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Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
Kari Fasting • Trond Svela Sand
Gender and military issues
- A categorized research bibliography
THE NORWEGIAN DEFENCE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE
2Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
Editor Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse:
Anders McDonald Sookermany
Editorial Sta Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse:
Lene Røe
E-mail: -publikasjoner@nih.no
Publisher:
The Norwegian Defence University College
Norwegian School of Sport Sciences/Defence intitute
Oslo, 2010
Photo:
The Norwegian Defence Media Centre
www.impactlab.com
Design & Printing:
Beta Grask as
ISSN 1891-8751
3
Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
Gender and Military Issues
- A Categorized Research Bibliography
Kari Fasting
Trond Svela Sand
4Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
n ❘ Editor’s column MS 0110 n ❘
Moving Soldiers – Soldaten i bevegelse is a new institute series that aims to provide
an arena for interdisciplinary thinking and debate within the elds of interest of the
Norwegian School of Sport Sciences Defence Institute.
The content of the series will be based on the core performance areas of the
Institute which are: research, education and the communication of knowledge about
human bodily training and performance within a military context. As such, “Moving
Soldiers” is the military equivalent of the Norwegian School of Sport Sciences’ journal,
“Moving Bodies,” which is dedicated to the communication of knowledge about sport
and the bodily movement of humans.
The series is meant to be a forum that reects some of the activity going on
at, and in connection with, the Defence Institute. Thus, over time, “Moving Soldiers”
will present a variety of ongoing research and development projects, conference and
symposium presentations, seminar and workshop reports and invited contributions
from scholars and military personnel who have a connection to the Institute’s eld of
interest in dierent ways. As a result, “Moving Soldiers” will have both thematic issues
and editions that are somewhat more diverse in their content.
The research and development program at the Defence Institute covers nature
and social sciences as well as the humanities. Consequently, “Moving Soldiers” will
truly be an interdisciplinary series. Being situated within the university society, the
Institute conducts its professional activities in accordance with recognized scientic,
pedagogical and ethical principles. In compliance, “Moving Soldiers” (even though it
is not a “refereed journal” with an editorial board of reviewers) will seek to maintain a
qualitative standard that can be valued accordingly.
This rst edition of “Moving Soldiers” marks not only the beginning of this series,
but also the start of the Defence Institute’s venture into the eld of gender research
in a military context. For the Institute, this has become a natural step since much of
our research has dealt with the consequences of the military transformation that we
have witnessed in developed Western societies over the last couple of decades. The
transformation has been argued to resemble a shift from modernity with a focus on
universalism, structure, and objectivity, towards postmodernity with its emphasis
on constructivism, complexity and contextuality. In conjunction with this military
transformation, the Defence Institute has sought to nd out what implications this
would bring about when it comes to understanding how we dene military skill, what
it is to be militarily skilled and how we should acquire these skills.
Our ndings indicate that military skills are traditionally validated from a hard
science perspective where, for instance, the body is compared to a machine. Similarly,
being skilled is often seen as a soldier’s ability to follow specic orders, and that the skill
acquisition process is based on clear-cut instruction models. The [post]modernized
armed forces, however, seem to need soldiers who are able to take an initiative and act
5
Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
exibly and independently in complex situations marked by conict and chaos.
This requires soldiers who are mature and able to make critical judgments. This is
illustrated in NoAF’s Joint Operational Doctrine of 2007:
Today’s complex operations can never be fully covered by manuals and rules of
engagement. Our ability to fulll our tasks depends rather on individuals whose
judgment is well developed and mature.
Therefore, a desired consequence of the military transformation seems to be that
soldiers should be humanized and that the understanding of military skill will
subsequently become more complex. As such, soldiering skills can no longer be
viewed as a xed entity, but rather as something attached to the individual based on:
who he or she is, where they are, and in what circumstances they are performing their
task. This “evolution in military aairs” indicates that understanding military skills is no
longer a task for hard science alone, both the social sciences and humanities should
be able to provide new meaning to what is constituted as good soldiering skills.
Consequently, understanding the cultural dimension at large and dierent
aspects of the military culture in particular will be a great asset in developing
tomorrow’s soldiers and military units. The gender issue is a signicant concern in this
discourse, and should thus not be taken lightly.
In the Norwegian discourse it is still heard from time to time that we know very
little about gender issues, although there seems to be a great deal that has been
done in the area. This is evidenced by this bibliography. It is therefore assumed and
hoped that the bibliography will be of value to those who are seeking knowledge
but are not familiar with the work being done in the area. An additional use for the
bibliography is that it systematically categorizes the broad area of gender research in
a military context. In either case the bibliography should be of invaluable assistance
to academic and military researchers.
The aim of this edition of “Moving Soldiers” is therefore to give an extensive
interdisciplinary overview of studies on gender issues in a military context. The
bibliography presented covers more than 2,500 references of internationally reviewed
articles, reports, books and theses from both military and non-military institutions. The
references have been categorized into themes such as “Men & Masculinities,” “Sexual
Harassment & Abuse,” “Physical Ability,” etc. It is fair to say that it should represent an
essential tool for military leaders, scholars and politicians interested in gender issues
in a military context.
The Norwegian School of Sport Sciences Defence Institute wishes to express our
gratitude to both the “Gender-project” at the Norwegian Defence University College
and the Norwegian Defence Research Establishment for their nancial support in
making this bibliography possible.
Anders McDonald Sookermany
6Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
The purpose of this report is to give an overview of research related to gender issues
in the military. The Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Defence Institute plans to use
this as a basis for developing a research program about gender and military issues. It
is hoped that the bibliography can be of use to other scholars and students in the eld
of military and gender studies.
Five ‘military key words’ and 25 ‘gender key words’ were used in searching dierent
databases and the web pages of military and non-military institutions. The ‘military
key words’ were: Military, Armed Forces, Army, Air Force and Navy, and the ‘gender
key words’ were: Abuse, Body, Bullying, Discrimination, Diversity, Equality, Equity,
Female, Femininity, Gay, Gender, Harassment, Hazing, Homophobia, Homophobic,
Homosexual, Integration, Maltreatment, Masculinity, Neglect, Prostitution, Rape,
Sexuality, Tracking, and Women. In all searches these 5 ‘military key words’ were
combined with the 25 ‘gender key words’, which gave a total of 125 search terms.
In addition to these we combined each of the key words ‘peace building’ and
‘peacekeeping operations’ with ‘female’, ’gender’ and ‘women’ (a total of 6 searches).
The publications were categorized into the following main categories: Journal
Articles, Books, Reports etc., Ph.D Theses (non-military institutions) and Ph.D Theses &
Master Theses (military institutions).
The following data bases have been used in the search: Amazon.com, EBSCO
EBSCO Academic Search Premier, EBSCO Military & Government, ERIC, HighWire, ISI
Web of Science, OvidSP, ProQuest, PubMed, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Swetswise,
and WorldCat. The search was limited to ‘title’ plus ‘abstract’, and where it was possible
n ❘ Author’s summary n ❘
7
Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
Kari Fasting is a sport sociologist. She is a professor at the Department of Social
and Cultural Studies and Adjunct Professor at the Defence Institute, The Norwegian
School of Sport Sciences. Her research area is gender and sport and women and sport.
Kari Fasting was the rst rector at the Norwegian School of Sport Sciences and is past
president of The International Sociology of Sport Association (ISSA) and currently
president of WomenSport International (WSI).
Trond Svela Sand is a sport sociologist and work as a researcher at the Department of
Social and Cultural Studies and the Defence Institute at the Norwegian School of Sport
Sciences. He has worked on several projects related to gender issues and sport.
the search was rened to ‘peer reviewed’ journal articles. In addition the web pages of
many institutions and organizations, both military and non-military were searched.
A total of 2571 publications were found. The journal articles account for more
than half (52.2 %) of the publications, followed by reports (20.5 %). The fewest
publications are found in the main category ‘Ph.D & Master Theses (military)’ (4.8 %).
Military Medicine is the journal that has published the most articles (147), followed by
Armed Forces & Society (65).
A content analysis of all titles and abstracts revealed 39 themes. All publications
have been coded into one or two of these themes.
‘Gender and History’ was the largest theme found in this bibliography with 292
publications followed by ‘Gender, Sexual harassment and Abuse in a Military Context’
(189) and ‘Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) Issues’ (170).
The fewest references were found for the themes ‘Gender, Alcohol and Substance
use’ (9), and ‘Gender, Hazing and Bullying’ (13).
The ten themes that seem to be most under-researched counted for only 8.3
% of the 2576 references that were found. It was surprising that there seems to be
little research in the area of ‘Recruitment of Women’ (27). It is also surprising that there
seems to be so little knowledge about themes like ‘Gender, Race and Ethnicity’, ‘Gender,
Hazing and Bullying’, ‘Gender and Stress’ and ‘Gender and the Body’. It is concluded
that based on the existing political will to recruit more women into the Armed Forces,
research on ‘Recruitment of Women’ stands out as an area where it is very important to
develop more knowledge.
It is a hope that this bibliography will be of help to people interested in doing
research on gender issues in the military, and that it will inspire others to develop
bibliographies in this eld. It seems necessary that other bibliographies should cover
studies in other languages and should include research done in other cultures and
countries. The authors also wish that this bibliography can inspire researchers to
produce review articles about the knowledge that exists on the dierent themes,
which is a prerequisite for the development of new research questions and projects.
8Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
9
Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
Editor’s column ................................................................................................................................................... 4
Author’s summary .......................................................................................................................................... 6
Content ........................................................................................................................................................................... 9
1 Introduction to the Bibliography ................................................................................ 11
2 Bibliography on Gender and Military Issues .............................................. 27
Appendix 1 ........................................................................................................................................................ 199
Appendix 2 ........................................................................................................................................................ 203
Appendix 3 ........................................................................................................................................................ 204
n ❘ Content n ❘
Gender and Military Issues
- A Categorized Research Bibliography
10 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
11
Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
1n ❘ Introduction to the Bibliography n ❘
Introduction 12
• Gender 14
• Gender Perspective 15
Methodology 16
• Searching procedures 16
• Journal articles 16
• Books 17
• Reports etc. 17
• Ph.D Theses
(non-military institutions) 17
• Ph.D Theses and Master Theses
(military institutions) 17
• Analysis 18
• Limitations 19
Results 19
• Discussion 22
• Conclusions 24
12 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
Introduction
We need to attract more women to the defence sector. Women have the same rights
as men to all positions, both military and civilian, in our Armed Forces. Yet, our
organisation is still essentially male dominated. Only seven percent of our military
personnel, including those on contract, are women – and we want to increase this
number.1
This quote, from the former minister of defence Anne-Grete Strøm-Erichsen, illustrates
the position that the Norwegian Government has held during the last 25 years.
In spite of this governmental concern, the Norwegian military is still one of the
most male dominated sectors in the Norwegian society. Other areas of the society
are characterized by a broad female participation in public life. Compared to most
countries, the percentage of educated women who work outside the home and are
economically independent is very high in Norway.
Although women were given access to military posts in 1938, and in 1977 they
were given access to the school for ocers, it was in 1984 that voluntary conscription
was opened up for women.2 Women were formally integrated into the Norwegian
armed forces in 1985. This included operative and combat oriented posts. Beginning
in 2010 it has been decided to introduce military compulsory conscription also for
women. In comparison with other male dominated institutions the Norwegian armed
forces was the last sector to achieve formal gender equality. Women and men in the
Norwegian police force, for example, got the same equal rights in 1958.3
The armed forces have not been very successful in recruiting a greater number
of women to the military, and studies have also shown that women resigned from
the military to a larger extent than their male colleagues.4 In 2006 when the target
was 15% there were approximately 7 percent women in the armed forces. This
gure increased to 8.6 % in 2009. An overview from the NATO’s Committee on
1 Former minister of defence, Anne-Grete Strøm-Erichsen (2007) (http://www.regjeringen.no/en/dep/fd/
Selected-topics/Modernisation-of-the-Armed-Forces/Gender-equality.html?id=440403) Retrieved june
4, 2010
2 The principle of general compulsory military service has been embedded in the Norwegian Constitution
ever since 1814. Article 109, rst paragraph, of the Constitution states that, “As a general rule every citi-
zen of the State is equally bound to serve in the defense of the Country for a specic period, irrespective
of birth or fortune.” In practice, only the male half of the population has been called up and done their
civic duty.
3 Committe for a higher proportion of women in the Armed Forces (2007) Committe for a higher
proportion of women in the Armed Forces – report Oslo, Norway: the Norwegian Ministry of De-
fence [Utvalget for for høyere kvinneandel (2007) Utvalg for større kvinneandel i forsvaret - rapport.
Oslo: Forsvarsdepartementet]
4 Steder, F.B., Hellum, N. & Skutlaberg, K. (2009) Research on cohorts from conscription and onwards –
gender, leadership and recruitment in the Armed Forces, Oslo, Norway: Norwegian Defence Research
Establishment [Forskning på årskull fra sesjon og fremover – kjønn, ledelse og rekruttering i Forsvaret,
Oslo: Forsvarets forskningsinstitutt (FFI)]
13
Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
Gender Perspectives shows that Latvia has the highest (21.7 %) and Italy has the
lowest (3.4 %) representation of female military personnel in the NATO.5 In Norway it
took more than 20 years before the rst female ocer reached the position of general.6
Today women in the military account for only 2 % of the ag ocers, 6 % of the senior
ocers, 8.8 % of the junior ocers and 11.4 % of the non-commissioned ocers.7
The situation described above was one reason for the development of the
White Paper titled “Increased Recruitment of Women into the Armed Forces” that was
discussed in the Norwegian Parliament in 2007. One of the initiatives proposed in this
White Paper was to establish two research projects; one that should try to identify
measures for better recruitment and retention of women and men in the Norwegian
Armed Forces, and one that should study the culture in the military and the attitudes
towards and among women and men in the Armed Forces.8
In 2000, the UN Security Council adopted Resolution 1325 on women, peace
and security. It recognized the need for women to participate on equal terms with
men, at all levels and in all roles, to promote peace and security. Parallel with the work
on the Norwegian White Paper about how to increase the recruitment of women into
the Armed Forces four ministries in the Norwegian Government produced an action
plan for the implementation of Resolution 1325 in 2006. It states that:
Conict prevention, crisis management and post-conict reconstruction, as well as
the establishment of rights-based governance and implementation of humanitarian
and human rights norms are all elements of most peace operations today. Resolution
1325 deals with these elements from a gender perspective. War and conict aect
women, men, boys and girls in dierent ways. A gender perspective must be applied
in order to recognize the equal rights and human dignity of all people.9
The action plan further states that the proportion of women in the armed forces will
be increased. To further implement the action plan in the armed forces, the Norwegian
Defense University College was asked by the Government to establish a resource
centre for gender perspectives in military operations, which has been in operation
since 2010.
5 NATO Committee on Gender Perspectives. National Reports 2009. http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/
topics_50327.htm, retrieved June 4, 2010
6 Haaland, T.L. (2008) Invisible women and friendly war-ghters: Perceptions of gender and masculinities
in the Norwegian armed forces, NORMA, 3(2), pp. 168-179
7 NATO Committee on Gender Perspectives. National Report from Norway 2009. http://www.nato.int/cps/
en/natolive/topics_50327.htm, retrieved June 4, 2010
8 The Norwegian Ministry of Defence (2007) White Paper nr 36 (2006-2007) Increased recruitment of women
to the Armed Forces, Oslo, Norway: The Norwegian Ministry of Defence [Det Kongelige Forsvarsdeparte-
ment (2007) St.meld. nr. 36 (2006-2007) Økt rekruttering av kvinner til Forsvaret. Oslo: Det Kongelige
Forsvarsdepartement]
9 Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Aairs (2006) The Norwegian Government’s Action Plan for the Implementa-
tion of UN Security Council Resolution 1325 (2000) on Women, Peace and Security. Action Plan (2006). Oslo,
Norway: Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Aairs, p 3
14 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
The publisher of this bibliography is The Norwegian School of Sport Sciences,
Defence Institute, which is a department of the Norwegian Defence University College.
Its main focus is to develop and educate military personnel about exercise, training and
bodily movement with an interdisciplinary perspective. Focus on training methods
and dierent movement solutions are naturally central and aimed at all levels and
forms of activity in the military. The goal of the research at the institute is to increase
the scope and quality of studies that contributes to improving the skills underlying
the military's operational performance. Over the last few years both education and
research have focused more on themes related to the body, movement and energy.10
When we mention or study the body we cannot be gender blind. Consequently this
has led to a need for more knowledge about gender, the body and movement in
the military. That this has happened, at the same time that there is a strong political
and military will to recruit more women into the military and to implement a gender
perspective in the Armed Forces, stresses the importance of the development of new
research projects. But to start to develop new studies one needs to know what already
exists. This is the background for the development of this bibliography. The purpose of
this report is therefore to give an overview of research related to military and gender
issues. The Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Defence Institute, wants to use this as
a basis for developing a research program about gender and military issues. It is also
our hope that the bibliography can be of use to other scholars and students in the eld
of military and gender studies.
Gender
‘Gender’ has already been mentioned but may need some clarication. Since the
1970s sociologists have used the term ‘sex’ to refer to the anatomical and physiological
dierences that dene male and female bodies. ‘Gender,’ by contrast, concerns the
psychological, social and cultural dierences between males and females. Gender is
therefore linked to socially constructed notions of masculinity and femininity, which
boys and girls learn very early. Boys are, for example, often taught the importance of
appearing hard and dominant – whether they like it or not.
‘Gender’ refers to cultural meanings and connections associated with one’s
biological sex. It refers to what is appropriate behavior for women and men and
thereby to what is masculine and what is feminine. It diers within and between
cultures. Biology is always socially transformed, but culture is also always inuenced
by biology, and bodily dierences are constructed as gender signs.11
Connell (2002) writes that it is easy to recognize the gender order, but not to
understand it.12 Examples are that most science and technology are controlled by men
and most big institutions, including the military, are run by men. The ‘gender order’ in
most societies also leads to the fact that women and men have unequal respect, and
that women are often treated as marginal. Gender is not something we are, or have,
but rather something we produce and do. A very important aspect of gender is that
it is constantly created and re-created out of human interaction, out of social life--it
10 http://www.mil.no/idrett/start/ , retrieved June 5, 2010
11 Lorber, J. (1994) Paradoxes of Gender, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press
12 Connell, R.W. (2002) Gender, Cambridge, UK: Polity Press
15
Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
depends on everybody constantly ‘doing gender’. This means that being a man or a
woman is not a xed state. People construct themselves as masculine or feminine and
psychological research suggests that the great majority of us combine masculine and
feminine characteristics, in varying blends, rather than being all one or all the other.
During the last 20 years considerable research has shown that there are multiple
patterns of masculinities and femininities. But the dierent forms of masculinity are
not equally respected. Research nds that in any culture or institution there is a
particular pattern of masculinity which holds the dominant position, called ‘hegemonic
masculinity’. This form of masculinity which is most honored and most associated with
authority and power is often associated with the military--a combat soldier. Although
hegemonic masculinity is held up as an ideal form of masculinity, only a few men in
society can live up to it. Emphasized femininity, on the other hand, is characterized
by heterosexual attractiveness, compliance, nurturance and empathy. It is what many
people in Western society will associate with femininity. The role of a strong female
soldier doesn’t t very well with such an image.
Gender Perspective
To have a ‘gender perspective’ means that gender as a social construction is discussed
or taken into account in descriptions, explanations and interpretations of the world.
One can therefore say that a gender perspective refers to an attitude with which one
recognizes that sexual discrimination, stereotyped division of roles between men
and women, and prejudice have their origin in gender and that they are socially
constructed.
In both popular talks and in writings about gender, the term ‘gender’ often
is understood to be women. It is however important to focus on the fact that men
also have a ‘gender’. One can also do research on women or men only with a ‘gender
perspective’. Since the armed forces are dominated by men and masculinities it is
especially important to recognize that knowledge about men in the military with a
‘gender perspective’ may be very important in understanding the recruitment and
experiences of women in the military. It is interesting to note that The Committee
on Women in the NATO Forces (CWINF) recently (May 2009) changed its name
to The NATO Committee on Gender Perspectives (NCGP). It promotes gender
mainstreaming as a strategy for making women's as well as men's concerns and
experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and
evaluation of policies, programmes and military operations. The committee states
that mainstreaming a gender perspective is the process of assessing the implications
for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or
programmes, in all areas and at all levels.13 This is important as long as one also takes
into account the ‘gender order‘, and the ‘gendering‘ of the armed forces themselves,
which can and probably will change when the implications for both women and men
of any planned action are taken into account.
13 http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/topics_50327.htm, retrieved June 5, 2010
16 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
The main objective with the work of this bibliography has been to collect
publications which address the meaning of gender as a social construct (including the
‘gender perspective’ and the ‘gender order’), as described above. We are well aware
that probably most of the studies that we have found about gender may not have a
gender perspective and may merely look at dierences between men and women,
without discussing such results in a ‘gender’ or a ‘gender-mainstreaming‘ perspective.
Such studies can, however, still contain information that may be important for the
development of further studies with a ‘gender perspective’.
In his book on War and Gender Joshua Goldstein focuses on the fact that the
mainstream war studies are gender blind, and he writes that this is also carried over to
the foreign policy establishment. According to him the gender blinders also extend to
male postmodern international relations scholars.14 His book was published in 2001,
and we hope that this bibliography will indicate that some changes have taken place
over the last ten years.
Methodology
Searching procedures
The rst problem we faced in developing the bibliography was to choose the keywords
used for our search. Based on our knowledge the authors developed a list of keywords.
This list was extended after it had been discussed in the Gender Research Group at the
Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Defence Institute. It was then used as a starting
point for our search, but as the search developed so did the list, based on the references
that we had found. We ended with 5 ‘military keywords’ and 25 ‘gender key words’. The
‘military keywords’ were: Military, Armed Forces, Army, Air Force, Navy, and the ‘gender
key words’ were: Abuse, Body, Bullying, Discrimination, Diversity, Equality, Equity,
Female, Femininity, Gay, Gender, Harassment, Hazing, Homophobia, Homophobic,
Homosexual, Integration, Maltreatment, Masculinity, Neglect, Prostitution, Rape,
Sexuality, Tracking, and Women. In all searches these 5 ‘military key words’ were
combined with the 25 ‘gender key words’, which gave a total of 125 search terms.
In addition to these we combined each of the key words ‘peace building’ and
‘peacekeeping operations’ with ‘female‘, ‘gender’ and ‘women’ (a total of 6 searches).
Before we started our research we had agreed to present our ndings in the
following main categories: Journal articles, Books, Reports etc., Ph.D Theses (non-
military institutions) and Ph.D & Master Theses (military institutions). As will be shown
below dierent databases were searched for these categories, but the same key words,
as mentioned above, were always used.
Journal Articles
The following data bases have been used in the search for journal articles: EBSCO Academic
Search Premier, EBSCO Military & Government, ERIC, HighWire, ISI Web of Science,
OvidSP, ProQuest, PubMed, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Swetswise, and WorldCat.
14 Goldstein, J.S. (2001) War and Gender: How Gender Shapes the War System and Vice Versa, Cambridge, MA:
Cambridge University Press
17
Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
The search was limited to ‘title’ plus ‘abstract’, and where it was possible the
search was rened to ‘peer reviewed journal articles’. In cases where we found many
irrelevant references the search was rened to the ‘title’ only.
Books
The search for books was carried out on www.amazon.com and WorldCat. Through
Amazon the searches were limited to ‘keywords’, whereas the searches on WorldCat
were limited to ‘title’ due to many irrelevant references when the keywords search was
used.
Reports etc.
As a starting point the search was done on WorldCat. Based on relevant ndings we
then searched directly on the web pages of the relevant institutions. An overview over
these institutions is found in Appendix 1.
Ph.D Theses (non-military institutions)
Searches for nding Ph.D theses at non-military institutions have been done on
WorldCat. In this database the search can be limited to theses/dissertations only. It was
decided to also include theses equivalent to a Ph.D level in accordance with research
doctorate degree titles accepted by the US National Science Foundation (NSF), such as
for example EdD, DPA and DPH theses.15
Ph.D & Master Theses (military institutions)
In this search we thought it was important also to include theses on a master’s
level, since we found that only four relevant Ph.D theses were produced at military
institutions. In Appendix 2 is the list of the English speaking institutions that oer
military postgraduate education, which we have used as a starting point. It turned out
that only some of the libraries at these institutions oered an overview of graduation
theses. We have therefore only been able to analyze theses from the following
institutions:
- Naval Postgraduate School (Monterey, California)
- The Marine Corps University (Quantico, Virginia)
- Air University (Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama)
- Air Force Institute of Technology (Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio)
- U.S. Army Command and General Sta College (Fort Leavenworth, Kansas)
- U.S. Army War College (Carlisle, Pennsylvania)
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (Bethesda, Maryland)
- Canadian Forces College (North York, Ontario)
- Royal Military College of Canada (Kingston, Ontario)
15 http://www2.ed.gov/about/oces/list/ous/international/usnei/us/doctorate.doc, retrieved 05.05.10.
The same was applied to the main category: Ph.D & Master Theses (military institutions)
18 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
Analysis
Instead of categorizing our ndings based on the key words used in our search,
we have done a content analysis of the titles and abstracts that came out of our
search, by looking for themes. The analysis is based on the reading of the abstracts
when these have been available. This means that many references have been
categorized according to content, i.e. theme based on the title only. The list of themes
has developed during the process of analysis, as we read and re-read the titles and
abstracts. We also went back and forth in discussing the exact formulation of a
theme. The military personnel at the Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Defence
Institute, were of great help here. It has been important to use concepts and to nd
formulations which ensure that the readers get the correct association to the content
of each specic theme.
Particularly books, but also publications in the other main categories, will often
cover many of our themes. We have therefore, where it has been found relevant, also
placed the publication in one of our other categories.
Limitations
As all bibliographies, this one has many limitations. It is dicult to avoid that some
institutions and individuals may be upset because they don’t nd their own work
in our overview. We have however tried to describe as detailed as possible the
procedures that we have used, and can only present what we have found. We would
like to stress that it is a major weakness that due to the time and resources available
we have chosen to only present the publications found in English. This means that very
relevant publications in one of more of the Scandinavian languages have not been
included. The same can be said about publications from other non-English speaking
countries both inside and outside of NATO. Another limitation is that our search covers
the period from 1970 to 2010, which means that publications before 1970 will not be
found in our bibliography.
We believe that the overview of journal articles is relatively accurate, but
anticipate that with more time and resources it would have been possible to nd more
references, particularly for reports and theses. It should also be mentioned that the key-
words used for the research and the interpretation of the titles and texts are inuenced
by the authors’ own knowledge and interests. They both are gender specialists, but
with limited knowledge about the armed forces and military practices. We prefer to
believe that this lack of specic ‘military knowledge’ has not obscured the ndings. As
in all research where the prior understanding is important, other researchers may have
chosen to use other key words for their searches. They may however have found the
same references as we have, but their analyses could have led to other themes than
the ones we have found.
19
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Results
We have found a total of 2576 publications. In Table 1 these are categorized by the
types of sources that yielded the information we sought. The table shows that journal
articles account for more than half (52.2 %) of the publications followed by reports
(20.5 %). Fewest publications are found in the main category of ‘Ph.D & Master Theses
(military)’ (5.0 %).
Our analysis also revealed that, by far, most of the research on military and
gender issues has taken place in the USA. There are also several publications from UK,
Israel, Australia and Canada. Studies from many other countries are represented, but
with only a few publications each.
Table 1. Number of Publications in the Main Categories
The journal articles have been printed in both military and non-military journals,
of which most have fewer than ve articles. It seems however that some journals
dominate the eld. Not surprisingly these are military journals. In Table 2 we present
those journals that have published 10 articles or more related to gender issues in the
military. The table shows that Military Medicine is, by far, the journal that has published
the most articles (147), followed by Armed Forces & Society (65). It is also interesting to
note that some of the major journals in gender studies like, Gender Issues and Sex Roles
also publish articles about gender issues in the military.
Main category N %
Journal Articles 1342 52.2
Books 340 13.2
Reports, etc. 528 20.5
Ph.D Theses (non-military) 237 9.2
Ph.D & Master Theses (military) 124 4.8
Total 2571 100.0
20 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
Table 2. Journals with more than 10 Articles
Military Medicine 147
Armed Forces & Society 65
Minerva: Quarterly Report on Women and the Military 47
Military Psychology 38
Gender Issues 20
Violence Against Women 19
Sex Roles 18
Duke Journal of Gender Law & Policy 15
Journal of Homosexuality 12
Aviation Space and Environmental Medicine 11
Journal of Applied Psychology 11
NORMA 10
Men and Masculinities 10
The content analysis revealed 39 themes, and the publications have all been
coded into one or two of these themes. Table 3 gives an overview of these themes,
with the total number of references for each of them. The table shows that the number
of references varies from 291 publications (Gender and History) to 9 (Gender, Alcohol
and Substance Use). In Appendix 3 a table with the number of publications in each
theme separated for each main category is presented. It shows that among the journal
articles ‘Gender, Sexual Harassment and Abuse in a Military Context’ is the theme
which has the highest number of references (115). For the other categories of sources
the predominant themes of interest were: ‘Gender and History’ among the books
(118), ‘Gender and Peace Building’ among the reports (80), ‘Gender and History’ among
the non-military Ph.D Theses, and ‘Gender, Career and Deployment’ among the ‘Ph.D &
Master Theses (military)‘ (26)
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Table 3. Overview of the Prevalence of the Themes
Theme N
Attitudes towards Women in the Military 39
Biography and Autobiography 32
Gender and Family Issues 38
Gender and History 292
Gender and Injury 40
Gender and Leadership 44
Gender and Military Education 44
Gender and Peace Building 167
Gender and Sexual Risk Behavior 27
Gender and Sexual Violence as a Weapon of War 74
Gender and Spouse Abuse 53
Gender and Stress 23
Gender and the Body 21
Gender and Veterans 93
Gender and Violence 33
Gender Equality 80
Gender Identity and Gender Roles 99
Gender Integration 108
Gender Stereotypes 46
Gender, Alcohol and Substance Use 9
Gender, Career and Deployment 126
Gender, Child Abuse and Maltreatment in Military Communities 41
Gender, Childhood Victimization and Sexual Trauma among Military Personnel 19
Gender, Hazing and Bullying 13
Gender, Mental and Physical Health 80
Gender, Nutrition and eating Disorders 26
Gender, Operational and Organizational Eectiveness 45
Gender, Physical and Psychological Ability 64
Gender, Race and Ethnicity 23
Gender, Sexual Harassment and abuse in a Military Context 189
Gender, Tracking and Prostitution 25
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) Issues 170
Masculinities 46
Pregnancy and Child Care 52
Recruitment of Women 27
UN Resolution 1325 56
Women and Femininities 118
Women in Combat 61
Women’s Health Issues 28
Total 2571
22 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
Discussion
We would like to stress that there is much military research related to many of the
underlying themes that we have found, but that most of this research doesn’t focus on
gender or doesn’t have a gender perspective. Examples are: peace building, leadership,
race and ethnicity-- to mention a few. In interpreting our results it is important to
have in mind that we have tried to nd publications that focus on gender. It is also
important to remember that many of the themes are very broad, and our search was
based primarily on the titles of the works and when possible on the abstracts, so it has
been dicult to categorize them. As shown in the overview of our ndings, many have
also been placed under a second theme.
As shown in Table 3 ‘Gender and History’, with 291 publications, was the largest
theme found in this bibliography. ‘Gender and History’ is a very broad theme that
covers many of the other themes, but common for them was an historical perspective.
It is also the theme in which we, by far, found the most books (118).
Table 4 gives an overview of the ten largest themes. After ‘Gender and History’,
the next two themes are related to issues that are problematic for both men and
women in the military. The rst one is ‘Gender, Sexual Harassment and Abuse in a
Military Context’ (190), which refers to sexual harassment and abuse experienced
and/or carried out by military personnel. The third most common theme is ‘Lesbian,
Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) issues’ (172). This is a problematic issue for the
military in many countries but a non-issue in others. Most of the publications on both
of these themes come from journals.
Table 4. The Ten Most Revealed Themes
Theme Journal Books Reports, Ph.D Ph.D & N
Articles etc. (non- Master
military) (military)
Gender and History 112 119 5 50 6 292
Gender, Sexual
Harassment and Abuse
in a Military Context 115 11 44 13 6 189
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual
and Transgender (LGBT)
Issues 95 27 36 5 7 170
Gender and Peace
Building 58 24 90 5 0 167
Gender, Career and
Deployment 47 40 36 14 26 127
Women and Femininities 41 30 37 5 5 118
Gender Integration 38 5 46 6 13 108
Gender Identity and
Gender Roles 44 15 7 29 4 99
Gender and Veterans 80 3 2 8 0 93
Gender Equality 43 6 26 2 3 80
23
Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
In Table 5 we have ranked the themes which have the fewest publications.
We found only nine references for ‘Gender, Alcohol and Substance Use’, and only 13
references for ‘Gender, Hazing and Bullying’. For ‘Gender, Alcohol and Substance Use’,
there are two Ph.D theses and seven journal articles, and for ‘Gender, Hazing and
Bullying’ 15 of the 19 references are published in journal articles.
Table 5. The Ten Least Revealed Themes
Compared to the other themes that we found we can conclude that relatively
little research seems to have been done related to the ten themes listed in Table 5.
Altogether they count for only 8.3 % of the 2571 references that we have found. In
most countries the politicians want to base their future policies on research-based
knowledge. The problematic issues, in which we found many references (Table 4), can
indicate that research is initiated where one has a problem that needs to be solved.
But this does not explain why there is so little research on, for example, ‘Recruitment of
Women’ (Table 5). This is surprising when one looks at the low participation of women
in the Armed Forces in an international perspective. Particularly when we take into
account the political will that exists in many countries to recruit more women. It is also
surprising that there seems to be so little knowledge about themes such as: ‘Gender,
Race and Ethnicity’, ‘Gender, Hazing and Bullying’, ‘Gender and Stress’ and ‘Gender and
the Body’.
Theme Journal Books Reports, Ph.D Ph.D & N
articles etc. (non- Master
military) (military)
Gender and Sexual Risk
Behavior 26 0 0 1 0 27
Recruitment of Women 13 0 8 0 6 27
Gender, Nutrition and
Eating Disorders 18 0 5 2 1 26
Gender, Tracking and
Prostitution 18 3 0 4 0 25
Gender, Race and Ethnicity 15 0 0 5 3 23
Gender and Stress 16 0 7 0 0 23
Gender and the Body 16 2 2 1 0 21
Gender, Childhood
Victimization and Sexual
Trauma Among Military
Personnel 15 0 3 1 0 19
Gender, Hazing and Bullying 9 1 2 0 1 13
Gender, Alcohol and
Substance Use 7 0 0 2 0 9
24 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
Conclusions
In conclusion when we look at the number of references found, we believe that there
is a need for research in all the ten themes mentioned in Table 5, but based on the
political will to recruit more women into the Armed Forces, research on ‘Recruitment
of Women’ stands out as an area where it is very important to obtain more knowledge.
It is a hope that this bibliography will be of help to people interested in doing
research on gender issues in the military, and that it will inspire others to develop
bibliographies in this eld. It seems necessary that other bibliographies should cover
studies in other languages and should include research done in other cultures and
countries. The authors also wish that this bibliography can inspire researchers to
produce reviewed articles about the knowledge that exists on the dierent themes,
which is a prerequisite for the development of new research questions and projects.
25
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26 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
27
Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
Attitudes towards women in the military ........... 28
Biography and Autobiography .................................. 31
Gender and Family Issues ............................................. 33
Gender and History ........................................................... 35
Gender and Injury .............................................................. 56
Gender and Leadership .................................................. 59
Gender and Military Education .................................. 62
Gender and Peacebuilding .......................................... 65
Gender and Sexual Risk Behavior ............................. 74
Gender and Sexual Violence as a
Weapon of War .................................................................... 76
Gender and Spouse Abuse .......................................... 81
Gender and Stress .............................................................. 85
Gender and the Body ...................................................... 86
Gender and Veterans ....................................................... 88
Gender and Violence ........................................................ 96
Gender Equality ................................................................... 98
Gender Identity and Gender Roles ........................ 103
Gender Integration .......................................................... 109
Gender Stereotypes ........................................................ 116
Gender, Alcohol and Substance Use .................... 119
Gender, Career and Deployment ........................... 120
Gender, Child Abuse and Maltreatment in
Military Communities .................................................... 128
Gender, Childhood Victimization and Sexual
Trauma among Military Personnel ........................ 130
Gender, Hazing and Bullying ..................................... 132
Gender, Mental and Physical Health .................... 133
Gender, Nutrition and Eating Disorders ............. 138
Gender, Operational and Organizational
Eectiveness ........................................................................ 140
Gender, Physical and Psychological Ability ...... 143
Gender, Race and Ethnicity ........................................ 147
Gender, Sexual Harassment and Abuse in a
Military Context ................................................................. 149
Gender, Tracking and Prostitution ..................... 161
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender
(LGBT) Issues ........................................................................ 163
Masculinities ........................................................................ 173
Pregnancy and Child Care .......................................... 176
Recruitment of Women ................................................ 179
UN Resolution 1325 ........................................................ 181
Women and Femininities ............................................ 185
Women in Combat .......................................................... 191
Women’s Health Issues ................................................. 195
2n ❘ Bibliography on Gender and Military Issues1 n ❘
1 In the following publications are listed according to the themes previously identied. They are grouped
according to the various sources, such as reports, books, etc. Where we have coded a second theme
it is printed below the reference.
28 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
Attitudes towards Women in the Military
n ❘ Attitudes towards Women in the Military – Journal Articles
Adams, J.R & Lawrence, F.P. (1982) Constructing and validating variables to measure attitudes of
women entering the military craft skills, Sex Roles, 8(2), pp. 169-184
Clark, A., Costello, M.L. & Yearout, R. (2000) Managing change: students’ perceptions of the
assimilation of women at Virginia Military Institute, International Journal of Human Resources
Development and Management, 1(1), pp. 31-47
(Gender and military education)
Cohn, C. (2000) “How Can She Claim Equal Rights When She Doesn’t Have to Do as Many Push-
Ups as I Do?” The Framing of Men’s Opposition to Women’s Equality in the Military, Men and
Masculinities, 2(3), pp. 131-151
(Gender equality)
Dohkgoh, S. (2003) Attitudes toward female integration in the Korean military, Korean Journal of
Defence Analysis, 15(1), pp. 275-291
(Gender integration)
Drake, M.J. (2006) Ambivalence at the Academies: Attitudes toward Women in the Military at the
Federal Service Academies, Social Thought and Research, 27, pp. 43-68
(Gender and military education)
Firestone, J.M. (1987) Sex-appropriate roles: Comparing the attitudes of civilian and military
youth, Population Research and Policy Review, 6(3), pp. 275-296
(Gender stereotypes)
Herbert, M.S. (1994) Feminism, militarism, and attitudes toward the role of women in the
military, Gender Issues, 14(2), pp. 25-48
(Gender equality)
Hurrell, R.M. & Lukens, J.H. (1995) Dimensions of attitudes toward women in the military: Factor
analysis of the Women in the Military Scale, Psychological Reports, 76(3), pp. 1263-1266
Hurrell, R.M. & Lukens, J.H. (1994) Attitudes toward women in the military during the Persian
Gulf War, Perceptual and Motor Skills, 78(1), pp. 99-104
Hussain, A. & Ishaq, M. (2005) Public Attitudes Towards a Career in the British Armed Forces,
Defense & Security Analysis, 21(1), pp. 79-95
(Gender, career and deployment)
Iskra, D.M. (2007) Attitudes toward Expanding Roles for Navy Women at Sea: Results of a Content
Analysis, Armed Forces & Society, 33(2), pp. 203-223
(Gender equality)
Ivarsson, S., Estrada, A.X. & Berggren, A.W. (2005) Understanding Men’s Attitudes toward Women
in the Swedish Armed Forces, Military Psychology, 17(4), pp. 269-282
(Masculinities)
Kurpius, S.E.R. & Lucart, A.L. (2000) Military and civilian undergraduates: Attitudes toward
women, masculinity, and authoritarianism, Sex Roles, 43(3-4), pp. 255-265
(Masculinities)
29
Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
Larwood, L., Glasser, E. & McDonald, R. (1980) Attitudes of male and female cadets toward
military sex integration, Sex Roles, 6(3), pp. 381-390
(Gender integration)
Mariner, R.B. (1993) A Soldier is a Soldier, Joint Force Quarterly, (3), pp. 54-61
(Gender stereotypes)
Matthews, M.D., Ender, M.G., Laurence, J.H. & Rohall, D. (2009) Role of Group Aliation and
Gender on Attitudes Toward Women in the Military, Military Psychology,21(2), pp. 241-251
Savell, J.M., Woelfel, J.C., Collins, B.E. & Bentler, P.M. (1979) A study of male and female soldiers’
beliefs about the appropriateness of various jobs for women in the Army, Sex Roles, 5(1), pp. 41-50
(Gender stereotypes)
Segal, D.R., Kinzer, N.Z. &Woelfel, J.C. (1977) The concept of citizenship and attitudes toward
women in combat, Sex Roles, 3(5), pp. 469-477
(Women in combat)
Stiehm, J.H. (1998) Army opinions about women in the army, Gender Issues, 16(3), pp. 88-98
Vogt, D., Bruce, T.A., Street, A.E. & Staord, J. (2007) Attitudes Toward Women and Tolerance for
Sexual Harassment Among Reservists, Violence Against Women, 13(9), pp. 879-900
(Gender, sexual harassment and abuse in a military context)
n ❘ Attitudes towards Women in the Military – Books
Eulriet, I. (2010) Women in the Military: Public Rhetorics and Gendered Policies, New York, NY:
Palgrave Macmillian, 192pp
Attitudes towards Women in the Military – Reports, etc.
McGlohn, S., Callister, J.D., King, R.E. & Retzla, P.D. (1997) Female and Male Air Force Student
Pilots: Attitudes toward Mixed-Gender Squadrons, Career Issues, and Combat Flying, Armstrong Lab
Brooks AFB, TX: Aerospace Medicine Directorate, 15pp
(Gender, career and deployment)
Thomas, P.J. & Greebler, C.S. (1983) Men and Women in Ships: Attitudes of Crew After One to Two
Years of Integration, San Diego, CA: Navy Personnel Research and Development Center, 67pp
(Gender integration)
n ❘ Attitudes towards Women in the Military – Ph.D Theses (non-military)
Cnossen, C.L. (1994) Token or full member of the team?: an examination of the utilization and status
of women in combat arms positions in the armed forces of Canada, the United Kingdom and the
United States of America [Ph.D Thesis], Hull, UK: University of Hull
(Gender integration)
Disler, E.A. (2005) Talking in the Ranks: Gender and Military Discourse [Ph.D Thesis], Washington,
DC: Georgetown University, 283pp
(Gender equality)
Eulriet, I. (2005) Public rhetorics and sexual dierentiation: an analysis of the disputes over women’s
recruitment in the military in France, Germany and the United Kingdom [Ph.D Thesis], Bristol, UK:
University of Bristol
(Recruitment of women)
30 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
Feinman, I.R. (1997) Brutal responsibilities and second class citizens: women soldiers, martial
citizenship, and feminist antimilitarism [Ph.D Thesis], Santa Cruz, CA: University of California,
271pp
Fischer, K.D. (1997) The press and the framing of military gender and sexuality policies in Britain and
the United States [Ph.D Thesis], Essex, UK: University of Essex
(Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) issues)
Foley, M. (1981) Attitudes toward women as leaders in the military as related to selected factors
[Ph.D Thesis], Raleigh, NC: North Carolina State University, 189pp
(Gender and leadership)
Geib, E.A. (1970) The Amazon complex: ideological dominance and resistance in news media
representations of women in the military [Ph.D Thesis], Akron, OH: University of Akron, 147pp
Guns, N. (1985) Women on board: a longitudinal study of attitudes towards and opinions about
serving with women at sea in the Royal Netherlands Navy [Ph.D Thesis], Amsterdam, The
Netherlands: Vrije Universiteit te Amsterdam, 269pp
Hancock, C.R. (1991) Women ocers at the United States Military Academy: a study of acceptance
patterns and coping mechanisms [Ph.D Thesis], Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina,
297pp
(Gender and leadership)
Jordan, J.L (1987) Sex and race eects in peer ratings of US Army ROTC cadets [Ph.D Thesis], Iowa
City, IA: University of Iowa, 170pp
Neuberger, C.G. (1977) A comparative study of environmental expectations of female versus male
midshipmen entering the United States Naval Academy [Ed.D Thesis], Washington, DC: American
University, 148pp
(Gender and military education)
Wright, L. (1990) Attitudes toward women and its eect on selections for senior level management
positions at a military installation [Ed.D Thesis], Philadelphia, PA: Temple University, 82pp
(Gender and leadership)
n ❘ Attitudes towards Women in the Military – Ph.D & Master theses (non-military)
Carolus, D.A. (1978) A study of the attitudes of married Minuteman crewmembers and their wives
concerning female Minuteman crewmembers [Master Thesis], Wright-Patterson AFB, OH: US Air
Force Institute of Technology, 90pp
McKenzie, C.J. (1983) Attitudes of male Unrestricted Line (URL) ocers towards integration of
women into their designators and towards women in combat [Master Thesis], Monterey, CA: US
Naval Postgraduate School, 83pp
Porter, L.M. (2001) Women in combat: attitudes and experiences of US Military Ocers and Enlisted
personnel [Master Thesis], Monterey, CA: US Naval Postgraduate School, 143pp
(Women in combat)
Spencer, D.E. (1978) Toward the Army of the 1980s: a study of male attitudes toward women as
combatants [Master Thesis], Fort Leavenworth, KS: US Army Command and General Sta College
(Women in combat)
31
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n ❘ Biography and Autobiography – Books
Adams-Ender, C.L. (2001) My rise to the stars: how a sharecropper’s daughter became an Army
general, Lake Ridge, VA: CAPE Associates, 247pp
(Gender, career and deployment)
Albright, M.K. & Woodward, B. (2003) Madam Secretary, New York, NY: Miramax Books, 576pp
Barkalow, C. (1990) In the men’s house: an inside account of life in the Army by one of West Point’s
rst female graduates, New York, NY: Poseidon Press, 283pp
(Gender and military education)
Bragg, R. (2003) I Am a Solder, Too: The Jessica Lynch Story, New York, NY: Knopf, 207pp
Brion, I. (1997) Lady GI: a woman’s war in the South Pacic: the memoir of Irene Brion, Novato, CA:
Presidio, 178pp
Cammermeyer, M. & Fisher, C. (1995) Serving in Silence, Authorhouse, 384pp
(Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) issues)
Collins, W.Q. (1997) More than a uniform: a Navy woman in a Navy man’s world, Denton, TX:
University of North Texas Press, 241pp
(Gender equality)
Cornum, R. (1992) She went to war: the Rhonda Cornum story, Novato, CA: Presidio, 203pp
Cummings, M. (1999) Hornet’s nest: the experiences of one of the US Navy’s rst female ghter pilots,
San Jose, CA: Writer’s Showcase, 395pp
(Women in combat)
Dempsey, D.D. & Foster, J.R. (1998) The Captain’s a Woman: Tales of a Merchant Mariner, Annapolis,
MD: Naval Institute Press, 269pp
Earley, C.A. (1995) One Woman’s Army: A Black Ocer Remembers the WAC, College Station, TX:
Texas A & M University Press, 232pp
(Gender, race and ethnicity)
George, J. (1999) She who dared: covert operations in Northern Ireland with the SAS, London, UK:
Leo Cooper, 180pp
(Women in combat)
Graham, R. (1993) Military Secret, Las Collinas, TX: Monument Press, 375pp
(Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) issues)
Hawker, H. (1997) It was her war too, Edmonton, AB: H. and P. Hawker, 228pp
Holobaugh, J. (1993) Torn Allegiances: The Story of a Gay Cadet, Boston, MA: Alyson Books, 248pp
(Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) issues)
Karpinski, J.L. & Strasser, S. (2005) One Woman’s Army: The Commanding General of Abu Ghraib
Tells Her Story, New York, NY: Miramax, 242pp
(Gender and violence)
Biography and Autobiography
32 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
Kennedy, C.J. (2001) Generally speaking, New York, NY: Warner Books, 326pp
Kennedy, J.E. (1995) About face: a gay ocer’s account of how he stopped prosecuting gays in the
army and started ghting for their rights, New York, NY: Carol, 302pp
(Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) issues)
Livermore, M. (1995) Ashton Rice: My story of the war, New York, NY: Da Capo Press, 700pp
Matthews, M.M. (1998) Mother wore combat boots and chased troop trains: a young woman’s
adventure story as an Army nurse in World War II, Akron, OH: Grapevine Press, 173pp
McGowan, J. (2005) Major conict: one gay man’s life in the don’t-ask-don’t-tell military, New York,
NY: Broadway Books, 278pp
(Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) issues)
McIntosh, E.P. (1998) Sisterhood of Spies: The Women of the OSS, Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute
Press, 320pp
Peck, S. (1995) All American Boy: A Memoir, New York, NY: Scribner, 235pp
(Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) issues)
Pennington, R. (Ed.) (2003) Amazons to Fighter Pilots: A Biographical Dictionary of Military Women,
Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 848pp
(Women in combat)
Simbeck, R. (1999) Doughter of the Air: The Brief Soaring Life of Cornelia Fort, New York, NY: Atlantic
Monthly Press, 263pp
Spears, S. (1998) Call sign Revlon: the life and death of Navy ghter pilot Kara Hultgreen, Annapolis,
MD: Naval Institute Press, 306pp
Staub, M.E. & Williams, K. (2006) Love My Rie More than You: Young and Female in the US Army,
New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company, 292pp
Tucker, P.T. (2009) Cathy Williams: From Slave to Bualo Soldier, Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole
Books, 258pp
(Gender, race and ethnicity)
Wakeman, S.R. & Burgess, L.C. (1994) An Uncommon Soldier: The Civil War Letters of Sarah Rosetta
Wakeman, Alias Private Lyons Wakeman 153rd Regiment, New York State Volunteers, Pasadena,
MD: The Minerva Center, 110pp
Williams, K.B. (2004) Grace Hopper: Admiral of the Cyber Sea, Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press,
240pp
Young, A.F. (2004) Masquerade: The Life and Times of Deborah Sampson, Continental Soldier, New
York, NY: Knopf, 417pp
Zuniga, J. (1994) Soldier of the year: The story of a gay American patriot, New York, NY: Pocket
Books, 323pp
(Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) issues)
33
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n ❘ Gender and Family Issues – Journal Articles
Agazio J.G., Ephraim P.M., Flaherty N.B., Gurney C.A. (2002) Health promotion in active-duty
military women with children, Women and Health, 35(1), pp. 65-82
Bowen G.L. (1989) Satisfaction with Family Life in the Military, Armed Forces & Society, 15(4), pp.
571-592
Harrell, M.C. (2001) Army ocers’ spouses: Have the white gloves been mothballed?, Armed
Forces & Society, 28(1), pp. 55-75
Harris, G.L.A. (2009) Women, the Military, and Academe Navigating the Family Track in an Up or
Out System, Administration & Society, 41(4), pp. 391-422
Herzog, H. (2004) Family-Military Relations in Israel as a Genderizing Social Mechanism, Armed
Forces & Society, 31(1), pp. 5-30
Hoiberg, A. & Ernst, J. (1980) Motherhood in the Military – Conicting Roles for Navy Women,
International Journal of Sociology of the Family, 10(2), pp. 265-280
Kelley, M.L., Hock, E., Jarvis, M.S., Smith, K.M., Ganey, M.A. & Bonney, J.F. (2002) Psychological
Adjustment of Navy Mothers Experiencing Deployment, Military Psychology, 14(3), pp. 199-216
Lundquist, J.H., Smith, H.L. (2005) Family Formation among Women in the US Military: Evidence
From the NLSY, Journal of Marriage and Family, 67(1), pp. 1-13
Mederer, H.J. & Weinstein, L. (1992) Choices and constraints in a two-person career: Ideology,
division of labor, and well-being among submarine ocers’ wives, Journal of Family Issues, 13(3),
pp. 334-350
(Gender, career and deployment)
Paulus, P.B., Nagar, D., Larey, T.S. & Camacho, L.M. (1996) Environmental, lifestyle, and
psychological factors in the health and well-being of military families, Journal of Applied Social
Psychology, 26(23), pp. 2053-2075
Pierce, P.F. (1998) Retention of Air Force Women Serving During Desert Shield and Desert Storm,
Military Psychology, 10(3), pp. 195-213
Rosen, L.N., Ickovics, J.R. & Moghadam, L.Z. (1990) Employment and Role Satisfaction, Psychology
of Women Quarterly, 14(3), pp. 371-385
Schumm, W.R., Bell, D.B. & Resnick, G. (2001) Recent research on family factors and readiness:
implications for military leaders, Psychological Reports, 89(1), pp. 153-165
Schumm, W.R., Bell, D.B., Rice, R.E. & Schuman, P.M. (1996) Marriage trends in the US Army,
Psychological Reports, 78(3), pp. 771-784
Teachman, J.D. & Tedrow, L. (2008) Divorce, Race, and Military Service: More Than Equal Pay and
Equal Opportunity, Journal of Marriage and Family, 70(4), pp. 1030-1044
Thomas, P.J. & Thomas, M.D. (1994) Eects of Sex, Marital Status, and Parental Status on
Absenteeism Among Navy Enlisted Personnel, Military Psychology, 6(2), pp. 95-108
Gender and Family Issues
34 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
Vinokur, A.D., Pierce, P.F. & Buck, C.L. (1999) Work-family conicts of women in the Air Force:
their inuence on mental health and functioning, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 20(6), pp.
865-878
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Wahl C.K. & Randall V.F. (1996) Military women as wives and mothers, Women’s Health Issues, 6(6),
pp. 315-319
Westman, M., Vinokur, A.D., Hamilton, V.L. & Roziner, I. (2004) Crossover of marital dissatisfaction
during military downsizing among Russian army ocers and their spouses, Journal of Applied
Psychology, 89(5), pp. 769-779
n ❘ Gender and Family Issues – Books
Peck, E.R.A. (2003) The force behind the Armed Forces: thoughts from women whose loved ones
served America, Baltimore, MD: PublishAmerica, 225pp
Weinstein, L. & White, C. (Eds.) (1997) Wives and Warriors: Women and the Military in the United
States and Canada, Westport, CT: Bergin & Garvey, 272pp
n ❘ Gender and Family Issues – Reports, etc.
Harrell, M.C. (2000) Invisible Women: Junior Enlisted Army Wives, Santa Monica, CA: RAND
Corporation, 116pp
Kelley, M.L. (1997) The impact of deployment on navy women and their families, Norfolk, VA: Old
Dominion University, 135pp
Marshall-Mies, J. (2001) Civilian Spouses of Soldiers: Comparison of the Results for Male and Female
Spouses, Alexandria, VA: US Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences, 54pp
Tanner, L. & Walters, C. (1992) Marital Status of Women in the Canadian Forces, Ottawa, ON:
Defense Research & Development Canada, 48pp
Thomas, P.J. & Mottern, J. (2002) Results from the 1999 Study of Pregnancy and Parenthood in the
Navy, Millington, TN: Navy Personnel Research, Studies, and Technology
Thomas, P.J. & Uriell, Z.A. (1998) Pregnancy and Single Parenthood in the Navy: Results of a 1997
Survey, San Diego, CA: Navy Personnel Research and Development Center, 41pp
(Pregnancy and child care)
Uriell, Z.A. & Burress, L. (2007) Results of the 2005 Pregnancy and Parenthood Survey, Millington,
TN: Navy Personnel Research, Studies, and Technology, 126pp
(Pregnancy and child care)
Uriell, Z.A. & White, S.L. (2005) Results of the 2003 Pregnancy and Parenthood Survey, Millington,
TN: Navy Personnel Research, Studies, and Technology, 123pp
(Pregnancy and child care)
Uriell, Z.A. (2004) Results of the 2001 Pregnancy and Parenthood Survey, Millington, TN: Navy
Personnel Research, Studies, and Technology, 78pp
(Pregnancy and child care)
35
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n ❘ Gender and Family Issues – Ph.D Theses (non-military)
Hobson, T.A. (2006) The impact of deployment on the stay-behind spouse of active duty navy
women [Ph.D Thesis], Minneapolis, MN: Walden University, 125pp
Jacobs, E.W. (1985) The relationship of gender and locus of control to the eects of occupationally
induced separation of navy couples [Ph.D Thesis], Tallahassee, FL: Florida State University, 183pp
Jebo, J.L. (2005) An untraditional life: male spouses of female military person [Ph.D Thesis],
Blacksburg, VA: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 108pp
King, M.P. (2006) The lived experience of becoming a rst-time, enlisted, army, active-duty, military
mother [Ph.D Thesis], Austin, TX: University of Texas
Norris, D.M. (1996) Working them out...working them in: ideology, discourse and the everyday
lives of female military partners experiencing the cycle of deployment [Ph.D Thesis], Halifax, NS:
Dalhousie University, 375pp
n ❘ Gender and Family Issues – Ph.D & Master Theses (military)
Houk, L.D. (1980) A comparison of attitudes in dual-career Air Force families [Master Thesis], Wright-
Patterson AFB, OH: US Air Force Institute of Technology, 114pp
Johnson, R.S. (1998) Civilian husbands in the military family: current issues and future concerns
[Master Thesis], Monterey, CA: US Naval Postgraduate School, 194pp
Sinclair, C.S. (2004) Eects of military/family conict on female naval ocer retention [Master
Thesis], Monterey, CA: US Naval Postgraduate School, 61pp
n ❘ Gender and History – Journal Articles
Ahlback, A. & Kivimäki, V. (2008) Masculinities at War: Finland 1918-1950, NORMA, 3(2), pp. 115-128
(Masculinities)
Anderson, I. (2003) Women’s unarmed uprising against war: a Swedish peace preotest in 1935,
Journal of Peace research, 40(4), pp. 395-412
(Gender and peace building)
Aresti, N. (2007) The Gendered Identities of the ‘Lieutenant Nun’: Rethinking the Story of a
Female Warrior in Early Modern Spain, Gender & History, 19(3), pp. 401-418
(Women and femininities)
Barger, J. (1991) Coping Behaviors of United-States-Army Flight Nurses in World-War-2 – An Oral-
History, Aviation Space and Environmental Medicine, 62(2), pp. 153-157
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Baumel, J.T. (2009) The Lives and Deaths of Female Military Casualties in Israel During the 1950s,
Israel Studies, 14(2), pp. 134-157
(Women and femininities)
Baumel, J.T. (2002) “Teacher, Tiller, Soldier, Spy”? women’s representations in Israeli military
memorials, The Journal of Israeli History, 21(1-2), pp. 93-117
(Women and femininities)
Gender and History
36 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
Beckett, I.F.W. (2000) Women and patronage in the Late Victorian Army, History, 85(279), pp. 463-
480
(Women and femininities)
Bellafaire, J.L. (2006) Public Service Role Models: The First Women of the Defense Advisory
Committee on Women in the Services, Armed Forces & Society, 32(3), pp. 424-436
(Women and femininities)
Bibbings, L. (2003) Images of Manliness: The Portrayal of Soldiers and Conscientious Objectors in
the Great War, Social Legal Studies, 12(3), pp. 335-358
(Masculinities)
Biedermann N. (2004) “Don’t forget your cotton underwear girls”: femininity and Australian
Army nurses in the Vietnam War (1967-1971), Contemporary Nurse, 16(3), pp. 228-235
(Women and femininities)
Bingham, M. (1994) Joan of Arc and Women’s Medieval Military Tradition: A Lesson Plan, Social
Education, 58(2), pp. 71-73
(Women and femininities)
Black, J. (2006) War, women and accounting: Female sta in the UK Army Pay Department oces,
1914-1920, Accounting, Business and Financial History, 16(2), pp. 195-218
(Women and femininities)
Blythe, J.M. (2001) Women in the military: Scholastic arguments and medieval images of female
warriors, History of Political Thought, 22(2), pp. 242-269
(Women and femininities)
Bowen, S. (2004) “The Real Soul of a Man in her Breast”: Popular Opposition and British
Nationalism in Memoirs of Female Soldiers, 1740-1750, Eighteenth-Century Life, 28(3), pp. 20-45
(Gender stereotypes)
Bowley, P. & Wright, K. (1997) Canadian Enlisted Women: Gender Issues in the Canadian Armed
Forces Before and After 1945, Minerva: Quarterly Report on Women and the Military, 15, pp. 9-25
(Women and femininities)
Brudner, H. & Welko, M.A. (1995) Our Daughters, the Soldiers: Women in the Military in World War
II, New England Journal of History, 52(1), pp. 28-39
(Women and femininities)
Bruley, S. (2005) The Love of an Unknown Soldier: A Story of Mystery, Myth and Masculinity in
World War I, Contemporary British History, 19(4), pp. 459-479
(Masculinities)
Burg, B.R. (2002) Ocers, Gentlemen, ‘Man-Talk,’ and Group Sex in the ‘Old Navy,’ 1870-1873,
Journal of the History of Sexuality, 11(3), pp. 439-456
(Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) issues)
Campbell, D. (1993) Women in Combat: The World War II Experience in the United States, Great
Britain, Germany, and the Soviet Union, Journal of Military History, 57(2), pp. 301-323
(Women in combat)
Cardona, E.C. & Markwick, R.D. (2009) “Our brigade will not be sent to the front”: Soviet Women
under Arms in the Great Fatherland War, 1941–45, Russian Review, 68(2), pp. 240-262
(Women in combat)
37
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Care, D., Gregory, D., English, J. & Venkatesh, P. (1996) A struggle for equality: resistance to
commissioning of male nurses in the Canadian military, 1952-1967, The Canadian journal of
nursing research, 28(1), pp. 103-117
(Gender equality)
Carney, E. (2004) Women and Military Leadership in Macedonia, Ancient World, 35(2), pp. 184-195
(Gender and leadership)
Carney, E.D. (2001) Women and Military Leadership in Pharaonic Egypt Greek, Roman & Byzantine
Studies, 42(1), pp. 25-40
(Gender and leadership)
Carpenter, S.A. (1997) ‘’Regular farm girl’’: The Women’s Land Army in World War II, Agricultural
History, 71(2), pp. 163-185
(Women and femininities)
Conrey, K. (1998) Remembering the forgotten: a look at the women POWs of world war II,
Minerva Quarterly Report on Women and the Military, 17, pp. 25-75
(Women and femininities)
Conway, D. (2004) ‘Every Coward’s Choice’? Political Objection to Military Service in Apartheid
South Africa as Sexual Citizenship, Citizenship Studies, 8(1), pp. 25-45
(Masculinities)
Conway, D. (2008) Masculinities and narrating the past: experiences of researching white men
who refused to serve in the apartheid army, Qualitative Research, 8(3), pp. 347-354
(Masculinities)
Cornelsen, K (2005) Women airforce service pilots of World War II - Exploring military aviation,
encountering discrimination, and exchanging traditional roles in service to America, Journal of
Womens History, 17(4), pp. 111-119
(Women and femininities)
Cottam, K.J. (1980) Soviet Women in Combat in World-War II – The Ground Forces and the Navy,
International Journal of Womens Studies, 3(4), pp. 345-357
(Women in combat)
Crang, J.A. (2010) The revival of the British women’s auxiliary services in the late nineteen-thirties,
Historical Research, 83(220), pp. 343-357
(Women and femininities)
Crouthamel, J. (2008) Male Sexuality and Psychological Trauma: Soldiers and Sexual Disorder in
World War I and Weimar Germany. Journal of the History of Sexuality, 17(1), pp. 60-84
(Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) issues)
DeGroot, G.J. (1995) Combatants or Non-Combatants? Women in Mixed Anti-Aircraft Batteries
during the Second World War, RUSI Journal, 140(5), pp. 65-70
(Women in combat)
DeGroot, G.J. (1995) From Drivers to Jet Pilots: the Changing Role of Servicewomen, Army
Quarterly & Defence Journal, 125(3), pp. 293-296
(Women in combat)
Dejung, C. (2009) The gure of the ocer: class, gender, and military hierarchy in the Swiss army
in the 1930s and 1940s, Journal of War and Culture Studies, 2(2), pp. 135-151
(Masculinities)
38 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
Dejung, C. (2010) “Switzerland must be a special democracy”: Sociopolitical Compromise,
Military Comradeship, and the Gender Order in 1930s and 1940s Switzerland, Journal of Modern
History, 82(1), pp. 102-126
(Masculinities)
Dekker, R.M. & van de Pol, L.C. (1989) Republican heroines: Cross-dressing women in the French
revolutionary armies, History of European Ideas, 10(3), pp. 353-363
(Women and femininities)
Dille, J.R. (2000) Women in Civil and Military Aviation: The First 125 Years (1804-1929), Aviation,
space, and environmental medicine, 71(9), pp. 957-961
(Women and femininities)
Geva, D. (2010) Dierent and Unequal? Breadwinning, Dependency Deferments, and the
Gendered Origins of the US Selective Service System, Armed Forces & Society,37
(Gender equality)
Gilbert, A.N. (1974) The Africaine courts-martial: A study of buggery and the Royal Navy, Journal
of Homosexuality, 1(1), pp. 111-122
(Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) issues)
Graf, M. (2002) With high hopes: women contract surgeons in world war I, Minerva: Quarterly
Report on Women and the Military, 20, pp. 16-28
(Gender, career and deployment)
Graf, M.H. (2001) Women nurses in the Spanish-American war, Minerva: Quarterly Report on
Women and the Military, 19, pp. 3-38
(Gender, career and deployment)
Graf, M.H. (2002) Women Physicians in the Spanish-American War, Army History, (56), pp. 4-15
(Gender, career and deployment)
Habib, D.F. (2006) Chastity, masculinity, and military eciency: The United States Army in
Germany, 1918-1923, International History Review, 28(4), pp. 737-757
(Masculinities)
Hacker, B.C. (1981) Women and Military Institutions in Early Modern Europe: A Reconnaissance,
Signs, 6(4), pp. 643-671
(Women and femininities)
Hagemann, K. (2009) Reconstructing ‘Front’ and ‘Home’: Gendered Experiences and Memories of
the German Wars against Napoleon: A Case Study, War in History, 16(1), pp. 25-50
(Women and femininities)
Halladay, J. (2004) A lovely war: male to female cross-dressing and Canadian military
entertainment in World War II, Journal of Homosexuality, 46(3-4), pp. 19-34
(Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) issues)
Hampf, M.M. (2004) “Dykes” or “whores”: sexuality and the women’s army corps in the United
States during World War II, Womens Studies International Forum, 27(1), pp. 13-30
(Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) issues)
Harry, J. (1984) Homosexual men and women who served their country, Journal of Homosexuality,
10(1-2), pp. 117-125
(Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) issues)
39
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Hayashi, H. (2008) Disputes in Japan over the Japanese Military “Comfort Women” System and Its
Perception in History, The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 617(1),
pp. 123-132
(Gender, tracking and prostitution)
Heit, S. (2009) Waging sexual warfare: Case studies of rape warfare used by the Japanese Imperial
Army during World War II, Womens Studies International Forum, 32(5), 363-370
(Gender and sexual violence as a weapon of war)
Hekma, G. (1991) Homosexual Behavior in the 19TH Century Dutch Army, Journal of the History
of Sexuality, 2(2), pp. 266-288
(Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) issues)
Herrera-Graf, M. (1998) Stress, suering, and sacrice: women POWs in the civil war, Minerva:
Quarterly Report on Women and the Military, 16, pp. 1-24
(Women and femininities)
Hoegaerts, J. (2010) Manoeuvring men: masculinity as spatially dened readability at the
grandes manoeuvres of the Belgian army, 1882-1883, Gender Place and Culture, 17(2), pp. 249-
268
(Masculinities)
Hyson, J.M. (1995) Female Dentists in the US Army - The Origins, Military Medicine, 160(2), pp.
57-62
(Gender, career and deployment)
Jarvis, C. (2009) “If He Comes Home Nervous”: US World War II Neuropsychiatric Casualties and
Postwar Masculinities, Journal of Men’s Studies, 17(2), pp. 97-115
(Masculinities)
Jensen, K. (2005) A Base Hospital Is Not a Coney Island Dance Hall, Frontiers: A Journal of Women
Studies, 26(2), pp. 206-235
(Women and femininities)
Jones, L. (2008) The Others: Gender and Conscientious Objection in the First World War, NORMA,
3(2), pp. 100-111
(Masculinities)
Kalisch, P.A. (1975) Heroines of ‘98: female Army nurses in the Spanish-American war, Nursing
Research, 24(6), pp. 411-429
(Women and femininities)
Kampf, A. (2008) Controlling Male Sexuality: Combating Venereal Disease in the New Zealand
Military during Two World Wars, Journal of the History of Sexuality, 17(2), pp. 235-258
(Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) issues)
Kestner, J.E. (1996) Victorian Military Painting and the Construction of Masculinity, Victorian
Literature and Culture, 24, pp. 51-97
(Masculinities)
King, L.Y. (1998) In Search of Women of African Descent Who Served in the Civil War Union Navy,
Journal of Negro History, 83(4), pp. 302-309
(Gender, race and ethnicity)
Kirschenbaum, L.A. & Wingeld, N.M. (2009) Gender and the Construction of Wartime Heroism in
40 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
Czechoslovakia and the Soviet Union, European History Quarterly, 39(3), pp. 465-489
(Masculinities)
Kna D. (2009) The “Ferret out the lesbians” legend: Johnnie Phelps, general Eisenhower, and the
power and politics of myth, Journal of Lesbian Studies, 13(4), pp. 415-430
(Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) issues)
Kovner, S. (2009) Base Cultures: Sex Workers and Servicemen in Occupied Japan, Journal of Asian
Studies, 68(3), pp. 777-804
(Gender, tracking and prostitution)
Krylova, A. (2004) Stalinist Identity from the Viewpoint of Gender: Rearing a Generation of
Professionally Violent Women-Fighters in 1930s Stalinist Russia, Gender & History, 16(3), pp. 626-
653
(Women in combat)
Lancaster, A.R. (1999) Department of defense sexual harassment research: Historical perspectives
and new initiatives, Military Psychology, 11(3), pp. 219-231
(Gender, sexual harassment and abuse in a military context)
Laughlin, M. (1994) The Woman’s Land Army: 1918-1920, Social Education, 58(2), pp. 85-88
(Women and femininities)
Lee, J.K. (2009) Surrogate military, subimperialism, and masculinity: South Korea in the Vietnam
war, 1965-73, Positions: East Asia Cultures Critique, 17(3), pp. 655-682
(Masculinities)
Lee, J. (2008) Sisterhood at the front: Friendship, comradeship, and the feminine appropriation
of military heroism among World War I First Aid Nursing Yeomanry (FANY), Women’s Studies
International Forum, 31(1), pp. 16-29
(Women and femininities)
Lee, J. (2006) A Nurse and a Soldier: Gender, Class and National Identity in the First World War
Adventures of Grace McDougall and Flora Sandes, Women’s History Review, 15(1), pp. 83-103
(Women and femininities)
Lee, N.Y. (2007) The construction of military prostitution in South Korea during the US military
rule, 1945-1948, Feminist Studies, 33(3), pp. 453-481
(Gender, tracking and prostitution)
Levsen, S. (2008) Constructing Elite Identities: University Students, Military Masculinity and the
Consequences of the Great War in Britain and Germany, Past & Present, 198(1), pp. 147-183
(Masculinities)
Macknight, E.C. (2009) Honor and the Military Formation of French Noblemen, 1870-1920,
Historical Reections - Reexions Historique, 35(3), pp. 95-114
(Masculinities)
Mark, J. (2005) Remembering rape: Divided social memory and the Red Army in Hungary 1944-
1945, Past & Present, (188), pp. 133-161
(Gender and sexual violence as a weapon of war)
Mathis, S. (1994) Propaganda to Mobilize Women for World War II, Social Education, 58(2), pp.
94-96
(Recruitment of women)
41
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Matsui, Y. (2001) Women’s International War Crimes Tribunal on Japan’s Military Sexual Slavery:
Memory, Identity, and Society, East Asia, 19(4), pp. 119-142
(Gender and sexual violence as a weapon of war)
Messerschmidt, J.W. (2006) The Forgotten Victims of World War II: Masculinities and Rape in
Berlin, 1945, Violence Against Women, 12(7), pp. 706-712
(Gender and sexual violence as a weapon of war)
Noakes, L. (2007) Demobilising the Military Woman: Constructions of Class and Gender in Britain
after the First World War, Gender & History, 19(1), pp. 143-162
(Women and femininities)
O’Brien, M. (1998) Manhood and the Militia Myth: Masculinity, Class and Militarism in Ontario,
1902-1914, Labour / Le Travail, 42, pp. 115-141
(Masculinities)
Pae, K.J.C. (2009) Western Princesses - A Missing Story: A Christian Feminist Ethical Analysis of US
Military Prostitution in South Korea, Journal of the Society of Christian Ethics, 29(2), pp. 121-139
(Gender, tracking and prostitution)
Peniston-Bird, C. (2003) Classifying the Body in the Second World War: British Men in and Out of
Uniform, Body and Society, 9(4), pp. 31-48
(Gender and the body)
Permeswaran, Y. (2008) The Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps: A Compromise to Overcome the
Conict of Women Serving in the Army, History Teacher, 42(1), pp. 95-111
(Women and femininities)
Prior, R.M. & Marble, W.S. (2008) The Overlooked Heroines: Three Silver Star Nurses of World War
I, Military Medicine, 173(5), pp. 493-498
(Women and femininities)
Roper. M. (2007) Between the Psyche and the Social: Masculinity, Subjectivity and the First World
War Veteran, Journal of Men’s Studies, 15(3), pp. 251-270
(Masculinities)
Roper, M. (2000) Re-remembering the Soldier Hero: the Psychic and Social Construction of
Memory in Personal Narratives of the Great War, History Workshop Journal, (50), pp. 181-204
(Masculinities)
Rosenfeld, P., Thomas, M.D., Edwards, J.E., Thomas, P.J. & Thomas, E.D. (1991) Navy research
into race, ethnicity, and gender issues: A historical review, International Journal of Intercultural
Relations, 15(4), pp. 407-426
(Women and femininities)
Sandos, J.A. (1980) Prostitution and Drugs: The United States Army on the Mexican-American
Border, 1916-1917, Pacic historical review, 49(4), pp. 621-645
(Gender, tracking and prostitution)
Scannell-Desch, E. (2000) The culture of war: a study of women military nurses in Vietnam,
Journal of Transcultural Nursering, 11(2), pp. 87-95
(Women and femininities)
Scannell-Desch, E. (1999) Images & relationships forged in war. A study of women nurses who
served in Vietnam, Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Service, 37(8), pp. 32-42
(Women and femininities)
42 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
Scannell-Desch, E. (1996) The lived experience of women military nurses in Vietnam during the
Vietnam War, Image – the Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 28(2), pp. 119-124
(Women and femininities)
Schwebke, K.E. (2009) The Vietnam Women’s Memorial: Better late than Never, American Journal
of Nursing, 109(5), pp. 34-40
(Women and femininities)
Scott, J.W. (1984) Women and War: A Focus for Rewriting History, Women’s Studies Quarterly,
12(2), pp. 2-6
(Women and femininities)
Scrivener, L. (1999) US military women in world war II: The spar, wac, waves, wasp, and women
marines in US government publications, Journal of Government Information, 26(4), pp. 361-383
(Women and femininities)
Sedgwick, J.B. (2009) Memory on trial: Constructing and contesting the rape of Nanking at the
international military tribunal for the far east, 1946-1948, Modern Asian Studies, 43(5), pp. 1229-
1254
(Gender and sexual violence as a weapon of war)
Segal, M.W. & Hansen, A.F. (1992) Value Rationales in Policy Debates on Women in the Military:
A Content Analysis of Congressional Testimony, 1941-1985, Social Science Quarterly, 73(2), pp.
296-309
(Women and femininities)
Serlin, D. (2003) Crippling masculinity - Queerness and disability in US military culture, 1800-
1945, Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies, 9(1-2), pp. 149-179
(Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) issues)
Skelton, G. (1998) Dahomey’s royal guard and amazons, Military History, 15, pp. 70-71
(Women and femininities)
Stark, S.J. (1997) Women at sea in the Royal Navy in the age of sail, American Neptune, 57(2), pp.
101-122
(Women and femininities)
Steel, M.F. & Kaczmarek, M.G. (1987) Women in the Military: An Historical Perspective on
the Nursing Corps, Journal of the National Association of Women Deans, Administrators, and
Counselors, 50(2), pp. 32-38
(Women and femininities)
Stone, T. (1999) Creating a (gendered?) military identity: The Women’s Auxiliary Air Force in Great
Britain in the Second World War, Womens History Review, 8(4), pp. 605-624
(Women and femininities)
Sullivan, J.M. (2007) Music for the injured soldier: A contribution of American women’s military
bands during World War II, Journal of Music Therapy, 44(3), pp. 282-305
(Women and femininities)
Sullivan, J.M. (2006) Women’s military bands in a segregated army: The 400(th) and 404(th) WAC
bands, Journal of Band Research, 41(2), pp. 1-35
(Women and femininities)
43
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Swerdlow, A. (1995) US Women: War, Peace, and the Military, Women’s Studies Quarterly, 23(3-4),
pp. 193-197
(Gender and peace building)
Tap, B. (2004) Inevitability, masculinity, and the American military tradition: the committee on
the conduct of the war investigates the American Civil War, American Nineteenth Century History,
5(2), pp. 19-46
(Masculinities)
Teorey, M. (2008) Unmasking the Gentleman Soldier in the Memoirs of Two Cross-dressing
Female US Civil War Soldiers War, Literature & the Arts: An International Journal of the Humanities,
20(1-2), pp. 74-93
(Women and femininities)
Terazawa, Y. (2006) The Transnational Campaign for Redress for Wartime Rape by the Japanese
Military: Cases for Survivors in Shanxi Province, NWSA Journal, 18(3), pp. 133-145
(Gender and sexual violence as a weapon of war)
Thomas, P.J. (1978) Women in the Military; America and the British Commonwealth: Historical
Similarities, Armed Forces & Society, 4(4), pp. 623-646
(Women and femininities)
Trnka, S. (1995) Living a Life of Sex and Danger: Women, Warfare, and Sex in Military Folk Rhymes,
Western Folklore, 54(3), pp. 232-241
(Women and femininities)
Vining, M. & Hacker, B.C. (2001) From camp follower to lady in uniform: women, class and military
institutions before 1920, Contemporary European History, 10(3), pp. 353-373
(Women and femininities)
Wake, N. (2007) The Military, Psychiatry, and “Unt” Soldiers, 1939-1942, Journal of the History of
Medicine & Allied Sciences, 62(4), pp. 461-494
(Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) issues)
Watson, S.J. (1995) Flexible Gender Roles during the Market Revolution: Family, Friendship,
Marriage, and Masculinity among US Army Ocers, 1815-1846, Journal of Social History, 29(1),
pp. 81-106
(Masculinities)
Wheelwhite, J. (2002) “Amazons and military maids:” An examination of female military heroines
in British literature and the changing construction of gender, Women’s Studies International
Forum, 10(5), pp. 489-502
(Women and femininities)
n ❘ Gender and History – Books
Adie, K. (2003) Corsets to camouage: women and war, London, UK: Hodder & Stoughton, 246pp
(Women in combat)
Alpern, S.B. (1998) Amazons of black Sparta: the women warriors of Dahomey, New York, NY: New
York University Press, 280pp
(Women in combat)
Banister, L. (2001) Equal to the challenge: an anthology of women’s experiences during World War II,
Ottawa, ON: Department of National Defence, 552pp
(Women and femininities)
44 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
Beauman, K.B. (1971) Partners in blue: the story of women’s service with the Royal Air Force, London,
UK: Hutchinson, 308pp
(Women and femininities)
Berkin, C. (2005) Revolutionary Mothers: Women in the Struggle for America’s Independence, New
York, NY: Knopf, 224pp
(Women and femininities)
Berube, A. (1990) Coming Out under Fire: The History of Gay Men and Women in World War Two,
New York, NY: Free Press, 377pp
(Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) issues)
Binney, M. (2004) The women who lived for danger: behind enemy lines during World War II, New
York, NY: Perennial, 380pp
(Women in combat)
Blanton, D. (2002) They fought like demons: women soldiers in the American Civil War, Baton Rouge,
LA: Louisiana State University Press, 277pp
(Women in combat)
Bourke, J. (1996) Dismembering the Male: Men’s Bodies, Britain, and the Great War, Chicago, IL:
University of Chicago Press, 336pp
(Masculinities)
Breuer, W.B. (1997) War and American women: heroism, deeds, and controversy, Westport, CT:
Praeger, 255pp
(Women and femininities)
Browder, L. (2010) When Janey Comes Marching Home: Portraits of Women Combat Veterans,
Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 168pp
(Women in combat)
Brown, D.P. (2002) The camp women: the female auxiliaries who assisted the SS in running the Nazi
concentration camp system, Atglen, PA: Schier Publications, 285pp
(Gender and violence)
Burg, B.R. (Ed.) (2001) Gay Warriors: A Documentary History from the Ancient World to the Present,
New York, NY: New York University Press, 299pp
(Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) issues)
Carl, A. (1999) A WASP among Eagles: a woman military test pilot in World War II, Washington, DC:
Smithsonian Institution Press, 132pp
(Women and femininities)
Carpenter, S.A. (2003) On the farm front: the Women’s Land Army in World War II, DeKalb, IL:
Northern Illinois University Press, 214pp
(Women and femininities)
Cook, B.A. (Ed.) (2006) Women and War: A Historical Encyclopedia from Antiquity to the Present,
Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 742pp
(Women and femininities)
Cordingly, D. (2001) Women Sailors and Sailors’ Women: An Untold Maritime History, London:
Random House, 304pp
(Women and femininities)
45
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Cottam, K.J. (1997) Women in air war: the eastern front of World War II, New York, NY: Legas, 365pp
(Women and femininities)
De Pauw, L.G. (2000) Battle Cries and Lullabies: Women in War from Prehistory to the Present,
Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 432pp
(Women and femininities)
Dever, J.P. & Dever, M.C. (1994) Women and the Military: Over 100 Notable Contributors, Historic to
Comtemporary, Jeerson, NC: McFarland & Company, 163pp
(Women and femininities)
Dombrowski, N.A. (Ed.) (2004) Women and War in the Twentieth Century: Enlisted with or without
Consent, London: Routledge, 392pp
(Women and femininities)
Donnelly, K.J. (2004) American women pilots of World War II, New York, NY: Rosen Pub. Group,
112pp
(Women and femininities)
Dudink, S., Hagemann & Tosh, J. (Eds.) (2004) Masculinities in Politics and War: Gendering Modern
History, Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 368pp
(Masculinities)
Dundas, B. (2001) A History of Women in the Canadian Military, Montreal, QC: Art Global, 164pp
(Women and femininities)
Ebbert, J. (2002) The rst, the few, the forgotten: Navy and Marine Corps women in World War I,
Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 189pp
(Women and femininities)
Ebbert, J. & Hall, M.B. (1999) Crossed Currents: Navy Women in a Century of Change, Washington,
DC: Brassey’s, 448pp
(Women and femininities)
Ebbert, J. & Hall, M.B. (1993) Crossed Currents: Navy Women from WWI to Tailhook, Washington,
DC: Brassey’s, 321pp
(Women and femininities)
Edgerton, R.B. (2000) Warrior Women: The Amazons Of Dahomey And The Nature Of War, Boulder,
CO: Westview Press, 196pp
(Women in combat)
Edmonds, S. (2000) Nurse and Spy in the Union Army: The Adventures and Experiences of a Woman
in Hospitals, Camps and Battle-Fields, Scituate, MA: Digital Scanning, 398pp
(Women and femininities)
Elshtain, J.B. & Tobias, S. (Eds.) (1990) Women, Militarism, and War: Essays in History, Politics, and
Social Theory, Savage, MD: Rowman & Littleeld Publishers, 284pp
(Women and femininities)
Escott, B.E. (1989) Women in air force blue: the story of women in the Royal Air Force from 1981 to the
present day, Wellingborough, UK: Stephens, 312pp
(Women and femininities)
Forbes, E. (1998) African American Women During the Civil War, New York, NY: Garland, 272pp
(Gender, race and ethnicity)
46 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
Forty, G. & Forty, A. (1997) Women war heroines, New York, NY: Sterling Publications, 190pp
(Women and femininities)
Frost-Knappman, E. & Cullen-DuPont, K. (1997) Women’s Rights on Trial: 101 Historic Trials from
Anne Hutchinson to the Virginia Military Institute Cadets, Detroit, MI: Thomson Gale, 478pp
(Gender equality)
Giose, D. (Ed.) (2003) Women on War: An International Anthology of Writings from Antiquity to
the Present, New York, NY: Feminist Press, 384pp
(Women and femininities)
Godson, S.H. (2002) Serving Proudly: A History of Women in the US Navy, Annapolis, MD: US Naval
Institute Press, 453pp
(Women and femininities)
Goedde, P. (2003) GIs and Germans: culture, gender and foreign relations, 1945-1949, New Haven,
CT: Yale University Press, 280pp
Goodman, P. (2002) Women, Sexuality and War, New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 194pp
(Gender identity and gender roles)
Goodpaster-Strebe, A. (2007) Flying for her country: the American and Soviet women military pilots
of World War II, Westport, CT: Praeger, 109pp
(Women and femininities)
Gossage, C. (2001) Greatcoats and glamour boots: Canadian women at war (1939-1945), Toronto,
ON: Dundurn Press, 296pp
(Women and femininities)
Gruhzit-Hoyt, O. (1999) A Time Remembered: American Women in the Vietnam War, Novato, CA:
Presidio Press, 262pp
(Women and femininities)
Gruhzit-Hoyt, O. (1995) They Also Served: American Women in World War II, Secaucus, NJ: Carol
Publishing Group, 279pp
(Women and femininities)
Hampton, E. (2006) Women of Valor: The Rochambelles on the World War II Front, New York, NY:
Palgrave Macmillan, 233pp
(Women and femininities)
Hannah, E.L. (2007) Manhood, citizenship, and the National Guard: Illinois, 1870-1917, Columbus,
OH: Ohio State University Press, 304pp
(Masculinities)
Haynsworth, L. & Toomey, D.M. (1998) Amelia Earhart’s Daughters: The Wild and Glorious Story of
American Aviators from World War II to the Dawn of the Space Age, New York, NY: William Morrow,
322pp
(Women and femininities)
Henson, M.R. (1999) Comfort woman: a Filipina’s story of prostitution and slavery under the
Japanese military, Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littleeld, 94pp
(Gender and tracking and prostitution)
Herzog, D. (2009) Brutality and desire: war and sexuality in Europe’s twentieth century, New York,
NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 290pp
(Gender and sexual violence as a weapon of war)
47
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Hicks, G. (1995) The Comfort Women: Japan’s Brutal Regime of Enforced Prostitution in the Second
World War, New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Co, 303pp
(Gender, tracking and prostitution)
Higonnet, M.R., Jenson, J., Michel, S. & Weitz, M.C. (1989) Behind the Lines: Gender and the Two
World Wars, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 310pp
(Women and femininities)
Holm, J. (1998) In defense of a nation: servicewomen in World War II, Washington, DC: Military
Women’s Press, 192pp
(Women and femininities)
Holm, J. (1993) Women In the Military, Revised Edition: An Unnished Revolution, Novato, CA:
Presidio Press, 560pp
(Women and femininities)
Humphrey, M.A. (1990) My country, my right to serve: experiences of gay men and women in the
military, World War II to the present, New York, NY: HarperCollins, 285pp
(Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) issues)
Jackson, P. (2004) One of the boys: homosexuality in the military in World War II, Montreal, QC:
McGill-Queen’s University Press, 338pp
(Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) issues)
Jeords, S. (1989) The Remasculinization of America: Gender and the Vietnam War, Bloomington,
IN: Indiana University Press, 240pp
(Masculinities)
Johnson, J.J. (1974) Black women in the Armed Forces, 1942-1974 (a pictorial history), Hampton,
VA: Johnson, 110pp
(Gender, race and ethnicity)
Jones, D.E. (2005) Women Warriors: A History, Dulles, VA: Brassey’s, 296pp
(Women in combat)
Keil, S.V.W. (1979) Those wonderful women in their ying machines: the unknown heroines of World
War II, New York, NY: Wade Publishers, 334pp
(Women and femininities)
Lee, J. (2005) War girls: the First Aid Nursing Yeomanry in the First World War, Manchester, UK:
Manchester University Press, 269pp
(Women and femininities)
Leon, P.W. (2000) Bullies and cowards: the West Point hazing scandal, 1898-1901, Westport, CT:
Greenwood Press, 193pp
(Gender, hazing and bullying)
Leonard, E.D. (1999) All the Daring of the Soldier: Women of the Civil War Armies, New York, NY:
W.W. Norton & Co, 368pp
(Women in combat)
Lewis, V. (1999) Side-by-Side: A Photographic History of American Women in War, New York, NY:
Stewart, Tabori & Chang, 160pp
(Women in combat)
48 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
Lilly, J.R. (2007) Taken by force: rape and American GIs in Europe during World War II, New York, NY:
Palgrave Macmillan, 235pp
(Gender and sexual violence as a weapon of war)
Lito, J.B. (1994) We’re in this war too: World War II letters from American women in uniform, New
York, NY: Oxford University Press, 272pp
(Women and femininities)
Loane, N.K. (2008) Following the drum: women at the Valley Forge encampment, Washington, DC:
Potomac Books, 205pp
(Women and femininities)
Lynn, J.A. (2008) Women, Armies, and Warfare in Early Modern Europe, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge
University Press, 252pp
(Women and femininities)
Manegold, C.S. (2001) In Glory’s Shadow: The Citadel, Shannon Faulkner, and a Changing America,
New York, NY, Vintage Books, 364pp
(Gender equality)
Melman, B. (1998) Borderlines: Genders and Identities in War and Peace 1870-1930, New York, NY:
Routledge, 464pp
(Gender identity and gender roles)
Merryman, M. (2001) Clipped Wings: The Rise and Fall of the Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASPS)
of World War II, New York, NY: New York University Press, 256pp
(Gender, physical and psychological ability)
Meyer, J. (2009) Men of war: masculinity and the First World War in Britain, New York, NY: Palgrave
Macmillan, 216pp
(Masculinities)
Meyer, L.D. (1996) Creating GI Jane: Sexuality and Power in the Women’s Army Corps during World
War II, New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 260pp
(Gender identity and gender roles)
Monahan, E.M. & Neidel-Greenlee, R. (2010) And if I Perish: Frontline US Army Nurses in World War
II, New York, NY: Knopf, 475pp
(Women in combat)
Moore, B.L. (2003) Serving our country: Japanese American women in the military during World War
II, New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 211pp
(Gender, race and ethnicity)
Moore, B.L. (1996) To Serve My Country, To Serve My Race: The Story of the Only African American
WACS Stationed Overseas During World War II, New York, NY: New York University Press
(Gender, race and ethnicity)
Morehouse, M.M. (2000) Fighting in the Jim Crow Army: Black Men and Women Remember World
War II, Lanham, MD: Rowham & Littleeld, 247pp
(Gender, race and ethnicity)
Moss, M.H. (2001) Manliness and militarism: educating young boys in Ontario for war, Don Mills,
ON: Oxford University Press, 216pp
(Masculinities)
49
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Myles, B. (1981) Night witches, the untold story of Soviet women in combat, Novato, CA: Presidio,
278pp
(Women in combat)
Nathan, A. (2004) Count on Us: American Women in the Militar y, Washington, DC: National
Geographic Society, 89pp
(Gender, career and deployment)
Noakes, L. (2006) Women in the British Army: War and the Gentle Sex, London, UK: Routledge,
224pp
(Gender identity and gender roles)
Noakes, L. (1998) War and the British: Gender, Memory and National Identity, New York, NY: I.B.
Tauris, 218pp
(Gender identity and gender roles)
Noggle, A. (1994) A dance with death: Soviet air women in World War II, College Station, TX: Texas
A&M University Press, 318pp
(Women and femininities)
Norman, E.M. (1999) We Band of Angels: The Untold Story of American Nurses Trapped on Bataan by
the Japanese, New York, NY: Random House, 327pp
(Women and femininities)
Norman, E.M. (1990) Women at war: the story of fty military nurses who served in Vietnam,
Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 211pp
(Women and femininities)
Pennington, R. (2001) Wings, Women, and War: Soviet Airwomen in World War II Combat, Lawrence,
KA: University Press of Kansas, 304pp
(Women in combat)
Phillips, K.J. (2006) Manipulating masculinity: war and gender in modern British and American
literature, New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 227pp
(Gender stereotypes)
Poulos, P.N. (1996) A Woman’s War Too: US Women in the Military in World War II, Washington, DC:
National Archives and Records Administration, 406pp
(Women and femininities)
Proctor, T.M. (2003) Female Intelligence: Women and Espionage in the First World War, New York,
NY: New York University, 204pp
(Women and femininities)
Putney, M.S. (1992) When the nation was in need: blacks in the women’s army corps during world
war II, Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, 245pp
(Gender, race and ethnicity)
Sheldon, S.P. (Ed.) (1999) Her War story: Twentieth-Century Women Write about War, Carbondale,
IL: Southern Illinois University Press, 370pp
(Women and femininities)
Shenk, G.E. (2005) “Work or ght!”: race, gender, and the draft in World War One, New York, NY:
Palgrave Macmillan, 194pp
(Gender, career and deployment)
50 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
Snyder, D.R. (2007) Sex crimes under the Wehrmacht, Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 287pp
(Gender and sexual violence as a weapon of war)
Snyder, R.C. (1999) Citizen-soldiers and manly warriors: military service and gender in the civic
republic tradition, Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littleeld, 183pp
(Masculinities)
Soderbergh, P.A. (1994) Women marines in the Korean War era, Westport, CT: Praeger, 167pp
(Women and femininities)
Soderbergh, P.A. (1992) Women Marines: The World War II Era, Westport, CT: Praeger, 1992. 189pp
(Women and femininities)
Soh, C.S. (2008) The Comfort Women: Sexual Violence and Postcolonial Memory in Korea and Japan,
Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 352pp
(Gender, tracking and prostitution)
Sto, L. (2006) They Fought for the Motherland: Russia’s Women Soldiers in World War I and the
Revolution, Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 294pp
(Women and femininities)
Streather, A. (2010) Soviet Military and Paramilitary Services: Female Uniforms 1941-1991,
Dorchester, UK: Veloce Publishing, 128pp
(Women and femininities)
Streets, H. (2004) Martial races: the military, race and masculinity in British imperial culture: 1857-
1914, Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 241pp
(Masculinities)
Stremlow, M.V. (1994) Free a Marine to Fight: Women Marines in World War II, Washington, DC:
History and Museums Division, Headquarters, US Marine Corps, 40pp
(Women and femininities)
Stremlow, M.V. (1986) A history of the Women Marines, 1946-1977, Washington, DC: History and
Museums Division, Headquarters, US Marine Corps, 250pp
(Women and femininities)
Tanaka, T. (2002) Japan’s Comfort Women: sexual slavery and prostitution during World War II and
the US occupation, London, UK: Routledge, 212pp
(Gender and tracking and prostitution)
Taylor, E. (1996) Heroines of World War II, Oxford, UK: Isis Large Print, 283pp
(Women and femininities)
Taylor, S.C. (1999) Vietnamese women at war: ghting for Ho Chi Minh and the revolution, Lawrence,
KS: University Press of Kansas, 170pp
(Women and femininities)
Toman, C. (2007) An ocer and a lady: Canadian military nursing and the Second World War,
Vancouver, BC: UBC Press, 261pp
(Gender identity and gender roles)
Turner, K.G. & Hao, P.T. (1998) Even the Women Must Fight: Memories of War from North Vietnam,
New York, NY: Wiley, 224pp
(Women in combat)
Verges, M. (1991) On silver wings: the Women Airforce Service Pilots of World War II, 1942-1944, New
York, NY: Ballantine Books, 255pp
(Women and femininities)
51
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Walker, K. (1986) A Piece of My Heart: The Stories of 26 American Women Who Served in Vietnam,
Novato, CA: Presidio Press, 350pp
(Women and femininities)
Waller, M. & Rycynga, J. (2001) Frontline Feminisms: Women, War, and Resistance, London, UK:
Routledge, 496pp
(Gender and peace building)
Weaver, G.M. (2010) Ideologies of Forgetting: Rape in the Vietnam War, Albany, NY: State University
of New York Press, 198pp
(Gender and sexual violence as a weapon of war)
Wheelwright, J. (1989) Amazons and militar y maids: women who dressed as men in the pursuit of
life, liberty, and happiness, Boston, MA: Pandora, 205pp
(Women and femininities)
Whites, L. & Young, A.P. (2009) Occupied women: gender, military occupation, and the American
Civil War, Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 256pp
(Gender, career and deployment)
Williams, M.A. (2002) A forgotten army: female munitions workers of South Wales, 1939-1945,
Cardi, UK: University of Wales Press, 294pp
(Women and femininities)
Williams, V.S. (1997) Wacs: Women’s Army Corps, Osceola, WI: Motorbooks International, 160pp
(Women and femininities)
Wingeld, N.M. & Bucur, M. (Eds.) (2006) Gender and War in Twentieth-Century Eastern Europe,
Blomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 264pp
(Women and femininities)
Wingo, J.D. (1994) Mother was a gunner’s mate: World War II in the Waves, Annapolis, MD: Naval
Institute Press, 234pp
(Women and femininities)
Witt, L. (2005) A defense weapon known to be of value: servicewomen of the Korean War era,
Hanover, NH: University Press of New England in association with the Military Women’s Press of
the Women in Military Service for America Memorial Foundation, 320pp
(Gender equality)
Yellin, E. (2004) Our mothers’ war: American women at home and at the Front during World War II,
New York, NY: Free Press, 447pp
(Women and femininities)
Yoshimi, Y. (2000) Comfort Women: sexual slavery in the Japanese military during World War II, New
York, NY: Columbia University Press, 253pp
(Gender, tracking and prostitution)
Young, H.P. (2001) Choosing Revolution: Chinese Women Soldiers on the Long March, Urbana, IL:
University of Illinois Press, 282pp
(Women and femininities)
Zeiger, S. (2004) In Uncle Sam’s service: women workers with the American Expeditionary Force,
1917-1919, Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 211pp
(Women and femininities)
52 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
n ❘ Gender and History – Reports, etc.
Becraft, C. (1990) Women in the military: 1980-1990, Washington, DC: Women’s Research and
Education Institute, 10pp
(Women and femininities)
Kovach, K. (2001) Breaking Codes, Breaking Barriers: The WACs of the Signal Security Agency, World
War II, Fort Belvoir, VA: History Oce, Oce of the Chief of Sta, US Army Intelligence and
Security Command, 49pp
(Women and femininities)
Morden, B.J. (1990) The Women’s Army Corps, 1945-1978, Washington, DC: Center of Military
History, US Army, 543pp
(Women and femininities)
Morgan, V. (1995) Peacekeepers? Peacemakers? Women in Nor thern Ireland 1969-1995,
Londonderry, UK: International Conict Research Institute, 20pp
(Gender and peace building)
US Defense Equal Opportunity Management Institute (1996) Representation of minorities and
women in the armed forces 1976-1995, Patrick AFB, FL: Defense Equal Opportunity Management
Institute, 19pp
(Women and femininities)
n ❘ Gender and History – Ph.D Theses (non-military)
Ahn, Y. (1999) Korean ‘comfort women’ and military sexual slavery in World War II [Ph.D Thesis],
Coventry, UK: University of Warwick
(Gender and tracking and prostitution)
Akers, A.T. (2000) Doing their part: the WAVES in World War II [Ph.D Thesis], Washington, DC:
Howard University, 245pp
(Women and femininities)
Babinski, S.H. (1996) Did we have to wait twenty-ve years to weep in front of a monument?:
a qualitative study of six women Vietnam veteran nurses [Ph.D Thesis], New York, NY: New York
University, 324pp
(Women and femininities)
Carpenter, S.A. (1997) At the agricultural front: the Women’s Land Army during World War II [Ph.D
Thesis], Ames, IA: Iowa State University, 345pp
(Women and femininities)
Conway, D.J. (2006) Masculinity, citizenship and political objection to compulsory military service
in the South African Defence Force, 1978-1990 [Ph.D Thesis], Grahamstown, South Africa: Rhodes
University, 181pp
(Masculinities)
Danielson, J.W. (2009) “So much for the revolution”: civil-military relations, gender, and race in
occupied North Alabama, 1862-1865 [Ph.D Thesis], Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama, 267pp
(Women and femininities)
Decker, A.C. (2007) Beyond the barrel: women, gender, and military rule in Idi Amin’s Uganda, 1971-
1979 [Ph.D Thesis], Druid Hills, GA: Emory university, 228pp
(Women and femininities)
53
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Desch, E.S. (1992) The lived experience of women military nurses in Vietnam during the Vietnam War
[Ph.D Thesis], Atlanta, GA: Georgia State University, 160pp
(Women and femininities)
Dunlavy, J.M. (2009) A band of sisters: Vietnam women veterans’ organization for rights and
recognition, 1965-1995 [Ph.D Thesis], Boston, MA: Boston University, 268pp
(Women and femininities)
Egan, M.E. (2009) Nurses challenging subordination: gender, class and religion in Britain’s Crimean
War [Ph.D Thesis], New York, NY: City University of New York, 180pp
(Gender equality)
Erichson, B.A. (2001) Violence and manhood: military culture on the northern frontier of colonial
New Spain [Ph.D Thesis], Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico, 264pp
(Gender and violence)
Fenner, L.M. (1995) Ideology and Amnesia: The Public Debate on Women in the American Military,
1940-1973 [Ph.D Thesis], Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan, 631pp
(Attitudes towards women in the military)
Gaskins, S.T. (1994) G.I. nurses at war: gender and professionalization in the Army Nurse Corps
during World War II [Ph.D Thesis], Riverside, CA: University of California, 373pp
(Women and femininities)
Gertjejanssen, W.J. (2004) Victims, heroes, survivors: sexual violence on the Eastern Front during
World War II [Ph.D Thesis], Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota, 401pp
(Gender and sexual violence as a weapon of war)
Glasco, J.D. (2002) “We are a neglected set”: masculinity, mutiny, and revolution in the Royal Navy of
1797 [Ph.D Thesis], Phoenix, AZ: University of Arizona, 540pp
(Masculinities)
Gould, J.M. (1988) The Women’s Corps: the establishment of women’s military services in Britain
[Ph.D Thesis], London, UK: University of London, 486pp
(Women and femininities)
Graves, M.A. (1992) Comrades in (each other’s) arms: male bonding in select novels of World War I
[Ph.D Thesis], Bowling Green, OH: Bowling Green State University, 274pp
(Masculinities)
Hay, D.J. (2000) The campaigns of Countess Matilda of Canossa (1046-1115): an analysis of the
history and social signicance of a woman’s military leadership [Ph.D Thesis], Toronto, ON:
University of Toronto, 198pp
(Gender and leadership)
Hilde, L.R. (2003) Worth a dozen men: women, nursing, and medical care during the American Civil
War [Ph.D Thesis], Harvard University, 698pp
(Women and femininities)
Hussey, M.J. (2002) “Do you know what it means when a man uses another man as a woman?”:
sodomy, gender, class, and power in the United States navy, 1890-1925 [Ph.D Thesis], College Park,
MD: University of Maryland, 290pp
(Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) issues)
Jackson, P. (2003) Courting homosexuals in the military: the management of homosexuality in the
Canadian military, 1939-1945 [Ph.D Thesis], Kingston, ON: Queen’s University,
(Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) issues)
54 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
Janda, R.L. (1998) Stronger than custom: West Point and the admission of women, 1972-1980 [Ph.D
Thesis], Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma, 280pp
(Gender and military education)
Kirkland, M.A.V. (2009) Daughters of Athena: American women in the military during World War II
[Ph.D Thesis], Fort Worth, TX: Texas Christian University
(Women and femininities)
Land, I.E. (1999) Domesticating the maritime: culture, masculinity, and empire in Britain, 1770-1820
[Ph.D Thesis], Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan, 284pp
(Masculinities)
MacIsaac, P.L. (1999) To suer and to serve: British military dependents, patriotism and gender in the
great war [Ph.D Thesis], Hamilton, ON: McMaster University, 298pp
(Gender identity and gender roles)
Martin, B. (2003) Uniform manhood: Napoléonic friendship and military literature in France from
Balzac, Stendhal, and Hugo, to Zola and Proust [Ph.D Thesis], Cambridge, MA: Harvard University,
650pp
(Masculinities)
Matthews, I. (1990) Women, writing, and war [Ph.D Thesis], Davis, CA: University of California, 299pp
(Women and femininities)
Meyer, L.D. (1993) Creating G.I. Jane: the Women’s Army Corps during WWII [Ph.D Thesis], Madison,
WI: University of Wisconsin, 609pp
(Women and femininities)
Moon, K.H.S. (1994) International relations and women: a case study of US-Korea camptown
prostitution, 1971-76 [Ph.D Thesis], Princeton, NJ: Princeton University, 384pp
(Gender, tracking and prostitution)
Norman, E.M. (1986) Nurses in war: a study of female militar y nurses who served in Vietnam during
the war years 1965-1973 [Ph.D Thesis], New York, NY: New York University, 172pp
(Women and femininities)
O’Neill, T.M. (2003) “I wanted to do something for the country”: experiences of military nurses in
World War II [Ph.D Thesis], Miami, FL: University of Miami, 196pp
(Women and femininities)
Pennington, R. (2000) Women and military aviation in the Second World War: a comparative study
of the USA and USSR, 1941-1945 [Ph.D Thesis], Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina, 369pp
(Gender, career and deployment)
Peoples, S.M. (2008) Military uniforms in the eighteenth century: gender, power and politics [Ph.D
Thesis], Acton, ACT: Australian National University, 275pp
(Masculinities)
Pfau, A.E. (2001) Miss Yourlovin: women in the culture of American World War II soldiers [Ph.D
Thesis], New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University, 236pp
(Gender identity and gender roles)
Reed, M.E. (1980) Croatian women in the Yugoslav Partisan resistance, 1941-1945 [Ph.D Thesis],
Berkeley, CA: University of California, 244pp
(Women and femininities)
55
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Rhoades, M.K. (2001) “No safe women”: prostitution, masculinity, and disease in France during the
Great War [Ph.D Thesis], Iowa City, IA: University of Iowa, 180pp
(Gender, tracking and prostitution)
Rosales, S. (2007) Soldados razos: Chicano politics, identity, and masculinity in the US military, 1940-
1975 [Ph.D Thesis], Irvine, CA: University of California, 262pp
(Masculinities)
Salas, E. (1987) Soldaderas in the Mexican military: myth and history [Ph.D Thesis], Los Angeles, CA:
University of California, 304pp
(Women in combat)
Scannell-Desch, E. (1992) The lived experience of women military nurses in Vietnam during the
Vietnam War [Ph.D Thesis], Atlanta, GA: Georgia State University, 160pp
(Women and femininities)
Schoonmacher, L.L. (1983) The history and development of the programs of physical education,
intercollegiate athletics, intramurals and recreational sports for women at the United States military
service academies [Ph.D Thesis], Columbus, OH: Ohio State University, 276pp
(Gender and military education)
Schönberger, B. (2002) Mobilising Etappenhelferinnen for service with the military: gender regimes
in First World War Germany [Ph.D Thesis], Oxford, UK: University of Oxford, 325pp
(Women and femininities)
Shenk, G.E. (1992) Work or ght: selective service and manhood in the progressive era [Ph.D Thesis],
San Diego, CA: University of California, 673pp
(Masculinities)
Sims-Wood, J. (1994) “We ser ved America too!”: personal recollections of African Americans in the
Women’s Army Corps during World War II [Ph.D Thesis], Cincinnati, OH: Union Institute & University,
290pp
(Gender, race and ethnicity)
Smith, N.B. (1981) The women who went to the war: the Union Army nurse in the Civil War [Ph.D
Thesis], Chigago, IL: Northwestern University
(Women and femininities)
Snyder, R.C. (1997) Citizens’ militias and “armed masculinity”: the citizen-soldier ideal and gender in
the civic republican tradition [Ph.D Thesis], New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University, 287pp
(Gender identity and gender roles)
Taipale, E.S. (2004) Soldiers without guns: creating the imagery of women soldiers of the Vietnam
War era, 1962-1993 [Ph.D Thesis], Stony Brook, NY: State University of New York, 431pp
(Gender identity and gender roles)
Takeuchi, M. (2009) Pan-Pan girls and GIs: the Japan-US military prostitution system in occupied
Japan (1945-1952) [Ph.D Thesis], Los Angeles, CA: University of California, 205pp
(Gender, tracking and prostitution)
Toman, C. (2003) “Ocers and ladies”: Canadian Nursing Sisters, women’s work, and the Second
World War [Ph.D Thesis], Ottawa, ON: University of Ottawa, 450pp
(Gender stereotypes)
Vuic, K.D. (2006) “Ocer. Nurse. Woman.”: dening gender in the United States Army Nurse Corps in
56 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
the Vietnam War [Ph.D Thesis], Bloomington, IN: Indiana University, 392pp
(Gender identity and gender roles)
Wright, C.E. (2000) The home to the Army: Union soldiers, gender, and the response to suering
during the US Civil War [Ph.D Thesis], Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin, 525pp
(Gender identity and gender roles)
n ❘ Gender and History – Ph.D & Master Theses (military)
Crockford, V.A. (2003) Oveta Culp Hobby and her “lieutenants”: transformational leadership in
action in the Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps of World War II [Master Thesis], Fort Leavenworth, KS:
US Army Command and General Sta College, 89pp
(Gender and leadership)
Calene, M.L. (1975) Changing acceptable occupations for military and civilian women: the eects of
two World Wars [Master Thesis], Monterey, CA: US Naval Postgraduate School, 62pp
(Gender, career and deployment)
Greene, J.M. (1980) Utilization of women in the Navy: a study of historic and current employment
practices [Master Thesis], Monterey, CA: US Naval Postgraduate School, 118pp
(Gender, career and deployment)
Sentek, J.M. (1997) “Women at war”: recruiting images of the CWAC 1942-1945 [Master Thesis],
Kingston, ON: Royal Military College of Canada, 133pp
(Women and femininities)
Shadrock, S.L. (2007) Women in the US Army: a quiet revolution in military aairs [Monograph],
Fort Leavenworth, KS: US Army Command and General Sta College, 154pp
(Women and femininities)
Spencer, E. (2006) Lipstick and high heels: war and the feminization of women in Chatelaine
magazine, 1928-1956 [Ph.D Thesis], Kingston, ON: Royal Military College of Canada, 265pp
(Gender stereotypes)
n ❘ Gender and Injury – Journal Articles
Amoroso, P.J., Bell, N.S. & Jones, B.H. (1997) Injury among female and male army parachutists,
Aviation Space and Environmental Medicine,68(11), pp. 1006-1011
Bar-Dayan, Y., Gam, A., Goldstein, L., Karmon, Y., Mintser, I., Grotto, I., Guri, A., Goldberg, A., Ohana,
N., Onn, E., Levi, Y. & Bar-Dayan, Y. (2005) Comparison of stress fractures of male and female
recruits during basic training in the Israeli anti-aircraft forces, Military Medicine, 170(8), pp. 710-
712
Beck, T.J., Ru, C.B., Shaer, R.A., Betsinger, K., Trone, D.W. & Brodine, S.K. (2000) Stress fracture in
military recruits: Gender dierences in muscle and bone susceptibility factors, BONE, 27(3), pp.
437-444
Bell, N.S., Amoroso, P.J., Yore, M.M., Smith, G.S. & Jones, B.H. (2000) Self-reported risk-taking
behaviors and hospitalization for motor vehicle injury among active duty army personnel,
American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 18(3), pp. 85-95
Gender and Injury
57
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Bell, N.S., Mangione, T.W., Hemenway, D., Amoroso, P.J. & Jones, B.H. (2000) High injury rates
among female army trainees - A function of gender?, American Journal of Preventive Medicine,
18(3), pp. 141-146
Bergman, B.P. & Miller, S.A.S. (2001) Equal opportunities, equal risks? Overuse injuries in female
military recruits, Journal of Public Health Medicine, 23(1), pp. 35-39
(Gender equality)
Bijur, P.E., Horodyski, M., Egerton, W., Kurzon, M., Lifrak, S. & Friedman, S. (1997) Comparison of
injury during cadet basic training by gender, Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 151(5),
pp. 456-461
Canham, M.L., Knapik, J.J., Smutok, M.A. & Jones, B.H. (1998) Training, Physical Performance,
and Injuries among Men and Women Preparing for Occupations in the Army, Advances in
Occupational Ergonomics and Safety, 711-714
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Deuster, P.A. & Jones, B.H. (1997) Patterns and risk factors for exercise-related injuries in women:
A military perspective, Military Medicine, 162(10), pp. 649-655
Feuerstein, M., Berkowitz, S.M. & Peck Jr, C.A. (1997) Musculoskeletal-Related Disability in US Army
Personnel: Prevalence, Gender, and Military Occupational Specialties, Journal of Occupational &
Environmental Medicine, 39(1), pp. 68-78
Finestone, A., Milgrom, C., Evans, R., Yanovich, R., Constantini, N. & Moran, D.S. (2008) Overuse
Injuries in Female Infantry Recruits during Low-Intensity Basic Training, Medicine and Science in
Sports and Exercise, 40(11),pp. S630-S635
Friedl, K.E., Patience, T.H., Nuovo, J.A. & Dettori, J.R. (1992) Factors Associated with Stress-Fracture
in Young Army Women – Indications for Further Research, Military Medicine, 157(7), pp. 334-338
Gam, A., Goldstein, L., Karmon, Y. & Mintser, I. (2005) Comparison of Stress Fractures of Male and
Female Recruits during Basic Training in the Israeli Anti-Aircraft Forces, Military Medicine, 170(8),
pp. 710-712
Geary, K.G., Irvine, D. & Croft, A.M. (2002) Does military service damage females? An analysis
of medical discharge data in the British armed forces, Occupational Medicine-Oxford, 52(2), pp.
85-90
Gemmell, I.M.M. (2002) Injuries among female army recruits: A conict of legislation, Journal of
the Royal Society of Medicine, 95(1), pp. 23-27
Hadid, A., Evans, R.K., Yanovich, R., Luria, O. & Moran, D.S. (2008) Motivation, cohesion, satisfaction,
and their relation to stress fracture among female military recruits, European Journal of Applied
Physiology, 104(2), pp. 329-335
Henderson, N.E. (2000) Injuries and injury risk factors among men and women in US Army
combat medic advanced individual training, Military Medicine, 165(9), pp. 647-652
Jones, B.H., Bovee, M.W., Harris, J.M. & Cowan, D.N. (1993) Intrinsic Risk-Factors for Exercise-
Related Injuries among Male and Female Army Trainees, American Journal of Sports Medicine,
21(5), pp. 705-710
Kelly, E.W., Jonson, S.R., Cohen, M.E. & Shaer, R. (2000) Stress fractures of the pelvis in female
navy recruits: An analysis of possible mechanisms of injury, Military Medicine, 165(2), pp. 142-146
58 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
Knapik, J.J., Sharp, M.A., Canham-Chervak, M., Hauret, K., Patton, J.F. & Jones, B.H. (2001) Risk
factors for training-related injuries among men and women in basic combat training, Medicine
and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(6), pp. 946-954
Lappe, J.M., Stegman, M.R. & Recker, R.R. (2001) The Impact of Lifestyle Factors on Stress Fractures
in Female Army Recruits, Osteoporosis International, 12(1), pp. 35-42
Lauder, T.D., Dixit, S., Pezzin, L.E., Williams, M.V., Campbell, C.S. & Davis, G.D. (2000) The relation
between stress fractures and bone mineral density: evidence from active-duty Army women,
Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 81(1), pp. 73-79
Levy, C. (2008) Gender Factors Contributing to Performance and Musculoskeletal Injury in
Military Recruits Introduction, Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 40(11), pp. S608-S608
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Moran, D.S., Israeli, E., Evans, R.K., Yanovich, R., Constantini, N., Shabshin, N., Merkel, D., Luria, O.,
Erlich, T. & Laor, A. (2008) Prediction Model for Stress Fracture in Young Female Recruits during
Basic Training, Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 40(11),pp. S636-S644
Nelson, B.J., Uhorchak, J.M., LeBoeuf, M.K. & Taylor, D.C. (1999) Physical training and injury in
female cadets at the United States Military Academy, Connecticut Medicine, 63(11), pp. 653-655
Protzman, R.R. & Gris, C.G. (1977) Stress fractures in men and women undergoing military
training, The Journal of bone and joint surgery, 59(6), p. 825
Schoomaker, E.B. (2008) Gender Factors Contributing to Performance and Musculoskeletal
Injury in Military Recruits Introduction, Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 40(11), pp.
S607-S607
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Shaer, R.A., Rauh, M.J., Brodine, S.K., Trone, D.W. & Macera, C.A. (2006) Predictors of stress
fracture susceptibility in young female recruits, American Journal of Sports Medicine, 34(1), pp.
108-115
Shaer, R.A., Brodine, S.K., Ito, S.I. & Le, A.T. (1999) Epidemiology of illness and injury among US
Navy and Marine Corps female training populations, Military Medicine, 164(1), pp. 17-21
Strowbridge, N.F. (2002) Musculoskeletal injuries in female soldiers: analysis of cause and type of
injury, Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps, 148(3), pp. 256-258
Sulsky, S.I., Mundt, K.A., Bigelow, C. & Amoroso, P.J. (2002) Risk factors for occupational knee
related disability among enlisted women in the US Army, Occupational and Environmental
Medicine, 59(9), pp. 601-607
Sulsky, S.I., Mundt, K.A., Bigelow, C. & Amoroso, P.J. (2000) Case-control study of discharge from
the US, army for disabling occupational knee injury - The role of gender, race/ethnicity, and age,
American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 18(3), pp. 103-111
Tiesman, H.M., Peek-Asa, C.L., Zwerling, C.S., Sprince, N.L. & Amoroso, P.J. (2007) Occupational
and Non-Occupational Injuries in the United States Army: Focus on Gender, American Journal of
Preventive Medicine, 33(6), pp. 464-470
Trone, D.W., Villaseñor, A. & Macera, C.A. (2007) Negative First-Term Outcomes Associated with
Lower Extremity Injury during Recruit Training among Female Marine Corps Graduates, Military
Medicine, 172(1), pp. 83-89
59
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n ❘ Gender and Injury – Reports, etc.
Institute of Medicine (US) - Committee on Body Composition, Nutrition, and Health of Military
Women (1998) Reducing Stress Fracture in Physically Active Military Women, Washington, DC:
National Academy Press, 117pp
Reynolds, K.R., Cline, A., White, J., Jezior, D. & Gaul, M. (1998) Injury and Illness Incidence and Risk
Factors in Female Enlisted Basic Trainees and Female Ocer Basic Trainees, Natick, MA: US Army
Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 86pp
Shafer, R.A. (1996) Epidemiology of Illness, Injury, and Attrition Among Select US Military Female
Populations, San Diego, CA: Naval Health Research Center, 32pp
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Shafer, R.A. (1996) Use of Noninvasive Bone Structural Measurements to Evaluate Stress Fracture
Susceptibility Among Female Recruits in US Marine Corps Basic Training: Individual Proles of Stress
Fracture Susceptibility Among Female Recruits in US Marine Corps Basic Training, San Diego, CA:
Naval Health Research Center, 51pp
Trone, D.W. (2004) First-Term Outcomes Associated With Lower Extremity Injury in Female Marine
Corps Recruits: A Historical Prospective Study, San Diego, CA: Naval Health Research Center, 22pp
n ❘ Gender and Injury – Ph.D Theses (non-military)
Cline, A.D. (1993) Stress fractures in female Army recruits: implications of exercise, calcium intake
and bone density [Ph.D Thesis], Fort Collins, CO: Colorado State University, 158pp
(Gender, nutrition and eating disorders)
n ❘ Gender and Leadership – Journal articles
Anderson, N., Lievens, F., van Dam, K. & Born, M. (2006) A construct-driven investigation of
gender dierences in a leadership-role assessment center, Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(3),
pp. 555-566
Bartone, P.T., Snook, S.A. & Tremble Jr., T.R. (2002) Cognitive and Personality Predictors of Leader
Performance in West Point Cadets, Military Psychology, 14(4), pp. 321-338
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Coye, B.F., Denby, S.P., Hooper, C.C. & Mullen K.A. (1973) Is There Room for Women in Navy
Management? An Attitudinal Survey, Naval War College Review, pp. 69–87
(Gender, career and deployment)
Doll, Y. (2008) Leadership Success Strategies of US Army Women General Ocers, Military Review,
88(5), pp. 77-83
(Gender, career and deployment)
Gibson, S.G. (2005) Perceptions of US Military Leadership: Are All Leaders Created Equally?, Equal
Opportunities International, 24(2), pp. 1-18
Looney, J., Kurpius, S.E.R. & Lucart, L. (2004) Military Leadership Evaluations: Eects of Evaluator
Gender and Leadership
60 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
Sex, Leader Sex, and Gender Role Attitudes, Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice & Research,
56(2), pp. 104-118
(Gender identity and gender roles)
Loughlin, C. & Arnold, K.A. (2007) Seeking the best: Leadership lessons from the military, Human
Resource Management, 46(1), pp. 147-167
McGee, M.L. (1997) Leveraging gender dierences in executive-level leaders: a woman’s road
map to competitive advantage, Minerva: Quarterly Report on Women and the Military, 15, pp. 31-
46
Morgan, M.J. (2004) Women in a man’s world: Gender dierences in leadership at the military
academy, Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 34(12), pp. 2482-2502
(Gender, career and deployment)
Moxley, W.T. (1999) Leadership Considerations and Lessons Learned in a Mixed Gender
Environment, Minerva: Quarterly Report on Women and the Military, 17(3-4), pp. 58-67
Phillips, K. & Rejai M. (1994) Women as Leaders: A Research Note, Journal of Political and Military
Sociology, 22(2), pp. 343-350
(Gender, career and deployment)
Rice, R.W., Instone, D. & Adams, J. (1984) Leader sex, leader success, and leadership process: Two
eld studies, Journal of Applied Psychology, 69(1), pp. 12-31
Rice, R.W., Yoder, J.D., Adams, J., Priest, R.F. & Prince II, H.T. (1984) Leadership ratings for male and
female military cadets, Sex Roles, 10(11-12), pp. 885-901
Rueb, J.D., Erskine, H.J. & Foti, R.J. (2008) Intelligence, Dominance, Masculinity, and Self-Monitoring:
Predicting Leadership Emergence in a Military Setting, Military Psychology, 20(4), pp. 237-252
Shamir, B. & Ben-Ari, E. (2000) Challenges of Military Leadership in Changing Armies, Journal of
Political & Military Sociology, 28(1), pp. 43-59
Stevens, G. & Gardner, S. (1987) But can she command a ship? Acceptance of women by peers at
the coast guard academy, Sex Roles, 16(3-4), pp. 181-188
(Gender and military education)
Vecchio, R.P. & Brazil, D.M. (2007) Leadership and sex-similarity: A comparison in a military
setting, Personnel Psychology, 60(2), pp. 303-335
Watkins, G.L. & Bourg, M.C. (1997) The eects of gender on cadet selection for leadership
positions at the United States Military Academy, Minerva: Quarterly Report on Women and the
Military, 15, pp. 63-81
(Gender and military education)
West, S.A. (2007) Female Command Presence: Dierent Problems, Dierent Powers, Journal of
the American Academy of Psychoanalysis and Dynamic Psychiatry, 35(1), pp. 85-95
Wingrove-Haugland, E. (1997) How can male leaders promote sexual equality in military
academies?, Minerva: Quarterly Report on Women and the Military, 15, pp. 47-62
Yoder, J.D. (1983) Another look at women in the united states army: A comment on Woelfel’s
article, Sex Roles, 9(3), pp. 285-288
(Gender and military education)
61
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n ❘ Gender and Leadership – Reports, etc.
Australia Army General Sta, Department of Defence (1993) Leadership consideration: mixed-
gender service in army, Canberra, ACT: Directorate of Departmental Publications, Human
Resources and Management Division, 15pp
Rachford, D.C. (1985) Gender Analysis of the Professional Development of Ocers Study (PDOS)
Survey, Alexandria, VA: US Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences, 96pp
Scott, K.A. (2003) Universal or gender-specic?: exploring military leadership from a subordinate
perspective: a proposal, Toronto: Defense Research & Development Canada, 41pp
Straver, Michelle (2010) Analysis of women in naval ocer occupations, Ottawa, ON: Director
General Military Personnel Research, 56pp
Thomas, P.J. (1980) Factors Aecting the Management of Navy Women, San Diego, CA: Navy
Personnel Research and Development Center
n ❘ Gender and Leadership – Ph.D Theses (non-military)
Dunn, M.D. (2006) The British army ocer: a study into leadership and gender [Ph.D Thesis], Bristol,
UK: University of Bristol
Gomez, R.V.A. (2003) Daedalus’ daughters: the Army Air Forces and its women pilots [Ph.D Thesis],
Washington, DC: George Washington University, 466pp
Kellet-Forsyth, S.P. (2003) A study of female commanders in the United States Army: culture,
command and the women who lead [Ph.D Thesis], Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma, 163pp
Looney, J.P. (2004) Military Leadership Evaluations: Eects of Sex, Leadership Style and Gender-Role
Attitudes [Ph.D Thesis], Tempe, AZ: Arizona State University 106pp
(Attitudes towards women in the military)
Nosco, M.L. (2009) The last WACs: A case study of women in leadership focusing on women in the
last direct commissioning class of the Women’s Army Corps [Ed.D Thesis], Des Moines, IA: Drake
University, 312pp
(Gender and military education)
Puanani, S. (2003) A study of female commanders in the United States Army: culture, command and
the women who lead [Ph.D Thesis], Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma, 163pp
Rueb, J.D. (1994) Intelligence, dominance, masculinity-femininity, and self-monitoring: the use of
traits in predicting leadership emergence in a military setting [Ph.D Thesis], Blacksburg, VI: Virginia
Polytechnic Institute and State University, 102pp
(Gender identity and gender roles)
Stone, M.A. (2009) A quantitative study of perceptions of female Air Force leaders [D.M. Thesis],
Phoenix, AZ: University of Phoenix, 133pp
(Attitudes towards women in the military)
Valentine, M.B.T. (1993) An investigation of gender-based leadership styles of male and female
ocers in the United States Army [D.P.A. Thesis], Fairfax, VA: George Mason University, 212pp
Walker, K.M. (2008) Women leading men: A look into the phenomenon of leadership from the
perspective of women ocers in the military [Ph.D Thesis], Minneapolis, MN: Capella University, 162pp
62 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
Walsh, K.C. (2006) Oveta Culp Hobby: a transformational leader from the Texas legislature to
Washington DC [Ph.D Thesis], Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina, 199pp
n ❘ Gender and Leadership – Ph.D & Master Theses (military)
Bird, M.E. (1997) Leadership, Training, and Gender Inuences on Team Decision Making [Master
Thesis], Wright-Pattersson AFB, OH: Air Force Institute of Technology, 50pp
(Gender, operational and organizational eectiveness)
Colakoglu, Y. (1998) Recommendations of rules, regulations, and codes for managing the female
ocers in the Turkish Navy [Master Thesis], Monterey, CA: US Naval Postgraduate School, 134pp
Currin, S. (2009) Turning Aspirations into Reality: Ensuring Female and Minority Representation in
the US Air Force Ocer Corps and Senior Leader Ranks [Master Thesis], Maxwell AFB, AL: US Air
University, 96pp
Kellet-Forsyth, S.P. (1993) Study of the relationship between leadership style and gender [Master
Thesis], Fort Leavenworth, KS: US Army Command and General Sta College, 102pp
Kelley, M.J.M. (1997) Gender Dierences and Leadership: A Study [Master Thesis], Maxwell AFB, AL:
US Air University, 52pp
Rea, C.L. (1983) An analysis of subordinates’ perceptions of the eectiveness of female supervisors in the
Air Force [Master Thesis], Wright-Patterson AFB, OH: US Air Force Institute of Technology, 147pp
Setili, C.M. (2001) Windows in the ceiling ... leadership advice and strategies from
successful female executives [Master Thesis], Monterey, CA: US Naval Postgraduate School, 87pp
n ❘ Gender and Military Education – Journal Articles
Adams, J. (1984) Women at West Point: A Three-Year Perspective, Sex Roles, 11(5-6), pp. 525-541
Clark, A.P. (1977) Women at the Service Academies and Combat Leadership, Strategic Review,
5(4), pp. 64-73
(Gender and leadership)
Cuin, M.A. & Reynaldo, A.P. (2006) The First Women Pilots in the Brazilian Air Force, Air & Space
Power Journal, 20(1), pp. 48-50
DeFleur, L.B. & Gillman, D. (1978) Cadet Beliefs, Attitudes, and Interactions During the Early
Phase of Sex Integration, Youth & Society, 10(2), pp. 165-190
(Attitudes towards women in the military)
Epstein, C.F. (1998) Great Divides: Deceptive Distinctions and Rhetorical Strategies in the VMI
and Citadel Cases, Gender Issues, 16(1-2), pp. 34-46
Farkas, T. (1999) Training of Women Ocers, Minerva: Quarterly Report on Women and the Military,
17, pp. 74-77
Gender and Military Education
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Good, J.E. & Klein, K.M. (1989) Women in the Military Academies – United States Navy, Physician
and Sportsmedicine, 17(2), pp. 99-102
Gurney, T.C. (1998) The Aftermath of the Virginia Military Institute Decision: Will Single-Gender
Education Survive?, Santa Clara Law Review, 38(4), pp. 1183-1222
Kimmel, M. (2000) Saving the males: The sociological implications of the Virginia Military Institute
and the Citadel, Gender & Society, 14(4), pp. 494-516
(Masculinities)
Laszlo, C.I. (1999) Training Possibilities for Women, Minerva: Quarterly Report on Women and the
Military, 17, pp. 78-84
Levin, T. & Miller-Goeder, J. (1984) Feminist Teaching in a Military Setting: Co-optation or
Subversion?, Women’s Studies Quarterly, 12(2), pp. 13-15
Neuberger, C.M. (1978) Women Entering the United States Naval Academy Environment: Their
Expectations and Likely Fit, Journal of the NAWDAC, 42(1), pp. 29-35
Petosa, S. (1989) Women in the Military Academies: US Air Force Academy, Physician and
Sportsmedicine, 17(3), pp. 133-136 & 139-140
Ponte, L.M. (1991) Waldie Answered: Equal Protection and the Admissions of Women to Military
Colleges and Academies, New England Law Review, 25(4), pp. 1137-1160
(Gender integration)
Prather, R.E. (1994) Equal-protection implications of Single Gender Military Colleges, Journal of
Law & Education, 23(4), pp. 629-635
(Gender integration)
Priest, R.F. (1978) The First Coed Class at West Point: Performance and Attitudes, Youth and
Society, 10(2), pp. 205-224
(Attitudes towards women in the military)
Rosen, J. (1996) Like Race, Like Gender?: It’s a rst-wave feminist’s nightmare, a second-waver’s
paradise and a third-waver’s opportunity. Will the Virginia Military Institute and the Virginia
Women’s Institute for Leadership resurrect separate but equal?, New Republic, (4231), pp. 21-27
(Gender equality)
Rottman, M. (1985) Women Graduates of the US Coast Guard Academy: Views from the Bridge,
Armed Forces & Society, 11(2), pp. 249-270
Russo, C.J. & Scollay, S.J. (1993) All Male State-Funded Military Academies: Anachronism or
Necessary Anomaly?, West’s Education Law Quarterly, 2(4), pp. 533-539
(Gender integration)
Schwarzwald, J., Amir, Y. & Crain, R.L. (1992) Long-Term Eects of School Desegregation
Experiences on Interpersonal Relations in the Israeli Defense Forces, Personality and Social
Psychology Bulletin, 18(3), pp. 357-368
(Gender integration)
Siskind, T.G. & Kearns, S.P. (1997) Gender bias in the evaluation of female faculty at The Citadel: A
qualitative analysis, Sex Roles, 37(7-8), pp. 495-425
Skaggs, J.M. (1998) Justifying gender-based armative action under United States v. Virginia’s
64 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
“exceedingly persuasive justication” standard, California Law Review, 86(5), pp. 1169-1210
Stokes, J.W.D. & Groves, A.W. (1990) Embattled All Male Admissions Policy at VMI: Will the Fort
Fall?, West’s Education Law Reporter, 61(2), pp. 417-430
Visser, D. (2002) Image and identity in military education: a perspective on the South African
Military Academy, Society in Transition, 33(1), pp. 173-186
Webster, E.G., Booth, R.F., Graham, W.K. & Alf, E.F. (1978) A Sex Comparison of Factors Related to
Success in Naval Hospital Corps School, Personnel Psychology, 31(1), pp. 95-106
(Gender, career and deployment)
Welch, M.J. (1989) Women in the Military Academies: US Army, Physician and Sportsmedicine,
17(4), pp. 89-92 & pp. 95-96
n ❘ Gender and Military Education – Books
Brodie, L.F. (2000) Breaking Out: VMI and the Coming of Women, New York, NY: Pantheon Books,
250pp
(Gender integration)
Cynoweth, E.W. (1996) Women at West Point and all that: a bedside reader, Sanger, CA, 304pp
Disher, S.H. (1998) First Class: Women Join the Ranks at the Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD: US
Naval Institute Press, 362pp
Janda, R.L. (2001) Stronger than Custom: West Point and the Admission of Women, Westport, CT:
Praeger, 272pp
Stiehm, J.H. (1981) Bring me men and women: mandated change at the US Air Force Academy,
Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 348pp
Strum, P. (2004) Women in the Barracks: The VMI Case and Equal Rights, Lawrence, KA: University
Press of Kansas, 428pp
n ❘ Gender and Military Education – Reports, etc.
BPI Information Services (1994) Gender and Racial Disparities at the Air Force Academy, Lancaster,
PA: BPI Information Services, 62pp
BPI Information Services (1994) Gender and Racial Disparities at West Point Military Academy,
Lancaster, PA: BPI Information Services, 64pp
Durning, K.P. (1978) Women at the Naval Academy: the rst year of integration, San Diego, CA:
Navy Personnel Research and Development Center, 39pp
Lerner, L. & Nagai, A.K. (1998) Preferences at the service academies: Racial, ethnic and gender
preferences in admissions to the US Military Academy and the US Naval Academy, Washington, DC:
Center for Equal Opportunity, 19pp
US General Accounting Oce (1994) Military Academy: Gender and Racial Disparities, Washington,
DC: US General Accounting Oce, 63pp
US General Accounting Oce (1993) Air Force Academy: gender and racial disparities, Washington,
DC: US General Accounting Oce, 62pp
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US General Accounting Oce (1993) Naval Academy: gender and racial disparities, Washington,
DC: US General Accounting Oce, 68pp
US Military Academy (1992) The United States Military Academy Report on the Integration and
Performance of Women At West Point, West Point, NY: United States Military Academy
n ❘ Gender and Military Education – Ph.D Theses (non-military)
Fitzgerald, C.L. (1996) Analysis of Female Attrition from Marine Corps Ocer Candidate School
[Master Thesis], Monterey, CA: US Naval Postgraduate School, 149pp
Lewis, J.R. & Lewis, S.F. (2005) Gender Representation Trends and Relations at the United States
Naval Academy [Master Thesis], Monterey, CA: US Naval Postgraduate School, 115pp
Morris, S.A. (2001) Barriers to female ocers cadets’ education at the Royal Military College of
Canada [Master Thesis], Kingston, ON: Royal Military College of Canada, 122pp
(Gender equality)
Truesdale, L.M. (1998) Navy Recruit Training as a Gendering Process [Master Thesis], Monterey, CA:
US Naval Postgraduate School, 114pp
(Gender identity and gender roles)
n ❘ Gender and Peace Building – Journal Articles
Abu-Saba, M.B. (1999) Human Needs and Women Peace building in Lebanon, Peace and Conict,
Journal of Peace Psychology, 5(1), pp. 37-51
Anderson, L. (2010) Politics by Other Means: When does Sexual Violence Threaten International
Peace and Security?, International Peacekeeping, 17(2), pp. 244-260
(Gender and sexual violence as a weapon of war)
Antone, H.S. (2005) Peace-building for women and children in Asia, Ecumenical Review, 57(2), pp.
179-184
Bridges, D. & Horsfall, D. (2009) Increasing Operational Eectiveness in UN Peacekeeping: Toward
a Gender-Balanced Force, Armed Forces & Society, 36(1), pp. 120-130
Charlesworth, H. (2008) Are Women Peaceful? Reections on the Role of Women in Peace-
Building, Feminist Legal Studies, 16(3), pp. 347-361
Chinkin, C. & Charlesworth, H. (2006) Building women into peace: the international legal
framework, Third World Quarterly, 27(5) pp. 937-957
Cockburn, C. (2010) Gender Relations as Causal in Militarization and War, International Feminist
Journal of Politics, 12(2), pp. 139-157
(Masculinities)
Cook, B.W. (1984) Feminism and Peace Research: Thoughts on Alternative Strategy, Women’s
Studies Quarterly, 12(2), pp. 18-19
Gender and Peace Building
66 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
Cook, C. & Winslow, D. (2007) The role of gender in civil-military cooperation: A unique
opportunity for change, Peace and Conict Studies, 14(1), pp. 58-72
Corrin, J. (2008) Ples Bilong Mere: Law, Gender and Peace-Building in Solomon Islands, Feminist
Legal Studies, 16(2), pp. 169-194
Cowell-Meyers, K. (2001) Gender, power, and peace: A preliminary look at women in the Northern
Ireland assembly, Women & Politics, 23(3), pp. 55-88
Cupples, J. (2004) Counter-Revolutionary Women: Gender and Reconciliation in Post-War
Nicaragua, Gender and Development, 12(3), pp. 8-18
de la Rey, C. & McKay, S. (2006) Peace building as a gendered process, Journal of Social Issues,
62(1), pp. 141-153
Dolgopol, U. (2006) Women and peace building - What we can learn from the Arusha Peace
Agreement, Australian Feminist Studies, 21(50), pp. 257-273
El-Bushra, J. & Piza-Lopez, E. (1993) Working on Gender in Conict Situations: Some Ideas on
Strategy, Focus on Gender, 1(2), pp. 15-16
Fuest, V. (2008) ‘This is the time to get in front’: Changing roles and opportunities for women in
Liberia, African Aairs, 107(427), pp. 201-224
Gizelis, T.I. (2009) Gender Empowerment and United Nations Peace building, Journal of Peace
Research, 46(4), pp. 505-523
Gross, E. (1999) Feminist “Peacekeepers”, Alia: Journal of Women & Social Work, 14(4), pp. 397-399
Hadjipavlou, M. & Cockburn, C. (2006) Women in projects of co-operation for peace:
Methodologies of external intervention in Cyprus, Women’s Studies International Forum, 29(5),
pp. 521-533
Harris, S. (2004) Gender, Participation, and Post-Conict Planning in Northern Sri Lanka, Gender
and Development, 12(3), pp. 60-69
Higate, P. (2007) Peacekeepers, masculinities, and sexual exploitation, Men and Masculinities,
10(1), pp. 99-119
(Gender and sexual violence as a weapon of war)
Higate, P. & Henry, M. (2004) Engendering (in)security in peace support operations, Security
Dialogue, 35(4), pp. 481-498
Hinton, R., Kopi, M., Apa, A., Sil, A., Kini, M., Kai, J., Guman, Y. & Cowley, D. (2008) The Kup Women
for Peace approach to peace building: taking the lead in the Papua New Guinea national
elections, Gender & Development, 16(3), pp. 523-533
Hudson, H. (2009) Peace building Through a Gender Lens and the Challenges of Implementation
in Rwanda and Cote d’Ivoire, Security Studies, 18(2), pp. 287-318
Kalungu-Banda, A. (2004) Post-Conict Programmes for Women: Lessons from the Kosovo
Women’s Initiative, Gender and Development, 12(3), pp. 31-40
Kandiyoti, D. (2007) Old dilemmas or new challenges? The politics of gender and reconstruction
in Afghanistan, Development and Change, 38(2), pp. 169-199
67
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Karame, K.H. (2001) Military Women in Peace Operations: Experiences of the Norwegian Battalion
in UNIFIL 1978-98, International Peacekeeping, 8(2), pp. 85-96
Kirk, J. (2004) Promoting a gender-just peace: the roles of women teachers in peace building and
reconstruction, Gender & Development, 12(3), pp. 50-59
Korac, M. (2006) Gender, conict and peace-building: Lessons from the conict in the former
Yugoslavia, Women’s Studies International Forum, 29(5), pp. 510-520
Krasniqi, V. (2007) Imagery, gender and power: the politics of representation in post-war Kosova,
Feminist Review, 86(1), pp. 1-23
Mazurana, D. (2003) Do Women Matter in Peacekeeping? Women in Police, Military and Civilian
Peacekeeping, Canadian Woman Studies, 22(2), pp. 64-71
Mbagwu, J. (2001) Campaign for Women in Peace building, IFE Psychologia, 9(3), pp. 112-117
McGadney-Douglass, B.F. & Ahadzie, W.K. (2008) Displaced women in northern Ghana -
Indigenous knowledge about ethnic conict, Alia: Journal of Women and Social Work, 23(4),
pp. 324-337
McGuinness, M.E. (2006) Women as Architects of Peace: Gender and the Resolution of Armed
Conict, Michigan State University College of Law Journal of International Law, 15, pp. 63-84
Miller, L.L. & Moskos, C. (1995) Humanitarians or Warriors?: Race, Gender, and Combat Status in
Operation Restore Hope, Armed Forces & Society, 21(4), pp. 615-637
Moghadam, V.M. (2005) Peace building and Reconstruction with Women: Reections on
Afghanistan, Iraq and Palestine, Development, 48(3), pp. 63-72
Mzvondiwa, C.N. (2007) The role of women in the reconstruction and building of peace in
Rwanda: Peace prospects for the Great Lakes Region, African Security Review, 16(1), pp. 99-106
Nakaya, S. (2003) Women and Gender Equality in Peace Processes: From Women at the
Negotiating Table to Postwar Structural Reforms in Guatemala and Somalia, Global Governance,
9(4), pp. 459-476
Olsson, L. (2000) Mainstreaming Gender in Multidimensional Peacekeeping: A Field Perspective,
International Peacekeeping, 7(3), pp. 1-16
Onyejekwe, C.J. (2009) Gender and peace building, Peace and Conict, 15(3), pp. 317-320
Onyejekwe, C.J. (2005) Women, War, Peace-building and Reconstruction, International Social
Science Journal, 57(184), pp. 277-283
Pankhurst, D. (2003) The ‘Sex War’, and Other Wars: Towards a Feminist Approach to Peace
Building, Development in Practice, 13(2-3), pp. 154-177
Porter, E. (2008) Why Women’s Contribution to Peace building Matters, International Studies
Review; 10(3), pp. 632-634
Racioppi, L. & See, K.O. (2006) Engendering democratic transition from conict - Women’s
inclusion in Northern Ireland’s peace process, Comparative Politics, 38(2), 189-208
Rey, C. & McKay, S. (2006) Peace building as a Gendered Process, Journal of Social Issues, 62(1),
pp. 141-153
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Ruddick, S. (1984) Feminist Questions on Peace and War: An Agenda for Research, Discussion,
Analysis, Action, Women’s Studies Quarterly, 12(2) pp. 8-11
Segal, L. (2008) Gender, war and militarism: making and questioning the links, Feminist Review,
88(1),pp. 21-35
Shoemaker, J. (2002) In War and Peace: Women and Conict Prevention, Civil Wars, 5(1), pp. 7-54
Singh, A. (2007) Women, Conict and Darfur – A Case Study, Journal of Military and Strategic
Studies,9(4), pp. 1-27
Sion, L. (2009) Can Women Make a Dierence? Female Peacekeepers in Bosnia and Kosovo,
Commonwealth & Comparative Politics, 47(4), pp. 476-493
Sion, L. (2008) Peacekeeping and the gender regime - Dutch female peacekeepers in Bosnia and
Kosovo, Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 37(5), pp. 561-585
Stiehm, J.H. (2001) Women, Peacekeeping and Peacemaking: Gender Balance and Mainstreaming,
International Peacekeeping, 8(2), pp. 39-48
Tryggestad, T.L. (2010) The UN Peace building Commission and Gender: A Case of Norm
Reinforcement, International Peacekeeping, 17(2), pp. 159-171
Vayrynen, T. (2004) Gender and UN Peace Operations: The Connes of Modernity, International
Peacekeeping, 11(1), pp. 125-142
Webber, K. & Johnson, H. (2008) Women, Peace Building and Political Inclusion: A Case Study
from Solomon Islands, Hecate, 34(2), pp. 83-99
Whitbread, J. (2004) Mainstreaming Gender in Conict Reduction: From Challenge to
Opportunity, Gender and Development, 12(3), pp. 41-49
York, J. (1996) The Truth(s) About Women and Peace, Peace Review, 8(3), pp. 323-329
Zuckerman, E. & Greenberg, M. (2004) The Gender Dimensions of Post-Conict Reconstruction:
An Analytical Framework for Policymakers, Gender and Development, 12(3), pp. 70-82
n ❘ Gender and Peace Building – Books
Ackerly, B.A., Stern, M. & True, J. (Eds.) (2006) Feminist Methodologies for International Relations,
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 332pp
Anderlini, S.N. (2007) Women Building Peace: What They Do, Why It Matters, Boulder, CO: Lynne
Rienner Publishers, 257pp
Aoi, C., De Coning, C. & Thakur, R.C. (2007) Unintended consequences of peacekeeping operations,
New York, NY: United Nations University Press, 292pp
Cockburn, C. & Zarjov, D. (Eds.) (2002) The postwar moment: militaries, masculinities and
international peacekeeping, Bosnia and the Netherlands, London, UK: Lawrence & Wishart, 224pp
Hudson, N.F. (2010) Gender, human security and the United Nations: security language as a political
framework for women, London, UK: Routledge, 186pp
Hunt, K. & Rygiel, K. (Eds.) (2007) (En)gendering the War on Terror: War Stories and Camouaged
Politics, Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 234pp
69
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Marshall, D.R. (2000) Women in War and Peace: Grassroots Peace building, Washington, DC: US
Institute of Peace, 30pp
Mazurana, D.E., Raven-Roberts, A. & Parpart, J.L. (Eds.) (2005) Gender, Conict, and Peacekeeping,
Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littleeld, 320pp
McGlen, N. & Sarkees, M. (Eds.) (1993) Women in Foreign Policy: The Insiders, London, UK:
Routledge, 351pp
Olonisaken, F., Barnes, K. & Ikpe, E. (Eds.) (2010) Gender and Peace building Women’s Rights and the
UN Peace and Security Agenda, London, UK: Routledge, 240pp
Olsson, L. (2009) Gender equality and United Nations Peace Operations in Timor Leste, Boston, MA:
Martinus Nijho Publishers, 208pp
Olsson, L. & Tryggestad, T.L. (2001) Women and International Peacekeeping, London, UK:
Routledge, 160pp
Pankhurst, D. (Ed.) (2008) Gendered Peace: Women’s Struggles for Post-War Justice and
Reconciliation, London, UK: Routledge, 341pp
Porter, E. (2008) Peace building: Women in International Perspective, London, UK: Routledge,
256pp
Rehn, E. & Sirleaf, E.J. (2003) Progress of the World’s Women 2002 Volume One: Women, War, Peace:
The Independent Experts’ Assessment on the Impact of Armed Conict on Women and Women’s Role
in Peace-building, New York, NY: UNIFEM, 164pp
Shepherd, L.J. (2010) Gender Matters in Global Politics: A Feminist Introduction to International
Relations, London, UK: Routledge, 440pp
Sjoberg, L. (2010) Gender and International Security: Feminist Perspectives, London, UK: Routledge,
284pp
Sjoberg, L. (2006) Gender, Justice, And the Wars in Iraq: A Feminist Reformulation of Just War Theory,
Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 278pp
Skjelsbæk, I. & Smith, D. (Eds.) (2001) Gender, Peace and Conict, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 228pp
Steans, J. (2006) Gender and International Relations: Issues, Debates and Future Directions,
Cambridge: Polity Press, 272pp
Sweetman, C. (2005) Gender, peace building, and reconstruction, Oxford, UK: Oxfam, 110pp
Tickner, J.A. (1992) Gender in International Relations: feminist perspectives on achieving global
security, New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 180pp
Withworth, S. (2004) Men, Militarism & UN Peacekeeping: A Gendered Analysis, Boulder, CO: Lynne
Rienner, 225pp
Zarkov, D. & Cockburn, C. (Eds.) (2002) The Postwar Moment: Militaries, Masculinities, and
International Peacekeeping, London, UK: Lawrence And Wishart Ltd, 256pp
70 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
n ❘ Gender and Peace Building – Reports, etc.
Afshar, H. & Eade, D. (2003) Development, Women, and War: Feminist Perspectives, Oxford, UK:
Oxfam Publications, 256pp
(Gender and violence)
Agustiana, E.T. & Pakpahan, M. (2004) Women and Peace-Building – Central Sulawesi and
North MalUKu, Jakarta, Indonesia: United Nations Development Programme, 38pp
Anderlini, S.N. (2005) Women’s Contributions to Peace Processes: What Does the New Research Tell
Us?, Boston, MA: The Boston Consortium on Gender, Security and Human Rights, 11pp
Anderlini, S.N. (2000) Women at the Peace Table: Making a Dierence, New York, NY: UNIFEM, 71pp
Banaszak, K., Conaway, C.P., Goetz, A.M., Iiyambo, A. & Muna, M. (Eds.) (2005) Securing the Peace:
Guiding the International Community towards Women’s Eective Participation throughout Peace
Processes, New York, NY: UNIFEM, 36pp
Barnes, K. & Lyytikäinen, M. (2008) Improving EU Responses to Gender and Peace building: Priority
Action Areas for the European Commission, London, UK: International Alert, 16pp
Barry, J. & Nainar, V. (2009) Insiste Resiste Persiste Existe: Women Human Rights defenders’ Security
Strategies, Urgent Action Fund for Women Human Rights, The International Foundation for the
Protection of Human Rights Defenders, Kvinna til Kvinna Foundation, 100pp
El-Bushra, J., Adrian-Paul, A. & Olson, M. (2005) Women Building Peace: Sharing Know-How.
Assessing Impact: Planning for Miracles, London, UK: International Alert, 52pp
El-Bushra, J. & Lopez, E.P. (1994) Development in Conict: The Gender Dimension, Oxford, UK:
Oxfam Publications, 106pp
Enloe, C. & Klot, J. (2007) Feminist Perspectives on Peacekeeping and Peace Building, Boston, MA:
The Boston Consortium on Gender, Security and Human Rights
Enloe, C. (2005) Masculinity As Foreign Policy Issue, Washington, DC: Foreign Policy In Focus
European Parliament (2006) Women in armed conicts and their role in post-conict reconstruction,
Brussels, Belgium: European Parliement, 10pp
European Parliament (2000) European Parliament report on participation of women in peaceful
conict resolution, Brussels, Belgium: European Parliement, 25pp
European Parliament (2000) European Parliament resolution on participation of women in peaceful
conict resolution, Brussels, Belgium: European Parliement, 9pp
European Women’s Lobby (2009) European Women’s Lobby Position Paper on Gender and Conict
Toward Human Security: Engendering Peace, Brussels, Belgium: European Women’s Lobby, 13pp
Folke Bernadotte Academy (2005) Expert Seminar Women in Conict Prevention and Crisis
Management, Stockholm, Sweden: Folke Bernadotte Academy, 109pp
GAPS - Gender Action for Peace and Security (2009) Global Monitoring Checklist on Women,
Peace and Security, London, UK: GAPS - Gender Action for Peace and Security, 162pp
Gunda Werner Institute (2010) Feminist Positions and Perspectives on Peace and Security Policy,
Berlin, Germany: Gunda Werner Institute 73pp
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Higate, P. (2004) Gender and Peacekeeping: Case Studies: The Democratic Republic of the Congo and
Sierra Leone, Pretoria, South Africa: Institute For Security Studies, 65pp
Hudson, H. (2006) Human security and peace building through a gender lens: Challenges of
implementation in Africa, Copenhagen, Denmark: Danish Institute for International Studies, 32pp
International Alert (2009) Global Monitoring Checklist on Women Peace and Security, London, UK:
International Alert, 163pp
International Alert (2008) Integrating women’s priorities into peace building processes: Experiences
of monitoring and advocacy in Burundi and Sierra Leone, London, UK: International Alert, 24pp
International Alert (2008) Women’s political participation in countries emerging from conict in the
Great Lakes Region of Africa: Report of the Consultation Workshop, London, UK: International Alert,
60pp
International Alert (2002) Gender Mainstreaming in Peace Support Operations: Moving Beyond
Rhetoric to Practice, London, UK: International Alert, 82pp
International Alert (2002) Report on the Workshop on Conict Transformation in Africa: African
Women’s Perspectives, London, UK: International Alert, 112pp
International Alert (2001) Conict Transformation in Africa: African Women’s Perspectives, London,
UK: International Alert, 100pp
International Alert (2001) Protection of Civilians: Gender Considerations for Disarmament, Conict,
London, UK: International Alert, 7pp
International Alert (1999) Women, Violent Conict and Peace building: Global Perspectives, London,
UK: International Alert, 72pp
International Alert (1997) Capacity-Building Workshop for Women in Decision Making in Rwanda,
London, UK: International Alert, 25pp
International Alert (1996) Training of Trainers on Gender and Conict Transformation: Capacity-
Building for Women’s Peace Movements in Burundi, London, UK: International Alert, 37pp
International Crisis Group (2006) Beyond Victimhood: Women’s Peace building in Sudan, Congo
and Uganda, Brussels, Belgium: International Crisis Group, 32pp
Ivarsson, S. (2004) Peace Support Operations from a Gender Perspective, Stockholm, Sweden:
Forsvarsdepartementet, 31pp
Jacobson, A.S. (2005) Security on whose terms? If men and women were equal, Stockholm, Sweden:
Kvinna til Kvinna Foundation, 62pp
Jacobson, A.S. (2004) Rethink! A handbook for sustainable peace, Stockholm, Sweden: Kvinna til
Kvinna Foundation, 59pp
Johnston, L. (2001) Gender and Peace Support Operations: Opportunities and Challenges to Improve
Practice, London, UK: International Alert, 17pp
Joshi, V. (2005) UN Transitional Authority in East Timor: Ally or Adversary for Women?, Boston, MA:
The Boston Consortium on Gender, Security and Human Rights, 20pp
72 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
Karamé, K. (2007) The Gender Perspective in Norwegian Peace Eorts, Oslo, Norway: NUPI, 60pp
Karamé, K. & Tryggestad, T. (2000) Gender Perspectives on Peace and Conict Studies, Oslo, Norway:
NUPI, 168pp
Keaney-Mischel, C. (2006) ‘ We Have to Do All the Pushing’: UN Gender Adviser Strategies for
Implementing Gender Mainstreaming Policy in Peacekeeping Missions, Boston, MA: The Boston
Consortium on Gender, Security and Human Rights, 17pp
(Gender integration)
Klot, J.F. (2007) Women and Peace building - Independent Expert Paper Commissioned by the United
Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM) and the Peace building Support Oce (PBSO), New
York, NY: Social Science Research Council, 13pp
Koen, K. (2006) Claiming space Reconguring women’s roles in post-conict situations, Pretoria,
South Africa: Institute for Security Studies, 16pp
Kvinna til Kvinna Foundation (2001) Getting it Right? A Gender Approach to UNMIK Administration
in Kosovo, Stockholm, Sweden: Kvinna til Kvinna Foundation, 42pp
Lithander, A. (Ed.) (2000) Egendering the Peace Process – A gender approach to Dayton – and
beyond, Stockholm, Sweden: Kvinna til Kvinna Foundation, 57pp
Losada, C.R. & de la Cruz, C. (2005) Contributions to Peace Building in Colombia: Best Practices From
a Gender Perspective, New York, NY: UNIFEM, 196pp
Mazurana, D. (2007) Women Leaders in Armed Opposition Groups on War, Protection, and
Obligations under International Humanitarian and Human Rights Law, Boston, MA: The Boston
Consortium on Gender, Security and Human Rights
Mazurana, D. & Carlson, K. (2004) From Combat to Community: Women and Girls of Sierra Leone,
Cambridge, MA: Hunt Alternatives Fund, 46pp
McGlen, N.E. (1995) The status of women in foreign policy, Ithaca, NY: Foreign Policy Association,
72pp
McKay, S. & Mazurana, D. (2001) Raising Women’s Voices For Peace building: Vision, Impact and
Limitations of Media Technologies, London, UK: International Alert, 92pp
Moser, A. (2007) Women Building Peace and Preventing Sexual Violence in Conict-Aected
Contexts: A Review of Community-Based Approaches, New York, NY: UNIFEM, 31pp
(Gender and sexual violence as a weapon of war)
Moser, C., Acosta, A. & Vasquez, M.E. (2008) Women and peace: consensus building, Colombian
Women’s Initiative for Peace Alliance’s Guide, Stockholm, Sweden: SIDA, 106pp
National Defence College Stockholm (2002) Challenges of Peace Operations: Into the 21st Century,
Stockholm, Sweden: National Defence College Stockholm, Department of Operational Studies,
287pp
Pankhurst, D. (2000) Women, Gender and Peace building, Bradford, UK: University of Bradford,
Centre for Conict Resolution, Department of Peace, 40pp
Pilley, A. (2006) Gender, Peace and Peacekeeping Lessons from Southern Africa, Pretoria, South
Africa: Institute for Security Studies, 12pp
73
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Porter, E. (2005) Women and security: ‘You cannot dance if you cannot stand’ Can women make a
dierence to peace and security?, Londonderry, UK: International Conict Research Institute, 7pp
Puechguirbal, N. & Enloe, C. (2004) Failing to Secure the Peace: Practical Gendered Lessons from
Haiti & Iraq, Boston, MA: The Boston Consortium on Gender, Security and Human Rights, 15pp
Rehn, E. & Sirleaf, E.J. (2002) Women, War, Peace: The Independent Experts’ Assessment on the
Impact of Armed Conict on Women and Women’s Role in Peace-Building, West Hartford, CT:
Kumarian Press, 163pp
Reimann, C. (2007) Gender and Peace Mediation, Bern, Switzerland: Swiss Peace Foundation, 7pp
Salihu, A., Okon, E. & Sow, N. (2004) Enhancing the Capacity of Women Leaders of Community
Organisations to Contribute Towards Peace Building in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria, London,
UK: International Alert, 34pp
Schmeidl, S. & Lopez, E.P. (2002) Gender and Conict Early Warning: A Framework for Action,
London, UK: International Alert & Swiss Peace Foundation, 50pp
Skjelsbæk, I. (2007) Gender aspects of international military interventions: national and international
perspectives, Oslo, Norway: PRIO, 39pp
Skjelsbæk, I. (1997) Gendered Battleelds. A Gender Analysis of Peace and Conict, Oslo, Norway:
PRIO, 77pp
Solomon, H. & Schoeman, M. (Eds.) (1998) Security Development and Gender in Africa, Halfway
House, South Africa: Institute for Security Studies, 136pp
Spees, P. (2004) Gender Justice and Accountability in Peace Support Operations: Closing the Gaps,
London, UK: International Alert, 36pp
Thomasson, R. (2006) To Make room for changes – Peace strategies from women organisations in
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Stockholm, Sweden: Kvinna til Kvinna Foundation, 74pp
UN General Assembly (2003) Gender mainstreaming in peacekeeping activities - Repor t of the
Secretary-General, New York, NY: UN General Assembly, 17pp
UNIFEM (2007) Policy Brieng Paper: Gender Sensitive Police Reform in Post Conict Societies, New
York, NY: UNIFEM, UNDP, DPKO, 12pp
UN-INSTRAW (2008) Filling the Gaps: A Virtual Discussion of Gender, Peace and Security Research
Summary of Dialogue, UN-INSTRAW, 19pp
United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations (2005) Gender and UN Peacekeeping
Operations, New York, NY: United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations, 6pp
United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations (2005) Gender Mainstreaming in
Peacekeeping Operations, New York, NY: United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations,
40pp
United Nations Security Council (2010) Report of the Secretary-General on women and peace and
security, New York, NY: United Nations Security Council, 24pp
United Nations Security Council (2009) Report of the Secretary-General on women and peace and
security, New York, NY: United Nations Security Council, 20pp
74 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
United Nations Security Council (2008) Report of the Secretary-General on women and peace and
security, New York, NY: United Nations Security Council, 24pp
United Nations Security Council (2007) Report of the Secretary-General on women and peace and
security, New York, NY: United Nations Security Council, 19pp
United Nations Security Council (2006) Report of the Secretary-General on women and peace and
security, New York, NY: United Nations Security Council, 18pp
United Nations Security Council (2005) Report of the Secretary-General on women and peace and
security, New York, NY: United Nations Security Council, 59pp
United Nations Security Council (2004) Women and peace and security - Report of the Secretary-
General, New York, NY: United Nations Security Council, 26pp
United Nations Security Council (2002) Report of the Secretary-General on women, peace and
security, New York, NY: United Nations Security Council, 12pp
Veale, A. (2003) From Child Soldier to Ex-Fighter, Female Fighters, Demobilisation and Reintegration
in Ethiopia, Pretoria, South Africa: Institute for Security Studies, 69pp
Watson Institute for International Studies (2009) Conduct and Discipline in UN Peacekeeping
Operations: Culture, Political Economy and Gender, Providence, RI: Watson Institute for
International Studies, 23pp
Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom (2007) Women, Peace and Security,
Stockholm, Sweden: Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom - Swedish Section,
40pp
n ❘ Gender and Peace Building – Ph.D Theses (non-military)
Akibayashi, K. (2002) Okinawa Women Act Against Military Violence: a feminist challenge to
militarism [Ed.D Thesis], New York, NY: Columbia University, 268pp
Hursh, L.H. (2001) A peace education study: perceptions of US adolescent women in an international
peace building camp [Ph.D Thesis], Denver, CO: University of Denver, 365pp
King, B.E. (2009) Women and peace building: a feminist study of contemporary Bouganville [Ph.D
Thesis], Brisbane, QLT: University of Queensland, 293pp
Neophytou, M. (2004) Gender and peace building: the United Nations Mission in Kosovo and beyond
[Ph.D Thesis], Cambridge, UK: University of Cambridge, 390pp
Ringera, K.L. (2007) Excluded voices: grassroots women and peace building in Southern
Sudan [Ph.D Thesis], Denver, CO: University of Denver, 241pp
n ❘ Gender and Sexual Risk Behavior – Journal Articles
Abel, E. (1998) Sexual risk behaviors among ship- and shore-based navy women, Military
Medicine, 163(4), pp. 250-256
Gender and Sexual Risk Behavior
75
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Abel E., Adams E. & Stevenson, R. (1996) Sexual risk behavior among female army recruits,
Military Medicine, 161(8), pp. 491-494
Bianchi, G. & Popper, M. (2000) Interaction of substance use and risks to sexual health in the
Slovak army: General, sociocultural and individual behaviour patterns, AIDS Care - Psychological
and Socio-Medical Aspects of AIDS/HIV, 12(6), pp. 757-766
(Gender, alcohol and substance use)
Bing, E.G., Ortiz, D.J., Ovalle-Bahamon, R.E., Cheng, K.G., Huang, F.H., Ernesto, F. & Duan N. (2008)
HIV/AIDS behavioral surveillance among Angolan military men, AIDS and Behavior, 12(4), pp.
578-584
(Gender, tracking and prostitution)
Clark, K.L., Howell, M.R., Li, Y.Z., Powers, T., McKee, K.T., Quinn, T.C., Gaydos, J.C. & Gaydos, C.A.
(2002) Hospitalization rates in female US Army recruits associated with a screening program for
Chlamydia trachomatis, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 29(1), pp. 1-5
Cooper, T.V., DeBon, M., Haddock, C.K., Esquivel, D.R., Klesges, R.C., Lando, H. & Talcott, G.W.
(2008) Demographics and Risky Lifestyle Behaviors Associated With Willingness To Risk Sexually
Transmitted Infection in Air Force Recruits, American Journal of Health Promotion, 22(3), pp. 164-
167
Cowan, D.N., Brundage, J.F. & Pomerantz, R.S. (1994) HIV-Infection among Women in the
Army Reserve Components, Journal of Acquired Immune Deciency Syndromes and Human
Retrovirology, 7(2), pp. 171-176
Eitzen, J.P. & Sawyer, R.G. (1997) Sexually transmitted diseases: risk behaviors of female active
duty US Army recruits, Military Medicine, 162(10), pp. 686-689
Gaydos, C.A., Quinn, T.C. & Gaydos, J.C. (2000) The Challenge of Sexually Transmitted Diseases for
the Military: What Has Changed?, Clinical Infectious Diseases, 30(4), pp. 719-722
Gaydos, C.A., Howell, M.R., Quinn, T.C., Mckee, K.T. & Gaydos, J.C. (1998) Chlamydia trachomatis
infections in female military recruits, New England Journal of Medicine, 339(11), pp. 739-744
Howard M.D. (2007) Escaping the pain: Examining the use of sexually compulsive behavior to
avoid the traumatic memories of combat, Sexual Addiction and Compulsivity, 14(2), pp. 77-94
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Howell, M.R., Gaydos, J.C., McKee, K.T., Quinn, T.C. & Gaydos, C.A. (1999) Control of Chlamydia
trachomatis infections in female army recruits: Cost-eective screening and treatment in training
cohorts to prevent pelvic inammatory disease, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 26(9), pp. 519-526
Hyams, K.C., Krogwold, R.A., Brock, S., Wignall, S., Cross, E. & Hayes C. (1993) Heterosexual
transmission of viral hepatitis and cytomegalovirus infection among United States military
personnel stationed in the Western Pacic, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 20(1), pp. 36-40
Kaldmae P., Priimagi L., Raudsepp A., Grintchak M. & Valjaots E. (2000) Promotion of safer sexual
behaviour and HIV/STD prevention among adolescent students and army recruits, AIDS Care -
Psychological and Socio-Medical Aspects of AIDS/HIV, 12(6), pp. 783-788
Malone, J.D., Hyams, K.C., Hawkins, R.E., Sharp, T.W. & Daniell, F.D. (1993) Risk factors for sexually-
transmitted diseases among deployed US military personnel, Sexually Transmitted Diseases,
20(5), pp. 294-298
76 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
Mankayi, N. (2009) Military men and sexual practices: Discourses of ‘othering’ in safer sex in the
light of HIV/AIDS, Sahara Journal of Social Aspects of HIV-AIDS, 6(1), pp. 33-41
Nwokoji, U.A. & Ajuwon, A.J. (2004) Knowledge of AIDS and HIV risk-related sexual behavior
among Nigerian naval personnel, BMC Public Health, (4), pp. 1-9
Russ, A. & Ames, G. (2006) Policy and prevention as competing imperatives in US Navy life and
medicine, Culture, Health & Sexuality, 8(1), pp. 1-15
Sagala, J.K. (2008) HIV/AIDS Prevention Strategies in the Armed Forces in Sub-Saharan Africa: A
Critical Review, Armed Forces & Society, 34(2), pp. 292-313
Shafer, M.A.B., Boyer, C.B., Pollack, L.M., Moncada, J., Chang, Y.J. & Schachter, J. (2008) Acquisition
of Chlamydia trachomatis by young women during their rst year of military service, Sexually
Transmitted Diseases, 35(3), pp. 255-259
von Sadovszky, V., Ryan-Wenger, N., Moore, D. & Jones, A. (2009) Army women’s evaluations of
a self-administered intervention to prevent sexually transmitted diseases during travel, Travel
Medicine and Infectious Disease, 7(4), pp. 192-197
von Sadovszky, V., Ryan-Wenger, N., Germann, S., Evans, M. & Fortney, C. (2008) Army Women’s
Reasons for Condom Use and Nonuse, Women’s Health Issues, 18(3), pp. 174-180
von Sadovszky, V. & Ryan-Wenger, N. (2007) Army women’s sexual health information needs,
Journal of Obstetric Gynecologic and Neonatal Nursing, 36(4), pp. 348-357
Walia N.S. & Tak C.S. (2004) Study of sexual behavior in male soldiers for STD/HIV prevention
opportunities, Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, 70(4), pp. 226-229
Whitehead, P.C. & Carpenter, D. (1999) Explaining unsafe sexual behaviour: cultural denitions
and health in the military, Culture, Health & Sexuality, 1(4), pp. 303-315
Winsbury, R. (1992) Condoms and conict: AIDS and the military, World AIDS, (24), pp. 5-8
n ❘ Gender and Sexual Risk Behavior – Ph.D Theses (non-military)
Eitzen, J.P. (1996) Capital letters Gender and Sexual Risk Behavior Sexually transmitted diseases:
risk behaviors of female active duty US army recruits [Ph.D Thesis], College Park, MD: University of
Maryland, 256pp
n ❘ Gender and Sexual Violence as a Weapon of War – Journal Articles
Arcel, L.T. (1998) Sexual torture of women as a weapon of war - the case of Bosnia-Herzegovina,
European Psychiatry, 13(1004), p. 159
Baaz, M.E. & Stern, M. (2009) Why Do Soldiers Rape? Masculinity, Violence, and Sexuality in the
Armed Forces in the Congo (DRC), International Studies Quarterly, 53(2), pp. 495-518
Butler, C.K., Gluch, T. & Mitchell, N.J. (2007) Security forces and sexual violence: A cross-national
analysis of a principal-agent argument, Journal of Peace Research, 44(6), pp. 669-687
Gender and Sexual Violence as a Weapon of War
77
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(Gender and peace building)
Carlson, E.S. (2006) The Hidden Prevalence of Male Sexual Assault During War; Observations on
Blunt Trauma to the Male Genitals, The British Journal of Criminology, 46(1), pp. 16-25
Diken, B. & Laustsen, C.B. (2005) Becoming Abject: Rape as a Weapon of War, Body & Society, 11(1),
pp. 111-128
Hargreaves, S. (2001) Rape as a war crime: Putting policy into practice, The Lancet, 357(9258), p. 737
Harrington, C. (2006) Governing peacekeeping: the role of authority and expertise in the case of
sexual violence and trauma, Economy and Society, 35(3), pp. 346-380
(Gender and peace building)
Harris, S.E. (2006) Military Male Rape and the Development of Male Homophobia in Judaeo-
Christian Culture, Journal of Bisexuality, 6(4), pp. 87-120
(Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) issues)
Hendrix, C.T. (2004) The history of violence against women in three acts, Violence Against Women,
10(12), pp. 1383-1394
Henry, N., Ward, T. & Hirshberg, M. (2004) A multifactorial model of wartime rape, Aggression and
Violent Behavior, 9(5), pp. 535-562
Hillman, E.L. (2009) Front and Center: Sexual Violence in US Military Law, Politics & Society, 37(1),
pp. 101-129
Hustache, S., Moro, M.R., Roptin, J., Souza, R., Gansou, G.M., Mbemba, A., Roederer, T., Grais,
R.F., Gaboulaud, V. & Baubet T. (2009) Evaluation of psychological support for victims of sexual
violence in a conict setting: Results from Brazzaville, Congo, International Journal of Mental
Health Systems, 3(1), p. 7
Hynes, H.P. (2004) On the battleeld of women’s bodies: An overview of the harm of war to
women, Women Studies International Forum, 27(5-6), pp. 431-445
Jenkins, R. & Goetz, A.M. (2010) Addressing Sexual Violence in Internationally Mediated Peace
Negotiations, International Peacekeeping, 17(2), pp. 261-277
(Gender and peace building)
Joseph, J.H. (2007) Rethinking Yamashita: Holding Military Leaders Accountable for Wartime
Rape, Women’s Rights Law Reporter, 28(2-3), pp. 107-126
Kwon, I., Lee, D.O., Kim, E. & Hyun-Young, K. (2007) Sexual violence among men in the military in
South Korea, Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 22(8), pp. 1024-1042
Lee, C.H. (2009) Institutionalized Hegemonic Masculinity and Rape by United States Army
Personnel in South Korea: A Perspective on Military Subculture, Asian Journal of Criminology,
5(1), pp. 11-25
(Masculinities)
Lewis-Horne, N. (2000) School for Rape: The Burmese Military and Sexual Violence, Violence
Against Women, 6(10), pp. 1174-1178
Littlewood, R. (1997) Military Rape, Anthropology Today, 13(2), pp. 7-16
McDermid, P. (2000) School for Rape: The Burmese Military and Sexual Violence and Rape: A
78 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
Crime of War, Canadian Women Studies, 19(4), p. 152
Mezey, G. (1994) Rape in war, Journal of Forensic Psychiatry, 5(3), pp. 583-598
Milazzo, M. (2008) Military Commissions Act of 2006: A Regressive Step Back from the
International Legal Standards of Rape and Sexual Violence, Florida State University Law Review,
35(2), pp. 527-553
Milillo, D. (2006) Rape as a tactic of war - Social and psychological perspectives, Alia: Journal of
Women and Social Work, 21(2), pp. 196-205
Morris, M. (1996) By Force of Arms: Rape, War, and Military Culture, Duke Law Journal, 45(4), pp. 651-781
Olujic, M.B. (1998) Embodiment of terror: Gendered violence in peacetime and wartime in
Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina, Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 12(1), pp. 31-50
Price, L.S. (2001) Finding the man in the soldier-rapist: Some reections on comprehension and
accountability, Women’s Studies International Forum, 24(2), pp. 211-227
Sadler, A.G., Booth, B.M. & Doebbeling, B.N. (2005) Gang and multiple rapes during military
service: health consequences and health care, Journal of the American Medical Womens
Association, 60(1), pp. 33-41
Sadler, A.G., Booth, B.M., Mengeling, M.A. & Doebbeling, B.N. (2004) Life span and repeated
violence against women during military service: Eects on health status and outpatient
utilization, Journal of Womens Health, 13(7), pp. 799-811
Schirmer, D.B. (1997) Sexual Abuse and the US Military Presence: The Philippines and Japan,
Monthly Review, 48(9), pp. 43-57
Shanks, L. & Schull, M.J. (2000) Rape in war: The humanitarian response, Canadian Medical
Association. Journal, 163(9), pp. 1152-1156
Skjelsbaek, I. (2001) Sexual Violence and War: Mapping Out a Complex Relationship, European
Journal of International Relations, 7(2), pp. 211-237
Skjelsbaek, I. (2001) Sexual Violence in Times of War: A New Challenge for Peace Operations?,
International Peacekeeping, 8(2), pp. 69-84
(Gender and peace building)
Sturdevant, S. (1995) The US Military and Sexual Violence against Women, Bulletin of Concerned
Asian Scholars, 27(4), pp. 91-94
Swiss, S. & Giller, J.E. (1993) Rape as a Crime of War - A Medical Perspective, Journal of the American
Medical Association, 270(5), pp. 612-615
Takazato, S. (2000) Report from Okinawa: Long-term US Military Presence and Violence Against
Women, Canadian Women Studies, 19(4), pp. 42-47
Thompson, N. (2008) Does the International Violence Against Women Act Respond to Lessons
from the Iraq War?, Berkeley Journal of Gender, Law & Justice, 23, pp. 1-17
Vikman, E. (2005) Modern Combat: Sexual Violence in Warfare, Part II, Anthropology & Medicine,
12(1), pp. 33-46
Wood, E. (2009) Armed Groups and Sexual Violence: When Is Wartime Rape Rare?, Politics &
79
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Society, 37(1), pp. 131-161
Wood, E.J. (2006) Variation in sexual violence during war, Politics & Society, 34(3), pp. 307-341
Zurbriggen, E.E. (2008) Sexualized torture and abuse at Abu Ghraib prison: Feminist psychological
analyses, Feminist & Psychology, 18(3), pp. 301-320
n ❘ Gender and Sexual Violence as a Weapon of War – Books
Allen, B. (1996) Rape Warfare: The Hidden Genocide in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Croatia, Minneapolis,
MN: University of Minnesota Press, 180pp
Amy, L.E. (2010) The wars we inherit: military life, gender violence, and memory, Philadelphia, PA:
Temple University Press, 216pp
(Gender and violence)
Barstow, A.L. (2000) Wars Dirty Secret: Rape, Prostitution, and Other Crimes against Women,
Cleveland, OH: Pilgrim Press, 257pp
(Gender, tracking and prostitution)
Coulter, C. (2009) Bush Wives and Girl Soldiers: Women’s Lives Through War and Peace in Sierra
Leone, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 289pp
(Gender identity and gender roles)
Frederick, S. (2001) Rape: Weapon of Terror, River Edge, NJ: Global Publishing Company, 117pp
n ❘ Gender and Sexual Violence as a Weapon of War – Reports, etc.
Arie, A. (2009) Sexual Violence in African Conicts, Washington, DC: Congressional Research
Service, 31pp
Barnes, K., Albrecht, P. & Olson, M. (2007) Addressing Gender-Based Violence in Sierra Leone:
Mapping Challenges, Responses and Future Entry Points, London, UK: International Alert, 49pp
Bastick, M., Grimm, K. & Kunz, R. (2007) Sexual violence in armed conict - global overview and
implications for the security sector, Geneva, Switzerland: DCAF, 216pp
Harvard Humanitarian Initiative (2010) “Now, The World Is Without Me”: An investigation of sexual
violence in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo, Oxford, UK: Oxfam Publication, 72pp
Human Rights Watch (2009) Bloody Monday: The September 28 Massacre and Rapes by Security
Forces in Guinea, New York, NY: Human Rights Watch, 108pp
Human Rights Watch (2009) Soldiers who Rape, Commanders who Condone: Sexual Violence and
Military Reform in the Democratic Republic of Congo, New York, NY: Human Rights Watch, 56pp
Human Rights Watch (2007) “My Heart is Cut”: Sexual Violence by Rebels and Pro-Government
Forces in Côte d’Ivoire, New York, NY: Human Rights Watch, 135pp
Human Rights Watch (2005) Seeking Justice: The Prosecution of Sexual Violence in the Congo War,
New York, NY: Human Rights Watch, 52pp
Human Rights Watch (2003) “We’ll Kill if you Cry”: Sexual Violence in the Sierra Leone Conict, New
York, NY: Human Rights Watch, 75pp
Human Rights Watch (2002) The War within the War: Sexual Violence Against Women and Girls in
80 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
Eastern Congo, New York, NY: Human Rights Watch, 114pp
Human Rights Watch (2000) Kosovo: Rape as a Weapon of “Ethnic Cleansing”, New York, NY: Human
Rights Watch, 39pp
Human Rights Watch (1996) Shattered lives: Sexual Violence during the Rwandan Genocide and its
Aftermath, New York, NY: Human Rights Watch
International Alert (2005) Women’s Bodies as a Battleground: Sexual Violence Against Women and
Girls During the War in the Democratic Republic of Congo, South Kivu (1996-2003), London, UK:
International Alert, 76pp
International Women’s Tribune Center (2009) Confronting Sexual Violence in Conict Situations,
New York, NY: International Women’s Tribune Center, 40pp
Jennings, K. M. (2008) Protecting Whom? Approaches to Sexual Exploitation and Abuse in UN
Peacekeeping Operations, Oslo, Norway: FAFO, 80pp
Karamé, K., Helland, A., Kristensen, A. & Skjelsbæk, I. (1999) Women and Armed Conicts, Oslo,
Norway: NUPI, 119pp
Kinsella, H.M. (2004) Securing the Civilian: Sex and Gender in the Laws of War, Boston, MA: The
Boston Consortium on Gender, Security and Human Rights, 18pp
Martin, S. (2006) ‘Must Boys Be Boys?’: Confronting Sexual Exploitation and Abuse in UN Peacekeeping
Operations, Boston, MA: The Boston Consortium on Gender, Security and Human Rights, 22pp
Martin, S. (2006) New Developments in Ending Sexual Exploitation and Abuse in UN Peacekeeping
Missions, Boston, MA: The Boston Consortium on Gender, Security and Human Rights
(Gender and peace building)
Ohman, L. (Ed.) (2004) Voices from the Field About Prosecution of Sexualised Violence in an
International Context, Stockholm, Sweden: Kvinna til Kvinna Foundation, 50pp
Republic of Uganda (2008) The Uganda Action Plan on UN Security Council Resolutions 1325 &1820
and the Goma Declaration - Commitments to address sexual violence against women in armed
conict, Kampala, Uganda: Ministry of Gender, Labour & Social Development, 84pp
(UN resolution 1325)
Schia, N.S. & de Carvalho, B. (2009) “Nobody Gets Justice Here!” Addressing Sexual and Gender-
based Violence and the Rule of Law in Liberia, Oslo, Norway: NUPI, 28pp
Skjelsbæk, I. (2010) The Elephant in the Room: An Overview of How Sexual Violence came to be Seen
as a Weapon of War, Oslo, Norway: PRIO, 57pp
Solhjell, R. (2010) Gendering the Security Sector - Protecting Civilians Against Sexual and Gender-
Based Violence in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Oslo, Norway: NUPI, 28pp
Solhjell, R. (2009) Combating Sexual Violence in the DRC - Towards a Comprehensive Approach?,
Oslo, Norway: NUPI, 38pp
Solhjell, R. (2009) Rebels without a cause? Perpetrator perspectives on sexual violence in the
Democratic Republic of Congo, Saarbrücken, Germany: VDM Verlag, 64pp
United Nations (1998) Sexual Violence and Armed Conict: United Nations Response, New York, NY:
United Nations, Division for the Advancement of Women, 15pp
81
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n ❘ Gender and Sexual Violence as a Weapon of War – Ph.D Theses (non-military)
Cass, A.M. (1992) Gender and Sexual Violence as a Weapon of War Sex and the military: gender
and violence in the Philippines [Ph.D Thesis], Brisbane, QLD: University of Queensland, 411pp
Green, J.L. (2006) Collective rape: a cross-national study of the incidence and perpetrators of mass
political sexual violence, 1980-2003 [Ph.D Thesis], Columbus, OH: Ohio State University, 187pp
n ❘ Gender and Spouse Abuse – Journal Articles
Bell, N.S. (2009) Health and Occupational Consequences of Spouse Abuse Victimization among
Male US Army Soldiers, Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 24(5), pp. 751-769
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Bell, N.S., Harford, T.C., Fuchs, C.H., McCarroll, J.E. & Schwartz, C.E. (2006) Spouse Abuse and
Alcohol Problems Among White, African American, and Hispanic US Army Soldiers, Alcoholism:
Clinical & Experimental Research, 30(10), pp. 1721-1733
(Gender, alcohol and substance use)
Bell N.S., Harford T., McCarroll J.E. & Senier L. (2004) Drinking and spouse abuse among US army
soldiers, Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 28(12), pp. 1890-1897
(Gender, alcohol and substance use)
Brannen, S.J., Bradshaw, D., Hamlin II, E.R., Fogarty, J.P. & Colligan, T.W. (1999) Spouse abuse:
Physician guidelines to identication, diagnosis, and management in the uniformed services,
Military Medicine, 164(1), pp. 30-36
Brewster, A.L. (2002) Evaluation of spouse abuse treatment: Description and evaluation of the Air
Force family advocacy programs for spouse physical abuse, Military Medicine, 167(6), pp. 464-469
Campbell, J.C., Garza, M.A., Gielen, A.C., Carlson, A., O’Campo, P., Kub, J., Dienemann, J., Jones,
A.S. & Jafar, E. (2003) Intimate partner violence and abuse among active duty military women,
Violence Against Women, 9(9), pp. 1072-1092
Crouch, J.L., Thomsen, C.J., Milner, J.S., Stander, V.A. & Merrill, L.L. (2009) Heterosexual Intimate
Partner Violence among Navy Personnel: Gender Dierences in Incidence and Consequences,
Military Psychology, 21(S2), pp. 1-15
Cunradi, C., Ames, G. & Moore, R. (2005) Prevalence and correlates of interpersonal violence
victimization in a junior enlisted Navy cohort, Violence and Victims, 20(6), pp. 679-694
Dunford, F.W. (2000) The San Diego Navy Experiment: An Assessment of Interventions for Men
Who Assault Their Wives, Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 68(3), pp. 468-475
Fonseca, C.A., Schmaling, K.B., Stoever, C. Gutierrez, C., Blume, A.W. & Russell, M.L. (2006)
Variables Associated with Intimate Partner Violence in a Deploying Military Sample, Military
Medicine, 171(7), pp. 627-631
Forgey, M.A. & Badger, L. (2006) Patterns of intimate partner violence among married women
in the military: Type, level, directionality and consequences, Journal of Family Violence, 21(6), pp.
369-380
Gender and Spouse Abuse
82 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
Gielen, A.C., Campbell, J., Garza, M.A., O’Campo, P., Dienemann, J., Kub, J., Jones, A.S. & Lloyd, D.W.
(2006) Domestic Violence in the Military: Women’s Policy Preferences and Beliefs Concerning
Routine Screening and Mandatory Reporting, Military Medicine, 171(8), pp. 729-735
Harrison, D. (2006) The role of military culture in military organizations’ responses to woman
abuse in military families, Sociological Review, 54(3), pp. 546-574
Lutgendorf, M.A., Busch, J.M., Doherty, D.A., Conza, L.A., Moone, S.O. & Magann, E.F. (2009)
Prevalence of Domestic Violence in a Pregnant Military Population, Obstetrics & Gynecology,
113(4), pp. 866-872
Marshall, A.D., Panuzio, J. & Taft, C.T. (2005) Intimate partner violence among military veterans
and active duty servicemen, Clinical Psychology Review, 25(7), pp. 862-876
Martin, S.L., Gibbs, D.A., Johnson, R.E., Rentz, D.E., Clinton-Sherrod, M., Walters, J.L. & Sullivan, K.
(2009) Male Soldier Family Violence Oenders: Spouse and Child Oenders Compared to Child
Oenders, Violence and Victims, 24(4), pp. 458-468
(Gender, child abuse and maltreatment in military communities)
Martin, S.L., Gibbs, D.A., Johnson, R.E., Rentz, E. Clinton-Sherrod, M. & Hardison, J. (2007) Spouse
abuse and child abuse by army soldiers, Journal of Family Violence, 22(7), pp. 587-595
(Gender, child abuse and maltreatment in military communities)
McCarroll, J.E., Ursano, R.J., Fan, Z.Z. & Newby, J.H. (2004) Patterns of spouse and child
maltreatment by discharged US army soldiers, Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and
the Law, 32(1), pp. 53-62
(Gender, child abuse and maltreatment in military communities)
McCarroll, J.E., Ursano, R.J., Liu, X., Thayer, L.E., Newby, J.H., Norwood, A.E. & Fullerton, C.S. (2000)
Deployment and the probability of spousal aggression by US Army soldiers, Military Medicine,
165(1), pp. 41-44
McCarroll, J.E., Thayer, L.E., Liu, X., Newby, J.H., Norwood, A.E., Fullerton, C.S. & Ursano, R.J. (2000)
Spouse abuse recidivism in the US army by gender and military status, Journal of Consulting and
Clinical Psychology, 68(3), pp. 521-525
McCarroll, J.E., Newby, J.H., Thayer, L.E., Norwood, A.E., Fullerton, C.S. & Ursano, R.J. (1999) Reports
of spouse abuse in the US Army Central Registry (1989-1997), Military Medicine, 164(2), pp. 77-84
McNelis, P.J. & Awalt, S.J. (1986) Project safe: An armed forces cooperative initiative for the
prevention and treatment of family violence, Evaluation and Program Planning, 9(3), pp. 233-241
(Gender, child abuse and maltreatment in military communities)
Merrill, L.L., Stander, V.A., Thomsen, C.J., Crouch, J.L. & Milner, J.S. (2006) Premilitary Intimate
Partner Violence and Attrition from the US Navy, Military Medicine, 171(12), pp. 1206-1210
Merrill, L.L., Crouch, J.L., Thomsen, C.J., Guimond, J. & Milner, J.S. (2005) Perpetration of Severe
Intimate Partner Violence: Premilitary and Second Year of Service Rates, Military Medicine, 170(8),
pp. 705-709
Merrill, L.L., Crouch, J.L., Thomsen, C.J. & Guimond, J.M. (2004) Risk for intimate partner violence
and child physical abuse: Psychosocial characteristics of multirisk male and female Navy recruits,
Child Maltreatment, 9(1), p. 18-29
(Gender, child abuse and maltreatment in military communities)
83
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Merrill, L.L., Hervig, L.K. (1998) Preliminary Intimate Partner Conict Resolution in a Navy Basic
Trainee Sample, Military Psychology, 10(1), pp. 1-15
Newby, J.H., Ursano, R.J., McCarroll, J.E., Liu, X., Fullerton, C.S. & Norwood, A.E. (2005)
Postdeployment Domestic Violence by US Army Soldiers, Military Medicine, 170(8), pp. 643-647
Newby, J.H., McCarroll, J.E., Thayer, L.E., Norwood, A.E., Fullerton, C.S. & Ursano, R.J. (2003) Spouse
Abuse by Black and White Oenders in the US Army, Journal of Family Violence, 15(2), pp. 199-208
Newby, J.H., Ursano, R.J., McCarroll, J.E., Martin, L.T., Norwood, A.E. & Fullerton, C.S. (2003) Spousal
Aggression by US Army Female Soldiers Toward Employed and Unemployed Civilian Husbands,
American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 73(3), pp. 288-293
O’Campo, P., Kub, J., Woods, A., Garza, M., Jones, A.S., Gielen, A.C., Dienemann, J. & Campbell, J.
(2006) Depression, PTSD, and Comorbidity Related to Intimate Partner Violence in Civilian and
Military Women, Brief Treatment & Crisis Intervention, 6(2), pp. 99-110
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Rosen, L.N., Kaminski, R.J., Parmley, A.M., Knudson, K.H., Fancher, P. (2003) The eects of peer
group climate on intimate partner violence among married male US Army soldiers, Violence
Against Women, 9(9), pp. 1045-1071
Rosen, L.N. (2002) Gender dierences in the experience of intimate partner violence among
active duty US Army soldiers, Military Medicine, 168(12), pp. 959-663
Rosen, L.N. (2002) Intimate partner violence among US Army soldiers in Alaska: A comparison of
reported rates and survey results, Military Medicine, 168(8), pp. 688-671
Sayegh, L. & Harrison, D.F. (2007) Air Force Commanders’ Disciplinary Decisions on Spouse Abuse
Cases, Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 15(1), pp. 75-91
Schmaling, K.B., Fonseca, C.A., Stoever, C., Gutierrez, C., Blume, A.W. & Russell, M.L. (2006)
Variables associated with intimate partner violence in a deploying military sample, Military
Medicine, 171(7), pp. 627-631
n ❘ Gender and Spouse Abuse – Books
Harrison, D. (2002) The rst casuality: violence against women in Canadian military communities,
Toronto, ON: J. Lorimer, 256pp
(Gender, sexual harassment and abuse in a military context)
Mercier, P.J. & Mercier, J.D. (Eds.) (2000) Battle cries on the home front: violence in the military family,
Springeld, IL: C.C. Thomas, 220pp
(Gender, child abuse and maltreatment in military communities)
n ❘ Gender and Spouse Abuse – Reports, etc.
Flemming, S., Trunscott, S. & Verdon, J. (1997) Military Family Violence and Violence against
Women: Qualitative Data, Ottawa, ON: Defense Research & Development Canada, 71pp
Gibbs, D.A. (2006) Spouse abuse, child abuse, and substance abuse among Army facilities: co-
occurrence, correlations, and service delivery issues, Research Triangle Park, NC: Research Triangle
Institute, 46pp
(Gender, child abuse and maltreatment in military communities)
84 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
McCarroll, J.E., Thayer, L.E., Ursano, R.J., Norwood, A.E. & Fullerton, C.S. (1998) Spouse Abuse: US
Army Central Registry (1989-1996), Bethesda, MD: Uniformed Services University of the Health
Sciences, 39pp
Sudom, Kerry A. (2009) Family violence in the Canadian Forces, Ottawa, ON: Director General
Military Personnel Research & Analysis, 14pp
Truscott, S. & Wait, T. (1996) Military Family Violence and Violence against Women: Causes and
Incidence, Ottawa, ON: Defense Research & Development Canada, 141pp
West, L.A., Turner, W.M. & Dunwoody, E. (1981) Wife abuse in the Armed Forces, Washington, DC:
Center for Women Policy Studies, 196pp
n ❘ Gender and Spouse Abuse – Ph.D Theses (non-military)
Clawson, H.J. (1998) Testing a social learning theory model of wife-abuse among Air Force active
duty service members: does abuse in the family of origin predict spouse abuse later in life? [Ph.D
Thesis], Reno, NV: University of Nevada, 163pp
Elder, D.R. (1988) Dierences in reported spouse abuse in military families [Ph.D Thesis], San Diego,
CA: United States International University, 100pp
Ertl, C.C. (1993) A comparison of military recruits’ and junior college students’ propensity toward
spouse abuse [Ph.D Thesis], San Diego, CA: United States International University, 195pp
Hendrix, T.H. (2006) The eects of military training on men’s attitudes toward intimate partner
violence [Ph.D Thesis], Columbus, OH: Ohio State University, 128pp
Mackie, C.F. (2004) Risk factors and levels of physical violence: an analysis of spouse abusing Army
husbands [Ph.D Thesis], Washington, DC: Catholic University of America, 136pp
Malpass, D.L. (1997) Understanding military wife abuse: an exploratory study of a small group of
batterers and non-batterers in the military [Ph.D Thesis], Malibu, CA: Pepperdine University, 111pp
Sayegh, L. (2002) Factors contributing to a military commander’s decision making process in spouse
abuse cases [Ph.D Thesis], Tallahassee, FL: Florida State University, 179pp
Sullivan, K.A. (2009) Spouse abuse by Army soldiers: sex dierences and the organizational response
[Ph.D Thesis], Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina, 170pp
Tritt, D.R. (1992) Air Force interventions for wife abuse: exploring the use of client classications
[Ph.D Thesis], Seattle, WA: University of Washington, 163pp
n ❘ Gender and Spouse Abuse – Ph.D & Master Theses (military)
Cepis, L.J. (1996) Domestic Violence Prior to and during Pregnancy within a Selected Military
Population and It’s Relationship to Depressive Symptomatology [Master Thesis], Wright-Patterson
AFB, OH: Air Force Institute of Technology, 122pp
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n ❘ Gender and Stress – Journal Articles
Bar-Tal, Y., Lurie, O. & Glick, D. (1994) The eect of gender on the stress process of Israeli soldiers
during the Gulf War, Anxiety, Stress & Coping: An International Journal, 7(3), pp. 263-276
Bell, E.A. Roth, M.A. & Weed, G. (1998) Wartime stressors and health outcomes: women in the
Persian Gulf War, Journal of Psychosocial Nursing & Mental Health Services, 36(8), pp. 19-25
Bray, R.M., Camlin, C.S., Fairbank, J.A., Dunteman, G.H. & Wheeless, S.C. (2001) The Eects of
Stress on Job Functioning of Military Men and Women, Armed Forces & Society, 27(3), pp. 397-417
Bray, R.M., Fairbank, J.A. & Marsden, M.E. (1999) Stress and substance use among military women
and men, American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 25(2), pp. 239-256
(Gender, alcohol and substance use)
Dahiya, M., Tripathi, K., & Sinha, A. (2007) Gender Dierences in Stress and Stress Coping
Strategies in Flying Cadets of Indian Air Force, Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine, 78(3),
p. 116
Fontana, A., Litz, B. & Rosenheck, R. (2000) Impact of combat and sexual harassment on the
severity of posttraumatic stress disorder among men and women peacekeepers in Somalia,
Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 188(3), pp. 163-169
(Gender, sexual harassment and abuse in a military context)
Fontana, A. & Rosenheck, R. (1998) Duty-related and sexual stress in the etiology of PTSD among
women veterans who seek treatment, Psychiatric Services, 49(5), pp. 658-662
(Gender, sexual harassment and abuse in a military context)
Fontana, A., Schwartz, L.S. & Rosenheck, R. (1997) Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among Female
Vietnam Veterans: A Casual Model of Etiology, American Journal of Public Health, 87(2), pp. 169-
175
(Gender and veterans)
Hopkins-Chadwick, D.L. & Ryan-Wenger, N. (2009) Stress in Junior Enlisted Air Force Women With
and Without Children, Western Journal of Nursing Research, 31(3), pp. 409-427
(Gender and family issues)
Murdoch, M., Nelson, D.B. & Fortier, L. (2003) Time, gender, and regional trends in the application
for service-related post-traumatic stress disorder disability benets, 1980-1998, Military
Medicine, 168(8), pp. 662-670
Norwood A.E., Ursano R.J., Gabbay F.H. (1997) Health eects of the stressors of extreme
environments on military women, Military Medicine, 162(10), pp. 643-648
Rosen, L.N. (1999) Gender dierences in subjective distress attributable to anticipation of
combat among US Army soldiers deployed to the Persian Gulf during Operation Desert Storm,
Military Medicine, 164(11), pp. 753-757
Stretch, R.H., Knudson, K.H. & Durand, D. (1998) Eects of premilitary and military trauma on
the development of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in female and male active duty
soldiers, Military Medicine, 163(7), pp. 466-470
Gender and Stress
86 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
Thomas, S. & Sudhakar, V.U. (1994) Gender role orientation and coping repertoire of women in
the management of military induced stress, Journal of Indian Psychology, 12(1-2), pp. 49-61
(Gender identity and gender roles)
van Wijk, C. (1997) Factors inuencing burnout and job stress among military nurses, Military
Medicine, 162(10), pp. 707-710
(Gender, career and deployment)
Wineld, A.C., Moore, J., Bracker, M. & Johnson, C.W. (1997) Risk factors associated with stress
reactions in female Marines, Military Medicine, 162(10), pp. 698-702
n ❘ Gender and Stress – Reports, etc.
Jordan, K. (2001) The Nature and Outcomes for Women of Stressors Associated with Militar y Life,
Research Triangle Park, NC: Research Triangle Institute, 125pp
Ursano, R.J., Norwood, A.E., Fullerton, C.S., Sutton, L.K. & Gabbay, F.H. (1996) Sex dierences, Stress,
and Military Readiness, Bethesda, MD: Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences,
366pp
Ursano, R.J. (1995) Gender Role Stress, Mental Health Risk Factors and Mental Health Sequela in
Deployed Versus Non-Deployed and Pilot-Rated Versus Non-Rated Active Duty Women Versus Men,
Bethesda, MD: Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 94pp
Ursano, R.J. (1995) Gender, Stress and Coping in the US Military. Volume 1, Trauma, Stress and Health:
Military Women in Combat, Deployment and Contingency Operations, Bethesda, MD: Uniformed
Services University of the Health Sciences, 317pp
Ursano, R.J. (1995) Gender, Stress and Coping in the US Military. Volume II, Historical Perspectives
on Acculturation, Performance, Deployment, and Contingency Stress, Bethesda, MD: Uniformed
Services University of the Health Sciences, 170pp
Ursano, R.J. (1995) Gender, Stress and Coping in the US Military. Volume III, Performance, Bethesda,
MD: Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 260pp
Vickers Jr., R.R. & Martin, J.R. (1997) Organizational Inuences on Gender Dierences in Stress and
Strain Aboard US Navy Ships, San Diego, CA: Naval Health Research Center, 48pp
n ❘ Gender and the Body – Journal Articles
Armitage, J. (2003) Militarized Bodies: An Introduction, Body & Society, 9(4), pp. 1-12
Bishop, R. & Phillips, J. (2003) The Curious Logic of the Hinge and the (Post)colonial Military Body,
Body and Society, 9(4), pp. 69-88
Graham, P. & Luke, A. (2003) Militarizing the Body Politic: New Mediations as Weapons of Mass
Instruction, Body and Society, 9(4), pp. 149-168
Gray, C.H. (2003) Posthuman Soldiers in Postmodern War, Body & Society, 9(4) pp. 215-226
Gender and the Body
87
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Hilsdon, A.M. (1996) From civilian to military: bodily transformations and transgressions in
phillippine militaries, Minerva: Quarterly Report on Women and the Military, 14, pp. 69-126
Hockey, J. (2002) “Head Down, Bergen on, Mind in Neutral”: the Infantry Body, Journal of Political
& Military Sociology, 30(1), pp. 148-171
Höp, H.J. (2003) Becoming a (Virile) Member: Women and the Military Body, Body and Society,
9(4), pp. 13-30
Johnson, N.A. (1997) The history of the army weight standards, Military Medicine, 162(8), pp. 564-570
Lukács, L., Murányi, I. & Tury, F. (2007) Eating and Body Attitudes Related to Noncompetitive
Bodybuilding in Military and General Hungarian Male Student Populations, Military Medicine,
172(2), pp. 152-156
(Masculinities)
Maguire, M.S., Meredith, H.V. & Spurgeon, J.H. (1988) Comparison of Body Size and Form among
Ethnic-Groups of Active Duty United States Army Men and Women Referred to a Weight Control
Program, Human Biology, 60(4), pp. 579-585
Malavolti, M., Battistini, N.C., Dugoni, M., Bagni, B., Bagni, I. & Pietrobelli, A. (2008) Eect of
Intense Military Training on Body Composition, Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research,
22(2), pp. 503-508
Masters, C. (2005) Bodies of technology, International Feminist Journal of Politics, 7(1), pp. 112-132
Ricciardi, R., Deuster, P.A. & Talbot, L.A. (2007) Eects of Gender and Body Adiposity on
Physiological Responses to Physical Work While Wearing Body Armor, Military Medicine, 172(7),
pp. 743-748
Sasson-Levy, O. (2008) Individual bodies collective state interests - The case of Israeli combat
soldiers, Men and Masculinities,10(3), pp. 296-321
(Masculinities)
Shapiro, M.J. (2003) Perpetual War, Body & Society, 9(4), pp. 109-122
(Masculinities)
Sion, L. & Ben-Ari, E. (2008) Imagined Masculinity: Body, Sexuality, and Family among Israeli
Military Reserves, Symbolic Interaction, 32(1), pp. 21-43
(Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) issues)
n ❘ Gender and the Body – Books
Buttsworth, S. (2007) Body Count - Gender and Soldier Identity in Australia and the United States,
Saarbrücken, Germany: VDM Verlag Dr. Mueller e.K., 296pp
(Gender identity and gender roles)
Craik, J. (2005) Uniforms exposed: from conformity to transgression, New York, NY: Berg, 268pp
n ❘ Gender and the Body – Reports, etc.
Conway, J.M., Van Loan, M.D. & Hodgdon, J.A. (1998) Body composition in military or military
eligible women, Beltsville, MD: Department of Agriculture, 47pp
(Gender, nutrition and eating disorder)
88 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
Friedl, K.E., Vogel, J.A., Bovee, M.W. & Jones, B.H. (1989) Assessment of Body Weight Standards
in Male and Female Army Recruits, Natick, MA: US Army Research Institute of Environmental
Medicine, 96pp
(Gender, nutrition and eating disorder)
n ❘ Gender and the Body – Ph.D Theses (non-military)
Buttsworth, S. (2003) Body count: the politics of representing the gendered body in combat in
Australia and the United States [Ph.D Thesis], Perth, WA: University of Western Australia, 394pp
n ❘ Gender and Veterans – Journal Articles
Araneta, N.R.G., Kamens, D.R., Zau, A.C., Gastanaga, V.M., Schlangen, K.M., Hiliopoulos, K.M. &
Gray, G.C. (2004) Conception and pregnancy during the Persian Gulf War: The risk to women
veterans, Annals of Epidemiology, 14(2), pp. 109-116
(Pregnancy and child care)
Asmundson, G.J., Wright, K.D. & Stein, M.B. (2004) Pain and PTSD symptoms in female veterans,
European Journal of Pain, 8(4), pp. 345-350
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Baechtold, M. & De Sawal, D.M. (2009) Meeting the Needs of Women Veterans, New Directions for
Student Services, (126), pp. 35-43
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Bean-Mayberry, B.A., Yano, E.M., Carey, C.D., Altman, L. & Washington, D.L. (2007) Organizational
Characteristics Associated with the Availability of Women’s Health Clinics for Primary Care in the
Veterans Health Administration, Military Medicine, 172(8), pp. 824-828
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Benda, B.B. (2004) Gender dierences in the rehospitalization of substance abusers among
homeless military veterans, Journal of Drug Issues, 34(4), pp. 723-750
(Gender, alcohol and substance use)
Benda, B.B. & House, H.A. (2003) Does PTSD Dier According to Gender among Military Veterans?,
Journal of Family Social Work, 7(1), pp. 15-34
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Boscarino, J.A. (1995) Post-Traumatic Stress and Associated Disorders Among Vietnam Veterans:
The Signicance of Combat Exposure and Social Support, Journal of Traumatic Stress, 8(2), pp. 317-336
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Bradley, C. (2007) Veteran status and marital aggression: Does military service make a dierence?,
Journal of Family Violence, 22(4), pp. 197-209
(Gender and spouse abuse)
Campbell, R. & Raja, S. (2005) The Sexual Assault and Secondary Victimization of Female
Veterans: Help-Seeking Experiences with Military and Civilian Social Systems, Psychology of
Women Quarterly, 29(1), pp. 97-106
(Gender, sexual harassment and abuse in a military context)
Gender and Veterans
89
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Cooney Jr., R.T., Segal, M.D., Segal, D.R. & Falk, W.W. (2003) Racial Dierences in the Impact of
Military Service on the Socioeconomic Status of Women Veterans, Armed Forces & Society, 30(1),
pp. 53–85
(Gender, race and ethnicity)
Cotton, S.R., Skinner, K.M. & Sullivan, L.M. (2000) Social support among women veterans, Journal
of Women and Aging, 12(1-2), pp. 39-62
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Cypel, Y. & Kang, H. (2008) Mortality patterns among women Vietnam-era veterans: Results of a
retrospective cohort study, Annals of Epidemiology, 18(3), pp. 244-252
(Gender, mental and physical health)
David, W.S., Simpson, T.L. & Cotton, A.J. (2006) A Pilot Curriculum of Self-Defense and Personal
Safety Training for Female Veterans With PTSD Because of Military Sexual Trauma, Journal of
Interpersonal Violence, 21(4), pp. 555-565
(Gender, sexual harassment and abuse in a military context)
DeRoma, J.M., Root, L.P. & Smith Jr, S. (2003) Socioenvironmental context of sexual trauma and
well-being of women veterans, Military Medicine, 168(5), p. 399-403
(Gender, sexual harassment and abuse in a military context)
Dienstfrey, S.J. (1988) Women Veterans’ Exposure to Combat, Armed Forces & Society, 14(4), pp.
549-558
(Women in combat)
Feczer, D. & Bjorklund, P. (2009) Forever Changed: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Female
Military Veterans, A Case Report, Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 45(4), pp. 278-291
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Fontana, A. & Rosenheck, R. (2006) Treatment of Female Veterans with Posttraumatic Stress
Disorder: The Role of Comfort in a Predominantly Male Environment, Psychiatric Quarterly, 77(1),
pp. 55-67
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Forneris, C.A., Buttereld, M.I. & Bosworth, H.B. (2004) Physiological Arousal among Women
Veterans with and without Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Military Medicine, 169(4), pp. 307-312
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Forneris, C.A. (2002) Outpatient care use among female veterans: Dierences between mental
health and non-mental health users, Military Medicine, 167(1), pp. 10-13
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Frayne, S.M., Skinner, K.M., Sullivan, L.M., Tripp, T.J., Hankin, C.S., Kressin, N.R. & Miller, D.R. (1999)
Medical prole of women veterans administration outpatients who report a history of sexual
assault occurring while in the military, Journal of Womens Health & Gender-Based Medicine, 8(6),
pp. 835-845
(Gender, sexual harassment and abuse in a military context)
Frayne, S.M., Yu, W., Yano, E.M., Ananth, L., Iqbal, S., Thrailkill, A. & Phibbs, C.S. (2007) Gender and
use of care: Planning for tomorrow’s veterans health administration, Journal of Womens Health,
16(8), pp. 1188-1199
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Gamache, G., Rosenheck, R. & Tessler, R. (2003) Overrepresentation of women veterans among
90 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
homeless women, American Journal Of Public Health, 93(7), pp. 1132-1136
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Gold, J.I., Taft, C.T., Keehn, M.G., King, D.W., King, L.A. & Samper, R.E. (2007) PTSD Symptom
Severity and Family Adjustment Among Female Vietnam Veterans, Military Psychology, 19(2), pp.
71-81
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Goldzweig, C.L,, Balekian, T.M., Rolon, C., Yano, E.M. & Shekelle, P.G. (2006) The state of women
veterans’ health research, Journal of General Internal Medicine, 21(S3), pp. S82-S92
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Groer, M.W. & Burns, C. (2009) Stress Response in Female Veterans: An Allostatic Perspective,
Rehabilitation Nursing, 34(3), pp. 96-104
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Grubaugh, A.L., Elhai, J.D., Ruggiero, K.J. & Egede, L.E. (2009) Equity in Veterans Aairs Disability
Claims Adjudication in a National Sample of Veterans, Military Medicine, 174(12), pp. 1241-1246
(Women and femininities)
Haskell, S.G., Gordon, K.S., Mattocks, K., Duggal, M., Erdos, J., Justice, A. & Brandt, C.A. (2010)
Gender Dierences in Rates of Depression, PTSD, Pain, Obesity, and Military Sexual Trauma
Among Connecticut War Veterans of Iraq and Afghanistan, Journal of Womens Health, 19(2), pp.
267-271
(Gender, sexual harassment and abuse in a military context)
Haskell, S.G., Bean-Mayberry, B., Goulet, J.L. & Skanderson, M. (2008) Determinants of Hormone
Therapy Discontinuation among Female Veterans Nationally, Military Medicine, 173(1), pp. 91-96
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Haskell, S.G., Papas, R.K., Heapy, A., Reid, M.C. & Kerns, R.D. (2008) The association of sexual trauma
with persistent pain in a sample of women veterans receiving primary care, Pain Medicine, 9(6),
pp. 710-717
(Gender, sexual harassment and abuse in a military context)
Himmelfarb, N., Yaeger, D. & Mintz J (2006) Posttraumatic stress disorder in female veterans with
military and civilian sexual trauma, Journal of Traumatic Stress, 19(6), pp. 837-846
(Gender, sexual harassment and abuse in a military context)
Ho, R.A. & Rosenheck, R.A. (1998) Female veterans’ use of Department of Veterans Aairs health
care services, Medical Care, 36(7), pp. 1114-1119
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Huynh-Hohnbaum, A.L.T., Damron-Rodriguez, J., Washington, D.L., Villa, V. & Harada, N. (2003)
Exploring the diversity of women veterans’ identity to improve the delivery of veterans’ health
services, Alia: Journal Of Women and Social Work, 18(2), 165-176
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Jules-Dehner, N. (1997) Under Fire: Soviet Women Combat Veterans, Minerva: Quarterly Report on
Women and the Military, 15, pp. 1-12
(Women in combat)
Kang, H., Dalager, N., Mahan, C. & Ishii, E. (2005) The role of sexual assault on the risk of PTSD
among Gulf War veterans, Annals of Epidemiology, 15(3), pp. 191-195
(Gender, sexual harassment and abuse in a military context)
91
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Kang, H.K., Mahan, C.M., Lee, K.Y., Magee, C.A. & Selvin, S. (2000) Prevalence of gynecologic
cancers among female Vietnam veterans, Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine,
42(11), pp. 1121-1127
(Womens health issues)
Katz, L.S., Cojucar, G., Davenport, C.T., Pedram, C. & Lindl, C. (2010) Post-Deployment Readjustment
Inventory: Reliability, Validity, and Gender Dierences, Military Psychology, 22(1), pp. 41-56
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Kimerling, R., Gima, K., Smith, M.W., Street, A. & Frayne, S. (2007) The Veterans Health
Administration and military sexual trauma, American Journal of Public Health, 97(12), pp. 2160-
2166
(Gender, sexual harassment and abuse in a military context)
King, D.W. (1996)And Others Prewar Factors in Combat-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder:
Structural Equation Modeling with a National Sample of Female and Male Vietnam Veteran,
Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64(3), pp. 520-531
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Kressin, N.R., Skinner, K., Sullivan, L., Miller, D.R., Frayne, S., Kazis, L. & Tripp, T. (1999) Patient
satisfaction with Department of Veterans Aairs health care: Do women dier from men?,
Military Medicine, 164(4), pp. 283-288
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Lapp, K.G., Bosworth, H.B., Strauss, J.L., Stechuchak, K.M., Horner, R.D., Calhoun, P.S., Meador,
K.G., Lipper, S. & Buttereld, M.I. (2005) Lifetime Sexual and Physical Victimization among Male
Veterans with Combat-Related Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Military Medicine, 170(9), pp. 787-
790
(Gender, sexual harassment and abuse in a military context)
Leda C., Rosenheck R. & Gallup P. (1992) Mental illness among homeless female veterans, Hospital
and Community Psychiatry, 43(10), pp. 1026-1028
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Leskela, J., Dieperink, M. & Kok, C.J. (2001) Group treatment with sexually assaulted male
veterans: A year in review, Group, 25(4), pp. 303-319
(Gender, sexual harassment and abuse in a military context)
McCall-Hosenfeld J.S., Liebschutz J.M., Spiro A. & Seaver M.R. (2009) Sexual assault in the military
and its impact on sexual satisfaction in women veterans: A proposed model, Journal of Women’s
Health, 18(6), pp. 901-909
(Gender, sexual harassment and abuse in a military context)
Murdoch, M., Polusny, M.A., Hodges, J. & O’Brien, N. (2004) Prevalence of In-Service and Post-
Service Sexual Assault among Combat and Noncombat Veterans Applying for Department of
Veterans Aairs Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Disability Benets, Military Medicine, 169(5), pp.
392-395
(Gender, sexual harassment and abuse in a military context)
Murdoch, M. & Nichol, K.L. (1995) Women Veterans’ Experiences With Domestic Violence and
With Sexual Harassment While in the Military, Archives of Family Medicine, 4(5), pp. 411-418
(Gender, sexual harassment and abuse in a military context)
O’Brien, C., Gaher, R.M., Pope, C. & Smiley, P. (2008) Diculty identifying feelings predicts the
persistence of trauma symptoms in a sample of veterans who experienced military sexual
92 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
trauma, Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 196(3), pp. 252-255
(Gender, sexual harassment and abuse in a military context)
Ouimette, P., Wolfe, J., Daley, J. & Gima, K. (2003) Use of VA health care services by women
veterans: ndings from a national sample, Women & Health, 38(2), pp. 77-91
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Pennington, R. (1996) “Do Not Speak of the Services You Rendered”: Women Veterans of Aviation
in the Soviet Union, Journal of Slavic Military Studies, 9(1), pp. 120-151
(Women and femininities)
Perreira, A. (2002) Combat trauma and the diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder in female
and male veterans, Military Medicine, 167(1), pp. 23-28
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Pierce, P.F. (2005) Monitoring the health of Persian Gulf War veteran women, Military Medicine,
170(5), pp. 349-354
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Pierce, P.F. (1997) Physical and emotional health of Gulf War veteran women, Aviation Space and
Environmental Medicine, 68(4), pp. 317-321
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Price, D.H. & Knox, J. (1996) Women Vietnam veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder:
Implications for practice, Alia: Journal of Women and Social Work, 11(1), pp. 61-75
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Rothman, G.H. (1984) Needs of female patients in a veterans psychiatric hospital, Social Work,
29(4), pp. 380-385
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Rowe, E.L., Gradus, J.L., Pineles, S.L., Batten, S.V. & Davison, E.H. (2009) Military Sexual Trauma in
Treatment-Seeking Women Veterans, Military Psychology, 21(3), pp. 387-395
(Gender, sexual harassment and abuse in a military context)
Schultz, J.R., Bell, K.M., Naugle, A.E. & Polusny, M.A. (2006) Child Sexual Abuse and Adulthood
Sexual Assault among Military Veteran and Civilian Women, Military Medicine, 171(8), pp. 732-
737
(Gender, sexual harassment and abuse in a military context)
Skinner, K.M., Kressin, N., Frayne, S., Tripp, T.J., Hankin, C.S., Miller, D.R. & Sullivan, L.M. (2000)
The prevalence of military sexual assault among female veterans’ administration outpatients,
Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 15(3), pp. 291-310
(Gender, sexual harassment and abuse in a military context)
Skinner, K.M. & Furey, J. (1998) The focus on women veterans who use Veterans Administration
Health Care: The Veterans Administration Women’s Health Project, Military Medicine, 163(11), pp.
761-766
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Stern, A., Wolfe, J., Daley, J., Zaslavsky, A., Roper, S.F., Wilson, K. (2000) Changing demographic
characteristics of women veterans: results from a national sample, Military Medicine, 165(10), pp.
773-780.
(Women and femininities)
93
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Street, A.E., Vogt, D. & Dutra, L. (2009) A new generation of women veterans: Stressors faced by
women deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan, Clinical Psychology Review, 29(8), pp. 685-694
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Suris, A. & Lind, L. (2008) Military Sexual Trauma: A Review of Prevalence and Associated Health
Consequences in Veterans, Trauma Violence Abuse, 9(4): pp. 250-269
(Gender, sexual harassment and abuse in a military context)
Suris, A., Lind, L., Kashner, M.T. & Borman, P.D. (2007) Mental Health, Quality of Life, and Health
Functioning in Women Veterans: Dierential Outcomes Associated with Military and Civilian
Sexual Assault, Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 22(2), pp. 179-197
(Gender, sexual harassment and abuse in a military context)
Suris, A., Lind, L., Kashner, M.T., Borman, P.D. & Petty, F. (2004) Sexual Assault in Women Veterans:
An Examination of PTSD Risk, Health Care Utilization, and Cost of Care, Psychosomatic Medicine,
66(5), pp. 749-756
(Gender, sexual harassment and abuse in a military context)
Suter, E.A., Lamb, E.N., Marko, M., & Tye-Williams, S. (2006) Female Veterans’ Identity Construction,
Maintenance, and Reproduction, Women & Language, 29(1), pp. 10-15
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Taft, C.T., Pless, A.P., Stalans, L.J., Koenen, K.C., King, L.A. & King, D.W. (2005) Risk Factors for
Partner Violence Among a National Sample of Combat Veterans, Journal of Consulting & Clinical
Psychology, 73(1), pp. 151-159
(Gender and violence)
Teten, A.L., Schumacher, J.A., Bailey, S.D. & Kent, T.A. (2009) Male-to-Female Sexual Aggression
Among Iraq, Afghanistan, and Vietnam Veterans: Co-Occurring Substance Abuse and Intimate
Partner Aggression, Journal of Traumatic Stress, 22(4), pp. 307-311
(Gender and spouse abuse)
Teten, A.L., Sherman, M.D. & Han, X.T. (2009) Violence Between Therapy-Seeking Veterans and
Their Partners Prevalence and Characteristics of Nonviolent, Mutually Violent, and One-Sided
Violent Couples, Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 24(1), pp. 111-127
(Gender and spouse abuse)
Vogt, D.S., Pless, A.P., King, L.A. & King, D.W. (2005) Deployment stressors, gender, and mental
health outcomes among Gulf War I veterans, Journal of Traumatic Stress, 18(2), pp. 115-127
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Vogt, D.S., Pless, A.P., King, L.A. & King, D.W. (2005) Deployment stressors, gender, and mental
health outcomes among Gulf War I veterans, Journal of Traumatic Stress, 18(3), pp. 272-284
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Wagner, C. (1991) Women and the US Military: Invisible Soldier and Veteran. An Annotated
Bibliography, Feminist Teacher, 5(3), pp. 34-39
(Women and femininities)
Washington, D.L., Yano, E.M., McGuire, J., Hines, V. Lee, M. & Gelberg, L. (2010) Risk Factors for
Homelessness among Women Veterans, Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved,
21(1), pp. 81-91
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Washington, D.L., Kleimann, S., Michelini, A.N., Kleimann, K.M. & Canning, M. (2007) Women
Veterans’ Perceptions and Decision-Making about Veterans Aairs Health Care, Military Medicine,
94 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
172(8), pp. 812-817
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Wing, D.M., Oertle, J.R., Cabioc, A.R., Evans, C.M., Smith, D.J. & Stangeby, B.L. (2000) A Student-
Directed Community Project to Support Sexually Abused Women Veterans Suering from Post-
Traumatic Stress Disorder, Public Health Nursing, 17(4), pp. 239-246
(Gender, sexual harassment and abuse in a military context)
Wing, D.M. & Oertle, J.R. (1999) The process of transforming self in women veterans with post-
traumatic stress disorder resulting from sexual abuse, International Journal of Psychiatric Nursing
Research, 5(2), pp. 579-588
(Gender, sexual harassment and abuse in a military context)
Wolfe, J. (2000) Changing demographic characteristics of women Veterans: Results from a
national sample, Military Medicine, 166(10), pp. 773-780
(Women and femininities)
Yaeger, D., Himmelfarb, N., Cammack, A. & Mintz, J. (2006) DSM-IV Diagnosed Posttraumatic
Stress Disorder in Women Veterans With and Without Military Sexual Trauma, Journal of Internal
Medicine, 21(S3), pp. S65-S69
(Gender, sexual harassment and abuse in a military context)
Yano, E.M., Bastian, L.A., Frayne, S.M., Howell, A.L., Lipson, L.R., McGlynn, G., Schnurr, P.P., Seaver,
R., Spungen, A.M. & Fihn, S.D. (2006) Toward a VA women’s health research agenda: Setting
evidence-based priorities to improve the health and health care of women veterans, Journal of
General Internal Medicine, 21(S3), p. S93-S101
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Yano, E.M., Washington, D.L., Goldzweig, C., Carey, C. & Turner, C. (2003) The organization and
delivery of women’s health care in Department of Veterans Aairs medical center, Womens
Health Issues, 13(2), pp. 55-61
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Zatzick, D.F. (1997) Post-traumatic stress disorder and functioning and quality of life outcomes in
female Vietnam veterans, Military Medicine, 162(10), pp. 661-665
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Zinzow, H.M., Grubaugh, A.L., Frueh, B.C. & Magruder, K.A. (2008) Sexual assault, mental health,
and service use among male and female veterans seen in Veterans Aairs primary care clinics: A
multi-site study, Psychiatry Research, 159(1-2), pp. 226-236
(Gender, sexual harassment and abuse in a military context)
Zinzow, H.M., Grubaugh, A.L., Monnier, J., Suoletta-Maierle, S. & Frueh, B.C. (2007) Trauma
among female veterans - A critical review, Trauma Violence & Abuse, 8(4), pp. 384-400
(Gender, mental and physical health)
n ❘ Gender and Veterans – Books
Estes, S. (2008) Ask and Tell: Gay and Lesbian Veterans Speak Out, Chapel Hill, NC: The University
of North Carolina Press, 320pp
(Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) issues)
Holmstedt, K. (2009) The Girls Come Marching Home: Stories of Women Warriors Returning from the
War in Iraq, Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 336pp
(Women in combat)
95
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Willenz, J.A. (1983) Women Veterans: America’s Forgotten Heroines, New York, NY: Continuum
Publishing Company, 252pp
(Women and femininities)
n ❘ Gender and Veterans – Reports, etc.
Manning, L., O’Farrell, B., Stone, A.J. & Wight, V.R. (2001) Women Veterans’ Employment,
Washington, DC: Women’s Research & Education Institute, 78pp
(Gender, career and deployment)
Sato, P.A., Hiliopoulos, K.M., Wang, L., Anderson, C.M., Kamens, D.R., Major, J.M., Morn, C.B.,
Poblete, P.P., Zau, A.C. & Gray, G.C. (2000) Reproductive Outcomes Among Female Gulf War ERA
US Military Veterans: No Evidence of Increased Morbidity, San Diego, CA: Naval Health Research
Center, 32pp
(Pregnancy and child care)
n ❘ Gender and Veterans – Ph.D Theses (non-military)
Jacobs, M.S. (1990) The best of times, the worst of times: the Vietnam experiences of and post-
traumatic stress disorder among female nurse veterans [Ph.D Thesis], Seattle, WA: University of
Washington, 203pp
(Gender and stress)
Mahoney, J. (2001) Resilience to trauma and challenge: the experiences of Australian female RAAF
veterans of the Vietnam war [Ph.D Thesis], Sydney, NSW: Charles Sturt University, 174pp
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Menard, S.W. (1993) Critical learning incidents of female Army nurse Vietnam veterans and their
perceptions of organizational culture in a combat area [Ph.D Thesis], Austin, TX: University of
Texas, 294pp
(Women and femininities)
O’Neill, J.S. (1990) An exploration of the process of coping as experienced by nurses who served in
the Vietnam war [Ph.D Thesis], Austin, TX: University of Texas, 202pp
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Redfern-Vance, N. (1999) Narratives of women veterans: the experience of sexual abuse [Ph.D
Thesis], Tampa, FL: University of South Florida, 258pp
(Gender, sexual harassment and abuse in a military context)
Salvatore, M. (1992) Women after war: Vietnam experiences and post-traumatic stress: contributions
to social adjustment problems of Red Cross workers and military nurses [Ph.D Thesis], Boston, MA:
Simmons College, 172pp
(Gender and stress)
Scuteri, G.M. (1993) Casualties of war and research: a case study of US women veterans of Vietnam
[Ph.D Thesis], West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University, 284pp
(Women and femininities)
Thompson, D.A. (2008) Impact of military experience, psychological distress, gender role conict,
self-concealment and perceived stigma on attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help
in veterans [Ph.D Thesis], Memphis, TN: University of Memphis, 67pp
(Gender, mental and physical health)
96 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
n ❘ Gender and Violence – Journal Articles
Adams, S.R. (2002) Women who are violent: Attitudes and beliefs of professionals working in the
eld of domestic violence, Military Medicine, 167(6), pp. 445-450
(Gender and spouse abuse)
Adams, S.R. (2000) Understanding women who are violent in intimate relationships: Implications
for army family advocacy, Military Medicine, 165(3), pp. 214-218
(Gender and spouse abuse)
Alison, M. (2004) Women as Agents of Political Violence: Gendering Security, Security Dialogue,
35(4), pp. 447-463
Borer, T.A. (2009) Gendered War and Gendered Peace: Truth Commissions and Postconict
Gender Violence: Lessons From South Africa, Violence Against Women, 15(10), pp. 1169-1193
Brittain, V. (2002) Women and war: When women become military targets, Index on Censorship,
31(4), pp. 81-86
Browne, K.R. (2009) Sex dierences in aggression: Origins and implications for sexual integration
of combat forces, Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 32(3-4), p. 270-271
(Gender integration)
Caldwell, R.A. & Mestrovic, S.G. (2008) The Role of Gender in ‘Expressive’ Abuse at Abu Ghraib,
Cultural Sociology, 2(3), pp. 275-299
Campbell, A. & Muncer, S. (1994) Sex-dierences in Aggression – Social Representation and
Social Roles, British Journal of Social Psychology, 33(2),pp. 233-240
Enloe, C.H. (2004) Wielding masculinity inside Abu Ghraib: Making feminist sense of an American
Military Scandal, Asian Journal of Womens Studies, 10(3), pp. 89-102
(Masculinities)
Gat, A. (2000) Female Participation in War: Bio-cultural Interactions, Journal of Strategic Studies,
23(4), pp. 21-31
Holmes, W.C., Gariti, K.O., Sadeghi, L. & Joisa, S.D. (2007) Abuse of War Zone Detainees: Veterans’
Perceptions of Acceptability, Military Medicine, 172(2), pp. 175-181
(Gender and veterans)
Kanuha, V.K., Erwin, P. & Pence, E. (2004) Strange bedfellows: Feminist advocates and US Marines
working to end violence, Alia: Journal of Women & Social Work, 19(4), pp. 358-375
Karner, T.X. (1998) Engendering Violent Men: Oral Histories of Military Masculinity, Research on
Men and Masculinities Series, 10, pp. 197-232
(Masculinities)
Kingsley, R.B. (2009) Sex dierences in aggression: Origins and implications for sexual integration
of combat forces, Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 32(3-4), pp. 270-332
(Gender integration)
Lagerspetz, K.M.J., Bjorkqvist, K., Bjorkqvist, H. & Lunfman, H. (1988) Moral approval of aggression
Gender and Violence
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and sex-role identity in ocer trainees, conscientious objectors to military service, and in a
female reference group, Aggressive Behavior, 14(5), pp. 303-313
(Masculinities)
Myrttinen, H. (2008) Striking Poses - Notes on the Performances of Violent Masculinities in
Conict Situations, NORMA, 3(2), pp. 133-147
(Masculinities)
Sion, L. (2006) “Too Sweet and Innocent for War”?: Dutch Peacekeepers and the Use of Violence,
Armed Forces & Society, 32(3), pp. 454-474
Taft, C.T., Monson, C.M., Hebenstreit, C.L., King, D.W. & King, L.A. (2009) Examining the Correlates
of Aggression Among Male and Female Vietnam Veterans, Violence and Victims, 24(5), pp. 639-
653
Tétreault, M.A. (2006) The Sexual Politics of Abu Ghraib: Hegemony, Spectacle, and the Global
War on Terror, NWSA Journal, 18(3), pp. 33-50
Titunik, R.K. (2009) Are we all torturers now? A reconsideration of women’s violence at Abu
Ghraib, Cambridge Review of International Aairs, 22(2), pp. 257-277
n ❘ Gender and Violence – Books
Feinman, I.R. (2000) Citizenship Rites: Feminist Soldiers and Feminist Antimilitarists, New York, NY:
University Press, 286pp
Giles, W. & Hyndman, J. (Eds.) (2004), Sites of Violence: Gender and Conict Zones, Berkeley, CA:
University of California Press, 361pp
Howes, R.H. & Stevenson, M.R. (1993) Women and the Use of Military Force, Boulder, CO: L.Rienner
Publishers, 247pp
Lindner, E. (2010) Gender, humiliation, and global security: dignifying relationships from love, sex,
and parenthood to world aairs, Westport, CT: Praeger, 305pp
McKelvey, T. & Ehrenreich, B. (2006) One of the Guys: Women as Aggressors and Torturers,
Emeryville, CA: Seal Press, 300pp
Moser, C.N.O. & Clark, F. (Eds.) (2001) Victims, Perpetrators or Actors?: Gender, Armed Conict and
Political Violence, New York, NY: Zed Books, 243pp
(Gender identity and gender roles)
O’Connell, R. (1989) Of Arms and Men: A History of War, Weapons, and Aggression, New York, NY:
Oxford University Press, 367pp
Riley, R.L., Mohanty, C.T. & Pratt, M.B. (Eds.) (2008) Feminism and War: Confronting US Imperalism,
New York, NY: Zed Books, 288pp
Sjoberg, L. & Gentry, C.E. (2007) Mothers, Monsters, Whores: Women’s Violence in Global Politics,
London, UK: Zed Books, 276pp
Sutton, B., Morgen, S. & Novkov, J. (2008) Security Disarmed: Critical Perspectives on Gender, Race,
and Militarization, New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 320pp
98 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
n ❘ Gender and Violence – Reports, etc.
Schroeder, E. & Newhouse, L. (2004) Gender and Small Arms, Moving into the Mainstream, Pretoria,
South Africa: Institute for Security Studies, 48pp
Sjoberg, L. (2007) Gendering the War in Iraq, Boston, MA: The Boston Consortium on Gender,
Security and Human Rights, 11pp
Stern, M. & Nystarnd, M. (2006) Gender and Armed Conict, Stockholm, Sweden: SIDA, 162pp
n ❘ Gender Equality – Journal Articles
Abrams, K. (1993) Gender in the military - androcentrism and institutional reform, Law and
Contemporary Problems, 56(4), pp. 217-241
(Masculinities)
Anagnostaras, G. (2003) Sex equality and compulsory military service: the limits of national
sovereignty over matters of army organisation, European Law Review, 28(5), pp. 713-722
Arabsheibani, G.R. & Manfor, L. (2002) From Farashia to Military Uniform: Male-Female Wage
Dierentials in Libya, Economic development and cultural change, 50(4), pp. 1007-1020
Basham, V.M. (2009) Harnessing Social Diversity in the British Armed Forces: The Limitations of
‘Management’ Approaches, Commonwealth & Comparative Politics, 47(4), pp. 411-429
(Masculinities)
Becraft, C.H. (1989) Women and the Military: Bureaucratic Policies and Politics, The Bureaucrat,
18(3), pp. 33-36
Browne, K.R. (2001) Women at war: An evolutionary perspective, Bualo Law Review, 49(1), pp.
51-247
Cobbold, R. (2000) Part of my job: equal opportunities in the armed forces, RUSI Journal, 145(5),
pp. 8-14
(Gender, career and deployment)
Cock, J. (1995) Forging a New Army out of Old Enemies: Women in the South African Military,
Women’s Studies Quarterly, 23(3-4), pp. 97-111
Cock, J. (1994) Women and the military – implications for demilitarization in the 1990s in South-
Africa, Gender and Society, 8(2), pp. 152-169
Dandeker, C. (1994) New Times for the Military – Some Sociological Remarks on the Changing-
role and Structure of the Armed Forces of the Advanced Societies, British Journal of Sociology,
45(4), pp. 637-654
Dansby, M.R. & Landis, D. (1998) Race, gender, and representation index as predictors of an equal
opportunity climate in military organizations, Military Psychology, 10(2), pp. 87-105
Daula, T., Smith, D. A. & Nord, R. (1990) Inequality in the Military: Fact or Fiction?, American
Sociological Review, 55(5), pp. 714-718
Gender Equality
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Donegan, C. (1996) New military culture: do women, blacks and homosexuals get fair treatment?,
CQ-Researcher, 6(16), pp. 363-383
(Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) issues)
Edwards, J.E., Rosenfeld, P. Thomas, M.D., Thomas, P.J. & Newell, C.E. (1994) Diversity research
in the United States Navy: An update, International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 18(4), pp.
521-538
(Gender, sexual harassment and abuse in a military context)
Estrada, A.X., Stetz, M.C. & Harbke, C.R. (2007) Further examination and renement of the
psychometric properties of the MEOCS with data from reserve component personnel,
International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 31(2), pp. 137-161
Golan, G. (1997) Militarization and gender: The Israeli experience, Womens Studies International
Forum, 20(5-6), pp. 581-586
Heinecken, L. & van der Waag-Cowling, N. (2009) The Politics of Race and Gender in the South
African Armed Forces: Issues, Challenges, Lessons, Commonwealth & Comparative Politics, 47(4),
pp. 517-538
Heinecken, L. (2002) Arming Gender Equality: The Challenges Facing the South African Armed
Forces, Current Sociology, 50(5), pp. 715-728
Howard, J.L. (2006) The Role of Culture in Shaping Perceptions of Discrimination among Active
Duty and Reserve Forces in the US Military, Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 18(3),
pp. 171-187
Hunter, R.W. (1981) Military Discrimination, Society, 18(3), pp. 45-48
Iskra, D.M., Trainor, S., Leithauser, M. & Segal, M.W. (2002) Women’s Participation in Armed Forces
Cross-Nationally: Expanding Segal’s Model, Current Sociology, 50(5), pp. 771-797
Lockett, K. (2008) The Mechanisms of Exclusion: Women in Conict, Feminist Legal Studies, 16(3),
pp. 369-376
McCoy, M. (1995) Combat in the Courts: Gender Equity in the Military, Minerva: Quarterly Report
on Women and the Military, 13, pp. 69-95
Moon, S. (2002) Beyond Equality Versus Dierence: Professional Women Soldiers in the South
Korean Army, Social Politics, 9, pp. 212-247
Murname, L.S. (2007) Legal impediments to service: women in the military and the rule of law,
Duke Journal of Gender Law & Policy, 14(2), pp. 1061-1096
Pershing, J.L. (2001) Gender Disparities in Enforcing the Honor Concept at the US Naval Academy,
Armed Forces & Society, 27(3), pp. 419-442
(Gender and military education)
Pettersson, L., Persson, A. & Berggren, A.W. (2008) Changing Gender Relations: Women Ocers’
Experiences in the Swedish Armed Forces, Economic and Industrial Democracy, 29(2), pp. 192-216
Rimalt, N. (2007) Women in the sphere of masculinity: the double-edged sword of women’s
integration in the military, Duke Journal of Gender Law & Policy, 14(2), pp. 1097-1119
Rimalt, N. (2003) When a Feminist Struggle Becomes a Symbol of the Agenda as a Whole: The
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Example of Women in the Military, Nashim: A Journal of Jewish Women’s Studies & Gender Issues,
6(1), pp. 148-164
Robbins, J. & Ben-Eliezer, U. (2000) New roles or “new times”? Gender inequality and militarism in
Israel’s nation-in-arms, Social Politics, 7(3), pp. 309-342
Rosenfeld, P., Newell, C.E. & Le, S. (1998) Equal Opportunity Climate of Women and Minorities in
the Navy: Results From the Navy Equal Opportunity/Sexual Harassment (NEOSH) Survey, Military
Psychology, 10(2), pp. 69-85
(Gender, career and deployment)
Sasson-Levy, O. (2007) Contradictory consequences of mandatory conscription - The case of
women secretaries in the Israeli military, Gender & Society, 21(4), pp. 481-507
(Gender stereotypes)
Seegers, A. & Taylor, S. (2008) Transformation in the South African Military: A Study of the Gender-
Representivity Component in the South African Navy, Politikon, 35(3), pp. 357-378
Shalit, B. (1978) Strategies of change leading to equity between men and women with specic
implications for military organizations, Human Relations, 31(4), pp. 309-324
Strenina, E.A. (2006) Urgent problems of women’s involvement in military service in the armed
forces of CIS countries, Military Thought, 15(3), pp. 99-102
Truhon, S.A. (2008) Equal opportunity climate in the United States military: Are dierences in the
eye of the beholder? European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 17(1), pp. 153-169
Trybus, M. (2003) Sisters in Arms: European Community Law and Sex Equality in the Armed
Forces, European Law Journal, 9(5), pp. 631-658
Vojdik, V.K. (2002) The invisibility of gender in war (women in the US military), Duke Journal of
Gender Law & Policy, 9, pp. 261-270
Walsh, S.P. (2007) The Roar of the Lion City: Ethnicity, Gender, and Culture in the Singapore
Armed Forces, Armed Forces & Society, 33(2), pp. 265-285
Westhusing, T.S. (2006) Equality within Military Organizations, Journal of Militar y Ethics, 5(1), pp.
5-11
Winn, J.E. (1995) A practitioner’s guide to race and gender neutrality in the military courtroom,
Army Lawyer, (270), pp. 32-41
Winslow, D. (2009) Gender Mainstreaming: Lessons for Diversity, Commonwealth & Comparative
Politics, 47(4), pp. 539-558
Woodward, R. & Winter, P. (2006) Gender and the limits to diversity in the contemporary British
Army, Gender Work and Organization, 13(1), pp. 45-67
n ❘ Gender Equality – Books
Cock, J. (1994) Colonels & Cadres: War & Gender in South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa: Oxford
University Press, 264pp
D’Amico, F. & Weinstein, L. (Eds.) (1999) Gender Camouage: Women and the US Military, New York,
NY: New York University Press, 279pp
101
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Eisenstein, Z. (2007) Sexual Decoys: Gender, Race and War in Imperial Democracy, London, UK: Zed
Books, 142pp
Katzenstein, M.F. (1999) Beyond Zero Tolerance: Discrimination in Military Culture, Lanham, MD:
Rowman & Littleeld Publishers, 308pp
(Gender, sexual harassment and abuse in a military context)
Katzenstein, M.F. (1999) Faithful and Fearless – Moving Feminist Protest Inside the Church and
Military, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 288pp
Murray, G. (2003) Covering sex, race, and gender in the American militar y services, Lewiston, NY:
Edwin Mellen Press, 153pp
n ❘ Gender Equality – Reports, etc.
Burton, C. (1996) Women in the Australian Defence Force Two Studies: (1) The Cultural, Social and
Institutional Barriers Impeding the Merit-Based Progression of Women (2) The Reasons Why More
Women are not Making the Australian Defence Force a Long-term Career, Canberra, ACT: Director
Publishing and Visual Communications Defence Centre, 274pp
(Gender, career and deployment)
Cheatham, H.E. (1988) Gender and racial equity in US military occupational distribution, Patrick
AFB, FL: The Defense Equal Opportunity Management Institute, 23pp
Coulthard, J. (2009) A gap analysis of employment equity and diversity research in the Canadian
Forces, Ottawa, ON: Directorate of General Military Personnel Research & Analysis, 56pp
CWINF (2008) Improving the Gender Balance - A Selected List of Best Practices, Brussels, Belgium:
The Committee on Women in the NATO Forces (CWINF), 42pp
Directorate of Military Gender Integration and Employment Equity (2003) Employment equity
and diversity leadership: one team, many faces: a tip book for the Canadian Forces, Ottawa, ON:
Directorate of Military Gender Integration and Employment Equity, 49pp
International Conference of the Inter-University Seminar on Armed Forces and Society (1984)
Women in the United States armed forces: progress and barriers in the 1980s, Chicago, IL: Inter-
University Seminar on Armed Forces and Society, 262pp
Moore, B.L. (1998) How Do Active Duty Women Perceive the Army’s Equal Opportunity Climate?,
Patrick AFB, FL: The Defense Equal Opportunity Management Institute, 40pp
Scarville, J., Button, S.B., Edwards, J.E., Lancaster, A.R. & Elig, T.W. (1999) 1999 Armed Forces Equal
Opportunity Survey, Arlington, VA: Defense Manpower Data Center
Scarville, J., Button, S.B., Edwards, J.E., Lancaster, A.R. & Elig, T.W. (1997) Armed Forces Equal
Opportunity Survey, Arlington, VA: Defense Manpower Data Center, 296pp
Silva, J.M. (1994) Examining the Self-Development Test for Race and Gender Fairness, Alexandria,
VA: Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences, 51pp
Tanner, L. (1992) The Career Progression of Women in the Canadian Forces – Is there a Glass Ceiling?,
Ottawa, ON: Defense Research & Development Canada, 73pp
(Gender, career and deployment)
Thomas, M.D. & Thomas, P.J. (1997) The nature of gender discrimination in the Navy, San Diego, CA:
Navy Personnel Research and Development Center, 17pp
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Thomas, P.J. & Thomas, M.D. (1993) Absences of Navy enlisted personnel: a search for gender
dierences, San Diego, CA: Navy Personnel Research and Development Center, 20pp
UK Chief of the General Sta (2008) The Chief of The General Sta’s Equality and Diversity Directive
for the Army, London, UK: Chief of the General Sta, 16pp
UK Ministry of Defence (2008) Equality & Diversity Schemes 2008-2011 – Incorporating Armed
Forces, Wider Ministry of Defence and Ministry of Defence Police, London, UK: Ministry of Defence,
194pp
UK Ministry of Defence (2007) Equality and Diversity Scheme - Annual Report 2007-2008, London,
UK: Ministry of Defence, 88pp
UNIFEM (2006) Advancing Gender Equality – Using CEDAW and UN Security Council Resolution
1325, New York, NY: UNIFEM, 198pp
(UN resolution 1325)
United Nations (2006) Policy Dialogue to Review Strategies for Enhancing Gender Balance among
Uniformed Personell in Peacekeeping Missions, New York, NY: United Nations 32pp
(Gender and peace building)
United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations (2006) Gender Equality in UN
Peacekeeping Operations, New York, NY: United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations,
10pp
(Gender and peace building)
US Committee on Armed Services (1992) Gender Discrimination in the Military, Washington, DC:
GPO, 128pp
US Defense Manpower Data Center (2009) 2007 Workplace and Equal Opportunity Survey of
Reserve Component Members: Tabulation of Responses, Arlington, VA: Defense Manpower Data
Center, 722pp
US Defense Manpower Data Center (2008) 2006 Workplace and Gender Relations Survey of Active
Duty Members: Tabulations of Responses. Volume 2: Coast Guard Members, Arlington, VA: Defense
Manpower Data Center, 358pp
US Defense Manpower Data Center (2005) 2004 Workplace and Gender Relations Survey of Reserve
Component Members: Tabulations of Responses, Arlington, VA: Defense Manpower Data Center,
750pp
US General Accounting Oce (1999) Military housing: costs of separate barracks for male and
female recruits in basic training, Washington, DC: US General Accounting Oce, 25pp
US General Accounting Oce (1998) Gender issues: information to assess servicemembers’
perceptions of gender inequities is incomplete, Washington, DC: US General Accounting Oce,
53pp
US General Accounting Oce (1996) Military equal opportunity certain trends in racial and gender
data may warrant further analysis, Washington, DC: US General Accounting Oce, 41pp
n ❘ Gender Equality – Ph.D Theses (non-military)
Nixon, G.J. (1994) Gender discrimination in the civil service: a discriminant analysis of US Army case
les [D.P.A. Thesis], Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama, 267pp
103
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Ryan, D.M. (2008) In their place: measuring gender attitudes and egalitarianism among US Army
personnel [Ph.D Thesis], Raleigh, NC: North Carolina State University, 133pp
(Attitudes towards women in the military)
n ❘ Gender Equality – Ph.D & Master Theses (military)
McFarland, A.J. (1977) Dierentiation versus discrimination [Master Thesis], Fort Leavenworth, KS:
US Army Command and General Sta College, 189pp
Reienstein, A. (2009) Gender mainstreaming in the Canadian Forces [Master Thesis], Toronto, ON:
Canadian Forces College, 97pp
Walker, W.P. Walker, W.P. (1996) Legal Issues In Intercollegiate Athletics: An Analysis of Gender Equity,
Contract, and Tort Liability Litigation from 1990-1995 [Ph.D Thesis], Wright-Patterson AFB, OH: US
Air Force Institute of Technology, 439pp
n ❘ Gender Identity and Gender Roles – Journal Articles
Atherton, S. (2009) Domesticating military masculinities: home, performance and the negotiation
of identity, Social & Cultural Geography, 10(8), pp. 821-826
(Masculinities)
Atzori, M., Lombardi, L., Fraccaroli, F., Battistelli, A. & Zaniboni, S. (2008) Organizational
socialization of women in the Italian Army; Learning processes and proactive tactics, Journal of
Workplace Learning, 20(5), p. 327-347
Barnes, M.L. (2007) “But some of (them) are brave”: identity performance, the military, and the
dangers of an integration success story, Duke Journal of Gender Law & Policy, 14(2), pp. 693-648
(Gender integration)
Basham, V.M. (2008) Everyday Gendered Experiences and the Discursive Construction of Civilian
and Military Identities in Britain, NORMA, 3(2), pp. 151-161
Carreiras, H. (1999) The Role of Women in the Armed Forces of NATO Countries: Military
Constraints and Professional Identities, Minerva: Quarterly Report on Women and the Military, 17
Dar, Y. & Kimhi, S. (2004) Youth in the Military: Gendered Experiences in the Conscript Service in
the Israeli Army, Armed Forces & Society, 30(3), pp. 433–459
Dar, Y. & Kimhi, S. (2001) Military Service and Self-Perceived Maturation Among Israeli Youth,
Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 30(4), pp. 427-448
Dellas, M. & Jernigan, L.P. (1987) Occupational identity status development, gender comparisons,
and internal-external control in rst-year air force cadets, Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 16(6),
pp. 587-600
(Gender and military education)
Eshkol, E., Lieblich, A., Bar-Yosef, R. & Wiseman, H. (1987) Some correlates of adjustment of Israeli
women-soldiers to their military roles, Israel Social Science Research, 5(1-2), pp. 17-28
Gender Identity and Gender Roles
104 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
Fletcher, J.W., McMahon, J.S. & Quester, A. (1993) Tradition, Technology, and the Changing Roles
of Women in the Navy, Minerva: Quarterly Report on Women and the Military, 11, pp. 57-85
Flood, M. (2008) Men, Sex, and Homosociality: How Bonds between Men Shape Their Sexual
Relations with Women, Men and Masculinities, 10(3), pp. 339-359
(Masculinities)
Hale, H.C. (2008) The development of British military masculinities through symbolic resources,
Culture & Psychology, 14(3), pp. 305-332
(Masculinities)
Haaland, T.L. (2008) Invisible women and friendly war-ghters: Perceptions of gender and
masculinities in the Norwegian armed forces, NORMA, 3(2), pp. 168-179
Jereys, S. (2007) Double jeopardy: Women, the US military and the war in Iraq, Womens Studies
International Forum, 30(1), pp. 16-25
(Masculinities)
Just, S.N. (2006) Embattled agencies: How mass mediated comparisons of Lyndie England
and Jessica Lynch aect the identity positions available to female soldiers in the US army,
Scandinavian Journal of Management, 22(2), pp. 99-119
(Gender stereotypes)
Lahelma, E. (2005) Finding communalities, making dierences, performing masculinities:
reections of young men on military service, Gender and Education, 17(3), pp. 305-317
(Masculinities)
Levy-Schreiber, E. & Ben-Ari, E. (2000) Body-building, Charcter-building and Nation-building:
Gender and Military Service in Israel, Studies in Contemporay Jewry, 16, pp 171-190
(Masculinities)
Lobasz, J.K. (2008) The woman in peril and the ruined woman: Representations of female soldiers
in the Iraq War, Journal of Women Politics & Policy, 29(3),pp. 305-334
Migliaccio, T. (2009) Men’s Friendships: Performances of Masculinity, Journal of Men’s Studies,
17(3), pp. 226-241
(Masculinities)
Moon, S. (2005) Trouble with Conscription, Entertaining Soldiers: Popular Culture and the Politics
of Militarized Masculinity in South Korea, Men and Masculinities, 8(1), pp. 64-92
(Masculinities)
Natzio, G. (2001) On the Military Signicance of Being Female, British Army Review, (126), pp. 12-18
Patterson, J.M. & McCubbin, H.I. (1984) Gender roles and coping, Journal of Marriage & the Family,
46(1), pp. 95-104
Persson, A. (2010) Soldiers and secretaries: Gendered boundary work in the Swedish Armed
Forces, Scandinavian Journal of Management, 26(2), pp. 166-175
Rhoda, K. (2005) Boys or men? Duped or “made”? Palestinian soldiers in the Israeli military,
American Ethnologist, 32(2), pp. 260-275
(Masculinities)
Rosen, L.N., Weber, J.P. & Martin, L. (2000) Gender-related personal attributes and psychological
adjustment among US Army soldiers, Military Medicine, 165(1), pp. 54-59
105
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Sasson-Levy, O. (2003) Feminism and military gender practices: Israeli women soldiers in
“masculine” roles, Sociological Inquiry, 73(3), pp. 440-465
(Gender stereotypes)
Sasson-Levy, O. (2002) Constructing identities at the margins: Masculinities and citizenship in
the Israeli army, Sociological Quarterly, 43(3), pp. 357-383
(Masculinities)
Segal, M.W. (1995) Womens military roles cross-nationally – past, present, and future, Gender &
Society, 9(6), pp. 757-775
Seifert, R. (1992) Constructions of masculinity – The military as a discursive power, Argument,
34(6), pp. 859-872
(Masculinities)
Silva, J.M. (2008) A New Generation of Women? How Female ROTC Cadets Negotiate the Tension
between Masculine Military Culture and Traditional Femininity, Social Forces, 87(2), 937-960
(Gender stereotypes)
Sjoberg, L. (2007) Agency, Militarized Femininity and Enemy Others: Observations From The War
In Iraq, International Feminist Journal of Politics, 9(1), pp. 82-101
Suzik, J.R. (1999) “Building Better Men”: The CCC Boy and the Changing Social Ideal of Manliness,
Men & Masculinities, 2(2), pp. 152-179
(Masculinities)
Taber, N. (2005) Learning How to be a Woman in the Canadian Forces/Unlearning it Through
Feminism: An Autoethnography of My Learning Journey, Studies in Continuing Education, 27(3),
pp. 289-301
Theidon, K. (2009) Reconstructing Masculinities: The Disarmament, Demobilization, and
Reintegration of Former Combatants in Colombia, Human Rights Quarterly, 31(1), pp. 1-34
(Masculinities)
Thomas, P.J. & Durning, K.P. (1978) The Young Navy Woman: Her Work and Role Orientation,
Youth and Society, 10(2), pp. 135-158
Walker, C., Gleaves, A. & Peart, D. (2003) Problems in the Construction of Gender and Professional
Identities for Women in a United Kingdom Merchant Navy Training School, Research in Post-
Compulsory Education, 8(3), pp. 285-304
(Gender and military education)
Weiss, M. (1998) Engendering the Gulf War - Israeli nurses and the discourse of soldiering, Journal
of Contemporary Ethnography, 27(2), pp. 197-218
Wilcox, L. (2009) Gendering the Cult of the Oensive, Security Studies, 18(2), pp. 214-240
Williams, C. & Gilroy, C. (2006) The Transformation of Personnel Policies, Defence Studies, 6(1), pp. 97-121
Woodward, R. (2000) Warrior heroes and little green men: Soldiers, military training, and
construction of rural masculinities, Rural Sociology, 65(4), pp. 640-657
(Masculinities)
Woodward, R. (1998) `It’s a Man’s Life!’: soldiers, masculinity and the countryside, Gender, Place &
Culture: A Journal of Feminist Geography, 5(3), pp. 277-300
(Masculinities)
106 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
Yoder, J.D. & Adams, J. (1984) Women entering nontraditional roles: When work demands and
sex-roles conict: The case of West Point, International Journal of Women’s Studies, 7(3), pp. 260-
272
(Gender and military education)
Yunzhu, Y. (1995) Chinese Women’s Role in the People’s Liberation Army, Army Quarterly and
Defence Journal, 125(4), pp. 414-419
n ❘ Gender Identity and Gender Roles – Books
Burke, C. (2004) Camp All-American, Hanoi Jane, and the High and Tight: Gender, Folklore, and
Changing Military Culture, Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 264pp
(Gender, hazing and bullying)
Dawson, G. (1994) Soldier Heroes: British Adventure, Empire and the Imagining of Masculinities,
Londoon: Routledge, 368pp
(Masculinities)
Disler, E.A. (2008) Language and Gender in the Military: Honorics, Narrative, and Ideology in Air
Force Talk, Amherst, NY: Cambria Press, 244pp
(Gender stereotypes)
Enloe, C. (2007) Globalization and Militarism: Feminists Make the Link, Lanham, MD: Rowman &
Littleeld. 2007. 187 pp
Enloe, C. (2000) Maneuvers: The International Politics of Militarizing Women’s Lives, Berkeley, CA:
University of California Press, 437pp
Enloe, C. (1988) Does Khaki Become You? The Militarization of Women’s Lives, Boston, MA: Pandora,
270pp
Fusco, C. (2008) A Field Guide for Female Interrogators, New York, NY: Seven Stories Press, 208pp
Goldstein, J.H. (2001) War and Gender: how gender shapes the war system and vice versa,
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 523pp
Hagemann, K. & Schuler-Springorum, S. (Eds.) (2002) Home/Front: The Military, War and Gender in
Twentieth-Century Germany, Oxford, UK: Berg Publishers, 256pp
(Gender equality)
Higate, P.R. (Ed.) (2003) Military Masculinities: Identity and the State, London, UK: Praeger, 233pp
(Masculinities)
Lorentzen, L.A. & Turpin, J.E. (Eds.) (1998) The women and war reader, New York, NY: New York
University Press, 382pp
Muir, K. (1992) Arms and the Woman, London, UK: Sinclair-Stevenson, 209pp
(Gender, physical and psychological ability)
Segal, D.R. & Sinaiko, H.W. (1986) Life in the Rank and File: Enlisted Men and Women in the Armed
Forces of the United States, Australia, Canada, and the United Kingdom, McLean, VA: Pergamon-
Brassey’s, 283pp
Woodward, R. & Winther, T. (2007) Sexing the Soldier: The Politics of Gender and the Contemporary
British Army, London, UK: Routledge, 160pp
107
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Zeigler, S.L. & Gunderson, G.G. (2005) Moving beyond G.I. Jane: Women and the US Military,
Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 194pp
n ❘ Gender Identity and Gender Roles – Reports, etc.
Fletcher, J.W. (1993) Tradition, technology, and the changing roles of women in the navy, Alexandria,
VA: Center for Naval Analyses, 32pp
Lipari, R.N. & Rock, L.M. (2009) 2008 Gender Relations Survey of Reserve Component Members,
Arlington, VA: Defense Manpower Data Center, 193pp
Lipari, R.N., Cock, P.J, Rock, L.M. & Matos, K. (2008) 2006 Gender Relations of Active-Duty Members,
Arlington, VA: Defense Manpower Data Center, 1000pp
Lipari, R.N. (2006) Service Academy 2006 Gender Relations Survey, Arlington, VA: Defense
Manpower Data Center, 354pp
Thomas, P.J. (1978) Role of Women in the Military: Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the
United States, San Diego, CA: Navy Personnel Research and Development Center, 68pp
Western European Union - Defence Committee (1991) The role of women in the armed forces,
Paris: Assembly of Western European Union, 39pp
Witten, T.M. (2007) Gender Identity and the Military - Transgender, Transsexual, and Intersexidentied
Individuals in the US Armed Forces, Santa Barbara, CA: Palm Center, 18pp
n ❘ Gender Identity and Gender Roles – Ph.D Theses (non-military)
Agostino, K. (1997) Femininities and masculinities in the Royal Australian Navy: workplace
discourses [Ph.D Thesis], Townsville, QLD: James Cook University of North Queensland, 339pp
Altinay, A.G. (2001) Making citizens, making soldiers: military service, gender and national identity
in Turkey [Ph.D Thesis], Durham, NC: Duke University, 272pp
Bailey, D.L. (2007) Invisible warriors: in search of better counseling services for women who serve in
the military [Ph.D Thesis], Raleigh, NC: North Carolina State University, 84pp
Caiazza, A.B. (1999) Military service and maternal obligation: gender, citizenship and civil society in
contemporary Russia, 1993-1997 [Ph.D Thesis], Bloomington, IN: Indiana University, 511pp
Cecil, A.G. (1996) Comparing male cadet attitudes for masculinity ideology within civilian and
military college environments [Ph.D Thesis], Phoenix, AZ: Arizona State University, 95pp
Crumm, R.K. (2005) Of hoes and h[er]oes: an ethnographic study of gender identity among women
in the Air Force [Ph.D Thesis], Iowa City, IA: University of Iowa, 215pp
Devilbiss, M.C. (1979) Role conict and role multiplicity among women and men in the army [Ph.D
Thesis], West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University, 142pp
Donald, L.T. (1985) The eect of group assertiveness training on the assertiveness and self- concept
levels of army female enlistees [Ph.D Thesis], Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee, 176pp
Drake, R.A. (1994) Choice and change: constructions of gender in the discourse of American military
women [Ph.D Thesis], Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts, 205pp
108 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
Dunivin, K.O. (1988) Adapting to a man’s world: United States Air Force female ocers [Ph.D Thesis],
Evanston, IL: Northwestern University, 239pp
Franke, S. (1989) Sex role orientation and career decisions of women in the Army [Ed.D Thesis],
Louisville, KY: University of Louisville, 97pp
(Gender, career and deployment)
Harrell, M.C. (2000) Brass rank and gold rings: class, race, gender, and kinship within the Army
community [Ph.D Thesis], Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia, 506pp
Harrington, K. (1999) Leadership by design: the gendered construction of military (Air Force) ocers
[Ph.D Thesis], Seattle, WA: University of Washington, 183pp
(Gender and leadership)
Hauser, O. (2005) Doing army / feeling army: women and organizational belonging in the Israeli
Defence Forces [Ph.D Thesis], Montreal, QC: McGill University, 190pp
Helms, K.T. (2008) Self-reection during transition to college: a qualitative understanding of women
becoming West Point cadets [Ph.D Thesis], Greensboro, NC: University of North Carolina, 233pp
(Gender and military education)
Herbert, M.S. (1995) A ne line: the management of gender among women in the military [Ph.D
Thesis], Phoenix, AZ: University of Arizona, 212pp
Holland, S.L. (2006) Gender, national identity, and public discourse: making sense of operation Iraqi
freedom [Ph.D Thesis], Athens, GA: University of Georgia, 158pp
Hopkins, E.L. (1996) Gender role transformation as exemplied by the military ocer’s wife role
[Ph.D Thesis], Stone Brook: NY: State University of New York, 411pp
(Gender and family issues)
Jacob, S.A. (2006) Becoming a woman at an institution concerned with making men: a qualitative
study on the college choice processes, experiences, consequences, and construction of meaning
for the women who gender integrated America’s military colleges [Ph.D Thesis], Bloomington, IN:
Indiana University, 225pp
(Gender and military education)
LeBlanc, L.M. (1992) The inuence of naval training and experience on the life choices of women
ocers [Ed.D Thesis], DeKalb, IL: Northern Illinois University, 200pp
(Gender and military education)
Levy, E. (1998) Heroes and helpmates: militarism, gender, and national belonging in Israel [Ph.D
Thesis], Irvine, CA: University of California, 400pp
Peterman, T.K. (1999) Passing the baton of honor, courage, and commitment: the voices of women
Marine Corps ocers [Ed.D Thesis], Indiana, PA: Indiana University of Pennsylvania, 279pp
Phillips, M.P. (2006) Birthing a third gender: the discourse of women in the American military [Ph.D
Thesis], Seattle, WA: University of Washington, 270pp
(Attitudes towards women in the military)
Rome, R.J. (1982) Personality characteristics of women in a non-stereotypic occupational sex role
as women marines [Ph.D Thesis], San Diego, CA: United States International University, 150pp
(Gender stereotypes)
109
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Rustad, M. (1981) Women in khaki: a study of the American enlisted woman [Ph.D Thesis], Chestnut
Hill, MA: Boston College, 421pp
Servatius, N.M. (2007) The military-industrial complex as a gendered institution: the subjugated
knowledge of working-class women [Ph.D Thesis], Washington, DC: American University, 176pp
(Gender, career and deployment)
Svare, G.M. (1998) “What kind of sailor am I?”: a eld study of entry level women in the Navy [Ph.D
Thesis], Berkeley, CA: University of California, 277pp
Townsend, K.A. (1994) The making of the women airforce service pilots: promises and realities of a
nontraditional role [Ph.D Thesis], University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University, 283pp
(Gender, career and deployment)
Wilson, L.B. (1993) Speaking to power: gender, politics, and discourse in the context of United
States military priorities in Belau, western Micronesia [Ph.D Thesis], Amherst, MA: University of
Massachusetts, 323pp
n ❘ Gender Identity and Gender Roles – Ph.D & Master Theses (military)
Borrebach, D.S. & Fitzpatrick, N.G. (1994) The Social Construction of Gender in the US Navy [Master
Thesis], Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School, 151pp
Farina, J.M. (2009) Neither Joan of Arc nor Tank Girl: The Struggle to be Sensible in Preparing Female
Marines for the Twenty First Century Operating Environment [Master Thesis], Quantico, VA: US
Marine Corps University, 33pp
Harrington, K. (1999) Leadership by Design: The Gendered Construction of Military (Air Force)
Ocers [Master Thesis], Wright-Patterson AFB, OH: Air Force Institute of Technology, 189pp
(Gender and leadership)
Spearing, P.S. (1989) An investigation of combat knowledge and attitudes of women in the United
States Air Force [Master Thesis], Wright-Patterson AFB, OH: US Air Force Institute of Technology
n ❘ Gender Integration – Journal Articles
Cheatham, H.E. (1984) Integration of women into the US military, Sex Roles, 11(1-2), pp. 141-153
Dandeker, C. & Segal, M.W. (1996) Gender Integration in Armed Forces: Recent Policy
Developments in the United Kingdom, Armed Forces & Society, 23(1), pp. 29–47
DeFleur, L.B. (1985) Organizational and ideological barriers to sex integration in military groups,
Work and Occupations, 12(2), pp. 206-228
(Gender equality)
DeFleur, L.B., Gillman, D. & Marshak, W. (1978) Sex Integration of the US Air Force Academy:
Changing Roles for Women, Armed Forces & Society, 4(4), pp. 607-622
(Gender identity and gender roles)
Durning, K.P. (1978) Women at the Naval Academy: An Attitude Survey, Armed Forces & Society,
4(4), pp. 569-588
(Gender and military education)
Gender Integration
110 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
Gutmann, S. (1997) Sex and the Soldier: In today’s armed forces, the push is on for gender
integration, New Republic, (4284), pp. 18-22
Hertz, R. (1996) Guarding against women? Responses of military men and their wives to gender
integration, Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 25(2), pp. 251-284
Hester, D.C. (1997) The Quiet Battle: An Integration of Men and Women in State Military
Academies, Law & Psychology Review, 21, p. 221
(Gender and military education)
Hoiberg, A. (1978) Women as New “Manpower”: An Introductory Note, Armed Forces & Society,
4(4), pp. 555-556
Hoiberg, A. (1978) Women in the Navy: Morale and Attrition, Armed Forces & Society, 4(4), pp.
659-671
Irish, K. (2007) What’s This about a Few Good Men? Gender Integration in US Military Academies,
Minerva: Journal of Women and War, 25, pp. 19-44
(Gender and military education)
Karst, K.L. (1991) The pursuit of manhood and the desegregation of the armed-forces, UCLA Law
Review, 38(3), pp. 499-581
(Masculinities)
Klick, J.E. (1978) Utilization of Women in the NATO Alliance, Armed Forces & Society, 4(4), pp. 673-
678
Kuzovchikova, O. M. (2006) Army Feminization: Its Essence, Evolution and Basic Trends, Military
Thought, 15(4), pp. 167-177
(Gender stereotypes)
Kümmel, G (2002) Complete Access: Women in the Bundeswehr and Male Ambivalence, Armed
Forces & Society, 28(4), pp. 555–573
(Gender equality)
Kümmel, G. (2002) When Boy Meets Girl: The `Feminization’ of the Military: An Introduction Also
to be Read as a Postscript, Current Sociology, 50(5), pp. 615-639
(Gender stereotypes)
Linville, S.E. (2000) “The “Mother” of All Battles”: “Courage under Fire” and the Gender-Integrated
Military, Cinema Journal, 39(2), pp. 100-120
Martin, M.L. (1982) From Periphery to Center: Women in the French Military, Armed Forces &
Society, 8(2), pp. 303-333
Menon, S.T. & Kotze, E. (2007) Human resource integration in the South African military. A view
from the trenches, Human Resource Management, 46(1), pp. 71-94
Mossmann, F.I. (1985) Is Women Power Changing Defense?, The Bureaucrat, 14(1), pp. 24-28
(Gender, operational and organizational eectiveness)
Neville, P. (2003) ‘In with the new, only more so ...’: The politics of change and gender in the Irish
Naval Service, Journal of Gender Studies, 12(2), pp. 115-124
(Gender and military education)
111
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Noya, R. (2007) Women in the sphere of masculinity: the double-edged sword of women’s
integration in the military, Duke Journal of Gender Law & Policy, 14(2), pp. 1097-1119
(Masculinities)
Reardon, K.K. & Reardon, K.J. (1999) “All That We can Be”: Leading the US Army’s Gender
Integration Eort, Management Communication Quarterly, 12(4), pp. 600-617
Reed, B.J. (1999) Gender Integrated Basic Training: A Theoretical Analysis of the Continuing
Debate, Minerva: Quarterly Report on Women and the Military, 17(2), pp. 18-32
Rosen, L.N., Bliese, P.D., Wright, K.A. & Giord, R.K (1999) Gender Composition and Group Cohesion
in US Army Units: A Comparison across Five Studies, Armed Forces & Society, 25(3), pp. 365-386
(Gender, operational and organizational eectiveness)
Rosen, L.N., Durand, D.B., Bliese, P.D., Halverson, R.R., Rothberg, J.M. & Harrison N.L. (1996)
Cohesion and Readiness in Gender-Integrated Combat Service Support Units: The Impact of
Acceptance of Women and Gender Ratio, Armed Forces & Society, 22(4), pp. 537-553
(Gender, operational and organizational eectiveness)
Sasson-Levy, O. & Amram-Katz, S. (2007) Gender integration in Israeli ocer training:
Degendering and regendering the military, SIGNS, 33(1), pp. 105-133
(Gender and military education)
Smith, H. & McAllister, I. (1991) The changing military profession – integrating women in the
Australian-defence-force, Australian and New Zealand Journal of Sociology, 27(3), pp. 369-391
Smith, H. (1995) The Dynamics of Social Change and the Australian Defence Force, Armed Forces
& Society, 21(4), pp. 531-551
(Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) issues)
Snyder, R.C. (2003) The Citizen-Soldier Tradition and Gender Integration of the US Military, Armed
Forces & Society, 29(2), pp. 185-204
Spurling, K. (1999) From Exclusion to Submarines – The Integration of Australian Women Naval
Volunteers, Australian Defence Force Journal, (139), pp. 34-40
Stevens, G. (1997) Male privilege, male fear: inuences on the intersection of gender and
leadership, Minerva: Quarterly Report on Women and the Military, 15, pp. 17-29
(Attitudes towards women in the military)
Szabo, A. (1999) The Establishment of the Hungarian Women Soldier’s Section and Its
Justication, Minerva: Quarterly Report on Women and the Military, 17(1-2)
Titunik, R.K. (2000) The First Wave: Gender Integration and Military Culture, Armed Forces &
Society, 26(2), pp. 229-257
van Wijk, C.H. & Finchilescu, G. (2008) Symbols of organisational culture: describing and
prescribing gender integration of navy ships, Journal of Gender Studies, 17(3), pp. 237-249
Winslow, D. & Dunn, J. (2002) Women in the Canadian Forces: Between Legal and Social
Integration, Current Sociology, 50(5), pp. 641-667
Wojack, A.N. (2002) Integrating Women into the Infantry, Military Review, 82(6), pp. 67-74
Yacavone, D.W. (1996) Women aboard a major combatant: The USS Dwight D Eisenhower
experience, Aviation Space and Environmental Medicine, 67(6), pp. 589-591
112 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
n ❘ Gender Integration – Books
De Groot, G.J.& Peniston-Bird, C. (Eds.) (2000) A Soldier and a Woman: Sexual Integration in the
Military, New York, NY: Pearson Education, 448pp
Francke, L.B. (1997) Ground Zero: The Gender Wars in the Military, New York, NY: Simon & Schuster,
344pp
(Gender equality)
Pinch, F.C., MacIntyre, A.T., Browne, P. & Okros, A.C. (Eds.) (2006) Challenge and Change in the
Military: Gender and Diversity Issues, Kingston, ON: Canadian Defence Academy Press, 198pp
Rogan, H. (1981) Mixed company: women in the modern Army, New York, NY: Putnam, 339pp
Soeters, J. & van der Meulen, J. (Eds.) (1999) Managing diversity in the armed forces: experiences
from nine countries, Tilburg, Netherlands: Tilburg University Press, 228pp
n ❘ Gender Integration – Reports, etc.
Albrecht, P. & Barnes, K. (2008) National Security Policy-Making and Gender, Geneva, Switzerland:
DCAF, OSCE/ODIHR, UN-INSTRAW, 36pp
Barnes, K. & Albrecht, P. (2008) Civil Society Oversight of the Security Sector and Gender, Geneva,
Switzerland: DCAF, OSCE/ODIHR, UN-INSTRAW, 36pp
Bastick, M. & Valesek, K. (2008) International and Regional Laws and Instruments related to Security
Sector Reform and Gender, Geneva, Switzerland: DCAF, OSCE/ODIHR, UN-INSTRAW, 16pp
Bastick, M. (2008) Integrating Gender in Post-Conict Security Sector Reform, Geneva,
Switzerland: DCAF, 28pp
Beckett, M. (2003) The Status of Gender Integration in the Military: Supporting Appendices, Santa
Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 344pp
Bradley, L. (1999) Mixed gender crewing in Victoria Class submarines, Halifax, NS: Maritime
Command, 50pp
Canada Department of National Defense (1998) Evaluation of Gender Integration in the Canadian
Forces, Ottawa, ON: Department of National Defense
Cohn, C. (2004) Mainstreaming Gender in UN Security Policy: A Path to Political Transformation?,
Boston, MA: The Boston Consortium on Gender, Security and Human Rights, 21pp
Culbertson, A., Thomas, P.J. & Harden, J.P. (1998) The role of recreation in facilitating gender
integration in the Navy, San Diego, CA: Navy Personnel Research and Development Center, 111pp
CWINF (2008) CWINF Guidance for NATO Gender Mainstreaming, Brussels, Belgium: The Committee
on Women in the NATO Forces (CWINF), 42pp
Davis, K.D. (1998) Chief Land Sta Gender Integration Study: an exploration of reserve member
perceptions of regular force combat arms employment, Ottawa, ON: Personal Research Team,
National Defence Headquarters, 19pp
(Gender, career and deployment)
Davis, K.D. (1997) Chief Land Sta Gender Integration Study: the regular force training and employment
environment, Ottawa, ON: Personal Research Team, National Defence Headquarters, 25pp
113
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DCAF & PfPC (2010) PfP Consortium Workshop on Gender & Security Sector Reform Workshop
Report Geneva, 17-19 February 2010, Geneva, Switzerland: DCAF & PfPC, 40pp
DCAF, OCSE/ODIHR, UN-INSTRAW (2007) Good and Bad Practices in Gender Training for Security
Sector Personnel: Summary of a Virtual Discussion, Geneva, Switzerland: DCAF, OCSE/ODIHR, UN-
INSTRAW, 19pp
DCAF, OCSE/ODIHR, UN-INSTRAW (2000) Integrating Gender in Security Sector Reform Assessments,
Monitoring and Evaluation: Summary of a Virtual Discussion June 04th – 29th, Geneva, Switzerland:
DCAF, OCSE/ODIHR, UN-INSTRAW, 22pp
De Leon, R.F. (1998) Report on the responses of the armed services to the Federal Advisory Committee
on Gender-Integrated Training and Related Issues and additional direction by the Secretary of
Defense, Washington, DC: Undersecretary of Defense, 17pp
Febbraro, A.R. (2003) Women, leadership and gender integration in the Canadian combat arms: a
qualitative study, Toronto, ON: Defense Research & Development Canada, 74pp
(Gender and leadership)
Gebiccke, M.E. (1997) Gender integration in basic training the services are using a variety of
approaches, Washington, DC: United States General Accounting Oce, 6pp
Goldenberg, I. (2006) “Your-say” diversity and employment equity focus section: gender integration
analyses, Ottawa, ON: Centre for Operational Research and Analysis, 55pp
(Gender equality)
Gya, G., Thomsen, V. & Herz, J. (2009) Gender mainstreaming and empowerment of women in the
EU’s external relations instruments, Brussels, Belgium: European Parliement, 75pp
Harrell, M.C. (2002) Status of Gender Integration in the Military: Analysis of Selected Occupations,
Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 139pp
Hendricks, C. & Hutton, L. (2008) Defence reform and gender, Geneva, Switzerland: DCAF, OSCE/
ODIHR, UN-INSTRAW, 32pp
Houdijk, P., Teijgeler, R., Stoers, R. & Feddema, M. (2008) Gender Makes Sense, Enschede, The
Netherlands: CIMIC Centre of Excellence (CCOE), 62pp
Jacob, M., Bendix, D. & Stanley, R. (2008) Engendering Security Sector Reform: A Workshop Report,
Berlin, Germany: Freie Universität, 115pp
Johal, R. (2007) One Mandate, Many Policies: Lessons on Gender Mainstreaming in the UN Oce of the
High Commissioner for Refugees, the World Food Programme, and the Department of Peacekeeping
Operations, Boston, MA: The Boston Consortium on Gender, Security and Human Rights, 19pp
Kirk, G. (2008) Gender and US Bases in Asia-Pacic – Policy report, Washington, DC: Foreign Policy
in Focus
Kleppe, T.T. (2008) Gender training for security sector personnel: good practices and lessons learned,
Geneva, Switzerland: DCAF, OSCE/ODIHR, UN-INSTRAW, 28pp
Ledesma, M., Marcum, R. & Moeser, E. (2008) Integration of the Armed Services, Patrick AFB, FL:
The Defense Equal Opportunity Management Institute, 53pp
Lee, J.K. & Tremble J.r, T.R. (2003) Gender Integration of Basic Combat Training and Career Intent of
Enlisted First-Term Soldiers, Alexandria, VA: Army Research Institute for the behavioral and Social
Sciences, 28pp
114 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
Luciak, I.A. (2008) Parliamentary oversight of the security sector and gender, Geneva, Switzerland:
DCAF, OSCE/ODIHR, UN-INSTRAW, 28pp
Mackay, A. (2008) Border management and gender, Geneva, Switzerland: DCAF, OSCE/ODIHR,
UN-INSTRAW, 28pp
Mottern, J.A., Foster, D.A, Brady, E.J. & Marshall-Mies, J. (1997) The 1995 Gender Integration of Basic
Combat Training Study, Alexandria, VA: US Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social
Sciences, 119pp
Murray, G. (2001) Together or Separate? Newspaper Coverage of Gender-Integrated Training, 1997-
2000, Patrick AFB, FL: The Defense Equal Opportunity Management Institute, 36pp
Myrttinen H. (2009) Poster Boys No More: Gender and Security Sector Reform in Timor-Leste, Geneva
Switzerland: DCAF, 43pp
NATO Committee on Gender Perspectives (2009) New Terms of Reference: Committee on Gender
Perspectives, Brussels, Belgium: NATO, 11pp
Popovic, N. (2008) Security sector reform assessment, monitoring & evaluation and gender, Geneva,
Switzerland: DCAF, OSCE/ODIHR, UN-INSTRAW, 23pp
Schultz, S. & Yeung, C. (2008) Private military and security companies and gender, Geneva,
Switzerland: DCAF, OSCE/ODIHR, UN-INSTRAW, 32pp
Stanley R., Jacob M. & Bendix D. (Eds.) (2009) Engendering Security Sector Reform: A Workshop
Report, Berlin, Germany: Freie Universität, 113pp
Tanner, L. (1999) Gender integration in the Canadian Forces: a quantitative and qualitative analysis,
Ottawa, ON: Defense Research & Development Canada, 160pp
Thomas, P.J. (1981) Women in the Military: Gender Integration at Sea, San Diego, CA: Navy
Personnel Research and Development Center, 28pp
US Department of the Air Force (1999) Air Force Response to the Report of the Federal Advisory
Committee on Gender-Integrated Training, Washington, DC: US Department of the Air Force, 24pp
US Federal Advisory Committee (1999) Report of the Federal Advisory Committee on Gender-
Integrated Training and Related Issues to the Secretary of Defense, Washington, DC: US Federal
Advisory Committee, 21pp
US General Accounting Oce (1996) Basic training services are using a variety of approaches to
gender integration, Washington, DC: US General Accounting Oce, 13pp
US General Accounting Oce (1993) Basic training: services are using a variety of approaches to
gender integration, Washington, DC: US General Accounting Oce, 13pp
Valasek, K. (2008) Security sector reform and gender, Geneva, Switzerland: DCAF, OSCE/ODIHR,
UN-INSTRAW, 24pp
Valenius, J. (2007) Gender Mainstreaming in ESDP Missions, Paris, France: European Union Institute
for Security Studies, 77pp
n ❘ Gender Integration – Ph.D Theses (non-military)
Balano, R.C. (2006) At the tip of the trident: integrating women into the eet [Ph.D Thesis],
Philadelphia, PA: Temple University, 314pp
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Berggren, A.W. (2002) Undercover operations in no-women’s land: the Swedish Armed Forces
through a gender lens [Ph.D Thesis], Lund, Sweden: University of Lund, 211pp
Diamond, D.A. (2005) Good cadets, not good men: gender integration at the United States Military
Academy at West Point and gender assimilation at the Virginia Military Institute [Ph.D Thesis], Stony
Brook, NY: Stony Brook University, 210pp
(Gender and military education)
Martin, H.P. (1997) The integration of women into the military: a preliminary investigation of relevant
factors [Ph.D Thesis], Austin, TX: University of Texas, 170pp
Royle, M.H. (1983) Factors aecting the integration of women into Marine Corps units [Ph.D Thesis],
Claremont, CA: Claremont Graduate School, 246pp
van Wijk, C. (2005) Gender integration of male dominated environments: the experience of SA Navy
sailors [Ph.D Thesis], Cape Town, South Africa: University of Cape Town, 278pp
n ❘ Gender Integration – Ph.D & Master Theses (military)
Caron, G.S. (1979) Behavioral factors aecting the integration of women into Air Force craft skills
[Master Thesis], Wright-Patterson AFB, OH: US Air Force Institute of Technology, 152pp
Dobel, T.A. (1998) Study of Gender-Integration in Classroom Training at the Navy Recruit Training
Command [Master Thesis], Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School, 90pp
(Gender and military education)
Dooley, S.G. (1998) Female recruits and the United States Marine Corps: the transformation process
[Master Thesis], Monterey, CA: US Naval Postgraduate School, 79pp
Habel, G.T. (1997) Diversity training in the United States Marine Corps [Master Thesis], Monterey,
CA: US Naval Postgraduate School, 100pp
Latour, S.H. & Marston, S.K. (1999) Every Citizen a Soldier: Historic Foundations for Gender Integrated
Training (GIT) and Implications for Air Force Readiness [Master Thesis], Maxwell AFB, AL: US Air
University, 41pp
Margosian, M.A. & Vendrzyk, J.M. (1994) Policies, Practices, and the Eect of Gender Discrimination
on the Integration of Women Ocers in the Department of the Navy [Master Thesis], Monterey, CA:
Naval Postgraduate School, 151pp
Mophuting, M.C. (2003) Expanding the Shield and Facing the Challenges: Integration of Women
in Botswana Defence Force [Master Thesis], Monterey, CA: US Naval Postgraduate School, 107pp
Reichert, P. (1976) Women at sea: a sinking ship? [Master Thesis], Monterey, CA: US Naval
Postgraduate School, 94pp
(Gender equality)
Rogers, J.G.S. (2001) Gender integration in the New Zealand infantry [Master Thesis], Fort
Leavenworth, KS: US Army Command and General Sta College, 83pp
Sherrod, J.A. (1983) Women at sea: welcome aboard? [Master Thesis], Monterey, CA: US Naval
Postgraduate School, 137pp
Sinclair, T.W. (1977) Perceptions of United States Coast Guard women concerning their integration
into active service [Master Thesis], Monterey, CA: US Naval Postgraduate School, 100pp
116 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
Vigneau, K.M. (2006) Improving gender integration in the CF: recruitment, employment and cultural
transformation [Master Thesis], Toronto, ON: Canadian Forces College, 83pp
Wettern, K.J. (1995) The geography of women’s integration into the Royal Australian Navy: 1984-
1995 [Master Thesis], Canberra, ACT: Australian Defence Force Academy
n ❘ Gender Stereotypes – Journal Articles
Bar-Yam, M. (1991) Do Women and Men Speak in Dierent Voices? A Comparative Study of Self-
Evolvement, International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 32(4), pp. 247-259
Biernat, M., Crandall, C.S., Young, L.V., Kobrynowicz, D. & Halpin, S.M. (1998) All that you can be:
Stereotyping of self and others in a military context, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,
75(2), pp. 301-317
(Gender and leadership)
Boldry, J., Wood, W. & Kashy, D.A. (2001) Gender stereotypes and the evaluation of men and
women in military training, Journal of Social Issues, 57(4), pp. 689-705
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Boulègue, J. (1991) “Feminization” and the French Military: An Anthropological Approach, Armed
Forces & Society, 17(3), pp. 343-362
(Gender integration)
Boyce, L.A. & Herd, A.M. (2003) The Relationship Between Gender Role Stereotypes and Requisite
Military Leadership Characteristics, Sex Roles, 49(7-8), pp. 365-378
(Gender identity and gender roles)
Carver, T. (2007) GI Jane: What are the ‘Manners’ that ‘Maketh a Man’?, British Journal of Politics &
International Relations, 9(2), pp. 313-317
(Women in combat)
Davidson, T. (2001) “A Woman’s Right to Charm and Beauty”: Maintaining the Feminine Ideal in
the Canadian Women’s Army Corps, Atlantis, 26(1), pp. 45-54
Davis, K.D. (2009) Sex, Gender and Cultural Intelligence in the Canadian Forces, Commonwealth
& Comparative Politics, 47(4), pp. 430-455
DeFleur, L.B. & Warner, R.L. (1987) Air Force Academy Graduates and Nongraduates: Attitudes
and Self-Concepts, Armed Forces & Society, 13(4), pp. 517-533
DeGroot, G.J. (2001) A few good women: gender stereotypes, the military and peacekeeping,
International Peacekeeping, 8(2), pp. 23-38
(Gender and peace building)
Dimitrovsky, L., Singer, J. & Yinon, Y. (1989) Masculine and Feminine Traits: Their Relation to
Suitedness for and Success in Training for Traditionally Masculine and Feminine Army Functions,
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(5), pp. 839-847
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Gender Stereotypes
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Donnelly, E. (2007) Constructing the co-ed military, Duke Journal of Gender Law & Policy, 14(2),
pp. 815-952
Firestone, J.M. (1984) Sexist ideology and the evaluation criteria used to assess women’s
integration into the army, Population research and Policy Review, 3(1), pp. 77-95
(Gender integration)
Furia, S.R. & Bielby, D.D. (2009) Bombshells on Film: Women, Military Films, and Hegemonic
Gender Ideologies, Popular Communication, 7(4), pp. 208-224
Gruner, E. (1993) Merging fear and fantasy: Images of women at West Point, American
Trancendentalist Quarterly, 7(3), pp. 271-284
(Gender and military education)
Howard, J.W. & Prividera, L.C. (2008) The Fallen Woman Archetype: Media Representations
of Lynndie England, Gender, and the (Ab)uses of US Female Soldiers, Women’s Studies in
Communication, 31(3), pp. 287-311
Howard, J.W. & Prividera, L.C. (2004) Rescuing patriarchy or Saving “Jessica Lynch”: the rhetorical
construction of the American woman soldier, Women and Language, 27(2), pp. 89-97
Huddy, L. & Terkildsen, N. (1993) The Consequences of Gender Stereotypes for Women
Candidates at Dierent Levels and Types of Oce, Political Research Quarterly, 46, pp. 503-525
(Gender, career and deployment)
Kemp, M. (1999) Femme Fatale: Women in Military Service, Women in Action, (3), pp. 33-40
(Women in combat)
Kronsell, A. (2005) Gendered practices in institutions of hegemonic masculinity, International
Feminist Journal of Politics, 7(2), pp. 280-298
(Masculinities)
Kumar, D. (2004) War Propaganda and the (Ab)uses of Women, Feminist Media Studies, 4(3), pp.
297-313
Livingston, J.A. & Rankin, J.M. (1986) Propping Up the Patriarchy: The Silenced Soldiering of
Military Nurses, Women & Therapy, 5(1), pp. 107-119
Mettrick J. & Cowan, G. (1996) Gender stereotypes and predictions of performance: Women in air
combat, Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 11(5), pp. 105-120
(Women in combat)
Nantais, C. & Lee, M.F. (1999) Women in the United States Military: protectors or protected? The
case of prisoner of war Melissa Rathbun-Nealy, Journal of Gender Studies, 8(2), pp. 181-191
Pin-Fat, V. & Stern M. (2005) The scripting of private Jessica Lynch: Biopolitics, gender, and the
“Feminization” of the US military, Alternatives, 30(1), pp. 25-53
Shor, F. (2000) Transcending the Myths of Patriotic Militarized Masculinity: Armoring, Wounding,
and Transguration in Ron Kovic’s Born on the Fourth of July, Journal of Men’s Studies, 8(3), pp.
375-385
(Masculinities)
Sion, L. (2001) “The weakest link”: women in two Dutch peacekeeping units, Minerva: Quarterly
Report on Women and the Military, 19(3-4), pp. 3-26
(Gender and peace building)
118 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
Stephen, L. (1999) The construction of indigenous suspects: Militarization and the gendered and
ethnic dynamics of human rights abuses in southern Mexico, American Ethnologist, 26(4), pp.
822-842
Swers, M. (2007) Building a reputation on national security: The impact of stereotypes related to
gender and military experience, Legislative Studies Quarterly, 32(4), pp. 559-595
Tasker, Y. (2002) Soldier’s Stories: Women and Military Masculinities in Courage under Fire,
Quarterly Review of Film & Video, 19(3), pp. 209-222
Titunik, R.K. (2008) The Myth of the Macho Military, Polity, 40(2), pp. 137-163
(Masculinities)
Tucker, B. & Walton, P.L. (2006) From “General’s Daughter” to “Coal Miner’s Daughter”: Spinning
and Counter-Spinning Jessica Lynch, Canadian Review of American Studies, 36(3), pp. 311-330
Turpin, J. (2003) Barbie in the War Zone, Social Alternatives, 22(2), pp. 5-7
Tuttle, M. (2004) Examining the Relationship Between Military Leadership Characteristics and
Gender Role Stereotypes, Canadian Journal of Police & Security Services, 2(3), pp. 184-186
(Gender and leadership)
Weatherill (1996) Gender awareness within the Australian defence forces, Australian Defence
Force Journal, (117), pp. 43-48
n ❘ Gender Stereotypes – Books
Addis, E., Russo, V.E. & Sebesta, L. (Eds.) (1994) Women Soldiers, Images, and Realities, New York,
NY: St. Martin’s Press, 288pp
(Gender, operational and organizational eectiveness)
Damousi, J. & Lake, M. (Eds.) (1998) Gender and War: Australians at War in the Twentieth Century,
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 259pp
Eberwein, R.T. (2007) Armed forces masculinity and sexuality in the American war lm, New
Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 196pp
Oliver, K. (2010) Women as Weapons of War: Iraq, Sex, and the Media, New York, NY: Columbia
University Press, 224pp
Schneider, D. & Schneider C.J. (1988) Sound O! American Military Women Speak Out, New York,
NY: E.P. Dutton, 259pp.
Williams, C.L. (1986) Women marines and male nurses: The social construction and maintenance of
gender, Berkley, CA: University of California Press, 260pp
(Gender, career and deployment)
n ❘ Gender Stereotypes – Reports, etc.
Hicks, J.M. (1978) Role of women in the Army work force as a function of sex-role stereotypes,
Alexandria, VA: US Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences, 4pp
Savell, J.M. (1975) Soldiers’ attribution of contemporary vs traditional sex-role attitudes to themselves
and to others, Alexandria, VA: US Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences, 9pp
(Gender identity and gender roles)
119
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n ❘ Gender Stereotypes – Ph.D Theses (non-military)
Murphy, E.F. (1994) Military organizational culture: an investigation of sex and gender dierences in
the values, sex role stereotype attitudes, and situational leadership II behaviors of Air Force middle-
level managers [D.B.A. Thesis], Davie, FL: Nova Southeastern University, 511pp
(Gender and leadership)
Porter, R.I. (1996) American soldier’s perceptions of heterosexual masculinity: a determinant in
attitudes toward homosexuality [Ph.D Thesis], Santa Barbara, CA: Fielding Institute, 131pp
(Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) issues)
Rottman, M.N. (1980) The eects of a self-administered feminist literature package on attitudes
toward sex role stereotypes among third class cadets at the United States Coast Guard Academy
[Ph.D Thesis], Manseld, CT: University of Connecticut, 153pp
(Attitudes towards women in the military)
n ❘ Gender, Alcohol and Substance use – Journal Articles
Dove, M.B. & Joseph, H.J. (2007) Sociodemographic Prole of Women Entering a Military
Substance Use Disorder Treatment Center, Military Medicine, 172(3), pp. 283-287
Federman, E.B., Bray, R.M. & Kroutil, L.A. (2000) Relationships Between Substance Use and Recent
Deployments Among Women and Men in the Military, Military Psychology, 12(3), pp. 205-220
(Gender, career and deployment)
Hankin, C.S., Skinner, K.M., Sullivan, L.M., Miller, D.R., Frayne, S. & Tripp, T.J. (1999) Prevalence
of Depressive and Alcohol Abuse Symptoms Among Women VA Outpatients Who Report
Experiencing Sexual Assault While in the Military, Journal of Traumatic Stress, 12(4), pp. 601-612
(gender, sexual harassment and abuse in a military context)
Jeer, E.K. & Baranick, M. (1983) Drug abuse, the US Army Europe: women and substance abuse,
International Journal of the Addictions, 18(1), pp. 133-138
Lande, R.G., Mann, B.A., Chang, A.S. & Lande, G.R. (2007) Gender Dierences and Alcohol Use in
the US Army, AMED Journal, 107(9), pp. 401-407
Schuckit, M.A. & Gunderson, E.K.E. (1975) Alcoholism in Navy and Marine Corps Women – First
Look, Military Medicine, 140(4), pp. 268-271
Wallace, A.E., Sheehan, E.P. & Yinong, Y.X. (2009) Women, Alcohol, and the Military: Cultural
Changes and Reductions in Later Alcohol Problems among Female Veterans, Journal of Womens
Health, 18(9), pp. 1347-1353
n ❘ Gender, Alcohol and Substance Use – Ph.D Theses (non-military)
Henley, M.H. (1991) Women’s drinking in the US armed forces: sociodemographic, contextual factors
and alcohol consumption [Ph.D Thesis], San Francisco, CA: University of California, 145pp
Gender, Alcohol and Substance Use
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Lockhart, S.J. (1998) Gender dierences in the social context of drinking among American military
personnel [Ph.D Thesis], College Park, MD: University of Maryland, 301pp
n ❘ Gender, Career and Deployment – Journal Articles
Baker, B. (2000) Gender Equity: An Analysis of the Federal Logistics Management Career Field, Air
Force Journal of Logistics, 24(4), pp. 18-21
(Gender equality)
Baldwin, J.N. (2000) Early Promotions of Women and Minorities in the United States Air Force,
Journal of Political & Military Sociology, 28(1), pp. 109-130
Baldwin, J.N. (1997) Equal promotion opportunity in the United States navy, Journal of Political &
Military Sociology, 25(2) pp. 187-209
(Gender equality)
Baldwin, J.N. (1996) Female promotions in male-dominant organizations: The case of the United
States Military, Journal of Politics, 58(4), pp. 1184-1197
(Gender equality)
Baldwin, J.N. (1996) The promotion record of the United States Army: Glass ceilings in the Ocer
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(Gender equality)
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(Gender equality)
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Dunivin, K.O. (1988) Gender and Perceptions Of the Job Environment In the US Air Force, Armed
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Gender, Career and Deployment
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Durning, K.P. (1982) Attitudes of Enlisted Women and Men Toward the Navy, Armed Forces &
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(Gender equality)
Firestone, J.M. & Stewart, J.B. (1998) Trends in Gender and Racial Equity in Retention and
Promotion of Military Ocers, Free Inquiry in Creative Sociology, 26(2), pp. 131-134
(Gender equality)
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Armed Forces & Society, 18(3), pp. 363-381
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Alia: Journal of Women and Social Work, 17(3), pp. 332-353
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Minerva: Quarterly Report on Women and the Military, 12, pp. 1-23
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Career, Gender Issues, 22(4), pp. 56-70
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the Army, IEEE Transactions on Education,28(4), pp. 222-228
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Experiencing and Not Experiencing Deployment: Reasons for Staying in or Leaving the Military,
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(Gender and family issues)
King, R.E., McGlohn, S.E. & Retzla, P.D. (1997) Female United States Air Force pilot personality:
The new right stu, Military Medicine, 162(10), pp. 695-697
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Kormos, Z. (1999) Career-socialization of women college students, Minerva: Quarterly Report on
Women and the Military, 17, pp. 106-110
Lakhani, H. & Gade, P.A. (1992) Career Decisions of Dual Military Career Couples - A Multidisciplinary
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(Gender and family issues)
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pp. 118-122
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122 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
Moore, B.L. & Webb, S.C. (2000) Perceptions of equal opportunity among women and minority
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(Gender equality)
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Military Medicine, 166(10), pp. 889-893
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Nevo, B. (1976) Using biographical information to predict success of men and women in the
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(Gender, mental and physical health)
Pazy, A. & Oron, I. (2001) Sex proportion and performance evaluation among high-ranking
military ocers, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 22(6), pp. 689-702
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Ritchie, E.C. (2001) Issues for military women in deployment: An overview, Military Medicine,
166(12), pp. 1033-1038
Rutlinger-Reiner, R. (2005) “My Aim is to get Higher and Higher”: Worship Onstage, Nashim: A
Journal of Jewish Women’s Studies & Gender Issues, 10(1), pp. 10-28
Segal, D.R., Bachman, J.G. & Dowdell, F. (1978) Military service for female and black youth –
perceived mobility opportunity, Youth & Society, 10(2), pp. 127-134
(Gender equality)
Smith, T.C., Jacobson, I.G., Smith, B., Hooper, T.I. & Ryan, M.A. (2007) The occupational role
of women in military service: validation of occupation and prevalence of exposures in the
Millennium Cohort Study, International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 17(4), pp. 271-284
Stachowitsch, S. (2008) Fighting Women - The Impact of Military Labor Market Developements on
Gender Ideologies in the US, Osterreichische Zeitschrift Fur Politikwissenschaft, 37(2) pp. 165-180
Stoddard, E.R. (1994) Married Female Ocers in a Combat Branch: Occupation-Family Stress and
Future Career Choices, Minerva: Quarterly Report on Women and the Military, 12(2), pp. 1-14
(Gender and family issues)
Stoever, C.J., Schmaling, K.B., Gutierrez, C.A., Fonseca, C. & Blume, A.W. (2007) Predicting
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Reservists, Defence Economics, 4(4), pp. 339-352
Tziner, A. & Dolan, S. (1982) Evaluation of a Traditional Selection System in Predicting Success of
Females in Ocer Training, Journal of Occupational Psychology, 55(4), pp. 269-275
(Gender and leadership)
Tziner, A. & Donan, S. (1982) Validity of an assessment center for identifying future female ocers
in the military, Journal of Applied Psychology, 67(6), pp. 728-736
(Gender and leadership)
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Studies,4(1), pp. 50-70
Wiggins, E.E. & Soldwedel, B.J. (1989) Increasing Technological Employment Opportunities for
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(Gender equality)
Woodward, R. & Winter, P. (2004) Discourses of Gender in the Contemporary British Army, Armed
Forces & Society, 30(2), pp. 279-301
(Women in combat)
n ❘ Gender, Career and Deployment – Books
Harrell, M.C. (2007) Assessing the Assignment Policy for Army Women, Santa Monica, CA: RAND
Corporation, 184pp
Iskra, D.M. (2010) Women in the United States Armed Forces: A Guide to the Issues, Westport, CT:
Praeger, 208pp
(Gender equality)
Rusin, J.B. (2001) Move to the front: a guide to success for the working woman: military leadership
secrets from a woman soldier, Novato, CA: Presidio Press, 173pp
(Gender and leadership)
Williams, C.L. (1991) Gender Dierences at Work: Women and Men in Nontraditional Occupations,
Berkley, CA: University of California Press, 206pp
n ❘ Gender, Career and Deployment – Reports, etc.
Adams, J. (1984) Early Career Preparation, Experiences, and Commitment of Female and Male West
Point Graduates: Volume 1, West Point, NY: Military Academy West Point, 242pp
(Gender and military education)
Adams, J. (1984) Early Career Preparation, Experiences, and Commitment of Female and Male West
Point Graduates: Volume 2, West Point, NY: Military Academy West Point, 170pp
(Gender and military education)
Bender, P., Tanner, L. & Tseng, S. (1995) A Preliminary Analysis of Career progression of Female NCMS
in the Canadian Forces, Ottawa, ON: Defense Research & Development Canada, 179pp
Bender, P., Tanner, L. & Tseng, S. (1995) A Preliminary Analysis of Career progression of Female
Ocers in the Canadian Forces, Ottawa, ON: Defense Research & Development Canada, 105pp
Bender, P., Tanner, L. & Tseng, S. (1995) An Impact Analysis of Downsizing on the Participation of
Female Ocers in the Canadian Forces: Occupational Group Comparison, Ottawa, ON: Defense
Research & Development Canada, 152pp
Bender, P., Tanner, L. & Tseng, S. (1994) An Impact Analysis of Downzising on the Overall Participation of
Female Ocers in the Canadian Forces, Ottawa, ON: Defense Research & Development Canada, 63pp
Durning, K.P. (1982) How Enlisted Women and Men View the Navy Organization, San Diego, CA:
Navy Personnel Research and Development Center, 40pp
Durning, K.P. & Mumford, S.J. (1976) Dierential Perceptions of Organizational Climate Held by
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Center, 46pp
124 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
Fuller, D. & Jones, S. (1983) Military personnel dilemmas: perspectives on gender-related issues. A
selected List of Resource Materials Prepared for the Human Resources Division, HQ FORSCOM, Fort
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Garcia, F.E., Lawler, K.S. & Reese, D.L. (1999) Women at Sea: Unplanned Losses and Accession
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Gordon, C.C., Foti, H.M. & Donelson, S.M. (1997) 1995 US Navy/Marine Corps Matched Male and
Female Anthropometric Eligible Pilot Databases, Patuxent River MD: Naval Air Warfare Center
Aircraft Division, 262pp
Greebler, C.S., Thomas, P.J. & Kuczynski, J.D. (1982) Men and Women in Ships: Preconceptions of the
Crews, San Diego, CA: Navy Personnel Research and Development Center, 58pp
Greenlees, J.B., Deak, M.A., Rockwell, D., Lee, K. & Perry, S.(2003) Tabulations of Responses from the
2002 Status of the Armed Forces Survey- Workplace and Gender Relations: Volume 2, Gender Related
Experiences in the Military and Gender Relations, Rockville, MD: Westat INC, 979pp
Hay, M.S. (1992) Gender and Ethnic Eects in the 1990 Army Career Satisfaction Survey, Alexandria,
VA: US Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences, 41pp
Hosek, S.D., Tiemeyer, P., Kilburn, R., Strong, D.A., Ducksworth, S. & Ray, R. (2001) Minority and
Gender Dierences in Ocer Career Progression, Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 207pp
Jesion, A. & Winiszewska, M. (1999) A Comparative Analysis of Attrition Rates in the Radio and
Teletype Operator Occupation by Rank and Gender, Ottawa, ON: Defense Research & Development
Canada, 39pp
Johnson, J.L. (2000) Racial and Gender Dierences in the Five Factors of Personality within Military
Samples, Patrick AFB, FL: The Defense Equal Opportunity Management Institute, 30pp
Jones, J.T. (1997) Gender dierences in job satisfaction in the US Army, Alexandria, VA: US Army
Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences, 157pp
Moore, B.L. (2001) Beyond Race and Gender: Motivating Enlisted Personnel to Remain in Today’s
Military, Patrick AFB, FL: The Defense Equal Opportunity Management Institute, 34pp
Newell, C.E. & Thomas, P.J. (1993) Comparison of Permanent Change of Station Costs for Women
and Men Transferred Prematurely From Ships, San Diego, CA: Navy Personnel Research and
Development Center, 15pp
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Diego, CA: Navy Personnel Research and Development Center, 17pp
Rudert, K.K. (1999) The utilization of men and women in enlisted US Air Force career elds, Randolph
AFB, TX: Air Force Occupational Measurement Squadron, 18pp
Spishock, P.M. & Scheifers, C.C. (1983) The Eects of Performance Evaluation Narratives on the
Promotion of Male and Female Unrestricted Line (URL) Ocers, San Diego, CA: Navy Personnel
Research and Development Center
Steinberg, A.G., Harris, B.C. & Scarville, J. (1993) Why Promotable Female Ocers Leave the Army,
Alexandria, VA: Army Research Institute for the behavioral and Social Sciences, 44pp
Tanner, L. (1997) Female Attrition from the Regular Force of the Canadian Forces (1989-1996),
125
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Ottawa, ON: Defense Research & Development Canada, 52pp
Teplitzky, M.L., Thomas, S.A. & Nogami, G.Y. (1988) Dual Army Career Ocers: Job Attitudes and
Career Intentions of Male and Female Ocers, Alexandria, VA: US Army Research Institute for
Behavioral and Social Studies, 67pp
Thomas, P.J., Monda, M.J., Mills, S.H., & Mathis, J.A. (1982) Navy Women in Traditional and
Nontraditional Jobs: A Comparison of Satisfaction, Attrition, and Reenlistment, San Diego, CA: Navy
Personnel Research and Development Center, 41pp
Tiemeier, P. (2001) Minority and Gender Dierences in Ocer Career Progression, Santa Monica, CA:
RAND Corporation, 186pp
US Committee on Armed Services (1994) Assignment of Army and Marine Corps Women under the
New Denition of Ground Support, Washington, DC: GPO, 107pp
(Gender equality)
US Department of Defence (1998) Career Progression of Minority and Women Ocers, Washington,
DC: Department of Defence, 116pp
US General Accounting Oce (1999) Gender issues: trends in the occupational distribution of
military women, Washington, DC: US General Accounting Oce, 51pp
US General Accounting Oce (1998) Gender issues: analysis of promotion and career opportunities
data, Washington, DC: US General Accounting Oce. 70pp
US General Accounting Oce (1993) Women in the military: deployment in the Persian Gulf War,
Washington, DC: US General Accounting Oce, 58pp
US General Accounting Oce (1991) Women in the military: Air Force revises job availability but
entry screening needs review, Washington, DC: US General Accounting Oce, 10pp
US General Accounting Oce (1989) Women in the military: career progression not a current
problem but concerns remain, Washington, DC: US General Accounting Oce, 36pp
Waite, L. & Barryman, S.E. (1985) Women in Nontraditional Occupations – Choice and Turnover,
Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 98pp
n ❘ Gender, Career and Deployment – Ph.D Theses (non-military)
Arbogast, K.A. (1974) The procurement of women for the armed forces: an analysis of occupational
choice [Ph.D Thesis], Washington, DC: George Washington University, 266pp
Ashley, S.K. (1989) The Federal Women’s Program as implemented by the United States Navy [D.P.A.
Thesis], La Verne, CA: University of La Verne, 148pp
(Gender equality)
Buckner, P.D. (1984) Perceptions of careers among military spouses: patterns and trends of selected
Air Force dependents [Ph.D Thesis], Tacoma, WA: Pacic Lutheran University, 63pp
Cooney, R.T. (2003) Moving with the military: race, class, and gender dierences in the employment
consequences of tied migration [Ph.D Thesis], College Park, MD: University of Maryland, 297pp
DiGuglielmo, T. (2000) Reaching for the stars: Comparison of female and male Army ocers career
progression [Ph.D Thesis], Lexington, KY: University of Kentucky, 296pp
(Gender equality)
126 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
Gliner, M.D. (2000) A few good women: mentoring in the United States Army [Ph.D Thesis], Santa
Cruz, CA: University of California, 68pp
Iskra, D.M. (2007) Breaking through the “brass” ceiling: elite military women’s strategies for success
[Ph.D Thesis], College Park, MD: University of Maryland, 267pp
Kemp, J.E. (2004) Women deployed: pattern proles of women who served during the Persian Gulf
War [Ph.D Thesis], Denver, CO: University of Colorado, 222pp
Keys, C.S. (1997) “And the Army keeps rolling along”: a study of the eects of gender and race on
women ocers’ careers and the strategies they use to survive and succeed [Ph.D Thesis], Carbondale,
IL: Southern Illinois University, 333pp
McMahan, A.P. (1996) Female US Army personnel in traditional and nontraditional jobs: a
comparison of their perceptions of the quality and atmosphere of training [Ph.D Thesis], Richmond,
VA: Virginia Commonwealth University, 131pp
Raiha, N.K. (1986) Dual-career couples in the US Army: a descriptive study [Ph.D Thesis], Seattle, WA:
University of Washington, 349pp
(Gender and family issues)
Skolnik, N. (1980) Comparison of career Navy and civilian male personal characteristics and
potential conict areas related to work relationships with women [Ph.D Thesis], San Diego, CA:
United States International University, 106pp
Tate, L.H. (1996) The life structure development of African American women career ocers [Ph.D
Thesis], Austin, TX: University of Texas, 317pp
(Gender, race and ethnicity)
Warner, R.L. (1985) The impact of military service on the early career: an extension of the bridging
environment hypothesis to women [Ph.D Thesis], Pullman, WA: Washington State University,
152pp
n ❘ Gender, Career and Deployment – Ph.D & Master Theses (military)
Amundsen, E. (1987) Job satisfaction for male and female US Air Force ocers [Master Thesis],
Monterey, CA: US Naval Postgraduate School, 71pp
Arrowood, J.M.Y. (1986) Determinants of quit behavior among managerial and professional women
[Master Thesis], Monterey, CA: US Naval Postgraduate School, 72pp
Arthur, G.T. (1996) The eect of gender on attrition at the Defense Language Institute Foreign
Language Center [Master Thesis], Monterey, CA: US Naval Postgraduate School, 47pp
Bartholomew, C.J. (1973) Personal value systems and career objectives of men vis-a-vis women Air
Force ocers [Master Thesis], Wright-Patterson AFB, OH: US Air Force Institute of Technology,
282pp
Baxter, D.F. (1993) Women and Nontraditional Occupations in the Navy: A Study of Qualication
over Time [Master Thesis], Monterey, CA: US Naval Postgraduate School, 83pp
Bolalek, P.J. (1975) A study to determine the adequacy of the tools and equipment used by Air Force
women in the craft skills [Master Thesis], Wright-Patterson AFB, OH: US Air Force Institute of
Technology, 131pp
Brown, M.B. (1993) An analysis of the propensity for nontraditonal occupations among civilian and
127
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Navy women [Master Thesis], Monterey, CA: US Naval Postgraduate School, 110pp
Castle, M.J. (1976) Women (and men) in the US Army: a study in optimal utilization [Master Thesis],
Monterey, CA: US Naval Postgraduate School, 145pp
Clifton, E.A. (2003) Factors aecting the retention decisions of female surface warfare ocers
[Master Thesis], Monterey, CA: US Naval Postgraduate School, 129pp
Evertson, A. & Nesbitt, A. (2004) The Glass Ceiling Eect and its Impact on Mid-level Female Ocer
Career Progression in the United States Marine Corps and Air Force [Master Thesis], Monterey, CA:
US Naval Postgraduate School, 145pp
(Gender equality)
Feroglia, M.J. (1986) A comparison of the career intentions of enlisted women to work group factors
[Master Thesis], Wright-Patterson AFB, OH: US Air Force Institute of Technology, 64pp
Graham, S.L. (2006) An exploratory study: female surface warfare ocers’ decisions to leave their
community [Master Thesis], Monterey, CA: US Naval Postgraduate School, 87pp
Kaspar, D.M. (1995) The eects of the drawdown on promotion and career opportunities of female
ocers [Master Thesis], Monterey, CA: US Naval Postgraduate School, 95pp
Keegan, T.A. (1999) Study of factors aecting the retention decisions of sea-going female naval
aviators and naval ight ocers [Master Thesis], Monterey, CA: US Naval Postgraduate School,
130pp
Lowell, R.W. (1987) An analysis of the factors aecting the career orientation/turnover behavior of
female Naval Ocers [Master Thesis], Monterey, CA: US Naval Postgraduate School, 84pp
Matthews, V.S. (1979) An examination of unrestricted line women ocers’ carreer patterns and
related issues [Master Thesis], Monterey, CA: US Naval Postgraduate School, 226pp
Mitchell, M.E. (1999) Study of voluntary resignation by female midshipmen from the Naval Academy
[Master Thesis], Monterey, CA: US Naval Postgraduate School, 105pp
Pecenco, E.G. (2005) The retention of female unrestricted line ocers [Master Thesis], Monterey,
CA: US Naval Postgraduate School, 65pp
Quintero, L.M. (1980) Career intent of women vis a vis men in the United States Air Force [Master
Thesis], Wright-Patterson AFB, OH: US Air Force Institute of Technology, 206pp
Reed, S.L. (1991) Retention and promotion rates of Naval female ocers [Master Thesis], Monterey,
CA: US Naval Postgraduate School, 50pp
Sealey, V.D. (1997) Study of attrition among enlisted women in the Navy [Master Thesis], Monterey,
CA: US Naval Postgraduate School, 63pp
Spillane, R. (1987) Comparison of career perceptions of female and male Surface Warfare Ocers
[Master Thesis], Monterey, CA: US Naval Postgraduate School, 137pp
Taylor, C.R. (2005) The impact of demographics and militar y factors aecting retention rates
aecting female and male ocers in the surface warfare and restricted line communities [Master
Thesis], Monterey, CA: US Naval Postgraduate School, 49pp
Turner, D.M.H. (1998) The Experience of Chief Nurses in Military Operations Other Than War
[Doctoral Thesis], Dayton, OH: US Air Force Institute of Technology, 189pp
Werkhaven, L.R. (1993) A Cohort Analysis of Career Progression for Ethnic and Female Ocers in the
128 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
U. S. Navy [Master Thesis], Monterey, CA: US Naval Postgraduate School, 318pp
n ❘ Gender, Child Abuse and Maltreatment in Military Communities – Journal Articles
Acord, L.D. (1977) Child-Abuse and Neglect in Navy, Military Medicine, 142(11), pp. 862-864
Brewster, A.L., Nelson, J.P., Hymel, K.P., Colby, D.R., Lucas, D.R., McCanne, T.R. & Milner, J.S. (1998)
Victim, perpetrator, family, and incident characteristics of 32 infant maltreatment deaths in the
United States Air Force, Child Abuse and Neglect - the International Journal, 22(2), pp. 91-101
Brown, G.W. (1983) Preventive involvement in child abuse and neglect by general pediatrician in
a military community, Child Abuse & Neglect, 7(1), pp. 61-70
Chamberlain, H. (2003) Research on child abuse in the US Armed Forces, Military Medicine,
168(3), pp. 257-260
Dubanoski, R.A. & McIntosh, S.R. (1984) Child abuse and neglect in military and civilian families,
Child Abuse & Neglect, 8(1), pp. 55-67
Gibbs, D.A., Martin, S.L., Johnson, R.E., Rentz, E.D., Clinton-Sherrod, M. & Hardison, J. (2008) Child
maltreatment and substance abuse among US Army soldiers, Child Maltreatment, 13(3), pp. 259-
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(Gender, alcohol and substance use)
Gibbs, D.A., Martin, S.L., Kupper, L.L. & Johnson, R.E. (2007) Child Maltreatment in Enlisted
Soldiers’ Families During Combat-Related Deployments, JAMA: Journal of the American Medical
Association, 298(5), pp. 528-535
Henley, S.R. (1996) Caveat criminale: The impact of the new military rules of evidence in sexual
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Herman-Giddens, M.E. & Vitaglione, T.J. (2005) Child abuse homicides: a special problem within
North Carolina’s military families, North Carolina Medical Journal, 66(5), pp. 380-382
Herndon, W.A. (1983) Child abuse in a military population, Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics, 3(1),
pp. 73-76
James, J.J., James, N.S., Furukawa, T.P. & Mangelsdor, A.D. (1984) Child-Abuse and Neglect
Reports in the United States Army Central Registry, Military Medicine, 149(4), pp. 205-206
Jellen, L.K., McCarroll, J.E. & Thayer, L.E. (2001) Child emotional maltreatment: a 2-year study of
US Army cases, Child Abuse & Neglect, 25(5), pp. 623-639
Linkh, D.J., Besetsny, L.K., Collins, P.S., Thomsen, C.J., Rabenhorst, M.M., Rosenbaum, A. & Milner,
J.S. (2008) Suspected Child and Spouse Maltreatment Referral Sources: Who Reports Child and
Spouse Maltreatment to the Air Force Family Advocacy Program?, Military Medicine, 173(12), pp.
1203-1209
(Gender and spouse abuse)
Linter, J.E. (2005) Humanitarian Intervention: Legitimising the Illegal?, Defence Studies, 5(2), pp. 271-294
(Gender and spouse abuse)
Lucas, D.R., Wezner, K.C., Milner, J.S., McCanne, T.R., Harris, I.N., Monroe-Posey, C. & Nelson, J.P.
(2002) Victim, perpetrator, family, and incident characteristics of infant and child homicide in the
Gender, Child Abuse and Maltreatment in Military Communities
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United States Air Force, Child Abuse and Neglect, 26(2), pp. 167-186
McCarroll, J.E., Zizhong F., Newby, J.H. & Ursano, R.J. (2008) Trends in US Army child maltreatment
reports: 1990–2004, Child Abuse Review, 17(2), pp. 108-118
McCarroll, J.E., Ursano, R.J., Fan, Z. & Newby, J.H. (2004) Classication of the Severity of US Army
and Civilian Reports of Child Maltreatment, Military Medicine, 169(6), pp. 461-464
McCarroll, J.E., Ursano, R.J., Fan, Z. & Newby, J.H. (2004) Comparison of US Army and Civilian
Substantiated Reports of Child Maltreatment, Child Maltreatment, 9(1), pp. 103-110
McCarroll, J.R., Newby, J.H., Thayer, L.E., Ursano, R.J., Norwood, A.E. & Fullerton, C.S. (1999) Trends
in child maltreatment in the us army, 1975–1997, Child Abuse & Neglect, 23(9), pp. 855-861
Mishik, A.N. & Ferry, F.T. (1992) The Utilization of Medical and Nonmedical Specialties in the
Assessment of Child Abuse in the Military Community, Military Medicine, 157(6), pp. 291-294
Mollerstrom, W.W. (1995) Child Maltreatment: The United States Air Force’s Response, Child
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n ❘ Gender, Child Abuse and Maltreatment in Military Communities – Ph.D Theses
(non-military)
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n ❘ Gender, Childhood Victimization and Sexual Trauma among Military
Personnel – Journal Articles
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military basic training, Military Medicine, 157(12), pp. 645-648
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Gender, Childhood Victimization and Sexual
Trauma among Military Personnel
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Merrill, L.L., Thomsen, C.J., Gold, S.R. & Milner, J.S. (2001) Childhood Abuse and Premilitary Sexual
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(Gender, career and deployment)
n ❘ Gender, Childhood Victimization and Sexual Trauma among Military
Personnel – Reports, etc.
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n ❘ Gender, Childhood Victimization and Sexual Trauma among Military
Personnel – Ph.D Theses (non-military)
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134 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
Dubnov, G., Foldes, A.J., Mann, G., Magazanik, A., Siderer, N. & Constantini, N. (2006) High
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136 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
Woodru, S.I., Conway, T.L. & Edwards, C.C. (2000) Eect of an eight week smoking ban on
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n ❘ Gender, Mental and Physical Health – Reports, etc.
Bray, R.M. (2001) Health status of military women in the total force, Research Triangle Park, NC:
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Bray, R.M., Murchison, A.M. & Walker, J.A. (2001) Health behaviors and performance of military
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Human, A.H., Adler, A.B. & Castro, C.A. (2000) The Impact of Deployment History on the Wellbeing
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(Gender, career and deployment)
Human, A.H., Adler, A.B. & Castro, C.A. (2000) The Impact of Deployment Length and Deployment
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(Gender, career and deployment)
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Royle, M.H. (1985) Factors Aecting Attrition among Marine Corps Women, San Diego, CA: Navy
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n ❘ Gender, Mental and Physical Health – Ph.D Theses (non-military)
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(Women specic health issues)
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n ❘ Gender, Mental and Physical Health – Ph.D & Master Theses (military)
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examinations [Master Thesis], Bethesda, MD: Uniformed Services University of the Health
Sciences, 64pp
Stamper, T.L. (1998) Female health and physical tness at the Naval Academy [Master Thesis],
Monterey, CA: US Naval Postgraduate School, 143pp
(Gender and military education)
Sthultz, T.T. (2004) Military Deployments as a Respite from Burnout: An Analysis of Gender and
Family [Master Thesis], Wright-Patterson AFB, OH: US Air Force Institute of Technology, 62pp
(Gender, career and deployment)
n ❘ Gender, Nutrition and Eating Disorders – Journal Articles
Antczak, A.J. & Brininger, T.L. (2008) Diagnosed Eating Disorders in the US Military: A Nine Year
Review, Eating Disorders, 16(5), pp. 363-377
Arsenault, J.E. & Cline, A.D. (2000) Nutrient intakes and characteristics of normal weight, female
military personnel consuming foods reduced in fat or energy content, Appetite,34(3), pp. 227-233
Bathalon, G.P., McGraw, S.M., Sharp, M.A., Williamson, D.A., Young, A.J. & Friedl, K.E. (2006) The
Eect of Proposed Improvements to the Army Weight Control Program on Female Soldiers,
Military Medicine, 171(8), pp. 800-805
Cline, A.D., Allen, H.R., Patrick, K. & Hunt, A.E. (1998) Gender Dierences in Food Preferences of
Young Men and Women in the Armed Forces, Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 98(9),
p. A104
Etzion-Daniel, Y., Constantini, N., Finestone, A.S., Shahar, D.R., Israeli, E., Yanovich, R. & Moran, D.S.
(2008) Nutrition consumption of female combat recruits in army basic training, Medicine and
Science in Sports and Exercise, 40(S11), pp. S677-S684
Garber, A.K., Boyer, C.B., Pollack, L.M., Chang, Y.J. & Shafer, M. (2008) Body Mass Index and
Disordered Eating Behaviors Are Associated with Weight Dissatisfaction in Adolescent and
Young Adult Female Military Recruits, Military Medicine, 173(2), pp. 138-145
Harrow, J.J., Cordovés, R.I. & Hulette, R.B. (2006) Attitudes toward Intentional Weight Loss and
Dietary Behavior among US Army Reserve Soldiers during Annual Training, Military Medicine,
171(7), pp. 678-683
Gender, Nutrition and Eating Disorders
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King N., Fridlund K.E., Askew E.W. (1993) Nutrition issues of military women, Journal of the
American College of Nutrition, 12(4), pp. 344-348
Knapik, J.J., Burse, R.L., Vogel, J.A. (1983) Height, Weight, Percent Body Fat, and Indexes of
Adiposity for Young Men and Women Entering the United States Army, Aviation Space and
Environmental Medicine, 54(3), pp. 223-231
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Military Medicine, 166(3), pp. 264-268
Lauder, T.D. (1999) The female athele traid: Prevalence in military women, Military Medicine,
164(9), pp. 630-635
Lauder, T.D., Williams, M.V., Campbell, C., Davis, G.D. & Sherman, R.A. (1999) Abnormal eating
behaviors in military women, Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 31(9), pp. 1265-1271
Marriott, B. (1996) Nutrition and health in military women: a lifelong issue, Women’s Health Issues,
6(6), pp. 371-374
McNulty, P.A. (2001) Prevalence and contributing factors of eating disorder behaviors in a
population of female Navy nurses, Military Medicine, 162(10), p. 703-706
McNulty, P.A. (1997) Prevalence and contributing factors of eating disorder behaviors in active
duty service women in the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marines, Military Medicine, 162(1), p. 53-58
Patton, J.F., Daniels, W.L. & Vogel, J.A. (1980) Aerobic Power and Body Fat of Men and Women
during Army Basic Training, Aviation Space and Environmental Medicine, 51(5), pp. 492-496
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disorders in newly drafted female recruits in Israel, Archives of Women’s Mental Health, 2(3), pp.
107-116
Warner, C., Warner, C., Matuszak, T. & Rachal, J. (2007) Disordered Eating in Entry-Level Military
Personnel, Military Medicine, 172(2), pp. 147-151
n ❘ Gender, Nutrition and Eating Disorders – Reports, etc.
Costello, R.B. (1996) Nutrient requirements, body composition, and health of military women,
Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences Institute of Medicine, 16pp
Institute of Medicine (US) - Committee on Body Composition, Nutrition, and Health of Military
Women (1998) Assessing readiness in militar y women: the relationship of body composition,
nutrition, and health, Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 352pp
King, N., Arsenault, J.E., Mutter, S.H., Champagne, C., Murphy, T.C., Westphal, K.A., Askew, E.W.
(1994) Nutritional Intake of Female Soldiers During the US Army Basic Combat Training, Natick, MA:
US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 116pp
Lauder, T.D. (1997) The female athlete triad: prevalence in military women, Tacoma, WA: Madigan
Army Medical Center, 35pp
Westphal, K.A., Friedl, K.E., Sharp, M.A., King, N., & Kramer, T.R. (1995) Health, Performance, and
Nutritional Status of US Army Women during Basic Combat Training, Natick, MA: US Army Research
Institute of Environmental Medicine, 146pp
140 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
n ❘ Gender, Nutrition and Eating Disorders – Ph.D Theses (non-military)
McNullty, M.A. (1994) Eating disorders among active duty female Navy nurses: who, when and why?
[D.P.H. Thesis], Manoa, HI: University of Hawaii, 320pp
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eating disorders and substance abuse in military personnel [Ph.D Thesis], Raleigh, NC: North
Carolina State University, 93pp
(Gender, alcohol and substance use)
n ❘ Gender, Nutrition and Eating Disorders – Ph.D & Master Theses (military)
Quesenberry, H.A. (1996) The prevalence of eating disorders within the Air Force active duty female nurse
corps [Master Thesis], Bethesda MD: Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 58pp
n ❘ Gender, Operational and Organizational Eectiveness – Journal Articles
Basham, V.M. (2009) Eecting Discrimination: Operational Eectiveness and Harassment in the
British Armed Forces, Armed Forces & Society, 35(4), pp. 728–744
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111-120
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Coker, C. (2000) Humanising Warfare, or Why Van Creveld May Be Missing the ‘Big Picture’,
Millennium: Journal of International Studies, 29(2), pp. 429-460
(Gender stereotypes)
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of International Studies, 29(2), pp. 443-448
(Gender stereotypes)
Hirschfeld, R.R., Jordan, M.H., Feild, H.S., Giles, W.F. & Armenakis, A.A. (2005) Teams’ female
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(Gender equality)
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Gender Operational and Organizational Effectiveness
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(Gender integration)
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Reports, 74(2), pp. 499-511
(Gender integration)
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7(1), pp. 82-98
van Creveld, M. (2000) Less than we can be: Men, women and the modern military, Journal of
Strategic Studies, 23(4), pp. 1-20
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29(2), pp. 429-442
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cohesion, Military Medicine, 165(4), pp. 237-238
n ❘ Gender, Operational and Organizational Eectiveness – Books
Gutmann, S. (2001) The Kinder, Gentler Military: How Political Correctness Aects Our Ability to Win
Wars, San Francisco, CA: Encounter Books, 285pp
Gutmann, S. (2000) The Kinder, Gentler Military: Can America’s Gender-Neutral Fighting Force Still
Win Wars?, New York, NY: Scribner, 300pp
van Creveld, M. (2004) Men, Women & War: Do Women Belong In The Front Line?, London, UK:
Cassell, 288pp
(Women in combat)
n ❘ Gender, Operational and Organizational Eectiveness – Reports, etc.
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Decision Making Teams; Impact on Team Process and Outcome, Armstrong Lab Brooks AFB, TX:
Crew Systems Directorate, 60pp
Harrell, M.C. & Miller, L.L. (1998) New Opportunities for Military Women: Eects Upon Readiness,
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Lanigan, J.D. (1974) An analysis of Army female accessions, McLean, VA: Operation Analysis
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McIntyre, R.M. (2001) EO Fairness Eects on Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, and
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142 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
Defense Equal Opportunity Management Institute, 33pp
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354pp
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(Gender, physical and pshychological ability)
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units,Washington, DC: US General Accounting Oce, 40pp
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n ❘ Gender, Operational and Organizational Eectiveness – Ph.D Theses (non-military)
Anderson, G.B. (2008) Amazons or butteries in the wild blue yonder: gender perceptions of
organizational eectiveness in the United States Air Force, 1991-2001 [Ph.D Thesis], St. Louis, MO:
Saint Louis University, 254pp
(Gender identity and gender roles)
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[Ph.D Thesis], Manhattan, KS: Kansas State University, 67pp
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groups which include women in traditional jobs, and all-male groups [Thesis], Washington, DC:
George Washington University, 298pp
n ❘ Gender, Operational and Organizational Eectiveness – Ph.D & Master Theses (military)
Barker Jr., J.M. (1995) Team Decision Making and the Tower of Hanoi: the Eects of Gender and
Practice [Ph.D Thesis], Wright-Patterson AFB, OH: Air Force Institute of Technology, 82pp
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eectiveness and their relation to women [Master Thesis], Monterey, CA: US Naval Postgraduate
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eectiveness [Master Thesis], Wright-Patterson AFB, OH: US Air Force Institute of Technology,
130pp
Ryan, H.A. (2005) Fair game: combat eectiveness and the female soldier [Master Thesis], Kingston,
ON: Royal Military College of Canada, 174pp
Saimons, V.J. (1992) Women in combat: are the risks to combat eectiveness too great? [Monograph],
Fort Leavenworth, KS: US Army Command and General Sta College, 52pp
(Women in combat)
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Leavenworth, KS: US Army Command and General Sta College, 58pp
n ❘ Gender, Physical and Psychological Ability – Journal Articles
Baldi, K.A. (1991) An overview of physical tness of female cadets at the military academies,
Military Medicine, 156(10), pp. 537-539
Beutler, A.I., de la Motte, S.J., Marshall, S.W., Padua, D.A. & Boden, B.P. (2009) Muscle strength and
qualitative jump-landing dierences in male and female military cadets: The jump-ACL study,
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Blacker, S.D., Wilkinson, D.M. & Rayson, M.P. (2009) Gender Dierences in the Physical Demands
of British Army Recruit Training, Military Medicine, 174(8), pp. 811-816
Brock, J.R. & Legg, S.J. (1997) The eects of 6 weeks training on the physical tness of female
recruits to the British army, Ergonomics, 40(3), pp. 400-411
Brower, M.J. (1996) Undermining Old Taboos: US, UK Studies Say Women Can Meet Physical
Demands of Combat, Armed Forces Journal International, 13
(Women in combat)
Carretta, T.R. (1997) Male-female performance on US Air Force pilot selection tests, Aviation
Space and Environmental Medicine, 68(9), pp. 818-823
Cote, R.W., Bomar, J.B., Robertshaw, G.E. & Thomas, J.C. (1977) Maximal Aerobic Power in Women
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Gender, Physical and Psychological Ability
144 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
Flynn, J.R. (1998) Israeli military IQ tests: Gender dierences small; IQ gains large, Journal of
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Gibson, J.R. (2005) Completion of Naval Flight Training: Do Gender or Race Matter?, Equal
Opportunities International, 24(1), pp. 35-43
Gibson, S.G. & Harvey, R.J. (2003) Gender and Ethnicity Based Dierential Item Functioning on
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Herbert, M.S. (1993) From Crinoline to Camouage: Initial Entry Training and the Marginalization
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(Gender equality)
Kusano, M.A., Vanderburgh, P.M. & Bishop, P. (1997) Impact of body size on women’s military
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(Gender and the body)
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Sharp, M.A. Patton, J.F., Knapik, J.J., Hauret, K., Mello, R.P., Ito, M. & Frykman, P.N. (2002) Comparison
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Voge, V.M. & King, R.E. (1997) Interpersonal relationship and prisoner of war concerns of rated
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(2008) Dierences in Physical Fitness of Male and Female Recruits in Gender-Integrated Army
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n ❘ Gender, Physical and Psychological Ability – Books
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350pp
(Gender integration)
Mitchell, B. (1989) Weak Link: The Feminization of the American Military, Washington, DC: Regnery
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(Gender integration)
n ❘ Gender, Physical and Psychological Ability – Reports, etc.
Armestrong, L.E. & Maresh, C.M. (1998) Conditioning Military Women for Optimal Performance:
Eects of Contraceptive Use, Fort Detrick, MD: US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command,
40pp
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52pp
Boyd, A.H. (1975) Performance of rst-tour WAC enlisted women: data base for the per formance
orientation of women’s basic training, Alexandria, VA: Human Resources Research Organization,
158pp
Brown, W.B., Dohme, J.H. & Wick, D.C. (1980) An Evaluation of Minority and Female Performance
in Army Rotar y Wing Aviation Training, Alexandria, VA: Research Institute for the Behavioral and
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Chapman, A.W. (2008) Mixed-Gender Basic Training: The US Army Experience, 1973-2004, Fort
Monroe, VA: US Army Training and Doctrine Command, 197pp
(Gender and military education)
Harman, E., Frykman, P., Palmer, C., Lammi, E. & Reynolds, K. (1997) Eects of a Specically Designed
Physical Conditioning Program on the Load Carriage and Lifting Performance of Female Soldiers,
Natick, MA: US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 112pp
146 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
Harper, W.H., Knapik, J. & Pontbriand, R. (1997) Female Load-Carrying Performance, Aberdeen
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Harper, W.H. & Knapik, J. (1996) Investigation of Female Load-Carrying Performance, Aberdeen
Proving Ground, MD: Army Research Laboratory, 52pp
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and its Eects on Female Recruits, Research Triangle Park, NC: Research Triangle Institute, 41pp
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Narratives of Navy Women and Men: An Examination for Bias in Promotion, San Diego, CA: Navy
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Gender, Type of Separation, MOS (Military Occupational Specialty) Traditionality, and MOS physical
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on Soldier Physical Competencies and Physiological Strain, Fishermans Bend, VIC: Defence Science
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Pope, L.T. (1982) Male and Female Performance in Ten Traditionally Male Navy Ratings, San Diego,
CA: Navy Personnel Research and Development Center, 42pp
Thomas, P.J. (1994) Fitness repor ts of naval warfare ocers: A search for gender dierences, San
Diego, CA: Navy Personnel Research and Development Center, 23pp
Thomas, P.J., Holmes, B.L. & Carroll, L.L. (1983) Gender Dierences in the Evaluations of Narratives in
Ocer Performance Ratings, San Diego, CA: Navy Personnel Research and Development Center, 35pp
Todd, W.L., Paquette, S.P. & Bensel, C.K. (1997) Compatibility of Army Systems with Anthropometric
Characteristics of Female Soldiers, Newton Center, MA: Geo-Centers Inc., 221pp
Treadwell, T.A. (1997) The Eects of Sustained Operations on Female Soldiers Performance,
Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD: Army Research Laboratory, 120pp
Trent, L.K. (1997) Longitudinal trends and gender dierences in physical tness and lifestyle factors
in career US Navy personnel (1983-1994), San Diego, CA: Naval Health Research Center, 19pp
US Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences (1977) Women content in units
force development test: (MAX WAC), Arlington, VA: Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and
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n ❘ Gender, Physical and Psychological Ability – Ph.D Theses (non-military)
Gibson, S.R. (2002) The eect of gender composition on individual performance in Army basic
combat training [D.P.A. Thesis], Los Angeles, CA: University of Southern California, 113pp
(Gender integration)
Harper, L.C. (2006) Smoking and low body weight as predictors of low military readiness among
women in the US military [Ph.D Thesis], Kansas City, MO: University of Missouri, 67pp
LeBoeuf, M.K. (1994) Eectiveness of the physical education curriculum at the United States Military
Academy in preparing its women graduates [Ed.D Thesis], Athens, GA: University of Georgia, 242pp
(Gender and military education)
147
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Sayre, B.R.G. (1984) Analysis of selected physical performance and psychological factors related to
achievement of women cadets at the United States Coast Guard Academy [Ph.D Thesis], New York,
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reservists [Ph.D Thesis], Columbia, MO: University of Missouri, 113pp
Todd, J.P. (1981) An analysis of predictor variables for completion of women soldiers’ initial training
in nontraditional service areas of the US Army [Ed.D Thesis], Washington, DC: Catholic University
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(Gender and military education)
n ❘ Gender, Physical and Psychological Ability – Ph.D & Master Theses (military)
Davis, B.J. (1991) Gender induced dierences in Naval Fitness Reports [Master Thesis], Monterey,
CA: US Naval Postgraduate School, 71pp
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Thesis], Monterey, CA: US Naval Postgraduate School, 124pp
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Leavenworth, KS: US Army Command and General Sta College, 112pp
(Women in combat)
Printy, T.M. (1979) A consideration of factors contributing to strength dierences in men and women
[Master Thesis], Monterey, CA: US Naval Postgraduate School, 77pp
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Coast Guard Academy [Master Thesis], Monterey, CA: US Naval Postgraduate School, 57pp
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Gender Neutrality? [Master Thesis], Monterey, CA: US Naval Postgraduate School, 121pp
(Recruitment of women)
Wilson, M.N. (2004) The inuences of physical attractiveness and sex-based biases on midshipman
performance evaluations at the United States Naval Academy [Master Thesis], Monterey, CA: US
Naval Postgraduate School, 95pp
n ❘ Gender, Race and Ethnicity – Journal Articles
Armour, D.J. (1996) Race and Gender in the US Military, Armed Forces & Society, 23(1), pp. 7-27
Blick, E. (2004) Covering Sex, Race and Gender in the American Military Services, Newspaper
Research Journal, 25(4), pp. 110-111
Booth, B. & Segal, D.R. (2005) Bringing the Soldiers Back In: Implications of Inclusion of Military
Personnel for Labor Market Research on Race, Class, and Gender, Race, Gender and Class, 12(1),
pp. 34-58
Gender, Race and Ethnicity
148 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
Cheatham, H.E. & Seem, S.R. (1990) Occupation equity – A black and white portrait of women in
the United States military, Review of Black Political Economy, 19(1), pp. 66-78
(Gender equality)
Hussain, A. & Ishaq, M. (2003) Promoting Equality of Opportunity in the British Armed Forces: A
‘White’ Perspective, Defence Studies, 3(3), pp. 87-102
(Gender equality)
Ishaq, M. & Hussain, A. (2004) Ethnic Minority Women and the British Armed Forces, Policy
Studies, 25(3), pp. 175-188
(Gender equality)
Lundquist, J.H. (2008) Ethnic and gender satisfaction in the military: The eect of a meritocratic
institution, American Sociological Review, 73(3), pp. 477-496
Lundquist, J.H. (2004) When Race Makes No Dierence: Marriage and the Military, Social Forces,
83(2), pp. 731-757
(Gender and family issues)
Moore, B.L. & Webb, S.C. (1998) Equal Opportunity in the US Navy: Perceptions of Active-duty
African American Women, Gender Issues, 16(3), pp. 99-119
(Gender equality)
Moore, B.L. (1991) African American Women in the US Military, Armed Forces & Society, 17(3), pp.
363-384
Rosenfeld, P. (1994) Eects of gender and ethnicity on Hispanic women in the US Navy, The
Journal of Social Psychology, 134(3), pp. 349-354
Segal, M.W., Thanner, M.H. & Segal, D.R. (2007) Hispanic and African American Men and Women
in the US Military: Trends in Representation, Race, Gender and Class, 14(3-4), pp. 48-64
Stoddard, E.R. (1993) Female Participation in the US. Military: Gender Trends by Branch, Rank and
Racial Categories, Minerva: Quarterly Report on Women and the Military, 11(1), pp. 23-40
White, A.M. (2007) All the Men Are Fighting for Freedom, All the Women Are Mourning Their Men,
but Some of Us Carried Guns: A Raced-Gendered Analysis of Fanon’s Psychological Perspectives
on War, Signs, 32(4), pp. 857-884
(Women in combat)
Wilcox, C. (1992) Race, gender, and support for women in the military, Social Science Quarterly,
73(2), pp. 310-323
n ❘ Gender, Race and Ethnicity – Ph.D Theses (non-military)
Hairston, K.R. (2004) “Somewhere under the rainbow”: the interplay of race and gender: African-
American military students’ experiences in Hawaii public schools [Ph.D Thesis], Manoa, HI:
University of Hawaii, 243pp
Pacleb, J.A. (2003) Gender, family labor, and the United States Navy: the post-World War II San Diego
Filipina/o American immigrant Navy community [Ph.D Thesis], Irvine, CA: University of California,
186pp
Ware-Asbury, T.A. (1997) Glass ceilings and glass walls: historical impasses aecting the professional
attainments of Africana female naval ocers [Ph.D Thesis], Atlanta, GA: Clark Atlanta University,
284pp
(Gender, career and deployment)
149
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Webb, S.C. (1994) Role conicts and coping of African-American female Navy ocers [Ph.D Thesis],
San Diego, CA: United States International University, 265pp
(Gender identity and gender roles)
Zoppi, I.M. (2004) The relationship of self-perceived leadership style and acculturation of Latina in
the US Army [Ph.D Thesis], College Park, MD: University of Maryland, 369pp
(Gender and leadership)
n ❘ Gender, Race and Ethnicity – Ph.D & Master Theses (military)
Daniels, K.B. (1994) The Social Construction of Race and Gender: Black Women Ocers in the U. S.
Navy [Master Thesis], Monterey, CA: US Naval Postgraduate School, 52pp
Jones, V.E. (1999) The perspectives and experiences of Black female naval ocers [Master Thesis],
Monterey, CA: US Naval Postgraduate School, 98pp
Turner, R.G. (1991) Minority Women Ocers in the Navy: Past, Present and Future Prospects [Master
Thesis], Monterey, CA: US Naval Postgraduate School, 79pp
n ❘ Gender, Sexual Harassment and Abuse in a Military Context – Journal Articles
Anonymous (2003) Abuse, harassment and violence do occur against Military Women, Military
Medicine, 168(7), p. S5
Antecol, H. & Cobb-Clark, D. (2006) The sexual harassment of female active-duty personnel:
Eects on job satisfaction and intentions to remain in the military, Journal of Economic Behavior
& Organization, 61(1), pp. 55-80
(Gender, career and deployment)
Antecol, H. & Cobb-Clark, D. (2001) Men, Women and Sexual Harassment in the US Military,
Gender Issues, 19(1), pp. 3-18
Barto, W.T. (1995) Sexual harassment and the uniform code of military justice: A primer for the
military justice: A primer for the military justice practitioner, Army Lawyer, (272), pp. 3-16
Bergman, M.E. & Henning, J.B. (2008) Sex and Ethnicity as Moderators in the Sexual Harassment
Phenomenon: A Revision and Test of Fitzgerald et al. (1994), Journal of Occupational Health
Psychology, 13(2), pp. 152-167
(Gender, race and ethnicity)
Bergman, M.E., Langhout, R.D., Palmieri, P.A., Cortina, L.M. & Fitzgerald, L.F. (2002) The (un)
reasonableness of reporting: Antecedents and consequences of reporting sexual harassment,
Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(2), pp. 230-242
Bostock, D.J. & Daley, J.G. (2007) Lifetime and current sexual assault and harassment victimization
rates of active-duty United States air force women, Violence Against Women, 13(9), pp. 927-944
Browne, K.R. (2007) Military sex scandals from Tailhook to the present: the cure can be worse
than the disease, Duke Journal of Gender Law & Policy, 14(2), pp. 749-789
Buchanan, N.T., Settles, I.H. & Woods, K.C. (2008) Comparing Sexual Harassment Subtypes among
Gender, Sexual Harassment and Abuse in a Military Context
150 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
Black and White Women by Military Rank: Double Jeopardy, the Jeezebel and the Cult of True
Womanhood, Psychology of Women Quarterly, 32(4), pp. 347-361
(Gender, race and ethnicity)
Butler, J.S. & Schmidtke, J.M. (2010) Theoretical Traditions and the Modeling of Sexual Harassment
within Organizations: The Military as Data, Armed Forces & Society, 36(2), pp. 193-222
Callahan, J.L. (2009) Manifestations of Power and Control: Training as the Catalyst for Scandal at
the United States Air Force Academy, Violence Against Women, 15(10), pp. 1149-1168
Carroll, M.H. & Clarke, M.D. (2006) Men’s Acquaintance Rape Scripts: A Comparison Between a
Regional University and a Military Academy, Sex Roles, 55(7-8), pp. 469-480
Chamallas, M. (1998) The new gender panic: Reections on sex scandals and the military,
Minnesota Law Review, 83(2), pp. 305-375
Chan, D.K.S., Lam, C.B., Chow, S.Y. & Cheung, S.F. (2008) Examining the Job-related, Psychological,
and Physical Outcomes of Workplace Sexual Harassment: A Meta-analytic Review, Psychology of
Women Quarterly,32(4), pp. 362-376
(Gender, career and deployment)
Chema, J.R. (1993) Arresting “Tailhook”: The Prosecution of Sexual Harassment in the Military,
Military Law Review, 140, pp. 1-64
Cobb-Clark, H. & Antecol, D. (2001) Men, Women, and Sexual Harassment in the US Military,
Gender Issues, 19(1), pp. 3-18
Cox III, W.T. (2007) Consensual sex crimes in the armed forces: a primer for the uninformed, Duke
Journal of Gender Law & Policy, 14(2), pp. 291-313
Culbertson, A. & Rodgers, W. (1997) Improving Managerial Eectiveness in the Workplace: The
Case of Sexual Harassment of Navy Women, Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 27(22), pp.
1953-1971
Culbertson, A.L. & Rosenfeld, P. (1994) Assessment of Sexual Harassment in the Active-Duty
Navy, Military Psychology, 6(2), pp. 69-93
Damiano, C.M. (1999) Lesbian Baiting in the Military: Institutionalized Sexual Harassment under
“Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell, Don’t Pursue”, American University Journal of Gender Social Policy and the
Law, 7(3), pp. 499-522
(Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) issues)
Donovan, M.A. & Drasgow, F. (1999) Do Men’s and Women’s Experiences of Sexual Harassment
Dier? An Examination of the Dierential Test Functioning of the Sexual Experience
Questionnaire, Military Psychology, 11(3), pp. 265-282
Dorn, E. (1994) Sexual Harassment, Defense, (3), pp. 40-42
Dubois, C.L.Z., Knapp, D.E., Faley, R.H. & Kustis, G.A. (1998) An Empirical Examination of Same-
and Other-Gender Sexual Harassment in the Workplace, Sex Roles, 39(9-10), p. 731-749
Estrada, A.X. & Berggren, A.W. (2009) Sexual Harassment and its Impact for Women Ocers and
Cadets in the Swedish Armed Forces, Military Psychology, 21(1), pp 162-185
Estrada, A.X. & Laurence, J.H. (2009) Examining the Impact of Training on the Homosexual
151
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Conduct Policy for Military Personnel, Military Psychology, 21(1), pp. 62-80
Faley, R.H., Knapp, D.E., Kustis, G.A., Dubois, C.L.Z., Youung, J. & Polin, D. (2006) Estimating the
organizational costs of same-sex sexual harassment: The case of the US Army, International
Journal of Intercultural Relations, 30(5), pp. 557-577
Faley, R.H., Knapp, D.E., Kustis, G.A. & Dubois, C.L.Z. (1999) Estimating the Organizational Costs
of Sexual Harassment: The Case of the US Army, Journal of Business and Psychology, 13(4), pp.
461-484
Ferguson, C.T. (2008) Caring sexual assault patients in the military: past, present, and future,
Journal of Forensic Nursing, 4(4), pp. 190-198
Firestone, J.M. & Harris, R.J. (2009) Sexual Harassment in the US Military Reserve Component: A
Preliminary Analysis, Armed Forces & Society, 36(1), pp. 86–102
Firestone, J.M. & Harris, R.J. (2003) Perceptions of eectiveness of responses to sexual harassment
in the US military, 1988 and 1995, Gender, Work & Organization, 10(1), pp. 42-64
Firestone, J.M. & Harris, R.J. (1999) Changes in Patterns of Sexual Harassment in the US Military: A
Comparison of the 1988 and 1995 DoD Surveys, Armed Forces & Society, 25(4), pp. 613-632
Firestone, J.M. & Harris, R.J. (1994) Sexual Harassment in the US Military: Individualized and
Environmental Contexts, Armed Forces & Society, 21(1), pp. 25-43
Fitzgerald, L.F. (2002) Toward Standardized Measurement of Sexual Harassment: Shortening the
SEQ-DoD Using Item Response Theory, Military Psychology, 14(1), pp. 49-72
Fitzgerald, L.F., Magley, V.J., Drasgow, F. & Waldo, C.R. (1999) Measuring sexual harassment in
the military: The Sexual Experiences Questionnaire (SEQ--DoD), Military Psychology, 11(3), pp.
243-263
Frayne S.M., Skinner K.M., Sullivan L.M. & Freund K.M. (2003) Sexual assault while in the military:
Violence as a predictor of cardiac risk?, Violence and Victims, 18(2), pp. 219-225
Gradus, J.L., Street, A.E., Kelly, K. & Staord, J. (2008) Sexual harassment experiences and harmful
alcohol use in a military sample: Dierences in gender and the mediating role of depression,
Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 69(3), pp. 348-351
(Gender, alcohol and substance use)
Greenlaw, P.S. & Port, W.H. (1993) Military versus civilian judicial handling of sexual harassment
cases, Labor Law Journal, 44(6), pp. 368-374
Gruber, J.E. (1998) The Impact of Male Work Environments and Organizational Policies on
Women’s Experiences of Sexual Harassment, Gender & Society, 12(3), pp. 301-320
Harned, M.S., Ormerod, A.J., Palmieri, P.A., Collinsworth, L.L. & Reed, M. (2002) Sexual Assault and
Other Types of Sexual Harassment by Workplace Personnel: A Comparison of Antecedents and
Consequences, Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 7(2), pp. 174-188
Hay, M.S. & Elig, T.W. (1999) The 1995 Department of Defense sexual harassment survey:
Overview and methodology, Military Psychology, 11(3), pp. 233-242
Heimark, K.K. (1997) Sexual Harassment in the United States Navy: A New Pair of Glasses, Naval
Law Review, 44, pp. 223-243
152 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
Higgins, M. (2005) The Air Force Academy Scandal: Will the “Agenda for Change” Counteract the
Academy’s Legal and Social Deterrents to Reporting Sexual Harassment and Assault?, Women’s
Rights Law Reporter, 26(2-3), pp. 121-138
(Gender and military education)
Hollywood, D.M. (2007) Creating a True Army of One: Four Proposals To Combat Sexual
Harassment in Today’s Army, Harvard Journal of Law and Gender, 30, pp. 151-202
Hough, S. & DeGirolamo, S. (2007) The Experience of Military Sexual Trauma and Rehabilitation
for Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury/Dysfunction, Sexuality and Disability, 25(2), pp. 65-72
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Jayne, R.B. & Kleiner, B.H. (1998) Sexual harassment in the military, Equal Opportunities
International, 17(3-5), pp. 26-30
Kasinsky, R.G (1998) Tailhook and the Construction of Sexual Harassment in the Media: “Rowdy
Navy Boys” and Women Who Made a Dierence, Violence Against Women, 4(1), pp. 81-99
Katz, L.S., Bloor, L.E., Cojucar, G. & Draper, T. (2007) Women Who Served in Iraq Seeking Mental
Health Services: Relationships Between Military Sexual Trauma, Symptoms, and Readjustment,
Psychological Services, 4(4), pp. 239-249
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Kelley, M.L., Schwerin, M.J., Farrar, K.L. & Lane, M.E. (2005) An evaluation of a sexual assault
prevention and advocacy program for US Navy personnel, Military Medicine, 170(4), pp. 320-326
Kimerling R., Street A.E., Gima K. & Smith M.W. (2008) Evaluation of universal screening for
military-related sexual trauma, Psychiatric Services, 59(6), pp. 635-640
Langhout, R.D., Bergman, M.E., Cortina, L.M., Fitzgerald, L.F., Drasgow, F. & Williams, J.H. (2005)
Sexual harassment severity: Assessing situational and personal determinants and outcomes,
Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 35(5), pp. 975-1007
Larsen, K.G. (1998) Raped by the System: Sexual Traumatization of Women in the Military,
Treating Abuse Today, 8(2), pp. 8-14
Lindquist, J.C. (1993) Sexual Harassment in the Military: Can Article 93, UCMJ, Meet the
Challenge?, Journal of Legal Studies, 4, pp. 59-73
Magley, V.J & Shupe, E.I. (2005) Self-labeling sexual harassment, Sex Roles, 53(3-4), pp. 173-189
Magley, V.J., Waldo, C.R., Drasgow, F. & Fitzgerald, L.F. (1999) The Impact of Sexual Harassment on
Military Personnel: Is It the Same for Men and Women?, Military Psychology, 11(3), pp. 283-302
Malamut, A.B. & Oermann, L.R. (2001) Coping with sexual harrassment: Personal, environmental,
and cognitive determinants, Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(6), p. 1152-1166
Martin, L., Rosen, L.N., Durand, D.B., Knudson, K.H., & Stretch, R.H. (2000) Psychological and
physical health eects of sexual assaults and nonsexual traumas among male and female United
States Army soldiers, Behavioral Medicine, 26(1), pp. 23-33
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Martin, L., Rosen, L.N., Durand, D.B., Stretch, R.H. & Knudson, K.H. (1998) Prevalence and timing
of sexual assaults in a sample of male and female US Army soldiers, Military Medicine, 163(4), pp.
213-216
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Mazur, D.H. (1998) Women, responsibility, and the military, Notre Dame Law Review, 74(1), pp. 1-45
Mazzeo, S.E., Bergman, M.E., Buchanan, N.T., Drasgow, F. & Fitzgerald, L.F. (2001) Situation-
Specic Assessment of Sexual Harassment, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 59(1), pp. 120-131
McWhorter, S.K., Stander, V.A., Merrill, L.L., Thomsen, C.J. & Milner, J.S. (2009) Reports of Rape
Reperpetration by Newly Enlisted Male Navy Personnel, Violence and Victims, 24(2), pp. 204-218
Merrill, L.L. (2001) Trauma symptomatology among female US Navy recruits, Military Medicine,
166(7), pp. 621-624
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Merrill, L.L., Newell, C.E., Milner, J.S., Koss, M.P., Hervig, L.K., Gold, S.R., Rosswork, S.G., Thornton,
S.R. (1998) Prevalence of premilitary adult sexual victimization and aggression in a navy recruit
sample, Military Medicine, 163(4), pp. 209-212
Miller, L.L. (1995) Creating Gender Detente in the Military, Minerva: Quarterly Report on Women
and the Military, 13, pp. 15-18
Munson, L.J., Miner, A.G. & Hulin, C. (2001) Labeling sexual harassment in the military: An
extension and replication, Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(2), pp. 293-303
Murdoch, M., Pryor, J.B., Polusny, M.A., Gackstetter, G.D. & Ripley, D.C. (2009) Local Social Norms
and Military Sexual Stressors: Do Senior Ocers’ Norms Matter?, Military Medicine, 174(10), pp.
1100-1104
(Gender and leadership)
Murdoch, M., Pryor, J.B., Polusny, M.A. & Gackstetter, G.D. (2007) Functioning and Psychiatric
Symptoms among Military Men and Women Exposed to Sexual Stressors, Military Medicine,
173(7), pp. 718-725
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Murdoch, M., Polusny, M.A., Hodges, J. & Cowper, D. (2006) The Association between In-Service
Sexual Harassment and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among Department of Veterans Aairs
Disability Applicants, Military Medicine, 171(2), pp. 166-173
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Murray, G. (1999) War in the Ranks: Newspaper Coverage of Sexual Harassment in the Military,
Contributions to the Study of Mass Media and Communications, 57, pp. 37-50
Murry, W.D., Sivasubramaniam, N. & Jacques, P.H. (2001) Supervisory support, social exchange
relationships, and sexual harassment consequences: A test of competing models, The Leadership
Quarterly, 12(1), pp. 1-29
Near, J.P., Rehg, M.T., Van Scotter, J.R. & Miceli, M.P. (2004) Does type of wrongdoing aect the
whistle-blowing process?, Business Ethics Quarterly, 14(2), pp. 219-242
Newell, C.E., Rosenfeld, P., Harris, R.N. & Hindelang, R.L. (2004) Reasons for nonresponse on US
Navy surveys: A closer look, Military Psychology, 16(4), pp. 265-276
Newell, C.E., Rosenfeld, P. & Culbertson, A.L. (1995) Sexual harassment experiences and equal
opportunity perceptions of Navy women, Sex Roles, 32(3-4), 156-168
Niebuhr, R.E. & Boyles, W.R. (1991) Sexual harassment of military personnel – an examination of
power dierentials, International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 15(4), pp. 445-457
154 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
Noone, M.F. (1999) Chimera or jackalope? Department of defense eorts to apply civilian sexual
harassment criteria to the military, Duke Journal of Gender Law & Policy, 6, pp. 151-172
Nusbaum, M.R.H. & Gamble, G. (2001) The prevalence and importance of sexual concerns among
female military beneciaries, Military Medicine, 166(3), pp. 208-300
Nye, C.D., Brummel, B.J. & Drasgow, F. (2009) Dierentiating Gender Discrimination and Sexist
Behavior: An Examination of Antecedents and Outcomes, Military Psychology, 21(3), pp. 299-314
(Gender equality)
O’Neill, W.L. (1998) Sex scandals in the gender-integrated military, Gender Issues, 16(1-2), pp. 64-85
(Gender integration)
Orbell, B. (1995) The DoD Tailhook Report: Unanswered Questions, Journal of Technical Writing
and Communication, 25(2), pp. 201-213
Overholser, G. (2000) Case study: manhandled complaint of sexual harassment in the Army,
Columbia Journalism Review, 39(2), p. 59-60
Owens, M.T. (2006) Rumsfeld, the Generals, and the State of US Civil-Military Relations, Naval War
College Review, 59(4), pp. 68-80
Pershing, J.L. (2003) Why Women Don’t Report Sexual Harassment: A Case Study of an Elite
Military Institution, Gender Issues, 21(4), pp. 3-30
Pickands, C.A.N. (2004) Reveille for Congress: A Challenge to Revise Rape Law in the Military,
William and Mary law review, 45(5), pp. 2425-2460
Placke, E.D. (1992) Criminal liability under the UCMJ for sexual harassment, The Reporter, 19(3),
pp. 1-5
Pryor, J.B. (1995) The psychosocial impact of sexual harassment on women in the US military,
Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 17(4), pp. 581-603
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Reidy, E.A. (2005) Gonzalez v. United States Air Force: Should Courts Consider Rape to be Incident
to Military Service?, American University Journal of Gender Social Policy and the Law, 13(3), pp.
635-668
Renzetti, C. (2009) The problem of sexual assault of female cadets by male cadets at the United
States Air Force Academy, Violence Against Women, 15(10), pp. 1147-1148
Richard, D. (2003) Rape in the Ranks, Contemporary Sexuality, 37(7), pp. 1-4
Ritchie, E.C. (1998) Reactions to rape: A military forensic psychiatrist’s perspective, Military
Medicine, 163(8), pp. 505-509
Rosen, L.N. (2007) Rape Rates and Military Personnel in the United States: An Exploratory Study,
Violence Against Women, 13(9), pp. 945-960
Rosen, L.N. (2000) Personality characteristics that increase vulnerability to sexual harassment
among US Army soldiers, Military Medicine, 165(10), pp. 709-713
Rosen, L.N. & Martin, L. (1998) Incidence and perceptions of sexual harassment among male and
female US army soldiers, Military Psychology, 10(4), pp. 239-257
155
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Rosen, L.N. & Martin, L. (1998) Predictors of tolerance of sexual harassment among male US
Army soldiers, Violence Against Women, 4(4), pp. 491-504
Rosen, L.N. & Martin, L. (1998) Sexual Harassment, Cohesion, and Combat Readiness in US Army
Support Units, Armed Forces & Society, 24(2), pp. 221-244
Rosen, L.N. (1998) Psychological eects of sexual harassment, appraisal of harassment, and
organizational climate among US Army soldiers, Military Medicine, 163(2), pp. 63-67
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Sadler, A.G., Booth, B.M., Cook, B.L. & Doebbeling, B.N. (2003) Factors associated with women’s
risk of rape in the military environment, American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 43(3), pp. 262-
273
Sadler, A.G., Booth, B.M., Cook, B.L., Torner, J.C. & Doebbeling, B.N. (2001) The military environment:
Risk factors for women’s non-fatal assaults, Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine,
43(4), pp. 325-334
Sadler, A.G., Booth, B.M., Nielson, D. & Doebbeling, B.N. (2000) Health-related consequences of
physical and sexual violence: Women in the military, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 96(3), pp. 473-
480
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Shipherd, J.C., Pineles, S.L., Gradus, J.L. & Resick, P.A. (2009) Sexual Harassment in the Marines,
Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms, and Perceived Health: Evidence for Sex Dierences, Journal of
Traumatic Stress, 22(1), pp. 3-10
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Sims, C.S., Drasgow, F. & Fitzgerald, L.F. (2005) The eects of sexual harassment on turnover in the
military: Time-dependent modeling, Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(6), pp. 1141-1152
(Gender, career and deployment)
Smikle, C.B., Fiedler, E., Sorem, K.A., Spencer, D.K. & Satin, A.J. (1996) The impact of sexual abuse
on job attrition in military recruits, Military Medicine, 161(3), pp. 146-148
(Gender, career and deployment)
Spak, M.I., & McCart, A.M. (2004) Eect of Military Culture on Responding to Sexual Harassment:
The Warrior Mystique, Nebraska Law Review, 83(1), pp. 79-113
Stander, V.A., Merrill, L.L., Thomsen, C.J., Crouch, J.L. & Milner, J.S. (2008) Premilitary Adult Sexual
Assault Victimization and Perpetration in a Navy Recruit Sample, Journal of Interpersonal Violence,
23(11), pp. 1636-1653
Stander, V.A., Merrill, L.L., Thomsen, C.J., Crouch, J.L. & Milner, J.S. (2007) Premilitary Sexual
Assault and Attrition in the US Navy, Military Medicine, 172(3), pp. 254-258
(Gender, career and deployment)
Stark, S., Chernyshenko, O.S., Lancaster, A.R., Drasgow, F. & Fitzgerald, L.F. (2002) Toward
standardized measurement of sexual harassment: Shortening the SEQ-DoD using item response
theory, Military Psychology, 14(1), pp. 49-72
Stockdale, M.S., Visio, M., & Batra, L. (1999) The sexual harassment of men - Evidence for a broader
theory of sexual harassment and sex discrimination, Psychology Public Policy and Law, 5(3), pp.
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156 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
Street, A.E., Staord, J., Mahan, C.M. & Hendricks, A. (2008) Sexual harassment and assault
experienced by reservists during military service: Prevalence and health correlates, Journal of
Rehabilitation Research and Development, 45(3), pp. 409-419
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Street, A.E., Gradus, J.L., Staord, J. & Kelly, K. (2007) Gender dierences in experiences of sexual
harassment: Data from a male-dominated environment, Journal of Consluting and Clinical
Psychology, 75(3), pp. 464-474
Turchik, J.A. & Wilson, S.M. (2010) Sexual assault in the US military: A review of the literature and
recommendations for the future, Aggression and Violent Behavior, 15(4), pp. 267-277
Valente, S. & Wight, C. (2007) Military Sexual Trauma: Violence and Sexual Abuse, Military
Medicine, 172(3), pp. 259-265
van Wijk, C., Finchilescu, G. & Tredoux, C. (2009) Sexual harassment of women in the South
African Navy, South African Journal of Psychology, 39(2), pp. 169-183
Vijayasiri, G. (2008) Reporting Sexual Harassment: The Importance of Organizational Culture and
Trust, Gender Issues, 25(1), pp. 43-61
Violanti, M.T. (1996) Hooked on expectations: An analysis of inuence and relationships in the
Tailhood Reports, Journal of Applied Communication Research, 24(2), pp. 67-70
Williams, J.H., Fitzgerald, L.F. & Drasgow, F. (1999) The eects of organizational practices on sexual
harassment and individual outcomes in the military, Military Psychology, 11(3), pp. 303-328
Wolfe J., Sharkansky, E.J., Read J.P., Dawson, R., Martin, J.A. & Ouimette, P.C. (1998) Sexual
harassment and assault as predictors of PTSD symptomatology among US female Persian Gulf
war military personnel, Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 13(1), pp. 40-57
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Young, S.A. (1995) Rape trauma syndrome in the military courts, Bulletin of the American
Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 23(4), pp. 563-571
n ❘ Gender, Sexual Harassment and Abuse in a Military Context – Books
Dean, D.M. (1997) Warriors Without Weapons: The Victimization of Military Women, Pasadena, MD:
Minerva Center, 144pp
DeYoung, M. (1999) This Woman’s Army: The Dynamics of Sex and Violence in the Military, Central
Point, OR: Hellgate Press, 390pp
(Gender integration)
Drasgow, F. (1999) Sexual Harassment: A Special Issue of military Psychology, CRC Press, 128pp
Fischer, L.A. (1999) Ultimate Power: Enemy Within the Ranks, Honolulu, HI: Unlimited, 272pp
Hanson, C.T. (2010) Accusers on Trial: Spinning Justice in the Army’s Biggest Sex Scandal, Westport,
CT: Praeger, 180pp
Hearn, J.R. & Parkin, P.W. (2002) Gender, Sexuality and Violence in Organizations: The Unspoken
Forces of Organization Violations, London: Sage Publications, 224pp
Herbert, M.S. (2000) Camouage Isn’t Only for Combat: Gender, Sexuality, and Women in the
Military, New York, NY: New York University Press, 216pp
157
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Hunter, M. (2007) Honor Betrayed: Sexual abuse in America’s military, Fort Lee, NJ: Barricade Books,
367pp
McMichael, W. (1997) The Mother of All Hooks: The Story of the U. S. Navy’s Tailhook Scandal, New
Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 377pp
Nelson, T.S. (2002) For Love of Country: Confronting Rape and Sexual Harassment in the US Military,
New York, NY: Haworth Press, 328pp
Zimmerman, J. (1995) Tailspin: Women at War in the Wake of Tailhook New York, NY: Doubleday,
336pp
n ❘ Gender, Sexual Harassment and Abuse in a Military Context – Reports, etc.
Alexander, P. C., Alexander, E. R., & Warner, S. (2005) Best practices in sexual harassment policy and
assessment, Arlington, VA: United States Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social
Sciences, 54pp
Australian Defence Force (1998) Report of the review into policies and practices to deal with sexual
harassment and sexual oences at the Australian Defence Force Academy. Canberra, ACT: Director
of Publishing and Visual Communications, Department of Defence, 299pp
Australian Department of Defence (2004) Management and Reporting of Sexual Oences,
Canberra, ACT: Australian Department of Defence, 43pp
Booth-Kewley, S. (1995) Factors Aecting the Reporting of Sexual Harassment in the Navy, San
Diego, CA: Navy Personnel Research and Development Center, 27pp
Bryson, L., Bacchi, C.L. & Prendergast, H. (1994) Dealing with a changing work environment: the
issue of sexual harassment in the ADF, Canberra, ACT: Directorate of Publishing Defence Centre,
49pp
Cook, P.J., Jones, A.M., Lipari, R.N. & Lancaster, A.R. (2005) Service Academy 2005 Sexual Harassment
and Assault Survey, Arlington, VA: Defense Manpower Data Center, 16pp
Culbertson, A., Rosenfeld, P. & Newell, C.E. (1993) Sexual Harassment in the Active-Duty Navy:
Findings from the 1991 Navy-Wide Survey, San Diego, CA: Navy Personnel Research and
Development Center, 44pp
Culbertson, A., Rosenfeld, P., Kewley, S.B. & Magnusson, P. (1992) Assessment of Sexual Harassment
in the Navy: Results of the 1989 Navy-wide Survey, San Diego, CA: Navy Personnel Research and
Development Center, 52pp
Denov, M. (2007) Girls in Fighting Forces: Moving Beyond Victimhood, Gatineau, QC: Canadian
International Development Agency, 41pp
Dietmann, A., Edwards, J. & Whiteld, M (2009) Sexual Harassment: Servicewomen & Servicemen’s
Views 2009 - Technical Report, London, UK: Ministry of Defence, 106pp
Dietmann, A. & Newby, P. (2007) Harassment – Servicemen’s Views 2007 - Technical Report, London,
UK: Ministry of Defence, 121pp
Farrell, B.S. (2008) Military Personnel. The DOD and Coast Guard Academies Have Taken Steps to
Address Incidents of Sexual Harassment and Assault, but Greater Federal Oversight is Needed,
Washington, DC: Government Accountability Oce, 65pp
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Firestone, J. M. & Harris, R. J. (2008) Exploring missing values on responses to experienced and
labeled event as harassment in 2004 Reserves data, Patrick AFB, FL: The Defense Equal Opportunity
Management Institute, 19pp
Firestone, J. M. & Harris, R. J. (2008) The impact of sexual harassment on likelihood of reenlisting in
the US military, 2002, Patrick AFB, FL: The Defense Equal Opportunity Management Institute, 33pp
Harrell, M.C., Castaneda, L.W., Adelson, M., Gaillot, S., Lynch, C., Pomeroy, A. (2009) A Compendium
of Sexual Assault Research, Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 318pp
Harris, R. (2008) Sexism, sexual harassment and sexual assault: Comparing data from 2002 and
2006, Patrick AFB, FL: The Defense Equal Opportunity Management Institute, 61pp
Lipari, R.N., Lancaster, A.R. & Jones, A.M. (2005) 2004 Sexual Harassment Survey of Reserve
Component Members, Arlington, VA: Defense Manpower Data Center, 145pp
Lipari, R.N. & Lancaster, A.R. (2003) Armed Forces 2002 Sexual Harassment Survey, Alexandria, VA:
Defense Manpower Data Center, 131pp
McWhorter, S.K., Stander, V.A., Merrill, L.L., Thomsen, C.J. & Milner, J.S. (2009) Reports of Rape
Reperpetration by Newly Enlisted Male Navy Personnel, San Diego, CA: Naval Health Research
Center, 18pp
Olson, C.B. & Merrill, L.L. (2000) Self-Reported Perpetration of Sexual Harassment by US Navy Men in
Their First Year of Duty, San Diego, CA: Naval Health Research Center, 18pp
Quinn, K. (1996) Sexual Harassment in the Australian Defence Force, Canberra, ACT: Director
Publishing and Visual Communications Defence Centre, 59pp
Rutherford, S. (2006) Quantitative & qualitative research into sexual harassment in the Armed
Forces, Hampshire, UK: Schneider-Ross, 69pp
Sadler, A., Booth, B.M. & Cook, B. (1997) Sexual victimization and the military environment:
contributing factors, vocational, psychological and medical sequelae, Iowa City, IA: Veterans
Administration Medical Center, 355pp
Sagawa, S. & Du Cambell, N. (1992) Sexual Harassment of Women in the Military, Washington DC:
National Women’s Law Center, 10pp
Stander, V.A, Merrill, L.L., Rabenhorst, M.M., Thomsen, C.J. & Milner, J.S. (2006) Ethnic Dierences in
Sexual Victimization and Revictimization Among Female US Navy Recruits: A Prospective Study, San
Diego, CA: Naval Health Research Center, 30pp
Thomas, M.D. (1995) Gender Dierences in Conceptualizing Sexual Harassment, San Diego, CA:
Navy Personnel Research and Development Center, 36pp
Thomas, P.J. & Le, S.K. (1996) Sexual Harassment in the Marine Corps: Results of a 1994 Survey, San
Diego, CA: Navy Personnel Research and Development Center, 42pp
Thomas, P.J., Newell, C.E. & Eliassen, D.M. (1995) Sexual Harassment of Navy Personnel: Results of a
1993 Survey, San Diego, CA: Navy Personnel Research and Development Center, 48pp
Tyburski, D.A. (1992) Department of the Navy Sexual Harassment Survey – 1991, San Diego, CA:
Navy Personnel Research and Development Center, 82pp
159
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US Air Force (2004) Report Concerning the Assessment of USAF Sexual Assault Prevention and
Response, Washington, DC: Oce of the Assistant Secretary of the Air Force, 96pp
US Committee on Armed Services (1994) Honor Systems and Sexual Harassment at the Service
Academies, Washington, DC: GPO, 256pp
US Committee on Armed Services (1994) Sexual Harassment of Military Women and Improving the
Military Complaint System, Washington, DC: GPO, 276pp
US Department of Defence (2009) Defense Task Force On Sexual Assault In The Military Services,
Washington, DC: Department of Defence, 176pp
US Department of Defense (2007) Department of Defense Annual Report on Sexual Harassment
and Violence at the US Military Service Academies: Academic Program Year 2006-2007, Washington,
DC: Department of Defense, 290pp
US Department of Defense (2005) Report of the Defense Task Force on Sexual Harassment and
Violence at the Military Service Academies, Washington, DC: Department of Defense, 93pp
US Department of Defense (2004) Task Force Report on Care for Victims of Sexual Assault,
Washington, DC: Department of Defense, 114pp
US Department of Defense (1993) The Tailhook Report: The Ocial Inquiry into the Events of
Tailhook ‘91, New York, NY: St Martin’s Press, 250pp
US Department of the Air Force - Oce of the Assistant Secretary of the Air Force (2004) Report
concerning the assessment of USAF sexual assault prevention and response, Washington, DC: Oce
of the Assistant Secretary of the Air Force, 96pp
US Departments of the Army and the Air Force National Guard Bureau (1982) Prevention of
Sexual Harassment: Guidelines for Commanders, Managers, and Supervisors, Washington, DC:
Departments of the Army and the Air Force National Guard Bureau, 12pp
US General Accounting Oce (1994) DOD ser vice academies: more actions needed to eliminate
sexual harassment, Washington, DC: US General Accounting Oce, 64pp
US Secretary of the Air Force (1995) Memorandum for all Air Force Personnel – Subject:
Discrimination and Sexual Harassment, Washington, DC: Department of the Air Force, 37pp
US Secretary of the Army (1997) The Secretary of the Army’s Senior Review Panel Report on Sexual
Harassment, Washington, DC: The Secretary of the Army, 188pp
Whaley, G.L. (1998) Three Levels of Diversity: An Examination of the Complex Relationship Between
Diversity, Group Cohesiveness, Sexual Harassment, Group Performance, and Time, Patrick Air Force
Base, FL: Defense Equal Opportunity Management Institute, 19pp
Whaley, G.L. (1998) Towards an Integrative Model of Sexual Harassment: An Examination of
Power, Attitudes, Gender/Role Match, and Some Interactions, Patrick AFB, FL: The Defense Equal
Opportunity Management Institute, 18pp
160 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
n ❘ Gender, Sexual Harassment and Abuse in a Military Context – Ph.D Theses
(non-military)
Clark, T.J. (2008) Perceptions of sexual harassment training received in the military: an exploratory
investigation of US Army Reserve attitudes [Ph.D Thesis], Minneapolis, MN: Capella University,
137pp
Dean, D.M. (1997) Warriors without weapons: the victimization of military women [Ph.D Thesis],
Cincinnati, OH: Union Institute & University, 144pp
(Gender equality)
Gooch, R.H. (2001) Women and men in the new Navy: life since Tailhook [Ph.D Thesis], Newport, RI:
Salve Regina University, 315pp
Hanson, C.T. (1999) A war of narratives: news coverage of an Army sexual misconduct case and the
image of military women in post-Cold War America [Ph.D Thesis], Chapel Hill, NC: University of
North Carolina, 251pp
Krohne, K.A. (1992) The eect of sexual harassment on female naval ocers: a phenomenological
study [Ed.D Thesis], San Diego, CA: University of San Diego, 255pp
Mason, R.A. (1995) Tailhook 91: a case study of the US Navy’s leadership and training response to
sexual harassment [Ph.D Thesis], Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina, 191pp
Miller, L.L. (1995) Gender detente: soldiers managing conict in the US Army [Ph.D Thesis], Chicago,
IL: Northwestern University
Milonas, M.B. (2004) The cycle of abuse: the relationship between the types and frequencies of
childhood abuse and military sexual trauma [Ph.D Thesis], New Orleans, LA: University of New
Orleans, 116pp
(Gender, child abuse and maltreatment in military communities)
Orbell, B.C.G. (1997) Discourse, power, and social rupture: an analysis of Tailhook 91 [Ph.D Thesis],
Lubbock, TX: Texas Tech University, 312pp
Rock, L.M. (2008) Impact of sexual harassment experiences on job dissatisfaction and intent to leave
the military [Ph.D Thesis], Washington, DC: American University, 233pp
(Gender, career and deployment)
Slaughter-Melvin, A.J. (2002) Media coverage of sexual harassment in the United States Army: a
constant analysis case study [Ph.D Thesis], Washington, DC: Howard University, 137pp
Veazie, I. (1982) Sexual harassment of women in the United States Army: a study of eighty women
[Ph.D Thesis], New Orleans, LA: Southeastern University, 123pp
Wadlington, P.L. (2004) An examination of the moderation eects of mentoring on the relationship
between sexual harassment and its resulting negative outcomes on women within the military [Ph.D
Thesis], Urbana-Champaign, IL: University of Illinois, 86pp
n ❘ Gender, Sexual Harassment and Abuse in a Military Context – Ph.D & Master
Theses (military)
Bennett, D.R. (1997) Sexual harassment policies and programs in the militaries of TTCP countries
[Master Thesis], Monterey, CA: US Naval Postgraduate School, 210pp
161
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Braucher, M.W. (1998) Military member responses to sexually harassing behavior: response types
and ecacies [Master Thesis], Wright-Patterson AFB, OH: US Air Force Institute of Technology,
49pp
Collins, R.M. (2006) Within the walls: an analysis of sexual harassment and sexual coercion at Naval
Consolidated Brig Miramar [Master Thesis], Monterey, CA: US Naval Postgraduate School, 173pp
Gebhard, R.A. (1993) An evaluation of individual empowerment and self-ecacy on sexual
harassment in the work environment [Master Thesis], Wright-Patterson AFB, OH: US Air Force
Institute of Technology, 293pp
Reily, P.J. (1980) Sexual harassment in the Navy [Master Thesis], Monterey, CA: US Naval
Postgraduate School, 116pp
Tamulevich, J.S. (2005) Perceived dierences in self-reported problems with sexual harassment,
racial prejudice, and drug misuse among USNA varsity athletes [Master Thesis], Monterey, CA: US
Naval Postgraduate School, 95pp
n ❘ Gender, Tracking and Prostitution – Journal Articles
Allred, K.J. (2006) Peacekeepers and Prostitutes: How Deployed Forces Fuel the Demand for
Tracked Women and New Hope for Stopping It, Armed Forces & Society, 33(1), pp. 5–23
Butler, A.M. (1981) Military Myopia – Prostitution on the Frontier, Prologue Quarterly of the
National Archives, 13(4), pp. 233-250
Cheng, S. (2008) Muckraking and Stories Untold: Ethnography Meets Journalism on Tracked
Women and the US Military, Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 5(4), pp. 6-18
Gibbons, P.J. (2009) Redeeming Peacekeeping: Using the UN Security Council to Internationalize
the US Military Ban on Prostitution Patronage, Military Law Review, (200), pp. 1-53
(Gender and peace building)
Hein, L. (1999) Savage Irony: The Imaginative Power of the ‘Military Comfort Women’ in the
1990s, Gender & History, 11(2), pp. 336-372
Hiromi, Y. (1995) Military Sexual Slavery and the Women’s Movement, AMPO, 26(1), pp. 49-54
Hughes, D.M., Chon, K.Y., Ellerman, D.P. (2007) Modern-day comfort women - The US military,
transnational crime, and the tracking of women, Violence Against Women, 13(9), pp. 901-922
Kane, S.C. (1993) Prostitution and the military: Planning AIDS intervention in Belize, Social
Science & Medicine, 36(7), pp. 965-979
(Gender and sexual risk behavior)
Leppanen, K. (2007) Movement of women: Tracking in the interwar era, Womens Studies
International Forum, 30(6), pp. 523-533
Maai, M. (2009) Accountability for Private Military and Security Company Employees That
Engage in Sex Tracking and Related Abuses While Under Contract with the United States
Overseas, Wisconsin international law journal, 26(4), pp. 1095-1139
Gender, Trafficking and Prostitution
162 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
Patel, P. & Tripodi, P. (2007) Peacekeepers, HIV and the Role of Masculinity in Military Behaviour,
International Peacekeeping, 14(5), pp. 584-598
(Masculinities)
Pivar, D.J. (1981) The Military, prostitution, and colonial peoples – India and the Philippines,
Journal of Sex Research, 17(3), pp. 256-269
Poulin, R. (2006) Prostitution and military campaigns in Asia, Temps Modernes, 61(641), pp. 200-
213
Talleyrand, I. (2000) Military Prostitution: How the Authorities Worldwide Aid and Abet
International Tracking in Women, Syracuse Journal of International Law and Commerce, 27, pp.
151-176
Tambiah, Y. (2005) Turncoat Bodies: Sexuality and Sex Work under Militarization in Sri Lanka,
Gender & Society, 19(2), pp. 243-261
Watanabe, K. (1999) Tracking in Women’s Bodies, Then and Now: The Issue of Military “Comfort
Women”, Women’s Studies Quar terly, 27(1-2), pp. 19-31
Yea, S. (2006) Foreign Women Tracked to United States Military Areas in South Korea: Tracking
Processes and Victim Proles in a Dierent Context, Asian and Pacic migration journal, 15(4), pp.
495-524
Yea, S. (2005) Labour of love: Filipina entertainer’s narratives of romance and relationships with
GIs in US Military camp towns in Korea, Womens Studies International Forum, 28(6), pp. 456-472
n ❘ Gender, Tracking and Prostitution – Books
Cheng, S. (2010) On the Move for Love: Migrant Entertainers and the US Military in South Korea,
Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 291pp
Moon, K.H.S. (1997) Sex among allies: military prostitution in US-Korea relations, New York, NY:
Columbia University Press, 240pp
Sturdevant, S.P. & Stoltzfus, B. (Eds.) (1993) Let the Good Times Roll: Prostitution and the US Military
in Asia, New York, NY: New Press, 254pp
n ❘ Gender, Tracking and Prostitution – Ph.D Theses (non-military)
Cheng, S.L. (2002) Transnational desires: tracked Filipinas in US military camp towns in South
Korea [Ph.D Thesis], Oxford, UK: University of Oxford, 344pp
Kim, M. (2009) National narratives and everyday subversions: Korean women and military men in US
camptowns [Ph.D Thesis], New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University, 237pp
Pae, K.C. (2009) Western princesses in the borderlands: a Christian feminist ethical analysis of US
military prostitution in South Korea [Ph.D Thesis], New York, NY: Union Theological Seminary, 272pp
Suh, A. (2001) “Movie In My Mind”: American culture and military prostitution in Asia [Ph.D Thesis],
New York, NY: Columbia University, 277pp
163
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n ❘ Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) Issues – Journal Articles
Adair, R.D. & Myers, J.C. (1993) Admission of Gays to the Military: A Singularly Intolerant Act,
Parameters: US Army War College, 23, pp. 10-19
Alexander, S.D. (2001) Gays in the military: European-US Perspectives and the Equation for
Change in US Policy, Georgetown Journal of Gender & the Law, 2(3), pp. 707-733
Austen, R. (1974) But for Fate and Ban: Homosexual Villains and Victims in the Military, College
English, 36(3), pp. 352-359
Bacevich, A. J. (1993) Military Culture and Eectiveness, Society, 31(1), pp. 43-47
(Gender, operational and organizational eectiveness)
Belkin, A. (2008) “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell”: Does the Gay Ban Undermine the Military’s Reputation?,
Armed Forces & Society, 34(2), pp. 276–291
Belkin, A. (2008) Spam lter: Gay rights and the normalization of male-male rape in the US
military, Radical History Review, (100), pp. 180-185
(Gender, sexual harassment and abuse in a military context)
Belkin, A. (2004) Legitimate Debate, or Gay Propaganda? The Author Replies, Parameters: US
Army War College, 34(2), pp. 135-137
Belkin, A. (2003) Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell: Is the Gay Ban Based on Military Necessity?, Parameters: US
Army War College, 33(2), pp. 108-119
(Gender, operational and organizational eectiveness)
Belkin, A. & Embser-Herbert, M.S. (2002) A Modest Proposal: Privacy as a Flawed Rationale for
the Exclusion of Gays and Lesbians from the US Military, International Security, 27(2), pp. 178-197
Belkin, A. & Levitt, M. (2001) Homosexuality and the Israel Defense Forces: Did Lifting the Gay
Ban Undermine Military Performance?, Armed Forces & Society, 27(4), pp. 541-565
(Gender, operational and organizational eectiveness)
Belkin, A. (2001) Breaking Rank: Military Homophobia and the Production of Queer Practices and
Identities, Georgetown Journal of Gender & the Law, 3(1), pp. 83-106
(Gender identity and gender roles)
Belkin, A. (2001) The pentagon’s gay ban is not based on military necessity, Journal of
Homosexuality, 41(1), pp. 103-119
(Gender, operational and organizational eectiveness)
Bonner, K.B. & Segal, D.R. (2005) The “Don’t ask, Don’t Tell” Policy and Military Performance,
Psychological Reports, 97(1), pp. 74-76
(Gender, operational and organizational eectiveness)
Bowling, K.L., Firestone, J.M. & Harris, R.J. (2005) Analyzing Questions That Cannot Be Asked of
Respondents Who Cannot Respond, Armed Forces & Society, 31(3), pp. 411-437
(Gender, sexual harassment and abuse in a military context)
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) Issues
164 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
Britton, D.M. & Williams, C.L. (1995) ‘’Don’t ask, don’t tell, don’t pursue’’: Military policy and the
construction of heterosexual masculinity, Journal of Homosexuality, 30(1), pp. 1-21
(Masculinities)
Brouwer, D.C. (2004) Corps/Corpse: The US Military and Homosexuality, Western Journal of
Communication, 68(4), pp. 411-430
Brown III, B.W. (2009) Don’t ask, do tell: The implications of 2008 circuit court decisions for the
standard of constitutional review applicable to the military homosexual conduct policy, Military
Law Review, 201(1), pp. 184-236
Brown, G.B. (1988) Transsexuals in the military: Flight into hypermasculinity, Archives of Sexual
Behavior, 17(6), pp. 527-537
(Gender identity and gender roles)
Brown, J.G. & Ayres, I. (2004) The Inclusive Command: Voluntary Integration of Sexual Minorities
into the US Military, Michigan Law Review, 103(1), pp. 150-188
Burg, B.R. (2009) The HMS African revisited: the Royal Navy and the homosexual community,
Journal of Homosexuality, 56(2), pp. 173-194
Burk, J. (1993) Power, Morals, and Military Uniqueness, Society, 31(1), pp. 29-36
Card, C. (1994) The military ban and the ROTC: A study in closeting, Journal of Homosexuality,
27(3/4), pp. 117-146
Carolan, B. (1999) An Army of Lovers? Queering the Ministry of Defence Report of the Homosexual
Policy Assessment Team, Tulsa Law Review, 34(3), pp. 555-566
Chiles, J.A. (1972) Homosexuality in the United States Air Force, Comprehensive Psychiatry, 13(6),
pp. 529-532
Croft, H.A. (1976) Human sexuality course in the military, Military Medicine, 141(2), pp. 104-108
Davis, C.L. (1993) Lifting the Gay Ban, Society, 31(1), pp. 24-28
Estes, S. (2010) The Long Gay Line, Southern Cultures, 16(1), pp. 46-64
Estes, S. (2005) Ask and Tell: Gay Veterans, Identity, and Oral History on a Civil Rights Frontier, Oral
History Review, 32(2), pp. 21-47
(Gender and veterans)
Estrada, A.X. & Weiss, D.J. (1999) Attitudes of military personnel toward homosexuals, Journal of
Homosexuality, 37(4), pp. 83-97
Feldman, E.A. (1998) Testing the force: HIV and discrimination in the Australian military, AIDS &
Public Policy Journal, 13(2), pp. 85-90
(Gender and sexual risk behavior)
Field, E. (1993) Gay Days in the Air-Force, Nation, 257(1), pp. 8-10
Flynn, T. (1995) Of Communism, Treason, and Addiction: An Evaluation of Novel Challenges to
the Military’s Anti-Gay Policy, Iowa Law Review, 80(5), pp. 979-1048
Gilreath, S. (2007) Sexually speaking: “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” and the First Amendment after
Lawrence v. Texas, Duke Journal of Gender Law & Policy, 14(2), pp. 953-976
165
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Gonzenbach, W.J., King, C. & Jablonski, P. (1999) Homosexuals and the Military: An Analysis of the
Spiral of Silence, Howard Journal of Communications, 10(4), pp. 281-296
Gustavsson, N.S. (1995) “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” and Child Welfare, Social Work, 40(6), pp. 815-817
Halley, J.E. (1997). The Status/Conduct Distinction in the 1993 Revisions to Military Anti-Gay
Policy, GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian & Gay Studies, 3(2-3), pp. 159-252
Harris, S.E. (1991) Military policies regarding homosexual behavior: an international survey,
Journal of Homosexuality, 21(4), pp. 67-74
Hartman, A. (1993) Out of the Closet: Revolution and Backlash, Social Work, 38(3), pp. 245-360
Herbert, M.S. (1997) Guarding the nation, guarding ourselves: the management of hetero/
homo/sexuality among women in the military, Minerva: Quarterly Report on Women and the
Military, 15, pp. 60-67
Herek, G.M. (1993) Sexual orientation and military service – A social-science perspective,
American Psychologist, 48(5), pp. 538-549
Hierholzer, R.W. (2004) Are We Ready for Sexual Reorientation Therapy in the US Military? A
Response to David W. Lutz Christian, Bioethics: Non-ecumenical Studies in Medical Morality, 10(2-
3), pp. 227-238
Hindle, P. (1996) Sailors and sexual identity: Crossing the line between ‘’straight’’ and “gay’’ in the
US Navy, Journal of Gender Studies, 5(1), pp. 135-136
(Gender identity and gender roles)
Howe, E.G. (1989) Condentiality in the Military, Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 7(3), pp. 317-337
Johnson, W.B. & Buhrke, R.A. (2006) Service Delivery in a “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” World: Ethical Care
of Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Military Personnel, Professional Psychology - Research & Practice,
37(1), pp. 91-98
Jones, F.D. & Koshes, R.J. (1995) Homosexuality and the Military, American Journal of Psychiatry,
152(1), pp. 16-21
Kaplan, D. & Ben-Ari, E. (2000) Brothers and others in arms - Managing gay identity in combat
units of the Israeli army, Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 29(4), pp. 396-432
(Gender identity and gender roles)
Kier, E. (1998) Homosexuals in the US Military: Open Integration and Combat Eectiveness,
International Security, 23(2), pp. 5-39
(Gender, operational and organizational eectiveness)
Knapp, D.E. (2008) Ready or Not? Homosexuality, Unit Cohesion, and Military Readiness,
Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 20(4), pp. 227-247
Lane, A.J. (1994) Black bodies/gay bodies: The Politics of Race in the Gay/Military Battle, Callaloo,
17(4), pp. 1074-1088
(Gender, race and ethnicity)
Leggett, N.A. (1994) Institutions and the Military’s Anti-Gay Policy: Professional, Legal and
Organizational Contributions, Critical Sociology, 20(3), pp. 45-63
166 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
Leonard, A.S. & Watkins, V. (1989) United States Army and the Employment Rights of Lesbians
and Gay Men, Labor Law Journal, 40(7), pp. 438-445
(Gender, career and deployment)
Levy, Y. (2007) The Right to Fight: A Conceptual Framework for the Analysis of Recruitment Policy
toward Gays and Lesbians, Armed Forces & Society, 33(2), pp. 186-202
Lingiardi, V., Falanga, S. & D’Augelli, A.R. (2005) The evaluation of homophobia in an Italian
sample, Archives of Sexual Behavior, 34(1), pp. 81-93
Luddy, J. (1993) Make war, not love, Policy Review, (64), pp. 68-71
Lutz, D.W. (2004) The Catholic Church, the American Military, and Homosexual Reorientation
Therapy, Christian Bioethics: Non-ecumenical Studies in Medical Morality, 10(2-3), pp. 189-226
Matthews, M.D. & Harger, B.S. (1994) Attitudes toward homosexual behavior: Eects of veteran
status, Psychological Reports, 75(3), pp. 1516-1518
(Gender and veterans)
Mazur, D.H. (1997) Re-making Distinctions on the Basis of Sex: Must Gay Women Be Admitted to
the Military Even If Gay Men Are Not?, Ohio State Law Journal, 58(3), pp. 953-1002
McCrary, J. & Gutierrez, L. (1980) The Homosexual Person in the Military and in National Security
Employment, Journal of Homosexuality, 5(1-2), pp. 115-146
McDonnell, P. (1997) “Essentially Masculine”: Marsden Hartley, Gay Identity, and the Wilhelmine
German Military, Art Journal, 56(2), pp. 62-68
(Gender identity and gender roles)
McGhee, D. (1998) Looking and Acting the Part: Gays in the Armed Forces - A Case of Passing
Masculinity, Feminist Legal Studies, 6(2), pp. 205-244
(Gender identity and gender roles)
McNeill (2001) The boy’s club: How “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” creates a double-bind for military
women, Law & Psychology Review, 25, pp. 161-178
McNeish, N.R. (2005) LGBT News on Policing, the Rainbow Flag and the Military, Diversity Factor,
13(2), pp. 38-40
Meecham, P. (2008) Reconguring the Shipping News: Maritime’s Hidden Histories and the
Politics of Gender Display, Sex Education: Sexuality, Society and Learning, 8(3), pp. 371-380
Meyer, L.D. (1992) Creating G.I. Jane: The regulation of sexuality and sexual behavior in the
women’s army corps, Feminist Studies, 18(3), pp. 581-601
(Gender identity and gender roles)
Meyers, M. (1994) Dening Homosexuality: News Coverage of the `Repeal the Ban’ Controversy,
Discourse Society, 5(3), pp. 321-344
Milano, C. (2006) ‘Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell’ Leads to Nurse’s Discharge, The American Journal of
Nursing, 106(7), p. 19
(Gender, career and deployment)
Moradi, B. (2009) Sexual Orientation Disclosure, Concealment, Harassment, and Military
Cohesion: Perceptions of LGBT Military Veterans, Military Psychology, 21(4), pp. 513-533
(Gender, sexual harassment and abuse in a military context)
167
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Moradi, B. (2006) Perceived sexual-orientation-based harassment in military and civilian
contexts, Military Psychology, 18(1), pp. 39-60
(Gender, sexual harassment and abuse in a military context)
Moskos, C. (1993) From Citizen’s Army to Social Laboratory, Wilson Quarterly, 17(1), pp. 83-94
Osen, J. (1998) Online privacy issues: The other Tim McVeigh, Network Security, (4), pp. 15-18
Pachter, A. (2001) Gender and Sexual Orientation in the Military, Georgetown Journal of Gender
& the Law, 3(1), pp. 127-133
Poellet, K.A. (2003) The Homosexual Policy in the Military-Will Lawrence v. Texas Open the Closet
Door?, Whittier Law Review, 25(3), pp. 645-666
Poulin, C., Gouliquer, L. & Moore, J. (2009) Discharged for Homosexuality from the Canadian
Military: Health Implications for Lesbians, Feminism & Psychology, 19(4), pp. 496-516
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Rogers, R. (1990) A proposal for combating sexual discrimination in the military – amendment of
title-VII, California Law Review, 78(1), pp. 165-195
Rubin, G.R. (1996) Section 146 of the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 and the
‘’decriminalisation’’ of homosexual acts in the armed forces, Criminal Law Review, (6), pp. 393-405
Ruby, S. (1997) `Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell’ and the National Guard: Federal policies on homosexuality
in the military, California Law Review, 85(4), pp. 955-992
Scheper, J., Frank, N., Belkin, A. & Gates, G.J. (2008) “The importance of objective analysis” on gays
in the military: a response to Elaine Donnelly’s constructing the co-ed military, Duke Journal of
Gender Law & Policy, 15(2), pp. 419-448
Schneider, J. (1997) `The pleasure of the uniform’: Masculinity, transvestism, and Militarism in
Heinrich Mann’s Der Untertan and Magnus Hirschfeld’s Die Transvestiten, Germanic Review,
72(3), pp. 183-200
(Masculinities)
Schumm, W.R. (2004) A reply to Belkin’s argument that ending the “gay ban” will not inuence
military performance, Psychological Reports, 95(2), pp. 637-640
(Gender, operational and organizational eectiveness)
Segal, D.R., Gade, P.A. & Johnson, E.M. (1993) Homosexuals in Western Armed Forces, Society,
31(1), pp. 37-42
Shefer, T. & Mankayi, N. (2007) The (Hetero)Sexualization of the Military and the Militarization of
(Hetero)Sex: Discourses on Male (Hetero)Sexual Practices among a Group of Young Men in the
South African Military, Sexualities, 10(2), pp. 189-207
(Masculinities)
Shih, D.J. (2006) Don’t Ask for the Tuition Back: the US Military’s Recoupment Standard in Gay
Statement Cases, Georgetown Journal of Gender & the Law, 7(1), pp. 59-80
Sinclair, G.D. (2009) Homosexuality and the Military: A Review of the Literature, Journal of
Homosexuality, 56(6), pp. 701-718
168 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
Smith, D.M. (2008) Active Duty Military Personnel Presenting for Care at a Gay Men’s Health
Clinic, Journal of Homosexuality, 54(3), pp. 277-279
Smith, E.J. (2009) Multiple Sclerosis Presenting With Erotomanic Delusions in the Context of
“Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell”, Military Medicine, 174(3), pp. 297-298
Sobel, S. (2001) Gender and Sexual Orientation in the Military, Georgetown Journal of Gender &
the Law, 3(1), pp. 135-139
Stevenson, L.G. (2004) Military Discrimination on the Basis of Sexual Orientation: “Don’t Ask,
Don’t Tell” and the Solomon Amendment, Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review, 37(4), pp. 1331-1372
Stychin, C.F. (1996) To Take Him ‘At His Word’: Theorizing Law, Sexuality and the Us Military
Exclusion Policy, Social Legal Studies, 5(2), pp. 179-200
Torres-Reyna, Oscar; Shapiro, Robert Y. (2002) The polls-trends: Women and sexual orientation in
the military, Public Opinion Quarterly, 66(4), pp. 618-632
Vincent, L. & Camminga, B. (2009) Putting the ‘T’ into South African Human Rights: Transsexuality
in the Post-Apartheid Order, Sexualities, 12(6), pp. 678-700
Westcott, K. & Sawyer, R. (2007) Silent sacrices: the impact of “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” on lesbian
and gay military families, Duke Journal of Gender Law & Policy, 14(2), pp. 1121-1139
(Gender and family issues)
Williams, C.J. & Weinberg, M.S. (1970) The Military: Its Processing of Accused Homosexuals,
American Behavioral Scientist, 14(2), pp. 203-217
Wyman, M. & Snyder, M. (1997) Attitudes Toward “Gays in the Military”: A Functional Perspective,
Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 27(4), pp. 306-329
Yaross, D., Philpot, M.C. & Grosser, R.P. (2006) Diversity in action; dealing with a transgender issue,
Journal of Health Care Protection Management, 22(2), pp. 54-66
Yoshino, K. (1998) Assimilationist Bias in Equal Protection: The Visibility Presumption and the
Case of “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell”, Yale Law Journal, 108(3), pp. 485-471
n ❘ Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) Issues – Books
Belkin, A. & Bateman, G. (Eds.) (2001) Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell: Debating the Gay Ban in the Military,
Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 200pp
Bourdonnay, K., Johnson, R.C., Schuman, J. & Wilson, B. (1985) Fighting back: lesbian and gay draft,
military, and veterans issues, Chicago, IL: National Lawyers Guild’s Military Law Task Force, 143pp
(Gender and veterans)
Carey, J.J. (Ed.) (1993) The Christian Argument for Gays and Lesbians in the Military: Essays by
Mainline Church Leaders, Lewiston, NY: Mellen University Press, 44pp
Dyer, K. (1990) Gays In Uniform, Boston, MA: Alyson Books, 135pp
Embser-Herbert , M.S. (Ed.) (2007) The US Military’s Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell Policy: A Reference
Handbook, Westport, CT: Praeger, 176pp
Frank, N. (2009) Unfriendly Fire: How the Gay Ban Undermines the Military and Weakens America,
New York, NY: Thomas Dunne Books, 342pp
169
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Gershick, Z.Z. (2005) Secret Service: Untold Stories of Lesbians in the Military, Los Angeles, CA:
Alyson Books, 306pp
Halley, J.E. (1999) Don’t: a reader’s guide to the military’s anti-gay policy, Durham, NC: Duke
University Press, 159pp
Herek, G.M., Jobe, J.B. & Carney, R.M. (1996) Out in Force: Sexual Orientation and the Military,
Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 352pp
Kaplan, D. (2002) Brothers and Others in Arms: The Making of Love and War in Israeli Combat Units,
New York, NY: Harrington Park Press, 306pp
Lehring, G.L. (2003) Ocially Gay: The Political Construction of Sexuality by the US Militar y,
Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 248pp
Mitchell, C. (2000) Marching to an Angry Drum: Gays in the Military, Lincoln, NE: Writers Club Press,
282pp
Ray, R.D. (1993) Gays: In or Out?: The US Military & Homosexuals – A Sourcebook, Washington, DC:
Brassey’s, 79pp
Rimmerman, C.A. (1996) Gay Rights, Military Wrongs: Political Perspectives on Lesbians and Gays in
the Military, New York, NY: Garland Publications, 344pp
Seba, J. (2011) Gay issues and politics: marriage, the military, & work place discrimination,
Philadelphia, PA: Mason Crest Publishers
Shawver, L. (1995) And the Flag Was Still There: Straight People, Gay People, and Sexuality in the US
Military, New York, NY: Haworth Press, 262pp
Shilts, R. (1993) Conduct Unbecoming: Lesbians and Gays in the US Military, Vietnam to the Persian
Gulf, New York, NY: St Martin’s Press, 784pp
Simopoulos, D., Dececco, J. & Murphy, L. (1988) Perverts by Ocial Order: The Campaign against
Homosexuality by the United States Navy, New York, NY: Haworth Press, 330pp
Stanley, S. & Scott, W. (1994) Gays and Lesbians in the Military: Issues, Concerns, and Contrasts, New
York, NY: Aldine Transaction, 278pp
Stean, J. (1993) Gays and the military: Joseph Stean versus the United States, Princeton, NJ:
Princeton University Press, 222pp
Tatchell, T. (1995) We Don’t Want to March Straight: Masculinity, Queers and the Military, London,
UK: Cassell, 53pp
Wells-Petry, M. (1993) Exclusion: Homosexuals and the Right to Serve, Washington, DC: Regnery
Gateway, 237pp
Wolinsky, M. & Sherrill, K. (1993) Gays and the Military, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press,
248pp
Zeeland, S. (1999) Military Trade, London, UK: Routledge, 314pp
Zeeland, S. (1996) The Masculine Marine: Homoeroticism in the US Marine Corps, London, UK:
Routledge, 234pp
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Zeeland, S. (1995) Sailors and sexual identity: crossing the line between “straight” and “gay” in the
US Navy, New York, NY: Haworth Press, 296pp
Zeeland, S. (1993) Barrack Buddies and Soldier Lovers: Dialogues With Gay Young Men in the US
Military, New York, NY: Harrington Park Press, 293pp
n ❘ Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) Issues – Reports, etc.
Batemann, G. & Dalvi, S. (2004) Multinational Military Units and Homosexual Personnel, Santa
Barbara, CA: University of California, 31pp
Belkin, A. (2009) Self Inicted Wounds: How and Why Gays Give the White House a Free Pass on
“Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell”, Santa Barbara, CA: Palm Center, 15pp
Belkin, A., Frank, N., Herek, G.M., Hillman, E.L., Mazur, D.H. & Wilson, B.J. (2009) How to End
“Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell”: A Roadmap of Political, Legal, Regulatory, and Organizational Steps to Equal
Treatment, Santa Barbara, CA: Palm Center, 30pp
Belkin, A. & Evans, R. (2000) The Eects of Including Gay and Lesbian Soldiers in the British Armed
Forces: Appraising the Evidence, Santa Barbara, CA: University of California, 70pp
Belkin, A. & McNichol, J. (2000) Eects of the 1992 Lifting of Restrictions on Gay and Lesbian Service
in the Canadian Forces: Appraising the Evidence, Santa Barbara, CA: University of California, 42pp
Belkin, A. & McNichol, J. (2000) The Eects of Including Gay and Lesbian Soldiers in the Australian
Armed Forces: Appraising the Evidence, Santa Barbara, CA: University of California, 40pp
Blue Ribbon Commission (2006) Financial Analysis of “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell”: How much does the
gay ban cost?, Santa Barbara, CA: Palm Center, 29pp
BPI Information Services (1993) Homosexuals in the Military: Policies and Practices of Foreign
Countries, Lancaster, PA: BPI Information Services, 52pp
Brookings Institution (2010) Lessons Learned from the Service of Gays and Lesbians in Allied
Militaries – Full Uncorrect Transcript, Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 104pp
Bryant, K. & Schilt, K. (2008) Transgender People in the US Military: Summary and Analysis of the
2008 Transgender American Veterans Association Survey, Santa Barbara, CA: Palm Center, 25pp
Burrelli, D.F. (2010) “Don’t ask, don’t tell”: the law and military policy on same-sex behavior,
Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, 20pp
Burrelli, D.F. & Feder, J. (2009) Homosexuals and the US Military: Current Issues, Washington, DC:
Congressional Research Service, 37pp
Burrelli, D.F. & Feder, J. (2008) Homosexuals and the US Military: Current Issues, Washington, DC:
Congressional Research Service, 42pp
Burrelli, D.F. & Dale, C. (2005) Homosexuals and the US Military: Current Issues, Washington, DC:
Congressional Research Service, 39pp
Canaday, M. (2002) The Eects of Sodomy Laws on Litng the Ban on Homosexual Personnel: Three
Case Studies, Santa Barbara, CA: Palm Center, 20pp
Evans, R. (2001) US Military Policies Conserning Homosexuals Development Implementation and
Outcomes, Santa Barbara, CA: University of California, 84pp
171
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Feder, J. (2009) “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell”: A Legal Analysis, Washington, DC: Congressional Research
Service, 14pp
Frank, N. (2010) What Does the Empirical Research Say about the Impact of Openly Gay Service on
the Military? A Research Memo, Santa Barbara, CA: Palm Center, 6pp
Frank, N., Basham, V., Bateman, G., Belkin, A., Canaday, M., Okros, A. & Scott, D. (2010) Gays in
Foreign Militaries 2010: A Global Primer, Santa Barbara, CA: Palm Center, 152pp
Frank, N. (2009) Military Times Poll is Flawed: Finding That Troops Won’t Serve with Gays is
Methodologically Suspect, Santa Barbara, CA: Palm Center, 4pp
Frank, N. (2007) Research Note on Pentagon Practice of Sending Known Gays and Lesbians to War,
Santa Barbara, CA: Palm Center, 8pp
Frank, N. (2005) Research Note Assessing “Homosexuals and US Military Policy: Current Issues,” a
Congressional Research Service Report for Congress, Santa Barbara, CA: Palm Center, 6pp
Frank, N. (2004) Gays and Lesbians at War: Military Service in Iraq and Afghanistan under “Don’t Ask,
Don’t Tell”, Santa Barbara, CA: Palm Center, 48pp
Gates, G.J. (2004) Gay Men and Lesbians in the US Military: Estimates from Census 2000, Washington,
DC: Urban Institute, 29pp
Human Rights Watch (2003) United States: Uniform discrimination: the “don’t ask, don’t tell” policy
of the US military, New York, NY: Human Rights Watch, 54pp
Martin, J.R. (2010) A death Knell for “Don’t ask, Don’t Tell”, Carlisle Barracks, PA: Strategic Studies
Institute, 3pp
Mazur, D.H. (2009) Secretary of Defense Authority to Implement “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” in a Manner
Consistent with National Security, Santa Barbara, CA: Palm Center, 6pp
Palm Center (2010) Recommendations to Pentagon Working Group on Gays in the Military, Santa
Barbara, CA: Palm Center, 8pp
Rodgers, S. (2006) Opinions of Military Personnel on Sexual Minorities in the Military, Santa Barbara,
CA: Palm Center, 27pp
Rostker, B.D. (1992) Sexual Orientation and US Military Personnel Policy, Santa Monica, CA: RAND
Corporation, 518pp
Scheper, J., Frank, N., Belkin, A. & Gates, G.J. (2008) “The Importance of Objective Analysis” on gays
in the military A Response to Elain Donnelly’s Constructing the Co-Ed Military, Santa Barbara, CA:
Palm Center, 31pp
Singer, P.W. (2008) How The Real World Ended “Don’t Ask Don’t Tell”, Washington, DC: Brookings
Institution, 13pp
US General Accounting Oce (1993) Homosexuals in the military: policies and practices of foreign
countries: report to the Honorable John W. Warner, US Senate, Washington, DC: US General
Accounting Oce, 51pp
US General Accounting Oce (1992) Defense force management: DOD’s policy on homosexuality:
report to Congressional requesters, Washington, DC: US General Accounting Oce, 79pp
172 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
US Oce of the Under Secretary of Defense (1998) Review of the Eectiveness of the Application
and Enforcement of the Department’s Policy on Homosexual Conduct in the Military, Washington,
DC: Department of Defense, 13pp
Wong, L. & Lovelace Jr., D.C. (2010) Untangling a new Gordian Knot: Don’t ask, Don’t Tell, and
Alexander’s Sword, Carlisle Barracks, PA: Strategic Studies Institute, 3pp
n ❘ Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) Issues – Ph.D Theses (non-military)
Bower, J. (2000) (Im)possible women: gender, sexuality and the British Army [Ph.D Thesis], London,
UK: University of London
Fielding, I.R. (1992) Assessing value argument: the United States military’s policy of discrimination
on the basis of sexual orientation [Ph.D Thesis], Urbana-Champaign, IL: University of Illinois, 199pp
Heggie, J.K.F. (2003) Uniform identity?: lesbians and the negotiations of gender & sexuality in the
British Army since 1950 [Ph.D Thesis], York, UK: University of York
(Gender identity and gender roles)
Sienrukos, J.C. (2002) An assessment of the attitudes toward homosexuals serving openly in the United
States military at Camp Zama, Japan [Ph.D Thesis], Minneaplos, MN: Capella University, 149pp
Sinclair, G.D. (2008) Homosexuality and the US military: A study of homosexual identity and choice
of military service [Ph.D Thesis], Arlington, TX: University of Texas, 151pp
(Gender identity and gender roles)
n ❘ Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) Issues – Ph.D & Master Theses (military)
Barnes, J.L. (2004) Don’t ask, don’t tell: a costly and wasteful policy [Master Thesis], Monterey, CA:
US Naval Postgraduate School, 77pp
Bicknell, J.W. (2000) Study of Naval Ocers’ attitudes toward homosexuals in the Military [Master
Thesis], Monterey, CA: US Naval Postgraduate School, 202pp
Garcia, A.E. (2009) Naval ocer attitudes toward the “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” policy [Master Thesis],
Monterey, CA: US Naval Postgraduate School, 91pp
Luiken, Trisha A. D. (2009) “Don’t ask, don’t tell:” law or DOD policy? Deciphering the dierences
[Master Thesis], Fort Leavenworth, KS: US Army Command and General Sta College, 87pp
Peterson, M.A. (1997) Homosexuality, morality, and military policy [Master Thesis], Monterey, CA:
US Naval Postgraduate School, 136pp
Plummer, C.I. (2008) Homosexual Conduct in the Military: Removing Emotion from the Debate
[Master Thesis], Maxwell AFB, AL: US Air University, 95pp
Rea, T.M. (1997) Unit cohesion and the military’s “Don’t ask, Don’t Tell” policy [Master Thesis],
Monterey, CA: US Naval Postgraduate School, 122pp
173
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n ❘ Masculinities – Journal Articles
Ahlback, A., Grønnerød, J.S., Valenius, J., Tallberg, T. & Kivimäki, V. (2008) Men, Militaries and
Civilian Societies in Interaction, NORMA, 3(2), pp. 86-94
Anonymous (2009) Reconstructing Masculinities: The Disarmament, Demobilization, and
Reintegration of Former Combatants in Colombia, Human Rights Quarterly, 31(1), pp. 1-34
Arkin, W. & Dobrofsky, L.R. (1978) Military Socialization and Masculinity, Journal of Social Issues,
34(1), pp. 151-168
Bannister, R. (1996) Soldier-musicians in an Australian army band: Understanding the lived
experience of gender, Yearbook for Traditional Music, 28, pp. 131-146
Barrett, F.J. (1996) The Organizational Construction of Hegemonic Masculinity: The Case of the
US Navy, Gender, Work and Organization, 3(3), pp. 129-142
Callahan, J.L. &Tomaszewski, L. (2007) Navigating the Good Ol’ Boys Club: Women, Marginality,
and Communities of Practice in a Military Non-Prot Organization, Studies in Continuing
Education, 29(3), pp. 259-276
Cohn, C. & Enloe, C.H. (2003) A Conversation with Cynthia Enloe: Feminists Look at Masculinity
and the Men who Wage War, Signs, 28(4), pp. 1187-1207
(Gender identity and gender roles)
Diamond, D., Kimmel, M.S. & Schroeder, K. (2000) “What’s This About a Few Good Men?”
Negotiating Gender in Military Education, Research on Men and Masculinities, (11), pp. 231-252
Digby, T. (2003) Male Trouble: Are Men Victims of Sexism?, Social Theory & Practice, 29(2), pp.
247-273
Duncanson, C. (2009) Forces for Good? Narratives of Military Masculinity in Peacekeeping
Operations, International Feminist Journal of Politics, 11(1), pp. 63-80
(Gender and peace building)
Elias, J. (2008) Introduction - Hegemonic masculinities in international politics, Men and
Masculinities,10(4), pp. 383-388
Gill, L. (1997) Creating citizens, making men: The military and masculinity in Bolivia, Cultural
Anthropology, 12(4), pp. 527-550
(Gender identity and gender roles)
Godfrey, R. (2009) Military, masculinity and mediated representations: (con)fusing the real and
the reel, Culture & Organization, 15(2), pp. 203-220
Hersh, C.L. (2002) Crossing the line: sex, power, justice, and the the US Navy at the equator, Duke
Journal of Gender Law & Policy, 7, pp. 277-324
Higate, P.R. (2001) Theorizing Continuity: From Military to Civilian Life, Armed Forces & Society,
27(3), pp. 443-460
Ingersoll, E.G. (1995) The Construction of Masculinity in Brian De Palma’s Film Casualties of War,
Masculinities
174 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
Journal of Men’s Studies, 4(1), pp. 25-41
(Gender stereotypes)
Jamieson, R. (1996) The man of Hobbes: Masculinity and wartime necessity, Journal of Historical
Sociology, 9(1), pp. 19-42
Klein, U. (2002) The Gender Perspective of Civil-Military Relations in Israeli Society, Current
Sociology, 50(5), pp. 669-686
Klein, U. (1999) “Our Best Boys”: The Gendered Nature of Civil-Military Relations in Israel, Men and
Masculinities, 2(1), pp. 47-65
(Gender identity and gender roles)
Kronsell, E. & Svedberg, A. (2001) The Duty to Protect: Gender in the Swedish Practice of
Conscription, Cooperation and Conict, 36, pp. 153-176
Kwon, I. (2001) A Feminist Exploration of Military Conscription: The Gendering of the Connections
Between Nationalism, Militarism and Citizenship in South Korea, International Feminist Journal of
Politics, 3(1), pp. 26-54
Lomsky-Feder, E. & Rapoport, T. (2003) Juggling Models of Masculinity: Russian-Jewish
Immigrants in the Israeli Army, Sociological Inquiry, 73(1), pp. 114-137
(Gender identity and gender roles)
Mankayi, N. (2008) Morality and sexual rights: constructions of masculinity, femininity and
sexuality among a group of South African soldiers, Culture Health & Sexuality, 10(6), pp. 625-634
(Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) issues)
Miller, L.L. (1997) Not just weapons of the weak: Gender harassment as a form of protest for
Army men, Social Psychology Quarterly, 60(1), pp. 32-51
Moelker, R. & Kümmel, G. (2007) Chivalry and Codes of Conduct: Can the Virtue of Chivalry
Epitomize Guidelines for Interpersonal Conduct?, Journal of Military Ethics, 6(4), pp. 292-302
Prividera, L.C. & Howard, III, J.W. (2006) Masculinity, Whiteness, and the Warrior Hero: Perpetuating
the Strategic Rhetoric of US Nationalism and the Marginalization of Women, Women & Language,
29(2), pp. 29-37
(Gender equality)
Rosen, L.N., Knudson, K.H. & Fancher, P. (2003) Cohesion and the Culture of Hypermasculinity in
US Army Units, Armed Forces & Society, 29(3), pp. 325-351
(Gender identity and gender roles)
Sadler, T. (1999) Rhetoric and the Death of a Top Gun: Technology, Gender, and the Military,
Business Communication Quarterly, 62(2), pp. 108-111
Sasson-Levy, O. (2003) Military, masculinity, and citizenship: Tensions and contradictions in the
experience of blue-collar soldiers, Identities-Global Studies in Culture and Power, 10(3), pp. 319-345
(Gender identity and gender roles)
Sharoni, S. (2008) De-Militarizing Masculinities in the Age of Empire, Österreichische Zeitschrift
Für Politikwissenschaft, 37(2) pp. 147-165
Sunindyo, S. (1998) When the earth is a female and the earth is a mother: Gender, the armed
forces and nationalism in Indonesia, Feminist Review, 58(1), pp. 1-21
175
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Varoglu, K.A. & Bicaksiz, A. (2005) Volunteering for Risk: The Culture of the Turkish Armed Forces,
Armed Forces & Society, 31(4), pp. 583-598
(Gender identity and gender roles)
Williams, C.L. (1994) Militarized Masculinity, Qualitative Sociology, 17(4), pp. 415-422
(Gender identity and gender roles)
n ❘ Masculinities – Books
Altinay, A.G. (2004) The Myth of the Military-Nation: Militarism, Gender, and Education in Turkey,
New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 224pp
Braudy, L. (2003) From chivalry to terrorism: war and the changing nature of masculinity, New York,
NY: A.A. Knopf, 613pp
(Gender identity and gender roles)
Cheng, C. (Ed.) (1996) Masculinities in Organizations, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications,
232pp
Cook, M. & Woollacott, A. (Eds.) (1993) Gendering War Talk, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University
Press, 356pp
Frühstück, S. (2007) Uneasy Warriors: Gender, Memory, and Popular Culture in the Japanese Army,
Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 270pp
Kilshaw, S. (2009) Impotent Warriors. Gulf War Syndrome, Vulnerability and Masculinity, New York,
NY: Berghahn Books, 266pp
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Macauley, A. (2009) Marching in step: masculinity, citizenship, and the Citadel in post-World War II
America, Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 285pp
Patton, P. & Poole, R. (Eds.) (1985) War/Masculinity, Sydney, NSW: Intervention Publications,
112pp
Skiba, K.M. (2005) Sister in the Band of Brothers. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 257pp
n ❘ Masculinities – Ph.D Theses (non-military)
Brown, M. (2007) Enlisting masculinity: gender and the recruitment of the all-volunteer force [Ph.D
Thesis], New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University, 307pp
Suarez, T.C. (2008) The language of militarism: engendering Filipino masculinity in the US Empire
[Ph.D Thesis], San Diego, CA: University of California, 119pp
n ❘ Masculinities – Ph.D & Master Theses (military)
Cecil, A.G. (1996) Comparing Male Cadet Attitudes for Masculinity Ideology within Civilian and
Military College Environments [Ph.D Thesis], Wright-Patterson AFB, OH: Air Force Institute of
Technology, 112pp
(Gender identity and gender roles)
Ernst, R.W. (1993) Gender bias in the Navy [Master Thesis], Monterey, CA: US Naval Postgraduate
School, 128pp
(Gender, sexual harassment and abuse in a military context)
176 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
n ❘ Pregnancy and Child Care – Journal Articles
Adams, M.M., Read, J.A., Rawlings, J.S., Harlass, F.B., Sarno, A.P. & Rhodes, P.H. (1993) Preterm
Delivery among Black-and-white Enlisted Women in the United States Army, Obstetrics and
Gynecology,81(1), pp. 65-71
Bell, M.R. & Ritchie, E.C. (2003) Breastfeeding in the military: Part I. Information and resources
provided to service women, Military Medicine, 168(10), pp. 807-812
Biggs, R.L., Douglas, B.H. O’Boyle, A.L. & Rieg, T.S. (2009) The Impact of Pregnancy on the Individual
and Military Organization: A Postpartum Active Duty Survey, Military Medicine, 174(1), pp. 61-75
Chandler, P.J. (2000) Provider gender preference in obstetrics and gynecology: A military
population, Military Medicine, 165(12), pp. 938-940
Christopher, L.A. & Miller, L. (2007) Women in War: Operational Issues of Menstruation and
Unintended Pregnancy, Military Medicine, 172(1), pp. 9-16
(Women’s health issues)
Chung-Park, M. (2007) Contraceptive Decision-Making in Military Women, Nursing Science
Quarterly, 20(3), pp. 281-287
Cowan, D.N., DeFraites, R.F., Gray, G.C., Goldenbaum, M.B. & Wishink, S.M. (1997) The risk of
birth defects among children of Persian gulf war veterans, The New England Journal of Medicine,
336(23), pp. 1650-1656
(Gender and veterans)
Crawford, A.E. (2004) Under Siege: Freedom of Choice and the Statutory Ban on Abortions on
Military Bases, University of Chicago Law Review, 71(4), pp. 1549-1582
Custer, M., Waller, K., Vernon, S. & O’Rourke, K. (2008) Unintended pregnancy rates among a US
military population, Paediatric & Perinatal Epidemiology, 22(2), pp. 195-200
Duke, M.R. & Ames, G.M. (2008) Challenges of contraceptive use and pregnancy prevention
among women in the US Navy, Qualitative Health Research, 18(2), pp. 244-253
Enewold, L., Brinton, L.A., McGlynn, K.A., Zahm, S.H., Potter, J.F. & Zhu, K. (2010) Oral Contraceptive
Use among Women in the Military and the General US Population, Journal of Women’s Health,
19(5), pp. 839-845
Evans, M.A. & Rosen, L. (1997) Pregnancy Planning and the Impact on Work Climate, Psychological
Well-Being, and Work Eort in the Military, Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 2(4), pp.
353-361
Evans, M.A. & Rosen, L. (2000) Demographic and psychosocial risk factors for preterm delivery in
an active duty pregnant population, Military Medicine, 165(1), pp. 49-53
Fjord, L. & Ames, G. (2009) Reproductive Health in Eight Navies: A Comparative Report on
Education, Prevention Services, and Policies on Pregnancy, Maternity/Paternity Leaves, and
Childcare, Military Medicine, 174(3), pp. 278-289
Garland, F.C., Garland, C.F. & Gorham, E.D. (2000) A model of the expected occurrence of adverse
pregnancy outcomes aboard US Navy ships, Military Medicine, 156(9), pp. 691-697
Pregnancy and Child Care
177
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Hughes, T.C. (2003) Reducing unintended pregnancy in young, single active duty women in an
overseas environment, Military Medicine, 168(1), pp. 11-14
Irwin, D.E., Savitz, D.A., Standre, K.A. & Hertzpicciotto, I. (1994) Study of Occupational Risk-Factors
for Pregnancy-Induced Hypertention among Active-Duty Enlisted Navy Personnel, American
Journal of Industrial Medicne, 25(3), pp. 349-359
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Kennedy, H.P., Farrell, T., Paden, R., Hill, S., Jolivet, R., Willetts, J. & Rising, S.S. (2009) “I Wasn’t
Alone”: A Study of Group Prenatal Care in the Military, Journal of Midwifery and Women’s Health,
54(3), pp. 176-183
Kruger, P.S. (1979) Risk-Factors and Pregnancy Outcome among Air-Force Women, Military
Medicine, 144(12), pp. 788-791
Lombardi, W., Wilson, S. & Peniston, J.B. (1999) Wellness intervention with pregnant soldiers,
Military Medicine, 164(1), pp. 22-29
Malovizky, D., Lavi, B. & Modan, B. (1997) A reduction in the number of unwanted pregnancies
among female army draftees through a controlled intervention, Fertility and Sterility, 68(3), pp.
435-438
Morgenstern-Leissner, O. (2006) Hospital Birth, Military Service and the Ties that Bind Them: the
Case of Israel, Nashim: A Journal of Jewish Women’s Studies & Gender Issues, 12(1), pp. 203-241
Moseman, C.P., Robinson, R.D., Bates, G.W. & Propst, A.M. (2006) Identifying women who will
request sterilization reversal in a military population, Contraception, 73(5), pp. 512-515
O’Boyle, A.L., Magann, E.F., Ricks, R.E., Doyle, M. & Morrison, J.C. (2005) Depression screening in
the pregnant soldier wellness program, Southern Medical Journal, 98(4), pp. 416-418
(Gender, mental and physical health)
O’Rourke, K., Richman, A., Roddy, M. & Custer, M. (2008) Does pregnancy/paternity intention
predict contraception use? A study among US soldiers who have completed initial entry training,
Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care, 34(3), pp. 165-168
Powell-Dunford, N., Cuda, A.S., Moore, J.L., Crago, M.S. & Deuster, P.A. (2009) Menstrual
Suppression Using Oral Contraceptives: Survey of Deployed Female Aviation Personnel, Aviation
Space and Environmental Medicine, 80(11), pp. 971-975
(Women spesic health issues)
Powell-Dunford, N.C., Deuster, P.A., Claybaugh, J.R. & Chapin, M.G. (2003) Attitudes and
knowledge about continuous oral contraceptive pill use in military women, Military Medicine,
168(11), pp. 922-928
Rath S.K., Tarneja P., Duggal B.S., Chawla A., Tugnait P. (2002) Military environment and fecundity:
A study of women in uniform, Medical Journal Armed Forces India, 58(1), pp. 44-46
Robbins, A.S., Chao, S.Y., Frost, L.Z. & Fonseca, V.P. (2005) Unplanned Pregnancy among Active
Duty Servicewomen, US Air Force, 2001, Military Medicine, 170(1), pp. 38-43
Stevens, K.V. & Janke, J. (2003) Breastfeeding experiences of active duty military women, Military
Medicine, 168(5), pp. 380-384
Stinson, J.C. & Lee, K.A. (2003) Premature labor and birth: Inuence of rank and perception of
178 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
fatigue in active duty military women, Military Medicine, 168(5), pp. 385-390
Sylvia, B.M., McMullen, P., Levine, E., Cruz, F.B., Gagnon, D.A., Malavakis, T.L., Williams, L.A., Schmelz,
J., Runzel, A., Stevens, V. & Wootten, A. (2001) Prenatal care needs, availability, accessibility, use,
and satisfaction: A comparison of military women within and outside the continental United
States, Military Medicine, 166(5), pp. 443-448
Sylvia, B.M., McMullen, P., Schmelz, J., Runzel, A., Stevens, V. & Jackson, H.L. (2000) Exploration of
facilitators and barriers to prenatal care among military women, Nurse Practioner Forum, 11(3),
pp. 171-177
Tam, L.W. (1998) Psychological aspects of pregnancy in the military: a review, Military Medicine,
163(6), pp. 408-412
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Thomas, P.J. & Garland, F.C. (2001) Contraceptive use and attitudes toward family planning in
navy enlisted women and men, Military Medicine, 166(6), pp. 550-556
(Gender and family issues)
Uriell, Z., Perry, A., Kee, A. & Burress, L. (2009) Breastfeeding in the Navy: Estimates of Rate,
Duration, and Perceived Support, Military Medicine, 174(3), pp. 290-296
Vuic, K.D. (2007) “I’m afraid we’re going to have to just change our ways”: Marriage, Motherhood,
and Pregnancy in the Army Nurse Corps during the Vietnam War, Signs, 32(4), pp. 997-1022
(Gender and family issues)
Weina, S.U. (2006) Eects of Pregnancy on the Army Physical Fitness Test, Military Medicine,
171(6), pp. 534-537
(Gender, mental and physical health)
Wiesen A.R. & Littell C.T. (2002) Relationship between prepregnancy anthrax vaccination and
pregnancy and birth outcomes among US army women, Journal of the American Medical
Association, 287(12), pp. 1556-1560
Wittich, A.C., DeSantis, R.A., Lockrow, E.G. (1999) Appendectomy during pregnancy: A survey of
two army medical activities, Military Medicine, 164(10), pp. 671-674
n ❘ Pregnancy and Child Care – Reports, etc.
Bolin, S.F. (1977) Women soldiers in Korea: command concerns about pregnancy, facilities, and
other issues, Alexandria, VA: US Army Research Institute for Behavioral and Social Studies, 27pp
Butte, N.F. (1998) Pregnancy-induced Changes in Body Fat, Physical Fitness and Energy Requirements
in Military and Civilian Women, Fort Detrick, MD: US Army Medical Research and Materiel
Command, 47pp
Evans, M.A. & Rosen, L. (1997) Women in the Military. Part 2. Pregnancy, Command Climate,
Organizational Behavior, and Outcomes, Fort Sam Houston, TX: US Army Medical Department
Center and School, 191pp
(Gender, career and deployment)
Evans, M.A. & Rosen, L. (1996) Women in the Military. Part 1. Pregnancy, Command Climate,
Organizational Behavior, and Outcomes, Fort Sam Houston, TX: US Army Medical Department
Center and School, 163pp
(Gender, career and deployment)
179
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Gerrard, M. & Royle, M.H. (1985) Predicting Pregnancy and Pregnancy Attrition in First-Term Marine
Corps Women, San Diego, CA: Navy Personnel Research and Development Center
Olson, M.S. & Stumpf, S.S. (1978) Pregnancy in the Navy: Impact on Absenteeism, Attrition, and
Workgroup Morale, San Diego, CA: Navy Personnel Research and Development Center, 61pp
Quester, A.O. & MacIlvaine, M.E. (1996) Pregnancy Rates for Enlisted Navy Women: How Do They
Compare with US Rates?, Alexandria, VA: Center for Naval Analyses, 32pp
Royle, M.H. & Thomas, P.J. (1996) Reducing Unplanned Pregnancies in the Navy, San Diego, CA:
Navy Personnel Research and Development Center, 38pp
n ❘ Pregnancy and Child Care – Ph.D Theses (non-military)
Custer, M.H. (1999) Intendedness of pregnancy among active duty women in the US Army [D.P.H.
Thesis], Houston, TX: University of Texas, 93pp
Stincon, J.C. (1997) Association of fatigue and preterm birth in active duty military women [Ph.D
Thesis], San Francisco, CA: University of California, 315pp
(Gender, mental and physical health)
n ❘ Pregnancy and Child Care – Ph.D & Master Theses (military)
Bristow, K.M. (1999) Barriers and facilitators of breastfeeding for primiparous active duty military
mothers: a qualitative study [Master Thesis], Bethesda, MD: Uniformed Services University of the
Health Sciences, 69pp
Flatter, J.R. (1996) First-term attrition due to pregnancy in the Marine Corps: issues, trends, and
options [Master Thesis], Monterey, CA: US Naval Postgraduate School, 72pp
n ❘ Recruitment of Women – Journal Articles
Anderson, W.B. (2004) “We Can Do It”: a study of the Women’s Field Army public relations eorts,
Public Relations Review, 30(2), pp. 187-196
Bachman, J.G., Segal, D.R., Freedman-Doan, P. & O’Malley, P.M. (2000) Who Chooses Military
Service? Correlates of Propensity and Enlistment in the US Armed Forces, Militar y Psychology,
12(1), pp. 1-30
(Gender, career and deployment)
Crang, J.A. (2008) ‘Come into the Army, Maud’: Women, Military Conscription, and the Markham
Inquiry, Defence Studies, 8(3), pp. 381-395
Enloe, C.H. (1980) Women - The Reserve Army of Army Labor, Review of Radical Political Economics,
12(2), pp. 42-52
(Gender, career and deployment)
Fenner, L.M. (1998) Either you need these women or you do not: Informing the debate on
military service and citizenship, Gender Issues, 16(3), pp. 5-32
Recruitment of Women
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Fiorino, S.J. (1994) Nontraditional Occupational Aspirations and Attainment of Potential Female
Recruits, Feminist Issues, 14(2), pp. 73-90
(Gender stereotypes)
Gray, S.L. (2008) Discontinuing the Canadian Military’s ‘Special Selection’ Process for Sta College
and Moving Toward a Viable and Ethical Integration of Women into the Senior Ocer Corps,
Journal of Military Ethics, 7(4), pp. 284-301
(Gender integration)
Lievens, F., Van Hoye, G. & Schreurs, B. (2005) Examining the relationship between employer
knowledge dimensions and organizational attractiveness: An application in a military context,
Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 78(4), pp. 553-572
Marshall, K.P. & Brown III, U.J. (2004) Target marketing in a social marketing context: Gender
dierences in importance ratings of promoted intrinsic and extrinsic restricted exchange
benets of military enlistment, International Journal of Nonprot and Voluntary Sector Marketing,
9(1), pp. 69-85
Segal, D.R., Bachman, J.G., Freedman-Doan, P. & O’Malley, P.M. (1999) Propensity to Serve in the
US Military: Temporal Trends and Subgroup Dierences, Armed Forces & Society, 25(3), pp. 407-
427
Segal, M.W., Segal, D.R., Bachman, J.G., Freedman-Doan, P. & O’Malley, P.M. (1998) Gender and the
propensity to enlist in the US military, Gender Issues, 16(3), pp. 65-87
Sher-Censor E, Oppenheim D. (2010) Adjustment of female adolescents leaving home for the
military: Links with earlier individuation, Journal of Adolescence
Ustinovich, Y.S. (2003) Women and the Army: Recruitment Problems, Military Thought, 12(3), pp.
109-113
n ❘ Recruitment of Women – Reports, etc.
Borack, J.I. (1980) Forecasting the Supply of Women Available to the Navy, San Diego, CA: Navy
Personnel Research and Development Center, 31pp
Goldenber, I. (2006) Special selection program for female selection to Canadian Forces Command
and Sta Course, Ottawa, ON: Centre for Operational Research and Analysis, 26pp
(Gender, physical and psychological ability)
Hosek, J.R. & Petersson, C.R. (1990) Serving Her Country: An Analysis of Women’s Enlistment, Santa
Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 67pp
Neumann, I. & Abrahams, N.M. (1982) Validation of Naval Academy Selection Procedures for Female
Midshipmen, San Diego, CA: Navy Personnel Research and Development Center, 26pp
(Gender, physical and psychological ability)
Quinn, K.E. (1986) Integration of Female Army Apprentices, Canberra, ACT: Australian Military
Forces Psychological Research Unit, 18pp
Tanner, L. (1997) Female Enrolment to the Regular Force of the Canadian Forces (1989-1996),
Ottawa, ON: Defense Research & Development Canada, 46pp
Thomas, P.J. (1977) Why Women Enlist: The Navy as an Occupational Choice, San Diego, CA: Navy
Personnel Research and Development Center, 30pp
181
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US General Accounting Oce (1998) Gender issues: changes would be needed to expand selective
service registration to women, Washington, DC: US General Accounting Oce, 10pp
n ❘ Recruitment of Women – Ph.D & Master Theses (military)
Beagle, R.J. (1993) The Navy’s Search for a Few Good Women: Analysis of a Direct Mail Campaign
[Master Thesis], Monterey, CA: US Naval Postgraduate School, 105pp
Deutermann, S.W. (1984) A feasibility study of the assignment of women to the DD-963 (Spruance)
class destroyer [Master Thesis], Monterey, CA: US Naval Postgraduate School, 79pp
Dill, K.J. (2009) Removing the rose colored glasses: exploring modern security environment’s eect on
the Army assignment policy for women [Master Thesis], Fort Leavenworth, KS: US Army Command
and General Sta College, 140pp
Joyal, D.M. (1993) Case Studies of the Recruitment, Selection, Retention and Career Development of
Women in the Navy [Master Thesis], Monterey, CA: US Naval Postgraduate School, 129pp
(Gender, career and deployment)
Murray, S.J. (1987) Female enlistment in the United States Army Reserve: membership and
motivations [Master Thesis], Monterey, CA: US Naval Postgraduate School, 140pp
Perry, E.H. (1981) The Female Naval ocer a recruiter’s guide to the American woman [Master
Thesis], Monterey, CA: US Naval Postgraduate School, 89pp
n ❘ UN Resolution 1325 – Journal Articles
Binder, C., Lukas, K. & Schweiger, R. (2008) Empty Words or Real Achievement? The Impact of
Security Council Resolution 1325 on Women in Armed Conicts, Radical History Review, (101),
pp. 22-41
Black, R. (2009) Mainstreaming Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace and Security - Are We There
Yet?, Potentia, (1), pp. 75-90
Black, R. (2009) Mainstreaming Resolution 1325? Evaluating the Impact on Security Council
Resolution 1325 on Country-Specic UN Resolutions, Journal of Military and Strategic Studies,11(4)
Cohn, C., Kinsella, H. & Gibbins, S. (2004) Women, Peace and Security. Resolution 1325,
International Feminist Journal of Politics, 6(1), pp. 130-140
(Gender and peace building)
Fujio, C. (2008) From Soft to Hard Law: Moving Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace and Security
across the Spectrum, Georgetown Journal of Gender & the Law, 9(1), pp. 215-235
Hill, F., Aboitiz, M. & Poehlman-Doumbouya, S. (2003) Nongovernmental organizations’ role in
the buildup and implementation of Security Council resolution 1325, Signs, 28(4), pp. 1255-1269
Kirk, J. & Taylor, S. (2007) UN Security Council Resolution 1325, Forced Migration Review, (27), pp.
13-14
UN Resolution 1325
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Neuwirth, J. (2002) Women and peace and security: the implementation of U.N. security council
resolution 1325, Duke Journal of Gender Law & Policy, 9, pp. 253-260
(Gender and peace building)
Tryggestad T.L. (2009) Trick or treat?: The UN and Implementation of Security Council Resolution
1325 on Women, Peace, and Security, Global Governance: A Review of Multilateralism and
International Organizations, 15(4), pp. 539-557
n ❘ UN Resolution 1325 – Reports, etc.
Achten, D. (Ed.) (2009) Women, Peace and Security - Belgian National Action Plan on the
implementation of UN Security Council Resolution 1325, Brussels, Belgium: 24pp
Adrian-Paul, A. & Naderi, P. (2005) UN SC Resolution 1325 Women, Peace and Security: Issues and
Instruments - The Afghan Context, London, UK: International Alert & ACSF, 52pp
(Gender and peace building)
Amnesty International (2005) Women, Peace and Security - Fourth anniversary of Security Council
Resolution 1325, London, UK: Amnesty International, 25pp
(Gender and peace building)
Ancil, A.P. & Partaw, N. (2005) UN SC Resolution 1325 Women, Peace and Security: Issues and
Instruments in the Afghan Context, London, UK: International Alert, 52pp
(Gender and peace building)
Anderlini, S.N. (2001) Women, Peace and Security: A Policy Audit. From the Beijing Platform for
Action to UN Security Council Resolution 1325 and Beyond, London, UK: International Alert, 44pp
(Gender and peace building)
Banaszak, K., Hill, F., Iiyambo, A. & Muna, M. (2004) Women, Peace and Security: UNIFEM Supporting
Implementation of Security Council Resolution 1325, New York, NY: UNIFEM, 43pp
(Gender and peace building)
Cohn, C., Bhagwan-Rolls, S., Kande, M., Dobruna, V. & Talabani, A. (2004) Workshop on Strategies
for Grassroots Implementation of Resolution 1325, Boston, MA: The Boston Consortium on Gender,
Security and Human Rights, 10pp
Cohn, C., Puechguirbal, N., Gahunga, N. & Raven-Roberts, A. (2004) Working in the Field:
Practitioners Discuss UN Security Council Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace and Security, Boston,
MA: The Boston Consortium on Gender, Security and Human Rights, 15pp
Cohn, C. (2002) Changing the Dominant Discourse: Can UN Security Council Resolution 1325
Succeed?, Boston, MA: The Boston Consortium on Gender, Security and Human Rights
European Peace Building Liaison Oce & International Alert (2009) Civil Society Recommendations
on the Implementation of UN SCR 1325 in Europe, London, UK: European Peace building Liaison
Oce & International Alert, 4pp
Federal Department of Foreign Aairs - Switzerland (2007) National Action Plan for the
implementation of UN Security Council Resolution 1325 (2000) on Women, Peace, and security, Bern,
Switzerland: Federal Department of Foreign Aairs, 10pp
Federal Ministry for European and International Aairs - Austria (2007) Austrian Action Plan on
Implementing UN Security Council Resolution 1325 (2000), Vienna, Austria: Federal Ministry for
European and International Aairs, 30pp
183
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GAPS - Gender Action for Peace and Security (2007) GAPS Report on Involving Men in the
Implementation of Resolution 1325, London, UK: GAPS - Gender Action for Peace and Security, 9pp
Government of Sierra Leone (2009) Sierra Leone National Action Plan 1325, Freetown, Sierra
Leone: The Government of Sierra Leone, 41pp
Government of Spain (2008) The Government of Spain’s Action Plan for the Application of UN
Security Council Resolution 1325 (2000) on Women, Peace and Security, Madrid, Spain: The
Government of Spain, 14pp
Gunda Werner Institute (2010) Roadmap to 1325: Resolution for Gender-sensitive Peace and
Security Policies, Opladen, Germany: Verlag Barbara Budrich, 224pp
(Gender and peace building)
Hill, F., Cohn, C. & Enloe, C. (2004) UN Security Council Resolution 1325 Three Years On: Gender,
Security and Organizational Change, Boston, MA: The Boston Consortium on Gender, Security
and Human Rights, 22pp
Inglis, S., Muna, M., Iiyambo, A., Nadjibulla, V., Waldorf, L. & Goetz, A.M. (2006) CEDAW and Security
Council Resolution 1325: A Quick Guide, New York, NY: UNIFEM, 56pp
Ivarsson, S. & Edmark, L. (2008) UNSCR 1325 and civil military cooperation: opportunities for
cooperation between civilian and military actors in interantional conict management when
implementing UNSCR 1325, Stockholm, Sweden: National Defence College
Maquire, S. (2008) Implementation of Security Council Resolution 1325 in Kosovo – Lessons learned
to inform EULEX Kosovo Summary Report, Brussels, Belgium: UNIFEM, 13pp
Mills, P. (2006) Working to Promote 1325 in Israel: Opportunities and Challenges Facing Activist
Women and Isha L’Isha, Boston, MA: The Boston Consortium on Gender, Security and Human
Rights, 15pp
Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores (2009) National Plan of Action for Implementation of the UN
Security Council Resolution 1325/2000 “Women, Security and Peace”, Santiago, Chile: Ministerio de
Relaciones Exteriores, 27pp
Ministry for Foreign Aairs - Finland (2008) UN Security Council Resolution 1325 (2000) Women,
Peace and Security” Finland’s National Action Plan 2008–2011, Helsinki, Finland: Ministry for
Foreign Aairs of Finland, 37pp
Ministry for Foreign Aairs – Iceland (2008) Women, Peace and Security: Iceland’s Plan of Action for
the Implementation of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 (2000), Reykjavik, Iceland:
Ministry for Foreign Aairs, 14pp
Ministry of Foreign Aairs – Denmark, Ministry of Defense – Denmark & Danish National Police
(2008) Denmark’s National Action Plan for implementation of UN Security Council Resolution 1325
on Women, Peace and Security 2008-2013, Copenhagen, Denmark: Ministry of Foreign Aairs,
Ministry of Defense & Danish National Police, 20pp
Ministry of Foreign Aairs – The Netherlands (2007) Dutch National Action Plan on Resolution
1325 – Taking a Stand for Women, Peace and Security, The Hague, The Netherlands: Ministry of
Foreign Aairs, 80pp
Ministry of Gender and Development – Liberia (2009) The Liberia National Action Plan for the
Implementation of United Nations Resolution 1325, Monrovia, Liberia: Ministry of Gender and
Development, 48pp
184 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
Ministry of the Family, Women and Social Aairs - Cote D’Ivoire (2008) National Action Plan for
the Implementation of Resolution 1325 of the Security Council (2008-2012) – Background Document,
YamoussoUKro, Cote D’Ivoire: Ministry of the Family, Women and Social Aairs, 46pp
NATO (2010) Training and education related to gender or UNSCR 1325 and 1820 at the National
Level, Brussels, Belgium: NATO, 26pp
NATO (2009) Integrating UNSCR 1325 and gender perspectives in the NATO Command Structure
including measures for protection during armed conict, Brussels, Belgium: NATO, 21pp
(Gender integration)
NATO (2008) Recommendations on Implementation of UNSCR 1325, Brussels, Belgium: NATO, 36pp
NGO Working Group on Women, Peace and Security (2006) SCR 1325 Six Years On Report: SCR1325
and the Peace building Commission, New York, NY: NGO Working Group on Women, Peace and
Security, 52pp
NGO Working Group on Women, Peace and Security (2005) SCR 1325 Five Years On Report From
Global to Local: Making Peace Work for Women, New York, NY: NGO Working Group on Women,
Peace and Security, 140pp
NGO Working Group on Women, Peace and Security (2004) Four years on: An alternative report
and progress check on the implementation of Security Council resolution 1325, New York, NY: NGO
Working Group on Women, Peace and Security, 41pp
NGO Working Group on Women, Peace and Security (2002) SCR 1325 Two Years On Report, New
York, NY: NGO Working Group on Women, Peace and Security, 23pp
NGO Working Group on Women, Peace and Security (2001) SCR 1325 One Year On Report, New
York, NY: NGO Working Group on Women, Peace and Security, 18pp
Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Aairs (2006) The Norwegian Government’s Action Plan for the
Implementation of UN Security Council Resolution 1325 (2000) on Women, Peace and Security, Oslo,
Norway: Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Aairs, 13pp
PeaceWomen (2008) The Peacewomen Project 1325 Security Council Monitor: Resolution Watch
– Monitoring the Gender Content of the Security Council’s Resolutions Addressing all Current and
Upcoming Peacekeeping Operations: 2000-2008, New York, NY: PeaceWomen, 103pp
Penavla, F. (2010) Conference Repor t: Women in the Peace Process UNSC Resolution 1325: 10 Years
On, Brussels, Belgium: International Security Information Service – Europe, 5pp
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n ❘ Women and Femininities – Ph.D Theses (non-military)
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n ❘ Women and Femininities – Ph.D & Master Theses (military)
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n ❘ Women in Combat – Books
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n ❘ Women in Combat – Reports, etc.
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n ❘ Women in Combat – Ph.D Theses (non-military)
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195
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Rubino, S. (1995) When gender goes to combat: the role of “representations” in the assignment of
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n ❘ Women in Combat – Ph.D & Master Theses (military)
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for Future American Military Operations [Master Thesis], Maxwell AFB, AL: US Air University, 151pp
Culler, K.W. (2000) The decision to allow military women into combat positions: a study in policy and
politics [Master Thesis], Monterey, CA: US Naval Postgraduate School, 116pp
Winters, K.M. (1990) USAF women in combat policy and implementation in the all-volunteer force
[Master Thesis], Wright-Patterson AFB, OH: US Air Force Institute of Technology, 75pp
n ❘ Women’s Health Issues – Journal Articles
Czerwinski, B.S. (2001) Variations in feminine hygiene practices of military women in deployed
and noncombat environments, Military Medicine, 166(2), pp. 152-158
Davis, G., Sherman, R., Wong, M.F., McClure, G., Perez, R. & Hibbert, M. (1999) Urinary incontinence
among female soldiers, Military Medicine, 164(3), pp. 182-187
Eckart, R.E., Scoville, S.L., Shry, E.A., Potter, R.N. & Tedrow, U. (2006) Causes of Sudden Death in
Young Female Military Recruits, American Journal of Cardiology, 97(12), pp. 1756-1758
Frommelt, A.R., Peterson, M.R. & O’Leary, T.J. (2000) A Comparison of Cervical Pathology between
United States Air Force Women Who Did and Did Not Serve in the Persian Gulf War, Annals of
Epidemiology, 10(1), pp. 285-292
Gottshall, K., Gray, N. & Drake, A.I. (2005) A unique collaboration of female medical providers
within the United States Armed Forces: rehabilitation of a marine with post-concussive
vestibulopathy, AMED Work, 24(4), pp. 381-386
Gunby, P. (1995) Unique medical problems of military become part of intensied research into
women’s health, JAMA: the journal of the American Medical Association, 274(12), pp. 932-933
Hoiberg, A. & White, J.F. (1992) Health Status of Women in the Armed Forces, Armed Forces &
Society, 18(4), pp. 514–533
Hoiberg, A. (1984) Health status of women in the US military, Health Psychology, 3(3), pp. 273-287
Hopkins-Chadwick, D.L. (2006) The Health Readiness of Junior Enlisted Military Women: The
Social Determinants of Health Model and Research Questions, Military Medicine, 171(6), pp. 544-
549
James, W.H. (1998) The health and hormone status of female cadets and active-duty women in
the US armed forces, Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 152(1), p. 101
Johnson, D.F., Wells, C.M. & Breckenridge, R. (1989) Service as a female naval ocer: Implications
for aging?, Journal of Aging Studies, 3(3), pp. 183-209
Women’s Health Issues
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Linden, K., Jormanainen, V., Pietila, K. & Sahi, T. (2006) Medicine use by Finnish female conscripts
during voluntary military service, Military Medicine, 171(8), pp. 710-716
Lowe, N.K. & Ryan-Wenger, N.A. (2003) Military’s women’s risk factors for and symptoms of
genitourinary infections during deployment, Military Medicine, 168(7), pp. 569-574
Murdoch, M., Bradley, A., Mather, S.H., Klein, R.E., Turner, C.L. & Yano, E.M. (2006) Women and War
- What physicians should know, Journal of General Internal Medicine, 21(3), pp. S5-S10
Poth, M. (1996) Forum on the Health of Women in the Military: executive summary, Women’s
Health Issues, 6(6), pp. 311-314
Schneider, M.B., Bijur, P.E., Fisher, M., Friedman, S.B. & Toer, C.P.A. (2003) Menstrual Irregularity in
Female Military Cadets: Comparison of Data Utilizing Short-term and Long-term Recall, Journal
of Pediatric & Adolescent Gynecology, 16(2), pp. 89-93
Schneider, M.B., Fisher, M., Friedman, S.B., Bijur, P.E. & Toer, A.P. (1999) Menstrual and
premenstrual issues in female military cadets: a unique population with signicant concerns,
Journal of Pediatric Adolescent Gynecology, 12(4), pp. 195-201
Trego, L.L. (2009) Development of the Military Women’s Attitudes Toward Menstrual Suppression
Scale: from construct denition to pilot testing, Journal of Nursing Measurement, 17(1), pp. 45-72
Trego, L.L. (2009) Theoretical substruction: establishing links between theory and measurement
of military women’s attitudes towards menstrual suppression during military operations, Journal
of Advanced Nursing, 65(7), pp. 1548-1559
Trego, L.L. (2007) Military Women’s Menstrual Experiences and Interest in Menstrual Suppression
During Deployment, Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing, 36(4), pp. 342-347
Voge, V.M. (1996) Self-reported menstrual concerns of US Air Force and US Army rated women
aircrew, Military Medicine, 161(10), pp. 614-615
Gordley, L.B., Lemasters, G., Simpson, S.R. & Yiin, J.H. (2000) Menstrual disorders and occupational,
stress, and racial factors among military personnel, Journal of Occupational and Environmental
Medicine, 42(9) pp. 871-881
Hourani L.L., Yuan H., Bray R.M. (2004) Psychosocial and lifestyle correlates of premenstrual
symptoms among military women, Journal of Women’s Health, 13(7), pp. 812-821
Pierce, P.F., Antonakos, C. & Deroba, B.A. (1999) Health care utilization and satisfaction concerning
gender-specic health problems among military women, Military Medicine, 164(2), pp. 98-102
n ❘ Women’s Health Issues – Ph.D Theses (non-military)
Paord, L. (2007) The culture and practices of military women relating to hygiene in the eld of
environment [Ph.D Thesis], Denton, TX: Texas Woman’s University, 134pp
Rennix, C.P. (2000) The occurrence and risk of breast cancer among women in the US Army, 1980-
1996 [Ph.D Thesis], Lowell, MA: University of Massachusetts, 153pp
Trego, L.L. (2007) Menstruation during deployment: military women’s attitudes towards menstrual
suppression [Ph.D Thesis], Seattle, WA: University of Washington, 105pp
Wilson, C. (2006) Illness behaviors of military women managing genitourinary symptoms: a
secondary analysis [Ph.D Thesis], Denver, CO: University of Colorado, 196pp
197
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AEI - American Enterprise Institute (US)
Air Force Research Institute (US)
Amnesty International (UK)
Arnold A. Saltzman Institute of War and Peace Studies (US)
Aspen Institute (US)
ATHENA3 - the Advanced Thematic Network of Women’s Studies
Australian Government – Department of Defence (Australia)
Austrian National Defence Academy (Austria)
Baltic Defence College (Estonia)
Belfer Center for Science and International Aairs, Harvard University (US)
Bridge – Development Gender (UK)
Brookings Institution (US)
Carnegie Corporation (US)
Carter Center (US)
Cato Institute (US)
Caucasian Review of International Aairs (US)
CDI – Center for Defense Information (US)
Center for Contemporary Conict (US)
Center for Equal Opportunity (US)
Center for European Policy Studies (Belgium)
Center for International Security and Cooperation (US)
Center for International Studies, University of Southern California (US)
Center for Security Policy (US)
Center for Strategic and International Studies (US)
Center for Strategic and International Studies (US)
Center for Strategic Leadership – Army War College (US)
Center for Transatlantic Relations (US)
Center for Women Policy Studies (US)
Center on International Cooperation (US)
CESS - Centre for European Security Studies (The Netherlands)
CGSD - Center for Global Security and Democracy (US)
Chatham House (UK)
CHRC - Centre on Human Rights in Conict (UK)
CIGI - Centre for International Governance Innovation (Canada)
CIPSS - Center for International Peace and Security Studies (Canada)
Claremont Institute (US)
CMI – Christian Michelsen Institute (Norway)
n ❘ Appendix 1 n ❘
Overview of investigated institutions
200 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
Columbia International Aairs (US)
Congressional Research Service (US)
Cornell University Peace Studies Program (UK)
CROME – Critical research on Men in Europe
CSBA - Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments (US)
CSI - Combat Studies Institute (US)
CSTPV - Centre for the Study of Terrorism and Political Violence, St. Andrews
University, Scotland (UK)
CWINF - The Committee on Women in the NATO Forces (Belgium)
DACOWITS - The Defense Department Advisory Committee on Women in the
Services (US)
DECAF – Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (Switzerland)
Defense Research & Development Canada (Canada)
DEOMI - The Defense Equal Opportunity Management Institute (US)
DIIS - Danish Institute for International Studies (Denmark)
DSTL - Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (UK)
ECICW - European Centre of the International Council of Women (UK)
Engender (UK)
ERGOMAS - European Research Group on Military and Society
EUISS - European Union Institute for Security Studies (France)
EUROMIL - European Organisation of Military Associations (Germany)
European Women’s Lobby (Belgium)
Finnish Institute for International Aairs (Finland)
Folke Bernadotte Academy (Sweden)
FPIF – Foreign Policy in Focus (US)
FPRI - Foreign Policy Research Institute (US)
FRS - Foundation for Strategic Research (France)
GAPS-UK – Gender Action for Peace and Security (UK)
GCSP - Geneva Centre for Security Policy (Switzerland)
George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies (Germany)
GEXcel – Gendering Excellence: Center for Gender Excellence (Sweden)
GFN-SSR - Global Facilitation Network for Security Sector Reform (US)
Gunda Werner Institute (Germany)
Hoover Institution (US)
Human Rights First (US)
Human Rights Watch (US)
IANWGE – Inter-agency Network on Women and Gender Equality (US)
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IFPA - Institute for Foreign Policy Analysis (US)
ILFRI - Institute of International Relations (France)
Independent Institute (US)
Institute for Conict Analysis and Resolution at George Mason University (US)
Institute for Development and Peace (Germany)
Institute for National Strategic Studies (US)
Institute for Security Studies (South Africa)
International Alert (UK)
International Alliance of Women (Denmark)
International Conict Research Institute (UK)
International Crisis Group (Belgium)
International Federation of Women in Legal Careers (France)
International Peace Institute (US)
International Security Information Service – Europe (Belgium)
IPB – International Peace Bereau (Switzerland)
IUS - The Inter-University Seminar on Armed Forces and Society
IWTC - International Women’s Tribune Center (US)
Kellogg Institute for International Studies (US)
Kvinna til Kvinna Foundation (Sweden)
Lexington Institute (US)
Lowy Institute for International Policy (Australia)
Mershon Center (US)
MINERVA Center (US)
Ministry of Defence - New Zealand (New Zealand)
Ministry of Defence (UK)
National Defence and the Canadian Forces (Canada)
NATO Defense College (Italy)
Naval Health Research Center (US)
Navy Personnel Research and Development Center (US)
NGO Working Group on Women, Peace and Security (US)
NUPI - Norwegian Institute of International Aairs (Norway)
OCSE - The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (Austria)
Oxfam International and Oxfam Publication (UK)
Oxford Centre for International Studies (UK)
Palm Center (US)
Partnership for Peace Consortium of Defense Academies and Security Studies
Institutes (Germany)
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PDA - Project on Defense Alternatives (US)
PRIO - Peace Research Institute Oslo (Norway)
Ralph Bunche Institute for International Studies (US)
RAND Corporation (US)
Research Center (SFB) 700 (Germany)
RUSI – Royal United Service Institute (UK)
SIDA – Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sweden)
Small Arms Survey (Switzerland)
SSI – Strategic Studies Institute (US)
Stockholm International Peace research Institute (Sweden)
Stormingmedia (US)
Swedish Defence Research Agency (Sweden)
Swiss Peace Foundation (Switzerland)
The Boston Consortium on Gender, Security and Human Rights (US)
UNIFEM - United Nations Development Fund for Women (US)
UN-INSTRAW - United Nations International Research and Training Institute for the
Advancement of Women (US)
Urban Institute (US)
US Army Foreign Military Studies Oce (US)
US Army Medical research and Materiel Command (US)
US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (US)
US Government Accountability Oce (US)
Watson Institute for International Studies (US)
Weatherhead Center for International Aairs (US)
Westat (US)
WILPF - Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom (US)
WomenWatch: Women, Peace and Security (US)
WREI - Women’s Research & Education Institute (US)
203
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US
Naval War College (Newport, Rhode Island)
Naval Postgraduate School (Monterey, California)
The Marine Corps University (Quantico, Virginia)
Air University (Maxwell Air Force Base)
Air Force Institute of Technology (Wright Patterson Air Force Base)
U.S. Army Command and General Sta College (Fort Leavenworth, Kansas)
U.S. Army War College (Carlisle, Pennsylvania)
Joint Forces Sta College (Norfolk, Virginia)
National War College (Washington, DC)
Defense Acquisition University (Fort Belvoir, Virginia)
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (Bethesda, Maryland)
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (Washington, DC)
UK
Defence Academy of the United Kingdom (Shrivenham)
Australia
Australian Defence College (Canberra)
New Zeeland
New Zealand Defence College (Trentham Military Camp, Upper Hutt)
Canada
Canadian Land Force Command and Sta College (Fort Frontenac, Kingston, Ontario)
Canadian Forces College (North York, Ontario)
Royal Military College of Canada (Kingston, Ontario)
Royal Military College Saint-Jean (Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec)
NATO
NATO Defense College (Rome, Italy)
n ❘ Appendix 2 n ❘
Military postgraduate educational institutions
204 Moving Soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse • 01/2010
Journal Books Reports, Ph.D Ph.D & Master Total
Articles etc. (non-military) (military)
Attitudes towards Women in the Military 20 1 2 12 4 39
Biography and Autobiography 0 32 0 0 0 32
Gender and Family Issues 19 2 9 5 3 38
Gender and History 112 119 5 50 6 292
Gender and Injury 34 0 5 1 0 40
Gender and Leadership 21 0 5 11 7 44
Gender and Military Education 26 6 8 0 4 44
Gender and Peacebuilding 58 24 80 5 0 167
Gender and Sexual Risk Behavior 26 0 0 1 0 27
Gender and Sexual Violence as a Weapon of War 40 5 27 2 0 74
Gender and Spouse Abuse 35 2 6 9 1 53
Gender and Stress 16 0 7 0 0 23
Gender and the Body 16 2 2 1 0 21
Gender and Veterans 80 3 2 8 0 93
Gender and Violence 20 10 3 0 0 33
Gender Equality 43 6 26 2 3 80
Gender Identity and Gender Roles 44 15 7 29 4 99
Gender Integration 38 5 46 6 13 108
Gender Stereotypes 35 6 2 3 0 46
Gender, Alcohol and Substance Use 7 0 0 2 0 9
Gender, Career and Deployment 47 4 36 14 25 126
Gender, Child Abuse and Maltreatment in
Military Communities 33 0 3 5 0 41
Gender, Childhood Victimization and
Sexual Trauma among Military Personell 15 0 3 1 0 19
Gender, Hazing and Bullying 9 1 2 0 1 13
Gender, Mental and Physical Health 46 0 15 15 4 80
Gender, Nutrition and Eating Disorders 18 0 5 2 1 26
Gender, Operational and Organizational
Eectiveness 17 3 16 3 6 45
Gender, Physical and Psychological Ability 27 4 19 6 8 64
Gender, Race and Ethnicity 15 0 0 5 3 23
Gender, Sexual Harassment and Abuse in a
Military Context 115 11 44 13 6 189
Gender, Tracking and Prostitution 18 3 0 4 0 25
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) Issues 95 27 36 5 7 170
Masculinities 33 9 0 2 2 46
Pregnancy and Child Care 40 0 8 2 2 52
Recruitment of Women 13 0 8 0 6 27
UN Resolution 1325 9 0 47 0 0 56
Women and Femininities 41 30 37 5 5 118
Women in Combat 37 10 7 4 3 61
Women’s Health Issues 24 0 0 4 0 28
Total 1342 340 528 237 124 2571
n ❘ Appendix 3 n ❘
Overview of the prevalence of the themes sorted by main category
205
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Forsvarets
forskningsinstitutt
FFI
Norwegian Defence Research Establishment
n ❘ Aknowledgements n ❘
THE NORWEGIAN DEFENCE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE
The Gender Project
207
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The Norwegian School of Sport Sciences Defence Institute has been a subdivision of the
Norwegian Defence University College (NDUC) since 2001, but is located at the Norwegian
School of Sport Sciences (NSSS) where it has been an integrated partner since its (NSSS) origin
in 1968. Being situated within the university college society, the Defence Institute conducts
its professional activities in accordance with recognized scientic, pedagogical and ethical
principles (pursuant to the Act pertaining to Universities and University Colleges, Section 1-5).
Its main eld of interest is in connection to the training, performance and cultural aspects within
military contexts in which the aim is to develop applicable soldiers and military units.
Director: Lieutenant Colonel Steinar Høgseth
Moving Soldiers – Soldaten i bevegelse is an institute series that aims to provide an arena
for interdisciplinary thinking and debate within the elds of interest of the Norwegian School
of Sport Sciences Defence Institute. As such, target groups of the series are primarily military
leaders and civilian scholars interested in the development of military capability and the
performance of soldiers and their units in an ever changing world. Moving Soldiers will be
published three to six times a year. The series is primarily based on Norwegian contributions,
but will be published in English whenever the topic being addressed is of interest to a more
international audience. The series is also open to contributions from authors other than those
aliated with the Defence Institute. All views expressed in Moving Soldiers are those of the
authors, thus the content may not necessarily coincide with the views of the Norwegian School
of Sport Sciences Defence Institute.
Editor: Major Anders McD Sookermany
n ❘ The Norwegian School of Sport Sciences/
Defence intitute (NSSS/DI) n ❘
Moving Soldiers is an institute series that aims
to provide an arena for interdisciplinary thinking
and debate on relevant issues related to the
development of soldiers and their military units.
The series is published by the Norwegian School
of Sport Sciences Defence Institute.
THE NORWEGIAN DEFENCE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE
Norwegian School of Sport Sciences/Defence intitute
Sognsvn. 220 • Postboks 4014 Ullevål stadion • 0806 Oslo
www.mil.no/idrett
This bibliography gives an extensive
interdisciplinary overview of studies on
gender issues in a military context. It covers
more than 2500 references of international reviewed
articles, reports, books, and theses from military
and non- military institutions. The references have
been categorized in themes such as “Masculinities”,
“Gender, Sexual Harassment and Abuse in a Military
Context”, “Gender, Physical and Psychological Ability”,
and “Recruitment of Women”. Hence, it represents
an essential tool for military leaders and scholars
interested in gender issues in a military context.
n ❘
01
2010
