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Comunicación, investigaciones sobre hongos xilófagos de arboles urbanos en Europa: primera cita de Inonotus rickii (Pat.) Reid en España

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M. Intini
M. Intini
M. Intini
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Abstract

Primera cita del basidiomiceto Inonotus rickii en España y su segunda localización en Europa. Causa podredumbre blanca en tronco e invade y necrosa el tejido cortical. Se indica su nueva zona de distribución y se describen las características macro y microscópicas de sus carpóforos y de su crecimiento en condiciones ¿in vitro¿.
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Bol. San. Veg. Plagas, 29: 277-279, 2003
Comunicación
Investigaciones sobre hongos xilófagos de árboles urbanos en
Europa: primera cita de Inonotus rickii (Pat.) Reid en España
M. INTINI, M. L. TELLO
Primera cita del basidiomiceto Inonotus rickii en España y su segunda localization
en Europa. Causa podredumbre blanca en tronco e invade y necrosa el tejido cortical. Se
indica su nueva zona de distribución y se describen las características macro y micros-
cópicas de sus carpóforos y de su crecimiento en condiciones "in vitro".
M.
INTINÍ.
Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, Firenze, Italia.
M.L.
TELLO.
Instituto Madrileño de Investigación Agraria (IMIA), Ctra. N-II Km.
38,2 28800 Alcalá de Henares, España.
Palabras clave: hongos de pudrición de madera, podredumbre blanca, necrosis
cortical, chancros
INTRODUCCIÓN
En el amplio y diverso mundo de los hon-
gos xilófagos, el género Inonotus Karst.
(Basidiomycetes-Hymenochaetaceae) ocupa
un lugar de importancia económica pues
comprende algunos de los productores de
necrosis cortical y podredumbre blanca de
madera más agresivos en árboles urbanos.
Las especies citadas en Europa incluyen:
/. hispidus (Bull.:Fr.) Karst, /. dryadeus
(Pers.:Fr.) Murr., /. tamaricis (Pat.) Maire, /.
cuticularis (Bull.:Fr.) Karst., /. dryophilus
(Berk.) Murr., /. radiatus (Sow.:Fr.) Karst., /.
rheades (Pers.) Bond e /. rickii (Pat.) Reid.
Inonotus rickii (Pat.) Reid (1957) (sin.:
Ptychogaster cubensis Pat. (1896) y Xant-
hochrous rickii Pat. (1908)) es una especie
pantropical que hasta ahora se había locali-
zado en Europa esporádicamente tan solo en
arbolado urbano en Sicilia
(JAQUENOD,
1985;
INTINI, 1988). Sin embargo, recientemente la
hemos detectado en España, donde parece
haberse aclimatado perfectamente, provo-
cando podredumbre blanca de duramen y
albura y necrosis cortical en varias plantas
leñosas.
DESCRIPCIÓN MORFOLÓGICA
Cuerpos fructíferos sésiles, de aplanados
a subesféricos o irregularmente ungulifor-
mes,
simples o imbricados, hasta 20 cm de
anchura, 25 cm de profundidad y 15 cm de
grosor; inicialmente pubescentes y de color
pardo dorado, se convierten en rugosos y de
color pardo oscuro de óxido en ejemplares
más viejos. Contexto de color arcilla, marrón
canela y marrón oscuro, zonado concéntri-
camente; primero carnoso y firme, después
se deshace en una masa de clamidosporas.
Figura 1. Tejido fúngico estéril pardo-dorado de Ino-
notus rickii en el tronco de Platanus sp.
Normalmente estos cuerpos fructíferos se
diferencian en vistosos chancros y protube-
rancias en tallos y ramas principales, a una
cierta altura por encima del suelo (Figs. 1 y
2).
Sistema de hifas monomítico. Hifas hiali-
nas o amarillentas, septadas, sin fíbulas, de
1.6-4 (-8) um de diámetro, forman haces de
15-100 um de espesor. Entre ellos se distin-
guen numerosas clamidosporas, hialinas en
su juventud y marrones en la madurez, dis-
puestas mayoritariamente en filas y con for-
mas variadas: esféricas, subesféricas, forma
de pera, de barril o de limón; de tamaño
entre (8)-10-12 (12.5) um. Algunas clami-
dosporas presentan apéndices hifoides de
hasta 20 um de longitud. Entre las hifas de
los haces aparecen las setas, con forma de
huso o de garfio, color pardo oscuro, hasta
450 um de longitud y 8-12 um de diámetro.
Setas más cortas (35-80 um) pueden produ-
cirse entre las hifas de la cutícula, aunque
más raramente.
Además de carpóforos jóvenes, las grie-
tas corticales en ramas podridas albergan
también restos de cuerpos fructíferos oscu-
ros y pulverulentos que contienen masas de
clamidosporas, algunas hifas y setas simila-
res a las descritas para los cuerpos fructífe-
ros frescos.
En los cuerpos fructíferos recogidos en
varios muéstreos, todos ellos realizados en
noviembre y diciembre, nunca encontramos
basidios, basidiosporas ni setas himeniales.
CARACTERÍSTICAS CULTURALES
Obtuvimos cultivos de /. rickii a partir de
madera podrida y de cuerpos fructíferos. En
los medios agar-zanahoria y agar-patata-dex-
trosa crecía un micelio inicialmente blanco y
algodonoso, tornándose posteriormente de
Figura 2. Masas pardo-doradas de tejido fúngico esté-
ril de ¡nonotus rickii localizadas a varios metros de
altura en el tronco de Acer negundo en Sevilla.
color crema, canela, ocre
y
marrón oscuro.
Al envejecer rezumaba
un
exudado
en
forma
de gotas brillantes bajo
la
superficie
del
micelio. En cultivos
de 3-4
semanas aparecí-
an hifas
de
color amarillo claro,
de 1-5 um
de diámetro, septadas,
sin
fíbulas,
con
setas
de hasta 300 um de longitud
y
5-12 (-18)
um
de diámetro,
y
clamidosporas esféricas,
subesféricas, ovoides
o
irregulares de 5-10
(-
13)
um de
diámetro. Clamidosporas simila-
res
se
encuentran también
en
los radios xile-
máticos de árboles infectados (INTINI, 1988).
DISTRIBUCIÓN, HUÉSPEDES
Y
DAÑOS
Inonotus rickii presenta
un
amplio rango
de huéspedes que abarca multitud de frondo-
ABSTRACT
BAKSHI,
B.K.,
1971. Indian Polyporaceae. Council
of
Agricultural Research. New Delhi.
INTINI,
M., 1988. Contributo alia conoscenza dei funghi
lignicoli italiani: Inonotus rickii (Pat.) Reid.
Mic.
Ital.
1: 49-55.
JAQUENOUD,
M., 1985. Inonotus rickii,
un
polypore nou-
veau pour
la
flore européenne. Mycologia Helvetica
I(6):371-391.
MALENCON,
G., 1970.
Ptycogaster cubensis
Pat. et
Xanthochrous rickii
Pat.
parasites
du
faux-poivrier
(Schinus molle
L.) au
Maroc. Bull.
Soc. Myc. Fr.
86(3):693-697.
sas
de
zonas tropicales
y
subtropicales,
y
más raramente de zonas templadas, donde
su
ataque parece limitarse
a
árboles urbanos
en
países
de
clima suave (PATOUILLARD,
1908;
MURRILL,
1919;
WRIGHT
y
IACONIS,
1955;
REÍD,
1957;
MALENCON,
1970;
BAKSHI,
1971;
JAQUENOUD, 1985; INTINI, 1988).
En España
se ha
detectado
/.
rickii
en
árboles urbanos
de
Sevilla afectando
a
fron-
dosas vivas, especialmente Acer negundo
y
Platanus
x
hybrida,
y
más raramente
en
Cel-
tis australis
y
Schinus molle.
I.
rickii penetra
en la
madera
de
árboles
sanos
y
debilitados, a través de heridas corti-
cales
y
ramas rotas, causando podredumbre
blanca, necrosis cortical, chancros
y
protu-
berancias.
MURRILL,
W.A., 1919.
Cuban polypores
and
agarics.
Mycologia 11:22-32.
PATOUILLARD,
N.,
1908. Xanthochrous rickii n.sp. Bull.
Soc.
Myc. Fr. 24:6-8.
REÍD,
D.A., 1957. New
or
interesting records
of
Austra-
lasian Basidiomycetes. III. Kew Bull. 12:127-143.
WRIGHT,
J.E. y
IACONIS,
C.L., 1955. Estudios sobre
Basidiomycetes. III. "Polyporus rickii" f.sp. "negun-
dinis" sobre arces vivos.
Rev.
Invest, agrie,
9:97-
110.
Buenos Aires.
(Recepción:
1
julio 2002)
(Aceptación: 26 agosto 2002)
INTINÍ,
M.;
TELLO,
M.L.
2003.
Investigations
on the
xylophagous fungi
of
urban
trees
in
Europe: Inonotus rickii (Pat.) Reid found
in
Spain. Bol. San.
Veg.
Plagas.
Vol.
29:
277-279.
First report
of
Inonotus rickii
in
Spain, which constitutes
its
second place
of
occu-
rrence
in
Europe.
It
causes white rot
in
stems and invades and kills the cortical tissue.
Its
new area
of
occurrence
and the
macroscopic
and
microscopic characteristics
of
its car-
pophores
and
in vitro cultures are described.
Key words: Wood decay fungi, white rot, cortical necrosis, cankers.
REFERENCIAS
... Argentina Acassuso, Buenos Aires Province Gottlieb et al., 2002 Argentina (location not specified) Intini, 1988 Buenos Aires City Gottlieb et al., 2002;Mielnichuk and Lopez, 2007;Robles et al., 2011Robles et al., , 2012Robles et al., , 2015a Buenos Aires Province Gottlieb et al., 2002 Córdoba Davidson et al., 1942;Stalpers, 2000 Brazil (location not specified) Davidson et al., 1942;Ryvarden, 1983;Intini, 1988 Goiânia Jaquenoud, 1985;Intini, 1988 Guinea Guinea (location not specified) Jaquenoud, 1985;Intini, 1988 Haiti Haiti (location not specified) Davidson et al., 1942;Intini, 1988 Lanzarote, Canary Islands García et al., 2014bSeville Intini, 2002aIntini and Tello, 2003 Spain (location not specified) Intini, 2002b Tenerife, Canary Islands García et al., 2014b Taiwan Kinmen County Chang and Fu, 1998 United States Arizona Gilbertson et al., 1974;Ryvarden, 2004, 2005Florida Davidson et al., 1942Gilbertson and Ryvarden, 1986;Intini, 1988;Barnard, 1993;Ryvarden, 2004Ryvarden, , 2005 Hawaii (location not specified) Intini, 1988 Hawthorne Louisiana Davidson et al., 1942;Gilbertson and Ryvarden, 1986;Intini, 1988;Ryvarden, 2004Ryvarden, , 2005 New Mexico Sanogo and Lujan, 2018 Oahu, Hawaii Davidson et al., 1942 Tucson, Arizona Gilbertson and Ryvarden, 1986 Uruguay Uruguay ( and drought periods which reflected the resistance to the climatic variations of the Cerrado. ...
... Our study expands and shed the light on the geographic distribution of the species with special reference to the Cerrado biome and updated list of plant hosts. I. rickii is easily described by the massive production of chlamydospores in vitro and in vivo, Adoxaceae Sambucus nigra L. (Kotlaba and Pouzar, 1994;Annesi et al., 2003Annesi et al., , 2005 Schinus molle L. (Intini, 1988(Intini, , 2002bAnnesi et al., 2003;Intini and Tello, 2003**;García et al., 2014a;Sepúlveda et al., 2016) Casuarina spp. (Gilbertson and Ryvarden, 1986;Wright and Alberto, 2006) 2 1.6 ...
... Cannabaceae Celtis australis L. (Kotlaba and Pouzar, 1994;Gottlieb et al., 2002;Intini, 2002b**;Melo et al., 2002;Annesi et al., 2003Annesi et al., , 2015Intini and Tello, 2003**;Mazza et al., 2008;Ramos et al., 2008) Parkinsonia aculeata L. (Gilbertson et al., 1974;Jaquenoud, 1985) 2 1.6 ...
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... Il met beaucoup de temps pour s'installer en Europe. Des observations sont signalées au Montenegro et en Grèce dans les années 1990 (Kotlaba & Pouzar 1994), puis en Espagne (Intini & Tello 2003), au Portugal (Melo et al. 2002) et en France. Pieri & Rivoire (1996) présentent la première récolte du téléomorphe en France métropolitaine faite à Roquebrun (Hérault) et constatent que c' est en même temps la station la plus septentrionale connue à l' époque. ...
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... En zonas templadas, sin embargo, se encuentra asociado principalmente a ambientes urbanos. Además de haber sido encontrado afectando árboles urbanos de Sudamérica (Gottlieb et al., 2002;Robles et al., 2011), se lo ha reportado en varios países de Europa (Melo et al., 2002;Annesi et al., 2003;Intini & Tello, 2003) y en Norteamérica (Farr et al., 1989). En Argentina ha sido previamente citado sobre P. acerifolia (Robles et al., 2011), Acacia melanoxylon R. Br., Acer negundo L., Casuarina cunninghamiana Miq., Celtis australis L. y Lippia citriodora Kunth (Gottlieb et al., 2002), evidenciando su amplio rango de hospedantes. ...
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... Comments: Some authors, such as Coelho (1994), Melo et al. (2002), and Ryvarden (2005) described setal hyphae that ranged from 250 × 17.94 μm. Although these measurements are similar to those in the Mondaí specimens, the longer hyphal setae found in the context -400(-500) × 9-20(-22) μm) -agrees with the sizes cited reported by Intini & Tello (2003). Basidiospore size in our specimens (6-8 × 4-7 μm) is similar to that reported by Coelho (1994;6.55-8.95 ...
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... Later, Kotlaba & Pouzar (1994) described the disease on Celtis australis L. and Sambucus nigra L., in Montenegro and in Greece, respectively, whereas Pieri & Rivoire (1996) found I. rickii on decayed Albizia sp. in France. Recently, Intini (2002b) and Intini & Tello (2003) reported P. cubensis attacking Acer negundo L., C. australis, Platanus x hybrida Brot. and Schinus molle L., in Spain. ...
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Article
  • Jan 2014
Bjerkandera adusta (Willd.) P. Karst. and Inonotus rickii (Pat.) D.A. Reid. are important xylophagous fungi affecting street trees in Buenos Aires City, Argentina. The objective of this paper is to describe the decay patterns produced by these species in London plane wood (Platanus acerifolia (Ait.) Willd.), which is one of the most abundant tree species in the city, through light microscopy (LM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A better knowledge of the decay patterns of these fungi at early stages would provide useful information for optimizing tree management programs. Microscopic observations showed that B. adusta, having caused an important loss of dry weight, showed more extensive degradation of wood after three months than I. rickii, affecting mainly fiber walls with potential consequences in tree strength and stiffness. Inonotus rickii, on the other hand, selectively affected vessel walls and middle lamellae between fibers. Rays remained virtually unaltered in all decayed wood.
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Xanthochrous rickii n.sp
  • Jan 1908
  • 6-8
  • N Patouillard
PATOUILLARD, N., 1908. Xanthochrous rickii n.sp. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 24:6-8.
Estudios sobre Basidiomycetes. IIIPolyporus rickii" f.sp. "negundinis" sobre arces vivos
  • Jan 1955
  • 97-110
WRIGHT, J.E. y IACONIS, C.L., 1955. Estudios sobre Basidiomycetes. III. "Polyporus rickii" f.sp. "negundinis" sobre arces vivos. Rev. Invest, agrie, 9:97- 110. Buenos Aires.
Investigations on the xylophagous fungi of urban trees in Europe: Inonotus rickii (Pat.) Reid found in Spain
  • Jan 2003
  • 277-279
  • M Intiní
  • M L Tello
INTINÍ, M.; TELLO, M.L. 2003. Investigations on the xylophagous fungi of urban trees in Europe: Inonotus rickii (Pat.) Reid found in Spain. Bol. San. Veg. Plagas. Vol. 29: 277-279.
Polyporus rickii" f.sp. "negundinis" sobre arces vivos
  • Jan 1955
  • 26
  • J E Wright
  • C L Iaconis
WRIGHT, J.E. y IACONIS, C.L., 1955. Estudios sobre Basidiomycetes. III. "Polyporus rickii" f.sp. "negundinis" sobre arces vivos. Rev. Invest, agrie, 9:97-110. Buenos Aires. (Recepción: 1 julio 2002) (Aceptación: 26 agosto 2002)