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Implementation of Mini-Manufacturing Automation Protocol for Personal Computers
Abstract
The Mini-Manufacturing Automation Protocol (Mini-MAP) has been implemented for IBM personal computers. The RS-232C serial communication port of a PC is chosen as the physical communication interface to make the protocol economical. This protocol supports low bit rate subnets of a large automated industry or the automation of some medium scale industries. All the mini-MAP functions required for the maintenance of a logical ring such as the ring initialisation, node addition to the ring, node deletion, recovering from faults and priority are implemented. A small network operating system is also provided so that the application programs can be written. A test LAN connecting five PC's running on this protocol is setup in the laboratory. This LAN is tested thoroughly and it is found to be working satisfactorily, performing all the functions properly.
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MAP, a communications protocol for factory automation proposed by General Motors [1], has been accepted by users throughout the world and is rapidly becoming a user standard. In fact, it is now a LAN standard for factory automation. MAP is intended to interconnect different devices, such as computers and programmable devices, made by different manufacturers, enabling them to exchange information. It is based on the OSI intercomputer com-munications protocol standard under development by the ISO. With progress and standardization, MAP is being investigated for application to process control fields other than factory automation [2]. The transmission response time of the network system and centralized management of data exchanged with various devices for distributed control are import-ant in the case of a real-time process control with programmable controllers, computers, and instruments connected to a LAN system. MAP/EPA and MINI MAP aim at reduced overhead in protocol processing and enhanced transmission response. If applied to real-time process control, a protocol based on point-to-point and request-response transactions limits throughput and transmission response. This paper describes an advanced MAP LAN system applied to real-time process control by adding a new data transmission control that performs multicasting communication voluntarily and periodically in the priority order of data to be exchanged.
The description is given of the Manufacturing Automation Protocol (MAP), a set of communication protocols based on a bus configuration, in which network stations are wired together with a common bus so all can receive all messages. Any station, when sending a message, designates in the address portion of that message where it should go. All other stations receive the transmitted message and examine its address field (a code for the particular station to which the message is being sent). If a station decodes its own address, it takes the appropriate action; otherwise it ignores the message. MAP development programs have evolved to the point of making products available for network implementation, and users should begin planning for MAP or inquiring about MAP products from computer and communications suppliers. The first plant-wide implementation of MAP at General Motors will take place in 1986 at five truck and bus plants and at a factory-of-the-future project in Saginaw, Michigan.
A description is given of the Manufacturing Automation Protocol (MAP), a set of communication protocols based on a bus configuration, in which network stations are wired together with a common bus so all can receive all messages. Any station, when sending a message, designates in the address portion of that message where it should go. All other stations receive the transmitted message and examine its address field (a code for the particular station to which the message is being sent). If a station decodes its own address, it takes the appropriate action; otherwise it ignores the message. MAP development programs have evolved to the point of making products available for network implementation, and users should begin planning for MAP or inquiring about MAP products from computer and communications suppliers. The first plant-wide implementation of MAP at General Motors will take place this year at five truck and bus plants and at a factory-of-the-future project in Saginaw, Michigan.
The requirements for computer communications in the context of discrete manufacturing, process control, computer aided design and plant-wide systems are described. Examples of data highways and communication standards for industrial automation, introduced a decade ago, are then given. Finally, the MAP/TOP protocols, which were developed over the last half of the decade, are described, including a summary of how other protocols relate to those of MAP/TOP.
The interplay of technology and market factors surrounding the
manufacturing automation protocol (MAP) is examined. A four-tier
hierarchical industrial communications model is presented and MAP is
positioned within it. Several events and decisions during the evolution
of MAP are identified as having had unusually far-reaching effects in
terms of the way MAP is being used. It is asserted that MAP will play a
key role in factory-wide networking, but nonstandard networks are still
widely used where standards fail to address special requirements of
performance or function. The effect that the development of real-time
versions of MAP-like networks will have on factory communications is
described. The central issue in such real-time networks is to provide
both the responsiveness required by the application and the services
required for wide connectivity among devices. The impetus to embrace MAP
is yielding network designs different from ones based solely on
technical considerations. Two case studies are presented to discuss the
technical, administrative, and economic factors surrounding early MAP
usage
Implementation of IEEE 802
- A Amit
- Namjoshi