![—Dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of skull and lateral view of mandible of an adult female Myotis yumanensis (OMNH [Sam Noble Museum] 15766) from 2.5 miles N, 1 mile E Kenton, Cimarron Co., Oklahoma, United States. Greatest length of skull is 13.95 mm. Used with permission of the photographer M. A. Mares.](https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Janet-Braun/publication/278403953/figure/fig2/AS:294340573319188@1447187669819/Dorsal-ventral-and-lateral-views-of-skull-and-lateral-view-of-mandible-of-an-adult_Q320.jpg)
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Myotis yumanensis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)
Abstract and Figures
Myotis yumanensis (Allen, 1864) is a vespertilionid bat commonly called the Yuma myotis. The species exhibits considerable geographic variation in coloration and size. It is 1 of about 100 species of Myotis worldwide and 1 of 17 species of Myotis in the United States. Although common throughout western North America generally at low elevations in desert or semidesert habitats, it is absent from the Great Basin. It is not of special conservation status, but protection of habitat especially along stream corridors is a concern.
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... The Yuma myotis bat (hereafter "Yuma bat"; Myotis yumanensis; Allen 1864) is one of 47 bat species endemic to North America. The Yuma bat is abundant and widely distributed, occurring as far north as British Columbia, Canada, south throughout most of the western United States, and as far south as Morelos, Mexico (Braun et al. 2015). Yuma bats are closely associated with riparian habitat for foraging (Duff and Morrell 2007) and utilize a variety of natural (Braun at el. 2015) and manmade (Evelyn et al. 2004) roost types (Fig. 1). ...
... Measurements of the size of the phased blocks is based on the size of the contigs generated by HiFiasm on HiC mode. We followed the quality metric nomenclature established by Rhie et al. (2021), with the genome quality code x.y.P.Q.C, where, x = log10[contig NG50]; y = log10[scaffold NG50]; P = log10 [phased block NG50]; Q = Phred base accuracy QV (quality value); C = % genome represented by the first 'n' scaffolds, following a karyotype of 2n = 44 (Braun et al 2015). Quality metrics for the notation were calculated on the assembly for haplotype 1. ...
... A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t * Assembly quality code x.y.P.Q.C derived notation, from (Rhie et al. 2021). x = log10[contig NG50]; y = log10[scaffold NG50]; P = log10 [phased block NG50]; Q = Phred base accuracy QV (Quality value); C = % genome represented by the first 'n' scaffolds, following a known karyotype for M. yumanensis of 2n=44 (Braun et al 2015). Quality code for all the assembly denoted by haplotype 1 assembly (mMyoYum1.0.hap1) ...
The Yuma myotis bat (Myotis yumanensis) is a small vespertilionid bat and one of 52 species of new world Myotis bats in the subgenus Pizonyx. While M. yumanensis populations currently appear relatively stable, it is one of twelve bat species known or suspected to be susceptible to white-nose syndrome, the fungal disease causing declines in bat populations across North America. Only two of these twelve species have genome resources available, which limits the ability of resource managers to use genomic techniques to track the responses of bat populations to white-nose syndrome generally. Here we present the first de novo genome assembly for Yuma myotis, generated as a part of the California Conservation Genomics Project (CCGP). The M. yumanensis genome was generated using a combination of PacBio HiFi long reads and Omni-C chromatin-proximity sequencing technology. This high-quality genome is one of the most complete bat assemblies available, with a contig N50 of 28.03 Mb, scaffold N50 of 99.14 Mb and BUSCO completeness score of 93.7%. The Yuma myotis genome provides a high quality resource that will aid in comparative genomic and evolutionary studies, as well as inform conservation management related to white-nose syndrome.
... Vespertilio yumanensis (H. Allen, 1864:58 Of six subspecies, one occurs in Los Angeles County (McLaughlin 1959;Hall 1981;Braun et al. 2015;Burgin et al. 2020b): Myotis yumanensis sociabilis. A second subspecies, Myotis yumanensis yumanensis, also may occur (see taxonomic note below). ...
... Taxonomic note: During the preparation of this manuscript, I reviewed the distribution maps provided by Hall (1981) and Braun et al. (2015) and compared the subspecies shown to occur in Los Angeles County with existing literature (H. Grinnell 1914;1918;Grinnell 1933;Miller and Kellogg 1955;Vaughan 1954;McLaughlin 1959). ...
... I found a discrepancy in the mapped ranges in subspecies for Los Angeles County. McLaughlin (1959) and Vaughan (1954) state the subspecies in Los Angeles County is sociabilis, whereas the distribution maps in Hall (1981) and Braun et al. (2015) showed saturatus and possibly yumanensis. The distributions of subspecies in the map provided in Hall (1981) do not match the marginal records provided for the subspecies saturatus, yumanensis, and sociabilis. ...
An annotated checklist of the terrestrial mammals of Los Angeles County was compiled, based on over 10,000 museum records spanning over 100 years of scientific research. Part 1 covered 42 species in the orders Didelphimorphia, Lagomorpha, and Rodentia. Part II provides an annotated list and abbreviated synonymies for 46 species of terrestrial mammals in the orders Eulipotyphla, Carnivora, Artiodactyla, and Chiroptera.
... (Hebert et al., 2003), indicating Cimex 1, 3, and 4, could be classed as novel species under this criterion. Genetic divergence of Cimex 2 compared with C. latippenis was 3.2%, but C. latippenis has not previously been recorded parasitizing M. yumanensis (Braun et al., 2015), which might also suggest Cimex 2 as a potential new cryptic species. ...
... Although previous studies report limited data on bat ectoparasites from North Western Mexico and South-Western USA (Bradshaw & Ross, 1961;Braun et al., 2015;Pérez et al., 2014;Usinger, 1966), they do not integrate morphological and molecular information. For many species, no reference sequence is available from voucher specimens, or there are errors in species identifications and incorrect annotation of reference sequences. ...
Parasites are integral parts of ecosystem function and important drivers of evolutionary processes. Characterizing ectoparasite diversity is fundamental to studies of host–parasite interactions, evolution, and conservation, and also for understanding emerging disease threats for some vector borne pathogens. With more than 1400 species, bats represent the second most speciose mammalian clade, but their ectoparasite fauna are poorly known for most species. We sequenced mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase C subunit I and nuclear 18S ribosomal gene fragments, and used Bayesian phylogenetic analyses to characterize ectoparasite taxon identity and diversity for 17 species of parasitized bats sampled along the Baja California peninsula and in Northwestern Mexico. The sequence data revealed multiple novel lineages of bat bugs (Cimicidae), flies (Nycteribiidae and Streblidae), and ticks (Argasidae). Within families, the new linages showed more than 10% sequence divergence, which is consistent with separation at least at the species level. Both families of bat flies showed host specificity, particularly on Myotis species. We also identified new records for the Baja peninsula of one tick (Carios kelleyi), and of five Streblid bat fly species. One Nycteribiid bat fly haplotype from Pallid bat (Antrozous pallidus) hosts was found throughout the peninsula, suggesting potential long distance co-dispersal with hosts. Different bat bug and tick communities were found in the north and south of the peninsula. This study is the first systematic survey of bat ectoparasites in the Baja California peninsula, revealing novel lineages that are highly genetically differentiated from other parts of North America. For some ectoparasite species, haplotype distributions may reflect patterns of bat migration. This work is a first step in characterizing ectoparasite diversity over the Baja California peninsula, and understanding how ecological and evolutionary interactions shape bat ectoparasite communities among host species in different parts of their ranges.
... Richardson was appointed as Chief Medical Officer at Melville Hospital, Chatham, from 1827 to 1838, and although there is no direct information, it is probable that he used this hospital as a base for studying all the specimens resulting from the Franklin expeditions and evidently continued to use them for further publications (Richardson 1836(Richardson , 1837Swainson and Richardson 1831). Richardson may have transferred this material to the Haslar Royal Naval Hospital, Gosport, Hampshire, UK, when he was appointed as Senior Physician Note: Morphological characters, forearm length, and greatest skull length of the three species of Myotis are taken from Allen (1928), LaVal (1970), Fenton and Barclay (1980), Jones and Manning (1989), Braun et al. (2015), and comparative material in NHM. The forearm measurement of NHMUK 1837.4.8.127 was taken from Miller and Allan (1928). ...
... The cranial measurements of NHMUK 1837.4.8.127 are derived from scans of the specimen as defined in the text and are comparable with the measurements in Miller and Allen (1928) unless indicated with an asterisk (*). Geographical ranges are taken from LaVal (1970), Fenton and Barclay (1980), Jones and Manning (1989), Simmons (2005), Olson et al. (2014), Braun et al. (2015), and Vonhof et al. (2015). there in 1838, perhaps with the intention of incorporating the specimens into the Haslar Hospital Museum. ...
The geographical itineraries of Thomas Drummond’s two separate expeditions to Canada (1825–1827) and the United States of America (1831–1835) are used to provide historical context for the specimens collected and their localities. The coordinates for these locations are estimated and their geographical positions mapped. The difficulties of resolving various problems with historical specimens are explored and several examples are provided, including the contentious origin and identification of a southeastern myotis, Myotis austroriparius (Rhoads, 1897) (NHMUK 1837.4.8.127). Information about type specimens is discussed and the geographical position of several type localities of rodents and a mustelid in the Rocky Mountains and a lagomorph in the USA are refined.
... The Yuma Myotis is known to be migratory, but its migratory patterns are generally unknown. Summer roosts generally include caves, mines, buildings, and bridges, but it is not known where bats roost during winter (Braun et al. 2015). Braun et al. (2015) predict that the species should occur in the western portion of the Texas Panhandle as documented by this record. ...
... Summer roosts generally include caves, mines, buildings, and bridges, but it is not known where bats roost during winter (Braun et al. 2015). Braun et al. (2015) predict that the species should occur in the western portion of the Texas Panhandle as documented by this record. ...
Herein, 62 county records are reported for 20 species of mammals from 57 Texas counties and include records from six different mammalian orders: Cingulata, Lagomorpha, Soricomor-pha, Chiroptera, Carnivora, and Rodentia. Although many of these records serve to fill gaps in expected distributions, others represent range extensions, as in Peromyscus gossypinus, Neotoma floridana, Myotis yumanensis, and Ursus americanus.
... Yuma myotis typically roost in buildings and are rarely found in natural roost sites such as caves, hollow trees, abandoned bird nests, in tree crevices and under bark (Braun et al. 2015). Yuma myotis has been reported to suffer physiological stress at temperatures near 41 o C (Licht and Leitner 1967 in Braun et al. 2015). ...
... Yuma myotis typically roost in buildings and are rarely found in natural roost sites such as caves, hollow trees, abandoned bird nests, in tree crevices and under bark (Braun et al. 2015). Yuma myotis has been reported to suffer physiological stress at temperatures near 41 o C (Licht and Leitner 1967 in Braun et al. 2015). Yuma myotis was detected using ARR-5 during both spring and fall sampling events but no temperature data were available for that ARR. ...
Bat inventory and habitat enhancement was carried out in the Buntzen, Alouette, and Lower Stave watersheds in the Lower Mainland of British Columbia, Canada, in 2011 with funding provided by the Bridge Coastal Restoration Project. The 2011 work included construction and installation of nine experimental single-chambered artificial rock bat roosts (ARRs) made from a mixture of concrete and fibre. Additional funding was obtained from the Fish and Wildlife Compensation Program in 2018 to follow up on the 2011 work. The objectives of the 2018 work were to investigate the condition of the nine ARRs, conduct any repairs necessary, assess their use by bats, investigate the thermal regime of the ARRs as compared to other types of previously documented natural and artificial roosts, and to provide recommendations for future bat box programs.
... Identification. This is a small bat with dark, dull pelage, large ears, and a total length of 84-99 mm (Braun et al. 2015). This species, like many bats of the genus Myotis, have echolocation pulses with high frequencies, and, particularly, this species has a minimum frequency of 50 Khz, although slight variations have been reported among individuals. ...
We report here the first record of a colony of the Brazilian Free-tailed Bat, Tadarida brasiliensis (I. Geof-froy, 1824), in a mine located in central Chihuahua, Mexico. This record represents the most central point of the distribution of the species in the state and is located in the Central Valleys biome. We highlight the importance of recognizing and preserving this mine as a refuge for the largest bat colony reported in the state of Chihuahua.
... Mating is typically in the fall and females give birth to one young. Although records for roosts are limited, the species has been found roosting in bridges, buildings, cliff crevices, caves, mines, abandoned swallow mud nests, and trees (Braun et al. 2015). Maternity colonies in the West form from mid-spring to mid-summer and may range in size from small groups up to several thousand individuals. ...
... In M. yumanensis the braincase rises at an abrupt angle from the rostrum, the mastoid breadth is smaller, and the calcaneum is not keeled. Dental formula of M. occultus is I 2/3, C 1/1, PM 3/3, M 3/3 = 38 (Ortega and Arita 2005;Medellín et al. 2008;Álvarez-Castañeda and Gónzalez-Ruiz 2015;Braun et al. 2015). ...
The bat, Myotis occultus (Vespertilionidae) is a rare and small-sized bat. The known distribution of M. occultus extends from the semi-arid areas of the southwestern United States down as far as the middle half of Mexico, not having beeing previously registered in the state of Guanajuato in Mexico. In August 2008 and February 2013, we collected bats using mist nets in the locality of Llanos de Santa Ana located within the municipality of Guanajuato, Gto., Mexico. We collected twelve specimens of M. occultus at the entrance of an abandoned mine in the municipality of Guanajuato, which represents the first documented record of the species in Guanajuato and confirms its presence for the state as predicted by potential distribution maps of the species. It is a small-sized bat, with few records in Mexico and, according to previous studies, its distribution is confirmed for the states of Chihuahua, Zacatecas, Mexico State, Mexico City, and now Guanajuato.
Using sequences from 2,615 ultraconserved element (UCE) loci and multiple methodologies we inferred phylogenies for the largest genetic data set of New World bats in the genus Myotis to date. The resulting phylogenetic trees were populated with short branch lengths and widespread conflict, hallmarks consistent with rapid adaptive radiations. The degree of conflict observed in Myotis has likely contributed to difficulties disentangling deeper evolutionary relationships. Unlike earlier phylogenies based on 1 to 2 gene sequences, this UCE data set places M. brandtii outside the New World clades. Introgression testing of a small subset of our samples revealed evidence of historical but not contemporary gene flow, suggesting that hybridization occurs less frequently in the Neotropics than the Nearctic. We identified several instances of cryptic lineages within described species as well as several instances of potential taxonomic oversplitting. Evidence from Central and South American localities suggests that diversity in those regions is not fully characterized. In light of the accumulated evidence of the evolutionary complexity in Myotis and our survey of the taxonomic implications from our phylogenies, it is apparent that the definition of species and regime of species delimitation need to be reevaluated for Myotis. This will require substantial collaboration and sample sharing between geneticists and taxonomists to build a system that is both robust and applicable in a genus as diverse as Myotis.
Between 10 June and 4 July 1979 we used mist nets, bat traps, and a hand net to sample populations of bats at 19 sites in the Similkameen and Okanagan valleys of British Columbia. A zero-crossing period meter, broadband microphone, and oscilloscope were used to monitor distribution and feeding behavior of bats by their echo-location calls. A total of 420 bats of 10 species was captured, including Myotis thysanodes (Fringed Bat) and Antrozous pallidus (Pallid Bat) previously known from few Canadian specimens. During the study all females we captured were either pregnant or lactating. Feeding behavior of, and habitat use by, some species is described. Over the Okanagan River several species of bats fed in close association with Common Nighthawks (Chordeiles minor).
Key Words: bats, Myotis lucifugus, Myotis yumanensis, Myotis evotlis, Myotis thysanodes, Myotis californicus, Myotis leibii, Myotis volans, Eptesicus fuscus, Antrozous pallidus, Plecotus townsendii, Lasiurus cinereus, parturition dates, feeding behavior, habitat use.
One species of parasitic bug (Hemiptera: Cimicidae), 3 species of fleas (Siphonaptera: Ischnopsyllidae), and 2 species of parasitic flies (Diptera: Nycteribiidae) were collected from 9 species of bats (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in southern interior and northeastern British Columbia, Canada. Female bats that return daily to maternity roosts were more frequently infested with both cimicids and ischnopsyllids than were male bats. Some differences in ectoparasite infestation can be attributed to differences in roosting behavior of the host. New national records for 2 parasite species, and 8 new host records are established for Canada.
