two horizontal scans in the
center of the slide using light microscope. Data were
provided as daily or hourly spores concentration per
cubic meter. Weather data were provided by a meteo-
rological station close to the spore trap.
Results. Average concentration of teliospores was 150
and 170 spores/m3 for U. cynodontis and U. maydis
respectively. For both fungi May was the moth were
the highest concentration were reached and February
with the lowest ones; notwithstanding daily peaks may
appear in other months. Daily peaks of concentration
were recorded on November 10th for U. cynodon-
tis (1474 spores/m3) and on May 28th for U. maydis
(1772 spores/m3). Hourly airborne spore distribution
did not showed a clear pattern in U. cynodontis, with
barley differences along the day; nevertheless, for U.
maydis maximum spores concentration were reached
between 12:00-14:00 UTC and the lowest at 3:00 UTC.
Daily data compared with meteorology showed statis-
tically signifi cant correlation positive for temperature
and negative with rain and relative humidity for both
fungi types.
Conclusions. Airborne smuts teliospores are present
in the air nearly all the year but they are concentra-
ted mainly in spring. Rain and relative humidity redu-
ce their concentration but temperature originates an
increase in their abundance. Hourly pattern appeared
in U. maydis with maximum at noon and minimum at
night; nevertheless, U. cynodontis did not showed
hourly pattern of spore distribution.
BEM.P12. Trentepohlia umbrina (Chlo-
rophyta) on Scots pine as a bioindicator
of alkaline dust pollution
Degtjarenko P1, Marmor L1
1 University of Tartu, Institute of Ecology and Earth
Sciences, Lai Street 40, Tartu 51005, Estonia
The total emission of many air pollutants (e.g. SO2, CO,
C6H6) has decreased in Europe, but particulate matter
is still a problematic pollutant as it poses a signifi cant
harm to human health and environment. Primary parti-
culate matter or dust particles may be emitted to envi-
ronment from rock quarrying, combustion processes,
kiln grinding or from surfaces of gravel roads by in-
tensive traffi c, and deposit generally in the vicinity of
power plants, cement industries, limestone quarries or
unpaved roads. Dust pollution may have a considera-
ble impact on local environment, for example it can al-
ter the structure and productivity of plant communities
through the changes in the pH value and element con-
tent of soils. The present study was driven by the wish
to broaden the selection of ecological indicators for
estimating the alkaline dust pollution. We studied the
abundance of the algal species Trentepohlia umbrina
on Pinus sylvestris trunks, an acidic substrate that it
normally does not occupy. The study was carried out
in northern Estonia in the surroundings of four major
limestone quarries, considerable local-level sources
of dust pollution. Spearman’s correlation analyses
revealed that the cover of T. umbrina on tree trunks
was signifi cantly higher near the quarries (Rs=−0,74;
n=32; p<0,00001), evidently due to the elevated bark
pH, its maximum values reaching ca. 30% (mean of
fi ve trees studied per sample plot). The cover of the
species decreased steeply at the distance of 800–900
m from the quarries; further than 1000 m from the qua-
rries the maximum cover was already less than 4%,
and further than 2000 m less than 1%. The correlation
between the cover of T. umbrina and measured bark
pH values indicated a steep increase in cover at about
pH 3.8–3.9; the cover values varied between 0 and 4%
below and between 10 and 31% above that pH. The re-
sults of Kruskal-Wallis test did not indicate signifi cant
differences in the cover of T. umbrina between the four
quarries (H(3,32)=1.54; p=0.67). Our results confi rm
that T. umbrina could be used as an indicator species
of alkaline dust pollution. We propose that using of T.
umbrina on Scots pine as bioindicator of alkaline dust
pollution in Northern Europe is quite applicable, but
the situation might be different in other regions. The
reddish powdery coating of Trentepohlia on bark is
easily noticeable and recognisable at fi eld; however,
futher certain indifi cation the species without micros-
copical examination might be challenging.
110 BEM.P13. Lichen diversity of a pine fo-
rest is impacted by pollution from pulp
mill industry
Rodrigues SA 1*, Fernández-Salegui AB 2, Terrón-Al-
fonso A 2, Soares AMVM 1
1 CESAM & Departamento de Biologia, Universidade
de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-
193 Aveiro, Portugal. Email rodrigues.s@ua.pt
2 Departamento de Biodiversidad y Gestión Ambien-
tal, Área Botánica, Facultad de Biología y Ciencias
Ambientales, Universidad de León, Campus Vegazana
S/N, 24071, Léon, Spain.
* Currently at: CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Bio-
diversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do
Porto Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-601 Vairão,
Portugal & InBIO, Rede de Investigação em Biodiver-
sidade e Biologia Evolutiva, Laboratório Associado
The effects of a pulp mill’s emissions on the lichen
diversity of a coastal pine forest located at Figueira
da Foz (Portugal) were evaluated. Lichen diversity and
bark pH were studied at four sites at increasing dis-
tances from the pulp mill: 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000
m. Data regarding the accumulation of 28 elements on
lichen transplants (Flavoparmelia caperata) exposed
in the same sites during 180 days were obtained in
another experiment (Rodrigues 2012).
Lichen diversity, evaluated through the calculation of
Lichen Diversity Values (LDVs), was substantially re-
duced at 500 m from the pulp mill, and this was the
only site where nitrophytic species occurred. A higher
accumulation of N was observed in lichen transplants
placed at this site, and bark pHs of pine trees were sig-
nifi cantly higher at 500 m from the mill. These results,
and the report of the emissions of the mill, substan-
tiate that ammonia deposition was a key factor affec-
ting lichen diversity. Moreover, bark pH signifi cantly
and negatively correlated with the frequencies of the
acidophytes Chrysothrix candelaris, C. fl avovirens,
Lecanora strobilina, and Pyrrhospora quernea, while
positively with the ones of Parmotrema hypoleucinum
(an acidophyte) and Physcia adescendens (a nitrophy-
te).
At each site, elemental accumulation was not signi-
fi cantly correlated with LDVs, species frequencies,
and bark pH. Despite that, bark pH increased with in-
creasing concentrations of Ba, Cu, Hg, Mn, Mo, N, P,
S, and Sb in lichen transplants. Although LDVs were
not correlated with elemental accumulation on lichen
transplants, the indicator species approach allowed to
identify N, particularly in the form of ammonia, as a
major factor affecting lichen diversity lichen diversity,
alongside bark pH.
Rodrigues SA (2012) Lichen biodiversity and biomoni-
toring of atmospheric pollution. Departamento de Bio-
logia. Universidade de Aveiro. Aveiro, Portugal. PhD
thesis. 185pp.
BEM.P14. Airborne basidiospores of Co-
prinus and Agrocybe types and their in-
Monroy Colín A.1, Fernández Rodríguez S2, Maya Man-
zano JM1, Silva Palacios I3, Gonzalo Garijo A4, Tormo
Molina R1, Barrigón Morillas JM2
1 Facultad de Ciencias. Universidad de Extremadura.
Badajoz (Spain)
2 Escuela Politécnica. Universidad de Extremadura.
Cáceres (Spain)
3 Escuela de Ingenierías Agrarias. Universidad de Ex-
tremadura. Badajoz (Spain)
4 Alergia. Hosptial Infanta Cristina. Badajoz (Spain)
Introduction. Airborne basidiospores are frequent in the
air in spring; Coprinus and Agrocybe type are present in
the air along the year. Coprinus type include the species
from this genus characterized by the deep black color
and Agrocybe type include species from diverse genus
of Basidiomycetes with light to brown color, both ellip-
tical to pyriform with prominent germ pore [1]. Aims of
this work pretend to show daily and hourly pattern of
these spores in the air in spring (21/3-21/6) and analyses
weather parameters that may affect their distribution.
Material and Methods. Air was monitored with a Hirst
type volumetric spore trap located on the terrace of a
three fl oor building at the University of Extremadura in
Cáceres (SW Spain) in 2014. Meteorological parameters
were supplied by the Davis Vantage Pro2 Weather Sta-
tion. Daily and hourly data of spores per cubic meters
were used. Spearman correlation was used and hourly
data were UTC.
Results. The average concentration for the period stu-
died was 14.5 spores/m3 for Coprinus and 2.2 spores/m3
for Agrocybe. Peaks of concentration were reached with
only one day of difference, 83.7 spores/m3 for Coprinus
(10/4) and 11.7 spores/m3 for Agrocybe (11/4). Total rain
reached 163 mm in 17 days and was clearly distributed
in three periods of 89.8, 70.1 and 2.6 mm, the fi rst pe-
riod with the highest wind speed. Statistically signifi -
cant correlation was obtained using daily data between
Coprinus with wind speed (negative) and direction, and
between relative humidity with Agrocybe. Hourly pattern
of airborne spore distribution showed for Coprinus maxi-
mum concentration at 4:00 and minimum at 18:00-19:00
and for Agrocybe maximum concentration at 4:00 and
minimum at 13:00.
Conclusions. In spring, airborne basidiospores of Copri-
nus appear mainly after rain and wind speed reduce their
concentration, and airborne basidiospores of Agrocybe
appear even within rain days and with high relative humi-
dity. Both basidiospores types reach their hourly maxi-
mum concentration some hours before dawn.
References
[1] Hernández-Trejo F, Muñoz-Rodríguez AF, Tormo-Mo-
lina R, Silva-Palacios I (2013) Airborne spores of Basi-
diomycetes in Mérida (SW Spain). Ann Agric Environ Med
20(4):657-663.
111
BEM.P15. Bryophytes as bio-sensors: co-
opting traits to measure habitat distur-
bance
Stow S 1,2, Brummitt N 1, Pressel S 1, Roberts DL 2, Sér-
gio C 3
1 The Natural History Museum, Life Sciences De-
partment, Plants Division, Cromwell Road, London
SW7 5BD, UK.
2 The Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology,
School of Anthropology and Conservation, Marlowe
Building, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2
7NR, UK.
3 Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência/
CE3C-Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmen-
tal Changes. Rua da Escola Politécnica, 58, 1250-102
Lisboa, Portugal.
Trait matrices are an important tool in plant ecology,
used to investigate the relationship between a suite
of traits and environmental variables, but have rarely
been applied to bryophytes. From a conservation
perspective, knowing which traits make species more
susceptible to threats (e.g. habitat fragmentation, cli-
mate change) allows practitioners to put in place di-
rected and effective protection measures.
Bryophytes (mosses, liverworts and hornworts) are
major contributors to the functioning and biodiversity
of many terrestrial ecosystems and are known to res-
pond rapidly to changes in their habitat. Desiccation
tolerance is a mechanism that allows bryophytes to
survive periods of drought or low water availability.
This tolerance, however, varies considerably between
species ranging from desiccation-sensitive to highly
desiccation-tolerant. These different tolerance levels
allow us to determine which bryophyte species oc-
cupy which type of habitat and subsequently can be
used as a measure of forest degradation.
In this study, a matrix was created to fi nd bryophyte
species with similar levels of desiccation-tolerance
and thus exhibiting similar responses to changing mi-
croclimatic variables, namely: insolation and relative
humidity. These two variables are among the fi rst to
change when canopy cover is removed. Data on 20
traits for epiphytic species from two study areas (Por-
tugal and Madagascar) was compiled from the bryo-
phyte ecological literature, herbarium specimens or
interpolated from existing data. In addition, informa-
tion on the species geographic range, biogeographic
element, habitat and Red List status (where available)
was included. Each species was assigned to a preli-
minary desiccation tolerance category based on the
traits exhibited – therefore linked to their morpholo-
gical traits. Traits were then correlated with environ-
mental data to identify patterns and relationships in
species’ desiccation tolerance levels.
Several traits were correlated with environmental va-
riables showing that morphological traits can be used
to predict the level of desiccation tolerance in bryo-
phytes. This matrix represents a step-forward in the
study of physiology of bryophytes, particularly tropi-
cal ones for which few data or information exists. Next
steps include conducting analyses on species distri-
butions and desiccation tolerance to create predicti-
ve maps of habitat quality, which will then be ground-
truthed through fi eldwork.
BEM.P16. Evaluation of the ecological
quality of the river water’s using diatom
(Bacillaryophyta) and relation with the
land uses.
Dios Rivera V.H.1, Cambra Sanchez J.1 , Flor Arnau N.1,
Burfeid Castellanos A. M.1, Llopis Perez J.2, Durán La-
laguna C.3
1 Universidad de Barcelona, Dept. Biología vegetal,
unidad de Botánica, av. Diagonal 643, Barcelona,
Spain
2 Universidad de Barcelona, Dept. Bioestadistica, av.
Diagonal 643, Barcelona, Spain
3 Confederación Hidrográfi ca del Ebro, Paseo Sagasta,
24-26 Zaragoza, Spain
Diatoms are one of the richest algal phyla ever des-
cribed and they represent one of the main sources of
information about water quality, being used as bioindi-
cators all over the world. Because of this, many tools
have been created, like diatom quality indexes, which
give us the capability to evaluate the environmental
status of aquatic systems in a precise way.
Our research has been performed from 34 sampling
points which were distributed over several tributa-
ries of the Ebro river (Segre, Noguera Ribagorçana,
Noguera Pallaresa, and minor ones) in the Catalan
territory. The main objective this study is to fi nd any
existing connection among the different land uses su-
rrounding the sampling points of the water quality net-
work of the Confederación Hidrografi ca del Ebro, and
the diatom indexes calculated of these sites. The land
uses were typifi ed by CORINE Land Cover classifi ca-
tion system and the calculations of indexes (IPS, IBD,
CEE and SLA) have been made with different species
inventories extracted from every studied site, using
diatom indexes. The results have been analyzed by
statistical calculation tools. Although, the infl uence of
4 different physicochemical data (BOD, COD, Nitrate,
Phosphate), have been checked.
Considering the little preceding information available
in this fi eld, the results have been analyzed with cova-
riance methods as ANOVA and multivariable analysis,
which have demonstrated the truthfulness of nearly all
the proposed hypotheses, as the signifi cance among
IBD or CEE with the land uses. These data have been
explained and discussed in detail, to give away for
proper conclusions.
112 SEB.P1. On the brink of the Atlantic: the
reckoning of a vulnerable bryophyte
(Dendrocryphaea lamyana) through co-
llections, time and Europe.
Vieira C1, Portela P1, Charissou I2, Leblond S, Lara F4,
Bosanquet S5, Holyoak D6, Luoma S7
1 CIBIO - Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e
Recursos Genéticos & InBIO - Rede de Investigação
em Biodiversidade e Biologia Evolutiva, Laboratório
Associado
2 Biard, Voutezac, France
3 Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle - Service du Pa-
trimoine Naturel – PARIS
4 Departamento de Biología (Botánica), Facultad de
Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus
de Cantoblanco, C/ Darwin 2, E-28049 Madrid, Spain.
5 Natural Resources Wales, Plas Gwendraeth, Heol
Parc Mawr, Cross Hands Industrial Estate, Llanelli,
Wales.
6 Quinta da Cachopa, Barcoila, 6100-014 Cabecudo,
Portugal.
7 Geological Survey of Finland.P.O. Box96, FI-02151,
Espoo, Finland ; Email: samrit.luoma@gtk.fi
The west-European bryophyte Dendrocryphaea lamyana
(Mont.) P.Rao is a threatened taxon at the European le-
vel. Listed as Vulnerable on the Welsh Red-list and Near-
Threatened in Great Britain, it receives special protec-
tion in several countries. Locally distributed in west and
south Europe (south Britain, France, Portugal, Spain and
Italy), and most likely erroneously cited in Switzerland
and North Africa, it has been considered either as a eu-
atlantic, atlantic, subatlantic, oceanic-submediterranean-
montane or a southern-atlantic temperate species. These
classifi cations have in common the distribution trends of
this species towards the Atlantic Ocean territories.
Through time, bryologists and collectors have described
this taxon as requiring very restricted fl uvial ecological
conditions, which translated into an equally restricted
distribution. As more data is comprehensively gathered
and chronologically classifi ed, we observed the enlarge-
ment of its bioclimatic and hydrologeologic niche defi ni-
tion, and consequently, open the discussion of its, so far,
vulnerable status.
In the present work we identifi ed and gathered all the
available information on this species and explored the
most important parameters that allow the detailed des-
cription of species macro-and meso-ecology. Point occu-
rrences from range wide herbarium specimens and fi eld
observations for the known species range were compiled
to start exploring the European suitability area for this
species and to establish its overall distribution. Further-
more, we aim to superimpose the species occurrence
with macroclimatic and hydrologic variables to better un-
derstand species ecology.
By gathering all the available information on this taxon
we hope to identify probable sampling gaps of this spe-
cies in Europe and to obtain a present potential distri-
bution range of the species at the European level that
could guide future fi eld surveys. Additionally, we aim to
discuss and propose an updated conservation status in
Europe considering the results of this work and the pre-
sent integrity of European fl uvial scenarios.
SEB.P2. A shy glance to Parmelina carpo-
rrhizans photobiont
Alors D. 1, Divakar P.K. 1, Crespo A. 1,
1 Facultad de Farmacia de la Universidad Compluten-
se, Plaza Ramón y Cajal sn CP: 28040 Madrid
Introduction: Parmelina is a small genus of Ascomycota
belonging to the family Parmeliaceae. Parmelina carpo-
rrhizans is obligate sexually reproducing specie which
needs re-lichenize every generation after spore germina-
tion. The knowledge on Parmelina photobiont is scarce,
it was identifi ed as Trebouxia impressa (Friedl et al 1999).
Recently the genus Parmelina has shown to have the hig-
hest photobiont specifi city among the Parmeliaceae ge-
nera studied (Leavitt et al submitted).
Material and Methods: We sequenced ITS of fungal and
algal symbiont from 181 collections of Parmelina carpo-
rrhizans from 10 localities of Canary Islands, North-Afri-
ca, Iberian peninsula and Sicily.
To compare the variability of both symbionts the haplo-
type networks analyses with PopArt 1.7 were performed.
Phylogenetic analyses were made just with algal sequen-
ces, and Trebouxia gelatinosa was used as outgroup.
Due to taxonomical diffi culties to delimit Trebouxia spe-
cies we used Automated Barcode Gap Discovery (Pui-
llandre N. Et al 2011).
Results: We obtain two DNA matrix, the fungal dataset
had 181 sequences and 6 parsimony informative sites,
and the algal matrix had 155 sequences and 23 parsimony
informative sites. We found genetic structure in the pho-
tobiont including 4 clades well supported by bootstrap
and posterior probability in the phylogenetic analyses.
The OTUs delimitation analyses found 2 OTUs (ABGD).
Discussion:The photobiont showed much higher genetic
variability than mycobiont in Parmelina carporrhizans.
The haplotype dominant in Tenerife is the less related to
the rest of haplotypes (being separated by the rest by
8 mutations) and was identifi ed as a different OTU by
ABGD.
Our results are in accordance to previous studies in pho-
tobiont specifi city of Parmelina genus being associated
with just two putative Trebouxia species (Leavitt et al
submited). The photobiont distribution pattern showed
in P. carporrhizans is coincident with those reported in
Ramalina farinacea (del Campo et al 2010).
Fundings
This work was supported by Ministerio de Ciencia e Inno-
vación (CGL2013-4298-P).
113
SEB.P3. Ontogenia comparada del espo-
Alfayate C1, Suárez E2
1 Dpto. Bioquímica, Microbiología, Biología Celular y
Genética. Sección Biología, Facultad de Ciencias. Uni-
versidad de La Laguna (ULL). 38206 La Laguna, Tene-
rife. Islas Canarias. España
2 Dpto. Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal. Sec-
ción Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Uni-
versidad de La Laguna (ULL). 38071 La Laguna, Tene-
rife. Islas Canarias. España.
Antecedentes: La adquisición de estomas funcionales
es un paso signifi cativo en la evolución del esporófi to.
Los estomas y la seta se interpretan como estructuras
funcionales, al servicio del pie, para transferir nutrien-
tes desde el gametófi to que permitan la esporogéne-
sis y la madurez de la cápsula.
Métodos: En este trabajo se estudia la anatomía de los
estomas en distintas fases del desarrollo del esporó-
fi to (pie, seta y cápsula), en dos musgos pleurocárpi-
cos canarios, Leucodon canariensis (Brid.) Schwägr
y Criptoleptodon longisetus Mont., usando microsco-
pía óptica y electrónica.
Resultados: Se describe el tipo morfológico, el ta-
maño, la orientación, el número y la localización de
estomas por cápsula. En algunos casos se observan
estomas anormales, encriptados en surcos y en dis-
tribución cluster, con materiales céreos depositados
en los poros. Se discute su relación con las condicio-
nes medioambientales. En todas las fases estudiadas
de la ontogenia capsular la conducción en la seta se
realiza a través de hidroides. La placenta tiene células
de transferencia con paredes laberínticas en las dos
fases en contacto.
Conclusiones: Del estudio comparado de la ontogenia
del esporófi to y de la morfología de los estomas se
desprende que estos tienen un papel muy signifi ca-
tivo en la desecación y dehiscencia de las cápsulas.
neros Lemanea y Paralemanea (Batra-
chospermales, Rhodophyta).
Sánchez Castillo, P 1, Chapuís, I. S 1, Torres Montilla, S
1, Muñoz Linares, G2, Aboal, M. 3 y M. Vis4
1 Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias,
Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada.
2 Herbario de la Universidad de Granada, C/Rector Ló-
pez Argüeta s/n. 18003 Granada
3 Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Biología,
Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia
4 Environmental and Plant Biology, Porter Hall. Ohio
University, Athens OH 45701.
Las algas rojas de los géneros Lemanea y Paralema-
nea (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) constituyen
uno de los grupo más abundantes y conspicuos de
algas rojas continentales en la Península Ibérica. Sus
especies tienen una potencial capacidad aplicada
como bioindicadores de calidad de agua bajo distin-
tas aproximaciones (Harding&Whitton, 1981; Moreno
et al, 2006; Scheneider & Lindstrøm, 2011), escasa-
mente desarrolladas.
Hasta la actualidad se han citado en la Península Ibé-
rica diversas especies de ambos géneros (Chapuís et
al., 2013), si bien su caracterización resulta muy com-
pleja debido a la ausencia de adecuados caracteres
taxonómicos. El trabajo que se presenta forma parte
de una amplia colaboración entre diversos equipos de
Europa y del Norte de América.
Los primeros resultados de los análisis moleculares
llevados a cabo en el proyecto de Flora Ibérica de Al-
gas continentales (rbcL/COI) generan resultados de
difícil interpretación, construyendo clados formados
por poblaciones morfológicamente atribuibles a di-
ferentes morfoespecies. Para poder desarrollar una
taxonomía que permita una adecuada identifi cación
de las especies biológicas, nos proponemos ensayar
una batería de caracteres taxonómicos más fácilmen-
te cuantifi cables que los actuales. Uno de ellos el
tamaño y la morfología del carpogonio, de indudable
validez en géneros “próximos” como Batrachosper-
mum, Kumanoa, Sheathia, y otras algas rojas. Dada
la estructura pseudoparenquimática del talo, éstos
no son evidentes, de hecho nunca se han tenido en
cuenta en la taxonomía de sus especies. La caracteri-
zación a microscopía óptica y electrónica de las car-
posporas es otro carácter a tener en cuenta en esta
nueva aproximación taxonómica. Desde el punto de
vista ecológico se tendrá en cuenta la caracterización
físico-química del agua en la que habitan.
La metodología utilizada consiste en la realización de
cortes semifi nos y su posterior tinción y observación
a microscopía óptica. De esta forma tratamos de lo-
calizar estructuras estables que constituyan una al-
ternativa discriminante frente a los criterios tradicio-
nales utilizados en todos los textos clásicos, incluso
los más recientes (Kumano, 2002, Eloranta et al., 2011)
escasamente discriminantes como, por ejemplo, dis-
tribución de las papilas espermatangiales, desde re-
gular a irregular o tipo de ramifi cación, desde escasa
a abundante; ... entre ambas opciones generalmente
se desarrollan gran cantidad de casos intermedios de
muy difícil clasifi cación. Como prueba de esta ambi-
güedad basta citar que hay poblaciones que a lo lar-
go de la historia se han identifi cado como 5 especies
diferentes (Ganesan et al., 2015).
114 SEB.P6. The end of a generalist? Geogra-
phically structured host associations of
Amanita phalloides in Europe
Mesquita N1, Crisóstomo, JA1, Gonçalves SC1 and
Pringle A2
1 Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life
Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra,
Portugal
2 Departments of Botany and Bacteriology, University
of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
The deadly poisonous ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungus
Amanita phalloides is native to Europe, but has been
introduced to Australasia, Southern Africa, and South
and North America. The fungus does not seem to be
spreading from any of these points of introduction, ex-
cept along the west coast of North America where A.
phalloides is invasive. In California, the fungus is now
widespread and associates almost exclusively with
Quercus agrifolia, an endemic oak. In contrast, in the
east coast it is considered relatively rare and appears
most often in pine plantations. A current hypothesis
suggests that if an EM fungus is a generalist in its na-
tive range, it may shift to a diversity of novel hosts
in the introduced range and for this reason easily in-
vade. Although according to European fi eld guides A.
phalloides is a generalist, available data on host asso-
ciations of A. phalloides in North America is at odds
with the hypothesis of generalist mutualists’ fl exibility
in native and introduced ranges. We rigorously docu-
mented the host associations of A. phalloides in Euro-
pe, targeting Sweden, the United Kingdom and Portu-
gal. We sampled EM root tips from under A. phalloides
mushrooms, used a high-throughput diagnostic PCR
for identifying A. phalloides mycorrhizas and DNA se-
quencing of plant barcoding regions (ITS2, in some
cases also trnH and/or matK) to identify the host. Our
results show that A. phalloides is not a generalist and
rather exhibits geographically structured host speci-
fi city in Europe. We discuss the implications of our
results in the context of the invasion biology of A. pha-
lloides and to the concept of EM fungi specialization.
SEB.P7. Morphologic and molecular cha-
racterization of a endolithic microalgae
from McMurdo Dry Valleys (East Antarc-
tica) and some insights into possible mi-
crobial and photosynthetic eukaryote
interactions.
Martins T 1,2,3, Ramos V 1,2, Monteiro M 2, Brito  4,5, Ta-
magnini P 1,4,5, Vasconcelos V 1,2, Leão P 2 and Magal-
hães C 2
1 Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do
Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
2 Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental
Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Rua
dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
3 Biomedical Sciences Institute of Abel Salazar, Uni-
versity of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228,
4050-313 Porto, Portugal
4 i3S — Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saú-
de, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
5 IBMC — Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular,
Rua do Campo Alegre, University of Porto, 4150-180
Porto, Portugal
The McMurdo Dry Valleys constitute the largest ice
free region of Antarctica (c.a. 0.03% of the continent)
and one of the world’s most extreme deserts. Typica-
lly, cold desert soils from Dry Valleys have low levels
of carbon and nitrogen and are low in clay. Despite
the low temperatures, dry and poor soils and kataba-
tic winds, life exists. Milder microclimate conditions
of the subsurface soil ease the growth of microbial life
on such harsh environments. Soil acts as a refuge,
protecting life from intense solar radiation and desic-
cation. In fact, some microbes are able to take advan-
tage of those microenvironments, inhabiting the pore
spaces of soil - frequently in porous rocks such as
sandstones -, and constituting photosynthesis-based
endolithic communities. In addition to cyanobacteria
and microalgae (primary producers), other organisms
present in the consortium play important, complemen-
tary ecological functions that contribute to sustain life
in these environments. This kind of simple, micro-
ecosystems can also help us to better understand ni-
trogen–carbon cycle interactions.
In this study, a green microalga was isolated from an
endolithic sample collected in McMurdo Dry Valleys
(Victoria Land, East Antarctica) during the K020 expe-
dition, in January 2013. Remarkably, the non-axenic
eukaryotic isolate (LEGE Z-009) was originally isola-
ted using BG110, a culture medium without a source of
combined nitrogen. The strain was then characterized
by morphology- and molecular-based methods (e.g.
cell morphometry and ultrastructural characterization,
phylogenetic analyses of nuclear and chloroplast SSU
rRNA genes). Additionally to this culture-dependent
approach, 16S rRNA gene amplicons from genomic
DNAs extracted from various steps throughout the
algal isolation process were analyzed by next-genera-
tion sequencing (NGS). The analysis showed that the
endolithic community has drastically changed during
the non-axenic algal isolation. Most of the prokaryo-
tes now in co-culture with the alga belong to different
groups of known N2-fi xers. Finally, the eco-biological
interactions between organisms of this community
and the existence of mutualistic relationships bet-
ween the microalga and co-cultured bacteria was in-
vestigated by fl uorescence microscopy (staining of
DNA using DAPI), as well as by electron microscopy
(TEM and SEM).
115
TH.P1. Analysis of growth, fatty acid
composition, pigments and antioxidant
activity of Haematococcus pluvialis Flo-
tow ACOI 3380
Martins 1, C.B., Varejão 2, J.M.T.B., Santos 1, L.M.A.
1Coimbra Collection of Algae (ACOI), Department of
Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456, Coim-
bra, Portugal.
2 Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, ESAC, CERNAS,
Bencanta 3045-601, Coimbra, Portugal.
Microalgae can synthesize various substances and may
have commercial application in several areas such as aqua-
culture, human health, chemical and pharmaceutical indus-
tries, among others.
The present study focuses on the biotechnological potential
of Haematococcus pluvialis Flotow ACOI 3380, a strain from
the Algoteca de Coimbra (ACOI). Growth of motile cells and
cysts was analyzed, the fatty acid composition, main pig-
ments and the antioxidant value were determined.
After 29 and 26 days of growth, the biomass of motile cells
was 0.072g/L and the biomass of cysts was 0.278g/L. The
motile cells were grown under a light intensity of 5.68µmol
m-2 s-1, a photoperiod of 16h:8h light/dark and room tempe-
rature of 23°C. For development of cysts, the cultures were
submitted to identical conditions, changing the light inten-
sity to 43.24µmol m-2 s-1 and bubbling air. The most abun-
dant fatty acids found in the motile cells and cysts were
stearic acid (0.088mg fatty acid/g wet biomass) and palmitic
acid (0.169mg fatty acid/g wet biomass and 1.097mg fatty
acid/g wet biomass), respectively. The pigments identifi ed
in the cysts were β-carotene, astaxanthin and chlorophyll
a, β-carotene being the most abundant. The antioxidant ac-
tivity evaluated by the ABTS assay showed higher activity
in the motile cells than the cysts, with a value of 6.59mg/L
equivalent to ascorbic acid, comparable to that of carrot
extracts (5.98 mg/L equivalent to ascorbic acid). The as-
sessment made by a second method, the DPPH assay, was
only possible in motile cells and confi rmed the antioxidant
value measured by ABTS.
The present work shows that this strain of H. pluvialis has
some potential linked to the area of healthy nutrition, due
to its fatty acid profi le and, consequently, in the improve-
ment of human health. In addition, its antioxidant activity,
possibly due to the carotenoids identifi ed in the cells, also
indicates some potential of this strain to be cultivated for
the production of β-carotene and astaxanthin, pigments with
known applications in the food, chemical and pharmaceuti-
cal industries, among others. However, before any attempts
are made for commercial purposes of this strain, detailed
studies should be carried out to optimize growth and pro-
duction of the compounds, since its growth is very slow.
TH.P2. Bioactive compounds from Por-
phyridium purpureum (Bory de Saint-
Vincent) K.M. Drew & R. Ross and Chry-
sotila lamellosa P.L. Anand
Mariana F. G. Assunção1*, Jorge M.T.B. Varejão2, Lília
M. A. Santos1
1Coimbra Collection of Algae (ACOI), Department
of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456,
Coimbra, Portugal. 2Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra,
ESAC, CERNAS, Bencanta 3045-601, Coimbra, Portu-
gal.
The interest in microalgae as a source of novel compounds
has increased in recent years due to the diversity of meta-
bolites produced, in particular lipids, polysaccharides, pig-
ments, proteins, enzymes and toxins.
In this work two microalgae strains from the Coimbra Collec-
tion of Algae (ACOI), Porphyridium purpureum ACOI/SAG
1380 and Chrysotila lamellosa ACOI 339 were selected and
the following aspects analyzed: (1) growth over 15 days; (2)
combined fatty acids profi le and respective quantifi cation
done by gas chromatography; (3) polysaccharide production
and identifi cation of sugars using high performance liquid
chromatography; (4) the antioxidant potential measured by
the ABTS and DPPH spectrophotometric assays, and (5) the
value of the total biomass. For some strains of Porphyridium
purpureum the ability to synthesize compounds of interest,
mainly sulphated polysaccharides, phycoerythrin and fatty
acids ω3 and ω6 has been reported. For Chrysotila lamello-
sa to our knowledge no report is available.
Under a photoperiod of 16:8 hours light:dark, a light inten-
sity of 21.62μmol/m2/s, air bubbling and a room tempera-
ture of 23°C, after 15 days of growth the biomass obtained
of Porphyridium purpureum was 0.79g/L in reactors of 20L
and 0.50g/L in 250mL fl asks. In these conditions, it produces
polyunsaturated fatty acids ω3 e ω6, especially arachido-
nic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, in quantities of 2.7 and
0.6% of the total fatty acids. It also showed a production of
0.68g/L extracellular polysaccharides, consisting mainly of
arabinose, mannose and galactose. Additionally, an antio-
xidant activity of 9.98mg/L equivalent to ascorbic acid was
measured, a value higher than that of a carrot extract. Analy-
sis of the total biomass revealed high percentages of carbo-
hydrates and protein, 59.05% and 19.71%, respectively and
1.73% of lipids.
Under identical culture conditions, Chrysotila lamellosa
showed a biomass growth of 0.64g/L in 20L reactors and
0.40g/L in 250mL fl asks. This strain was also a producer of
polyunsaturated fatty acids ω3, particularly eicosapentae-
noic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, with ratios of 0.6 and
6.4% of total fatty acids, respectively. It showed a production
of 0.18g/L of polysaccharides, mainly consisting of xylose.
Its antioxidant capacity was equivalent to that of raspberry.
Analysis of the total biomass value identifi ed 41.17% of car-
bohydrates, 11.52% of protein and 2.68% of lipids.
In conclusion, this work indicates that both strains have an
interesting nutritional potential resulting from the respective
profi le of polyunsaturated fatty acids, the antioxidant activi-
ty displayed and the capacity for carbohydrate production.
116 Promote biodiversity data publishing and
usage: the role of data papers
Figueira R
Ribeira 9, 1300-142 Lisboa, Portugal, E-mail: rui.figueira@iict.pt
Data publishing is becoming a mainstream way of increasing the impact of the researchers’
work. For example, scientific papers published with the public deposition of raw data, receive an
higher number of citations. Furthermore, in some European countries it is being implemented
the European Commission recommendation for the open access publishing of scientific data
resulting from public funded projects. In Portugal, this requirement has become into force
since 2014. But, more importantly, the willingness for data publishing may arise from other
motivations, like attract the attention of specialists to our collection or database, ensure the
long-term preservation of data, to potentiate new science, fulfil the institutional mission of
public service, among others.
It is not sufficient, however, to make data available in a public repository. Data curators need
to ensure that the information in a dataset will be discovered by the users to whom it could be
valuable, data will be correctly used, not distorting the initial purpose or meaning, credits are
given to the use of data, and it is possible to track the use of such data in research.
Data papers are one of the best ways to achieve these goals. A data paper is a scientific publication
that, rather than testing an hypothesis and publishing conclusions, describes the dataset in terms
of its origin, methodology, spatial, taxonomic and temporal context (for biodiversity data), and
the quality assessment. Its structure is, in many ways, similar to a typical scientific article, but
can be considered a metadata document. Data papers are published in many different scholarly
journals, after a peer-reviewing process. Many editorial houses of scholar papers, including the
ones of the top rated journals, have embraced this scientific format, either by creating journals
dedicated to data papers, or including data papers as a type of manuscript acceptable for
submission.
The Global Biodiversity Information Facility has developed a full strategy to promote the
publishing of data papers by the GBIF publisher of data sets, with the aim of increasing
discoverability, credit attribution and track usage of data. This involves the development of
software tools related to data publishing to facilitate manuscript preparation, the inclusion of
persistent Document Object Identifiers to datasets, partnering with scholar editors, training and
other initiatives. In this presentation I will review this strategy, as well as latest developments for
biodiversity data publishers, in the context of open access policies, and options for publication,
as an account of data papers benefits for data curators of biological collections and biodiversity
databases.
EXTRAORDINARY CONFERERENCES
117
BioDiversity4All - a Portuguese citizen science
Patrícia Tiago
Portugal has a high biodiversity value with many endemics and most of the species
threatened at the European level. However, this biodiversity value remains largely
unknown to the Portuguese society although many different citizens carry out activities
connected to nature, having a unique knowledge on the biodiversity surrounding them.
The non-pro�it organization Associação Biodiversidade para Todos – BioDiversity4All
has, as its mission, to gather the cooperation of citizens in registering Portuguese
biodiversity, which crystallizes valuable information. We further believe that, by making
people involved and emotionally attached to biodiversity issues and activities, this will
increase their awareness to the importance of biodiversity conservation.
BioDiversity4All is an open database (fed by user observations) on Portugal’s biodiversity,
accessible to all, from scientists and conservationists to the general public and school
children allowing everyone to share their observations. As a result of citizen’s participation
it has over 200 thousand records of biodiversity (plants, animals and fungi) until now,
which is a great success, considering the country’s cultural constraints. All users can
add observations of species or habitats to the database. Specialists and automatic rules
validate these observations, especially the ones complemented with photos. The public
and stakeholder outreach of BioDiversity4All is large, for Portugal, given the over 2200
registered users, around 5000 Facebook fans, 50 stakeholders’ partners (companies, non-
pro�it, municipalities and schools) and wide expert panels. A speci�ic communication
approach has been developed to get a closer relation with the different groups of users.
EXTRAORDINARY CONFERERENCES
118
See you in the XXI SIMPOSIUM
