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Wayfinding Design Guidelines
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... However, consistency in navigational signage used in the real world is also important to aid wayfinding in complex environments with multiple buildings. Apelt et al. [98] also recommended using consistent naming protocols for places with multiple buildings, such as educational institutions, although it is suggested to avoid alphanumeric coding as it is less memorable as compared to place names. However, it is also important to provide consistency within the alpha-numeric coding system (such as Room B3.7) when using it as a naming protocol. ...
... However, it is also important to provide consistency within the alpha-numeric coding system (such as Room B3.7) when using it as a naming protocol. Moreover, ensuring consistency in sign types is also important to identify and recognize signage, for example, consistent colors, logos, and typeface; consistent graphic layouts; consistent materials and construction; and consistent overall appearance [98]. In the present study, participants reported some challenges related to university signage issues highlighting inconsistency in naming, numbering, and labeling for rooms, floors, and buildings. ...
Wayfinding is important for everyone on a university campus to understand where they are and get to where they want to go to attend a meeting or a class. This study explores the dynamics of mobile navigation apps and the spatial ability skills of individuals on a wayfinding performance and perceived workload on a university campus wayfinding, including indoor-outdoor navigation, by focusing on three research objectives. (1) Compare the effectiveness of Google Maps (outdoor navigation app) and MazeMap (indoor-outdoor navigation app) on wayfinding performance and perceived workload in university campus wayfinding. (2) Investigate the impact of participants’ spatial ability skills on their wayfinding performance and perceived workload regardless of the used navigation app. (3) Highlight the challenges in indoor-outdoor university campus wayfinding using mobile navigation apps. To achieve this, a controlled experiment was conducted with 22 participants divided into a control (using Google Maps) and an experiment group (using MazeMap). Participants were required to complete a time-bound wayfinding task of navigating to meeting rooms in different buildings within the Gløshaugen campus of the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim, Norway. Participants were assessed on spatial ability tests, mental workload, and wayfinding performance using a questionnaire, observation notes and a short follow-up interview about the challenges they faced in the task. The findings reveal a negative correlation between overall spatial ability score (spatial reasoning, spatial orientation, and sense of direction) and perceived workload (NASA TLX score and Subjective Workload Rating) and a negative correlation between sense of direction score and total hesitation during wayfinding task. However, no significant difference was found between the Google Maps and the MazeMap group for wayfinding performance and perceived workload. The qualitative analysis resulted in five key challenge categories in university campus wayfinding, providing implications for designing navigation systems that better facilitate indoor-outdoor campus navigation.
... Environmental psychological studies have revealed the navigational function of spatial information (Arthur and Passini, 2002), as they suggest that well-designed spaces provide efficient cues inherent to the environment, which can guide people subconsciously while guaranteeing a smooth experience of wayfinding (cf., Raubal and Egenhofer, 1998;Apelt et al., 2007). These investigations have been followed by some studies conducted in terms of image choices, such as floor plans and virtual environment (VE) screenshots or photographs (Buchner et al., 2009;Frankenstein et al., 2010;Wiener et al., 2012), to explore the preference of the pathfinders of different spatial configuration attributes during an emergency (Veeraswamy et al., 2011;Vilar et al., 2013) or in a maze (Buchner et al., 2009;Frankenstein et al., 2010;Veeraswamy et al., 2011;Wiener et al., 2012;Hsieh et al., 2018;Süzer and Olguntürk, 2018). ...
... Unlike navigation, wayfinding is a daily life process that may be as simple as moving from room to room or as complicated as escaping from a building (Raubal and Egenhofer, 1998;Dogu and Erkip, 2000). Clear designs of wayfinding are intuitive and nonverbal and help users access various spaces within a building, thereby reducing stress and increasing efficiency (Apelt et al., 2007). This section presents a systematic review of indoor wayfinding design studies and divides wayfinding access into three dimensions: signage, decoration, and spatial configuration. ...
In retail space, wayfinding difficulties can cause problems, such as loss of time, stress, or discomfort, negatively affecting the shopping experience of consumers and even their patronage intentions. Although studies have reported that space configuration may facilitate navigation, there has been a lack of detailed discussion, particularly in underground malls, where people often encounter wayfinding issues. In this study, a series of exit-finding tasks in virtual malls were simulated to determine if it was practical to encourage turn taking by changing the corridor width, length, height, or angle. The results showed that people have a right-turn preference during exit finding. Moreover, exit-finders mostly prefer taking the upward pathway via stairs followed by corridors with broader widths or curved corners, exhibiting visible and similar navigation effects. Shorter corridors have a visible but relatively small affinity. This study provides some empirical evidence of how the corridor configuration influences the turn taking of people and provides a theoretical reference for adding a guiding function to the spatial arrangement in underground malls.
... Wayfinding behavior involve interactions between the traveller and the environment [8]. Wayfinding experience is measured by "how communicative elements facilitate getting from point A to B" [9]. According to Weisman [10], there were three characteristics of the built environment generally accepted to affect wayfinding-sign system, architectural differentiation and building plan configuration [10]. ...
... Wayfinding systems need to take account of communication needs of people with varying abilities in a built environment [9]. Lack of wayfinding information is a hidden barrier to universal access [13]. ...
This paper reports findings from semi-structured interviews conducted with local train commuters with different level of vision-full vision, low vision, no vision and different level of familiarity-first time, occasional, daily commute. The study had two objectives (1) to understand how the current train and station environment limit or support wayfinding of train commuters (2) to explore and compare the wayfinding experiences of people with different level of vision and familiarity with station use and local train travel. The findings from the study highlight ‘universal design’ considerations that should be taken to improve the wayfinding experience in the existing station and train environment for wider population.
... This part of the questionnaire is based on the Guideline of the Cooperative Research Center for Construction Innovation in Brisbane (Australia) [62], which is aimed at defining basic principles, solutions, and strategies of signposting design. By applying design principles that account for how people relate to the physical world, some criteria for proper signposting and wayfinding design were identified, and classification was proposed according to the objectives as follows: ...
Indoor built environments’ design and management require a holistic approach inspired by ergonomic principles and sustainability criteria. This is especially in case of renovation of existing buildings where any kind of intervention requires the direct feedback of occupants. This work deals with two aspects of these issues, often studied separately: the quality of interior spaces, in terms of Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ), and the quality of the architecture in terms of orientation and wayfinding. A methodology focused on the subjective evaluation of the IEQ giving relevance to users and their fruition needs is also proposed. Main findings from a specific subjective investigation carried out at the Fisciano Campus of the University of Salerno (Italy) demonstrate that the subjective approach is a valuable tool to make more sustainable intervention strategies. In this way, all multidisciplinary skills can be synergically involved in improving the livability of a complex reality as University Campuses are.
... In urban design elements, there is one sign or signage elements of architectural design as a form of information and orientation of the city[3]. Then role of wayfinding support in other sensory information, such as the shape of paving sidewalks, street lights, and vegetation can help users in the process of wayfinding[4]. 3rd International Conference of Planning in the Era of Uncertainty IOP Publishing IOP Conf. ...
Wayfinding is an activity related to the orientation and motion from first point to point of destination. Benefits of wayfinding in the area of education, namely as a means of helping direct a person to a destination so as to reduce the lostness and assist users in remembering the way through the role of space and objects wayfinding. Around 48% new students of University of Brawijaya (UB) 2015 that was ever lost when entering the campus. This shows the need for wayfinding concept to someone who was unfamiliar with the surrounding area as freshmen. This study uses mental map analysis to find the objects hierarchy wayfinding determination based on the respondents and the space syntax (visual graph analysis) as a hierarchy based on the determination of the configuration space. The overlay result say that hierarchy between both of analysis shows there are several objects which are potentially in wayfinding process on the campus of UB. The concept of wayfinding generate different treatment of the selected object based of wayfinding classification, both in maintaining the function of the object in space and develop the potential of the object wayfinding.
Wayfinding difficulties in healthcare facilities have been shown to increase anxiety among patients and visitors and reduce staff operational efficiency. Wayfinding-oriented interior design features have proven beneficial, but the evaluation of their performance is hindered by the unique nature healthcare facilities and the expense of testing different navigational aids. This study implemented a virtual-reality testing platform to evaluate the effects of different signage and interior hospital design conditions during navigational tasks; evaluated through behavioral responses and mobile EEG. The results indicated that using color to highlight destinations and increase the contrast of wayfinding information yielded significant benefits when combined with wayfinding-oriented environmental affordances. Neural dynamics from the occipital cortex showed beta-band desynchronization with enhanced color condition and additional theta-band desynchronization with enhanced environmental affordance. This multimodal testing platform has the potential to establish a robust body of evidence for future wayfinding design strategies.
This paper is a culmination of a three-phased research project which examined the lack of usability and effectiveness of wayfinding in complex, multi-building hospitals. Researchers evaluated multiple interfaces, such as wayfinding kiosks and mobile applications, using various human factors methods. Results indicate that this problem is multi-faceted and wayfinding solutions must consider the other available aids in the environment. Incorporation of user centered design principles and requirements for the inclusion of end users in the development of wayfinding aids are needed. Beyond usability, the key learning is that wayfinding systems cannot be created in a vacuum, rather the interfaces, the placement of signage and systems, and the environment of the hospital must be considered. The wayfinding kiosk and application information should complement environmental information such as color coding, graphics, landmarks, room and elevator labeling and signage. To this end, we have included design guidelines to aid in successful wayfinding.
Purpose
To understand the impact of wayfinding challenges on patient hospital visitation experience, organizational costs, and emerging technology trends that may alleviate wayfinding challenges.
Design
A review of literature on the relationship of wayfinding to patient's hospital visitation experience.
Methods
A literature search identifying issues associated with wayfinding challenges in complex health care facilities was conducted. Case examples are provided to illustrate that the removal of barriers can improve the wayfinding experience. This review also informs technology trends that may effectively facilitate wayfinding in complex health care facilities.
Findings
Large hospital complexes exhibit many characteristics comparable to the physical features of a city environment. These complexities present challenges to patients to navigate to their destinations. An effective wayfinding system is a collection of tools that combines permanent signage, printed information, landmarks, architectural features and design elements, and human interactions. Navigational technology modeling holds the promise to aid patients and individuals with visual and cognitive challenges to find their way to their desired destinations effectively and efficiently, and improves their quality of life.
Conclusions
Improved patient travel time correlates to reduce idled nursing time, with cost savings accrued to organization. Research shows that wayfinding mobile applications hold the promise of improving patients' hospital visitation experience.
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