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The corticolous and lignicolous species of Bacidia and Bacidina in North America
Abstract
This is a taxonomic revision of the corticolous and lignicolous taxa of the genera Bacldia and Bacidina (Lecanoraceae, Lecanorales, lichenized Ascomycotina) in the continental United States and Canada. Twenty-seven species of Bacidia (one of which is divided into two subspecies) and twelve species of Bacidina are recognized. The morphology, secondary chemistry, ecology, and phytogeography of these spceies are discussed, and a key is provided. Apothecium pigmentation, thallus composition, presence of crystals in the proper exciple, hymenium height, thickness of paraphyses, spore shape and size, in Bacidina sometimes also conidial type and tholus structure, have proved to be the most important characters to distinguish betwcen species. Circumscriptions of Bacidia and Bacidina are attempted. Tholus structure, cell structure of the proper exciple, presence of goniocysts, presence of crystals in the thallus cortex, and size of conidiogenous cells are the most valuable characters in the delimitation of these genera. Nine new taxa are described: Bacidia diffracta, B. helicospora, B. salmonea, Bacidina aenea, Bn. californica, Bn. crystallifera, Bn. ramea, Bn, squamellosa, and Bn. varia. Twelve new combinations are introduced: Bacidia campalea, Bacidia laurocerasi subsp. idahoensis, Bacidina assulata, Bn. egenuloidea, Byssoloma meadii, Fellhanera floridana, Herteliana alaskensis, Lecania stigmatella, L, subfuscula, Pachyphiale gyalizella, Ropalospora phaeoplaca, and Ophioparma rubricosa. In addition to the newIy described species, 12 species of Bacidia and four species of Bacidina are correctly reported from the study area for the first time. The genera Psorella and Toniniopsis are reduced into synonymy with Bacidia.
... Species have been recorded in many European lichen floras, for example, in areas of Germany, the British Isles, and the Iberian Peninsula (e.g. Llop 2007;Wirth et al. 2013;Cannon et al. 2021), and Bacidia diversity is also widely studied in North America (Ekman 1996). However, the diversity of Bacidia in Asia and the Caucasus remains largely unknown. ...
... Measurements are given as (min-) x̄± SD (-max) (SD = standard deviation, n 1 = number of all observations, n 2 = number of specimens observed). We provide a detailed description of specimens using traditional microscopic techniques following Smith et al. (2009) and the subdivision scheme of the proper exciple according to Ekman (1996), differentiating the following structures: rim, lateral part, and medullary part. We used the following diagnostic characters to delimit the species lineages: 1) thallus structure; 2) colour of disc and margin of apothecium; 3) hypothecium colour; 4) colour and structure of exciple; 5) shape and size of ascospores. ...
... The Lichenologist 283 Table 4. Main characters separating taxa of Bacidia rubella s. lat. group. Information for Bacidia fraxinea and B. rubella are given by Ekman (1996), Ekman & Nordin (1993), Smith et al. (2009; B. iberica and B. parathalassica are from Llop (2007) and Aragón & Martínez (2003); B. thyrrenica from Llop et al. (2007); B. obtecta and B. elongata are from Gerasimova et al. (2018Gerasimova et al. ( , 2021b. Measurements for Caucasian taxa are newly provided (see taxa with 'Caucasus' in brackets after the species name. ...
During a study of the incompletely known lichen flora of the Caucasus, we analyzed 237 specimens of corticolous Bacidia s. str. collected in the Northern and Southern Caucasus, including Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Russia. Of these, 54 specimens belonging to 11 species of Bacidia s. str. were selected for molecular studies, representing the observed morphological variability of the genus. We obtained 142 sequences from three RNA-coding genes (nrITS, nrLSU, and mtSSU) and two protein-coding genes ( RPB 1 and RPB 2). The single and concatenated datasets were complemented with Bacidia s. str. sequences from GenBank and subjected to Bayesian inference and two maximum likelihood analyses (RAxML and IQ-TREE). The resulting trees yielded highly concordant topologies of the groups and corresponded with previous results, supporting two main clades correlating with apothecia pigmentation. Our analyses are the first to reveal the presence of Bacidia heterochroa in the Caucasus. An exceptionally high degree of morphological plasticity was found in the Rubella and Suffusa groups. As a result of morphological examination and phylogenetic results, B. caucasica (Suffusa group) was described as new to science. Furthermore, two putative taxa in the Rubella group, Bacidia inconspicua ined. and B. maritima ined., were introduced. This study furthers our understanding and documentation of the understudied lichen flora of the Caucasus, bringing the total number of Bacidia species for the region to 13.
... This is based on the composition of the thallus (fused thallus granules with a thin cortex), the partially widened cell lumina in the proper exciple, and the peculiar morphology of the ascus apex, which is composed of a wide, dome-shaped axial body and an expanded c-layer, resulting in a quite thin, amyloid d-layer (Fig. 1B). This ascus apex is quite similar to the one for Bacidina egenuloidea (Fink) S. Ekman (Ekman 1996, Fig. 5N) and has never been reported from any other genus in the Ramalinaceae. Bacidina genuensis is superficially strikingly similar to a Toniniopsis, particularly a poorly pigmented 2021), but the portrayal of the thallus and ascus below are based on my own, previously unpublished observations. ...
... Species of Bacidina often have large, not seldom intercontinental distributions (Ekman 2023), although there are also examples of species with apparently restricted distributions, e.g., B. californica S. Ekman and B. contecta S. Ekman & T. Sprib. (Ekman 1996;Spribille et al. 2009). All the known occurrences are from anthropogenic sites, begging the question what the primary habitat of B. genuensis is. ...
The species described as Bacidia genuensis is transferred here to Bacidina as B. genuensis (Ramalinaceae, Lecanorales, lichenized Ascomycota). An updated morphological description is provided. The species is characterized by mostly blackish apothecia on a thick, microsquamulose thallus, a crystal-inspersed proper exciple that is mostly prosoplechtenchymatous, an ascus with a wide and dome-shaped axial body and an expanded c-layer (resulting in a thin, amyloid d-layer), a blue-green pigment in the epihymenium, proper exciple, and pycnidial wall, and an orange-brown, K+ intensifying pigment in the hypothecium and sometimes proper exciple. This combination of characters sets the species apart from its potentially close relatives Bacidina egenula and B. indigens, as well as the superficially similar, but more distantly related, Toniniopsis bagliettoana. Bacidina genuensis is currently known from a few sites in northern Italy, where it inhabits weathered and apparently shaded mortar of masonry.
... For the newly described species, we performed TLC on small duplicates in solvent C in the laboratories of the Botanischer Garten of the Freie Universität Berlin. Identifications were performed using major taxonomic works (Ahti 2000;Aptroot 2012;Arvidsson 1982;Bárcenas-Peña et al. 2014;Benatti 2014;Breuss & Lücking 2015;Cáceres 2007;Ekman 1996;Feuerstein et al. 2022;Frisch et al. 2006;Hongsanan et al. 2020;Kalb et al. 2018;Lücking et al. 2007Lücking et al. , 2011Lücking et al. , 2013Lücking et al. , 2016bMalme 1926;Mangold et al. 2009;Marbach 2000;Matthes-Leight 2000;Rivas Plata et al. 2006, 2010Schumm & Aptroot 2012;Sipman 2005Sipman , 2011Sipman et al. 2012;Staiger 2002;Timdal 2008). Unless otherwise stated, the identifications conformed to the current circumscription of the taxon. ...
... Based on a thorough check on Neotropical reference material there seems to be no better identification available. The taxon somewhat resembles Bacidina medialis (Tuck ex Nyl.) Kistenich, Timdal, Bendiksby & S.Ekman, but the latter has a compacted thallus and the ascospores are narrower (Ekman 1996). Description. ...
In this study, we revised the lichen collection at the Herbario Amazonico Colombiano (coah) in Bogotá, Colombia. The collection has a total of nearly 2,400 specimens, with some duplicates in the Herbario Nacional (col) and in the herbarium of the Botanic Garden in Berlin (b). The revision of 1,861 specimens revealed 574 species in 142 genera and 44 families, among which there are 28 species new to science and seven new combinations. Previously, 324 species had been reported from the Colombian Amazon, and our revision resulted in a new total of 666 species, more than doubling the previous number. All 666 species are enumerated here in the first comprehensive checklist of lichens from the Colombian Amazon. A total of 157 new country records (53 already reported in the new Catalogue of Fungi of Colombia) increase the number of lichens known from Colombia to 2,827. The following species are described as new: Allographa exuens, differing from A. argentata by the lirellae with the corticiform layer soon flaking off and exposing the black labia, the only finely inspersed hymenium, and the narrower ascospores; A. guainiae, differing from Graphis syzygii in the prominent ascomata with lateral thalline margin and whitish thallus remnants between the striae; A. labiata, differing from A. immersa in the prominent lirellae with conspicuous, entire, exposed labia, an inspersed hymenium, longer ascospores, and stictic acid as secondary compound; A. lichexanthonica, differing from A. sitiana in producing lichexanthone; A. sessilis, differing from A. contortuplicata in the muriform ascospores; A. suprainspersata, differing from A. angustata in the very thin thalline cover of the ascomata and the apically inspersed hymenium; Astrothelium bireagens, differing from A. cinnamomeum by the broader, apically flattened perithecia covered by a thin, ferruginous-red, K+ deep purple pruina and internally with an ochraceous-yellow, K+ deep yellow pigment; A. stromatolucidum, differing from A. neovariolosum in the distinctly pseudostromatic ascomata; Carbacanthographis submultiseptata, differing from C. multiseptata in the narrower ascospores and the indistinct periphysoids; Chapsa inconspicua, differing from C. angustispora in the smooth to uneven versus farinose thallus and in the much shorter ascospores; Coenogonium velutinellum, differing from C. pineti in the finely velvety, rather thick thallus composed of irregular to erect, densely packed algal threads covered by a thin pseudocortex; Fellhanera naevioides, differing from F. naevia in the finely dispersed, minutely crenulate thallus and the blackish apothecia; Fissurina sipmanii, differing from F. amazonica in the shorter and broader, slightly gaping, somewhat chroodiscoid ascomata, and the amyloid ascospores; Glyphis lirellizans, differing from Glyphis substriatula in the erumpent vs. prominent lirellae with lateral thalline margin and the exposed disc; Graphis papillifera, differing from G. stellata in the lirellae lacking a thalline margin, very elongate and irregularly to radiately branched and not in stellate clusters, and in the 5-septate ascospores; G. pseudoglyphis, differing from Graphis stellata in the non-verrucose thallus, the branched lirellae which do not, however, form stellate clusters, and the shorter ascospores; Malmidea flavimarginata, differing from M. bacidinoides in the pale yellow, K+ deep yellow medulla and yellow, K+ deep yellow excipular crystals, as well as the smaller ascospores; M. isidiopiperina, differing from M. taytayensis in the smaller ascospores; M. papillitrailiana, differing from M. trailiana in the papillose apothecial margins; Myriotrema araracuarense, differing from Myriotrema muluense in the non-annulate pores of the apothecia and in the longer ascospores; Ocellularia areolata, differing from Ocellularia rhicnoporoides in the pigmented medulla and the larger, more prominent apothecia with completely carbonized excipulum; O. caquetensis, differing from Ocellularia rotundifumosa in the absence of a columella; O. inspersipallens, differing from O. viridipallens in the inspersed hymenium and the 5–7-septate ascospores; O. rufocinctoides, differing from O. rufocincta in the thallus lacking large and irregular crystal clusters, in the more prominent apothecia and in the smaller ascospores; O. sipmanii, differing from Ocellularia abbayesiana in the smaller, 3-septate ascospores; Pseudopyrenula daironii, differing from all other species of the genus in the aggregate perithecia with shared ostiole and the internal orange-red pigment granules lining the perithecial wall; Pyrenula asymmetrica, differing from Pyrenula papilligera in the longer, almost rectangular ascospores; and Redingeria pseudostromatica, differing from other species in the genus in the pseudostromatic ascomata with small, rounded apothecia, in combination with 1-septate ascospores. In addition, the following seven new combinations are proposed: Bacidina cyanophila (≡ Bacidina simplex var. cyanophila), Malmidea sorediifera (≡ Lecanora sorediifera), Ocellularia fuscescens (≡ Thelotrema fuscescens), Phaeographis cymbegrapha (≡ Graphis cymbegrapha; = Phaeographis amazonica Staiger], Polyblastidium flavosquamosum (≡ Heterodermia flavosquamosa), Polyblastidium lamelligerum (≡ Parmelia lamelligera), and Polyblastidium rottboellii (≡ Anaptychia hypoleuca var. rottboellii).
... Taxonomic keys for Bacidia (Ekman, 1998;Ekman, 2001;Gerasimova, Ezhkin & Andreas, 2018;Lee & Hur, 2022), Graphis (Lucking, Archer & Aptroot, 2009;Peña, Lücking, Miranda-Gonzalez & delos Angeles Herrera-Campos, 2014), Lecanora (Brand, 2008;Papong, Boonpragob & Lumbsch, 2011;Santos, Aptroot, Lücking & Cáceres, 2023), Lithothelium (Aptroot, 2021;Berger, LaGreca & Aptroot, 2016;McCarthy, 1996;McCarthy, 2015), and Pyrenula (Aptroot, 2021) were used to determine the lichen species. An identification key for the corticolous manglicolous crustose lichens in the Bangrin Marine Protected Area was prepared. ...
This research aims to continue the inventory of corticolous microlichens in Pangasinan, Northern Philippines. The study was focused on the manglicolous lichens that grow on the bark and stems of mangrove trees present in the Bangrin Marine Protected Area mangrove forest. The survey resulted in the documentation of eight (8) species of manglicolous microlichens belonging to four (4) families. These include Bacidia kurilensis, Graphis furcata, Graphis nanodes, Graphis pinicola, Graphis pulverulenta, Lecanora achroa, Lithothelium almbornii and Pyrenula parvinuclea. The highest species richness belonged to the family Graphidaceae, followed by Pyrenulaceae. The lichens B. kurilensis and L. almbornii were reported to be new distributional records in the Philippines.
... Considerable progress has been made in recent decades to delimit and segregate monophyletic and morphologically distinct groups from large broadly delimited genera such as Bacidia De Not., Buellia De Not., Lecanora Ach., and Lecidea Ach. (e.g., Ekman 1996;Hafellner 1984;Hafellner et al. 1979;Hertel 1987;V ezda 1986). For instance, the lichen families Graphidaceae and Thelotremataceae, whose genus-level taxonomy was widely acknowledged to be artificial (Staiger 2002(Staiger , 2005, have been extensively studied and revised (e.g., Kraichak et al. 2014;Lumbsch et al. 2014;Rivas Plata et al. 2013;Staiger 2002;Staiger et al. 2006). ...
Lecidea varians is among the most common and abundant bark-dwelling crustose lichens in temperate eastern North America. As presently delimited, it is highly variable, including chemical and morphological diversity well beyond that currently accepted for most lichen species. The generic placement of L. varians has also been questioned for decades. It has long been recognized as aberrant in Lecidea and Pyrrhospora, excluded from Lecidella, and more recently transferred to Traponora. Drawing from the results of extensive chemical, molecular phylogenetic and morphological studies, we show that L. varians and its relatives represent a previously unrecognized lineage within the speciose lichen family Lecanoraceae. The lineage appears to occupy an isolated position, distinct from the aforementioned genera, and is newly described as the genus Xanthosyne (typified by L. varians). The chemical and morphological variation within L. varians is mirrored by, but not entirely correlated with, considerable molecular diversity. A new taxonomy is proposed for L. varians and its relatives to serve as a framework for future studies. Three species are recognized: X. varians (≡ Lecidea varians), common and widespread in parts of North America; X. granularis, a new species from the Atlantic Coast of eastern North America that differs morphologically from X. varians in having a leprose thallus; and X. sharnoffiorum, a new species also found mainly along the Atlantic Coast of eastern North America, which has a coarsely granular, non-leprose thallus and produces a unique, unidentified xanthone. Multiple well-supported lineages were recovered within X. varians that correlate to varying degrees with chemical and morphological variability, as well as geographic distribution. Eight subspecies are recognized to accommodate the variation within X. varians: X. varians subsp. exigua comb. nov. (≡ Lecidea exigua) characterized by the presence of atranorin and a consistent set of three xanthones, is widespread in southern Europe and western North America (coastal California); X. varians subsp. varians (≡ Lecidea varians) is distributed mainly in northeastern North America and produces thuringione and arthothelin; X. varians subsp. morsei subsp. nov. is morphologically and chemically variable, with one chemotype (thiophanic acid) with a northeastern distribution, and the other with a unique and unidentified xanthone, found mainly in the interior U.S.A.; X. varians subsp. obscura subsp. nov. occurs mainly in the central U.S.A. and North Temperate regions, produces a unique, unidentified xanthone and generally has black apothecia with green epihymenial pigments; X. varians subsp. pseudomorsei subsp. nov. and X. varians subsp. submorsei subsp. nov. resemble X. varians subsp. morsei but differ in molecular sequence characters; X. varians subsp. subtilis comb. nov. (≡ Lecidea subtilis) and X. varians subsp. subexigua subsp. nov. occur in the Appalachian Mountains, the former producing atranorin and the latter lacking atranorin, both with thiophanic acid with or without other xanthones. In an addendum, Lecidella subviridis is discussed with respect to the genus Xanthosyne. An identification key is provided for all species and their subspecies within Xanthosyne.
... Byssoloma Trevis. is the type genus of the Pilocarpaceae (lichenized Ascomycota) and is mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide (Lücking 2008). At present, 58 species are recognized worldwide, growing mainly on living leaves and bark, sometimes on rocks and on the thalli of other lichens (Santesson 1952;James 1971;Vězda 1975Vězda , 1986Vězda , 1987Vězda , 1994Sérusiaux 1978Sérusiaux , 1979Sérusiaux , 1996Sérusiaux , 1998Kalb & Vězda 1990, 1994Coppins et al. 1992;Sipman & Aptroot 1992;Fárkas & Vězda 1993;Malcolm & Vězda 1995;Ekman 1996;Kondratyuk 1996;Aptroot et al. 1997;Lücking et al. 1998Lücking et al. , 2002Thor et al. 2000;Sérusiaux et al. 2002;Schubert et al. 2003;Lücking 2006Lücking , 2008Lücking , 2013Messuti & de la Rosa 2007;Lumbsch et al. 2011;Breuss 2013Breuss , 2014Cáceres et al. 2013;Aptroot 2014;van den Boom 2016;Elix & McCarthy 2018;Wang et al. 2020a). The genus Byssoloma is characterized by its byssoid apothecial margin (inconspicuous in some species) and I+ dark blue asci with a tubular structure at the apices ('Byssoloma type' in Hafellner (1984)), pyriform or oblong conidia, and mainly transversely 1-7-septate ascospores, sometimes up to 19(-23)-septate in some species (Sérusiaux 1993;Lücking 2008). ...
A new species, Byssoloma orientale K. Miyaz. & Y. Ohmura, is described from East Asia. It is characterized by a minutely farinose light green thallus, apothecia with a well-developed byssoid margin that spreads laterally over the thallus surface, a pure black apothecial disc caused by the presence of an aeruginous pigment in the epithecium, (7–)9–12(–17)-septate cylindrical colourless ascospores, and oblong conidia. This species grows on living leaves as well as on tree bark. The molecular phylogenetic position of B. orientale within this genus was inferred based on mtSSU sequences, and the species was shown to be closely related to B. vanderystii , which has up to 7-septate ascospores and an absence of aeruginous pigment in the epithecium.
... Ropalospora viridis (Tønsberg) Tønsberg is another typically corticolous species that rarely grows on rocks and then can resemble B. fuscoviridis, but the soralia are erumpent in that species and it differs chemically in the production of perlatolic acid, so has an UVþ blue-white thallus (Tønsberg 1992;Lendemer 2011 (Harris and Lendemer 2009). However, those taxa differ in the production of goniocysts or blastidia rather than the punctate to irregularly elongate soralia of B. fuscoviridis (Ekman 1996;Harris and Lendemer 2009). Because of their intense green coloration and thalli formed of minute goniocysts, members of the Micarea prasina Fr. group also resemble B. fuscoviridis to some degree in the field, although these only rarely grow directly on rock and the thalli are uniform in color as well as frequently fertile (Barton and Lendemer 2014;Launis et al. 2019). ...
Bilimbia fuscoviridis (≡ Bacidia fuscoviridis) is newly reported from North America where it is shown to be widespread in the temperate eastern United States and adjacent Canada, frequently occurring on shaded calcareous rocks and siliceous rocks in humid habitats near waterways. A detailed description on the basis of North American material is provided, the distribution is mapped, and color photographs are provided. The species is likely common but overlooked because of its inconspicuous appearance and the absence of diagnostic secondary metabolites.
... 2(Nash et al., 2004); Lichens of Asia(Jørgensen, 2000(Jørgensen, , 2001(Jørgensen, , 2002(Jørgensen, , 2003(Jørgensen, , 2004 lichens of Brazil(Cáceres, 2007); foliilcolous lichen flora of Neotropics(Lücking, 2008). Several other reversionary works on the genera-Haematomma(Staiger et al. 1995a;Kalb et al. 1995); Bacidia & Bacidina(Ekman, 1996); Pertusaria(Archer, 1997); Buellia(Marbach, 2000); Enterrographa(Sparius, 2004); Cryptothecia & Stirtonia (Wolseley & Aptroot, 2009); Schistophoron (Tehler, 2009); Stirtonia (Aptroot, 2009) and family Graphidaceae (Staiger, 2002; Archer, 2006, 2007; Lücking, 2009, Lücking, et al., 2009; Rivas Plata et al., 2010); Thelotremataceae (Frisch et al., 2006; Mangold et al. 2008), etc. In the light of these recent literature on lichens of the world, the lichens of the state could be studied in detail. ...
Towards the exploration, documentation, conservation and maintenance of biodiversity, Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), New Delhi, India (2009) recognizes several important thematic areas of research with special priority assigned to Northeast India, a world biodiversity hotspot (Myers et al., 2000). Among such thematic areas, Lichenology (study of lichens) is also selected as a gap area of study. This gap in the study of Indian lichens can be filled up to some extent if the lichens of Northeast India are fully explored. In this context, state wise selection of study site will be a wise step. Moreover, Convention on biological diversity (CBD, 1992) clearly states the need to identify all the organisms on the earth. Since lichens are highly sensitive to their environment, this group calls for immediate proper attention. The changes in climate, increased pollution, and habitat loss have direct impact on the diversity of lichens. Therefore, the need for a proper and speedy exploration of lichens of the state in detail is highlighted in the present paper with a review of the earlier work done on lichenology in India, Manipur and the world. The paper also discusses significance of lichen studies in Manipur and standard methodology of lichen identification and documentation.
Corticolous Bacidia and Bacidina species in The Netherlands.
An identification key and overview of the corticolous Bacidia and Bacidina species occurring in The Netherlands is presented.
Pictures of the thallus and apothecia are provided for most species, as well as detailed pictures of sections of apothecia and drawings of ascospores. Following the recent paper on Bacidina by Ekman (2023), the occurrence of Bacidina caerulea and Bacidina friesiana in The Netherlands is discussed. Bacidia circumspecta, Bacidia incompta and Bacidina phacodes were discovered on several new growth sites. Bacidia arceutina and Bacidia laurocerasi mainly inhabit young deciduous forests and are currently spreading rapidly.
Afshan, N., Fayyaz, I., Iftikhar, F., Niazi, A. R., Habib, K. & Khalid, A. N. 2023. A new species of the genus Bacidina (Ramalinaceae, Ascomycota) from Pakistan. – Herzogia 36: 470– 478.
Bacidina pakistanica from the Himalayan moist temperate forest in Pakistan is described as new to science. nrITS sequences confirm its position within the genus Bacidina and together with its morphology suggest that it is distinct from other species of this genus. The taxon is characterized by olive green to pale green thallus, purplish black to almost black apothecia, 0.7– 0.9 –1.3 –1.75 mm wide, a hymenium 65 – 80 µm high, 3 – 4 septate and large ascospores 28 –55 × 1.9 –3 µm. Also an updated key to Bacidina in Pakistan is provided.
Afshan, N., Fayyaz, I., Iftikhar, F., Niazi, A. R., Habib, K. & Khalid, A. N. 2023. Eine neue Art der Gattung Bacidina (Ramalinaceae, Ascomycota) aus Pakistan. – Herzogia 36: 470– 478.
Bacidina pakistanica aus dem himalajanischen feuchttemperierten Wald in Pakistan wird als neu für die Wissenschaft beschrieben. nrITS-Sequenzen bestätigen ihre Stellung innerhalb der Gattung Bacidina und weisen sie zusammen mit ihrer Morphologie als distinkte Art aus. Das Taxon ist charakterisiert durch einen olivgrünen bis blassgrünen Thallus, purpurschwarze bis fast schwarze Apothecien von 0.7– 0.9 –1.3 –1.75 mm Durchmesser, ein 65 – 80 µm hohes Hymenium, 3 – 4-septierte Ascosporen von 28 –55 × 1,9 –3 µm Länge. Ein aktualisierter Schlüssel für die Gattung Bacidina in Pakistan ist angefügt.
