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∂¶∂Δ∏ƒπ™
ª√À™∂π√À
°√À§∞¡¢ƒ∏
ANNALES
MUSEI
GOULANDRIS
11 – 2006 •KIFISSIA GREECE
∂¶∂Δ∏ƒπ™ 11 – 2006 ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS
ISSN 0302-1033
ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS
Vol. 11 – 2006
Contents
Index Novitatum ........................................................................................................... 8
William Thomas Stearn (1911-2001) ......................................................................... 9-16
The Goulandris Natural History Museum, GAIA Centre 1999 - 2006 ................... 17-33
Preface .......................................................................................................................... 35-36
Botany
Christensen, K.I. - Salix xanthicola (Salicaceae) – distribution, ecology
and relationships ................................................................................................... 37-79
Burton, R.- A new subspecies of Allium circinnatum Sieber (Alliaceae)
from S.W. Turkey .................................................................................................. 81-84
Snogerup, S., Snogerup B., Stamatiadou E., R.von Bothmer & Gustafsson M.
- Flora of Andros ................................................................................................... 85-270
Yannitsaros A.& Bazos I. – Ibicella (Stapf) Van Eseltine A genus of
the American family Martyniaceae new for Greece ........................................... 271-279
Zoology
Dimaki, M. & Tylionakis, J. - A catalogue of the G.P. Moazzo collection
in the Goulandris Natural History Museum. Part I ........................................... 281-287
Tylionakis, J.& Dimaki, M. - A catalogue of the G.P.Moazzo collection
in the Goulandris Natural History Museum. Part II ......................................... 289-296
Lane, A.C.& Alivizatos., H. - Additional data on the bat species (Chiroptera:
Rhinolophidae and Vespertilionidae) of the island of Thasos,
north-eastern Greece ............................................................................................ 297-301
Vicidomini, S. - Distribuzione della tribúXylocopini (Hymenoptera, Apidae,
Xylocopinae) in Grecia. I. Materiale conservato nelle collezioni
entomologiche italiane. II. Due species africane signelate sull’Isole di Zante.
III. Xylocopa (Xylocopa) violacea (Linne, 1758). var. nov. funereipennis ......... 303-319
Palaeontology
Dell’Angelo, B. & Vardala-Theodorou, E.-Pleistocene Polyplacophoran
species from Perachora Peninsula (Corinth, Greece) ....................................... 321-339
Book Reviews
Flora Hellenica, vols 1 - 2 (Strid A., & Tan, K. 1997, 2002)
Endemic plants of Greece: the Peloponnese (Tan, K. & Iatrou, P. 2001)
Flora of Egypt, vols 1 - 3 (Boulos, 1999, 2000, 2002) ................................................ 341-346
Date of Publication of volume 10 was October 1999
Published by the Goulandris Natural History Museum
Levidou 13, Kifissia (Greece)
EpetirisGoulandri2007Ex 6-03-07 11:24 ™ÂÏ›‰·1
PUBLICATIONS OF THE GOULANDRIS NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM
1. ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS. Vol. 1; 262 pages; 1973. Vol. 2; 182 pages; 1975.
Vol. 3; 180 pages; 1977. Vol. ;. 310 pages; 1978. Vol. 5; 213 pages; 1982. Vol. 6; 335 pages;
1983. Vol. 7; 384 pages; 1986. Vol. 8; 472 pages; 1990. Vol. 9; 530 pages; 1995. Vol. 10;
330 pages; 1999.
2. WILD FLOWERS OF GREECE. Illustrations painted by Niki Goulandris. Text by
C.Goulimis and W.T. Stearn. 244 pages; 103 coloured plates. 1968. (out of print).
3. ORCHIDS OF GREECE AND CYPRUS. By Gerd Hermjacob. Part 1, The Genus
Ophrys, 33 coloured plates. 1974. (out of print).
4. WILD FLOWERS OF MOUNT OLYMPUS. By Arne Strid. 217 full-page plates, each
with 2-7 colour photographs. Full botanical descriptions and keys to genera and species.
5. PEONIES OF GREECE. A portofolio containing twelve full page plates (69x50 cm) of
Greek Peonies, drawn by Niki Goulandris and lithographed by hand by T. Katsoulidis. A
magnificent publication limited to 500 hand-numbered copies and signed by the artist, 1984.
6. PEONIES OF GREECE. By W.T. Stearn and P.H.Davis. 130 pages. A taxonomic and
historical survey of the genus Paeonia in Greece; 178 coloured plates; 1984.
7. ∂§§∏¡π∫∞ ¢∞™∏ (FORESTS OF GREECE). p. 92. A historical survey, the present
situation, threats and perspectives. 62 colour plates, 1989.
8. ∫∞Δ∞§√°√™ Δø¡ √¡√ª∞Δø¡ Δø¡ ¶√À§πø¡ Δ∏™ ∂§§∞¢√™. List of the
Greek names of the birds of Greece, 1988.
9. A DESCRIPTIVE LEXICON OF THE BIRDS OF GREECE. 447 pages, 8 coloured
plates, 415 black and white illustrations with descriptions, 1993.
10. MUSHROOMS IN THE FORESTS OF GREECE. By M. Pantidou, 250 plates (colour)
with descriptions, 1992.
11. SHELLS FROM THE GREEK SEAS. ∫√ÃÀ§π∞ ∞¶√ Δπ™ ∂§§∏¡π∫∂™
£∞§∞™™∂™. 320 pages. A selection of 330 species (colour) with description, Checklist
of 940 species, 1994 & 2001.
12. Δ∞ ∂ƒ¶∂Δ∞ ™Δ∏¡ ∂§§∞¢∞ ∫∞π ™Δ∏¡ ∫À¶ƒ√ (REPTILES IN GREECE AND
CYPRUS). A field guide by A. Dimitropoulos and Y.Ioannides. 30 colour plates, 39
pages with coloured photographs. More than 30 line drawings accompanying the text.
(280 pages), 2002.
13. ∫ƒπ™πª∞ ¶ƒ√μ§∏ª∞Δ∞. ∞¡£ƒø¶√™ ∫∞π ¶∂ƒπμ∞§§√¡ ™Δ√¡ 21 ∞πø¡∞.
(CRUCIAL ISSUES. MAN AND ENVIRONMENT AT THE 21th CENTURY). Fold-
er containing 18 leaflets on Man and the Environment, 2005.
14. ∂§§∏¡π∫√π À°ƒ√Δ√¶√π (GREEK WETLANDS) . In collaboration with the Muse-
um, the Greek centre for Biotopes and Wetlands, and the Commercial Bank. 386 pages,
1996.
15. RELIEF MAP OF GREECE, 1995.
16. √ƒÀ∫Δ∞ ¶∂Δƒøª∞Δ∞ ∫∞π ¶√§πΔπ™ª√™. (MINERALS, ROCKS AND
CIVILIZATION) 220 pages, 2005.
17. ºøΔπ∞ ™Δ∏ £∞§∞™™∞ (FIRE IN THE SEA) 290 pages, in preparation.
EpetirisGoulandri2007Ex 6-03-07 11:24 ™ÂÏ›‰·2
Annales
Musei
Goulandris
11, 2006
goulandri003s010 6-03-07 11:37 ™ÂÏ›‰·3
Editors:
CHRIS BRICKELL
JOHN AKEROYD
Mailing address:
THE EDITOR, ANNALES
GOULANDRIS NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM
LEVIDOU 13 & OTHONOS 100
145 62 KIFISSIA
ATHENS - GREECE
E-mail: goul@gnhm.gr
Supervision:
VASSO KOUSSOULA
E-mail: vkous@gnhm.gr
4 ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS 11, 2006
Published by the Goulandris Natural History Museum
Kifissia (Greece)
LIVANI PUBLISHING ORGANIZATION S.A.
This volume is published with the generous financial support of
Mr. Theodore Papalexopoulos and the significant contribution of
Mrs Karen Knight.
Dr. Chris Brickell and Dr. John Akeroyd have undertaken the editing.
We owe them a huge debt of thanks.
goulandri003s010 6-03-07 11:37 ™ÂÏ›‰·4
Annales
Musei
Goulandris
11, 2006
Kifissia 2006
Contributiones ad historiam naturalem graeciae et regionis
mediterraneae a Museo Goulandris historiae naturalis editae.
™˘Ì‚ÔÏ‹ ÛÙË Ê˘ÛÈ΋ ÈÛÙÔÚ›· Ù˘ EÏÏ¿‰Ô˜ Î·È Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜
Ù˘ MÂÛÔÁ›Ԣ. ŒÎ‰ÔÛË ÙÔ˘ MÔ˘Û›Ԣ °Ô˘Ï·Ó‰Ú‹ º˘ÛÈ΋˜
IÛÙÔÚ›·˜.
goulandri003s010 6-03-07 11:37 ™ÂÏ›‰·5
6 ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS 11, 2006
goulandri003s010 6-03-07 11:37 ™ÂÏ›‰·6
Contents
Index Novitatum ........................................................................................................... 8
William Thomas Stearn (1911-2001) ......................................................................... 9-16
The Goulandris Natural History Museum, GAIA Centre 1999 - 2006 ................... 17-33
Preface .......................................................................................................................... 35-36
Botany
Christensen, K.I. - Salix xanthicola (Salicaceae) – distribution, ecology
and relationships ................................................................................................... 37-79
Burton, R.- A new subspecies of Allium circinnatum Sieber (Alliaceae)
from S.W. Turkey .................................................................................................. 81-84
Snogerup, S., Snogerup B., Stamatiadou E., R.von Bothmer & Gustafsson M.
- Flora of Andros ................................................................................................... 85-270
Yannitsaros A.& Bazos I. – Ibicella (Stapf) Van Eseltine A genus of
the American family Martyniaceae new for Greece ........................................... 271-279
Zoology
Dimaki, M. & Tylionakis, J. - A catalogue of the G.P. Moazzo collection
in the Goulandris Natural History Museum. Part I ........................................... 281-287
Tylionakis, J.& Dimaki, M. - A catalogue of the G.P.Moazzo collection
in the Goulandris Natural History Museum. Part II ......................................... 289-296
Lane, A.C.& Alivizatos., H. - Additional data on the bat species (Chiroptera:
Rhinolophidae and Vespertilionidae) of the island of Thasos,
north-eastern Greece ............................................................................................ 297-301
Vicidomini, S. - Distribuzione della tribúXylocopini (Hymenoptera, Apidae,
Xylocopinae) in Grecia. I. Materiale conservato nelle collezioni
entomologiche italiane. II. Due species africane signelate sull’Isole di Zante.
III. Xylocopa (Xylocopa) violacea (Linne, 1758). var. nov. funereipennis ......... 303-319
Palaeontology
Dell’Angelo, B. & Vardala-Theodorou, E.-Pleistocene Polyplacophoran
species from Perachora Peninsula (Corinth, Greece) ....................................... 321-339
Book Reviews
Flora Hellenica, vols 1 - 2 (Strid A., & Tan, K. 1997, 2002)
Endemic plants of Greece: the Peloponnese (Tan, K. & Iatrou, P. 2001)
Flora of Egypt, vols 1 - 3 (Boulos, 1999, 2000, 2002) ................................................ 341-346
°OY§AN¢PH™ 7
goulandri003s010 6-03-07 11:37 ™ÂÏ›‰·7
Index Novitatum
PLANTAE Pages
Salix Sect. xanthicola K.I. Christensen .............................................................37
Allium circinnatum subsp. evae R.M. Burton ..................................................81
ANIMALIA
Xylocopa violacea var. funereipennis S.Vicidomini ........................................315
8 ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS 11, 2006
Date of Publication of volume 10 was October 1999
Date of Publication of volume 11 was December 2006
goulandri003s010 6-03-07 11:37 ™ÂÏ›‰·8
TO THE MEMORY
OF
PROFESSOR WILLIAM T. STEARN
1911 – 2001
HONORARY EDITOR OF ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS
1976 – 99
COMMANDER OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE
COMMANDER OF THE ORDER OF THE NORTHERN STAR
goulandri003s010 6-03-07 11:37 ™ÂÏ›‰·9
goulandri003s010 6-03-07 11:37 ™ÂÏ›‰·10
William Thomas Stearn (1911-2001)
Professor William T. Stearn, a name that is familiar to all readers of Annales
Musei Goulandris, died on 9 May 2001 at Kew, London, shortly after his 90th
birthday. He long enjoyed a close association with the Goulandris Natural His-
tory Museum, editing the Museum’s journal and other publications for 25
years, and being responsible in a large part for establishing the international
reputation of Annales Musei Goulandris.
Perhaps the greatest botanical scholar of the 20th century, Stearn was born
in Cambridge, England, on 16 April 1911, the eldest of the four sons of a
coachman. He won a scholarship to Cambridge and Country School for Boys,
where the biology teacher encouraged his interest in natural history and
plants. He was secretary of the school’s natural history society, and during
school holidays he would explore the hedges and waysides of his uncle’s farm
in Suffolk, south – east of Cambridge. At that time he was apparently looking
for birds rather than flowers. However he had clearly developed a strong inter-
est in botany at an early age.
After leaving school, aged 19 he became an apprentice to a well known
Cambridge antiquarian bookseller, Bowes and Bowes, as his by then widowed
mother was unable to afford to send him to university and no grants were
available in those days.
Nevertheless, while still in his teens, he established what would prove to be
a lifelong link with the University of Cambridge, and taught himself not only
Botany but also ancient Greek, Latin and German in his spare time. Later
he learned Swedish and other European languages and during the 1930’s he
travelled across in Europe to visit research institutes and to expand both his
contacts with European botanists and knowledge of plants in the field. From
the start, the history of Botany fascinated him, and he obviously felt a special
affinity with the classical world of ancient Greece and Rome. He would study
goulandri011s036 6-03-07 11:37 ™ÂÏ›‰·11
in the herbarium of the Botany School in Downing Street during his lunch –
hour, and was a frequent visitor to the Cambridge University Botanic Gar-
den. The Curator of the Herbarium, John S.L. Gilmour, a legendary figure in
Cambridge botanical circles encouraged him to carry out botanical research,
as did Professor A.C. Seward, who allowed him full access to Botany School
facilities and the University Library. This was a period when botany flour-
ished at Cambridge, both in the Botany School and in the Botanic Garden,
then under the benevolent and scholarly influence of its young Director,
Humphrey Gilbert – Carter, who inspired generations of students to appreci-
ate living plants. Here Stearn developed his love and considerable knowledge
of cultivated plants.
Aged just 18, Stearn published his first scientific paper, about the fungal
disease peronospera corollae on the flowers of Campanula pusilla. A year later
he published his first new plant species, in Journal of Botany 68: 342 (1930),
appropriately in view of some of his later research, Allium farreri from China.
It soon became clear to many prominent plantsmen that here was a young man
of extraordinary ability with a love and thirst for knowledge of books, botany
and botanical personalities. In 1933 the Royal Horticultural Society, (RHS)
appointed Stearn as their Librarian, on the recommendation of famous horti-
culturist and philanthropist E.A. Bowles. Dr Max Walters has pointed out that
Gilmour, a man who happily bridged the divide that so often exists between
botany and horticulture, was instrumental too in securing this appointment.
Stearn established a close friendship and professional collaboration with
Bowles – who did much to encourage many able young men of limited finan-
cial means to achieve successful and rewarding careers. Stearn and Bowles
published joint papers on Anemone, and Stearn was one of the last visitors to
the old man just before his death (see Mea Allan, E.A Bowles and his garden
at Myddelton House 1865 – 1954, Faber & Faber, 1973). In 1930 Stearn par-
ticipated in the International Botanic Congress held that year in Cambridge,
the first of many such international meeting that he would attend.
By the time Stearn had moved to the RHS, he had already begun to com-
pile a monograph on Epimedium and Vancouveria (Berberidaceae), temperate
genera of woodland perennials, published in 1938. He successfully returned to
these taxa in old age. Alongside Epimedium, an ambitious project for so young
a man. He was also by then studying onions and garlics (Allium) on a world-
wide basis, a lifetime’s work that became the basis of a monographic account
of Allium in Europe that he published in Annales Musei Goulandris 4: 83-198
12 ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS 11. 2006
goulandri011s036 6-03-07 11:37 ™ÂÏ›‰·12
(1978). ∏e was already busily researching dates of publication of older botan-
ical works, in order to help to stabilize plant names.
In 1940 he married Eldwyth Ruth Alford, who was a constant support in so
many ways throughout his long career. They would have one son and two
daughters, and Stearn was always a very devoted family man. During World
War II, as a member of the non-conformist, pacifist Quaker church, Stearn
served (1941-46) in the Medical Corps of the Royal Air Force, mostly in India
and Burma. At the end of the war he returned to the RHS, where he and
Patrick Synge completed the four – volume RHS Dictionary of Gardening,
published in 1951. This increased an already extensive knowledge of garden
and wild plants. Stearn would observe humorously and self – deprecatingly
that, having been brought in at volume 4, near the end of the project, he was “a
peculiar authority” on plants that had names beginning with the letters S to Z!
Another important collaboration at this time was with the schoolmaster
and noted art historian Wilfred Blunt on The Art of Botanical Illustration
(1950). After Blunt’s death, Stearn revised and expanded the book in a second
edition (1994).
Partly through the good offices of E.A. Bowles, Stearn represented the
RHS at the 1950 International Botanical Congress at Stockholm. Introducing
a new concept, the “cultivar”, he drafted the first International Code of Nomen-
clature for Cultivated Plants, published in 1953. He later became a Vice – pres-
ident of the RHS, and was always closely involved in the Society’s activities. In
1952 Stearn joined the staff of the Botany Department of the British Museum
(Natural History) in London, now the Natural History Museum, where he
remained until his retirement in 1976. He continued to publish profusely, on
an astonishing variety of subjects, including major contributions to the Floras
of Jamaica and Nepal. Throughout this period he enjoyed a close association
with the Linnean Society of London. Elected a Fellow (or FLS) in 1934, he
served the Society as Botanical Curator (1959-85) and President (1979-82).
Stearn was an industrious scholar, a natural writer and a prolific author,
who produced some 500 botanical and related but diverse publications. He
was the author of books, papers on taxonomy and nomenclature, taxonomic
monographs, Flora accounts, semi – popular articles and book reviews.
Although a botanist of the old school, who always wrote with a fountain pen,
Stearn was receptive to modern scientific methods and himself employed
numerical taxonomy in the 1960’s on revisions of Jamaican species of Allo-
plectus, Columnea and Oplonia. He wrote widely and extensively on wild and
WILLIAM THOMAS STEARN (1911-2001) 13
goulandri011s036 6-03-07 11:37 ™ÂÏ›‰·13
cultivated, temperate and tropical plants, the life and works of Carl Linnaeus,
and all aspects of botanical history. Notably he revived a so – called dead lan-
guage in four lively editions of Botanical Latin (1966-92). He designed the
book to help students, although it has become one of the standard texts of
plant taxonomy. It not only explains and teaches Latin but provides much
information on descriptive botanical terminology. This unique, most readable
book was undoubtedly Stearn’s “finest hour”. However, several commentators
might nominate his 1957 edition of Linnaeus’ Species Plantarum for the Ray
Society. Its remarkable 176-page historical introduction brilliantly encapsu-
lates what we know about Linnaeus and the way in which he went about his
work to classify the Plant Kingdom. These two books alone represent a
remarkable service to botanists.
From 1976, when he retired – “retirement” was purely formal, for he
worked on for another quarter century! – Stearn was in great demand to pro-
vide texts for prestigious books on botanical illustration. One of his most
accessible and useful works is Stearn’s Dictionary of Plant Names (1992, with
a revised edition in 1996), a fund of information for both professional and
non-professional botanists and gardeners. Aged 88, when most men would be
happy to have ceased work, he produced a bicentennial volume of the great
19
th
century horticultural taxonomist John Lindley. At the time of his death he
was still examining specimens to complete an updated account of Epimedium,
the subject of his very first monograph, now published posthumously. In addi-
tion to the Linnean Society of London, he served as President of the Garden
History Society and the Ray Society. From the first he had always thrown him-
self actively into the botanical and horticultural worlds. He was a familiar and
most approachable figure in the Linnean Society’s rooms, at Kew and at many
conferences, where he could be relied upon to contribute all manner of infor-
mation or comments, formally or informally. He received numerous honours
and awards for his many services to plant taxonomy, including Commander of
the Swedish Order of the Star of the North (1980) and Commander of the Bri-
tish Empire (1997). Among other awards, Stearn received the Linnean Soci-
ety’s Medal for Botany, the Linnaeus Medal of the Royal Swedish Academy of
Sciences, the RHS Veitch Medal and Victoria Medal of Honour, the Asa Gray
Award of the American Association of Plant Taxonomists and the Engler
Medal of the International Association of Plant Taxonomy. He was visiting
Professor at the Universities of Cambridge and Reading, England and
received Honorary Doctorates from Cambridge, Leiden and Uppsala.
14 ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS 11. 2006
goulandri011s036 6-03-07 11:37 ™ÂÏ›‰·14
During the last 30 or so years of his life, Stearn became especially associ-
ated with botany in Greece. Familiar with the ancient and the modern lan-
guage, he studied both the country’s rich flora and the Greek botanists them-
selves – from ancient philosophers and herbalists such as Theophrastus,
“father of botany”, and Pedanios Dioscoridis to 20
th
century naturalists such
as Marietta Pallas and Sophia Topali. In 1967 he met Angelos and Niki
Goulandris and responded with characteristic enthusiasm and practical help
for their new Museum in Kifisia. In 1968, for the Goulandris Museum’s hand-
some and prestigious Wild Flowers of Greece, he edited the text by Constantine
Goulimis that accompanies the famous set of illustrations by Niki Goulandris.
Later, with Professor Peter Davis, he wrote Peonies of Greece (1984), a taxo-
nomic and historical account of one of the jewels of the Greek flora, illustrat-
ed with more of Niki Goulandris’ colour drawings.
From 1976 Stearn edited eight volumes of Annales Musei Goulandris, con-
tributing himself many important and interesting botanical and historical
papers, all displaying his formidable range of expertise. Ruth Stearn as ever
helped and supported him in this work. She accompanied him on his visits to
Athens to edit the Annales, and compiled the Index to volumes 7-10. Another
successful venture into Greek botany was his expanded English edition of
Hellmut Baumann’s Greek Wild flowers and Plant Lore in ancient Greece
(1986) on which he again collaborated with his wife. The book combines his
many interests and stands as a worthy and appropriate memorial to Stearn.
We all have many fond memories of this remarkable man, whom I first met
in Cambridge when I was a research student. He identified some specimens I
had collected in Greece, and from then on over the next 25 years he was always
on hand to provide vital pieces of information and to share his many enthusi-
asms. I remember him in 1982 admitting me with a handshake and the formal
words of welcome as a Fellow of the Linnean Society. For the occasion he had
donned an antique tricorn hat that symbolized both his respect for history and
puckish sense of fun! And I remember at an 1986 conference in Edinburgh
where he sought out a portrait of the polymath biologist D’Arcy Wentworth
Thompson, gathered up some of us younger botanists, and delivered an
impromptu lecture on the staircase beneath the portrait. I remember espe-
cially a happy afternoon spent with him at Down House in June 1998,
researching an article on the home life of Charles Darwin. He guided me and
a friend around Darwin’s old house and garden, gently instructing us in every
aspect of the great man, his life’s work, his family and household. It was as if
WILLIAM THOMAS STEARN (1911-2001) 15
goulandri011s036 6-03-07 11:37 ™ÂÏ›‰·15
we were being introduced to an old Stearn family friend! For, perhaps above
all his other talents, teaching was William Stearn’s greatest gift.
Genial, humorous, kind, courteous and always generous with his time and
extensive knowledge of so many things, Professor Stearn will be much missed
by his many friends and colleagues in Britain, Greece and worldwide. In an
age when traditional scholarship is sometimes ignored or reviled, he was wide-
ly admired throughout the botanical and horticultural scientific communities
and well beyond. He has left us with an immense body of solid published infor-
mation. He pursued botanical science with rigour, but was always prepared to
explain everything to gardeners and non-professionals. He wore that great
intellect and immense erudition lightly, and we are all richer for his decades of
diligent scholarship, his infectious enthusiasm, and his lively, warm, friendly
persona. He is greatly missed.
John Akeroyd
16 ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS 11. 2006
goulandri011s036 6-03-07 11:37 ™ÂÏ›‰·16
HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION
The Goulandris Natural History Museum (ª√À™∂π√¡ °√À§∞¡¢ƒ∏
ºÀ™π∫∏™ π™Δ√ƒπ∞™) is situated at Levidou Street 13 (§∂μπ¢√À 13) in
Kifissia (∫∏ºπ™π∞), 14.5 kilometres north-north-east of the Parthenon in
Athens. Direct trains connect Kifissia with the Omonia Station in Athens;
there is also a bus service from Athens. It stands in a upland area the very
ancient township (¢‹ÌÔ˜) of Cephisia (∫ËÊÈÛÈ¿), where in the first century
A.D. wealthy Athenian and Roman families had their favourite summer resi-
dences. Last century the area returned to favour, being higher, and, in sum-
mer, averaging 10 o cooler than Athens, it accordingly became the summer
resort especially of wealthy Greeks in the Egyptian cotton trade. To escape the
heat of Alexandria and Cairo they built here a diversity of grand, imposing
houses with large gardens, many now replaced by modern blocks of flats.
Formerly one of these private palatian residences, the elegant building of
neo-classical style which has become the Goulandris Natural History Museum
was erected in 1875 but has been completely adapted and extended during the
last thirty years for scientific and educational purposes. It was in a derelict state
and had been unoccupied for some years before being acquired in 1963 by
Angelos and Niki Goulandris. Thus they saved it from the ruin and demolition
which has been the fate of so many of the grandiose 19
th
century residences of
Kifissia. Their intent from the beginning was to convert the building into a
museum for the public which would be aesthetically pleasing and educationally
and scientifically valuable. It now contains well – equipped research laborato-
ries, a large herbarium, extensive entomological, ornithological, malacological,
palaeontological and geological collections, a lecture theatre, library and exhibi-
tion galleries. The Museum’s publications have gained international respect and
esteem. The work of renovation, adaptation and extension of the original build-
ings was designed by Angelos Goulandris and carried out under his supervision.
goulandri011s036 6-03-07 11:37 ™ÂÏ›‰·17
Without formality, on 1 May 1974 the Goulandris Natural History Muse-
um opened its doors to the general public for the first time. The first few visi-
tors wondered about the contents of the natural history museum, since in
Greece a museum had always denoted a collection of archaeological, histori-
cal or art material. This new Museum was thus unique in Greece and has so
remained. It was the first museum in Greece to run a programme of environ-
mental education for the public. The displays in the first galleries, Botanical
and Entomological, being carefully planned and beautifully executed, caught
the attention of visitors who had never before seen anything like them. Behind
the concept of the Museum was and remains the belief of Angelos and Niki
Goulandris that the preservation of the rich and endangered natural heritage
of Greece must be based on knowledge and education. The Museum thus has
aimed at making the Greeks generally aware of the too little appreciated nat-
ural history resources of their homeland and to invite help in conservation, in
other words, to take on a responsibility in defence of natural resources against
the ever present danger of irreparable loss.
Founded in 1963 as the Goulandris Botanical Museum, based around the
herbarium bequeathed by Contrantine Goulimis (1886-1963) as its first major
collection, it was intended initially to be a botanical institution for the
encouragement of taxonomic and phytogeographical research and the expan-
sion of botanical knowledge among the public in Greece. The botanical dis-
plays were created with the collaboration of the British Museum (Natural
History). In 1973 it became the Goulandris Natural History Museum, activi-
ties having extended into the field of zoology and geology. A notable event
that year was the publication of the first volume of the periodical Annales
Musei Goulandris under the editorship of Werner Greuter. The quality of
contributions soon made the Museum internationally known. In 1976 the
Malacological Gallery was added, the beauty and diversity of shells being
hitherto unsuspected by most visitors. A new extension of 1500 sq. m. built in
1980 provided space for the Geological Collection and in 1981 the Palaeon-
tological Gallery was opened. There followed in 1983 the Bird and Mammal
Gallery. In 2001 the Gaia Centre considerably expanded the Museum’s
capacity (see below).
The Museum, as the only institution in Greece exhibiting such collection to
the public, aims to present them attractively making them as informative as
possible. In consequence more than 1.600.000 people, an impressive number
for Greece, have entered the Museum. Foreign visitors and, to our gratifica-
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tion, especially those from similar institutions, have already expressed their
appreciation of the Museum’s achievements.
This appreciation was expressed officially by the European Museum of the
Year Award for 1983 given under the auspices of the Council of Europe.
In Greece itself the Museum received in 1978 the Silver Medal of the
Academy of Science of Athens for its contribution to national effort for the
protection of the natural environment and in 1990 the Onassis Foundation’s
International Prize.
The Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki gave a further testimony to the
importance of the Museum by conferring honorary doctorates of science upon
its two founders Angelos Goulandris and Niki Goulandris on 2 June 1988, in
recognition of their outstanding contribution to the protection of the natural
environment and its associated organisms.
Reports on the activities of the Museum from 1964 to 1990 are contained
in Annales Musei Goulandris 6: xiii-xxii (1983), 7: 12-15 (1985), 8: 10-32 (1990),
9: 9-26 (1995) and 10: 17-27 (1999).
FUNCTIONS
The Museum has two major functions:
a) Research. Current research within the Museum and through cooperation
with other institutions aims to enumerate and describe floristic and faunistic
as well as geological and palaentological specimens of the Balkan and Aegean
region with primary attention to those of Greece. The opening of the Gaia
Centre has provided facilities for research into oil, pharmaceutical plants
water and other aspects of the environment of Greece. Collaboration contin-
ues between the Museum and universities as well as other research institutions
on a wide range of projects including expeditions, field and laboratory studies,
publications etc.
b) Education. The Museum provides, through its lecturers, an educational
service for schools and colleges, Girl Guides and Boy Scouts, and for groups
of naturalists as well as for the general public. Aspects of plant and animal life
and the formation and structure of the earth are displayed in the beauty, the
evolution and the interrelationship of the living world. Information for the
public is given in Greek and English.
HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION 19
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VISITORS
Over 4 million visitors entered the Museum and the Gaia Center (since 2001)
70% of whom were school children.
Those figures do not include groups of visitors from the military, the police,
the fire brigade and various ministries, nor schools for the handicapped. Reg-
ular school visits are offered instruction from biology experts to suit the age of
the students, the aim being to familiarise young people with the functions of
the natural environment and the need to protect it.
Groups of “Friends of Museums” from abroad usually announce their
arrival in advance. The Museum offers them a guided tour, information,
advice and a reception. The “Friends of the Smithsonian” and the “Friends of
the American Museum of Natural History” are among the most frequent vis-
itors.
PUBLICATIONS
ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS
Annales Musei Goulandris is the Museum’s major scientific publication and
contains papers on botanical, zoological, biographical, palaentological and
ecological subjects, in English, French, German and Italian with Greek sum-
maries, relating primarily to Greece and the Eastern Mediterranean region
but also covering the Mediterranean as a whole with Greece included. It has
acquired international recognition from the quality and diversity of contribu-
tions by the Museum’s staff and by collaborative specialists in many countries.
Volumes 1-2 were edited by Werner Greuter, former Professor in Berlin –
Dahlem, and volumes 3-10 by the late Professor William T. Stearn, Kew. Tax-
onomic revisions and surveys of Greek living organisms are welcome.
Publication of the Annales has been as follows:
Vol. 1; 262 pages; May 1973
Vol. 2; 182 pages; June 1975
Vol. 3; 180 pages; May 1977
Vol. 4; 310 pages; November 1978
Vol. 5; 213 pages; June 1982
Vol. 6; 358 pages; December 1983
20 ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS 11. 2006
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Vol. 7; 383 pages; March 1986
Vol. 8; 472 pages; November 1990
Vol. 9; 529 pages; January 1995
Vol. 10; 330 pages; October 1999
These provide descriptions of 44 botanical and 52 zoological taxa new to
science, as well as records of numerous taxa not hitherto recorded from the
Greek area and thus indicating the need for further investigation. Details of
publications are noted under the accounts of the collections.
THE COLLECTIONS
The general aim of the Museum’s scientific departments is to discover as much
as possible about the natural history of groups of general or specific interest,
their identification and classification, with special reference to Greece and, of
course, to assemble and preserve as much material as possible for present and
future research. The collections have now reached a size and comprehensive-
ness that make their consultation essential in studies of Greek and Balkan
plants and certain groups of animals.
Botany
The herbarium assembled by Constantine N. Goulimis (1886-1963) and
bequeathed in 1963 comprised 26,000 gatherings of plant specimens. Between
1996 and 1997 about 2,200 specimens from Denmark, Greece and Poland have
been added. The museum holdings (including the Herbarium Goulimyi) num-
bers today over 80.000 specimens. The herbarium accordingly has become
extremely important for taxonomic study of the flora of Greece and the
Balkan Peninsula. The specimens have been used in the accounts of some gen-
era in Flora of Greece ant the Balkan Peninsula. The specimens have been
used in the accounts of some genera in Flora Europaea (1964-1980, 1993 cf.
Ann. Musei Goulandris 5: 123-129; 1982) ªountain Flora of Greece (1986-
1991) and individual taxonomic papers in scientific journals. They are also
being used in the preparation of the comprehensive Flora Hellenica of which
volume 1 has been published in 1997 and volume 2 in 2002. The devoted
methodical care of the herbarium by Miss Kiki Dimas, Mrs Elli Stamatiadou
HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION 21
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and Mr Dionissis Mermigkas has ensured that this extensive material is read-
ily available for consultation and research.
Within 2006 has been completed data base listing of the total of the Her-
barium’s specimens within the framework of the ‘Info Society’ project which is
supported by the European Union. 3500 plant specimens of special interest
have also been digitally photographed in high definition.
Entomology
The entomological activities of the Museum began in 1971. Since then
field work together with identification of specimens has increased the col-
lection greatly and now includes about 30.000 specimens belonging to 1000
species. The are mostly Lepidoptera; the rest belong to Coleoptera, Diptera,
Hymenoptera, Orthoptera, Odonata, Hemiptera, Demaptera, Ephe-
meroptera, Dictyoptera, Neuroptera and Trichoptera. Most of the speci-
mens have been collected in Greece; the remainder came from all over the
world.
On 16 October 1996 Dr. Theodora Petamidou gave the Museum her ento-
mological collection consisting of about 5,000 specimens mainly of Hye-
menoptera and Diptera from Daphni, Attiki. The entomological collections
have been enriched with new material offered by Mr. N. Dimou who offered
his butterfly collection, Mrs. H. Baltatzi who donated an assortment of insects,
and Mrs. C. Kartali-Moraiti who offered 30 arthropods, part of the natural his-
tory collections donated by the Moraiti School. Such gifts are naturally very
much appreciated.
Geology
The Geological Department started developing collections of Greek rocks
and minerals in polished sections.
The Department received a consignment of botanical material from the
excavations at Franchti (Argolid – Peloponnese) carried out by the American
School of Archaeology.
It also received the donation of a collection of marine fossils (echinoderms,
molluscs, branchiopods and fishes) together with plant fossils mainly from
Saudi Arabia by K.G. Theotokas.
In 2006, the Geology Department has received two important donations.
22 ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS 11. 2006
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The first donation, by Mr. Theodore Papalexopoulos, consists of 61 miner-
als from Lavrion, including a goetite, a glaucocerinite, a thoricosite, a serpierite
etc. This donation has considerably enriched the Museum’s mineral collection
and a digital color camer to be used by all the collections laboratories.
The second donation, by Dr. and Mrs. Erhart Ziegler, consists of a fossil of
Steneosaurus bollensis JAEGER, 220 cm in length, a fossil of Ichthyosaurus sp.
250 cm in length from the Lias E of Germany, and a mineral Quartz, 50 cm in
length from Germany.
Herpetology and Ornithology
Since 1984 the Museum showed a special interest in the investigation of the
native herpetofauna and the Herpetological department was created a little
after the Ornithological department was established and the first bird collec-
tions were obtained. A field guide book, concerning “The Reptiles of Greece
and Cyprus” was published in 2002. The authors Achilles Dimitropoulos and
Yiannis Ioannidis, present descriptions of every species of turtle, lizard and
snake found in Greece and Cyprus as well as an informative introduction to
this animal group. An emphasis is given to the aesthetic approach of the sub-
ject, with detailed colour plates and line drawings. Many local and ancient
names of reptiles are included together with Greek folklore associated with
these creatures. There are 39 colour plates, 110 colour photos of reptiles and
their habitats, as well as several line drawings.
Maria Dimaki and Yiannis Ioannidis continue the study which started in
1993 concerning the endemic Milos Viper Macrovipera schweizeri by partici-
pating to the project: “Protection and Promotion of the Habitats and Species
of the Milos island Natura 2000 area”. This project is implemented by the
Regional Development Agency of Cyclades S.A.
Maria Dimaki completed her research concerning the two chameleon
species occurring in Greece, Chamaeleo chamaeleo and Chamaeleo africanus.
The results of her research were published in scientific journals and present-
ed in congresses.
As a result of these studies, the Museum’s collections have been enriched
with numerous specimens of the rare reptile species Macrovipera schweizeri,
Chamaeleo chamaeleo, and Chamaeleo africanus.
Maria Dimaki is participating to bird ringing schemes since 2001 and has
made ringing expeditions to several areas of Greece (Antikythira, Lesvos,
HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION 23
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Evros delta, etc) and abroad (Poland, South England). These activities form a
part of cooperation with the Hellenic Bird Ringing Center and the Hellenic
Ornithological Society.
Mr. T. Papalexopoulos has donated a pair of binoculars to the department.
The Museum’s collections of reptiles and birds have been enriched through
donations. During this period, the relevant departments received the dona-
tions of collections by Mrs. Kartali-Moraiti who offered the whole natural his-
tory collection belonging to the Moraiti School (50 birds, 14 reptiles, 3 mam-
mals and 30 arthropods), Mrs. Kassimati-Polymenakou (30 birds, 5 reptiles
and 5 fish), Mr. M. Protopappas (100 reptile specimens) and Mrs. V. Philip-
patou (7 skins of African Rock Python). Additional specimens were donated
by Mr. T. Profantopoulos, Mrs. F. Akritidou-Gregoriadou, Mrs. Geor-
gopoulou, Mr. D. Skareas, and Mr. Voltis.
Recently obtained mammal specimens include a mounted Wolf offered by
Mr. K. Paraschos as well as Lion and Black Bear skins, donated by Mrs.
Themistokleous & Mrs. Georgopoulou respectively.
Marine Zoology (Mollusca)
The Malacological department was created in 1972 on the initiative of Mrs
Marianne Delamotte. The collections, already comprising about 15,000
marine specimens from Greek waters, were increased by 50,000 specimens
from all over the world by the gift of Mrs Tatiana Glyn-Jones, the daughter of
their collector, the Greek Conchologist and classical Scholar P.G. Moazzo
(1893-1975). Since then the collections have continued to increase by dona-
tions. Thus from 1995 until now they have included 280 sea shells, from all
over the world, by Mr C. Vlachopoulos, 150 species of shells from the Sea of
Japan collected by the marine biologist Maasaki Isida and presented by Mrs
M. Dimopoulou, and others by E. Tsemengi, Th. Georgiakos, G. Geor-
goulopoulos and P. Stamellos, A. Pesirides and L. Venizelou.
The department’s collections have been enriched with a collection of
sponges from the Aegean islands, offered by Mrs M. Delamotte.
Dr. Spyros Boyaros donated a collection of shells from the Black Sea, orig-
inally collected by Zoe Passa. Mrs A. Kroussaniotaki gave Sophia Livas, her
mother’s collection of shells in artistic arrangements.
The Museum also possesses the Tenekidis collection which was kindly
donated by his heirs.
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Nicholas Tenekidis was interested in the microcosm of seashells, which he
often studied at the Museum where he also participated in the collaborations
that had been developed with researchers abroad. His collection consists
mainly of Greek shells from the Saronic and Euboean gulfs, from parts of Pag-
asitikos, Thermaikos and Amvrakikos as well as from the Cycladic islands. His
collection contains some rare specimens which are mentioned in his book ‘A
collection of Greek shells’, published in 1989.
The main aim of the Department, for which Dr. Evi Vardala – Theodorou
is responsible, continues to be the study and recording of the mollusca of the
Greek seas. “A preliminary check-list of marine gastropods from Greece” by M.
Delamotte and E. Vardala – Theodorou was published in Annales Musei
Goulandris 9: 374-427 (1995). Their book «Conchilia apo tis Ellinikes Thalass-
es» (1994) has been updated and translated into English as “Shells from the
Greek Seas”» (2001) The 325 quarto – size pages with 360 coloured illustra-
tions, give the history, morphology, anatomy, ecology and distribution of 360
species with a check-list of 1100 species found in the Greek Seas.
Based on the collections several research programmes are being undertak-
en concerning both contemporary specimens and fossils, as well as specimens
from archaeological excavations in cooperation with Greek and foreign
Universities.
The findings are being published in scientific journals and are presented at
conferences, while the specimens are enriching the collections.
INFO SOCIETY
The project “Verification, Digitalization and Promotion of the Collections
of the Goulandris Natural History Museum” creates a complete system of
preservation, management and promotion of the specimens from the natural
environment of Greece that the Museum possesses in its Collections.
The project combines the scientific wealth of the Collections, the Data
Bases of the GAIA Centre, the environmental information (on a scientific as
well as on an educational level) provided by EKBY, as well as the material
from the Photography Archives and the Library.
A) ñ The digital conservation of specimens (7.000 digitalized specimens
and data entry of 92.500 specimens from the Collections of Botany,
Marine Biology, Biology, Mammals, Birds, Reptiles and Amphibians,
HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION 25
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Insects and Geology.
ñ The digitalization of photographic material (12.000 digitalizations of
photographs, slides) as well as digitalization of 20.000 pages of rare
and historic books, the Annales Musei Goulandris, 200 maps and
data entry of 65.000 lemmas from the Library.
B) ñ The development of a Portal (fully functional in both Greek and Eng-
lish) which makes use of the digitalized material and it is so designed
in order to promote environmental matters.
The project was financed by the Operational Programme “Information
Society” from the Third Community Framework.
Library/Presentation of South African Books by Mr. F.R. Sellman
In the Art of Botanical Illustration, New Edition (1994) W. Blunt and W.T.
Stearn state that “Among the more noteworthy twentieth-century achieve-
ments is the flowering of botanical art in South Africa. Few, if any, floristic
regions present the flower painter and botanical artist with a more colourful
and diverse array of flowers and plant forms than South Africa. It is thus very
appropriate that, through the outstanding generosity and enterprise of Mr.
Frederic R. Sellman, the Museum now possesses a superb collection of
numerous scientific publications of South African plants, most illustrated by
South African artists. These manifest not only the diversity of the flora: they
also manifest the skill of the artists in portraying them accurately and beauti-
fully. We are accordingly most grateful to Mr. Sellman for making such splen-
did works available in Greece together with a large number of South African
Zoological publications and rare works of early voyagers and explorers of
South Africa.
GREEK BIOTOPE / WETLANDS CENTRE
Greece has lost a large part of its natural biotopes during the 20th Centu-
ry. With regard to wetlands, two thirds of the wetland areas were lost though
drainage and those surviving are under threat despite their importance as nat-
ural, cultural, and economic assets of Greece and the European Union. A col-
lective effort by Greek and expatriate scientists, administrators and environ-
26 ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS 11. 2006
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mental organisations started in 1988 and led to the creation of the Greek
Biotope/Wetland Centre (EKBY) in 1991 whose general objective is to stop
and reverse the loss and degradation of biotopes/wetlands in Greece and the
Mediterranean region by undertaking activities on information, consultation,
management problem solving, public awareness, and training.
Since its establishment, EKBY has undertaken the inventory, monitoring
and management of wetlands and their catchments, support to the Greek
State on the establishment and operation of the NATURA 2000 Network in
Greece, the contribution to the management of natural resources, especially
water, the support to strategic planning and policy development (e.g. for wet-
lands conservation), research, training, public awareness and environmental
education.
EXPANSION OF THE MUSEUM: THE GAIA CENTRE
The most significant event in the recent history of the Goulandris Natural His-
tory Museum has been the opening of the GAIA Centre for Environmental
Research and Education in 2001. This impressive new building, which had
been under construction for four years, celebrates the new millennium and
marks an important expansion of the work of the Museum. The building is
equipped with extensive state-of -the-art facilities for scientific research and
public education, and it has added greatly to the space available for exhibits
and public education. Physically attached and intimately linked with the exist-
ing museum building, the GAIA Centre extends the mission of the Goulandris
Museum and complements the original vision of Mr. and Mrs. Goulandris to
initiate and develop a programme of research and action towards increased
knowledge, appreciation and conservation of the rich natural resources of
Greece. Central to that vision is the importance of informing and involving
young people, to teach them about the wealth and beauty of the natural world
and enhance their awareness of, and responsibility for, the Earth.
Designed by a team of architects led by Michalis Fotiadis, the GAIA Cen-
tre is a striking modern building. At the same time its construction elements
and building materials reflect the architectural style of the original Goulandris
Museum and other elegant 19th century villas of Kifissia. The GAIA Centre
opens onto Othonos Street, where old plane trees and water channels are a
reminder of days before Kifissia became a fashionable modern suburb. Wild
HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION 27
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plants still survive on the top of the Museum’s traditional stone wall on the
corner of Othonos and Levidou Streets. One of these plants, the medicinal
herb Parietaria judaica (Wall Pellitory or ¶·Úı¤ÓÈÔÓ) reflects both the mod-
ern work of the GAIA Centre in exploring useful Greek biodiversity, and the
other traditions of Greek life. Pericles himself is said to have used this plant
to heal the injuries of a workman who fell from the Parthenon during its con-
struction.
The GAIA Centre has six floor levels (only two above ground). The low-
est two levels comprise an underground car-park, and above them two base-
ments house research laboratories and the library, with resources such as
book-stacks, the herbarium specimens and laboratory storerooms housed at
the lower lever. The total floor space of the GAIA Centre covers 12.500 m2.
At ground level are an atrium, reception halls, galleries for permanent and
temporary exhibitions, a restaurant and a shop. Immediately on entry, visitors
find themselves in the atrium, a two-storey reception area, before they explore
the exhibits. The atrium is the setting for an impressive audio-visual display,
and throughout their tour of the GAIA Centre visitors – the majority of them
children – are encouraged to participate in numerous interactive exhibits,
designed in collaboration with the London Natural History Museum. The
building links the sciences and arts, with two prominent symbols: Gaia, ancient
goddess of Earth, and the Ammonite, one of the most successful of all life-
forms that ever evolved.
From the beginning, the principal aim of the Goulandris Museum has
been scientific research, involving the gathering, recording and study of the
considerable botanical, zoological, geological and palaeontological wealth of
Greece. The spacious new building has re-housed and considerably expanded
four existing laboratories of Zoology, Ecology, and Biotechnology, Hydrobiol-
ogy and the Herbarium, and added two new laboratories, Soil Science and
Analytical Chemistry to investigate all physical, chemical and microbiological
aspects of soil. The work of these six departments in ecosystem evaluation and
preparing biological and geological inventories is described in earlier sections
of this Introduction.
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Gaia Research Center – Bioanalytical Department
Personnel
Prof. Anthony Tsarbopoulos Ph.D. (Director - Chemist)
Evagelos Gikas Ph.D. (Pharmasist)
Fotini N. Bazoti Ph.D. (Pharmasist)
Nicolaos Papadopoulos Ph.D. (Agricultural Scientist)
Nicolaos Koulakiotis (Chemist)
The Bioanalytical Department / Laboratory of the GAIA Research Center
was established recently and its research interests are focused on aspects of
quality of life, such as assessment of the effects of various environmental fac-
tors on food and human health, and integrated utilization of waste produced
by agricultural industry.
In the first research activity, the Bioanalytical Laboratory is developing
analytical methods for the ultra sensitive detection, identification, monitoring
and control of environmental estrogens and contaminated food, as well as
their metabolites. This methodology can be also used to assess the extent of
hormone and antibiotic transfer to the food chain. In another research activ-
ity aiming at reducing or eliminating the environmental impact, there is a
demonstration project for the integrated utilization of waste produced by olive
oil press factories. The produced wastewater contains chemical compounds
with significant pharmacological, biological and chemical properties of high
added value. This demonstration project mainly aims at the development of a
viable high-technology process for the recovery of natural anti-oxidants from
olive oil mill wastewater. The demonstration management system is integrat-
ed through the composting of the wastewater sludge for the production of a
natural organic fertilizer.
Another important and related area of study of the Bioanalytical Labora-
tory is the investigation of the relation between dietary habits and health. Epi-
demiology and animal studies have confirmed the preventive and therapeutic
value of various dietary factors. Recent studies have shown that the tradition-
al diet of Crete is mainly responsible for the very low rates of cardiovascular
ailments and the relative health and longevity of the population who follow it.
This has been attributed to the high olive consumption and the use of many
green and aromatic plants in their daily diet. It appears that certain bioactive
HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION 29
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compounds derived from the above plants could offer an ideal therapeutic
regime for protection against the risk of the above diseases, and thus play an
important role towards sustaining health, and preventing age-related diseases.
In light of the relation between diet and health, there is an extensive
research of screening endemic plants that have been previously used in tradi-
tional medicines. The Bioanalytical Laboratory has been greatly involved in
the isolation, structure characterization and bioavailability studies of biologi-
cally active substances from endemic plants of Greece for the development of
new antibiotics, anticancer drugs and other therapeutic substances.
Bioanalytical Laboratory Instrumentation
The Bioanalytical Laboratory is equipped with the following instruments:
1. Mass Spectrometers
ñ Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Instrument Finnigan GCQ
Plus System with Trace GC 2000 with (±) ∂π, CI, DIP (Direct Insertion
Probe) and (MS/MS)
n
. The system is coupled to an AS2000 Autosampler
and a Purge & Trap Tekmar 3000LSC Sample Concentrator.
ñ HPLC - Tandem Mass Spectrometry Instrument Finnigan TSQ (triple
quadrupole) ESI (Electrospray Ionization), APCI (Atmospheric
Pressure Chemical Ionization) and Tandem MS capabilities. The system
is coupled to an AS3000NB Autosampler.
2. Chromatographs:
ñ Gas Chromatograph Hewlett Packard 6890 with FID (Flame Ionization)
and TCD (Thermal Conductivity) Detectors, which is also interfaced to a
Headspace Sampler 7694.
ñ High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) system Finnigan
TSP with Diode Array UV6000LP Detector, coupled to an AS3000NB
Autosampler.
3. Other instrumentation
ñ Robotic Solid Phase Extraction Gilson ASPEC XL
ñ UV-Vis spectrophotometer UNICAM UV300
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Soil Ecology and Biotechnology Laboratory
Personnel
Our staff includes scientists with professional expertise in soil science, microbiology,
biotechnology, molecular biology, and environmental sciences.
S. Stamatiadis, Research Leader, Ph.D. Soil Ecology (State University of New York,
Syracuse, USA)
C. Christofides, Ph.D. Plant Biotechnology (Kings College London, U.K.)
E. Tsadila, B. Sc. Environmental Science (University of Aegean, Greece)
Temporary laboratory support includes volunteer workers, graduate and postgraduate
students.
Research Priorities: Sustainable Management of Natural Resources
The Goulandris Natural History Museum has embarked upon research
designed to develop tools for the assessment of our policies towards the sustain-
able management of terrestrial resources since the late ‘80s. In the late ‘90s,
research capabilities were considerably strengthened by equipping the Ecology
and Biotechnology Laboratory with ‘state-of-the-art’ analytical instruments for
measuring soil, water and specific atmospheric pollutants. Research is now
focused in the sustainable management of agricultural land for the purpose of
reducing chemical pollution, conserving our natural resources while at the same
time enhancing production. The research programs of the laboratory have been
extended, in close collaboration with other laboratories in the European Union,
the United States and Australia, in the following inter-disciplinary and techno-
logical fields:
ñ Development of sustainable management practices
Use of soil quality indicators, molecular techniques and remote sensing
technologies for the reduction of chemical inputs in agro-ecosystems.
Examples include research programs that evaluate the yield of cotton and
vineyard crops at the field scale, and the biological control of the olive fruit
fly in Mediterranean-type ecosystems.
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ñ Environmental impact of agricultural and industrial by-products
Examples of studies in this research category include: the assessment of
heavy metal toxicity in the food industry, the monitoring of greenhouse
gases emitted by animal husbandry, and the impact of municipal and
industrial sludges upon application on agricultural land.
ñ Biological treatment and safe recycling of urban, agricultural and industrial
wastes
The laboratory is involved in developing composting technologies for the
biological treatment and safe recycling of solid animal and municipal
wastes. An application of this research is the production of high quality soil
conditioners for the improvement of urban greens and the rehabilitation of
perturbed soils.
CONFERENCES AND WORKSHOPS
AT THE GOULANDRIS NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM
1.
Soil Quality
as an Indicator of Sustainable Land Management, June 24-25,
1999.
2.
BIODIVERSITY
– The effects on Health and Nutrition, December 12, 2001
3. Remote Sensing for Agriculture and the Environment, September 17-20,
2002.
32 ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS 11. 2006
Spectrometers
Chromatographs
Mass Spectrometers
Biological Studies
Inductively Coupled Plasma
UV-Vis Spectrometer
GC (portable)
Ion Chromatograph
Isotope Ratio MS
Total Organic Carbon
Thermal Cycler - PCR
Respirometer-Composter
Major & trace elements, heavy metals
Anions, cations, DNA
Permanent gases, volatile compounds
Anions, cations
13/12
C,
15/14
N,
18/16
O,
34/32
S, H/D in soil,
liquid & gas samples
Organic, inorganic carbon
DNA amplification
Treatment of solid organic wastes
Analytical Instruments Environmental Applications
Analytical Instruments of the Soil Ecology and Biotechnology Laboratory
goulandri011s036 6-03-07 11:37 ™ÂÏ›‰·32
4.
ECSITE
- Directory Forum, March 2003
5.
EUROPEAN MUSEUM FORUM
– The European Museum of the Year
Award, May 8, 2004.
6.
DESORPTION
– The International Mass Spectrometry Conference,
September 3-7, 2006.
FRIENDS OF THE GOULANDRIS MUSEUM
The Board of the Museum is grateful for the formation of the “Friends of the
Goulandris Natural History Museum” in 1978. The “Friends” now number
more than 1.000 members.
A significant section of the “Friends” is the Children’s Department aged 8-
14, for whom special activities in and out of the Museum are provided and
organized by the “Friends”.
A recent and most important contribution of the “Friends” is the Volunteer’s
Department which provides services for the increasing needs of the Museum.
HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION 33
goulandri011s036 6-03-07 11:37 ™ÂÏ›‰·33
goulandri011s036 6-03-07 11:37 ™ÂÏ›‰·34
Preface
This 11th issue of Annales Musei Goulandris marks a welcome return to publi-
cation after too long a gap in production. This unfortunate lacuna has arisen
through a series of circumstances, notably the death of Professor William T.
Stearn, firm friend of the Museum, of Greece and Greek flora, and creative
genius behind the concept and realization of the Annales. His diligence, indus-
try and wide-ranging knowledge of plants, animals, scientific nomenclature, lit-
erature and languages have proved a large specialized niche to fill adequately.
Now, after some vicissitudes and pauses, a new issue of the journal will hope-
fully be one of many more to come. The scope of the journal remains the same,
covering as it does the biodiversity and natural history in the widest sense of
Greece, adjacent territories and seas, and the wider Mediterranean region.
The journal comprises an essential link in the chain of inter-related activi-
ties – research, curatorial and educational – of the Goulandris Natural Histo-
ry Museum. The Museum, a pioneer in the public promotion of the rich natu-
ral history of Greece, continues to expand its role in environmental education,
especially the involvement of young people, through the innovative and inspir-
ing new Gaia Centre. New, well-equipped laboratories link traditional muse-
um and field studies with the cutting edge of soil, water and other environ-
mental sciences. With the active participation of Greece in the implementa-
tion of the EU Habitats Directive and the Natura 2000 network of protected
areas, and expansion throughout the country of conservation projects such as
protection of special habitats and rare species, germ-plasm conservation and
the establishment of modern botanic gardens, the Museum and its publica-
tions provide a focal point for Greek public perception of the natural world.
Greece holds some of the most important populations of wild plants and
animals, and natural and semi-habitats, in Europe and the Mediterranean
region, and biodiversity is one of the country’s most precious natural
resources. Yet Greece still lacks an effective system of protected areas. Even
goulandri011s036 6-03-07 11:37 ™ÂÏ›‰·35
Crete, with its famous mountain and cliff flora, and rare birds and mammals,
possesses just one small national park, the Samaria Gorge, and in the wider
Greek countryside habitats that ought to have protection under EU legislation
are sometimes allowed to deteriorate or be destroyed. It is to be hoped that a
revived Annales Musei Goulandris will now enjoy a secure future that enables
the journal to play its part in the Museum’s major contribution to the vital
work towards conservation of biodiversity in Greece.
Dr John Akeroyd
36 ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS 11. 2006
goulandri011s036 6-03-07 11:37 ™ÂÏ›‰·36
Salix xanthicola (Salicaceae) - distribution, ecology and relationships
K
NUD IB
C
HRISTENSEN
Abstract
Christensen, K.I. 2006. Salix xanthicola (Salicaceae) — distribution, ecology and rela-
tionships. Ann. Musei Goulandris 11: 37-79.
New information on the geographical range, ecology and relationships of Salix
xanthicola is presented. S. xanthicola is reported from several new localities in north-
eastern Greece, especially in Nomos Evrou. The upper altitudinal limit of the species
is approx. 890 m. The relationships of S. xanthicola are elucidated using the neigh-
bour-joining method of phylogenetic reconstruction, and a new section, Salix sect.
Xanthicolae, is described. The phylogenetic reconstruction supports the division of
Salix into two subgenera, viz.: Salix subgen. Salix (incl. the segregate genus Chosenia)
and S. subgen. Vetrix.
¶ÂÚ›ÏË„Ë
Christensen, K.I. 2006. Salix xanthicola (Salicaceae) – ÁˆÁÚ·ÊÈ΋ ÂͿψÛË, ÔÈÎÔ-
ÏÔÁ›· Î·È Û¯¤ÛÂȘ. Ann.Musei Goulandris 11: 37-79.
¶·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÔÓÙ·È Ó¤Â˜ ÏËÚÔÊÔڛ˜ ÁÈ· ÙË ÁˆÁÚ·ÊÈ΋ ÂͿψÛË, ÙËÓ ÔÈÎÔÏÔÁ›·
Î·È ÙȘ Û¯¤ÛÂȘ Ù˘ Salix xanthicola. H S. xanthicola ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂÙ·È ·fi ‰È¿ÊÔÚ˜ Ӥ˜
ÙÔÔıÂۛ˜ ÛÙË ‚ÔÚÂÈÔ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈ΋ ∂ÏÏ¿‰·, ȉȷ›ÙÂÚ· ÛÙÔ ÓÔÌfi Œ‚ÚÔ˘. ΔÔ ·ÓÒÙÂÚÔ ˘-
„ÔÌÂÙÚÈÎfi fiÚÈÔ ÙÔ˘ ›‰Ô˘˜ Â›Ó·È ÂÚ›Ô˘ 300 Ì. ÛÙ· ÂÚ›Ô˘ 890 Ì. √È Û¯¤ÛÂȘ Ù˘ S.
xanthicola ‰È·Û·ÊËÓ›˙ÔÓÙ·È Ì ÙË ¯Ú‹ÛË Ù˘ ÌÂıfi‰Ô˘ neighbour-joining Ù˘ Ê˘ÏÔÁÂÓÂ-
ÙÈ΋˜ ‰fiÌËÛ˘ Î·È ÂÚÈÁÚ¿ÊÂÙ·È ¤Ó· Ó¤Ô ÙÌ‹Ì· ÙÔ Salix Sect. Xanthicolae. H Ê˘ÏÔÁÂ-
ÓÂÙÈ΋ ‰fiÌËÛË ˘ÔÛÙËÚ›˙ÂÈ ÙÔ ‰È·¯ˆÚÈÛÌfi Ù˘ Salix Û ‰‡Ô ˘Ô›‰Ë Ù·: Salix subgen.
Salix (ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ ÙÔ “‰È·¯ˆÚÈÛı¤Ó” Á¤ÓÔ˜ Chosenia) Î·È S. subgen. Vetrix.
Ann. Musei Goulandris 11: 37-79.2006
goulandri037s080 6-03-07 11:37 ™ÂÏ›‰·37
Introduction
Originally, Salix xanthicola K.I. Chr. was considered endemic to north-east-
ern Greece, where it was known to occur at a few lowland localities in Nom.
Xanthis, Rodopis and Evrou (Christensen 1991). However, shortly after its
description the species was reported from the district of Krumovgrad in Bul-
garia (Zielinski 1992). Velchev (1966) referred the Bulgarian material
(Ganchev s.n., 18.06.1965, SOM) to S. cinerea L. ×triandra L. It represents the
oldest known herbarium material of S. xanthicola. In Greece, S. xanthicola
may have been collected even before 1965. A report of S. aegyptiaca L. from
Moussafacli near Komotini (Rechinger 1964, 1993) is probably based on
misidentified material of S. xanthicola (Christensen 1997).
In 1994, 1997, and particularly in 2001, I had the chance to revisit known
localities of Salix xanthicola, as well as to visit new localities, and new infor-
mation on the distribution and ecology of this species has accumulated.
The exact taxonomic relationships of Salix xanthicola remain to be clari-
fied. S. xanthicola may belong to a yet undescribed Section or Series of Salix
Subg. Vetrix (Dumort.) Dumort. (Christensen 1991 1995; Zielinski 1992).
There exist several contributions to regional floras and revisionary studies of
Salix, e.g., Skvortsov (1968, 1999, used together with Nasarow 1936), Argus
(1973, 1986), Lautenschlager (1983), Meikle (1984), Christensen (1997), Berg
et al. (2000), and these provide, in combination with the author’s own studies
of both living and preserved material, a good basis for a reconstruction of the
phylogeny of S. xanthicola and allied species.
Materials and methods
The observations on the geographical range, ecology and cultivation of Salix
xanthicola are based on the author’s own fieldwork in northeastern Greece in
1987, 1990, 1994, 1997 and 2001, as well as on information in Zielinski (1992)
and material planted in the Arboretum, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural
University, Hoersholm, Denmark (see Fig. 1,2).
The phylogenetic reconstruction of the relationships of Salix xanthicola was
carried out on the basis of herbarium material primarily kept at ATH, B, C, G,
O, S, UPA and W (herbarium acronyms according to Holmgren et al. 1990),
living material kept at the Arboretum, Ho/rsholm, and information in Nasarow
(1936), Rechinger (1964, 1993), Skvortsov (1968, 1999), Argus (1973, 1986),
38 ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS 11. 2006
goulandri037s080 6-03-07 11:37 ™ÂÏ›‰·38
Chmelar & Meusel (1979), Skvortsov & Edmondson (1982), Lautenschlager
(1983), Meikle (1984), Brullo & Spampinato (1988), Christensen (1991, 1997),
and Berg et al. (2000). Herbarium material of S. xanthicola is at present
deposited in ATH, B, BM, C, G, H, K, KOR, LD, SOM, TRT, UPA, UWO,
and W. Salix is a large genus of 400 to 500 species (Argus 1986), and it is,
therefore, not possible to present a phylogenetic reconstruction of the entire
genus in this paper. Instead I have chosen at least one exemplar Eurasian
species from each of the sections accepted by either Nasarow (1936) or
Skvortsov (1968, 1999), as well as the North American S. exigua Nutt., which
Argus (1997) referred to Subgen. Longifoliae (Andersson) Argus, and the
Asian Chosenia arbutifolia (Pall.) A.K. Skvortsov. According to Zielin
′
ski
(1992) S. xanthicola may belong to Salix sect. Vetrix Dumort. (= sect. Cinerel-
la Ser.), and as a consequence of this I have included several species of that
section in the reconstruction. A total of 50 species or approximately 1% of all
the species of Salix are used (see Tab. 1). The species concept applied is that
of Christensen (1997) and Berg et al. (2000), or if a species is not treated by
these authors, that of Skvortsov (1968, 1999) (see Appendix 1). The names of
the Sections are in accordance with Argus (1997), or Skvortsov (1968, 1999)
(see Appendix 1).
The method for reconstructing the phylogeny is a somewhat modified ver-
sion of the neighbour-joining method of Saitou & Nei (1987), i.e., the NJOIN
module of the NTSYSpc program (Rohlf 2005). The applicability and per-
formance of the NJOIN algorithm in phylogenetic reconstruction are dis-
cussed by Studier & Keppler (1988), Swofford & Olsen (1992), Kim et al.
(1992), Gascuel (1997a,b), and Atteson (1997). The coefficient of dissimilari-
ty employed in the phylogenetic reconstruction is the Euclidean distance coef-
ficient of (1-SM)
0.5
where SM is the simple matching coefficient, which is com-
monly used in taxonomic studies. For details on calculation and theory of the
SM coefficient, see Sneath & Sokal (1973), Dunn & Everitt (1982), Everitt &
Dunn (1991), Rohlf (2005), etc. Before the dissimilarity coefficient was calcu-
lated the quantitative characters of the data matrix (Tab. 1) were binarized
using the SUBYBAR+BIN transformation of the TRANSF module of
NTSYSpc (Rohlf 2005). The SUBYBAR+BIN transformation subtracts off
the mean of each character and then converts a continuous variable into a
binary one. All values greater than the mean of a character are replaced by 1
and all values smaller than the mean are changed to 0. The dissimilarity or dis-
tance matrix in Tab. 2 is the basis for the calculation of the NJOIN tree pre-
CHRISTENSEN: SALIX XANTHICOLA 39
goulandri037s080 6-03-07 11:37 ™ÂÏ›‰·39
sented in Fig. 5. In order to test the robustness of the NJOIN tree a resampling
experiment was conducted using the RESAMPLE module of NTSYSpc
(Rohlf 2005). This module is used to create a file with new data matrices gen-
erated from a given initial data matrix. In this study, the new matrices are gen-
erated with each observation in turn left out (JACKKNIFE), and the
CONSEN (MAJRUL) module is used to summarize the resultant NJOIN
trees (Rohlf 2005) (see Fig. 6).
Distribution, Ecology and Cultivation
Christensen (1995) treated Salix xanthicola as a rare plant in Greece, but dur-
ing my fieldwork in northeastern Greece in recent years, especially in 2001, I
discovered S. xanthicola at several new localities (Figs 1 and 2). Therefore, the
species must be considered more common than originally assumed - or in the
words of Zielinski (1992: 500): “Salix xanthicola is … undoubtedly found in
many other places both in Greece and Bulgaria and possibly also in neigh-
bouring regions of European Turkey”. In Greece, the southern border of the
range of S. xanthicola is by now rather well defined. I have visited numerous
sites in northeastern Greece and searched for S. xanthicola whenever passing
a habitat suitable for that species (compare Figs. 1 and 2). I have also tried —
without success — to verify the record of putative material of S. xanthicola (S.
aegyptiaca according to Rechinger 1964, 1993; see also Christensen 1997) from
the Turkish village of Moussafacli situated somewhere in vicinity of the vil-
lages of Ag. Theodori, and Mikro and Megalo Doukato, and the River Lissos
(see Fig. 1,2). However, this area — like other lowland areas (up to c. 200 m
altitude) of northeastern Greece — is arable land where the watercourses are
strongly influenced by human activities, e.g. felling of the riverine woodlands,
changing of the riverbeds into gravel pits, building of dams, and irrigation of
the nearby fields, which makes the former permanent lower reaches of the
rivers and larger streams stagnant or temporary. Therefore, in prehistoric
times when the human exploitation of the planar and colline areas in north-
eastern Greece was less severe, S. xanthicola may have been more common at
altitudes of 30-200 m than it is today. At one of its classical localities (Nom.
Rodopis, Ep. Komotinis, river Kompsatos, ca. 1.5 km NW of Poliandro, alt. 30
m.) S. xanthicola is apparently now extinct. Upstream a dam and downstream
a large gravel pit have completely changed the locality (Christensen obs., July
2001).
40 ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS 11. 2006
goulandri037s080 6-03-07 11:37 ™ÂÏ›‰·40
Generally, Salix xanthicola grows on alluvial soils along rivers where it is
associated with other woody plants typical of hygrophilous habitats, e.g. Salix
alba L., S. amplexicaulis Bory, Populus alba L., Platanus orientalis L., and Alnus
glutinosa (L.) Gaert. It occurs also in beds of temporary streams running
through macchie (maqui) or forest with Quercus frainetto Ten., as well as in
roadside ditches, but always near larger, permanent streams or rivers (Chris-
tensen 1991, 1995, 1997). The ecological behavior of S. xanthicola changes
with the altitude. At lower altitudes, approx. 30-150 m, it is found almost
exclusively along permanent watercourses, where it often, either alone or
together with Tamarix spp., forms a dense, shrubby vegetation belt at the
water’s edge. At higher altitudes, approx. 150-890 m, it grows also in drier
habitats where surface water is available only during spring and early summer,
such as roadside ditches, steep rocky slopes, temporary streams, and margins
of macchie (maqui) and forests (see Figs. 3, 4). At present, S. xanthicola is
known only from localities where the bedrock is micaceous schist or other
types of schist.
According to Christensen (1991, 1995, 1997) Salix xanthicola grows at alti-
tudes of 30-300 m. However, in July 2001, I found individuals of S. xanthicola
at an altitude of 890 m (Nom. Rodopis, Ep. Sapon, along the road from Lep-
tokaria to Nea Santa (41Æ07’N+25Æ55’E). Christensen nos. 6370, 6371).
In 1994 and 1997, I collected numerous cuttings of Salix xanthicola which
were subsequently handled by staff members of the Arboretum, Hoersholm,
and of the Experimental Department, Botanic Garden, Tåstrup. Two plants,
one indoors and another outdoors, are now in cultivation at the Arboretum
(accession no. 490-1994. Origin: Nom. Rodopis, Ep. Sapon, ca. 4 km E of the
village of Nea Santa, alt. 200-230 m, 41Æ07′N+25Æ47′E). The greenhouse
plant is a male which has been cut back several times. In August 2001, the
other plant (of unknown sex) was approximately 1.5 m tall and showed no sign
of damage caused by the often severe winter and spring frost in Denmark.
Therefore, Salix xanthicola is probably hardy and may be of interest as an
ornamental in parts of central and northern Europe (see also Christensen
1995).
Relationships of Salix xanthicola
Many students of Salix s.str. divide the genus into three or four subgenera (see,
e.g., Rechinger 1964, 1993; Skvortsov 1968, 1999; Argus 1986, 1997), while
CHRISTENSEN: SALIX XANTHICOLA 41
goulandri037s080 6-03-07 11:37 ™ÂÏ›‰·41
others divide it into two subgenera only, and even treat the segregate genus
Chosenia as a taxon within Salix s.lat. (see, e.g., Newsholme 1992; Berg et al.
2000; Azuma et al 2000 and Hörandl et al 2002). The present phylogenetic
reconstruction supports the latter infrageneric division of Salix, viz.: — 1. Sub-
gen. Salix (Syn: Subgenus Amerina Dumort. Including Subgen. Longifoliae
(Andersson) Argus) in which Chosenia arbutifolia - or rather Salix arbutifolia
Pall. - is neighbour taxon to the rest of the subgenus (S. acmophylla Boiss. to
S. babylonica L. in Fig. 5), and — 2. Subgen. Vetrix (Dumort.) Dumort. (Syn.:
Subgen. Caprisalix (Dumort.) Nasarow. Including Subgen. Chamaetia
(Dumort.) Nasarow, and Subgen. Helix (Dumort.) Dumort.) (Figs. 5, 6).
The division of Salix into sections proposed by Skvortsov (1968, 1999) is to
a great extent supported by this analysis of the phylogeny of Salix. However, in
an infrageneric classification each Section should form an evolutionary convex
or monophyletic cluster (in a broad sense), and, therefore, the following sec-
tions, which were adopted by Nasarow (1936), should be resurrected, viz.: —
1. Sect. Fragiles (Fr.) Koch, including S. fragilis L., removed from Sect. Salix
(Sect. Albae (Ser.) Barratt in Skvortsov 1968, 1999), — 2. Sect. Fulvae Barratt,
including S. starkeana Willd., S. bebbiana Sarg., and perhaps S. kuznetzowii
Goerz. All three species were referred to Sect. Vetrix (= Sect. Cinerella) by
Skvortsov (1968, 1999), and — 3. Sect. Phylicifoliae (Fr.) Andersson, including
S. phylicifolia L., removed from Sect. Arbuscella Ser. (Fig. 5). Notice that
Argus (1997) in a detailed numerical taxonomic study of the classification of
the New World species of Salix accepted Sect. Fulvae and Sect. Phylicifoliae,
but merged Sect. Fragiles with Sect. Salix (Sect. Albae according to Skvortsov
1968, 1999)
The relationships of S. pyrolifolia Ledeb. (Hastatae*) need further study
(Fig. 5). Salix krylovii E.L. Wolf referred to Sect. Villosae (Andersson) Rouy by
Skvortsov (1968, 1999) might be better placed in Sect. Glaucae (Fr.) Anders-
son (Fig. 5). Likewise, Salix helvetica Vill.,and S. abscondita Laksch., which
Skvortsov (1968, 1999) considered belonging to Sect. Villosae and Sect. Vetrix
(= Cinerella), respectively, are apparently better treated as members of Sect.
Incubaceae A. Kern. (Fig. 5).
Zielinski (1992) assumed that Salix xanthicola might belong to Sect. Vetrix
(= Sect. Cinerella), and S. xanthicola is in fact similar to species of Sect. Vetrix
(= Sect. Cinerella) in vegetative morphology, especially leaf morphology (see
Figs. 7, 8), but it differs considerably in floral morphology, e.g., capsules rather
small and sessile, stigmas always entire, filaments completely connate, and
42 ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS 11. 2006
goulandri037s080 6-03-07 11:37 ™ÂÏ›‰·42
anthers red. The phylogenetic reconstruction presented here demonstrates
that S. xanthicola is fairly closely related to species of Sect. Cinerella (S. cinerea
to S. caprea L. in Fig. 5), but it has even closer affinity to species of Sect. Vil-
losae (S. lapponum L., S. alaxensis Coville) (see Fig. 5). Although S. xanthico-
la is similar to S. lapponum and S. alaxensis in floral morphology, e.g., capsules
rather small, sessile, and stigmas entire, it is differs in having hairy filaments
which are completely connate (not glabrous, V- or Y-connate, or free), and,
furthermore, it has undulate-serrate (not entire) leaf blades. Consequently, S.
xanthicola is here referred to a newly described Section closely related to Sect.
Villosae s. str., and more distantly so to Sect. Cinerella s. str., viz.:
Salix Sect. Xanthicolae K.I. Chr. Sect. nov.
Frutices usque ad 4 m alti. Laminae foliorum ± undulato-serratae. Amenta
lateralia, praecocia, breviter pedunculata, (0-)1-3-foliolis praedita; bracteae
ad apicem puniceae; nectarium unicum, adaxiale. Stamina 2; filamenta con-
nata, basin versus pubescentia; antherae puniceae, connectivo basin versus ±
piloso ornatae. Capsula ovoidea, dense sericea, sessilis. — Typus: Salix xan-
thicola K.I. Chr.
Notice that in the NJOIN tree (Fig. 5), the cluster of Sect. Xanthicolae and
Sect. Villosae s.str. is the neighbour taxon to Sect. Cinerella s.str., and that the
cluster formed by these three Sections together is the neighbour taxon to the
cluster of Sect. Glaucae s.lat. and Sect. Fulvae s.lat. Consequently, S. xanthico-
la could only be treated as a member of Sect. Cinerella s.lat. (= Sect. Vetrix
sensu Skvortsov 1968, 1999), if that Section is enlarged to include Sect. Vil-
losae, Sect. Glaucae, and Sect. Fulvae (see Fig. 5).
In order to test the robustness of the NJOIN tree presented in Fig. 5 a
resampling experiment was conducted using the RESAMPLE
(JACKKNIFE), NJOIN and CONSEN (MAJRUL) modules in NTSYSpc
(Rohlf 2005). In the resultant consensus tree, clusters found in at least 50% of
the NJOIN trees of the resampling experiment are marked with red or blue
(see Figs. 5, 6). Notice, that Salix Subgen. Salix is supported as well as many
clusters withing Subgen. Vetrix including the cluster of S. lapponum to S. xan-
thicola. On the other hand, the close affinity of this cluster to the Sect. Cinerel-
la cluster (S. cinerea to S. caprea) is not supported in the consensus tree (see
Figs. 5, 6).
CHRISTENSEN: SALIX XANTHICOLA 43
goulandri037s080 6-03-07 11:37 ™ÂÏ›‰·43
44 ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS 11. 2006
Figure 1. Salix xanthicola. Geographical range based on material studied and information cited in Rechinger (1964, 1993) and Zielins-
ki (1992). DMAP for Windows (Morton 2001).
goulandri037s080 6-03-07 11:37 ™ÂÏ›‰·44
CHRISTENSEN: SALIX XANTHICOLA 45
Figure 2. Geographic range of Salix xanthicola and sites visited by the author in the phytogeographic regions of NE and NAe (Tha-
sos). DMAP for Windows (Morton 2001).
goulandri037s080 6-03-07 11:37 ™ÂÏ›‰·45
46 ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS 11. 2006
Figure 3. Salix xanthicola. Growth form. Nom. Evrou. Ep. Alexandroupoleos. Along the
road from Loutros to Pessani and Dadia, beyond the military post. 41Æ00’N+26Æ03’E. Alt.
400 m. Margin of mixed forest. Photo: K.I. Christensen.
Figure 4. Salix xanthicola. Habitat. Nom. Evrou. Ep. Soufliou. Along the road from
Loutros to Pessani and Dadia, at the Pessani Bridge; 41Æ03’N+26Æ04’E. Alt. 150 m.
Riverbed with Salix alba, S. xanthicola, Tamarix, etc. Photo: K.I. Christensen.
goulandri037s080 6-03-07 11:38 ™ÂÏ›‰·46
CHRISTENSEN: SALIX XANTHICOLA 47
Figure 5. Salix. Phylogenetic reconstruction of 51 species using the NJOIN module of Rohlf (2005). Clusters found in at least
50% of the NJOIN trees of the resampling experiment are marked with red or blue. For comments and explanation of abbreviations
used, see Appendix 1.
goulandri037s080 6-03-07 11:38 ™ÂÏ›‰·47
48 ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS 11. 2006
Figure 7. Salix xanthicola. Leaf-bearing
twig. Nom. Evrou. Ep. Soufliou. Along the
road from Loutros to Pessani and Dadia,
at the Pessani Bridge; 41Æ03’N+26Æ04’E.
Alt. 150 m. Riverbed with Salix alba, S.
xanthicola, Tamarix, etc. Photo: K.I.
Christensen.
Figure 8. Salix xanthicola. Leaf-bearing twig. Nom. Evrou. Ep. Soufliou. Along the
road from Loutros to Pessani and Dadia, at the Pessani Bridge; 41Æ03’N+26Æ04’E. Alt.
150 m. Riverbed with Salix alba, S. xanthicola, Tamarix, etc. Photo: K.I. Christensen.
goulandri037s080 6-03-07 11:38 ™ÂÏ›‰·48
CHRISTENSEN: SALIX XANTHICOLA 49
Figure 6. Salix. Consensus tree resulting from the jackknife resampling experiment on the original data matrix (RESAMPLE:
JACKNIFE+NJOIN+CONSEN: MAJRUL, Rohlf 2005). Clusters found in at least 50% of the NJOIN trees of the resampling
experiment are marked with red or blue. For comments and explanation of abbreviations used, see Appendix 1.
goulandri037s080 6-03-07 11:38 ™ÂÏ›‰·49
Acknowledgements
The curators of ATH, B, BM, C, G, H, K, KOR, LD, O, S, TRT, UPA, UWO,
and W, as well as the staff of the Arboretum, Royal Veterinary and Agricul-
tural University, Hoersholm, kindly provided material for study. Dr. A. Anag-
nostopoulos, Athens, and my wife, M.Sc. K.B. Moeller, Hoersholm, assisted in
the field. Assoc. Prof. Peter Wagner, Botanical Museum and Library, Univer-
sity of Copenhagen, kindly checked the Latin diagnosis. The Danish Natural
Science Foundation and The Goulandris Natural History Museum generous-
ly provided grants.
References
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Bot. 2: v-xvi, 1-279.
Argus, G. 1986. The genus Salix (Salicaceae) in the southeastern United States. —
Syst. Bot. Monogr. 9: 1-170.
Argus, G. 1997. Infrageneric classification of Salix (Salicaceae) in the New World. —
Syst. Bot. Monogr. 52: 1-121.
Azuma, T.K.T., Yokohama, J. & Ohashi, H. 2000. Phylogenetic relationships of Salix
(Salicaceae) based on rbcl sequence data. – Amer. J. Bot. 87: 67-75.
Atteson, K. 1997. The performance of the neighbor-joining method of phylogeny
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& Pálsson, J. 2000. Salix L. In Jonsell, B. (ed.), Flora Nordica 1: 117-188. Stockholm.
Brullo, S. & Spampinato, G. 1988. Salix gussonei (Salicaceae), a new species from Sici-
ly and its relationships with S. pedicellata. Willdenowia 17: 5-10.
Chmelar, J. & Meusel W. 1979. Die Weiden Europas. – Wittenberg Lutherstadt.
Christensen, K.I. 1991. Salix xanthicola (Salicaceae), a new species from northeastern
Greece. Willdenowia 21: 105-111.
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D., Strid, A., Snogerup, S. & Greuter, W. (eds), The red data book of rare and
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Christensen, K.I. 1991. 1997. Salicaceae. In Strid, A. & Tan, K. (eds), Flora Hellenica
1: 27-35. Königstein.
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Dunn, G. & Everitt, B.S. 1982. An introduction to mathematical taxonomy. Cambridge.
Everitt, B.S. & Dunn, G. 1991. Applied multivariate data analysis. London.
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Swofford, D. L. & Olsen, G.J. 1990. Phylogeny reconstruction. In: Hillis, D. M. &
Moritz, C. (eds.), Molecular systematics, 411-501. Sunderland.
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Republika na Bylgarija 3: 48-84. Sofia.
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Flor. Geobot. 37: 499-501.
52 ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS 11. 2006
Appendix 1. Key to abbreviations of characters and taxa used in the
phylogenetic reconstruction of Salix (Figs. 5,6 and Tabs. 1,2.).
CHARACTERS
AnthConn = Anthers connate
(appearing as one, 1) or free (0).
AnthRed = Anthers red or purple.
AnthYel = Anthers yellow or pale
brown.
BraDiscol = Bracts discolorous, dark
at apex.
BrConcDar = Bracts concolorous,
dark.
BrConcPal = Bracts concolorous,
pale.
BrFeCaPers = Bracts of female catkins
persistent (1) or caduceus (0).
BrHairsYel = Hairs of bract yellow.
BrLonghai = Bracts with long hairs
(1) or short hairs (0).
Br3-5Nerv = Bracts with 3-5 veins or
nerves.
BrConcPal = Bracts concolorous,
pale.
BudAppres = Buds appressed.
BudDiverg = Buds divergent.
BarkFiss = Bark fissured (1) or
smooth (0).
BudFragr = Buds fragrant.
BudGlabr = Buds glabrous.
BudHairy = Buds hairy.
BuScaFre = Bud scales not connate.
BuSc3angl = Bud scales with three
angles or ridges.
BuSc2angl = Buds with two, more or
less distinct angles or ridges.
CapsGla = Capsule glabrous.
CapsHairy = Capsule hairy.
CapsuleL = Length of capsule (mm,
median).
CatkApic = Catkins apical.
CatkCoaet = Catkins coetaneous
(appearing with or after the
leaves).
CatkLate = Catkins lateral.
CatkPreco = Catkins precocious
(appearing before the leaves).
ConnecHairy = Connective of
anthers hairy (1) or glabrous (0).
FemCatLgt = Length of female
catkin (mm, median).
FemCatPersis = Female catkins
goulandri037s080 6-03-07 11:38 ™ÂÏ›‰·52
remain on tree (serotinous, 1) or fall
soon after seed dispersal (0).
FilComConn = Filaments complete-
ly connate (appearing as one).
FilFree = Filaments free.
FilGlabr = Filaments glabrous.
FilHairy = Filaments hairy.
FilVConn = Filament V-connate.
FilYConn = Filaments Y-connate.
GlaFem0 = Female flowers lack
glands.
GlaFem1 = Female flowers with one
gland.
GlaFem2 = Female flowers with two
or more glands.
GlaMale0 = Male flowers lack
glands.
GlaMale1 = Male flowers with one
gland.
GlaMale2 = Male flowers with two
or more glands.
LfApAcum = Leaf apex acuminate.
LfApAcut= Leaf apex acute.
LfApAsymm = Leaf apex oblique.
LfApCont = Leaf apex contorted.
LfApEmar = Leaf apex emarginate.
LfApObtu = Leaf apex obtuse.
LfBaCord = Leaf base cordate or
subcordate.
LfBaCune = Leaf base cuneate or
attenuate.
LfBaRoun = Leaf base rounded.
LfBaTrunc = Leaf base truncate.
LfLength = Length of lamina (mm,
median).
LfLsConcol = Lower surface of lam-
ina concolorous.
LfLsGlab = Lower surface of lamina
glabrous.
LfLsGlauc = Lower surface of lami-
na glaucous green, white or grey-
ish green.
LfLsGreen = Lower surface of lami-
na bright or pale green.
LfLsHair = Lower surface of lamina
hairy.
LfL/W = Ratio of length to width of
lamina.
LfMaEnt = Leaf margin entire.
LfMaIrSer = Leaf margin irregularly
serrate or dentate.
LfMaReSer = Leaf margin regularly
serrate or dentate.
LfMarFlat = Leaf margin flat.
LfMarRevo = Leaf margin revolute.
LfMaUndse = Leaf margin undu-
late-serrate.
LfUsGlab = Upper surface of lamina
glabrous.
LfUsHair = Upper surface of lamina
hairy.
LfVeins = Number of pairs of pri-
mary lateral veins (median).
LfWidth = Width of lamina (mm,
median).
LvsOppos = Leaves opposite or sub-
opposite.
LvsRugo = Lamina rugose (1) or not
(0).
LvsSpread = Leaves spreading.
PedicAbse = Pedicel absent.
PedicPres = Pedicel present.
Pedi>Bract = Pedicel longer than
bract.
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Pedi<Bract = Pedicel shorter than
bract.
PeduLvLarge = Leaf blades of
peduncle large.
PeduLvSmall = Leaf blades of
peduncle small.
PedunAbse = Peduncle absent
(catkin sessile).
PedunLong = Peduncle long.
PedunShor = Peduncle short.
PedunStip = Leaf blades of peduncle
stipulate (1) or exstipulate (0).
PetGland = Petiole glandular (1) or
eglandular (0).
PetioleL = Length of petiole (mm,
median).
Shrub<2m = Shrub less than 2 m
tall.
Shrub>2m = Shrub more than 2 m
tall.
StamenNo = Number of stamens
(median).
StiAbsen = Stipules absent.
StigmClef = Stigmas cleft.
StigmDeci = Stigmas deciduous (1)
or persistent (0).
StigmEnti = Stigmas entire.
StiPrese = Stipules present.
StylAbsent = Style absent.
StylClef = Style cleft.
StylPres = Style present.
Style>Stigma = Styles longer than
stigmas.
Style<Stigma = Style shorter than
stigmas.
Tree = Monocormic.
TwCurGla = Twigs of current year
glabrous.
TwCurHai = Twigs of current year
hairy.
TwFragil = Twigs fragile (1) or not
(0).
TwFragra = Young twigs fragrant.
TwPrevGl = Twigs of previous year
glabrous.
TwPrevHa = Twigs of previous year
hairy.
TwPruino = Twigs pruinose.
+WoodStri = Decorticated wood
with wood striae.
-WoodStri = Decorticated wood
without wood striae.
GENERA AND SECTIONS
Chosenia
CHOSENIA = Salix arbutifolia Pall.
Salix
Amygdali = Amygdalinae Koch
Arbuscel = Arbuscella Ser.
Canae = Canae A. Kern.
Chamaeti = Chamaetia Dumort.
Cheilopi = Cheilopilae Hao
Cinerella Ser. = Vetrix Dumort. in
Skvortsov (1968, 1999).
Daphnel = Daphnella Ser. ex Duby
Fragiles = Fragiles (Fr.) Koch
Fulvae (or Fulva?) = Fulvae Barratt
= Lividae Nyman in Nasarow
(1936)
Glaucae (or Glauc?) = Glaucae (Fr.)
Andersson
Hastatae (or Hastatae*) = Hastatae
(Fr.) A. Kern.
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Helix = Helix Dumort.
Herbella Ser. = Retusae A. Kern. in
Skvortsov (1968, 1999)
Humboldt = Humboldtianae (Ander-
sson) Andersson
Incubace (or Incub) = Incubaceae A.
Kern.
Lanatae = Lanatae (Andersson)
Koehne
Longifol = Longifoliae (Andersson)
Andersson
Myrtil = Myrtilloides (Borrer) Ander-
sson
Myrto = Myrtosalix A. Kern.
Nigri = Nigricantes A. Kern.
Phylicif = Phylicifoliae (Fr.) Anders-
son
Salix = Salix = Albae (Ser.) Barratt
in Skvortsov (1968, 1999)
Salicast = Salicaster Dumort. = Pen-
tandrae (Borrer) C.K. Schneid. in
Skvortsov (1968, 1999)
Subalbae = Subalbae Koidz.
Subvimin = Subviminales (Seemen)
C.K. Schneid.
Urbanian = Urbanianae (Seemen)
C.K. Schneid.
Villosae (or V) = Villosae (Anders-
son) Rouy
Vimenell = Vimenella Ser. = Vimen
Dumort. in Skvortsov (1968,
1999)
Xanthico = Xanthicolae K.I. Chr.
SPECIES
absco = Salix abscondita Laksch. (S.
olenini Nasarow, S. raddeana
Nasarow)
acmop = S. acmophylla Boiss. (S. per-
sica Boiss.)
aegyp = S. aegyptica L. (S. medemii
Boiss.)
alaxe = S. alaxensis Coville (S. spe-
ciosa Hook. & Arnott)
alba = S. alba L.
ample = S. amplexicaulis Bory
appen = S. appendiculata Vill.
arbus = S. arbuscula L.
arcti = S. arctica Pall.
aurit = S. aurita L.
babyl = S. babylonica L.
bebbi = S. bebbiana Sarg.
brachy = S. brachypoda (Trautv. &
C.A. Mey.) Kom.
capre = S. caprea L. (incl. S. coae-
tanea (Hartm.) Flod.)
cardi = S. cardiophylla Trautv. & C.A.
Mey. (S. maximowiczii Kom.)
ciner = S. cinerea L. (incl. S.
atrocinerea Brot.)
CHOSENIA = Salix arbutifolia Pall.
(Chosenia arbutifolia (Pall.) A.K.
Skvortsov)
daphn = S. daphnoides Vill. (incl. S.
acutifolia Willd.)
elaea = S. elaeagnos Scop. (S. incana
Scop.)
exigu = S. exigua Nutt.
fragi = S. fragilis L.
glauc = S. glauca L. (incl. S. stipulif-
era Häyrén)
graci = S. gracilistyla Miq.
gusso = S. gussonei Brullo & Spamp.
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hasta = S. hastata L.
helve = S. helvetica Vill.
herba = S. herbacea L.
integ = S. integra Thunb.
krylo = S. krylovii E.L. Wolf
kuzne = S. kuznetzowii Goerz
lanat = S. lanata L. (incl. S. glandulif-
era Flod.)
lappo = S. lapponum L.
myrtill = S. myrtilloides L.
myrsinif = S. myrsinifolia Salisb. (S.
nigricans Sm.; incl. S. borealis (Fr.)
Nasarow and S. kolaënsis Schl-
jakov)
myrsinit = S. myrsinites L.
pedic = S. pedicellata Desf.
penta = S. pentandra L.
phyli = S. phylicifolia L.
polar = S. polaris Wahlenb.
pseud = S. pseudomedemii E.L. Wolf
(S. alifera Goerz, S. fuscata
Goerz)
purpu = S. purpurea L.
pyrol = S. pyrolifolia Ledeb.
repen = S. repens L. (incl. S. arenaria
L. and S. rosmarinifolia L.)
retic = S. reticulata L.
retus = S. retusa L.
sacha = S. sachalinensis F. Schmidt
stark = S. starkeana Willd. (incl. S.
xerophila Flod.)
trian = S. triandra L. (S. amygdalina
L.)
vimin = S. viminalis L.
wilhe = S. wilhelmsiana M. Bieb.
xanth = S. xanthicola K.I. Chr.
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CHRISTENSEN: SALIX XANTHICOLA 57
Table 1. Salix.
Species (columns) and characters (rows) used in the phylogenetic
reconstruction. For explanation of the abbreviations used, see Appendix 1. Missing values
= 999.0
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CHRISTENSEN: SALIX XANTHICOLA 75
Table 2. Salix. Dissimilarity or distance matrix used in the calculation of the NJOIN
tree presented in Figs. 5,6. The dissimilarity coefficient is that of (1-SM)0.5, where SM is the
so-called simple matching coefficient. For explanation of the abbreviations, see Appendix 1.
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Address of the author:
Assoc. Prof. Knud Ib Christensen, University of Copenhagen, Natural History Museum of Denmark,
Botanical Garden and Museum, Oe. Farimagsgade 2B, DK-1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
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A new subspecies of Allium circinnatum Sieber from S.W. Turkey
R
ODNEY
B
URTON
Abstract
Burton, R. 2006: A new subspecies of Allium circinnatum Sieber from S.W. Turkey.
Ann. Musei Goulandris 11: 81-84.
Allium circinnatum Sieber is known from the Peloponnese, Crete and a single
locality in S.W. Turkey. Subsp. evae R.M. Burton subsp.nov. is described from near
Ölüdeniz, Turkey (Mugla).
¶ÂÚ›ÏË„Ë
Burton, R. 2006. ŒÓ· Ó¤Ô ˘Ô›‰Ô˜ Allium circinnatum Sieber ·fi ÙËÓ ¡.¢. ΔÔ˘ÚΛ·.
Ann. Musei Goulandris 11.00.00.
ΔÔ Ê˘Ùfi Allium circinnatum Â›Ó·È ÁÓˆÛÙfi ·fi ÙËÓ ∫Ú‹ÙË, ÙËÓ ¶ÂÏÔfiÓÓËÛÔ Î·È
ÌÈ· ÌÔÓ·‰È΋ ÙÔÔıÂÛ›· ÛÙË ¡.¢. ΔÔ˘ÚΛ·. ΔÔ ˘Ô›‰Ô˜ evae R.M. Burton subsp.
nov. ÂÚÈÁÚ¿ÊÂÙ·È ·fi ÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ Ölüdeniz, Ù˘ ΔÔ˘ÚΛ·˜ (ªugla).
Introduction
Allium circinnatum Sieber, although early-flowering and easily overlooked,
is nevertheless one of the most distinctive of small Allium species. No other
Allium has the same combination of long narrowly linear leaves, all parting
from the stem near ground level, covered with long spreading hairs and more
or less circinnately coiled. Since its description in 1823 almost to the present
Ann. Musei Goulandris 11: 81-84.2006
goulandri081s084 6-03-07 11:40 ™ÂÏ›‰·81
day it has been regarded as a species endemic to Crete (Stearn 1978), where it
occurs in crevices of limestone rocks and on open ground in phrygana. The
map in Turland, Chilton & Press (1993) shows it as occurring in six scattered
sites, on or near the north coast of the island.
The concept of A. circinnatum as a taxonomically uniform plant endemic
to Crete was radically altered by the publication of subsp. peloponnesiacum
Tzanoudakis (1983), a variant occuring in similar habitats near the coasts of
the southern Peloponnese and on the island of Andikithira. This island is clos-
er to the nearest Cretan locality for the plant than it is to the Peloponnese.
These localities are mapped by Tan & Latrou (2001). Subsp. peloponnesiacum
is distinguished by the larger number of flowers in the umbel, and broader,
often pinkish-violet perianth segments somewhat upcurved to form a campan-
ulate flower.
There is also one reference to the occurrence of A. circinnatum in Turkey,
which has passed unnoticed by Turkish botanists. Chilton & Turland (1997)
report: «The species also occurs in S.W. Turkey [Mugla: near coast between
Marmaris and Fethiye, April 1992, Pirie s.n. (BM)], where the plants require
further study to ascertain their infraspecific identity». The object of the pres-
ent paper is to meet that requirement.
Description
The herbarium material available for study is scanty, but it includes a length
of coiled, hairy linear leaf, and is accompanied by a coloured photograph past-
ed to the sheet. Enough material is available to conclude that the identification
of Allium circinnatum is correct and to make some observations about the
plant. The two valves of the spathe vary greatly from one plant to another. The
umbel consists of 4-5 flowers on pedicels 10-15 mm long. The perianth – seg-
ments are uniformly pink, 6-7 mm long, ovatet-lanceolate with a saccate base,
and spread to form an open cup-shaped flower. The anthers are yellow.
These data seem sufficient to me to justify the description of the Turkish
plant as a new subspecies, which I am pleased to name after its finder:
Allium circinnatum Sieber subp. evae R.M. Burton, subsp. nova, ab cetteris
subspeciebus perigonio crateriforme roseo distinguenda.
Holotypus: Turkey (C2), Mugla: SE of Ölüdeniz, near road to Kadak. E.
Pirie s.n., April 1992 (BM, barcoded 98077).
No other record of this taxon is known.
82 ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS 11. 2006
goulandri081s084 6-03-07 11:40 ™ÂÏ›‰·82
Discussion
The differences between the three subspecies of Allium circinnatum are
shown in the following table:
subsp. circinnatum subsp. peloponnesiacum subsp. evae
Height of plant 5-10 cm 10-18 cm 5-10 cm
Perianth shape stellate broadly campanulate cup-shaped
Perianth-segment white with pink mid-vein (white to) pinkish-violet pink
colour
Outer perianth-segment oblong elliptic to obovate ovate-lanceolate
shape
As no material of subsp. peloponnesiacum has been available for me to
study, I have used the description supplied by Tan & Iatrou (2001), which is
slightly fuller than that of Tzanoudakis (1983), based solely on the holotype.
It will be noted that the only known locality for this species is different
from that gifen by Chilton & Turland (1997), which is not the same as the
locality Mrs Pirie visited in early April 1992. There may have been an error of
transcription. J.R. Akeroyd (pers. comm. 2003) was present when Mrs Pirie
discovered the plant, and he confirms that the Ölüdeniz is indeed correct. The
area east from Ölüdeniz has several other plants of Aegean affinity. Turland
has observed Ranunculus creticus L. (also present (Strid 2002) on the Mar-
maris peninsula and nearby Greek island of Kalimnos) and Cutandia stenos-
tachya (Boiss.) Stace; and the type specimen of Dianthus elegants D; Urv. var.
gramineus (Burton 1997), perhaps identical with D. desideratus Strid, known
only from non-flowering material from the Northern Sporades (Strid 1997), is
from the same region. To the west, Tulipa saxatilis Sieber ex Sprengel, mostly
found on Crete and Karpathos, occurs near Marmaris (Marais 1984) and at
Cnidos on the adjacent Marmaris peninsula (E.M. Rix, pers. comm. 2003).
Subsequent conversation with Mrs Eva Pirie has made it possible to
expand information on the habitat beyond may be seen on the photograph.
The plants were growing fairly densely in open ground between a rocky out-
crop and a field which had been cultivated. The lumps of stone which can be
seen in the photograph indicate that the rock is limestone.
BURTON: ALLIUM CIRCINNATUM 83
goulandri081s084 6-03-07 11:40 ™ÂÏ›‰·83
Achnowledgment
I must thank Nicholas Turland for securing the Turkish specimen of Alli-
um circinnatum for the BM, and for drawing my attention to it.
References
Burton, R.M. 1977. A new variety of Dianthus elegans d’ Urv. Karaca Arboretum
Magazine 3: 183-186.
Chilton, L., & Turland, N.J. 1997. Flora of Crete: a supplement. Retford, Notting-
hamshire.
Marais, W. 1984. Tulipa L. In Davis, P.H. (ed) Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean
Islands 8: 302-311. Edinburgh.
Stearn, W.T. 1978. European species of Allium and allied genera of Alliaceae: a syn-
optic enumeration. Annales Musei Goulandris 4: 83-198.
Strid, A. 1997. Dianthus L. In Strid, A. & Tan, K. (eds) Flora Hellenica 1: 343-372.
Königstein.
Strid, A. 2002. Ranunculus L. In Strid, A. & Tan, K. (eds) Flora Hellenica 2: 38-69.
Königstein.
Tan, K. & Iatrou, G. 2001. Endemic plants of Greece: the Peloponnese. Kobenhavn.
Turland, N.J., Chilton, L. & Press, J.R. 1993. Flora of the Cretan area: annotated check-
list & atlas. London.
Tzanoudakis, D. 1983. New taxa of Allium from Greece. Candollea 38: 317-323.
84 ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS 11. 2006
Address of the author:
R.M. Burton, Sparepenny Cottage, Sparepenny Lane, Eynsford, Kent DA4 0JJ, UK
goulandri081s084 6-03-07 11:40 ™ÂÏ›‰·84
Flora and vegetation of Andros, Kikladhes, Greece
S
VEN
S
NOGERUP
, B
RITT
S
NOGERUP
, E
LLI
S
TAMATIADOU
,
R
OLAND VON
B
OTHMER &
M
ATS
G
USTAFSSON
Abstract
Snogerup, S., Snogerup, B., Stamatiadou, E., Bothmer, R. v. & Gustafsson, M. 2006:
Flora and vegetation of Andros, Kikladhes, Greece. Ann. Musei Goulandris 11: 85-
270.
An annotated list of the known vascular plants of Andros is provided, with notes
on ecological preferences, altitudinal distributions and frequency. The total number
of native and naturalized taxa of vascular plants listed is 1055. Exact localities are pro-
vided for the rarest species on the island. 74 maps are also provided for species with
variously delimited distribution. For the species known to be more or less common
some voucher specimens are cited together with an indication of their frequency. In
the introductory chapters the main vegetation forms are discussed as well as the phy-
togeographic relationships and history of the flora. Endemics of the island and region-
al endemics are particularly commented on as are some recent introductions. Some
minor areas of special interest for the protection of the Flora of the island are indi-
cated, and actual and possible future threats discussed.
Keywords: Flora, vascular plants, Greece, Kikladhes, Andros.
¶ÂÚ›ÏË„Ë
Snogerup, S., Snogerup, B., Stamatiadou, E, Bothmer, R.v. & Gustafsson, M. 2006.
Flora and vegetation of Andros, Kikladhes, Greece. Ann.Musei Goulandris 11: 85-
270.
Ann. Musei Goulandris 11: 85-270.2006
goulandri085s230 6-03-07 11:40 ™ÂÏ›‰·85
¢›ÓÂÙ·È ¤Ó·˜ Û¯ÔÏÈ·Ṳ̂ÓÔ˜ ηٿÏÔÁÔ˜ ÙˆÓ ÁÓˆÛÙÒÓ ÙÚ·¯ÂÈÔÊ‡ÙˆÓ Ù˘ ÕÓ‰ÚÔ˘
Ì ÛËÌÂÈÒÛÂȘ ÁÈ· ÙȘ ÔÈÎÔÏÔÁÈΤ˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ÚÔÙÈÌ‹ÛÂȘ, ÙȘ ˘„ÔÌÂÙÚÈΤ˜ ÂÍ·ÏÒÛÂȘ ηÈ
ÙË Û˘¯ÓfiÙËÙ· ÙˆÓ ÂȉÒÓ. √ Û˘ÓÔÏÈÎfi˜ ·ÚÈıÌfi˜ ÙˆÓ Èı·ÁÂÓÒÓ Î·È ÙˆÓ ÂÁÎÏÈÌ·ÙÈṲ̂-
ÓˆÓ ÙÚ·¯ÂÈÔÊ‡ÙˆÓ ÙÔ˘ ηٷÏfiÁÔ˘ ·Ó¤Ú¯ÂÙ·È ÛÙ· 1055. °È· Ù· ÈÔ Û¿ÓÈ· ›‰Ë Ù˘
Ó‹ÛÔ˘ ‰›ÓÔÓÙ·È ÔÈ ·ÎÚȂ›˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ÙÔÔıÂۛ˜. ¢›ÓÔÓÙ·È Â›Û˘ 74 ¯¿ÚÙ˜ ÁÈ· Ù· ›‰Ë
Ì ÂÚÈÔÚÈṲ̂Ó˜ ÂÍ·ÏÒÛÂȘ ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈÎÔ‡ ÌÂÁ¤ıÔ˘˜. °È· Ù· ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔ ‹ ÏÈÁfi-
ÙÂÚÔ ÎÔÈÓ¿ ›‰Ë ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÔÓÙ·È ‰Â›ÁÌ·Ù· ÙÔ˘˜ Ì·˙› Ì ˘Ô‰Â›ÍÂȘ Ù˘ Û˘¯ÓfiÙËÙ¿˜ ÙÔ˘˜.
™Ù· ÂÈÛ·ÁˆÁÈο ÎÂÊ¿Ï·È· ÂÍÂÙ¿˙ÔÓÙ·È ÔÈ Î‡ÚȘ ‰Ô̤˜ ‚Ï¿ÛÙËÛ˘, ÔÈ Ê˘ÙÔÁˆÁÚ·-
ÊÈΤ˜ Û˘ÁÁ¤ÓÂȘ ÙˆÓ ÂȉÒÓ Î·È Ë ÈÛÙÔÚ›· Ù˘ ¯ÏˆÚ›‰·˜. ™¯ÔÏÈ¿˙ÔÓÙ·È È‰È·›ÙÂÚ· Ù·
ÂÓ‰ËÌÈο ›‰Ë Ù˘ Ó‹ÛÔ˘, Ù· ÂÓ‰ËÌÈο ÙÔ˘ ¢ڇÙÂÚÔ˘ ¯ÒÚÔ˘ fiˆ˜ Î·È Î¿ÔȘ Úfi-
ÛÊ·Ù˜ ÂÈÛ·ÁˆÁ¤˜ ÂȉÒÓ. ÀÔ‰ÂÈÎÓ‡ÔÓÙ·È Î¿ÔȘ ÌÈÎÚfiÙÂÚ˜ ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜ ÂȉÈÎÔ‡
ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓÙÔ˜ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÚÔÛÙ·Û›· Ù˘ ¯ÏˆÚ›‰·˜ ÙÔ˘ ÓËÛÈÔ‡ Î·È Û˘˙ËÙÔ‡ÓÙ·È ˘·Ú-
ÎÙÔ› Î·È Èı·ÓÔ› ÌÂÏÏÔÓÙÈÎÔ› ΛӉ˘ÓÔÈ.
§¤ÍÂȘ ÎÏÂȉȿ: Ãψڛ‰·, ÙÚ·¯ÂÈfiÊ˘Ù·, ∂ÏÏ¿‰·, ∫˘ÎÏ¿‰Â˜, ÕÓ‰ÚÔ˜.
86 ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS 11. 2006
1. Introduction
2. The island of Andros
2. 1. Geographical position
2. 2. Size and topography
2. 3. Geology
2. 4. Local climate
2. 5. Watercourses
3. Botanical exploration of Andros
4. Vegetation of Andros
4. 1. Forest and trees
4. 2. Spontaneous reforestation
4. 3. Vegetation of dry and degraded
areas
4. 4. Chasmophytes
4. 5. Aquatic and mesophytic vegeta-
tion
4. 6. Sandy beaches
4. 7. Maritime islets
4. 8. Human impact on the vegetation
4. 9. Introduced, ruderal, and weedy
species
5. Phytogeographic relationship of
the flora
5. 1. Local and regional endemics
5. 2. Northern mesophytic element
5. 3. Kikhladian gap or insular gaps
6. Protection of plants and vegetation
6. 1. Pollution
6. 2. Areas of special importance
7. Species list
8. Acknowledgements
9. References
Contents
goulandri085s230 6-03-07 11:40 ™ÂÏ›‰·86
1. Introduction
This publication summarizes our present knowledge of the Flora of Andros,
Kikladhes. The two first authors have undertaken the major part of the prepa-
ration of the manuscript, particularly the species list. Considerable parts of the
field work have been carried out by the other co-authors, alone or in a group.
We have also tried to incorporate information from other botanists who have
collected or made field notes on Andros.
We have tried to confirm all reports by study of vouchers or by our own vis-
its to the localities cited. Unconfirmed reports are included only in a few cases,
where well-known plants and established botanists are concerned.
2. The island of Andros
2. 1. Geographical position
Andros is the northernmost island of the Kikladhes, situated close to the large
W. Aegean island of Evvia, from which it is only separated by an 11 km wide
sound (Fig. 1). Towards the SE the distance is only 2 km to the nearest Kik-
ladhian island, Tinos, which is an island of 730 m altitude, with only small
patches of limestone. The distances to the other large Kikladhian islands are
much greater. Andros forms a link between the central Kikladhes and the W.
Aegean Islands, and may be expected to show that effect in its plant geo-
graphic relationships.
As there are often problems in establishing the names of places, mountains
and other locations in Greece, we have shown in Fig. 2 the positions of sever-
al villages, mountains and capes with the names which we use in the discus-
sions and the species list.
2. 2. Size and topography
Andros is of 380 square kms in area. It is 40 km in length from NW to SE and
10 km across.
There are several islets around Andros. The largest of them is Mega-
lonisos in the islet group of Gavrionisia on the NW coast of the island. The
other islets of Gavrionisia and the half a dozen islets on the N and E coasts
SNOGERUP, STAMATIADOU, BOTHMER&GUSTAFSSON: FLORA OF ANDROS 87
goulandri085s230 6-03-07 11:40 ™ÂÏ›‰·87
are 300 m long or smaller and possess a flora of few but often rare species.
There are four mountains or large hills, all with ridges from the SW to NE
in direction, separated by wide valleys in the northeast and by passes of only c.
200 m altitude in the southwest. The largest and highest mountain is in the
centre of the island, W of Chora Andros. We have mostly used the name Mt.
Kouvara for it, but it is also called Petalon Oros. Both names are used in most
maps but are applied variously to the whole mountain or to single ridges or
summits. The northern ridge of Kouvara is the highest, connected in the west
to the lower and more irregular southern ridge. There are two almost equally
high summits, and according to our field observations the southwestern one
above Palaiopolis, provided with a church, is the higher. Different maps give
different elevations but both summits are 990-1010 m. The name Prophitis
Elias is by some people used for the SW peak; in at least one map it is used for
the NE one. As this name is also used for at least one more peak on Andros,
it should not be used at all for the description of plant localities, but when it
has been done we have cited the specimens accordingly.
In the northern part of the island is Mt. Ag. Saranda c. 720 m high, SW of
Chora Andros, Mt. Gerakonas c. 680 m, and in the far southeast, Mt. Rakhi c.
680 m.
2. 3. Geology
In contrast to most of the Kikladhes, the rocks on Andros are mostly schists of
various types (Fig. 3) Limestone is found only in small areas, the most exten-
sive being a row of low cliffs along the northwest flank of Mt. Gerakonas.
Limestone is quarried near the western end of this range NE of Akra
Apothikes (in some maps called Strofilos). In the same area, above the SE bay
E of the cape, there is a large, vertical limestone cliff. Small outcrops of lime-
stone are also found in the SW and S parts of Mt. Rakhi and on the N coast.
Serpentine is only present in some small patches and has not had any consid-
erable influence on the flora.
2. 4. Local climate
The non-limestone substrate is the main reason for the comparatively moist
conditions in large parts of Andros. Increased local precipitation and moisture
are also caused by the NW-SE position and height of the island, forcing in
88 ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS 11. 2006
goulandri085s230 6-03-07 11:40 ™ÂÏ›‰·88
summer the prevailing northern wind to rise over the mountains. There is
often a formation of local clouds over Mt. Kouvara (Fig. 4), and even if they
rarely give any rain during the summer, they give at least shade and high air
humidity.
It would not be very helpful to provide a climate diagram from a nearby
meteorologic station. On Andros, only the lowlands distant from the moun-
tains have a local climate showing the very dry period in summer and early
autumn typical of truly Mediterranean lowlands. In other parts of the island,
there are considerable differences in local climate and still more in the degree
of soil moisture. The mountain valleys and the N-facing mountain sides are
moist and green throughout the summer with several permanent small rivers
and rivulets.
2. 5. Watercourses
Rivers or rivulets with waterflow during the whole year are found in several
places (Fig. 5). The longterm constancy of the water is best proved by the pres-
ence of water turtles, fresh-water crabs and in some places small fishes. Most
of the water plants are able to survive short periods of time of drought as seeds
or rhizomes and are, therefore, also capable of living in watercourses which
dry up periodically or during some extreme summers.
The largest permanent watercourses are listed below because of their
importance for the flora of Andros. They are mentioned in order from the NW
to the SE part of the island and provided with numbers which refer to the map
in Fig. 5.
1. The rivulet running through the Varidion valley to Ormos Zorkou.
2. The rivulet in the valley of Vitali.
3. The rivulet having its source near Katakilos at the NW ridge of Mt. Kou-
vara, running to Ateni Beach.
4. The rivulet having its source W of Arni passing Remata to the bay of
Levka (Fig. 6).
5. The rivulet running from near the summit of Mt. Kouvara through the
valley passing Vourkoti to the bay S of Akra Gria.
6. A rivulet from the SE flank of Mt. Kouvara to Stenies N of Chora,
becoming broader at the mouth.
7. The river along the SE side of the large valley SW of Chora running to
the beach S of Chora.
SNOGERUP, STAMATIADOU, BOTHMER&GUSTAFSSON: FLORA OF ANDROS 89
goulandri085s230 6-03-07 11:40 ™ÂÏ›‰·89
8. The rivulet in the Dipotamos gorge, having its source on the S side of Mt.
Gerakonas and passing Sineti.
There are also a few riverbeds which have, until very recently probably had
a permanent waterflow but are now becoming dried up. The rivulet passing
Gavrion to Ormos Gavriou was still carrying plenty of water in the late sixties
when we first visited the area; now it seems to be dry at least for most of the
year. The same is the case with the rivulet in Batsi which has now become
maintained as a road instead. At Chora there is a second riverbed passing the
N side of the township, which has now been turned into a regularly used road.
There is also a watercourse ending at Ormos Korthion which formerly carried
more water but is now drying up more or less totally during the summer.
The continuing drying up of watercourses is probably caused by the rapid-
ly growing outtake of ground water for use as tapwater. The use of water for
irrigation has, on the other hand, become less intense in many places. But this
has a more complex influence, because irrigation using old methods involved
the construction of small dams that stopped the waterflow and helped to keep
the rivulet valleys moist during summer.
3. Botanical exploration of Andros
The first modern flora of Andros was published by Malakates (1933), compris-
ing c. 500 taxa, based on his own observations and material collected by Hel-
dreich and Sartori. We have found most of the species cited in his flora but
there are some doubtful reports that may be misdeterminations. Diapoulis
(1934) wrote some critical notes about the treatise and added a few more
species. In Rechinger’s Flora Aegaea (1943), most published records and many
from herbarum collections were cited. The rich flora of Andros has not until
recently received the attention that it deserves in spite of these earlier records.
Our fieldwork has been spread over a long period of time from 1964 to
1995, including visits at different seasons of the year. Minor additions of later
collections and observations are added. Herbarium material was collected of
all plants which could not be definitely identified on the spot. Some vouchers
have also been collected for taxa which we believe we know well to make
future controls possible. This treatise is thus, to a large extent, based on these
collections, but to make mapping possible we have also used all field notes
which we consider fully reliable. Maps are provided for a selection of taxa
90 ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS 11. 2006
goulandri085s230 6-03-07 11:40 ™ÂÏ›‰·90
which have limited distributions on the island, reach their limit of distribution
there or have disjunct distributions. For some taxa which would otherwise be
worth mapping this could not be done because we were not able to study them
sufficiently during part of our study.
Several other botanists have also visited Andros during the same time, and
we have had access to much of their material and information (see also
Acknowledgements).
The total number of native and established taxa of vascular plants known
to occur on Andros today is 1055. Several more may certainly be added, but
we consider Andros to be one of the botanically best known among the Greek
islands. The best chances of finding some more taxa will probably result from
detailed studies of the spring flora of the limestone areas and of the weeds.
4. Vegetation of Andros
4. 1. Forest and trees
Forest hardly exists on Andros today, there are only small groves in favourable
and not too intensely managed areas. This situation has certainly prevailed for
several thousands of years, but before the heavy impact of man, deciduous and
evergreen forests probably occupied much of the island.
Trees probably native on Andros are: Platanus orientalis, Alnus glutinosa,
Acer sempervirens, Quercus coccifera, Q. ilex, Q. pubescens, Q. ithaburensis
subsp. macrolepis, Fraxinus ornus, Pistacia terebinthus, Rhamnus alaternus,
Phillyrea latifolia, Salix alba, Tamarix tetrandra, T. ramosissima, Elaeagnus
angustifolia, and Crataegus monogyna.
We consider the deciduous Quercus species, Q. ithaburensis subsp.
macrolepis and Q. pubescens, to be indigenous on the island. They are mainly
planted or tolerated within cultivated land but also occur in other sorts of
localities especially on the mountain slopes. Because native coniferous trees
are lacking on Andros, a forest of deciduous trees, mainly oaks, may once have
covered much of the upper and middle altitudes.
Laurus nobilis is found in ravines and in macchie, sometimes far from set-
tlements, but its long history as a spice and ornamental makes it very difficult
to decide where it is originally native.
Ceratonia siliqua has only been observed as locally planted in a few places
SNOGERUP, STAMATIADOU, BOTHMER&GUSTAFSSON: FLORA OF ANDROS 91
goulandri085s230 6-03-07 11:40 ™ÂÏ›‰·91
in cultivated terraced areas. It is certainly not native on Andros, and probably
not in the rest of the Kikladhes either.
Cupressus sempervirens (Fig. 7) is a characteristic feature in the landscape
today and it reproduces spontaneously. But the high frequency of columnar
forms indicates that it occurs only as a cultivated or naturalized plant. Never-
theless it will certainly become the dominant tree over large areas if forest is
allowed to develop again.
Castanea sativa forms an extensive grove near a rivulet in the village area
of Arnas, but was almost certainly originally planted for its fruits. This is also
the case with Juglans regia, which only remains in a few places in formerly cul-
tivated areas. Corylus avellana was only observed as a few young shrubs cer-
tainly originating from former cultivation or from imported nuts. It will
depend on the future management of abandoned arable land if these species
establish themselves and become naturalized or not.
Evergreen forest certainly covered large parts of Andros as well as other
areas in Greece before intense human activity took place. But it develops best
in lowland slopes with a considerable soil cover, and such areas have been con-
verted into farmland to almost 100 %. Several trees characteristic of such veg-
etation are, however, still present on Andros, such as Quercus coccifera, Q. ilex
(Map 33), Phillyrea latifolia, and Acer sempervirens (Map 4).
4. 2. Spontaneous reforestation
In large areas of more or less wet terraced slopes, cultivation has now been dis-
continued for several decades. During the time they were used as arable land,
not only olives but also various other trees were planted or tolerated in rows
along the terraces. They were also present in small ravines and rocky places
excluded from cultivation. Now they are forming large trees and successfully
reproducing, making the former farmland in many places look like a forest from
a distance. The species of trees being most dominant in such areas are Quercus
ithaburensis subsp. macrolepis, Q. pubescens and Cupressus sempervirens.
If left to develop freely, these areas will soon become a productive forest,
from which considerable amounts of oak and Cupressus timber can be taken.
Such a development will certainly only be successful if proper methods of
forestry and marketing can be established. For most of the interesting plants
of Andros this will undoubtedly be much better than the probable alternative
of overgrazing and repeated burning.
92 ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS 11. 2006
goulandri085s230 6-03-07 11:40 ™ÂÏ›‰·92
4. 3. Vegetation of dry and degraded areas
Macchie is present over much larger areas than in other Kikladhian islands,
because it is in the Aegean almost exclusively occurring in wet places on non-
limestone substrate. The most characteristic species of the macchies are
Arbutus unedo (Map 31), Erica arborea (Fig. 8, Map 32), Myrtus communis
(Map 47), Laurus nobilis, and Quercus ilex (Map 33). Q. ilex has probably been
a dominant forest tree in much of the areas that are now degraded to mac-
chies.
Phrygana is mainly present in fields formerly used for grazing on Andros.
Several of its otherwise characteristic species are lacking or very rare on
Andros which certainly indicates that such vegetation was not present natu-
rally or occurred only in very limited areas. Characteristic phrygana species as
Centaurea spinosa and Sarcopoterium spinosum may have occurred naturally
only on stabilized maritime sand near the beaches (Fig. 9) and on some steep
rocky slopes near the sea. Phrygana is an East Mediterranean vegetation form
dominated by low, cushion forming shrubs which do not fully cover the
ground. The shrubs are either spiny like the above mentioned species, or have
a spicy taste that makes them more or less unpalatable for grazing animals.
Such shrubs present on Andros includes the aromatic Coridothymus capitatus
and Satureja thymbra (Fig. 10), and the spiny Euphorbia acanthothamnos.
The dry, grazed areas are mostly covered by a vegetation of taller shrubs
known as garigue. Such secondary vegetation covers considerable areas espe-
cially in the NW part of the island, on the hills between Mt. Kouvara and Mt.
Ag. Saranda, and in the southernmost part. Some characteristic species are
low forms of Quercus coccifera, Genista acanthoclada, Calicotome villosa,
Phlomis fruticosa (Fig. 11, Map 40), Cistus creticus, and C. salviifolius (Fig. 12,
Map 14). These species were probably present in smaller numbers in the
undergrowth of the primeval forests and have become dominant in degraded
grazed vegetation after the clearing of the forests. Garigue has also recently
covered large areas of abandoned farmland.
4. 4. Chasmophytes
Most members of the chasmophytic flora in the S and C Aegean are adapted
to cliffs of hard limestone. Such cliffs are few and small on Andros and there
are long distances to the nearest large cliff refugia from which chasmophytes
SNOGERUP, STAMATIADOU, BOTHMER&GUSTAFSSON: FLORA OF ANDROS 93
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already existing in the area had to migrate. It is, therefore, not surprising that
the specialized chasmophytes are few on Andros.
The only big, vertical limestone cliff is situated at a bay 1.5 km E of Akra
Apothikes. Here Dianthus fruticosus subsp. fruticosus is dominant in large
parts of the cliff with, unusually, many large individuals. There is also a large
population of Carum multiflorum in this locality, but otherwise for a large mar-
itime cliff an astonishingly low number of chasmophytes.
Erysimum senoneri (Map 25) is the only chasmophyte that has successfully
become established on the small cliffs and rocks of schist and walls at low alti-
tudes. Without much competition from other chasmophytes it has become
common in the central and southern parts of the island. It is an entirely
Aegean species, occurring on most islands from the Northern Sporades to the
southern islands of the Kikladhes.
The other chasmophytic species on limestone are Scrophularia heterophyl-
la (Map 60), Brassica cretica subsp. aegaea, Athamantha macedonica, and
Campanula reiseri (Fig. 13), all occurring in one or a few localities.
Centaurea laconica subsp. lineariloba occurs in cliffs but also in other rocky
places mainly on hard schist (Fig. 14).
Campanula sartorii, endemic to Andros and Tinos, is the only more or less
strictly chasmophytic species that has successfully adapted to the special local
conditions (Fig. 15, Map 8). It occurs only on small cliffs and open rocks of
schist, mainly at altitudes above 400 m.
4. 5. Aquatic and mesophytic vegetation
There are many permanently wet places on Andros, near wells and along the
rivulets. Where a vegetation of tall wetland plants develops, some characteris-
tic species are Juncus heldreichianus (Map 71), Schoenus nigricans (Map 70),
Carex distans (Map 68), Melissa officinalis, Teucrium scordium subsp. scor-
dioides (Map 42), Epilobium hirsutum, Equisetum ramosissimum, Oenanthe
pimpinelloides, Cirsium creticum, Pulicaria dysenterica, Dorycnium rectum, Ver-
bena officinalis (Map 64), and several species of Mentha.
The areas of open wet soil also contain a rich flora of more low-growing
wetland species. Some characteristic species are Lythrum junceum, Bellis
annua, Ranunculus sardous, Cyperus fuscus, Pycreus flavescens, and Juncus
articulatus. More rare in such places are Montia arvensis, Calepina irregularis,
and Lythrum hyssopifolia.
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Slopes with moving water are characterized by species such as Primula vul-
garis (Fig. 16, Map 52), Samolus valerandi (Map 53), Scilla andria (Map 74),
and Campanula spathulata subsp. spruneriana (Fig. 17, Map 9).
In sloping wet areas of Mt. Kouvara some rare species such as Solenopsis
laurentia, Spiranthes spiralis, Listera ovata, Isoetes duriei, I. histrix and several
species of Romulea were recorded.
No really typical vernal pools have so far been found but in similar locali-
ties on the N slopes of Mt. Kouvara and on Mt. Ag. Saranda Juncus capitatus,
Crassula tillaea (Map 24), Isoetes histrix, and I. duriei are found.
True aquatic plants are few and most are only found in one or a few local-
ities. The most common are Apium nodiflorum, Nasturtium officinale (Map
29), Veronica anagallis-aquatica, Phragmites australis, and Typha domingensis.
In a few localities, we have also found Ranunculus trichophyllus, Alisma lance-
olatum, Lemna minor, Potamogeton nodosus, P. berchtoldii, Typha angustifolia,
and Zannichellia palustris. These plants are vulnerable because they occur in
only a few localities which risk becoming changed by the development of
townships. An example of this is the loss of Lemna minor and Potamogeton
berchtoldii. They were both found in the same old freshwater dam near Opiso
Meria which has now been destroyed through the building of houses and a new
road.
Bordering the permanent rivulets are gallery forests dominated by Platanus
orientalis (Map 49), Alnus glutinosa (Map 7), and Nerium oleander (Map 6)
with an undergrowth of many mesophilous plants. Carex pendula, C. hispida,
Equisetum telmateia (Map 1), Calystegia sepium (Map 23), Clematis vitalba,
and Vitex agnus-castus are mainly found in such areas.
The wet mountain slopes are home to several species that are rare or rep-
resent more or less long disjunct elements. There is an especially important
area, only c. 2 square kilometers in size, S to SW of the village of Arnas (Fig.
18). It occupies part of the N slope of Mt. Kouvara between 500 and 900 m.
Some of the interesting taxa on these wet slopes are Asplenium scolopendrium,
Blechnum spicant, Paeonia mascula subsp. hellenica (Fig. 19), Dorycnium ori-
entale (Fig. 20), Crataegus monogyna (Map 55), Corydalis thasia, Potentilla
micrantha, Cruciata pedemontana, Galium rotundifolium, Viola sieheana, and
Galanthus ikariae subsp. snogerupii (Map 66).
In the lower parts of the rivulet valleys are some small areas of open, wet
meadows (Fig. 21). These are rich in species and produce a beautiful flower-
ing display in spring with some impressive populations of Orchis laxiflora (Fig.
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22), O. palustris and other orchids. 37 taxa of orchids are known from Andros,
most of them also occurring in places which are wet only periodically. One of
the most common ones is Serapias lingua (Fig. 23) of which large populations
have been observed.
4. 6. Sandy beaches
Most of the coast of Andros is rocky. Small sandy beaches have mainly devel-
oped at the mouths of the watercourses. Larger sandy fields are found on the
west coast S of Gavrion and on the east coast S of Korthion. The flora of sand
dunes as well as more stabilized sand is mainly composed of very widespread
species. Among its characteristic members on Andros are the grasses Elymus
farctus and Ammophila arenaria and the autumn-flowering Pancratium mariti-
mum. Among the dicotyledons are Euphorbia paralias and some beautiful
species such as Calystegia soldanella (Fig. 24), Medicago marina, and Otanthus
maritimus. Characteristic woody species of the sandy areas are Tamarix tetran-
dra and Elaeagnus angustifolia.
On the beaches remnants of the marine angiosperm Posidonia oceanica are
often washed ashore in large numbers. This species forms underwater mead-
ows in the sea around Andros.
4. 7. Maritime islets
The islets around Andros are isolated from the main island and from each
other only by distances of hundreds of metres or some kilometers.
The small rocky islets that have escaped human impact may be regarded as
truly maritime in that their flora has been developed by sea- or wind-borne
means. Like similar places in other parts of the Aegean, they have each a spe-
cial local flora. There is an element of species that have most of their localities
and all or most large populations on such islets, around Andros represented
by Allium commutatum (Fig. 25, Map 73), Atriplex recurva (Map 13), A. portu-
lacoides, Malcolmia flexuosa subsp. naxensis (Fig. 26), Anthemis werneri (Fig.
27, Map 16), and Arthrocnemum macrostachyum.
Even the islets affected by human influence have local floras that are some-
times very different even between similar and closely neighbouring ones.
Some of them have been used for grazing and in some cases for building
churches or lighthouses. These have a flora partly similar to that of the main-
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land, often with a number of weedy species.
The most striking example of random flora differences are the two
Theothokos islets, being equally high and of the same schistose rock. They are
in fact connected by a low, stony and vegetation-less land-bridge about 10 m
wide. From the eastern islet 51 species have been recorded, from the western
one 70, with 43 in common. Such differences prove that distribution even over
distances amounting to tens of metres is difficult for most species.
Some of the islets around Andros have been included in a long-time study
on the development of islet floras (Snogerup & Snogerup 1987, 2004, 2005).
The random morphological differences between islet populations of
Reichardia picroides near Andros were studied by B. Snogerup (1980). Other
aspects of the flora and vegetation of Aegean islets were discussed by Höner
(1991).
4. 8. Human impact on the vegetation
Agriculture has certainly a very long history on Andros. Traces of terraces
show that in ancient times most of the land was cultivated as intensely man-
aged fields (Figs. 28, 29). This use of terraced cultivation changed the vegeta-
tion on a large scale, but did not have a serious effect on most species of the
local flora. Small gorges and rocky outcrops were not cultivated and partly
protected from grazing because of their inclusion among fields and gardens
(Fig. 30).
Only the irrigated fields near the rivulets were used every year. In the oth-
ers, a rich flora could survive in the fallow fields between the periods of culti-
vation. There was also a rich weed flora, and many of the weeds were local,
some of them adapted specifically to traditional agricultural methods.
The situation was very different for the species outside the cultivated areas.
Grazing there was very intense at least during some periods and trees and
shrubs were cleared by different methods.
The habit of burning the grazed areas at more or less regular intervals had
apparently been practised since antiquity. As long as the fires were kept under
control and only in limited areas each time, there may have been no disastrous
effects on the soil layer and the species content of the flora. The situation has
changed during this century, with large areas of former fields turned into graz-
ing areas or in some cases left unused. Traditions have apparently become less
strict and burning has been used over large areas and with little control. The
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result has in some places been accelerated soil erosion resulting in entire hills
turned into stone desert with very sparse vegetation (Figs. 31, 32). Thirty years
ago burning was still practised intentionally and openly but since then, habits
have changed because of the introduction of laws and a growing awareness of
the necessity to protect Greek ecosystems. The serious burning occurring dur-
ing recent years may sometimes be due to people who prefer grazing to foresta-
tion. Others are certainly accidental, but can hardly be avoided as long as it is
considered a sign of manhood to throw away long burning cigarette-ends.
4. 9. Introduced, ruderal, and weedy species
The special environments of the villages and townships have no doubt
throughout history attracted a special element of more or less cosmopolitan
anthropochorous species. A considerable number of them are known from
waste-heaps, extensively managed gardens, roadsides and building sites on
Andros. For most, we have no idea about the time of arrival but there are
some which are definitely recent invaders.
Datura innoxia, a plant from Central America with very large open white
flowers, is found only in a small area of the SW part of Batsi. It grows on one
steep, dry slope towards the sea but mostly in roadsides and building sites.
Because of its large and beautiful flowers opening in the evening it is tolerat-
ed even when it turns up here and there in gardens. It will probably soon widen
its distribution with or without the intentional help of man.
Nicotiana glauca is a large, woody plant originally wild in the southern part
of South America. It grows mostly in dry rocky places and cliffs near settle-
ments and in roadsides. It is certainly a rather old introduction, probably
planted as an ornamental.
Aster squamatus, of South American origin, is a very recent invader. The
oldest collections from Greece are only c. 40 years old, and it was first men-
tioned for the Greek flora by Greuter (1973), and Yannitsaros and Economi-
dou (1974). On Andros, it was first found in Korthion 1992 but is now com-
mon in villages and has also naturalized along rivulets and among fields. It
may have been overlooked for some time because of its late flowering but even
so, it is certainly spreading very rapidly.
Ricinus communis, a tropical plant, is fully naturalized at least along the
rivulet S of Chora. It has been cultivated for medicinal purposes and perhaps
also as an ornamental.
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Ailanthus altissima has been introduced from China by planting as an orna-
mental or shade tree. It has become a common ruderal species in many other
places and is naturalizing widely in Greece. On Andros, it is still only record-
ed from building sites and street margins and it should still be possible to pre-
vent further distribution on the island. In a few other places, it has spread into
natural vegetation and may become a threat to parts of the wild flora.
Iris germanica was originally planted but has successfully naturalized in dif-
ferent dry localities. The plants on Andros referred to this species have few,
large and light coloured flowers. They probably represent a very old race
closely related to the wild origin of this complex of cultivated Iris.
Amaryllis belladonna, a South African plant, at least formerly cultivated as
an ornamental, occurs as if wild in several village areas on Andros. It is scarce-
ly cultivated any more but occurs mostly on slopes with a good depth of soil.
Zantedeschia aethiopica is frequently planted in gardens. It has successful-
ly naturalized in the riverbed S of Chora and in particularly large numbers at
the N bay of Paralia Vitali.
Carpobrothus edulis is a recent escape from gardens, originally a South
African plant cultivated in forms with different flower colours. It is success-
fully establishing in both rocky and sandy seashores and in some ruderal local-
ities and has probably been planted in such places with the intention of mak-
ing the shores more beautiful. In some places, such as in the SW part of Batsi,
it is threatening the populations of indigenous species like Lavatera arborea
and Trigonella balansae.
Parkinsonia aculeata was certainly planted in the N part of Gavrion, but is
now successfully reproducing along roads and ditches. A single individual was
also seen in the margin of a parking-lot SE of Gavrion. It will probably be tol-
erated and perhaps further planted because of its unusual and beautiful flow-
ers. But it may become a pest in the same way as Acacia species in other places
if not kept under control.
Species of Amaranthus, Heliotropium and Kickxia are characteristic of the
dry fields in late summer and autumn. They have adapted to use the space left
open after the harvest and the withering of all the less drought-resistant plants.
Many of these species are no doubt old members of the flora, but have prob-
ably entered Andros after the establishment of agriculture. Some Amaranthus
species are certainly late invaders and new ones may still appear in the future.
The ruderal grasses are many. Some of them are common in gardens and
irrigated fields and, therefore, probably old members of the flora. Others have
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only recently been found in one or a few localities and are probably rather
new on Andros, including Eragrostis pilosa, Hemarthria altissima, and Eleusine
indica.
5. Phytogeographic relationship of the flora
Andros has, as all the islands of the Kikladhes, its main floristic connections
with the west, to the flora of Europe. The floristic dividing line between
Europe and Asia falls between the Kikladhes and the East Aegean islands.
This is well demonstrated by the fact that Andros has only widespread and in
most cases omni-Mediterranean species in common with the East Aegaean
islands and Anatolia.
5. 1. Local and regional endemics
Several species formerly believed to be Andros endemics have, during the
recent botanical exploration of the Kikladhes, proved to be present also on
one or more neighbouring islands. The south-eastern part of Evvia is also
insufficiently investigated and some species may also prove to be present in
this region. But there are definitely a number of more or less local species cen-
tred on Andros. Two of them are known only from Andros.
Ferulago sartorii has a very restricted distribution on the NE slope of Mt.
Gerakonas between the village Vrachnou and the monastery of Panachrantou.
Being a large and very characteristic plant, there is very little chance that it has
been overlooked in some other area. It has also been reported from the island
of Kea by Bernardi (1979), but the Kea material has proved to be F. nodosa.
F. sartorii even in its general habit is very distinctive. It is a large umbelliferous
plant with very narrow leaf lobes and often has several umbels aggregated in a
manner that simulates a three-step umbel with a super-involucre of entire
leaves.
Serapias cycladum was described by Baumann & Künkele (1989) and has
until now been found only on the southern part of Andros, with its most north-
ern locality in abandoned fields just E of Livadia. It is a beautiful orchid flow-
ering in May, usually in fields dominated by grasses, often among scattered
shrubs.
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The Kikladhian, Aegean and South Balkan endemics with a somewhat
larger distribution are comparatively few on Andros.
We found Corydalis thasia in a few places on the upper parts of Mt. Kou-
vara it was first described as C. solida subsp. longicarpa by Lidén (1996).
Lidén (2002) included it in C. thasia which also occurs on the N. Aegaean
island of Thasos. It is a low-growing spring-flowering Corydalis with a solid
tuber.
Trifolium andricum (Fig. 33, Map 44) was first recognized during the work
with our Andros material and described by Lassen (1996). It occurs in several
localities mainly in the E and S part of Andros and has also been found on
Tinos. It is usually 30-50 cm tall, a beautiful clover with light pinkish white
flowers, forming large stands. It occurs in several places within settlements and
cultivated areas and can, for example, be seen in a large population on the cas-
tle islet outside Andros town.
Campanula sartorii (Fig. 15, Map 8) has been found in many localities all
over the parts of Andros with schist cliffs and rocks, growing in more or less
shady positions of overhangs and rock fissures. It occurs also in similar sites on
Tinos. This species has no close relatives in the neighbouring areas, being most
similar to some species from Anatolia. It is a low-grown perennial Campanu-
la with usually 10-20 cm long branches and round, brittle leaves. It produces
many white flowers from early June to July.
Scilla andria (Map 74) was described by Speta (1991), using material from
Andros, near Arnas as type. He also reported it from a few localities on Naxos
and on Milos. It is similar to the widespread Scilla bifolia, but always has 3-5
leaves and usually 5-10(-15) flowers on a long scape. It flowers from late
February to early April, in most places only until mid-March. Not the least
because of the early flowering, it may be overlooked and more widespread in
the Kikladhes than hitherto known.
Verbascum phlomoides var. cycladum occurs in several places on Andros.
Material determined as this taxon has also been collected on several other
islands in the western and central Kikladhes and on Evvia. It is a distinctive
plant, tall and with very large, suborbicular lower stem leaves. It may be worth
a higher rank than the one assigned to it by Murbeck (1933), but we leave this
question for someone revising this large genus for the Greek flora. This up to
2 m tall, a large-flowered mullein that is most easily observed near the road
towards the rivulet WSW of Andros town.
Dianthus fruticosus subsp. fruticosus has been found on several islands in
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the W and SW Kikladhes (Runemark 1980). On Andros, it occurs only in a
small area N and E of Akra Apothikes with only one large local population.
5. 2. Northern mesophytic element
The importance of the wet places for the development of characteristic vege-
tation forms on Andros has been repeatedly stressed above. This means an
extension into the otherwise extremely summer-dry Kikladhian area of condi-
tions reminiscent of central and northern Europe. This is not unique for
Andros alone as it forms a link in a chain of moderately high islands, includ-
ing Evvia, Andros, Tinos, and Naxos.
The islands of this chain form, with their comparatively high hills and low
mountains, barriers which during late spring and summer force the prevailing
northern to northeastern winds to rise and form clouds. The effect is to uphold
areas with local climate reminiscent of middle European conditions. The cli-
mate of the Aegean has undergone a series of changes during rather recent
times. During periods when there has been a generally more moist climate,
this chain of islands may have developed areas with mesophytic conditions. If
such a migration route towards the centre of the southern Aegean has really
been occurring, then we could expect to find relict populations of several mes-
ophytic species on the islands of this chain. So which occur on Andros?
Equisetum arvense has been found only twice near Vourkoti on Andros. It
is scattered on the Greek mainland and occurs also on Evvia but is not record-
ed for the other Kikladhian islands.
Equisetum telmateia (Map 1) occurs on Andros only in the wettest parts of
Mt. Kouvara and Mt. Ag. Saranda. It is also known from Evvia and Naxos.
Ophioglossum vulgatum (Map 2) is also present on Naxos. It is rare and
scattered in Greece and has, as far as we know, not been found on Evvia, but
may have been overlooked in some places.
Blechnum spicant occurs near the western summit of Mt. Kouvara. It is a
mainly NW European calcifuge species with a few, scattered localities in main-
land Greece, Taygetos and W Kriti. It has not been found on Evvia or any Kik-
ladhian island except Andros.
Asplenium scolopendrium has only been found once on Andros, in a valley
near Vourkoti. It is known from a few limestone mountains on the Greek
mainland and the Ionian Islands, and also on Evvia.
Athyrium filix-femina occurs in a few rivulet valleys on the NE side of
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Andros. It occurs in many damp localities in the forest zone of mainland
Greece and also reaches Evvia and Naxos.
Alnus glutinosa (Map 7) is limited to a few, constantly moist rivulet valleys
on Andros. It is not uncommon in similar localities on the mainland and
occurs also on Evvia and on Naxos.
Listera ovata has been found in one spring-fed march on the NE ridge of
Mt. Kouvara. It is widespread in the mountains of the mainland and is also
found on Kriti and a few of the large E Aegean islands. It is also present on
Evvia but the locality on Mt. Kouvara is the only one in the Kikladhes.
Spiranthes spiralis occurs in a fen with running water on the slope of Mt.
Kouvara, E of Palaiopolis. It is not uncommon on the mainland and also
reaches Kriti and a few of the large E Aegean islands and Evvia. In the Kik-
ladhes it is only known from this single locality on Andros.
Platanus orientalis was one of Rechinger’s (1950) strongest arguments for
the special “Kykladenfenster”, being common in the other parts of Greece but
lacking in the Kikladhes. It is in fact present in several rivulet valleys on Andros
(Map 49) and also on Tinos, Naxos, Amorgos and Ios as well as on Evvia.
Mercurialis ovata occurs also on Evvia. Its most south-eastern outpost is on
the N flank of Mt. Kouvara and in the rivulet course near Vourkoti. It is main-
ly a plant of shady places in forests of the N Greek mainland.
Crataegus monogyna (Map 55) is scattered in moist or shady localities
throughout Andros but is most common in the cloud regions of the mountains.
It is common on the mainland and occurs on most large islands of the E, N and
Central Aegean, including Evvia. In the Kikladhes it is only known from
Andros and Naxos.
Agrimonia eupatoria subsp. eupatoria has only been found in one place, in
the valley S of Remata. It occurs in mainland Greece and also on Evvia.
Potentilla micrantha is found on the N slope of Mt. Kouvara near Arnas, its
only locality in the Kikladhes. It is widespread on the mainland and the N
Aegean islands and also reaches Evvia.
Primula vulgaris subsp. vulgaris (Fig. 16) is a characteristic member of the
flora in areas with running water on Andros (Map 52). It is also present on
Evvia and Tinos. It is widespread in Greece but lacking on the other islands of
the Kikladhes.
Cruciata pedemontana occurs in a few places on the N ridge of Mt. Kou-
vara. It is scattered throughout mainland Greece, and has also been found on
Evvia and Naxos.
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Galium rotundifolium has only been found on the N ridge of Mt. Kouvara
and is also present on Evvia. It is scattered throughout the Greek mainland
and is also known from W Kriti and the N Aegean islands.
Clinopodium vulgare (Map 37) occurs in some moist or shady localities on
the NW and central regions of Andros and is also known from Evvia, Tinos
and Naxos. It is scattered throughout mainland Greece.
Mycelis muralis is not uncommon in wet places and mountain forests of main-
land Greece and Evvia. On Andros it has been found along the rivulet course of
the Vourkoti valley, on the N slope of Mt. Kouvara, on Mt. Ag. Saranda, and
near Vitali. It is not known to occur on the other Kikladhian islands.
Achillea ligustica (Map 15) occurs in many places on mountain slopes and
damp valleys on Andros but is lacking in the extreme N and S of the island. It
is scattered on the mainland and also reaches western Kriti and Evvia but not
the other islands of the Kikladhes.
Carex pendula grows along several rivulets on Andros, e.g., one passing
Remata, and the rivulet in the Vitali valley. It is not uncommon in similar
localities on the mainland and on Evvia but only occurs by rivulets on Andros
in the Kikladhes.
The above survey gives 21 examples of mesophytic species on Andros.
Nineteen of them are also present on Evvia, 3 on Tinos and 8 on Naxos. Evvia
has considerably more species with similar ecological preferences. Evvia with-
out doubt forms an important outpost towards the S Aegean of northern and
mainland mesophytic flora. Some of these species have successfully advanced
further along the chain of mesophytic localities on the large Kikladhian
islands. A considerable number have reached Andros, but only a few have
come as far as the moist valleys of Naxos. The islands of Tinos and the still
lower Mikonos are weak links in the chain, as demonstrated by the very few
mesophytic species on Tinos today.
5. 3. Kikhladian gap or insular gaps
Rechinger (1950) stated in his phytogeographic survey of the Aegean area,
that there is a special Kikladhian Gap (“Kykladenfenster”) in the distribution
of some plants. A considerable number of species that occur on both the Euro-
pean continent and in Anatolia, and often also on Kriti, are lacking in the Kik-
ladhes.
More recently thorough investigations have reduced the number of total
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Kikladhian Gap species missing considerably. In many cases, these species are
limited instead to one or a few of the Kikladhian islands. But there are also
other cases where a species is present on several islands but lacking on others.
In some cases, the gaps in the Kikladhes may be explained by the absence
of high mountains and large wetland areas. There have certainly been times
when the climate was warmer and drier than today. During such periods some
wet habitat species have become extinct in a number of islands. In many cases
these species have not been able to reinvade all the islands, and so gaps have
resulted which cannot be explained on the basis of present climatic conditions.
The above explanation is certainly only valid for a proportion of the species
lacking in the Kikladhes. Some others are lowland species occurring in com-
mon-place dry vegetation forms. Our experience from inventories from other
islands indicates, however, that this is true for all or most islands. On every
island investigated, large or small, there are always some common species
lacking. We have searched, in vain, on Andros for several species which are
common in neighbouring areas. Some striking examples are Bupleurum tri-
chopodum, Aethionema saxatilis, Rapistrum rugosum, Reseda luteola, Tripodion
tetraphyllum, Cyclamen graecum, Bubonium aquaticum, Valerianella vesicaria,
and Centranthus calcitrapa. Some of these may be found later, but most of
them certainly do not occur on Andros.
We should also draw attention to the presence of insular gaps in plant dis-
tributions in these islands. If the same species is lacking on several neighbour-
ing islands, these are called island group gaps. Each species has its own histo-
ry, leading to a distribution dependant on its ecological preferences and abili-
ty to spread as well as on present-day and former climatic conditions. If a
group of islands lacks the same species, this may also be an argument for rec-
ognizing them as a phytogeographic unit. If several species are concerned, it
may be just as important as the presence of some common endemics. But this
also applies to other groups of islands as well as the Kikladhes.
6. Protection of plants and vegetation
6. 1. Pollution
The worst problems facing those who want to preserve the vegetation and wild
flora of Andros are probably those of accidental or deliberate fires and over-
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grazing. But another major problem is the uncontrolled waste-dumping which
is gradually becoming more disturbing. It has caused comparatively little per-
manent effect as long as mainly organic matter was dumped, but has now
become more serious with the increasing use of plastics. Some radical meas-
ures will soon have to be taken in order to bring the dumping activities under
public control.
The sewage from townships and hotels is another problem that has to be
solved before serious ecological effects occur.
6. 2. Areas of special importance
There are, at present, no natural reserves for the protection of habitats and
flora on Andros. It is high time to change this, because of the present rapid
changes in land use and the growing tourist industry.
There are several endemic taxa occurring only on Andros or on Andros
and a few other sites. There are also isolated outposts of other species which
have certainly changed in genetic content during their often very long periods
of isolation. In order to save the genetic diversity in the Greek flora it is, there-
fore, very important that some areas of vegetation on Andros are spared from
destructive management or other possible threats. This can only be effected by
the establishment of a number of local nature reserves. From our present,
thorough knowledge of the plant distribution on the island we can pinpoint a
few especially important areas. They are numbered below, the numbers refer-
ring to corresponding figures on the map, Fig. 34.
1. The northern ridge of Mt. Kouvara. The whole mountain ridge from about
500 m up to the summits should be included. The area on the N slope just
above and SW of the village Arnas (Fig. 18) is especially important because it
is the only or one of very few localities for a number of species. Among the
most important are Paeonia mascula subsp. hellenica (Fig. 19), Corydalis tha-
sia, Ranunculus thasius, Geocaryum macrocarpum, Mercurialis ovata, Galium
rotundifolium, and Scilla andria. In other places on the ridge Cruciata pede-
montana, Rubus canescens,Rosa agrestis, Listera ovata, Crocus sieberi subsp.
atticus, and Blechnum spicant are also important.
2. The limestone cliff E of Akra Apothikes. This site is important because of
the large and beautiful population of Dianthus fruticosus subsp. fruticosus and
the other chasmophytes including Carum multiflorum. The cliff, as such, is
scenically imposing and is a part of Andros that should be preserved for future
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generations and visitors. The limestone quarry north of the locality does not
form any immediate threat at present. But with future requests for more lime-
stone, the extension of the quarries should be carried out in locations other
than this botanically interesting and important cliff. The present high activity
in the quarry makes it essential that the establishment of a reserve here is
given high priority.
3. The Aladino cave on the lower N slope of Mt. Gerakonas was recently
discussed in a publication by Petrochilou et al. (1994). It is a very fine lime-
stone cave, as far as we know, the only one of such a great size in the Kiklad-
hes. It has become so well-known that it is threatened by the vandalism of
some visitors. It should be protected by rules that prevent it being visited
except under proper control of authorized guides. A reserve here should also
automatically include some of the small neighbouring limestone area.
4. The Sineti rivulet valley (Fig. 35). This area has been discussed as a pos-
sible reserve in order to preserve an example of the cultivated rivulet courses.
The water here has been used for irrigation and a series of small dams has
been constructed for this purpose as well as for some small water-mills. In the
valley are also some fine examples of the traditional tower pigeon-houses (Fig.
36).
If this site is to be conserved, a plan for continued maintenance must also
be established. The old dams are important for the threatened water plants
and animals which here should be able to survive. They also contribute to
maintaining the moist conditions in the valley during the dry summer season.
The waste-dumping in the lower part of the valley should also be stopped as
soon as possible and some restoration work undertaken. Some terraces are
still in more or less traditional use, especially in the lower levels and on the
south side of the valley. A continuation of this use is important to maintain the
integrity of the area.
The preservation of a small area like this which is maintained by a balance
of nature and human influence, will no doubt require resources to be provid-
ed and some voluntary work by interested people. But the local interest for
such a project is promising and may lead to the establishment of attitudes that
mean there will be better chances for keeping examples of all the genetic and
habitat diversity on Andros.
5. The islets around Andros. The small islets contain fine examples of the
specialized elements of plants adapted to such localities in the Aegean. Their
long-time isolated small populations of other plant species are also of interest
SNOGERUP, STAMATIADOU, BOTHMER&GUSTAFSSON: FLORA OF ANDROS 107
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for future research. Eight of the islets are already included in a long term study
of flora and population dynamics as already mentioned above.
6. The sandy beaches. Some beaches, especially those near Gavrion and
Batsi, have already been much changed by building activity and development
for tourists. Even for the latter purpose it is important that a few of the
unspoiled beaches are retained in a natural state. Especially well suited for
such reserves would be the beaches of Korthion, Vitali and Ateni. Not only
building activities but also the disastrous waste-dumping should be prevented
within the beaches themselves.
7. The N slope of Mt. Gerakonas from Livadia and Vrachnou to Moni
Panachrantou and Falika. This area contains a forest of deciduous trees with
small damp valleys, mostly on former farmland. Most of it has certainly been
subject to construction of terraces, but the human impact seems to have been
more moderate than elsewhere. In this area is the only occurrence of the
Andros endemic Ferulago sartorii which it is essential to conserve.
In common, for most of the areas proposed for protection, is the need for
approved plans for their protection. As already pointed out above, most of the
habitats on Andros have been formed by a balance between long-lasting
human impact and natural factors. It is, therefore, rarely enough to establish
a reserve protected against building and other activities. It is also important
that traditional landuse continues or that other measures are taken to achieve
the same effect.
7. Species list
All taxa included in this list have either been verified by ourselves or, in a few
cases, reported under such circumstances that we regard a mistake as certain-
ly excluded.
All localities are cited in full only for taxa that are either very rare on
Andros or known from few places in the rest of Greece. Even in the latter case
full listing has in several cases been replaced by a map. For other taxa we write
“several localities” when we consider the number to be in tens. “Many locali-
ties” stands for presumed hundreds, “common” is used for taxa that occur in
thousands of places, either all over the island or in a certain type of locality.
For those taxa that are mapped or considered more or less common, we list
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only a few vouchers by collectors number and herbarium. Voucher material
exists for most taxa in LD, for a considerable number also in ATH, B, and
UPA.
We have tried to include notes about the usual types of habitat, altitudinal
preferences etc. This type of information refers only to the circumstances on
Andros.
When nothing is said about habitat and/or frequency, this means that we
do not have sufficient background for any such statements.
Collector names for collections made by us are abbreviated as: Sven
Snogerup = SS, Britt Snogerup = BS, Roland von Bothmer = B, Mats
Gustafsson = G, and Elli Stamatiadou = St.
Selaginellaceae
Selaginella denticulata (L.) Link
Common in various types of vegetation, often growing on rocks and boulders.
Voucher: SS & B 32725 (LD).
Isoetaceae
Isoetes duriei Bory
In open, permanently or seasonally wet localities. Rare.
C. 2.5 km WNW-W of Apoikia, 550-720 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ53’E, 15 May 1968,
SS & B 31790 (LD); in the valley 1.5-2 km NE of Vourkoti, 250-300 m,
37Æ52’N 24Æ54’E, 16 May 1968, SS & B 31949 (LD); in the valley 2-3 km SW
of Akra Gria, 50-100 m, 37Æ53’N 24Æ56’E, 5 March 1969, SS & B 38512 (LD);
Mt. Kouvara, 0.5-1 km SE of the top, 900 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ52’E, 8 March 1969,
SS & B 38765 (LD); 1.5 km SE of Kallivari, 100 m, 37Æ57’N 24Æ45’E, 11 March
1969, SS & B 38862 (LD); Ag. Simeon, in the village area, 400-500 m, 37Æ56’N
24Æ48’E, 9 May 1991, SS & BS 8020 (LD).
I. histrix Bory
In open, permanently or seasonally wet localities. Rare.
C. 1 km E-ESE of Palaiopolis, 350-450 m, 37Æ49’N 24Æ50’E, 18 May 1968,
SS & B 32274 (LD); c. 1.5 km ESE-E of Palaiopolis, 450-600 m, 37Æ49’N
24Æ50’E, 18 May 1968, SS & B 32318 (LD); Mt. Kouvara, 0.5-1 km SE of the
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top, 900 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ52’E, 8 March 1969, SS & B 38765-3 (LD); SE of Batsi,
2.5 km NW of the summit of Mt. Kouvara, 500 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ48’E, 30 May
1992, SS & BS 9070 (LD); 2 km SW of Ammolochos, open place with moving
water, 350 m, 37Æ55’N 24Æ44’E, 20 April 1995, SS & BS 11938 (LD).
Equisetaceae
Equisetum arvense L.
Only found twice near Vourkoti.
In the valley 1.5-2 km NE of Vourkoti, 250-300 m, 37Æ52’N 24Æ54’E, 16
May 1968, SS & B 31953 (LD); Vourkoti, below road bend at the entrance to
village, 37Æ51’N 24Æ53’E, 23 July 2000, Mucina & Sieben 6861/11 (LD).
E. ramosissimum Desf.
Common in permanently or seasonally wet localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 32332, 32508, 33306 (LD).
E. telmateia Ehrh.
In permanently moist localities. Rare. Map 1.
Vouchers: SS & B 32547, 38516 (LD), SS & BS 6581 (LD).
Ophioglossaceae
Ophioglossum vulgatum L.
In open, more or less permanently wet localities. Rare. Map 2.
1.5-2 km WNW-W of Apoikia, 430-530 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ53’E, 15 May 1968,
SS & B 31699 (LD); in the valley 1.5-2 km NE of Vourkoti, 250-300 m,
37Æ52’N 24Æ54’E, 16 May 1968, SS & B 31962 (LD); small rivulet valley c. 2.5
km S of the top of Mt. Ag. Saranda, 400-470 m, 37Æ55’N 24Æ47’E, 20 May
1968, SS & B 32575 (LD); Ag. Simeon, in the village area, wet slope near a
pond, 400-500 m, 37Æ56’N 24Æ48’E, 9 May 1991, SS & BS 8039 (LD); 1 km SW
of Ammolochos, small rivulet valley, 400 m, 37Æ55’N 24Æ45’E, 20 April 1995,
SS & BS obs.
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Adiantaceae
Adiantum capillus-veneris L.
In permanently wet, often shady localities with running water. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31700 (LD), St 4179, 6591 (ATH).
Anogramma leptophylla (L.) Link
Rocks, cliffs, terrace walls, usually in shady positions. Many localities.
Voucher: St 18307 (ATH).
Cheilanthes acrostica (Balbis) Tod.
Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 32634 (LD), SS & G 41725 (LD), SS & BS 3598 (LD).
Cosentinia vellea (Aiton) Tod. (= Cheilanthes catanensis (Cosent.) Fuchs)
Only found once.
Rocky peninsula 3 km NW of Gavrion, 0-50 m, 30 March 1971, SS & G 41727
(LD).
Aspleniaceae
Asplenium ceterach L. (= Ceterach officinarum Willd. subsp. officinarum)
Cliffs and rocks, mostly on limestone or hard schist. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 32140, 32439 (LD).
A. obovatum Viv.
Rare.
In ins. Andro ad rupes micaschist summo montis, 37Æ51’N 24Æ52’E, 23 July
1859, Sartori 2576 (G-BOIS); In the valley 1.5-2 km NE of Vourkoti, 250-300
m, 37Æ52’N 24Æ54’E, 16 May 1968, SS & B 31922, 31923 (LD); Mt. Kouvara,
the top church, 980 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ52’E, 18 May 1968, SS & B 32353 (LD);
cliffs c. 1 km NE of Ano Gavrion, 500-600 m, 37Æ55’N 24Æ46’E, 1 April 1971,
SS & G 41851 (LD); 2 km NW of the summit of Mt. Kouvara, in schistose
cliffs, 550-600 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ48’E, 10 June 1992, SS & BS 9306 (LD).
A. onopteris L.
Several localities.
Vouchers: St 18304 (ATH), SS & B 31710 (LD), SS & BS 11941 (B, LD).
A. scolopendrium L.
Only found once.
Village of Vourkoti, shady and moist-sandy places by the river, 600-650 m,
37Æ52’N 24Æ54’E, 19 Febr. 1971, St 10839 (ATH).
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A. trichomanes L.
Only found once.
Mt. Kouvara, the top church, in shaded stone wall, 980 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ52’E,
18 May 1968, SS & B 32353 (LD).
Blechnaceae
Blechnum spicant (L.) Roth
Only found once.
Mt. Kouvara, small fen SE of the top, c. 900 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ52’E, 18 May
1968, SS & B 32352 (LD).
Dennstaedtiaceae
Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn subsp. aquilinum
Periodically wet slopes. Scattered but locally common. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 32783 (LD), B 34851 (LD).
Dryopteridaceae
Dryopteris pallida (Bory) Maire & Petitm.
Rechinger 1943: 80. Wet and sheltered places. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31824, 38800 (LD).
Polystichum setiferum (Forskål) Woynar
In permanently wet localities. Rare. Map 3.
Vouchers: SS & B 31936, 31835, 38907 (LD).
Polypodiaceae
Polypodium cambricum L.
Wet and sheltered positions, usually among rocks and cliffs. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 38481, 38805 (LD), SS & G 41850 (LD).
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Woodsiaceae
Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth
In permanently wet localities. Rare.
In the valley 1.5-2 km NE of Vourkoti, 250-300 m, 37Æ52’N 24Æ54’E, 16
May 1968, SS & B 31937 (LD); S of Remata, the rivulet valley, 0.5 km above
the road, 150 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ50’E, 28 Aug. 1994, SS & BS 11628 (LD); 0.5 km
SW of the church of Arnas, moist and shady cliffs in small rivulet course, 400-
450 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ50’E, 28 Aug. 1994, SS & BS 11643 (LD); the rivulet valley
SW of Vourkoti, 600-650 m, 37Æ44’N 24Æ55’E, 30 Aug. 1994, SS & BS 11685,
11686 (LD).
Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh.
In a seasonally moist terrace wall. Only found once.
The SE part of the village Arni, 500-600 m, 37Æ52’N 24Æ51’E, 9 April 1985,
SS & BS 3565 (LD).
Ephedraceae
Ephedra foeminea Forskål
Mostly on rocks and cliffs or climbing in trees. Many localities.
Rechinger 1943: 86. Vouchers: SS & B 31421 (LD), SS & BS 11660 (LD).
Cupressaceae
Cupressus sempervirens L.
Commonly planted. Remaining in formerly cultivated areas and apparent-
ly naturalized e.g. S of Ateni, near Arni and SE of Vitalio. The naturalized
populations contain different growth forms, including the typical wild form.
Dicotyledonae
Acantaceae
Acanthus spinosus L.
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Mostly in cultivated and disturbed localities. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 32925 (LD), SS & BS 11601 (LD).
Aceraceae
Acer sempervirens L.
Mostly in cliffs, macchie and rivulet valleys. Common. Map 4.
Vouchers: SS & B 32142 (LD), SS & BS 9235 (LD), St 7769 (ATH), 17440
(ATH, C).
Aizoaceae
Aptenia cordifolia (L. fil.) Schwantes
Batsi, below a maritime rock at the E side of the harbour, 1-2 m, 37Æ51’N
24Æ47’E, 10 June 1992, SS & BS 9313 (LD). Introduced. Observed in this site
1964-1995, now threatened, in narrow strip between street and rock.
Carpobrotus edulis (L.) N. E. Br.
Naturalized, mostly in maritime localities.
Voucher: SS & BS 9187 (LD).
Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum L.
Rocky, maritime localities, mainly on islets and exposed shores. Rare. Map 5.
Vouchers: SS & B 31175, 33224 (LD),
Amaranthaceae
All taxa occur as weeds or ruderals and have certainly been introduced, some
recently, others being palaeochorics.
Amaranthus albus L.
Opiso Meria, roadside below irrigated gardens and fields, 100-150 m,
37Æ44’N 24Æ55’E, 29 Aug. 1994, SS & BS 11674 (LD).
A. blitoides S. Watson
At the river S of the town of Andros, 0-10 m, 37Æ50’N 24Æ56’E, 23 May
1968, SS & B 33011 (LD).
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A. blitum L.
Near Chora Andros, fields 300 m WSW of the beach, 37Æ50’N 24Æ56’E, 23
Aug. 1994, SS & BS 11518 (LD).
A. cruentus L.
Palaiopolis, 200-250 m, 18 May 1968, SS & B 32192 (LD); Near the rivulet
S of Remata, c. 5 km ENE of Batsi, 150 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ50’E, 1 June 1992, SS
& BS 9108 (LD).
A. deflexus L.
Chora, in the N part of the township, 0-50 m, 37Æ50’N 24Æ56’E, 4 June
1992, SS & BS 9185 (LD); in the village of Apoikia, 200 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ54’E,
8 June 1992, SS & BS 9277 (LD); Apikia, in and below irrigated gardens, 250
m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ54’E, 27 Aug. 1994, SS & BS 11615 (B, LD).
A. graecizans L. var. sylvestris (Vill.) Asch.
Opiso Meria, roadside below irrigated gardens and fields, 100-150 m,
37Æ44’N 24Æ55’E, 29 Aug. 1994, SS & BS 11673 (LD); in the village of Fallika,
300 m, 37Æ48’N 24Æ54’E, 31 Aug. 1994, SS & BS 11692 (LD); in the village of
Kallivari, 37Æ57’N 24Æ44’, 1 Sept. 1994, SS & BS 11710 (LD).
A. hybridus L.
Fields near the rivulet S of Chora Andros, 37Æ50’N 24Æ56’E, 23 Aug. 1994,
SS & BS 11501 (LD).
A. hybridus xretroflexus
The SW part of Batsi near the sea, on dry, open soil, 37Æ51’N 24Æ47’E, 22
Aug. 1994, SS & BS 11490 (LD).
A. hypochondriacus L.
S of Remata, the rivulet valley, field S of the rivulet, 150 m, 37Æ51’N
24Æ50’E, 28 Aug. 1994, SS & BS 11626 (LD).
A. retroflexus L.
SE of Chora, field near the sea, 37Æ50’N 24Æ56’E, 4 June 1992, SS & BS
9191 (LD); the S part of the harbour village of Ormos Korthion, 37Æ46’N
24Æ57’E, 7 June 1992, SS & BS 9268 (LD).
A. viridis L.
Fields, roadsides and maritime localities. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 33010 (LD) SS & BS 11515, 11648 (LD).
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Anacardiaceae
Pistacia lentiscus L.
Different dry localities. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 38511 (LD), St 7703 (ATH). A few specimens resem-
bling var. chia (Desf. ex Poiret) DC. occur near the old road S of the
monastery of Zoodochos Pighi, probably introduced.
P. terebinthus L.
Cliffs, macchie and terraces. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31755 (LD), SS & BS 11585 (LD), St 7765 (ATH).
Apocynaceae
Nerium oleander L.
Rivulet courses, valleys. Map 6.
Vouchers: SS & B 32736 (LD), St 4199, 6608 (ATH).
Vinca major L.
Locally introduced by cultivation as an ornamental.
In the village area of Arnas, 450 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ50’E, 1 June 1992, SS & BS
9117 (LD); Ammolochos, the SW part of the village areas, 400 m, 37Æ54’N
24Æ45’E, 20 April 1995, SS & BS obs.
Araliaceae
Hedera helix L.
Mostly in rivulet valleys and among trees. Common.
Voucher: B 34857 (LD).
Aristolochiaceae
Aristolochia rotunda L. subsp. insularis (Nardi & Arrigoni) Gamisans
The species is common. Although only a few specimens have been checked,
probably all material on Andros belongs to this subspecies.
Ad muros et rupes in Apoikia pago insul. Andri, 37Æ51’N 24Æ55’E, 25 July
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1859, Sartori 3618 (G-BOIS); in the village area of Arnas, 450 m, 37Æ51’N
24Æ50’E, 1 June 1992, SS & BS 9112 (B, LD, UPA).
Asclepiadaceae
Asclepias fruticosa L.
Locally introduced.
In the valley S-SW of the town of Andros, 0-50 m, 37Æ50’N 24Æ56’E, 14
June 1968, B 34821 (LD); Opiso Meria, roadside below irrigated gardens and
fields, 100-150 m, 37Æ44’N 24Æ55’E, 29 Aug. 1994, SS & BS 11676 (LD).
Cionura erecta (L.) Griseb.
Mostly rocky places at low altitudes. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS 21115 (LD), SS & B 32197 (LD), St 6566 (ATH).
Cynanchum acutum L.
Wet localities, often in cultivated areas. Scattered.
Vouchers: SS 21128 (LD), SS & B 32010 (LD).
Betulaceae
Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertner
Along permanent watercourses. Map 7.
Vouchers: SS & B 31960 (LD), St 4189, 10807 (ATH).
Corylus avellana L.
In the village area of Arnas, 450 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ50’E, 1 June 1992, SS & BS
9113 (LD).
Boraginaceae
Anchusa hybrida Ten.
Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31649 (LD), St 7797 (ATH).
A. italica Retz.
As a weed and ruderal. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31954 (LD), B 34826 (LD), St 7684 (ATH).
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Anchusella variegata (L.) Bigazzi, Nardi & Selvi
Only found once.
Rocky peninsula 3 km NW of Gavrion, 0-50 m, 37Æ54’N 24Æ42’E, 30 March
1971, SS & G 41726 (LD).
Borago officinalis L.
In villages and on Megalonisos. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 38974 (LD), SS & BS 9276 (LD).
Buglossoides arvensis (L.) I. M. Johnston subsp. arvensis
Mostly as a weed. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31482, 39001 (LD), SS & BS 7964 (LD).
Cerinthe major L.
Mostly roadsides and fields. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 32053 (LD), SS & G 41806 (LD), St 7742 (ATH).
Cynoglossum columnae Ten.
Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 32650 (LD), SS & G 42060 (LD).
C. creticum Miller
Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31638 (LD), St 7712 (ATH).
Echium arenarium Guss.
Various dry localities, mostly coastal. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31959 (LD), SS & G 41691 (LD).
E. parviflorum Moench
Various dry localities, mostly coastal. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 32642, 38958 (LD).
E. plantagineum L.
Various types of localities, mostly in the lowlands. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 38456 (LD), St 6611, 10816 (ATH).
Heliotropium dolosum De Not.
Weed and ruderal. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31524 (LD), SS & BS 11488, 11504, 11596 (LD).
H. europaeum L.
Weed and ruderal. Two localities known, probably overlooked and more
common.
S of Menites, 200 m, 37Æ49’N 24Æ53’E, 27 Aug. 1994, SS & BS 11624 (LD);
Opiso Meria, roadside below irrigated gardens and fields, 100-150 m, 37Æ44’N
24Æ55’E, 29 Aug. 1994, SS & BS 11671 (LD).
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H. hirsutissimum Grauer
Only found as a field weed in two places.
In the village of Fallika, 300 m, 37Æ48’N 24Æ54’E, 31 Aug. 1994, SS & BS
11693 (LD); N of the northern bay of Ormos Fellos, fields and rivulet bed,
37Æ53’N 24Æ42’E, 1 Sept. 1994, SS & BS 11705 (LD).
H. suaveolens MB.
Weed and ruderal. Only found in two places.
The village of Aipatia, 20 m, 37Æ45’N 24Æ55’E, 29 Aug. 1994, SS & BS
11650 (LD); Opiso Meria, roadside below irrigated gardens and fields, 100-
150 m, 37Æ44’N 24Æ55’E, 29 Aug. 1994, SS & BS 11672 (B, LD).
Myosotis discolor Pers.
Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31758 (LD), SS & BS 9142 (LD).
M. incrassata Guss.
Open soil in dry vegetation. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 38425, 38600 (LD), St 7726, 7808 (ATH).
M. litoralis Fischer
Only found in two places.
2 km NE of Ag. Petros. Phrygana with scattered parts of macchie, 350-400
m, 37Æ55’N 24Æ47’E, 20 May 1968, SS & B 32404 (LD); Gavronisia, the island
of Megaloniso, 37Æ51’N 24Æ51’E, 12 March 1969, SS & B 38972 (LD).
M. ramosissima Rochel subsp. ramosissima
Open soil in dry vegetation. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 38990 (LD), St 7691, 7809 (ATH).
Neatostema apulum (L.) I. M. Johnston
Only found in one place.
The island of Megalo S of Gavrion, 37Æ51’N 24Æ45’E, 12 May 1968, SS & B
31136 (LD), 5 April 1971, SS & G 42019 (LD).
Symphytum bulbosum C. Schimper
Mostly in shady or periodically wet localities. Several localities, scattered.
Vouchers: SS & B 33099 (LD), St 7772 (ATH), SS & BS 3561, 9114 (B, LD).
Cactaceae
Opuntia ficus-barbarica A. Berger
Escaped from cultivation. Rare.
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Batsi, SE of the village, roadside and former cultivations, 100 m, 37Æ51’N
24Æ47’E, 30 May 1992, SS & BS obs.
Campanulaceae
Campanula erinus L.
Various types of localities. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31495 (LD), SS & G 41675 (LD).
C. reiseri Halácsy
Only found in two closely situated places in small limestone cliffs.
The western valley c. 3 km NNE of Kallivari, 50-100 m, 37Æ59’N 24Æ45’E,
31 March 1971, SS & G 41761 (LD); the eastern valley c. 3 km NNE of Kalli-
vari, 0-100 m, 37Æ59’N 24Æ46’E, 31 March 1971, SS & G 41764 (LD).
C. sartorii Boiss. & Heldr.
Sheltered places in cliffs and rocks. Map 8.
Vouchers: Heldreich 954 (LD), SS & BS 11577, SS 21099 (LD), St 6599,
6601 (ATH).
C. spathulata Sm. subsp. spruneriana (Hampe) Hayek
Moist and sheltered places. Map 9.
Vouchers: SS & B 31853 (LD), SS & BS 9282 (LD), St 6583 (ATH).
Legousia speculum-veneris (L.) Chaix
Various types of open vegetation. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 33118 (LD), SS & BS 6583, 11977 (LD).
Solenopsis laurentia (L.) C. Presl
Permanently wet localities. Rare.
C. 2.5 km WNW-W of Apoikia, 550-720 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ53’E, 15 May 1968,
SS & B 31778 (LD); c. 1 km E-ESE of Palaiopolis, 350-450 m, 37Æ49’N
24Æ50’E, 18 May 1968, SS & B 32272 (LD); c. 1.5 km ESE-E of Palaiopolis,
450-600 m, 37Æ49’N 24Æ50’E, 18 May 1968, SS & B 32294 (LD); small rivulet
valley c. 2.5 km S of the top of Mt. Ag. Saranda, 400-470 m, 37Æ55’N 24Æ47’E,
20 May 1968, SS & B 32566 (LD).
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Capparaceae
Capparis spinosa L.
Mostly maritime rocks. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31235, 31556 (LD).
Caprifoliaceae
Lonicera etrusca Santi
Climbing among shrubs and trees. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31592 (LD), SS & BS 9091 (B, LD), St 6573 (ATH).
Sambucus ebulus L.
In cultivated areas, introduced. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31603 (LD), SS & BS 9273 (LD).
Caryophyllaceae
Agrostemma githago L. subsp. githago
A field weed. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 32078 (LD), SS & BS 7955 (LD).
Arenaria leptoclados (Reichenb.) Guss.
Various dry, open localities. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31120 (LD), SS & G 41973 (LD).
Cerastium comatum Desv.
Open areas in various types of vegetation. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 38598 (LD), SS & BS 6611 (LD, UPA), St 18312 (ATH).
C. glomeratum Thuill.
Open areas in various types of vegetation. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31837 (LD), SS & BS 9297, 11688 (LD).
C. pumilum Curtis subsp. glutinosum (Fries) Corb.
Early flowering, perhaps overlooked. Collected in four places.
Vouchers: SS & BS 7928 (C, LD), SS & BS 7909,7987, 11919 (LD), Muci-
na & Sieben 6844/02, 6845/01 (Mucina, private herb.).
C. semidecandrum L.
Open areas in various types of vegetation. Many localities.
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Vouchers: SS & B 32387 (LD), SS & BS 6595 (LD).
Dianthus diffusus Sm.
Many localities.
Vouchers: Sartori 2865 (G-BOIS), SS & B 31849 (LD), SS & BS 9125 (LD),
St 6577 (ATH).
D. fruticosus L. subsp. fruticosus
Calcicole chasmophyte. Rare.
Near the sea 2 km SW of Zaganiari, 50-100 m, 37Æ46’N 24Æ52’E, 16 June
1964, SS 21119 (LD); c. 1.5 km ESE of Akra Apothikes, 80-200 m, 37Æ47’N
24Æ52’E, 21 May 1968, SS & B 32617 (LD); SE of the village of Paleopolis,
above road to Stavropeda, place named Kaki Melissa, 150-200 m, 37Æ48’N
24Æ51’E, 13 June 1969, St 6615 (ATH); limestone cliffs above the SE bay of
Ormos Apothikes, 100 m, 37Æ47’N 24Æ52’E, 10 June 1992, SS & BS 9308 (B,
C, LD, UPA). The last-mentioned site contains the only large population.
D. tripunctatus Sm.
Probably several localities. Only collected twice.
Gavrion, seashore and meadows W of the town, 37Æ53’N 24Æ44’E, 10 June
1968, B 34551a (LD); Kallivari, in the valley W and NW of the village, 200 m,
37Æ58’N 24Æ45’E, 12 June 1968, B 34713 (LD).
Herniaria cinerea DC.
Only found in one place.
The islet of Akramatis S of Gavrion, loose schist, 15 m, 37Æ52’N 24Æ45’E,
3 April 1971, SS & G 41920 (LD).
H. hirsuta L.
Various types of open vegetation. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31708 (LD), SS & BS 11573 (LD).
Holosteum umbellatum L.
Early flowering annual. Scattered and occurring in very different numbers
in different years.
Vouchers: SS & B 31117, 38953 (LD).
Minuartia mediterranea (Link) K. Maly
′
The species is common on open areas in dry vegetation.
Oros Rahki, garigue NW-W of the top, 600-800 m, 37Æ44’N 24Æ56’E, 17
May 1968, SS & B 32109 (LD); 2 km NE of Ag. Petros, 350-400 m. Phrygana
with scattered spots of macchie, 37Æ55’N 24Æ47’E, 18 May 1968, SS & B 32403
(LD); the S-slope 1-2.5 km W of Andros (Kastron), 50-200 m, 37Æ50’N
24Æ55’E, 6 April 1971, SS & G 42046 (LD); WSW of Chora Andros, S side of
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the Messaria valley, schist. Stabilized road slope, 50 m, 37Æ49’N 24Æ52’E, 19
April 2000, SS & BS 16768 (UPS).
Moenchia graeca Boiss. & Heldr.
Periodically wet places. Several localities.
Vouchers: St 18311 (ATH); SS & BS 12018 (LD).
Paronychia echinulata Chater
Only found once.
2 km NE of Ag. Petros, phrygana with scattered parts of macchie, 350-400
m, 37Æ55’N 24Æ47’E, 20 May 1968, SS & B 32388 (LD).
P. macrosepala Boiss.
Mostly cliffs and rocks. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31564 (LD), SS & BS 7908 (LD), St 18260 (ATH).
Petrorhagia dubia (Rafin.) G. Lfipez & Romo (= P. velutina (Guss.) P. W.
Ball & Heyw.)
Various types of vegetation. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31833 (LD), SS & BS 7931 (LD).
Polycarpon tetraphyllum (L.) L. (including P. alsinifolium (Biv.) DC. and
P. diphyllum Cav.)
Various open localities, fields. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31569 (LD), SS & BS 3523 (LD).
Sagina apetala Ard.
Open soil, mostly coastal. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31759 (LD), SS & BS 7986 (LD).
S.maritima G. Don
Open soil, mostly coastal. Map 10.
Vouchers: SS & B 31416 (LD), SS & BS 7880 (LD).
Saponaria officinalis L.
The citation by Malakates (1933) refers to cultivated material. In Aug.
1994 we found it growing in a garden in Arnas, planted for ornamental pur-
poses.
Scleranthus perennis L. subsp. dichotomus (Schur) Nyman
Only found on Mt. Kouvara. Map 11.
Vouchers: SS & BS 9285, SS 21096 (LD), St 18339 (ATH).
Silene colorata Poiret
Various types of vegetation. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31568 (LD), SS & BS 3526 (LD), St 6598, 10818 (ATH).
S. cretica L.
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Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31636 (LD), SS & BS 6633 (LD).
S. gallica L.
Various open habitats, often as a weed. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31848 (LD), SS & BS 6640 (C, LD), St 7689, 10800
(ATH).
S. italica (L.) Pers. subsp. italica
Usually in shady positions among rocks or under trees and shrubs. Several
localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 32219 (LD), SS & BS 9140 (B, LD).
S. nocturna L.
Various open habitats, often as a weed. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 32626 (LD), SS & BS 6625 (C, LD).
S. pentelica Boiss.
Probably rare. Only collected in three places.
Oros Rakhi, 600-800 m, 37Æ44’N 24Æ56’E, 17 May 1968, SS & B 32111
(LD); 2.5 km ENE of Vitali, 0-10 m, 37Æ56’N 24Æ49’E, 4 April 1971, SS & G
41962 (LD); the rivulet valley N of Remata, 100 m, 37Æ52’N 24Æ50’E, 23 April
1995, SS & BS 11974 (LD); Remata, mid-slope, 140 m, 37Æ52’N 24Æ49’E, 20
April 2000, Mucina & Sieben 7106/16 (Mucina, private herb.).
S. sedoides Poiret subsp. sedoides
Coastal rocks, open soil. Map 12.
Vouchers: SS & B 31129 (LD), St 18271 (ATH).
S. vulgaris (Moench) Garcke subsp. macrocarpa Turrill
Many localities.
Vouchers: St 7713, 7796 (ATH), SS & B 33088 (LD), SS & BS 6609 (LD).
Spergula arvensis L.
On open soil and as a weed. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 32339 (LD), SS & BS 7872 (LD).
S. pentandra L.
Rare. Only collected once.
Mainites, 300 m, 37Æ50’N 24Æ54’E, 6 March 1969, SS & B 38545 (LD).
Spergularia bocconei (Scheele) Graebner
Common in maritime and periodically moist localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 33185 (LD), SS & BS 6636 (LD).
S. maritima (All.) Chiov.
Open soil in maritime localities. Only found once.
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The N bay of Ormos Fellou, 0-5 m, 37Æ53’N 24Æ42’E, 20 April 1995, SS &
BS 11959 (LD).
S. rubra (L.) J. & C. Presl
Roadsides etc., rare, probably introduced.
The NE ridge of Mt. Kouvara (Petalon Oros), 2 km NE of the top called
Prof. Elias, 750 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ52’E, 3 June 1992, SS & BS 9172 (LD); 2.5 km
NW of the summit of Mt. Kouvara, 450 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ48’E, 28 Aug. 1994, SS
& BS obs; Chartes, the N part of the village area, 100 m, 37Æ57’N 24Æ43’E, 24
April 1995, SS & BS 11994 (LD).
S. salina J. & C. Presl
Common in maritime, often saline localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 32677 (LD), SS & BS 6582 (LD).
Stellaria cupaniana Jordan & Fourr.
Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 38808 (LD), Mucina & Sieben 6839/40 (Mucina, private
herb.).
S. media L.
Various types of localities. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31838 (LD), SS & BS 6613 (LD).
S. pallida (Dumort.) Piré
Mostly on open soil. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 32490 (LD), SS & BS 3502 (LD).
Vaccaria hispanica (Miller) Rauschert
A rare weed, probably casual. Only found once.
NE of Korthion, side of mule-track, 50 m, 37Æ46’N 24Æ57’E, 25 May 1968,
SS & B 33287 (LD).
Velezia quadridentata Sm.
Only collected twice, but probably not rare.
Oros Rakhi, garigue NW-W of the top, 600-800 m, 37Æ44’N 24Æ56’E, 17
May 1968, SS & B 32136 (LD); Gavrion, seashore and meadows W of the
town, 37Æ53’N 24Æ44’E, 10 June 1968, B 34550 (LD).
V. rigida L.
Only collected twice, but probably not rare.
C. 3 km S of the top of Mt. Rakhi, 50-100 m, 37Æ42’N 24Æ56’E, 13 May
1968, SS & B 31518 (LD); valley 2-3 km N of Gavrion, 0-300 m, 37Æ54’N
24Æ44’E, 11 June 1968, B 34622 (LD).
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Chenopodiaceae
Arthrocnemum macrostachyum (Moric.) K. Koch
Seashores. Probably only one locality.
Gavrion. Little islet W of Megalo Nisos, 37Æ51’N 24Æ44’E, 24 July 1960,
Runemark & Nordenstam 16808 (LD); the islet S of Akramatis, S of Gavrion,
37Æ51’N 24Æ45’E, 13 May 1968, SS & B 31427 (LD).
Atriplex halimus L.
Only found in one locality.
Akra Thiakion, the S side of the ridge leading to the cape, 50 m, 37Æ49’N
24Æ47’E, 2 Sept.1994, SS & BS 11718 (LD).
A. portulacoides L.
Seashores. Rare. Only found on Gavronisia.
Vouchers: SS & B 31249, 31400 (LD).
A. prostrata DC.
Mostly in maritime localities. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 32948, 33032, 33317 (LD), SS & BS 11532 (LD).
A. recurva D’Urv.
In maritime localities. Rare. Map 13.
Vouchers: SS & B 31245 (LD), SS & G 42088 (LD).
A. sagittata Borkh.
A rare ruderal, probably naturalized from cultivation as a vegetable.
The SW part of Batsi, near the sea, 37Æ51’N 24Æ47’E, 22 Aug. 1994, SS &
BS 11495 (LD).
Beta vulgaris L. subsp. maritima (L.) Arcang.
The SW-slope c. 1.5 km N of the harbour of Korthion, small ravine
between cultivations, 300 m, 37Æ47’N, 24Æ57’E, 25 May 1968, SS & B 33240
(LD); N of Batsi, 0-5 m, 37Æ52’N, 24Æ47’E, 22 May 1968, SS & B 32880 (LD).
Chenopodium album L.
As a weed and in ruderal localities. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31898, 33093 (LD), B 34777 (LD), SS & BS 9259 (LD).
C. ambrosioides L.
An introduced weedy and ruderal species, now apparently established.
In the valley S-SW of the town of Andros, 0-50 m, 37Æ50’N 24Æ56’E, 14
June 1968, B 34823 (LD); Chora, in the N part of the township, 0-50 m,
37Æ50’N 24Æ56’E, 4 June 1992, SS & BS 9184 (LD); the beach of Ateni, near a
pool in the rivulet bed, 37Æ54’E 24Æ50’E, 24 Aug. 1994, SS & BS 11533 (LD).
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C. ficifolium Sm.
Only found once.
Aufsteig von Giala nach Apikia, 1-320 m, 1 April 1991, Kalheber 91-0047
(Kalheber private herb.).
C. murale L.
Common as a weed and ruderal and around shelters for animals.
Vouchers: SS & B 32000, 32686 (LD).
C. opulifolium Schrader ex W.D.J. Koch & Ziz.
Mostly as a weed and ruderal. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 32001,32170 (LD), SS & BS 11567 (LD).
C. polyspermum L.
Probably recently introduced weed. Only found once.
The village of Arnas, 450 m, 37Æ51’ N 24Æ50’E, 28 Aug. 1994, SS & BS
11638 (LD).
C. vulvaria L.
Garden weed. Only found once.
The village area of Kallivari, 300 m, 37Æ58’N 24Æ45’E, 9 June 1992, SS &
BS 9298 (LD).
Salsola aegaea Rech. fil.
Maritime, usually rocky localities. Only in Gavronisia.
Vouchers: SS & B 31219 (LD), Runemark & Nordenstam 16810 (LD).
S. kali L.
Seashores. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 32698, 32945, 32856 (LD).
Cistaceae
Cistus creticus L.
Common in garigue.
Vouchers: St 18293 (ATH), SS & BS 9250 (LD).
C. salviifolius L.
In garigue. Map 14.
Vouchers: SS & B 38868 (LD), St 18294 (ATH).
Fumana arabica (L.) Spach
Common in phrygana and garigue.
Vouchers: SS & B 38732 (LD), SS & G 42078 (LD).
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F. thymifolia (L.) Webb
Phrygana and garigue on limestone. Only collected twice.
C. 1200 m E of Akra Apothikes, 0-20 m, 37Æ47’N 24Æ52’E, 21 May 1968, SS
& B 32683 (LD); The hill of Spartia NW of Chartes, limestone, 150-250 m,
37Æ57’N 24Æ43’E, 24 April 1995, SS & BS 11989 (LD);
Helianthemum salicifolium (L.) Miller
Elsewhere common on open areas on limestone, on Andros only noted
from two localities.
SSE of Batsi, Akr. Thiakion, 50 m, 37Æ49’N 24Æ47’E, 6 May 1991, SS & BS
obs; ibid 2 Sept. 1994, SS & BS obs; WSW of Chora Andros, S side of the Mes-
saria valley, 50 m, schist. Stabilized road slope, 37Æ49¢N 24Æ58ÆE, 19 April
2000, SS & BS 16789 (UPS).
Tuberaria guttata (L.) Fourr.
Common in various types of open vegetation.
Vouchers: SS & B 31686 (LD), St 18280, 18288 (ATH).
Compositae
Achillea ligustica All.
Mountain slopes. Map 15.
Vouchers: SS 21114 (LD), St 4194, 6604 (ATH).
Aetheorrhiza bulbosa (L.) Cass. subsp. microcephala Rech. fil.
The species is common. Probably all Andros material belongs to this subsp.
Vouchers: SS & B 31187 (LD), SS & G 42094 (LD).
Ambrosia maritima L.
Ruderal, only found in one place.
The S part of the harbour village of Ormos Korthion, 37Æ46’N 24Æ57’E, 7
June 1992, SS & BS 9261 (LD).
Andryala integrifolia L.
Maritime localities, mostly in sand. Rare.
W of the harbour of Andros, 0-10 m, 37Æ50’N 24Æ56’E, 14 May 1968, SS
& B 31574 (LD); at the river S of the town of Andros, 0-10 m, 37Æ50’N
24Æ56’E, 23 May 1968, SS & B 32969 (LD); the outer part of the valley S of
Akra Gria, 0-10 m, 37Æ54’N 24Æ57’E, 24 May 1968, SS & B 33059 (LD); N
of Batsi, maritime sand, 0-5 m, 37Æ52’N 24Æ46’E, 22 May 1968, SS & B
32843 (LD); Voris Beach, leeward slope of stabilized coastal dune, 2 m,
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37Æ54’N 24Æ52’E, 22 April 2000, Mucina & Sieben 7120/3 (Mucina, private
herb.).
Anthemis altissima L.
Only found once.
NW of Apoikia, 300-450 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ54’E, 15 May 1968, SS & B 31624
(LD).
A. arvensis L.
Different dry localities, often as a weed. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & BS 7933, 9098 (LD).
A. chia L.
Several types of localities. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 38528 (LD), SS & BS 3606 (LD).
A. cotula L.
A rare weed.
At the river S of the town of Andros, 0-10 m, 37Æ50’N 24Æ56’E, 23 May
1968, SS & B 32998 (LD); the outer part of the valley S of Akra Gria, 0-10 m,
37Æ54’N 24Æ57’E, 24 May 1968, SS & B 33094 (LD); near the rivulet S of
Remata, c. 5 km ENE of Batsi, in an irrigated field, 150 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ50’E,
1 June 1992, SS & BS 9099 (LD).
A. rigida Heldr. subsp. rigida
Different open, dry localities. Common.
Vouchers: SS 21101, SS & BS 6557 (LD, UPA), St 18262, 18337 (ATH).
A. werneri Stoj. & Acht.
Map 16.
subsp. insularis Georgiou
Common on islets.
Vouchers: SS & B 31284 (LD), SS & BS 3494 (LD).
subsp. werneri
The islet of Akramatis S of Gavrion, 37Æ52’N 24Æ45’E, 13 May 1968, SS &
B 31309 (LD).
Artemisia arborescens L.
Local escape from cultivation.
Valley 2-3 km N of Gavrion, 0-300 m, 37Æ54’N 24Æ44’E, 11 June 1968, B
34636 (LD).
Aster squamatus (Sprengel) Hieron.
A recently introduced ruderal rapidly increasing in villages and wet locali-
ties.
SNOGERUP, STAMATIADOU, BOTHMER&GUSTAFSSON: FLORA OF ANDROS 129
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The S part of the harbour village of Ormos Korthion, 37Æ46’N 24Æ57’E, 7
June 1992, SS & BS 9267 (LD); the rivulet bed S of Chora Andros, 37Æ50’N
24Æ56’E, 23 Aug. 1994, SS & BS 11511 (LD).
Asteriscus spinosus (L.) Schultz Bip.
Various open localities. Common.
Voucher: SS & B 31230 (LD).
Atractylis cancellata L.
Open, dry places mostly on limestone. Rare.
The island of Megalo S of Gavrion, 37Æ51’N 24Æ45’E, 12 May 1968, SS & B
31218 (LD); c. 1.5 km ESE of Akra Apothikes, 80-200 m, 37Æ47’N 24Æ52’E, 21
May 1968, SS & B 32609 (LD).
A. gummifera L.
Late flowering, probably overlooked and more common than known. Only
collected in four places.
Gavrion, seashore and meadows W of the town, 37Æ53’N 24Æ44’E, 10 June
1968, B 34545 (LD); valley 2-3 km N of Gavrion, 0-300 m, 37Æ54’N 24Æ44’E, 11
June 1968, B 34621 (LD); village of Ajios Petros near Gavrion, by the old mine.
Phrygana, 100 m, 37Æ54’N 24Æ46’E, 16 Sept. 1972, St 16367 (ATH); SE of Mesa
Vouni, 500-520 m, 37Æ47’N 24Æ55’E, 15 Aug. 1994, SS & BS 11572 (LD).
Bellis annua L.
In shady or wet localities. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31773 (LD), St 18336 (ATH).
B. sylvestris Cyr.
Open moist places. Rare.
Small rivulet valley c. 2.5 km S of the top of Mt. Ag. Saranda, 400-470 m,
37Æ55’N 24Æ47’E, 20 May 1968, SS & B 32577 (LD); 3 km SE of Batsi, 600 m,
37Æ51’N 24Æ50’E, 8 March 1969, SS & B s.n. (LD).
Bellium minutum (L.) L.
Mostly on coastal rocks. Map 17.
Vouchers: SS & B 32559 (LD), SS & BS 3525 (LD).
Calendula arvensis L.
In several types of vegetation, often as a weed. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31267 (LD), SS & BS 3499 (LD), St 10803 (ATH).
C. officinalis L.
Locally escaped from cultivation.
Apikia, in walls, 250 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ54’E, 27 Aug. 1994, SS & BS 11617
(LD).
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Carduus pycnocephalus L.
Mostly roadsides and cultivated or disturbed places. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31107, 31314 (LD), SS & BS 3498 (LD).
Carlina corymbosa L.
Various types of dry localities. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31387 (LD), SS & BS 11565 (LD)
Carthamus boissieri Halácsy
1.5 km SSE of Pitrofos, c. 6 km SW of Chora, 200-300 m, 37Æ48’N 24Æ53’E,
6 June 1992, SS & BS 9236 (LD).
C. dentatus (Forskål) Vahl
Material not determinable to subsp.
The island of Megalo S of Gavrion, 37Æ51’N 24Æ45’E, 12 May 1968, SS & B
31105 (LD); the islet of Gaidharos S of Gavrion, 37Æ51’N 24Æ44’E, 12 May
1968, SS & B 31268 (LD).
subsp. ruber (Link) Hanelt
Village of Ajios Petros near Gavrion, by the old mine. Phrygana, 100 m,
37Æ54’N 24Æ46’E, 16 Sept. 1972, St 16366 (ATH); the village of Vrachnou, 250
m, 37Æ49’N 24Æ56’E, 25 Aug. 1994, SS & BS 11580 (B, LD).
C. lanatus L.
subsp. lanatus
Vouchers: SS & B 32198 (LD), SS & BS 9207 (LD).
subsp. baeticus (Boiss. & Reuter) Nyman
Moussionas, 200 m, 37Æ45’N 24Æ56’E, 29 Aug. 1994, SS & BS 11663 (LD,
cult.); 1.5 km NE of Batsi, terraced slope, 150 m, 37Æ52’N 24Æ48’E, 2 Sept.
1994, SS & BS 11723 (LD, cult).
C. leucocaulos Sm.
C. 1.5 km NE of Batsi, 150 m, 37Æ52’N 24Æ48’E, 10 June 1992, SS & BS
9304 (LD).
Centaurea laconica Boiss. subsp. lineariloba (Halácsy & Dörfler) Gamal-
Eldin & Wagenitz
Cliffs and rocks, on limestone and hard schist. Many localities.
Vouchers: St 6614, 7762, 18261 (ATH), SS 21117 (LD), SS & BS 6663 (B, LD).
C. raphanina Sm. subsp. mixta (DC.) Runem.
Mostly on cliffs and rocks. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31442 (LD), St 18283 (ATH).
C. solstitialis L. subsp. solstitialis
Mostly along roads and in cultivated areas. Common.
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Vouchers: SS & B 32888 (LD), SS & BS 9212 (LD).
C. spinosa L. subsp. spinosa
Phrygana, abandoned farmland, mostly coastal. Common.
Voucher: Oxelman & Tollsten 1397 (GB).
Chondrilla juncea L.
Mostly along roads and in cultivated areas. Common.
Vouchers: SS & BS 11575, 11655 (LD).
Chrysanthemum coronarium L.
Common in various man-made habitats.
Voucher: SS & BS 9058 (LD).
C. segetum L.
Different open localities, often as a weed. Common.
Vouchers: St 7690 (ATH), SS & BS 9062 (LD).
Cichorium intybus L.
Roadsides and cultivated areas. Many localities.
Vouchers: B 34597 (LD), SS & BS 7911 (LD).
C.pumilum Jacq.
C. 3 km S of the top of Mt. Rakhi, cultivation, 100-200 m, 37Æ42’N 24Æ56’E,
13 May 1968, SS & B 31522 (LD); 1.5-2 km NE of Akra Thiakion, 150 m,
37Æ50’N 24Æ49’E, 22 May 1968, SS & B 32824 (LD).
C. spinosum L.
Phrygana near sea level. Only found twice.
C. 1200 m E of Akra Apothikes, 0-20 m, 37Æ47’N 24Æ52’E, 21 May 1968, SS
& B 32699 (LD); the western valley 3 km NNE of Kallivari, 20-50 m, 37Æ59’N
24Æ45’E, 22 April 1995, SS & BS obs.
Cirsium creticum (Lam.) D’Urv.
Rivulet courses and open wet places. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31809 (LD), B 34633, SS & BS 9194, 11645 (LD).
C. vulgare (Savi) Ten.
Roadsides, village areas etc. Mostly in the NE part of the island. Several
localities.
Vouchers: SS & BS 6572, 11602 (B, LD).
Cnicus benedictus L.
Only found once.
4 km N of Akr. Steno, 550 m, 37Æ42’N 24Æ56’E, 2 June 1992, SS & BS 9132
(LD).
Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronq.
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Mainly ruderal and garden weed. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 32818 (LD), SS & BS 6641 (LD).
C. canadensis (L.) Cronq.
A rare weed and ruderal. Only collected once.
In the lower part of the large valley, 0.5 km S-SE of Mainites, 100-200 m,
37Æ49’N 24Æ54’E, 6 March 1969, SS & B 38623 (LD).
Crepis foetida L.
Various types of dry vegetation. The species is common but the frequency
of the subspecies is not known.
subsp. commutata (Sprengel) Babcock
Vouchers: SS & B 32171 (LD), SS & BS 6610 (LD).
subsp. rhoeadifolia (MB.) C
∪
elak.
Vouchers: SS 21111 (LD), SS & B 31581 (LD).
C. fraasii Schultz Bip.
Shady positions, often under trees and shrubs. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31797 (LD), SS & G 41938 (LD).
C. hellenica Kamari subsp. hellenica
Various types of dry vegetation. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31580, 32320 (LD), SS & G 41774 (LD), SS & BS 3609
(LD).
C. multiflora Sm.
Various types of vegetation. Common in coastal areas.
Vouchers: SS & B 31169 (LD), SS & BS 9123 (LD).
C. setosa Haller fil.
Only found in four places.
In the valley S-SW of the town of Andros, 0-50 m, 37Æ50’N 24Æ56’E, 14 June
1968, B 34808 (LD); the island of Megalonisos, S of Gavrion, 0-55 m, 37Æ51’N
24Æ45’E, 5 April 1971, SS & G 42027 (LD); WSW of Chora Andros, S side of
the Messaria valley, 50 m, schist, stabilized road slope, 37Æ49’N 24Æ55’E, 19
April 2000, SS & BS 16806 (LD); ibid, open soil, SS & BS 16790 (LD).
C. zacintha (L.) Babcock
Late-flowering, probably in more localities than known. Only collected
once.
SW of Kato Fellos, 50 m, 37Æ54’N 24Æ42’E, 1 Sept. 1994, SS & BS 11708
(LD, cult.).
C. vesicaria L.
Only found once.
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Stenies, river course near the sea, 0-5 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ56’E, 8 June 1992, SS
& BS 9272 (LD).
Crupina crupinastrum (Moris) Vis.
Open, dry vegetation. Common.
Voucher: SS & BS 6618 (B, LD).
A population from 4 km N of Akr. Steno, 550 m, 37Æ42’N 24Æ56’E, 2 June
1992, SS & BS 9133 (B, LD) has typical achenes but is otherwise intermediate
towards C. vulgaris.
Doronicum orientale Hoffm.
Mostly in shady and periodically wet places. Several localities on the NE
slopes of Mt. Kouvara, otherwise rare.
Vouchers: SS & B 38480, 38826 (LD), St 18330 (ATH), SS & BS 3562 (LD).
Echinops graecus Miller
Mostly seashores. Rare.
0.5 km E of Gavrion, garigue, 100 m, 37Æ53’N 24Æ44’E, 20 May 1968, SS &
B 32590 (LD); 1 km ESE of Gavrion, sandy seashore, 0-5 m, 37Æ53’N 24Æ51’E,
22 May 1968, SS & B 32959 (LD); Korthion, sandy seashore and sandfields, 0-
10 m, 37Æ46’N 24Æ57’E, 25 May 1968, SS & B 33295 (LD).
E. spinosissimus Turra subsp. bithynicus (Boiss.) Kozuh.
Mostly coastal, often in man-made localities. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 33016 (LD); SS & BS 11507, 11570, 11578 (LD).
Evax contracta Boiss.
Open, dry soil. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & G 41692 (LD), SS & BS 8008, 8024 (LD).
E. pygmaea (L.) Brot.
Open soil. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 32390 (LD), SS & BS 8007 (LD), St 18256 (ATH).
Filago aegaea Wagenitz
Open soil. Rare.
Intermediate between subsp. aegaea and subsp. aristata.
N of Batsi, N of the monastery of Zoodochou Pighis, 250 m, 37Æ52’N
24Æ48’E, 8 May 1991, SS & BS 7994 (LD).
subsp. aristata Wagenitz
The island of Megalonisos, S of Gavrion, 37Æ51’N 24Æ45’E, 5 April 1971,
SS & G 42000 (LD); peninsula E of the bay 0.5 km SSW of Gavrion, 0-50 m,
37Æ53’N 24Æ44’E, 6 April 1971, SS & G 42076 (LD); the small peninsula c. 1
km SW of Gavrion, loose schist, 37Æ53’N 24Æ44’E, 8 April 1971, SS & G 42114
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p.p. (LD); Vitalio, 1-2 km NE of the church, in the rivulet valley, 37Æ56’N
24Æ49’E, 5 May 1991, SS & BS 7959 (LD).
F. cretensis Gand.
Open soil.
subsp. cretensis
Map 18.
Vouchers: SS & B 31706 (LD), SS & BS 6632 (LD).
subsp. cycladum Wagenitz
Map 19.
Vouchers: SS & B 38976 (LD), SS & BS 8006 (LD).
F. eriocephala Guss.
Open soil. Probably common.
Vouchers: SS & B 32392 (LD), B 34710 (LD).
F. gallica L.
Various types of dry vegetation. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31124, 32059 (LD).
F. germanica (L.) Hudson
Various types of dry vegetation. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31707 (LD), SS & BS 6601 (LD).
F. pyramidata L.
Various types of dry vegetation. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31122, 33267 (LD).
Galactites elegans (All.) Soldano (syn. G. tomentosa Moench)
Open, dry vegetation, often as a weed. Increasing. Map 20.
Vouchers: SS & B 31967 (LD), SS & BS 6570 (LD).
Hedypnois cretica (L.) Dum.-Courset
subsp. cretica
Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31102 (LD), SS & BS 3512 (LD), St 7750 (ATH).
subsp. tubiformis (Ten.) Nyman
Many localities.
Voucher: SS & B 31372 (LD).
Helianthus annuus L.
Locally escaped from cultivation.
Chora Andros, rivulet bed N of the beach, 37Æ50 N 24Æ56ÆE, 27 Aug. 1994,
SS & BS obs.
Helichrysum stoechas (L.) Moench subsp. barrelieri (Ten.) Nyman
SNOGERUP, STAMATIADOU, BOTHMER&GUSTAFSSON: FLORA OF ANDROS 135
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Mostly in phrygana and garigue. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31419 (LD), SS & BS 3613 (LD).
Helminthotheca echioides (L.) Holub
Only collected once.
In the valley S-SW of the town of Andros, 0-50 m, 37Æ50’N 24Æ56’E, 14
June 1968, B 34815 (LD).
Hymenonema graecum (L.) DC.
Mostly rocks and cliffs of limestone or hard schist. Map 21.
Vouchers: St 6616 (ATH), SS & BS 6666 (LD).
Hyoseris scabra L.
Mostly on open soil. Common.
Vouchers: SS & G 41729, 41958 (LD).
Hypochoeris achyrophorus L.
Various dry, open localities. Map 22.
Vouchers: SS & G 42165 (LD), SS & BS 3533 (LD).
H. cretensis (L.) Bory & Chaub.
Mostly as a weed. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31577, 32804 (LD).
H. glabra L.
Mostly on open soil. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & G 41916, 42107 (LD).
H. radicata L.
Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31579 (LD), SS & G 42026 (LD).
Inula graveolens (L.) Desf.
Mostly in man-made localities, late-flowering. Probably many localities.
Voucher: SS & BS 11491 (LD).
I. viscosa (L.) Aiton
Permanently or periodically wet places. Common.
Not collected.
Lactuca saligna L.
As a weed and ruderal, probably recently introduced. Rare.
Apikia, in and below irrigated gardens, 250 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ54’E, 8 June
1992, SS & BS 9279 (LD), 27 Aug. 1994, SS & BS 11614 (LD); the village of
Vrachnou, 250 m, 37Æ49’N 24Æ56’E, 25 Aug.1994, SS & BS 11581 (LD).
L. serriola L.
Weed and ruderal, probably several localities.
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Vouchers: SS & B 32723 (LD), B 34793 (LD).
Leontodon tuberosus L.
Various types of vegetation. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31674 (LD), St 10826, 10829 (ATH).
Matricaria recutita L.
Weed and ruderal. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31978 (LD), B 34805 (LD).
Mycelis muralis (L.) Dumort.
Sheltered places near rivulets and on mountain slopes. Rare.
In the valley 1.5-2 km NE of Vourkoti, 250-300 m, 37Æ52’N 24Æ54’E, 16
May 1968, SS & B 31939 (LD); the outer part of the valley S of Akra Gria, 0-
10 m, 37Æ54’N 24Æ57’E, 24 May 1968, SS & B 33102 (LD).
Notobasis syriaca (L.) Cass.
Roadsides, fields, ruderal. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 32557, 32882 (LD).
Onopordum tauricum Willd.
Mostly in man-made localities. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31642, 33225 (LD).
Otanthus maritimus (L.) Hoffmanns. & Link
In sand on seashores. Only found in two places.
Sandy seashore SE of Chora, 37Æ50’N 24Æ56’E, 4 June 1992, SS & BS 9189
(LD); NE of Ateni, near the beach, 0-10 m, 37Æ54’N 24Æ50’E, 3 May 1991, SS
& BS obs.
Phagnalon graecum Boiss. & Heldr.
Mostly in cliffs, walls and rocky slopes. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31456 (LD), SS & BS 9246 (LD), St 6595, 7686 (ATH).
P. saxatile (L.) Cass. subsp. methanaeum (Hausskn.) Qaiser & Lack
Only found in one locality.
The islet of Akramatis S of Gavrion, 37Æ52’N 24Æ45’E, 13 May 1968, SS &
B 31319 (LD). Det. M. Qaiser.
Picnomon acarna (L.) Cass.
Various types of vegetation. Common.
Voucher: SS & BS 11564 (LD).
Picris pauciflora Willd.
Only found once.
C. 3 km S of the top of Mt. Rakhi, cultivations, 100-200 m, 37Æ42’N
24Æ56’E, 13 May 1968, SS & B 31466 (LD).
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Pulicaria dysenterica (L.) Bernh.
Permanently or periodically wet places. Several localities.
Vouchers: B 34839 (LD), St 4188 (ATH), SS & BS 11594 (LD).
P. odora (L.) Reichenb.
Mostly under shrubs and trees. Common.
Vouchers: SS 21102, SS & BS 9106 (LD), SS & B 31961 (LD), St 6607
(ATH).
Reichardia picroides (L.) Roth
Mostly in rocky places. Common, especially near sea level.
Vouchers: SS & B 31742 (LD), SS & G 41758 (LD).
Rhagadiolus edulis Gaertner
Common.
Voucher: SS & B 33062 (LD).
R. stellatus (L.) Gaertner
Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 38622 (LD), SS & BS 3608 (LD).
Scolymus hispanicus L.
Weed and ruderal. Many localities.
Voucher: SS & BS 9174 (LD).
Scorzonera cana (C. A. Meyer) O. Hoffm.
Only found once.
Peninsula E of the bay 0.5 km SSW of Gavrion, 0-50 m, 37Æ53’N 24Æ44’E,
6 April 1971, SS & G 42071 (LD).
S. mollis MB.
Only collected twice.
1.5 km SE of Kallivari, 100 m, 37Æ57’N 24Æ45’E, 11 March 1969, SS & B
38859 (LD); the N slope of the valley 1.5-2.5 km NE Varidion, 100-200 m,
37Æ59’N 24Æ47’E, 31 March 1971, SS & G 41772 (LD).
Senecio gallicus Chaix in Vill.
Various dry localities, mostly coastal. Scattered.
Vouchers: SS & B 31570 (LD), SS & G 42091 (LD).
S. vulgaris L.
Various types of localities, often as a weed. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31857 (LD), SS & BS 3510 (LD), St 7800, 10824 (ATH).
Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner
Roadsides, ruderal places, fields. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 33089 (LD), SS & BS 9258 (LD).
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Sonchus asper (L.) Hill subsp. glaucescens (Jordan) Ball
Mostly as a weed or ruderal. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31468 (LD), SS & G 41757 (LD).
S. oleraceus L.
Mostly as a weed or ruderal. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 32167 (LD), SS & BS 3574 (LD).
S. tenerrimus L.
Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 38451 (LD), SS & BS 7873 (LD).
The material from Andros has short and light coloured ligules and is prob-
ably always biennial. We follow Boulos (1973) when including it in S. ten-
errimus but the Aegean material referred to this species requires a biosystem-
atic revision.
Taraxacum aleppicum Dahlst.
Mt Kouvara, 1 km SE of the top, 900 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ52’E, 8 March 1969, SS
& B 38766 (LD); mt Ag. Saranda, near the top, 11 March 1969, SS & B 38910
(LD); Gavronisia, the islet of Aktamatis, 12 March 1969, SS & B 38950 (LD).
T. hellenicum Dahlst.
Gavronisia, the islet of Praso Nisos (Makedona), 12 March 1969, SS & B
38938 (LD), 3 April 1971, SS & G 41900 (LD), 7 April 1985, SS & BS 3505
(LD); the islet of Megalo, 12 March 1969, SS & B 38981 (LD).
T. sect. Scariosa Hand.-Mazz.
Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 38991 (LD); SS & BS 11597 (LD); St 18325 (ATH).
Tolpis barbata (L.) Gaertner
Various dry localities. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31144, 32603 (LD).
T. virgata (Desf.) Bertol.
Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 33064, 33246 (LD).
Tragopogon dubius Scop.
As the two following species, probably more common than indicated by the
few collections.
1-2 km SW of Gavrion, 0-10 m, 37Æ53’N 24Æ43’E, 11 June 1968, B 34674
(LD).
T. longirostris Schultz Bip.
Between the villages of Remata and Arni, schistose ground with Quercus
SNOGERUP, STAMATIADOU, BOTHMER&GUSTAFSSON: FLORA OF ANDROS 139
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and phrygana, 250-300 m, 37Æ52’N 24Æ50’E, 23 April 1975, St 18292 (ATH);
Ateni, 3 km SW of the beach, near the road, 50 m, 37Æ54’N 24Æ49’E, 14 April
1990, SS & BS 6607 (LD).
T. sinuatus Avé-Lall.
The two-parted islet of Theothokos Vrakhos, the inner (W) islet, 37Æ53’N
24Æ57’E, 7 April 1971, SS & G 42110 (LD), 10 April 1985, SS & BS 3581 (LD);
the two-parted islet of Theotokos Vrakhos, 2 km S of Akra Gria, the outer, E
islet, 37Æ53’N 24Æ57’E, 10 April 1985, SS & BS 3578 (LD); Gavronisia, the islet
of Makedona S of Akramatis, 37Æ51’N 24Æ45’E, 7 April 1985, SS & BS 3581
(LD); 1-1.5 km S of Ormos Korthion, 100 m, 37Æ45’N 24Æ57’E, 11 April 1985,
SS & BS 3593 (LD); Katakilos, Barova, phrygana on old-field, shallow ranker
soil over mica schists, 160 m, 37Æ52’N 24Æ48’E, 19 April 2000, Mucina & Sieben
7093/19 (Mucina private herb.).
Tussilago farfara L.
On a wet roadside, perhaps introduced. Only found once.
W part of the village of Ammolochos, 450 m, 37Æ54’N 24Æ45’E, 31 May
1992, SS & BS 9077 (LD).
Tyrimnus leucographus (L.) Cass.
Open, dry vegetation and as a ruderal. Several localities.
Voucher: SS & BS 9287 (LD).
Urospermum picroides (L.) F. W. Schmidt
Various dry places, mostly in man-made habitats. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31157 (LD), SS & G 41731 (LD).
Xanthium spinosum L.
Only found once.
1-2 km SW of Gavrion, 0-10 m, 37Æ53’N 24Æ43’E, 11 June 1968, B 34680 (LD).
X. strumarium L. subsp. cavanillesii (Schouw) D. Löve & P. Dansereau
Introduced, ruderal and in maritime sand.
Korthion, sandy seashore and sandy fields, 0-10 m, 37Æ46’N 24Æ57’E, 25
May 1968, SS & B 33288 (LD); Chora, in the N part of the township, 0-50 m,
37Æ50’N 24Æ56’E, 4 June 1992, SS & BS 9178 (LD).
Convolvulaceae
Calystegia sepium (L.) R. Br. subsp. sepium
Wet localities, mostly near the sea. Map 23.
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Vouchers: SS & B 32859 (LD), B 34590 (LD), SS & BS 6590 (LD).
C. silvatica (Kit.) Griseb.
Only found once.
Near the rivulet S of Remata, c. 5 km ENE of Batsi, 150 m, 37Æ51’N
24Æ50’E, 1 June 1992, SS & BS 9100 (LD).
C. soldanella (L.) Roemer & Schultes
Sandy seashores near Chora Andros, Korthion and Gavrion.
Voucher: SS & B 33289 (LD).
Convolvulus althaeoides L.
Various open habitats. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31158, 32169 (LD).
C. arvensis L.
Seashores, fields, ruderal. Many localities.
Voucher: SS & B 32791 (LD).
var. linearifolius Choisy
Varidion, near the road NW of Tris Pedes, fields, 150-200 m, 37Æ57’N
24Æ45’E, 1 Sept. 1994, SS & BS 11713 (LD).
C. dorycnium L.
Rare.
C. 3 km S of the top of Mt. Rakhi, field margin, 37Æ42’N 24Æ56’E, 13 May
1968, SS & B 31488 (LD); Akra Thiakion, between the cape and the road, 2
Sept. 1994, SS & BS 11719 (LD, cult.).
C. elegantissimus Miller
Various open habitats. Many localities.
Voucher: B 34657 (LD).
C. oleifolius Desr.
Maritime rocks. Only found on Gavronisia, the islets of Akramatis and
Megalo.
Voucher: SS & B 31318 (LD).
Cuscuta approximata Bab.
Mostly coastal localities. Parasitizing various hosts. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31355 (LD), SS & G 42120, SS & BS 6604, 7892, 12003
(LD).
C. brevistyla A. Rich.
Only found in one place.
Theotokhos Vrakhos, the W islet, 37Æ52’N 24Æ57’E, 30 April 1991, SS & BS
7866 (LD).
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C. campestris Yuncker
Only found once.
Korthion, sandy seashore and sandfields, 0 10 m, 37Æ46’N 24Æ57’E, 25 May
1968, SS & B 33302 (LD).
C. epithymum (L.) L. subsp. kotschyi (Desmoulins) Arcang.
Parasitizing various hosts. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 32511, 33243 (LD), SS & BS 6551 (LD).
C. monogyna Vahl
Only found once.
Bay 2 km NE of Ateni, 37Æ55’N 24Æ50’E, 11 Aug. 1987, Landström 7327
(LD).
C. palaestina Boiss.
Usually parasitizing shrublets but also other hosts. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31121, 32691 (LD), SS & G 41989 (LD), SS & BS 11921,
11935 (LD).
C. planiflora Ten.
Parasitizing various hosts. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & BS 6556, 8013 (LD).
Crassulaceae
Crassula tillaea Lest.-Garl. syn. Tillaea muscosa L.
Open soil. Many localities. Map 24.
Vouchers: SS & B 32327 (LD), SS & G 41803 (LD).
Phedimus stellata (L.) Raf. (syn. Sedum stellatum L.)
Only collected three times.
1.5-2 km WNW-W of Apoikia, 430-530 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ53’E, 15 May 1968,
SS & B 31701 (LD); NW of Apoikia, 300-450 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ54’E, 15 May
1968, SS & B 31594 p.p. (LD); 1.5-2 km NE of Akra Thiakion, 150 m, 37Æ50’N
24Æ49’E, 22 May 1968, SS & B 32829 (LD).
Sedum amplexicaule DC. subsp. tenuifolium (Sm.) Greuter & Burdet
Open, dry places, often among scree or rocks. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31747, 32724 (LD).
S. cepaea L.
Several localities.
Vouchers: SS 21098 (LD), SS & B 32558 (LD).
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S. eriocarpum Sm. subsp. delicum Vierh.
Mostly on cliffs and rocks.
Vouchers: SS & B 31701 p.p. (LD), SS & BS 3580, 7906 (LD).
S. litoreum Guss.
Different open dry spots, often among rocks, cliffs and walls. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31139 (LD), St 18272 (ATH).
S. rubens L.
Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31796 (LD), St 6606, 18274 (ATH).
S. sediforme (Jacq.) Pau
Only found once.
C. 1.5 km ESE of Akra Apothikes, 80-200 m, 37Æ47’N 24Æ52’E, 21 May
1968, SS & B 32664 (LD).
Umbilicus horizontalis (Guss.) DC.
Mostly in rocks. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31254, 33227 (LD).
U. rupestris (Salisb.) Dandy
Mostly in rocks. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31653 (LD), SS & BS 9083 (B, LD).
Cruciferae
Alyssum minus Rothm. (incl. A. simplex Rudolphi).
Open, dry vegetation. Probably many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31486 (LD), SS & BS 9309 (B, LD).
A. umbellatum Desv.
Open, dry vegetation. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 33227 (LD), SS & BS 9127 (LD).
Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. in Holl & Heynh.
Mostly on open soil. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31658 (LD), St 7799 (ATH).
Arabis verna (L.) R. Br.
Wet or shady localities. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 38430 (LD), St 7685 (ATH).
Aubrieta deltoidea (L.) DC.
Only found in two places on Mt. Gerakonas.
SNOGERUP, STAMATIADOU, BOTHMER&GUSTAFSSON: FLORA OF ANDROS 143
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Aufsteig von Zaganiari zum Kloster Panchrantou und Aufsteig nach Liva-
dia, 5 April 1991, Kalheber 91-253 (Kalheber private herb.); SW of Moni
Panachrantou, N-facing cliff, 500 m, 37Æ47’N 24Æ54’E, 25 Aug. 1994, SS & BS
obs; Mt. Gerakonas, rocky hilltop 1.5 km SW of Mesa Vouni, 650-700 m,
37Æ47’N 24Æ54’E, 27 April 1995, SS & BS 12021 (LD).
Biscutella didyma L.
Various types of vegetation. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 38520 (LD), SS & G 41663 (LD).
Brassica cretica Lam. subsp. aegaea (Heldr. & Halácsy) Snogerup, M.A.
Gust. & Bothmer.
Only found in one place.
Oros Rakhi, cliffs of limestone W-SW of the top, 37Æ44’N 24Æ56’E, 17 May
1968, SS & B 32133 (LD).
B. geniculata (Desf.) Snogerup & B. Snogerup
Various open localities, often fields and roadsides. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31589 (LD), SS & BS 7889 (LD).
B. napus L.
Probably only a casual.
Chora, in the N part of the township, 0-50 m, 37Æ50’N 24Æ56’E, 4 June
1992, SS & BS 9176 (LD).
B. nigra (L.) W.D.J. Koch
Only found in two places.
4 km SE of the top of Mt. Kouvara, rivulet ravine near the road, 300 m,
37Æ49’N 24Æ54’E, 22 May 1968, SS & B 32805 (LD); c. 1 km SE of Ano Gavri-
on, 250-400 m, 37Æ54’N 24Æ46’E, 1 April 1971, SS & G 41838 (LD).
B. tournefortii Gouan
Dry, open localities. Rare.
The S part of the harbour village of Ormos Korthion, 37Æ46’N 24Æ57’E, 7
June 1992, SS & BS 9254B (LD).
Bunias erucago L.
Mostly a field weed. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 32161 (LD), St 10817 (ATH).
Cakile maritima Scop.
Sandy shores. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31551 (LD), SS & G 41689 (LD).
Calepina irregularis (Asso) Thell.
Moist places. Only found once.
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1.5 km ESE-E of Palaiopolis, 450-550 m, 37Æ49’N 24Æ51’E, 8 March 1969,
SS & B 38750 (LD).
Capsella bursa-pastoris L.
Open soil and as a weed. Common.
Vouchers: SS & G 41799 (LD), SS & BS 11964, 11975 (LD).
Cardamine graeca L.
Rare.
N-slope of Mt. Kouvara (Petalon Oros) c. 2 km SW of Arnas, 500-600 m, 2
April 1971, SS & G 41872 (LD); in the valley 0-1 km ENE of Vitali, 50-200 m,
37Æ56’N 24Æ48’E, 4 April 1971, SS & G obs; Remata, close to road bridge,
37Æ51’N 24Æ50’E, 20 July 2000, Mucina & Sieben 6839/4 (Mucina, private
herb.)
C. hirsuta L.
Moist and sheltered positions, often as a weed. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31622 (LD), St 7727, 7798 (ATH).
Clypeola jonthlaspi L.
Dry, open vegetation, often in scree and among rocks. Common.
subsp. jonthlaspi
Voucher: SS & G 41721 (LD).
subsp. microcarpa (Moris) Arcang.
Vouchers: SS & B 38730 (LD), SS & B 38975 (LD); SS & G 41853 (LD); SS
& G 42013 (LD).
Erophila macrocarpa (Boiss. & Heldr.) Boiss.
Probably common.
Vouchers: SS & B 38490 (LD), SS & G 41864 (LD), St 7728 (ATH).
The group including this species and the two following is common on open
soil in various habitats. The frequency of these three species on Andros is
insufficiently known.
E. praecox (Steven) DC.
Collected in six places.
Vouchers: SS & B 38420 (LD), SS & BS 3602 (LD), St 7789 (ATH).
E. verna (L.) Chevall.
Probably common.
Vouchers: SS & B 38753b (LD), SS & G 41737 (LD), SS & BS 3612 (LD).
Erysimum senoneri (Heldr. & Sart.) Wettst. subsp. senoneri
Cliffs and rocks, walls. Many localities. Map 25.
Vouchers: SS 21116, SS & BS 3594 (LD), SS & B 32143 (LD).
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Lepidium draba L. (syn. Cardaria draba (L.) Desv.)
Recently introduced, weedy and ruderal, spreading. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31659 (LD), SS & BS 8041 (LD).
L. graminifolium L.
Weed and ruderal, mostly in villages. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31621 (LD), SS & BS 11595 (LD).
L. hirtum (L.) Sm. subsp. nebrodense (Rafin.) Thell.
Only found on Mt. Kouvara. Map 26.
Vouchers: SS & B 31861 (LD), SS & BS 9286 (LD), St 18319 (ATH).
L. spinosum Ard.
Weed and ruderal. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 38882 (LD), SS & G 41747, 41830 (LD).
Malcolmia chia (L.) DC.
In sheltered positions, often among rocks and cliff. Rare.
0.5 km N of Kapparia, 300 m, 37Æ46’N 24Æ54’E, 7 March 1969, SS & B
38662 (LD); cliffs c. 1 km NE of Ano Gavrion, 500-600 m, 37Æ55’N 24Æ46’E, 1
April 1971, SS & G 41845 (LD); SE slopes of Mt. Rakhi, 2-3 km SSE of Ano
Korthion, 350-450 m, 37Æ44’N 24Æ57’E, 11 April 1985, SS & BS 3597 (LD).
M. flexuosa (Sm.) Sm. subsp. naxensis (Rech. fil.) Stork
Common on islets and on coastal rocks.
Vouchers: SS & B 31463 (LD), SS & G 41968 (LD), St 7758 (ATH).
M. macrocalyx (Halácsy) Rech. fil. subsp. scyria (Rech. fil.) P. W. Ball
Only found in three places on the N slope of Mt. Kouvara.
In the valley 1-2 km NE of Arni, 300-500 m, 37Æ52’N 24Æ51’E, 10 March
1969, SS & B 38845 (LD); N-slope of Mt. Kouvara (Petalon Oros), c. 2 km SW
of Arnas, 500-600 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ50’E, 2 April 1971, SS & G 41877 (LD);
Close to Katakilos, wet ravine, 150-250 m, 37Æ52’N 24Æ49’E, 11 April 1990,
Anagnostopoulos & Athanasiou 1607 (UPA).
Matthiola incana (L.) R. Br.
A rare garden escape.
In the village of Apoikia, 200 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ54’E, 8 June 1992, SS & BS
9274 (LD).
M. sinuata (L.) R. Br.
Islets, coastal rocks, roadsides. Many localities. Map 27.
Vouchers: SS & B 31566 (LD), SS & BS 3485 (LD).
M. tricuspidata (L.) R. Br.
Coastal sand. Map 28.
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Vouchers: SS & B 32951 (LD), SS & G 41690 (LD).
Nasturtium officinale R. Br. in Aiton
Permanently wet places. Map 29.
Vouchers: SS & B 32656 (LD), SS & BS 6574 (LD), St 7698 (ATH).
Neslia apiculata Fischer, C. A. Meyer & Avé-Lall.
A rare field weed. Only found once.
1.5-2 km NE of Gavrion, 20-100 m, 37Æ54’N 24Æ45’E, 1 April 1971, SS & G
41808 (LD).
Raphanus raphanistrum L. subsp. raphanistrum
Mostly as a field weed. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31521 (LD), St 10813 (ATH).
Sinapis alba L. subsp. mairei (H. Lindb.) Maire
This subspecies is well distinguished from the cultivated subsp. alba and
probably indigenous in Greece. Mostly as a weed and ruderal. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 32042 (LD), St 10825 (ATH), SS & BS 6596 (LD).
S. arvensis L.
Weed and ruderal. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 33012 (LD).
Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop.
Fields, roadsides, ruderal localities. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 32937 (LD), SS & G 41778 (LD).
S. orientale L.
Various types of localities. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31623 (LD), SS & BS 11547 (LD).
S. polyceratium L.
A rare ruderal. Only found once.
Chora, in the N part of the township, 0-50 m, 37Æ50’N 24Æ56’E, 4 June
1992, SS & BS 9181 (LD).
Teesdalia coronopifolia (Bergeret) Thell.
Many localities. Map 30.
Vouchers: SS & B 31784 (LD), St 7729 (ATH).
Cucurbitaceae
Cucurbita pepo L.
Casual.
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Chora Andros, rivulet bed N of the beach, 37Æ50’N 24Æ56’E, 27 Aug. 1994,
SS & BS 11610 (LD).
Ecballium elaterium (L.) A. Rich.
Common weed in villages, roadsides and waste-places.
Voucher: St 4201 (ATH).
Dipsacaceae
Pterocephalus plumosus (L.) Coulter
Only found in three places.
The island of Megalo S of Gavrion, 37Æ51’N 24Æ45’E, 12 May 1968, SS & B
31111 (LD); c. 3 km S of the top of Mt. Rakhi, 50-100 m, 37Æ42’N 24Æ56’E, 13
May 1968, SS & B 31531B (LD); Oros Rakhi, garigue NW-W of the top, 600-
800 m, 37Æ42’N 24Æ56’E, 17 May 1968, SS & B 32090 (LD).
Tremastelma palaestinum (L.) Janchen
Open, dry habitats, calcicole. Only collected twice, but probably not rare.
C. 3 km S of the top of Mt. Rakhi, 50-100 m, 37Æ42’N 24Æ56’E, 13 May
1968, SS & B 31531A (LD); c. 1200 m E of Akra Apothikes, 0-20 m, 37Æ47’N
24Æ52’E, 21 May 1968, SS & B 32682 (LD).
Elaeagnaceae
Elaeagnus angustifolia L.
Only seen in one small area.
The S part of the harbour village of Ormos Korthion, 37Æ46’N 24Æ57’E, 7
June 1992, SS & BS 9256 (LD).
Ericaceae
Arbutus unedo L.
Macchie. Map 31.
Vouchers: SS & B 31812 (LD), St 7721 (ATH).
Erica arborea L.
Macchie. Forming extensive, dense stands in some places. Map 32.
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Vouchers: SS & B 31711 (LD), St 7722, 10832 (ATH).
E. manipuliflora Salisb.
Garigue, often dominant in burned areas. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31753 (LD), SS & BS 11574 (LD); St 4196 (ATH).
Euphorbiaceae
Chrozophora tinctoria (L.) A. Juss.
A field weed appearing after the harvest, rarely on seashores. Only collect-
ed once.
The N part of Gavrion, 10 m, 37Æ53’N 24Æ44’E, 26 Aug. 1994, SS & BS
11609 (LD).
Euphorbia acanthothamnos Boiss.
Phrygana. Only very locally in the N part of Andros.
The island of Megalo S of Gavrion, 37Æ51’N 24Æ45’E, 12 May 1968, SS & B
31190 (LD), only one specimen observed, later destroyed by a landslide; the
western valley c. 3 km NNE of Kallivari, 50-100 m, 37Æ59’N 24Æ45’E, 31 March
1971, SS & G 41763 (LD); the hill of Spartia NW of Chartes, limestone, 150-
250 m, 37Æ57’N 24Æ43’E, 24 April 1994, SS & BS obs.
E. apios L.
Only found once.
Mt. Kouvara, to the peak, 980 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ52’E, 5 April 1970, St 7779
(ATH).
E. exigua L.
In various types of dry vegetation. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 32273,32289 (LD).
E. helioscopia L.
Mainly as a field weed. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 32304 (LD), SS & G 42056 (LD).
E. hirsuta L. (syn. E. pubescens Vahl, E. villosa Willd.)
In wet localities. Rare.
At the river S of the town of Andros, 0-10 m, 37Æ50’N 24Æ56’E, 23 May
1968, SS & B 33004 (LD); Gavrion, seashore and meadows W of the town,
37Æ53’N 24Æ44’E, 10 June 1968, B 34569 (LD); Mt. Ag. Saranda, 1-1.5 km NW
of the top, 300-400 m, 37Æ57’N 24Æ46’E, 11 March 1969, SS & B 38903 (LD);
0-1 km NNE of Gavrion, 2-20 m, 37Æ53’N 24Æ44’E, 1 April 1971, SS & G 41786
SNOGERUP, STAMATIADOU, BOTHMER&GUSTAFSSON: FLORA OF ANDROS 149
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(LD); by the village of Arni, woodland of Quercus and Castanea sativa, 500 m,
37Æ52’N 24Æ51’E, 23 April 1975, St 18296 (ATH); Ateni, 2.5 km SW of the
beach, near the rivulet, 37Æ54’N 24Æ50’E, 14 April 1990, SS & BS 6642 (LD);
the beach area NE of Ateni, 37Æ54’N 24Æ50’E, 5 June 1992, SS & BS 9219
(LD).
E. oblongata Griseb.
In wet localities. Rare.
In the valley 1.5 km S-SSE of the top of Mt. Ag. Saranda, 150-200 m,
37Æ56’N 24Æ47’E, 20 May 1968, SS & B 32553 (LD); the outer part of the val-
ley S of Akra Gria, 0-10 m, 37Æ54’N 24Æ57’E, 24 May 1968, SS & B 33157
(LD); W part of the village of Ammolochos, 450 m, 37Æ54’N 24Æ45’E, 31 May
1992, SS & BS 9079 (LD).
E. paralias L.
In maritime sand. Rare.
Vouchers: SS & B 31543,33005 (LD).
E. peplis L.
On open soil, often maritime sand. Rare.
C. 1200 m E of Akra Apothikes, maritime sand, 0-20 m, 37Æ47’N 24Æ52’E,
21 May 1968, SS & B 32679 (LD); at the river S of the town of Andros, 0-10
m, 37Æ50’N 24Æ56’E, 23 May 1968, SS & B 32981 (LD); Gavrion, seashore and
meadows W of the town, 37Æ53’N 24Æ44’E, 10 June 1968, B 34600 (LD); sandy
seashore by the village of Gavrion, 0 m, 37Æ53’N 24Æ45’E, 16 Sept. 1972, St
16360 (ATH).
E. peplus L.
Various types of vegetation. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31210 (LD), SS & BS 11520 (LD).
E. terracina L.
Wet localities. Only found in two places.
Korthion, sandy seashore and sandfields, 0-10 m, 37Æ46’N 24Æ57’E, 25 May
1968, SS & B 33286 (LD), 7 June 1992, SS & BS 9265 (LD); in the valley S-SW
of the town of Andros, 0-50 m, 37Æ50’N 24Æ56’E, 14 June 1968, B 34827 (LD),
12 April 1990, SS & BS 6597 (LD).
Mercurialis annua L.
As a weed and in various open natural habitats. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31133 (LD), St 10801, 10802 (ATH).
M. ovata Sternb. & Hoppe
In two small areas on the N part of Mt. Kouvara.
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Mt. Kouvara, c. 1 km N-NE of the top, 750-800 m, 8 March 1969, SS & B
38784 (LD); N-slope of Mt. Kouvara (Petalon Oros) c. 2 km SW of Arnas,
500-600 m, 2 April 1971, SS & G 41879 (LD); Arnas, SW of the village, slope
with scattered shrubs and trees, 500 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ50’E, 23 April 1995, SS &
BS 11984 (LD); village of Vourkoti, wet and shady places by the river, 600-620
m, 37Æ52’N 24Æ54’E, 19 Febr. 1971, St 10836 (ATH).
Ricinus communis L.
Introduced by cultivation.
The river S of Chora, 37Æ50’N 24Æ56’E, naturalized, 6 June 1992, SS & BS obs.
Fagaceae
Castanea sativa Miller
Cultivated and locally escaped.
By the village of Arni (Arnas), 450-550 m, 37Æ52’N 24Æ51’E, 5 April 1970,
St 7766 (ATH); Ag. Simeon, in the village area, 350-400 m, 37Æ56’N 24Æ48’E,
9 May 1991, SS & BS obs.
Quercus coccifera L.
Garigue, shrubland and forests. Common.
Voucher: Mucina & Sieben 6842/60 (Mucina, private herb.).
Q. ilex L.
Macchie, rivulet valleys, mountain slopes. Map 33.
Vouchers: SS & B 31728 (LD), St 7723 (ATH).
Q. ithaburensis Decaisne subsp. macrolepis (Kotschy) Hedge & Yalt.
Mostly in terraced slopes, locally abundant.
Vouchers: SS & B 32121 (LD), SS & BS 9245 (LD), St 17437 (ATH).
Q. pubescens Willd.
Mostly in terraced slopes, locally abundant.
Vouchers: B 34850 (LD), SS & G 42047 (LD), St 7768, 17438, 18286 (ATH).
Frankeniaceae
Frankenia hirsuta L.
Maritime rocks, rarely ruderal. Map 34.
Vouchers: SS & B 31311, 31396 (LD).
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F. pulverulenta L.
Only found in maritime places in the N part of Chora Andros.
Vouchers: SS & B 31545 (LD), SS & BS 9182 (LD).
Fumariaceae
Corydalis thasia (Stoj. & Kitanov) Stoj. & Kitanov
Endemic. Only found in a small area in the N slope of Mt. Kouvara.
Mt. Kouvara, on the ridge 1 km NE of the top, 850-920 m, 37Æ52’N
24Æ52’E, 8 March 1969, SS & B 38777 (LD); Mt. Kouvara, c. 1 km N-NE of the
top, 750-800 m, 37Æ52’N 24Æ52’E, 8 March 1969, SS & B 38787 (LD); SSE of
the village Arnas, on SW slopes of Mt. Kouvara, 600-900 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ52’E,
5 April 1970, St 7787 (ATH); N-slope of Mt. Kouvara (Petalon Oros) c. 2 km
SW of Arnas, 500-600 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ50’E, 2 April 1971, SS & G 41876 (LD,
Type collection of C. solida (L.) Clairville subsp. longicarpa Lidén).
Fumaria capreolata L.
A weed, mostly of village areas and ruderal localities. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31841 (LD), SS & BS 6608 (LD).
F. judaica Boiss. subsp. judaica
Among shrubs and trees and in cultivated areas. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 33116, 38460 (LD), SS & BS 6654 (B, LD).
F. macrocarpa Parl. subsp. macrocarpa
Mostly in cultivated areas. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31989 (LD), SS & G 42174 (LD).
F. officinalis L. subsp. officinalis
Mostly as a field weed.
Vouchers: St 7697, 7741 (ATH), SS & B 31988 (LD), SS & BS 7961 (LD).
F. petteri Reichenb. subsp. petteri
NW of Apoikia, 300-450 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ54’E, 15 May 1968, SS & B 31617a
(LD); N of the village Arni, macchie and former cultivations, 250-350 m,
37Æ52’N 24Æ51’E, 18 March 1969, SS & B 38809 (LD); In the valley 1.5-2.5 km
NNE of Kallivari,100-200 m, 37Æ59’N 24Æ46’E, 31 March 1971, SS & G 41750
(LD); 0-1 km NE of the church of Vitalio, 100 m, 37Æ56’N 24Æ48’E, 5 May
1991, SS & BS 7953 (LD).
Hypecoum procumbens L. subsp. procumbens
Mostly in sandy fields.
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Gavrion, seashore and meadows W of the town, 37Æ53’N 24Æ44’E, 10 June
1968, B 34596 (LD); In the lower part of the large valley, c. 0.5 km S-SE of
Mainites, 37Æ49’N 24Æ54’E, 6 March 1969, SS & B 38590 (LD); N of Batsi, 0-
10 m, 37Æ52’N 24Æ47’E, 22 May 1968, SS & B 32884 (LD), 7 March 1969, SS
& B 38723 (LD); Opiso Meria, 200-300 m, 37Æ45’N 24Æ56’E, 17 May 1968, SS
& B 31997 (LD); Akr. Thiakion, SSE of Batsi, 50 m, 37Æ49’N 24Æ47’E, 6 May
1991, SS & BS 7970 (LD, UPA).
Gentianaceae
Blackstonia perfoliata (L.) Hudson subsp. perfoliata
Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31448 (LD), SS & BS 9107 (LD), St 6582 (ATH).
Centaurium erythraea Rafn
Wet places. The species is common. It is variable on Andros and some col-
lections have only with hesitation been placed in the recognized subspecies.
subsp. erythraea
Rare.
0.5 km SW of the church of Arnas, moist and shady cliffs in a small rivulet
course, 400-450 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ50’E, 28 Aug. 1994, SS & BS 11642 (LD).
subsp. rhodense (Boiss. & Reuter) Meld.
Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 32375 (LD), SS & BS 9221 (LD), St 6579 (ATH).
C. maritimum (L.) Fritsch
Periodically wet places. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31750, 32567 (LD), St 18281 (ATH).
C. pulchellum (Swartz) Druce
Mostly on open soil. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31530 (LD), B 34812 (LD).
C. spicatum (L.) Fritsch
Only found twice.
Gavrion, seashore and meadows W of the town, 37Æ53’N 24Æ44’E, 10 June
1968, B 34527 (LD); c. 3 km NE of the harbour of Batsi, 150 m, 37Æ52’N
24Æ48’E, 24 Aug. 1994, SS & BS 11557 (LD).
C. tenuiflorum (Hoffmans. & Link) Fritsch
Periodically wet places.
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subsp. acutiflorum (Scott) Zeltner
Several localities.
Vouchers: B 34529,34687 (LD).
subsp. tenuiflorum
Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31112 (LD), SS & BS 9223 (LD).
Geraniaceae
Erodium botrys (Cav.) Bertol.
Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 32296, 32357 (LD), St 7748 (ATH), SS & G 42166 (LD).
E. chium (L.) Willd.
Various types of open vegetation. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31991 (LD), SS & BS 3558 (LD).
E. cicutarium (L.) L’Her.
Mostly as a weed and on open soil. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 38570 (LD), St 7731 (ATH),
E. gruinum (L.) L’Her.
Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31469, 32147 (LD).
E. laciniatum (Cav.) Willd.
Mostly coastal places. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31232, 33314, 32993 (LD).
E. malacoides (L.) L’Her.
Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & G 41807 (LD), SS & BS 7902 (LD).
E. moschatum (L.) L’Her.
Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 33138 (LD), SS & BS 3495 (LD), St 10819 (ATH).
Geranium columbinum L.
Rare.
1.5-2 km NE of Gavrion, 20-100 m, 37Æ54’N 24Æ45’E, 1 April 1971, SS & G
41790 (LD); Ateni, 2.5 km SW of the beach, near the rivulet, 37Æ54’N 24Æ50’E,
14 April 1990, SS & BS 6645 (LD); 1-2 km SSE of the monastery of
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Zoodochou Pighis, N of Batsi, 150 m, 37Æ52’N 24Æ46’E, 8 May 1991, SS & BS
8014 (LD, UPA).
G. dissectum L.
Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 32030 (LD), SS & BS 6594 (LD).
G. lucidum L.
Mostly in sheltered and periodically wet places. Map 35.
Vouchers: SS & B 32741 (LD), St 18331 (ATH).
G. molle L. subsp. molle
Various types of vegetation. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31886, 32608 (LD).
G. purpureum Vill.
Common in various types of sheltered places.
Vouchers: SS & BS 12023 (LD), SS & BS 16811 (UPS).
G. rotundifolium L.
Mostly as a weed and ruderal. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31480, 33148 (LD).
Hypericaceae
Hypericum delphicum Boiss. & Heldr.
Mostly in cliffs and rocks. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31903 (LD), SS & BS 11576 (LD), St 6581 (ATH).
H. empetrifolium Willd.
Garigue and macchie. Map 36.
Vouchers: SS & B 32433 (LD), SS & BS 9299 (LD).
H. hircinum L.
Only found once.
Wood and macchie in the rivulet valley E-ESE of Palaiopolis, 250-350 m,
37Æ49’N 24Æ50’E, 18 May 1968, SS & B 32228 (LD).
H. perfoliatum L.
Moist and sheltered places. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS 21103, SS & B 31684 (LD), St 6602 p.p., 18291 (ATH).
H. perforatum L.
Moist and sheltered places. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31683 LD, St 6594, 6610 (ATH).
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H. rumeliacum Boiss.
Rare.
Mt. Kouvara, 700-900 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ52’E, 12 June 1969, St 6602 p.p.
(ATH) .
H. tetrapterum Fries
Only found once.
The rivulet valley SW of Vourkoti, 600-650 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ52’E, 30 Aug.
1994, SS & BS 11682 (B, LD).
H. triquetrifolium Turra
Various types of open, dry vegetation and as a weed. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31481 (LD), SS & BS 11704 (LD), St 6578 (ATH).
Labiatae
Ajuga orientalis L.
Mostly in moist and sheltered places. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 32348 (LD), B 34706 (LD), St 18284 (ATH).
Ballota acetabulosa (L.) Bentham
Mostly among rocks and cliffs, and terraced slopes. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31420 (LD), St 6571 (ATH).
B. nigra L. subsp. uncinata (Fiori & Bég.) Patzak
Mostly ruderal. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 32777 (LD), SS & BS 11505 (LD).
Calamintha incana (Sm.) Boiss.
Only found once.
Apikia, in walls, 250 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ54’E, 27 Aug. 1994, SS & BS 11616 (LD).
C. nepeta (L.) Savi subsp. glandulosa (Req.) P. W. Ball
Rare.
Gavrion, meadow N of the town, 37Æ54’N 24a44’E, 9 June 1968, B 34514
(LD); in the valley S-SW of the town of Andros, 0-50 m, 37Æ50’N 24Æ56’E, 14
June 1968, B 34835 (LD); the SE part of the village Arni, 500-600, 37Æ52’N
24Æ51’E, 9 April 1985, SS & BS 3567 (LD).
Clinopodium vulgare L.
Mostly in the mountains. Map 37.
Vouchers: SS & B 31692, 32309 (LD).
Coridothymus capitatus (L.) Reichenb. fil.
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Common in phrygana and garigue.
Voucher: St 6576 (ATH).
Lamium amplexicaule L.
Common as a weed and in open, dry vegetation.
Vouchers: SS & B 32874, 38467 (LD).
L. bifidum Cyr. subsp. bifidum
Only found once.
1 km NNW Apoikia, 37Æ51’N 24Æ54’E, 5 March 1969, SS & B 38491 (LD).
L. garganicum L. subsp. garganicum
Moist and sheltered places. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31928 (LD), St 7774, 10835 (ATH).
L. purpureum L.
A weed of fields and gardens. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 38418 (LD), SS & BS 6592 (LD).
Lavandula stoechas L.
Common in garigue in the N part of the island. Map 38.
Vouchers: SS & B 32591 (LD), St 7746, 18258 (ATH).
Marrubium vulgare L.
Only found once.
C. 1.5 km NW of Arnas, roadside, 37Æ52’N 24Æ50’E, 1 June 1992, SS & BS
9120 (LD).
Melissa officinalis L. subsp. altissima (Sm.) Arcang.
Rivulet courses, wet places. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31927 (LD), SS & BS 11720 (LD).
Mentha aquatica L.
Permanently wet places. Rare.
C. 2 km N of the harbour of Korthion, 400-500 m, 37Æ47’N 24Æ57’E, 25
May 1968, SS & B 33264 (LD).
M. longifolia (L.) Hudson subsp. petiolata (Boiss.) Kokkini
Permanently wet places. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31721 (LD), SS & BS 11524 (LD).
M. pulegium L. subsp. pulegioides (Sieber) Kokkini
Permanently or periodically wet places. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 32159 (LD), St 4187 (ATH).
M. spicata L.
Permanently wet places. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 32589 (LD), SS & BS 11558 (LD).
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Micromeria graeca (L.) Reichenb.
Several localities.
Vouchers: B 34619 (LD), SS & G 41770 (LD).
M. juliana (L.) Reichenb.
Mostly in rocks and cliffs. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 32156 (LD), SS & BS 9130 (LD).
M. nervosa (Desf.) Bentham
Mostly in phrygana and garigue. Common.
Voucher: SS & B 31161 (LD).
Origanum vulgare L. subsp. viridulum (Martin-Donos) Nyman
Valleys and mountain slopes. Many localities. Map 39.
Vouchers: St 4181, 6580 (ATH), SS & BS 11562 (LD).
Phlomis fruticosa L.
Common in the W part from N of Palaiopolis to Fellos, otherwise scat-
tered. Map 40.
Vouchers: SS & B 32184 (LD), St 18242 (ATH).
Prasium majus L.
Rocks and cliffs and among shrubs. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 32658 (LD), St 7683 (ATH).
Prunella laciniata (L.) L.
Only found once.
W part of the village of Ammolochos, 450 m, 37Æ54’N 24Æ45’E, 31 May
1992, SS & BS 9082 (LD).
P. vulgaris L.
Wet places. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31926, 32469, 33150 (LD).
Rosmarinus officinalis L.
Locally introduced by cultivation as spice.
Vouchers: SS & B 32444,32784 (LD).
Salvia fruticosa Miller
Garigue. Scattered but locally common.
Vouchers: SS & B 32137, 32700 (LD).
S. verbenaca L.
Various open places. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31720, 32889 (LD).
S. viridis L.
Rare.
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C. 1.5 km ESE of Akra Apothikes, 80-200 m, 37Æ47’N 24Æ52’E, 21 May
1968, SS & B 32631 (LD).
Satureja thymbra L.
Common in phrygana and garigue.
Vouchers: St 6600, 18246 (ATH), SS & BS 9061 (LD).
Scutellaria albida L. subsp. albida
Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31646 (LD), SS & BS 9248 (LD, UPA), St 4186 (ATH).
Sideritis curvidens Stapf
Dry places, often in scree and open soil. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 32697 (LD), SS & BS 7969 (LD).
S. lanata L.
Rare.
In the lower part of the large valley 0.5 km S-SE of Mainites, 100-200 m,
37Æ49’N 24Æ54’E, 6 March 1969, SS & B 38631 (LD); 0.5 km N of Kapparia,
300 m, 37Æ46’N 24Æ54’E, 7 March 1969, SS & B 38675 (LD); N of Batsi, 0-10
m, 37Æ52’N 24Æ47’E, 7 March 1969, SS & B 38725 (LD).
Stachys cretica L. subsp. cretica
Garigue. Macchie. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS 21106, SS & BS 11930 ((LD), SS & B 31650, 33110 (LD).
S. spinulosa Sm.
Dry open soil on limestone. Only found once.
C. 1.5 km ESE of Akra Apothikes, 80-200 m, 37Æ47’N 24Æ52’E, 21 May
1968, SS & B 32630 (LD).
Teucrium divaricatum Heldr. subsp. divaricatum
Garigue mostly on limestone. Map 41.
Vouchers: SS & B 32611 (LD), SS & BS 9241 (LD).
T. polium L. subsp. capitatum (L.) Arcang.
Phrygana and garigue. Common.
Vouchers: SS 21134,SS & BS 9209 (LD).
T.scordium L. subsp. scordioides (Schreber) Arcang.
Wet places. Map 42.
Vouchers: SS & B 31527 (LD), SS & BS 11530 (LD).
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Lauraceae
Laurus nobilis L.
Macchie, valleys. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 32236 (LD), St 10808 (ATH).
Leguminosae
Anagyris foetida L.
Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 38426 (LD), St 7775 (ATH).
Anthyllis hermanniae L.
Garigue, rocks and cliffs. Map 43.
Vouchers: St 18276 (ATH), SS & BS 9057 (LD).
A. vulneraria L. subsp. rubriflora (DC.) Arcang.
Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & G 41665 (LD), Mucina & Sieben 7094/21 (Mucina, private
herb.).
Astragalus glycyphyllos L. subsp. glycyphyllos
Only found in one place.
In the valley 1-2 km NE of Arni, 300-500 m, 37Æ52’N 24Æ51’E, 10 March
1969, SS & B 38832 (LD).
A. hamosus L.
Various open localities. Common.
Vouchers: SS & G 41917 (LD), St 18269 (ATH).
A. pelecinus (L.) Barneby
Probably several localities.
The E part of the village of Ammolochos, 500 m, 37Æ54’N 24Æ45’E, 31 May
1992, SS & BS 9087 (LD); NE of Sineti, 100 m, 37Æ49’N 24Æ57’E, 18 April
1995, SS & BS obs.
A. sinaicus Boiss.
Open soil. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 32100 (LD), SS & BS 7965 (LD), St 7744 (ATH).
Bituminaria bituminosa (L.) Stirton (syn. Psoralea bituminosa L.)
Roadsides, field margins. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 32834 (LD), St 4184 (ATH).
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Caesalpinia gilliesii Wall. ex Hook.
Batsi, cultivated in gardens, 37Æ51’E 24Æ47’E, 30 Aug. 1994, SS & BS 11691
(LD). Self-sown outside the gardens, may naturalize.
Calycotome villosa (Poiret) Link
Common in garigue.
Vouchers: SS & B 32721 (LD), St 23488 (ATH).
Ceratonia siliqua L.
Only in cultivated areas, rare, not indigenous.
The SW part of Batsi, on dry, open soil, 37Æ51’N 24Æ47’E, 3 Sept. 1994, SS
& BS obs.
Coronilla scorpioides (L.) W.D.J. Koch
Various open vegetation. Many localities.
Voucher: SS & G 42130 (LD).
Cytisus villosus Pourret
Moist and sheltered positions on mountain slopes. Rare.
NW of Apoikia, near the road to Vourkoti, 350-450 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ54’E,
16 May 1968 SS & B 31823 (LD); N-slope of Mt. Kouvara (Petalon Oros), c. 2
km SW of Arnas, 500-600 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ50’E, 2 April 1971, SS & G 41869
(LD); the SE part of the village of Arni, 500-600 m, 37Æ52’N 24Æ51’E, 9 April
1985, SS & BS 3559 (LD).
Dorycnium graecum (L.) Ser.
Only collected in one place.
3 km S of the top of Mt. Ag. Saranda, macchie and cultivations, 250-300 m,
37Æ54’N 24Æ47’E, 13 March 1969, SS & B 39006 (LD).
D. hirsutum (L.) Ser.
In various shrub-dominated habitats. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31748 (LD), B 34694 (LD).
D. rectum (L.) Ser.
Rivulet courses, wet places. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31664 (LD), St 6587 (ATH).
Genista acanthoclada DC.
Garigue. Common.
Voucher: SS & BS 9064 (LD).
Hippocrepis biflora Sprengel
Only collected twice.
The small peninsula c. 1 km SW of Gavrion, loose schist, 35 m,
37Æ53’N 24Æ44’E, 8 April 1971, SS & G 42115 (LD); Vitali Beach, coastal
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phrygana, 37Æ56’N 24Æ49’E, 21 July 2000, Mucina & Sieben 6847/50 (LD).
H. ciliata Willd.
Only collected once.
C. 1200 m E of Akra Apothikes, 0-20 m, 37Æ47’N 24Æ52’E, 21 May 1968, SS
& B 32668 (LD).
H. emerus (L.) Lassen subsp. emeroides (Boiss. & Spruner) Lassen
Cliffs, rocky slopes. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31944 (LD), St 10806 (ATH), SS & BS 11978 (LD).
Hymenocarpus circinnatus (L.) Savi
Various open localities. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 32181, 38874 (LD).
Lathyrus aphaca L.
Various types of vegetation. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 32476 (LD), SS & G 41773 (LD).
L. articulatus L.
Mostly in cultivated areas. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 38721 (LD), SS & BS 7980 (LD).
L. cicera L.
Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31901 (LD), SS & BS 3605, 8009 (LD).
L. clymenum L.
Mostly in cultivated areas. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 33034 (LD), SS & BS 9116 (B, LD), St 7740 (ATH).
L. grandiflorus Sm.
Only found in the N and E parts of Mt. Kouvara.
NW of Apoikia, 300-450 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ54’E, 15 May 1968, SS & B 31615
(LD); N-slope of Mt. Kouvara (Petalon Oros), c. 2 km SW of Arnas, 600-700
m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ50’E, 2 April 1971, SS & G 41884 (LD); in the village area of
Arnas, 450 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ50’E, 1 June 1992, SS & BS 9118 (LD).
L. ochrus (L.) DC.
Rare field weed.
C. 1 km NW of Gavrion, 0-50 m, 37Æ54’N 24Æ44’E, 30 March 1971, SS & G
41645 (LD); 2.5 km ENE of Vitali, 0-10 m, 37Æ56’N 24Æ49’E, 4 April 1971, SS
& G 41965 (LD).
L. setifolius L.
Only collected twice.
C. 3 km S of the top of Mt. Rakhi, cultivations, 100-200 m, 37Æ42’N
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24Æ56’E, 13 May 1968, SS & B 31528 (LD); cliffs c. 1 km NE of Ano Gavrion,
500-600 m, 37Æ55’N 24Æ46’E, 1 April 1971, SS & G 41844 (LD).
L. sphaericus Retz.
Mostly in cultivated areas.
1.5-2 km WNW-W of Apoikia, 430-530 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ53’E, 15 May 1968,
SS & B 31663 (LD); in the valley 1.5-2 km NE of Vourkoti, 250-300 m,
37Æ52’N 24Æ54’E, 16 May 1968, SS & B 31942 (LD); Arnas, macchie on steep
slope, heavily grazed, mica schist, 37Æ51’N 24Æ50’E, 20 July 2000, Mucina &
Sieben 6842/28 (Mucina, private herb.).
Lotus angustissimus L.
Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 32261 (LD), B 34782 (LD),
L. conimbricensis Brot.
Various open localities, often as a weed.
Vouchers: SS & G 41681 (LD), SS & BS 7942, 8047, 11980 (LD).
L. cytisoides L.
Seashores, rocky habitats. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31434 (LD), St 18263 (ATH).
L. edulis L.
Various open localities, mostly near the sea. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 32847 (LD), SS & G 41904 (LD).
L. ornithopodioides L.
Mostly in cultivated areas. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31667 (LD), SS & G 41972 (LD).
L. peregrinus L.
Only found in three places.
C. 3 km S of the top of Mt. Rakhi, wet spots among cultivations, 100-200
m, 37Æ42’N 24Æ56’E, 13 May 1968, SS & B 31516 (LD); N of Batsi, 0-10 m,
37Æ52’N 24Æ47’E, 7 March 1969, SS & B 38729 (LD); The islet with the castle
ruin NE of Chora Andros, 37Æ50’N 24Æ56’E, 18 April 2000, SS & BS obs.
L. preslii Ten.
Permanently or periodically wet places. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 32582 (LD), SS & BS 7932, 9216 (LD), St 6586 (ATH).
L. subbiflorus Lagasca
Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31739, 32702 (LD).
Lupinus albus L. subsp. graecus (Boiss. & Spruner) Franco & P. Silva
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Fields and roadsides. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & G 41723 (LD), SS & BS 7862 (LD).
L. angustifolius L.
Field weed. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & G 42059 (LD), SS & BS 3472 (LD), St 7708 (ATH).
L. micranthus Guss.
Roadsides and fields. Several localities. Probably increasing.
Village of Epano Fellos, 200 m, 37Æ55’N 24Æ43’E, 3 April 1970, St 7673 (ATH);
the village of Ateni, 50 m, 37Æ54’N 24Æ49’E, 5 June 1992, SS & BS 9222 (LD).
L. varius L. subsp. orientalis Franco & P. Silva
Fields and roadsides. Several localities.
Vouchers: St 7674, 7802 (ATH), SS & BS 6552 (B, LD), SS & BS 11666
(LD, cult.).
Medicago arabica (L.) Hudson
Mostly in cultivated areas. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 32825 (LD), SS & G 41950 (LD).
M. arborea L.
Locally escaped from cultivation as an ornamental.
C. 3 km S of the top of Mt. Rakhi, in terrace wall, 150 m, 37Æ42’N 24Æ56’E,
13 May 1968, SS & B 31485 (LD); 1 km W of Kapparia, 37Æ46’N 24Æ54’E, 29
Aug. 1994, SS & BS obs; Ammolochos, the SW part of the village area, 400 m,
37Æ54’N 24Æ45’E, 20 April 1995, SS & BS obs.
M. constricta Durieu
Only collected twice.
Batsi, dry slope NE of the village, 37Æ52’N 24Æ47’E, 16 April 1990, SS & BS
6667 (B, LD); between the villages of Batsi and Gavrio, dry stony ground with
phrygana near the sea, 37Æ52’N 24Æ46’E, 24 April 1975, St 18270 (ATH).
M. coronata (L.) Bartal.
Various dry, open vegetation. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31443 (LD), SS & G 42028 (LD), St 18268 (ATH).
M. disciformis DC.
Various dry, open vegetation. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 33251 (LD), SS & BS 3550 (LD).
M. littoralis Loisel.
Open dry localities, mostly near the sea. Many localities.
Vouchers: St 7756 (ATH, form with long spines), SS & B 32976 (LD), SS &
BS 3482 (LD).
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M. lupulina L.
Moist places. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31670 (LD), B 34871 (LD).
M. marina L.
Maritime sand. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 32947 (LD), St 7751, 18279 (ATH).
M. monspeliaca (L.) Trautv.
Open, dry localities. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 38599 (LD), SS & G 41998 (LD).
M. murex Willd.
Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31831 (LD), SS & BS 8046 (B, LD).
M. orbicularis (L.) Bartal.
Various open vegetation. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 32550 (LD), SS & BS 16802 (LD).
M. polymorpha L.
Various types of vegetation. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31869 (LD), SS & G 41921 (LD), SS & BS 7900 (LD).
M. praecox DC.
Mostly on open soil. Scattered, locally common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31982 (LD), SS & G 41988 (LD).
M. rigidula (L.) All.
Various open vegetation. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 38680 (LD), SS & BS 3595 (LD).
M. rugosa Desr.
Moist places, often in fields. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 38679 (LD), SS & BS 3603 (LD).
M. sativa L.
subsp. falcata (L.) Arcang.
Only collected once.
N of the northern bay of Ormos Fellos, fields and rivulet bed, 37Æ53’N
24Æ42’E, 1 Sept. 1994, SS & BS 11703, (LD).
subsp. sativa
Locally introduced by cultivation.
Along the path between the villages of Messaria and Fallika, 120-150 m,
37Æ49’N 24Æ55’E, 11 June 1969, St 6570 (ATH); c. 2 km SW of the town of Andros,
small N-facing rivulet valley, 37Æ50’N 24Æ55’E, 14 June 1968, B 34878 (LD).
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M. truncatula Gaertner
Various dry vegetation. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 38894 (LD), SS & BS 7876 (LD).
M. tuberculata (Retz.) Willd.
Moist places, often in cultivated areas. Several localities.
Vouchers: B 34780 (LD), SS & B 38813 (LD), SS & G 41707 (LD).
Melilotus indicus (L.) All.
Weed and ruderal. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & BS 9060 (LD), SS & BS 9198 (B, LD).
M. messanensis (L.) All.
Mostly in moist places, near the sea.
Vouchers: B 34538 (LD), SS & BS 3471, 9199, 11960 (LD).
M. segetalis (Brot.) Ser. in DC.
Only found once.
The river S of Chora, 37Æ50’N 24Æ56’E, 4 June 1992, SS & BS 9196 (LD).
Onobrychis aequidentata (Sm.) D’Urv.
Garigue and phrygana. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 32065 (LD), St 18253 (ATH).
O. caput-galli (L.) Lam.
Various open localities. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31497, 32692 (LD).
Ononis diffusa Ten.
Mostly in maritime sand. Rare.
W of the harbour of Andros, 0-10 m, 37Æ50’N 24Æ56’E, 14 May 1968, SS &
B 31549 (LD); at the river S of the town of Andros, 0-10 m, 37Æ50’N 24Æ56’E,
23 May 1968, SS & B 33015 (LD); the S part of the harbour village of Ormos
Korthion, 37Æ46’N 24Æ57’E, 7 June 1992, SS & BS 9262 (LD).
O. pubescens L.
Only found twice.
Rocky shore c. 3 km S of the top of Mt. Rakhi, 0-50 m, 37Æ42’N 24Æ56’E,
13 May 1968, SS & B 31441 (LD); Korthion, sandy seashore and sandfields, 0-
10 m, 37Æ46’N 24Æ57’E, 25 May 1968, SS & B 33292 (LD).
O. reclinata L. subsp. minor (Moris) Arcang.
Open spots in phrygana and garigue. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 33250 (LD), SS & BS 9136 (LD).
O. spinosa L. subsp. antiquorum (L.) Arcang.
Garigue. Many localities.
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Vouchers: SS & B 32655 (LD), B 34734 (LD).
Ornithopus compressus L.
Various types of open vegetation. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 32249 (LD), SS & G 41685 (LD), St 7688 (ATH).
O. pinnatus (Miller) Druce
Remata, old abandoned terrace with garigue, 160 m, 37Æ52’N 24Æ50’E, 22
April 2000, Mucina & Sieben 7112/30 (LD).
Parkinsonia aculeata L.
Introduced by cultivation as an ornamental.
The N part of Gavrion, 10 m, roadside, banks of ditches and rivulet course,
37Æ53’N 24Æ44’E, 26 Aug. 1994, SS & BS 11608 (LD).
Scorpiurus muricatus L.
Various types of vegetation. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31444 (LD), SS & G 41996 (LD).
Securigera cretica (L.) Lassen
Various types of open vegetation. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 34606 (LD), SS & BS 7925 (LD).
S. parviflora (Desv.) Lassen
Various types of open vegetation. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 32849 (LD), SS & BS 6623 (LD), St 18254 (ATH).
S. securidaca (L.) Degen & Dörfler
Wet places. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 32149 (LD), B 34605 (LD), St 7753 (ATH).
Spartium junceum L.
Garigue and macchie, often on roadsides. Locally common.
Voucher: SS & BS 9065 (LD).
Teline monspessulana (L.) C. Koch
Moist and sheltered places. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 38895 (LD), SS & BS 8030 (LD), St 7770, 18298 (ATH).
Tetragonolobus purpureus Moench
Only found once.
Vitalio, NE of the church, 150 m, 37Æ56’N 24Æ48’E, 28 April 1995, SS & BS
12031 (LD).
Trifolium andricum Lassen
Open, dry localities. Map 44.
Vouchers: SS & B 31503 (LD), SS & BS 6588 (LD), St 18290 (ATH).
T. angustifolium L.
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Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31171 (LD), SS & BS 7943, 8054 (LD).
T. arvense L.
Mostly on open soil. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31666, 32185 (LD).
T. bocconei Savi
Only collected twice in one small area.
C. 1 km E-ESE of Palaiopolis, 350-450 m, 37Æ49’N 24Æ50’E, 18 May 1968,
SS & B 32252 (LD); c. 1.5 km ESE-E of Palaiopolis, 450-600 m, 37Æ49’N
24Æ50’E, 18 May 1968, SS & B 32281 (LD).
T. campestre Schreber
Various types of localities. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31501, 33297 (LD), St 18313 (ATH).
T. cherleri L.
Katakilos, phrygana on old field, 160 m, 37Æ52’N 24Æ48’E, 19 April 2000,
Mucina & Sieben 7093/10 (LD).
T. clypeatum L.
Moist and sheltered localities. Map 45.
Vouchers: SS & B 33285 (LD), St 7681 (ATH).
T. fragiferum L.
Open localities, mostly near the sea. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 33030 (LD), B 34796 (LD), SS & BS 11516 (LD).
T. globosum L.
Rare.
Kallivari, in the valley W and NW of the village, 200 m, 37Æ58’N 24Æ45’E,
12 June 1968, B 34698 (LD); 0-1 km NE of the church of Vitalio, 100 m,
37Æ56’N 24Æ48’E, 5 May 1991, SS & BS 7954 (LD); NE of Sineti, 100 m,
37Æ49’N 24Æ57’E, 18 April 1995, SS & BS 11931 (LD); Remata, road to Voris
Beach, 37Æ53’N 24Æ51’E, 22 July 2002, Mucina & Sieben 6853/17 (LD).
T. glomeratum L.
Open spots in garigue and phrygana. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31762 (LD), SS & BS 8015 (LD).
T. grandiflorum Schreber
Mostly under shrubs and in moist places. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 32540, 32704 (LD), SS & BS 6587 (LD, UPA).
T. infamia-ponertii Greuter
Mostly on open soil. Many localities.
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Vouchers: SS & BS 7983, 8056 (LD).
T. lappaceum L.
Various open vegetation. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 32282, 32415 (LD), B 34704 (LD).
T. ligusticum Loisel.
Only found once.
2.5 km WNW-W of Apoikia, 37Æ51’N 24Æ53’E, 15 May 1968, SS & B 31763
(LD).
T. micranthum Viv.
Periodically wet places. Rare.
C. 2.5 km WNW-W of Apoikia, 550-720 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ53’E, 15 May 1968,
SS & B 31764 (LD); c. 1.5 km ESE-E of Palaiopolis, 450-600 m, 37Æ49’N
24Æ50’E, 18 May 1968, SS & B 32285 (LD); the NE ridge of Mt. Kouvara
(Petalon Oros), 1.5 km NNE of the top called Prof. Elias, 800 m, 37Æ51’N
24Æ52’E, 3 June 1992, SS & BS 9143 (LD); ibid, 850-900 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ52’E,
3 June 1992, SS & BS 9156 (LD).
T. nigrescens Viv.
Various types of vegetation. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 32248 (LD), SS & G 41708 (LD), St 7759 (ATH).
T. patens Schreber
Moist places near the sea. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 33029 (LD), B 34534 (LD).
T. physodes MB.
Permanently or periodically moist places. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 32703 (LD), SS & BS 7944 (LD), St 7680 (ATH).
T. purpureum Loisel.
Roadsides and cultivated areas. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31491 (LD), SS & BS 9217 (LD), St 6565, 6609 (ATH).
T. repens L.
Wet places. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 32022, 38527 (LD).
T. resupinatum L.
Various open vegetation. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31563, 33305 (LD).
T. scabrum L.
Various open vegetation. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 32247 (LD), SS & BS 3528 (LD).
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T. spumosum L.
Moist and sheltered places. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & G 41811 (LD), SS & BS 8002 (LD).
T. squamosum L.
Only found once.
NE of Ateni, near the beach, fields wet in spring, 0-5 m, 37Æ54’N 24Æ50’E,
3 May 1991, SS & BS 7926 (LD).
T. stellatum L.
Various open vegetation. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 38635 (LD), St 7754 (ATH).
T. subterraneum L.
Permanently or periodically moist places. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31590, 38689 (LD).
T. suffocatum L.
Periodically wet places, depressions. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31118 (LD), SS & BS 7947 (LD).
T. tomentosum L.
Often on open soil. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 32114 (LD), SS & BS 7945 (LD).
T. uniflorum L.
Various open vegetation. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31872 (LD), SS & G 41649 (LD), St 7725, 10827, 18342
(ATH).
Trigonella balansae Boiss. & Reuter
Rocks, mostly coastal. Map 46.
Vouchers: SS & G 42134 (LD), SS & BS 3518 (LD), St 7752, 18251 (ATH).
Vicia articulata Hornem.
Several localities.
Vouchers: St 7693 (ATH), SS & B 38630 (LD).
V. bithynica (L.) L.
Mostly in cultivated areas. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 32234 (LD), SS & BS 3466 (LD).
V. cretica Boiss. & Heldr.
Mostly in phrygana and garigue, often in shrubs. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31661 (LD), SS & BS 7912 (LD), St 7694 (ATH).
V. cuspidata Boiss.
Only collected in three places.
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0.5 km W of the town of Andros, 20-50 m, 37Æ50’N 24Æ56’E, 3 March 1969,
SS & B 38431 (LD); 0.5 km N of Kapparia, 300 m, 37Æ46’N 24Æ54’E, 7 March
1969, SS & B 38686 (LD); Vourkoti, near road curve at entrance to village, 600
m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ54’E, 23 April 2000, Mucina & Sieben 7131/3 (LD).
V. hybrida L.
Mostly in cultivated areas. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 32930 (LD), SS & BS 11538 (LD).
V. lathyroides L.
Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 38558, 38885 (LD).
V. lutea L.
Mostly in cultivated areas. Several localities.
Vouchers: St 7706 (ATH), SS & BS 7868, 11953 (LD).
V. melanops Sm.
Only found once.
2 km NNW of Palaiopolis, 37Æ50’N 24Æ49’E, 10 April 1990, SS & BS 6554
(B, LD).
V. parviflora Cav.
Only found once.
E of Ag. Marina, c. 1 km NE of Ag. Petros, 400 m, 37Æ54’N 24Æ46’E, 20
May 1968, SS & B 32584 (LD).
V. pubescens (DC.) Link
Various types of vegetation. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31668 (LD), SS & BS 8052 (LD).
V. sativa L.
The species is common, extremely variable, sometimes cultivated and
escaped.
subsp. macrocarpa (Moris) Arcang.
Vouchers: SS & B 31478b, 32183, 33042b (LD).
subsp. nigra (L.) Ehrh.
Vouchers: SS & B 31573, 32244 (LD).
subsp. sativa
Vouchers: SS & B 31478a (LD), St 7705 (ATH).
V. villosa Roth
Extremely variable species.
subsp. eriocarpa (Hausskn.) P. W. Ball
Mostly in cultivated areas. Many localities.
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Vouchers: SS & BS 9170, 9210, 11541 (LD).
subsp. microphylla (D’Urv.) P. W. Ball
Mostly in shrubs of phrygana and garigue. Common.
Vouchers: B 34870 (LD), SS & B 32250 (LD), St 18317 (ATH).
subsp. varia (Host) Corb.
Only collected once.
The outer part of the valley S of Akra Gria, 37Æ54’N 24Æ57’E, 24 May 1968,
SS & B 33038 (LD).
Linaceae
Linum bienne Miller
Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 32808 (LD), SS & G 41647 (LD).
L. strictum L. subsp. spicatum (Pers.) Nyman
Various types of open vegetation. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 32661 (LD), SS & BS 3508 (LD).
L. trigynum L.
Various types of open vegetation. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 32062 (LD), B 34773 (LD).
Radiola linoides Roth
Open, wet soil. Rare.
2-2.5 km WNW-W of Apoikia, macchie, 530-550 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ53’E, 15
May 1968, SS & B 31740 (LD); ibid 550-720 m, SS & B 31794 (LD); c. 1 km E-
ESE of Palaiopolis, 350-450 m, 37Æ49’N 24Æ50’E, 18 May 1968, SS & B 32271
(LD); c. 1.5 km ESE-E of Palaiopolis, 450-600 m, 37Æ49’N 24Æ50’E, 18 May
1968, SS & B 32287 (LD); small rivulet valley c. 2.5 km S of the top of Mt. Ag.
Saranda, 400-470 m, 37Æ55’N 24Æ47’E, 20 May 1968, SS & B 32571 (LD).
Lythraceae
Lythrum hyssopifolia L.
Margins of wells and pools. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 32096 (LD), SS & BS 9233 (LD).
L. junceum Banks & Sol.
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Common in wet localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31472 (LD), SS & BS 6616 (LD), St 6597 (ATH).
Malvaceae
Lavatera arborea L.
Mostly in rocky places near the sea. Probably introduced by cultivation in
the inland village areas. Few localities, but locally common.
By the village of Katakilos, 300 m, 37Æ52’N 24Æ49’E, 5 April 1970, St 7795
(ATH); the village area of Kallivari, 300 m, 37Æ58’N 24Æ45’E, 9 June 1992, SS
& BS 9300 (LD); the SW part of Batsi, near the sea, 37Æ51’N 24Æ47’E, 25 April
1995, SS & BS 12008 (LD); Gavronisia, the islet of Makedona, 2 May 1991, SS
& BS obs.
L. bryoniifolia Miller
Rivulet courses, roadsides. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 32188 (LD), B 34712 (LD), St 6590 (ATH).
L. cretica L.
Mostly as a weed of gardens and fields. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31588 (LD), SS & G 42181 (LD), SS & BS 3488 (LD).
Malva aegyptia L.
Only found once.
The island of Megalo S of Gavrion, 37Æ51’N 24Æ45’E, 12 May 1968, SS & B
31145 (LD).
M. cretica Cav.
Only found twice.
C. 2.5 km NE of Gavrion, limestone, 100 m, 37Æ55’N 24Æ45’E, 11 June
1968, B 34671 (LD); c. 1200 m E of Akra Apothikes, 0-20 m, 37Æ47’N 24Æ52’E,
21 May 1968, SS & B 32676 (LD).
M. parviflora L.
Open, dry places and as a weed. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31365 (LD), SS & G 42141 (LD).
M. sylvestris L.
Open, dry places and as a weed. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31471 (LD), SS & BS 3516 (LD), St 7710 (ATH).
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Moraceae
Ficus carica L.
Commonly cultivated, probably only occasionally escaped.
NE of Ateni, near the beach, 0-10 m, 37Æ54’N 24Æ50’E, 3 May 1991, SS &
BS obs.; Vitalio, NE of the church, 150-200 m, 37Æ56’N 24Æ48’E, 5 May 1991,
SS & BS obs.
Myrtaceae
Myrtus communis L.
In wet macchie of rivulet courses. Map 47.
Vouchers: SS & B 31723 (LD), St 4193 (ATH).
Nyctaginaceae
Mirabilis jalapa L.
Introduced by cultivation as an ornamental. Street margins, ruderal locali-
ties.
Chora Andros, rivulet bed N of the beach, 37Æ50’N 24Æ56’E, 27 Aug. 1994,
SS & BS obs.
Oleaceae
Fraxinus ornus L.
Mostly in N slopes and moist valleys. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31644 (LD), B 34861 (LD), St 7771 (ATH).
Olea europaea L.
Probably only as planted and escaped. Many localities.
Voucher: SS & B 31194 (LD).
Phillyrea latifolia L.
Mostly in macchie and rivulet valleys. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31964, 38900 (LD).
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Onagraceae
Epilobium hirsutum L.
Wet places. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 32552, 33301 (LD), B 34817 (LD).
E. lanceolatum Sebast. & Mauri
Wet places and among cultivation. Rare.
W-part of Mt. Kouvarion, c. 4 km ESE of Batsi, 500-700 m, 37Æ50’N
24Æ48’E, 15 June 1964, SS 21094, 21112 (LD); by the rivulet SW of Vourkoti,
700 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ53’E, 8 June 1992, SS & BS 9283 (B, LD), 30 Aug. 1994, SS
& BS 11683 (LD).
E. obscurum Schreber
Wet places. Rare.
The outer part of the valley S of Akra Gria, 0-10 m, 37Æ54’N 24Æ57’E, 24
May 1968, SS & B 33082 (LD); the NE ridge of Mt. Kouvara (Petalon Oros),
1.5 km NNE of the top called Prof. Elias, 800 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ52’E, 3 June
1992, SS & BS 9147 (B, LD).
E. obscurum x parviflorum
By the rivulet SW of Vourkoti, 700 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ53’E, 8 June 1992, SS &
BS 9284 (LD) Pollen variable in size, c. 30% normal.
E. parviflorum Schreber
Wet places, cultivated areas. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 32024 (LD), SS & BS 11556 (LD), St 6585 (ATH).
E. tournefortii Michalet.
Wet places. Only found once.
Valley 2-3 km N of Gavrion, 0-300 m, 37Æ54’N 24Æ44’E, 11 June 1968, B
34627 (LD).
Orobanchaceae
Orobanche alba Willd.
1-1.5 km SSW-S of Opiso Meria, 450-550 m, 37Æ44’N 24Æ55’E, 17 May
1968, SS & B 32079 (LD); Mt. Kouvara, the top area, 950-980 m, 37Æ51’N
24Æ52’E, 18 May 1968, SS & B 32346 (LD).
O. amethystea Thuill. var. attica
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Aptouria, ENE of Apikia, 37Æ51’N 24Æ54’E, 15 April 1995, SS & BS
11910 (LD).
O. crenata Forskål
Locally common in Vicia faba cultivations.
Voucher: SS & BS 6600 (B, LD).
O. gracilis Sm.
Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31882 (LD), SS & BS 7956 (LD), St 7773, 18287 (ATH).
O. lavandulacea Reichenb.
In cultivated areas. Rare.
1 km S of Chora, 37Æ50’N 24Æ56’E, 12 April 1990, SS & BS 6606 (LD);
Aptouria, ENE of Apikia, 37Æ51’N 24Æ54’E, 15 April 1995, SS & BS 11909 (LD).
O. mutelii F. W. Schultz
N of Batsi, 0-5 m, 37Æ52’N 24Æ47’E, 22 May 1968, SS & B 32877 (LD); S of
Chora, 37Æ50’N 24Æ56’E, 12 April 1990, SS & BS 6599 (LD); NE of Ateni, near
the beach, phrygana on schist and sandy soil, 0-5 m, 37Æ54’N 24Æ50’E, 3 May
1991, SS & BS 7905 (LD).
O. nana (Reuter) G. Beck
Various types of localities. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 32009 (LD), SS & G 42169 (LD).
O. pubescens D’Urv.
Various types of vegetation. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31224 (LD), SS & BS 6605,7977 (LD).
Oxalidaceae
Oxalis corniculata L.
A weed of gardens and fields, and ruderal. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 33117 (LD), SS & BS 11630, 11639, 11976 (LD).
O. exilis A. Cunn.
Introduced, escaped within settlements.
Chora Andros, crevices in street pavement in central town, 37Æ50’N
24Æ56’E, 31 Aug. 1994, SS & BS 11722 (LD).
O. pes-caprae L.
Introduced, but very common in various types of localities. Occurring in
two forms, one with normal flowers, the other with double flowers.
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Vouchers: SS & B 31996, 33095 (LD).
Paeoniaceae
Paeonia mascula (L.) Miller subsp. hellenica Tzanoud.
Only found in a small area in the N slope of Mt. Kouvara above the village
of Arnas.
Vouchers: SS & B 38789 (LD), St 7778 (ATH, C), St 18328 (ATH).
Papaveraceae
Glaucium flavum Crantz
Various types of coastal vegetation. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 33307 (LD), SS & G 42173 (LD), SS & BS 11529 (LD).
Papaver apulum Ten.
Only collected once.
Ag. Simeon, in the village area, 400-500 m, 37Æ56’N 24Æ48’E, 9 May 1991,
SS & BS 8032 (LD).
P. argemone L. subsp. nigrotinctum (Fedde) Kadereit
In the lower part of the valley 0.5 km S-SE of Mainites, 100-200 m, 37Æ49’N
24Æ54’E, 6 March 1969, SS & B 38621 (LD); Akr. Thiakion, SSE of Batsi, 50
m, 37Æ49’N 24Æ47’E, 6 May 1991, SS & BS 7981 (LD); NE of Sineti, 100 m,
37Æ49’N 24Æ57’E, 18 April 1995, SS & BS 11929 (LD).
P. hybridum L.
Only collected once.
2 km NE of Ag. Petros. Phrygana with scattered parts of macchie, 350-400
m, 37Æ55’N 24Æ47’E, 20 May 1968, SS & B 32398 (LD).
P. rhoeas L.
var. rhoeas
Various open localities, often as a weed. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31476, 31986,38863 (LD).
var. strigosum Boenn.
The islet of Megalo S of Gavrion, 37Æ51’N 24Æ45’E, 12 May 1968, SS & B
31177 (LD); the islet of Akramatis S of Gavrion, 37Æ52’N 24Æ45’E, 13 May
1968, SS & B 31312 (LD); Palaiopolis, 200-300 m, 37Æ49’N 24Æ50’E, 18 May
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1968, SS & B 32177 (LD); Vitalio, 1-2 km NE of the church, in the rivulet val-
ley, 37Æ56’N 24Æ49’E, 5 May 1991, SS & BS 7962 (LD).
Plantaginaceae
Plantago afra L.
Various types of dry localities. Common. Map 48.
Vouchers: SS & B 32836 (LD), SS & BS 7979 (LD), St 7700 (ATH).
P. albicans L.
Only found in one place.
SSE of Batsi, between the main road and Akr. Thiakion, 37Æ49’N 24Æ48’E,
6 May 1991, SS & BS 7968 (LD).
P. amplexicaulis Cav.
Only found in one place.
Mountain ridge (530 m) between Apikia (320 m) and Moni Ag. Nikolaos
(410 m), burned phrygana and macchie, 350-530 m, 31 March 1991, Kalheber
91-029 (Kalheber private herb.).
P. arenaria Waldst. & Kit.
Sandy places near the sea. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31554, 33309 (LD).
P. bellardii All.
Various types of dry localities.
subsp. bellardii
Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31864, 31874 (LD).
subsp. deflexa (Pilger) Rech. fil.
Mostly coastal. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 32297 (LD), SS & G 41848 (LD), St 18264 (ATH).
P. commutata Guss.
Various types of localities. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31310 (LD), SS & BS 3569 (LD), St 18266 (ATH).
P. coronopus L.
Only found in two places.
The islet of Akramatis, S of Gavrion, 37Æ51’N 24Æ44’E, 13 May 1968, SS &
B 31404 (LD); Ormos Korthion, fields and roadsides in the S part, 37Æ46’N
24Æ57’E, 29 Aug. 1994, SS & BS 11652 (B, LD).
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P. crassifolia Forskål
Wet maritime localities. Several localities.
Vouchers: B 34593, SS & G 41717 (LD), St 16362 (ATH).
P. cretica L.
Open soil near sea level. Rare.
Seashore of the village of Batsi, 37Æ50’N 24Æ57’E, 4 April 1970, St 7747
(ATH); 1-2 km N of Batsi, 100 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ47’E, 4 May 1991, SS & BS 7930
(LD).
P. lagopus L.
Various types of vegetation. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 38637, 38704 (LD).
P. lanceolata L.
Mostly in cultivated areas, roadsides etc. Common.
Voucher: St 7711 (ATH).
P. major L.
Various more or less wet localities. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31895 (LD), B 34814 (LD).
Platanaceae
Platanus orientalis L.
Permanently moist valleys. Also planted. Map 49.
Vouchers: SS & B 31965 (LD), St 7767 (ATH).
Plumbaginaceae
Limonium graecum (Poiret) Rech. fil.
Common on islets and in other maritime localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31227 (LD), St 16364, 18278 (ATH).
L. ocymifolium (Poiret) O. Kuntze
Mainly on islets and rocky seashores. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 33184, 33205 (LD).
L. sinuatum (L.) Miller
Open, dry places, mostly near the sea. Map 50.
Vouchers: SS & B 32606 (LD), B 33315 (LD).
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L. virgatum (Willd.) Fourr.
Only found in one place.
Gavrion, seashore and meadows W of the town, 37Æ53’N 24Æ44’E, 10 June
1968, B 34585 (LD).
Polygalaceae
Polygala monspeliaca L.
Among shrublets of phrygana and garigue. Only found in one place.
C. 1.5 km ESE-E of Palaiopolis, 450-600 m, 37Æ49’N 24Æ50’E, 18 May 1968,
SS & B 32306 (LD).
Polygonaceae
Emex spinosa (L.) Campd.
Maritime sand, sandy fields. Only collected once.
N of Batsi, 0-5 m, 37Æ52’N 24Æ47’E, 22 May 1968, SS & B 32887 (LD).
Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) S. F. Gray
subsp. lapathifolia
Permanently and periodically wet places. Rare.
The outer part of the valley S of Akra Gria, 0-10 m, 37Æ54’N 24Æ57’E, 24
May 1968, SS & B 33075 (LD); the village of Arnas, 450 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ50’E,
28 Aug. 1994, SS & BS 11636 (LD).
subsp. pallida (With.) S. Ekman & Knutsson
Only collected once.
In the valley 1.5-2 km NE of Vourkoti, 250-300 m, 37Æ52’N 24Æ54’E, 16
May 1968, SS & B 31924 (LD).
P. salicifolia (Willd.) Assenov
Permanently wet localities. Only found in two places.
The outer part of the valley S of Akra Gria, 0-10 m, 37Æ54’N 24Æ57’E, 24
May 1968, SS & B 33076 (LD); Remata, Voris Beach, swamp forest, 37Æ54’N
24Æ52’E, 22 July 2000, Mucina & Sieben 6857/01 (Mucina, private herb.).
Polygonum aviculare L. subsp. neglectum (Besser) Arcang.
Wet places, fields. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 33007 (LD), SS & BS 11543, 11613, 11637 (LD).
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P. maritimum L.
Seashore.
Vouchers: SS & B 33299 (LD), St 16363 (ATH, BM).
Rumex acetosella L. subsp. acetoselloides (Balansa) den Nijs
Open dry localities, fields. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31632 (LD), SS & BS 9263 (LD).
R. bucephalophorus L. subsp. aegaeus Rech. fil.
Only this subspecies is found in various types of localities on Andros. Com-
mon.
Vouchers: SS & B 38536 (LD), St 18277 (ATH).
R. conglomeratus Murray
Various wet localities. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31836 (LD), SS & BS 9225 (LD).
R. conglomeratus xcrispus
The village of Ateni, 50 m, 37Æ54’N 24Æ49’E, 5 June 1992, SS & BS 9226
(LD). Pollen <1% good.
R. crispus L.
In cultivated areas. Perhaps introduced. Rare.
4 km SE of the top of Mt. Kouvara, rivulet ravine near the road, 300 m,
37Æ49’N 24Æ54’E, 22 May 1968, SS & B 32750 (LD); the village of Ateni, 50 m,
37Æ54’N 24Æ49’E, 5 June 1992, SS & BS 9224 (LD).
R. cristatus DC.
Wet places. Only found once.
The outer part of the valley S of Akra Gria, 0-10 m, 37Æ54’N 24Æ57’E, 24
May 1968, SS & B 33080 (LD).
R. obtusifolius L. subsp. obtusifolius
As a weed in a maize field in the only locality, probably introduced.
SE of the church of Vitalio, near the rivulet, irrigated field, 150 m, 37Æ55’N
24Æ48’E, 26 Aug. 1994, SS & BS 11588 (LD).
R. pulcher L.
Fields, wet localities. Common.
subsp. pulcher
Small valley on the N-slope 2 km SSE of the top of Mt. Ag. Saranda, 270-
350 m, 37Æ55’N 24Æ47’E, 20 May 1968, SS & B 32423 (LD).
subsp. woodsii (De Not.) Arcang.
Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31470 (LD), SS & BS 9076 (LD).
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R. tuberosus L. subsp. creticus (Boiss.) Rech. fil.
Mostly in periodically wet places and under shrubs. Map 51.
Vouchers: SS & G 41782 (LD), St 7692, 7801, 18310 (ATH).
Portulacaceae
Montia arvensis Wallr.
Permanently wet places. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 38769 (LD), SS & BS 9146 (LD), St 7790, 18332 (ATH).
Portulacca oleracea L.
Mostly as weed and ruderal. Rare.
At the river S of the town of Andros, 0-10 m, 37Æ50’N 24Æ56’E, 23 May
1968, SS & B 32962 (LD); the outer part of the valley S of Akra Gria, 0-10 m,
37Æ54’N 24Æ57’E, 24 May 1968, SS & B 33163 (LD); Batsi, as a ruderal of
street margins, etc., 37Æ51’N 24Æ47’E, 10 June 1992, SS & BS 9314 (LD).
Primulaceae
Anagallis arvensis L.
Various types of localities. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31214, 32666 (LD).
Asterolinon linum-stellatum (L.) Duby
Open areas in various types of localities. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31793 (LD), SS & G 42009 (LD).
Cyclamen hederifolium Sol. in Aiton
Mostly in sheltered places. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31814 (LD), SS & BS 11633 (LD), St 4180 (ATH).
Primula vulgaris Hudson. subsp. vulgaris
Permanently wet, sheltered places. Map 52.
Vouchers: St 7777, 10833, 18316 (ATH), SS & B 31724 (LD).
Samolus valerandi L.
Wet places. Map 53.
Vouchers: SS & B 31467 (LD), SS & BS 6655 (LD), St 4191, 6592 (ATH).
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Punicaceae
Punica granatum L.
Cultivated and remaining from cultivation.
Rafflesiaceae
Cytinus hypocistis (L.) L. subsp. clusii Nyman
Parasitizing Cistus creticus. Only found in one place.
Arnas, c. 1.5 km NW of the main church, slopes between old terraces, 300
m, 37Æ52’N 24Æ50’E, 1 June 1992, SS & BS 9110 (LD).
Ranunculaceae
Anemone coronaria L.
Open, periodically moist places. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 38625, 38696 (LD), St 10823 (ATH).
A. pavonina Lam.
Open, periodically moist places. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 38406 (LD), SS & G 41720 (LD), St 7720 (ATH).
Clematis cirrhosa L.
Among shrubs. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 32058, 32639 (LD).
C. vitalba L.
In wet and sheltered places, scrambling in trees and shrubs. Several local-
ities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31612, 33087 (LD), SS & BS 9105 (B, LD).
Delphinium peregrinum L.
Open, dry localities. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS 21131 (LD), B 34715 (LD), St 4185, 6574 (ATH).
D. staphisagria L.
Mostly in moist localities near settlements. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31553, 33156 (LD), St 6613 (ATH).
Nigella damascena L.
Open areas in dry vegetation. Scattered, common only in the limestone areas.
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Vouchers: SS 21121 (LD), SS & B 31515, 32662 (LD).
N. degenii Vierh. subsp. barbro Strid
Open areas in dry vegetation. Only found in one small area on Oros Rakhi.
1-1.5 km SSW-S of Opiso Meria, 450-550 m, 17 May 1968, SS & B 32071
(LD); Oros Rakhi, garigue NW-W of the top, 600-800 m, 17 May 1968, SS &
B 32097 (LD).
Ranunculus chius DC.
Wet places. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31204 (LD), SS & BS 6576, 11966 (LD).
R. ficaria L. subsp. ficariiformis (F. W. Schultz) Rouy & Foucaud.
In permanently or periodically wet localities. Common.
Vouchers: St 7791, 18335 (ATH).
R. muricatus L.
Permanently wet places. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 32497 (LD), SS & BS 6631 (LD).
R. neapolitanus Ten.
Permanently or periodically wet places. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31676 (LD), SS & BS 8034 (LD).
R. paludosus Poiret
Various types of open vegetation. Many localities.
Vouchers: St 7695, 18338 (ATH), SS & G 42048 (LD).
R. sardous Crantz (incl. R. marginatus D’Urv.)
Permanently wet places.
Vouchers: SS & B 38450 (LD), SS & BS 7916 (LD), St 7739 (ATH).
R. sprunerianus Boiss.
Permanently or periodically wet places. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 32051 (LD), St 7714 (ATH), SS & BS 3592 (LD).
R. thasius Halácsy
Periodically wet places in the mountains. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31677, 38909 (LD), St 7786, 10838, 18329 (ATH).
R. trichophyllus Chaix
Only in the outer part of the river S of Chora Andros.
Vouchers: SS & B 32984 (LD), B 34807 (LD), SS & BS 9201 (LD).
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Resedaceae
Reseda lutea L.
Mostly as weed and ruderal. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31525 (LD), B 34658 (LD), St 7709 (ATH).
Rhamnaceae
Paliurus spina-christi Miller
Only in one place, perhaps introduced.
Gavrion, seashore and meadows W of the town, 37Æ53’N 24Æ44’E, 10 June
1968, B 34595 (LD).
Rhamnus alaternus L.
Macchie, sheltered places, among trees. Many localities. Map 54.
Vouchers: SS & B 31614 (LD), B 34631 (LD), St 10805 (ATH), SS & G
41775 (LD).
R. lycioides L. subsp. graecus (Boiss. & Reuter) Tutin
Several localities but mainly in the limestone areas.
Vouchers: SS & B 31437 (LD); SS & BS 9242, 9307 (LD).
Rosaceae
Agrimonia eupatoria L. subsp. eupatoria
Only found in one place.
S of Remata, the rivulet valley, 0.5 km above the road, 150 m, 37Æ51’N
24Æ50’E, 28 Aug. 1994, SS & BS 11629 (B, LD).
Aphanes arvensis L.
Open areas in various types of localities. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31774 (LD), SS & BS 8023, 9153 (LD).
A. microcarpa (Boiss. & Reuter) Rothm.
Open areas. Only collected in two places.
1-2 km WNW og Gavrion, 50-200 m, 30 March 1971, SS & G 41658 (LD);
the small peninsula c. 1 km SW of Gavrion, 35 m high, loose schist, 8 April
1971, SS & G 42123 (LD).
Crataegus monogyna Jacq.
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Mainly in moist places above 200 m. Many localities. Map 55.
Vouchers: SS & BS 8012,11566 (LD), St 4195, 18299 (ATH).
Potentilla micrantha DC.
Only in the N slope of Mt. Kouvara near Arnas.
Mt. Kouvara, 1 km N-NE of the top, 750-800 m, 37Æ52’N 24Æ52’E, 8 March
1969, SS & B 38786 (LD); N-slope of Mt. Kouvara (Petalon Oros), c. 2 km SW
of Arnas, 600-700 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ50’E, 2 April 1971, SS & G 41890 (LD).
P. reptans L.
Wet places. Map 56.
Vouchers: SS & B 32771 (LD), SS & BS 6659 (LD, UPA).
Pyrus spinosa Forskål
Various types of localities. Common.
Vouchers: SS & BS 9135 (LD), St 23497 (ATH).
Rosa agrestis Savi
The NE ridge of Mt. Kouvara (Petalon Oros), 2 km NE of the top called
Prof. Elias, 750 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ52’E, 3 June 1992, SS & BS 9168 (B, LD).
R. sempervirens L.
Among shrubs in various habitats. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 32157 (LD); SS & BS 9104 (B, LD, UPA), SS & BS 9251
(LD).
Rubus canescens DC.
Only found in one place.
Petalon Oros, 850 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ52’E, 12 June 1969, St 6605 (ATH). Det.
J. Zielinsky.
R. sanctus Schreber
Rivulet valleys and cultivated areas. Common.
Vouchers: St 4192 (ATH), Mucina & Sieben 6858/12 (Mucina, private
herb.).
Sanguisorba minor Scop.
subsp. polygama (Waldst. & Kit.) Holub
Probably rare, mainly in man-made habitats.
Vouchers: SS & B 31631, 31966 (LD), B 34731 (LD), Palaiopolis, SS & B
32311 (LD), hypanthium with short hairs.
subsp. verrucosa (Decaisne) Holmboe
Various types of localities. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31494, 32074 (LD).
Sarcopoterium spinosum (L.) Spach
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Common in phrygana and garigue.
Voucher: SS & B 38401 (LD).
Rubiaceae
Crucianella latifolia L.
Various types of vegetation. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31445, 32380 (LD).
Cruciata pedemontana (Bellardi) Ehrend.
Periodically moist places on the mountains. Rare.
Summit area of Mt. Kouvara, sandy and stony schistose ground with promi-
nent rocks, 900-945 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ52’E, 23 April 1975, St 18341 (ATH); SE of
Batsi, 2 km NW of the (W) summit of Mt. Kouvara, 550-600 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ48’E,
30 May 1992, SS & BS 9075 (LD); Mt. Kouvara (Petalon Oros), summit area of
Prof. Elias, 950-995 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ52’E, 3 June 1992, SS & BS 9164 (B, LD).
Galium aparine L.
Various types of localities. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31432 (LD), SS & G 41914 (LD).
G. debile Desf.
Permanently or periodically wet localities. Rare.
Small rivulet valley c. 2.5 km S of the top of Mt. Ag. Saranda, 400-470 m,
37Æ55’N 24Æ47’E, 20 May 1968, SS & B 32576 (LD); the NE ridge of Mt. Kou-
vara (Petalon Oros), 1.5 km NNE of the top called Prof. Elias, 800 m, 37Æ51’N
24Æ52’E, 3 June 1992, SS & BS 9150 (LD); the village of Ag. Simeon, N of
Vitali, wet slope, 450 m, 37Æ56’N 24Æ48’E,9 June 1992, SS & BS 9291 (LD).
G. divaricatum Lam.
C. 1 km E-ESE of Palaiopolis, 350-450 m, 37Æ49’N 24Æ50’E, 18 May 1968,
SS & B 32256 (LD); c. 1.5 km ESE-E of Palaiopolis, 450-600 m, 37Æ49’N
24Æ50’E, 18 May 1968, SS & B 32292 (LD); 2 km NE of Ag. Petros. phrygana
with scattered parts of macchie, 350-400 m, 37Æ55’N 24Æ47’E, 20 May 1968, SS
& B 32398 (LD).
G. melanantherum Boiss.
Only found twice.
C. 1200 m E of Akra Apothikes, 0-20 m, 37Æ47’N 24Æ52’E, 21 May 1968, SS
& B 32690 (LD); Limestone cliffs above the SE bay of Ormos Apothikes, 100
m, 37Æ47’N 24Æ52’E, 10 June 1992, SS & BS 9311 (LD).
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G. murale (L.) All.
Various types of localities. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31337, 31897 (LD).
G. parisiense L.
The NE ridge of Mt. Kouvara (Petalon Oros), 1.5 km NNE of the top
called Prof. Elias, 850-900 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ52’E, 3 June 1992, SS & BS 9158
(LD).
G. recurvum DC.
Rocky places near the sea. Rare.
Vouchers: SS & B 31680 (LD), SS & BS 8036 (LD, UPA).
G. rotundifolium L.
Only found in one small area.
Mt. Kouvara, small fen SE of the top, c. 900 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ52’E, 18 May
1968, SS & B 32351 (LD); the NE ridge of Mt. Kouvara (Petalon Oros), 1.5 km
NNE of the top called Prof. Elias, 850-900 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ52’E, 3 June 1992,
SS & BS 9154 (LD).
G. setaceum Lam.
C. 3 km S of the top of Mt. Rakhi, rivulet course, 100-200 m, 37Æ42’N
24Æ56’E, 13 May 1968, SS & B 31520 (LD).
G. spurium L.
Probably rare.
2-2.5 km WNW-W of Apoikia, macchie, 530-550 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ53’E, 15
May 1968, SS & B 31734 (LD); 4 km SE of the top of Mt. Kouvara, rivulet
ravine near the road, 300 m, 37Æ49’N 24Æ54’E, 22 May 1968, SS & B 32786
(LD); in the village area of Arnas, 450 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ50’E, 1 June 1992, SS &
BS 9115 (LD).
G. verrucosum Hudson.
A rare weed. Only found once.
1.5 km SE of Kallivari, c. 100 m, 37Æ57’N 24Æ45’E, 11 March 1969, SS & B
38886 (LD).
Rubia peregrina L.
Mostly among shrubs and trees. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31679 (LD), B 34620 (LD).
R. tinctorum L.
Mostly among shrubs. Perhaps introduced. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & BS 9080, 9254 (LD).
Sherardia arvensis L.
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Various types of localities. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31681 (LD), SS & G 41657 (LD), St 18333 (ATH).
Theligonum cynocrambe L.
Mostly in stony and rocky places. Map 57.
Vouchers: SS & B 31995 (LD), SS & G 42100 (LD).
Valantia hispida L.
Various dry places. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 32075 (LD), St 7745 (ATH).
V.muralis L.
Various dry places. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 38542 (LD), SS & G 41932 (LD).
Rutaceae
Ruta chalepensis L.
Mostly among shrubs and in rocks and cliffs. Scattered, locally common.
Vouchers: SS 21120 (LD), SS & BS 6571 (B, LD), St 7704 (ATH).
Salicaceae
Populus alba L.
Probably only as introduced.
Chora, in the N part of the township, 0-50 m, 37Æ50’N 24Æ56’E, 4 June
1992, SS & BS 9177 (LD); at the river S of Chora, 37Æ50’N 24Æ56’E, 4 June
1992, SS & BS 9202 (LD).
Salix alba L.
Wet places. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 32500, 32936 (LD).
Santalaceae
Osyris alba L.
A root hemiparasite on various shrubs. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31438 (LD), SS & BS 6602 (LD).
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Thesium bergeri Zucc.
A root hemiparasite on various hosts. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31787, 32401 (LD).
Sapindaceae
Cardiospermum halicacabum L.
Only found in one place. Introduced and probably casual.
N of the northern bay of Ormos Fellos, fields and rivulet bed, 37Æ53’N
24Æ42’E, 1 Sept. 1994, SS & BS 11706 (LD).
Saxifragaceae
Saxifraga carpetana Boiss. & Reuter subsp. graeca (Boiss. & Heldr.) D.
A. Webb
Sheltered and periodically moist places. Map 58.
Vouchers: St 10828, 18315 (ATH), SS & B 38422, 38531 (LD).
S. hederacea L.
Sheltered places among cliffs, rocks and walls. Map 59.
Vouchers: SS & B 31696 (LD), SS & G 42052 (LD).
Scrophulariaceae
Antirrhinum majus L. subsp. majus
In walls, cliffs, rocky slopes, roadsides. Introduced, naturalized at least
along the road from Batsi to Chora. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 32153 (LD), SS & BS 6553 (B, LD), St 6564 (ATH).
Bellardia trixago (L.) All.
Periodically wet places. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 32257 (LD), SS & G 41964 (LD).
Cymbalaria muralis P. Gaertner & al. subsp. muralis
Introduced by cultivation as an ornamental.
Batsi, crevices between stairs of the old streets, 37Æ52’N 24Æ47’E, 16
April 1990, SS & BS 6665 (B, LD); in the village area of Arnas, 450 m,
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37Æ51’N 24Æ50’E, 1 June 1992, SS & BS 9119 (LD); Chora Andros, crevices
in street pavement in central town, 37Æ50’N 24Æ56’E, 31 Aug. 1994, SS & BS
obs.
Kickxia commutata (Reichenb.) Fritsch subsp. graeca (Bory & Chaub.) R.
Fernandes
Rare weed.
Varidion, near the road NW of Tris Pedes, fields, 150-200 m, 37Æ57’N
24Æ45’E, 1 Sept. 1994, SS & BS 11712 (LD).
K. elatine (L.) Dumort.
subsp. crinita (Mabille) Greuter
Mostly as a field weed. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31702, 32299 (LD), B 34681 (LD), SS & BS 11544 (LD).
subsp. elatine
Only found in one place.
S of Remata, the rivulet valley, 150 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ50’E, 28 Aug. 1994, SS
& BS 11626B (LD).
K. spuria (L.) Dumort. subsp. integrifolia (Brot.) R. Fernandes
Mostly as a field weed. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31541, 32625 (LD).
Linaria pelisseriana (L.) Miller
Various types of dry localities. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 32648 (LD), SS & BS 8048 (LD), St 7687 (ATH).
Misopates orontium (L.) Raf.
Open areas in various habitats, often as a weed. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31542 (LD), SS & G 42152 (LD).
Parentucellia latifolia (L.) Caruel
Open places in dry vegetation. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31178, 38546 (LD).
P.viscosa (L.) Caruel
Permanently or periodically moist localities. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 32264, 33137 (LD).
Scrophularia heterophylla Willd.
Cliffs of limestone and hard schist. Map 60.
Vouchers: SS 21118, SS & BS 3610, SS & B 31475 (LD).
S. lucida L.
Rocks and cliffs, walls, roadsides. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31657, 31972 (LD), St 7807, 18343 (ATH).
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S. peregrina L.
Weed and ruderal, mostly in village areas. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31620, 38421 (LD).
Verbascum daenzeri (Fauché & Chaub.) O. Kuntze
Rare.
Between the villages of Remata and Arni, schistose ground with Quercus
and phrygana, 250-300 m, 37Æ52’N 24Æ50’E, 23 April 1975, St 18289 (ATH);
Arnas, c. 1.5 km NW of the main church, slopes between old terraces, 300 m,
37Æ52’N 24Æ50’E, 1 June 1992, SS & BS 9111 (B, LD).
V. daenzeri x sinuatum
By the rivulet SW of Vourkoti, 700 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ53’E, 8 June 1992, SS &
BS 9280 (LD). Pollen <1% normal.
V. densiflorum Bertol.
Open vegetation, mostly in cultivated areas. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31643 (LD), SS & BS 9066 (LD), St 18282 (ATH).
V. phlomoides L. var. cycladum Murb.
Mostly on roadsides, scattered.
1 km SW of Chora, 50 m, 37Æ50’N 24Æ56’E, 4 June 1992, SS & BS 9204
(LD); 0.5 km S of Pitrofos, 350 m, 37Æ48’N 24Æ52’E, 6 June 1992, SS & BS
9247 (LD)
V. sinuatum L.
Mostly roadsides and ruderal localities. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 32166 (LD), SS & BS 9092 (LD).
Veronica anagallis-aquatica L.
Wet localities, often in water. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & BS 6650, 9203 (LD).
V. arvensis L.
Various types of localities. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 38594B, 38967 (LD).
V. cymbalaria Bodard
Various types of localities. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 38776 p.p. (LD), SS & G 42032 (LD).
V. glauca Sm. subsp. peloponnesiaca (Boiss. & Orph.) Maire & Petitm.
Moist and sheltered localities. Map 61.
Vouchers: SS & B 38477 (LD), SS & BS 6580 (B), St 7782, 18326 (ATH).
V. hederifolia L. subsp. hederifolia
A rare weed.
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In the valley 1-2 km NE of Arni, 300-500 m, 37Æ52’N 24Æ51’E, 10 March
1969, SS & B 38838 (LD).
V. persica Poiret
Mostly as a weed. Several localities.
Voucher: SS & BS 6635 (LD).
V. polita Fries
Only found once.
Gavronisia, the island of Megaloniso, 37Æ51’N 24Æ51’E, 12 March 1969, SS
& B 38980 (LD).
Simaroubaceae
Ailanthus altissima (Miller) Swingle
Introduced by cultivation as an ornamental. Naturalizing in a few places.
Ormos Korthion, fields and roadsides in the S part, 37Æ46’N 24Æ57’E, 29
Aug. 1994, SS & BS 11653 (LD).
Solanaceae
Datura innoxia Miller
Introduced. Only observed in a small area.
The SW part of Batsi near the sea. Gardens, open dry soil and a dry slope
towards the sea, 37Æ51’N 24Æ47’E, 22 Aug. 1994, SS & BS 11492 (LD).
D. stramonium L.
A rare ruderal and weed.
Chora, in the N part of the township, 0-50 m, 37Æ50’N 24Æ56’E, 4 June
1992, SS & BS 9186 (LD); the beach area NE of Ateni, 37Æ54’N 24Æ50’E, 5
June 1992, SS & BS 9220 (LD); fields near the rivulet S of Chora Andros
37Æ50’N 24Æ56’E, 23 Aug. 1994, SS & BS 11526 (LD).
Hyoscyamus albus L.
Mostly as a weed in villages and at shelters for animals.
Voucher: SS & BS 9124 (LD).
Lycium europaeum L.
Only found once.
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C. 3 km S of the top of Mt. Rakhi, cliff, 100 m, 37Æ42’N 24Æ56’E, 13 May
1968, SS & B 31474 (LD).
Nicotiana glauca R. C. Graham
Cliffs and rocky slopes, mostly along roadsides near villages. Several localities.
Voucher: SS & B 31561 (LD).
Solanum dulcamara L.
Only found in one locality.
Village of Apikia, settlement of Apatouria, 250-300 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ55’E,
10 Sept. 1968, St 4182 (ATH).
S.luteum Miller subsp. luteum
Fields and roadsides. Rare.
NW of Apoikia, 300-450 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ54’E, 15 May 1968, SS & B 31641
(LD); at the river S of the town of Andros, 0-10 m, 37Æ50’N 24Æ56’E, 23 May
1968, SS & B 32961 (LD); Opiso Meria, roadside below irrigated gardens and
fields, 100-150 m, 37Æ44’N 24Æ55’E, 29 Aug. 1994, SS & BS 11677 (LD).
S. nigrum L.
Mostly as a ruderal and weed. Many localities.
subsp. nigrum
Certainly the most common subspecies on Andros.
Vouchers: SS & B 32155 (LD), SS & G 41711 (LD).
subsp. schultesii (Opiz) Wessely
Probably a late and rare introduction.
Fields 1-1.5 km SW of the beach of Ateni, 10-50 m, 37Æ54’N 24Æ49’E, 24
Aug. 1994, SS & BS 11551 (LD); 2 km E of Moni Panachranthou near the
road, irrigated fields below the road, 350-400 m, 37Æ48’N 24Æ56’E, 25 Aug.
1994, SS & BS 11571 (LD); Opiso Meria, roadside below irrigated gardens and
fields, 100-150 m, 37Æ44’N 24Æ55’E, 29 Aug. 1994, SS & BS 11678 (LD); the
rivulet valley SW of Vourkoti, weed in a field, 600-650 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ52’E, 30
Aug. 1994, SS & BS 11689 (LD).
Tamaricaceae
Tamarix tetrandra MB (syn. T. parviflora DC.)
Often planted, probably only as naturalized on Andros.
Near the shore NW of Gavrion, 37Æ53’N 24Æ44’E, 6 April 1985, SS & BS
3468 (LD), Ateni, 1.5-2 km SW of the beach, marshes and wet fields, 37Æ54’N
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24Æ50’E, 14 April 1990, SS & BS 6656 (LD); NE of Ateni, near the beach, 3
May 1991, SS & BS 7913 (LD).
T.ramosissima Ledeb. (syn. T. smyrnensis Bunge)
Probably indigenous near seashores. Only collected once.
The outer part of the valley S of Akra Gria, 0-10 m, 37Æ54’N 24Æ57’E, 24
May 1968, SS & B 33097 (LD).
Umbelliferae
Ammi majus L.
Field weed, late-flowering, only observed in a few localities.
The river S of Chora, 37Æ50’N 24Æ56’E, 4 June 1992, SS & BS 9192 (LD);
fields 1-1.5 km SW of the beach of Ateni, 10-50 m, 37Æ54’N 24Æ49’E, 24 Aug.
1994, SS & BS 11546 (B, LD).
Apium graveolens L.
Rare.
C. 1.5 km ESE of Akra Apothikes, 80-200 m, 37Æ47’E 24Æ52’E, 21 May
1968, SS & B 32645 (LD): the outer part of the valley S of Akra Gria, 0-10 m,
37Æ54’N 24Æ57’E, 24 May 1968, SS & B 33114 (LD); Ateni, 1.5-2 km SW of the
beach, marshes and wet fields, 37Æ54’N 24Æ50’E, 14 April 1990, SS & BS 6661
(LD); Chartes, the N part of the village area, in a well, 100 m, 37Æ57’E
24Æ43’E, 24 April 1995, SS & BS 11993-2 (LD).
A. nodiflorum (L.) Lagasca
Permanently wet localities, often in water. Common.
Vouchers: St 6593 (ATH), SS & BS 6569 (LD).
Athamanta macedonica (L.) Sprengel
Mostly as a chasmophyte, only found twice.
Oros Rakhi, cliffs of limestone W-SW of the top, 600-700 m, 37Æ44’N
24Æ56’E, 17 May 1968, SS & B 32135 (LD); Paleokastron, cliffs around the top
c. 2.5 km N of the harbour of Korthion, 500-550 m, 37Æ48’N 24Æ57’E, 25 May
1968, SS & B 33280 (LD).
Bifora testiculata (L.) Schultes
Field weed. Rare.
1-1.5 km SSW-S of Opiso Meria, 450-550 m, 37Æ44’N 24Æ55’E, 17 May
1968, SS & B 32077 (LD); Ag. Simeon, in the village area, 400-450 m, 37Æ56’N
24Æ48’E, 9 May 1991, SS & BS 8042 (LD).
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Bupleurum gracile D’Urv.
Phrygana and other open, dry localities, mainly on limestone, few localities
known.
Vouchers: SS & B 31519, 32412 (LD).
B. semicompositum L.
Mostly in rocky, maritime localities. Only found in Gavronisia.
Vouchers: SS & B 31189, 31348, 31390 (LD).
Carum multiflorum (Sm.) Boiss. subsp. multiflorum
Only found in one place.
Limestone cliffs above the SE bay of Ormos Apothikes, 100 m, 37Æ47’N
24Æ52’E, 10 June 1992, SS & BS 9312 (B, LD).
Crithmum maritimum L.
Seashores. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31552 (LD), SS & BS 11514 (LD), St 4202 (ATH).
Daucus carota L.
Fields, roadsides. Common.
Vouchers: B 34572 (LD), SS & BS 7891 (LD). The division into subspecies
is difficult to apply to the material of Andros.
subsp. maximus (Desf.) Ball
Palaiopolis, 200-250 m, 37Æ49’N 24Æ50’E, 18 May 1968, SS & B 32178
(LD); near the road NE of Akr. Kouroni, c. 2 km SE of Gavrion, 37Æ52’N
24Æ45’E, 9 June 1992, SS & BS 9302 (LD).
D. guttatus Sm.
Open, dry vegetation. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 32254 (LD), SS & BS 11563 (LD).
D. involucratus Sm.
Open, dry vegetation. Many localities.
Voucher: SS & B 32091 (LD).
Eryngium campestre L.
Open, dry places, often in man-made habitats. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 32833 (LD), SS & BS 11694 (LD).
E. maritimum L.
In maritime sand. Map 62.
Vouchers: SS & B 32883,33155 (LD).
Ferula communis L. subsp. glauca (L.) Rouy & Camus
Usually in rocky roadsides and terrace walls. Scattered, locally common,
especially near Stavros WNW of Korthion.
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Vouchers: SS 21126, SS & BS 9270 (LD).
Ferulago nodosa (L.) Boiss.
Scattered, locally common.
Vouchers: SS & B 32447, 32498 (LD), B 34729 (LD).
F. sartorii Boiss.
Endemic. Only occurring in the area N-NE of Moni Panachrantou.
Archipelagi ins. Andros: ad margines vinetorum in submontosis inter
coenobium Panagia Panachrantos et pagum Brachno, 37Æ48’N 24Æ55’E, 24
July 1886, Heldreich 931 (LD); c. 2 km SW of the town of Andros, small N-fac-
ing rivulet valley, 37Æ50’N 24Æ55’E, 14 June 1968, B 34895 (LD).
Foeniculum vulgare Miller
Mainly in villages and cultivated areas. Common.
Vouchers: St 4183 (ATH), SS & BS 11535 (LD).
Geocaryum macrocarpum (Boiss. & Spruner) Engstrand
Only found once.
Mt. Kouvara c. 1 km N-NE of the top, 750-800 m, 37Æ52’N 24Æ52’E, 8
March 1969, SS & B 38788 (LD).
Lagoecia cuminoides L.
Various types of localities. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 32105, SS & B 32799 (LD).
Malabaila involucrata Boiss. & Spruner in Boiss.
Common in the central part of the island, various types of vegetation, often
along roadsides.
Vouchers: SS & BS 6577 (LD), Mucina & Sieben 7107/21 (Mucina, private
herb.).
Oenanthe pimpinelloides L.
Wet places. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31878 (LD), SS & BS 9148 (LD).
Opopanax hispidus (Friv.) Griseb.
Mostly on roadsides and cultivated slopes. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 32233 (LD), St 6567 (ATH).
Orlaya daucoides (L.) Greuter
Rare.
SSW of Remata, 150 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ50’E, 23 April 1995, SS & BS 11981
(LD).
Pimpinella cretica Poiret
Only observed in a few places.
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Rocky shore c. 3 km S of the top of Mt. Rakhi, 0-50 m, 37Æ42’N 24Æ56’E,
13 May 1968, SS & B 31436 (LD).
P.peregrina L.
Only observed in a few places.
C. 0.5 km E of Sanganiari, 550 m, 37Æ47’N 24Æ53’E, 21 May 1968, SS & B
32746 (LD); Kallivari, in the valley W and NW of the village, 200 m, 37Æ58’N
24Æ45’E, 12 June 1968, B 34722 (LD); c. 2 km SW of the town of Andros, small
N-facing rivulet valley, 37Æ50’N 24Æ55’E, 14 June 1968, B 34889 (LD).
Pseudorlaya pumila (L.) Grande
In maritime sand. Rare.
At the river S of the town of Andros, 0-10 m, 23 May 1968, SS & B 32987
(LD).
Scaligeria napiformis (Sprengel) Grande
Various types of localities. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31902 (LD), SS & BS 9243 (LD).
Scandix australis L. subsp. australis
Various open vegetation. Common.
Voucher: SS & BS 7936 (LD).
S. pecten-veneris L.
Mostly as a weed. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 38807 (LD), SS & BS 6612 (LD).
Smyrnium apiifolium Willd.
Probably rare.
Paleokastron, cliffs around the top c. 2.5 km N of the harbour of Korthion,
500-550 m, 37Æ48’N 24Æ57’E, 25 May 1968, SS & B 33281 (LD).
S. olusatrum L.
Mostly in cultivated areas. Common.
Vouchers: St 7763, 10822 (ATH), SS & G 41880 (LD), SS & BS 11523
(LD).
S. perfoliatum L. subsp. rotundifolium (Miller) Hartvig
Mostly in cultivated areas. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31602 (LD), SS & BS 9078 (LD), St 7675 (ATH).
Thapsia garganica L.
Coastal localities. Map 63.
Voucher: SS & B 31252 (LD).
Tordylium apulum L.
Various types of localities. Common.
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Vouchers: SS & B 31439 (LD), St 7699 (ATH).
Torilis arvenis (Hudson) Link subsp. purpurea (Ten.) Hayek
Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31625 (LD), SS & G 41967 (LD), SS & BS 9088 (LD).
T. nodosa (L.) Gaertner
Various types of localities. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31160 (LD), B 34770 (LD).
Urticaceae
Parietaria cretica L.
Mostly in walls and among rocks. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31523 (LD), SS & BS 3501 (LD).
P. judaica L.
Various types of localities. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31496 (LD), SS & BS 11627 (LD), St 10795 (ATH).
P. lusitanica L.
A rare weedy species, only found in two localities.
The island of Megalonisos, S of Gavrion, 0-55 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ45’E, 5 April
1971, SS & G 42018 (LD); Vitali Beach, coastal phrygana on lower slope,
37Æ56’N 24Æ49’E, 21 July 2000, Mucina & Sieben 6847/49 (LD).
Urtica membranacea L.
Weed and ruderal. Many localities.
Voucher: SS & BS 6591 (LD).
U. pilulifera L.
A common weed and ruderal.
Vouchers: St 7702 (ATH), SS & BS 16809 (UPS).
U. urens L.
Common weed.
Vouchers: SS & B 31987, 38678 (LD).
Valerianaceae
Centranthus ruber (L.) DC. in Lam. & DC.
Certainly only introduced from gardens.
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Apikia, in walls in the village, 250 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ54’E, 27 Aug. 1994, SS &
BS obs.
Valeriana italica Lam.
Probably calcicole, only collected once.
Oros Rakhi, cliffs of limestone W-SW of the top, 600-700 m, 37Æ44’N
24Æ56’E, 17 May 1968, SS & B 32094 (LD).
Valerianella
Mostly on open soil. Too few collections in a fruiting, certainly deter-
minable, state are available; therefore, the frequency of the species cannot be
stated.
V. carinata Loisel.
3 km SW of the town of Andros, 300-500 m, 37Æ49’N 24Æ55’E, 4 March
1969, SS & B 38470 (LD); 1.5 km E-ENE of Palaiopolis, 600-700 m, 37Æ50’N
24Æ51’E, 8 March 1969, SS & B 38763, LD; Arnas, 37Æ51’N 24Æ50’E, 20 July
2000, Mucina & Sieben 6841/20 (Mucina, private herb.).
V. discoidea (L.) Loisel.
Vouchers: SS & G 41654 (LD), SS & BS 3553 (LD).
V. echinata (L.) DC.
Vouchers: SS & B 32627 (LD), SS & BS 3601 (LD).
V. microcarpa Loisel.
C. 2.5 km WNW-W of Apoikia, macchie, 550-720 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ53’E, 15
May 1968, SS & B 31783 (LD); N of Batsi, N of the monastery of Zoodochou
Pighis, 250 m, 37Æ52’N 24Æ48’E, 8 May 1991, SS & BS 7991 (LD); Ag. Simeon,
in the village area, 400-450 m, 37Æ56’N 24Æ48’E, 9 May 1991, SS & BS 8025
(LD); Remata, narrow gully, 130 m, 37Æ52’N 24Æ49’E, 20 April 2000, Mucina
& Sieben 6838/19 (Mucina, private herb.); Vourkoti, road to Akhlas Bay, phry-
gana on ridge, 37Æ52’N 24Æ53’E, Mucina & Sieben 6862/19 (Mucina, private
herb.).
V. pumila (L.) DC.
By the village of Apikia, near the chapel of Ajios Haralambos, 250-300 m,
37Æ51’N 24Æ55’E, 6 April 1970, St 7805 (ATH).
V. turgida (Stev.) Betcke
Exo Vounion WNW of Kochilas, stabilized road slope, 400 m, 37Æ47’N
24Æ56’E, 27 April 1995, SS & BS 12016 (LD).
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Verbenaceae
Verbena officinalis L.
Permanently wet localities. Map 64.
Vouchers: SS & B 32043 (LD), SS & BS 9264, 11502 (LD).
Vitex agnus-castus L.
Rivulet valleys, mostly near sea level. Several localities.
Vouchers: St 4200 (ATH), SS & BS 11534 (LD).
Violaceae
Viola alba Besser subsp. dehnhardtii (Ten.) W. Becker
Sheltered and moist places. Map 65.
Vouchers: SS & B 31715 (LD), SS & BS 9081 (LD), St 10820 (ATH).
V. kitaibeliana Schultes in Roemer & Schultes
Only found in one place.
1.5 km ESE-E of Palaiopolis, 450-550 m, 37Æ49’N 24Æ51’E, 8 March 1969,
SS & B 38756 (LD).
V. sieheana W. Becker
Only found in the N part of mt. Kouvara.
Vouchers: SS 21095 (LD), SS & B 31746 (LD), St 18309 (ATH).
Zygophyllaceae
Tribulus terrestris L.
As a weed and ruderal and on seashores. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31560, 32855, 33091 (LD).
Monocotyledonae
Alismataceae
Alisma lanceolatum With.
Wet places, mostly in water. Rare.
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NNW of Gavrion, 0-5 m, 37Æ54’N 24Æ50’E, 22 May 1968, SS & B 32904
(LD); in the valley 1 km SW of the town of Andros, 0-50 m, 37Æ50’N 24Æ56’E,
4 March 1969, SS & B 38447 (LD); the river S of Chora, 37Æ50’N 24Æ56’E, 4
June 1992, SS & BS 9197 (LD).
Amaryllidaceae
Amaryllis belladonna L.
Introduced as an ornamental, naturalized in some village areas.
In slope near the village of Vrachnou, 250 m, 37Æ49’N 24Æ56’E, 25 Aug.
1994, SS & BS 11583 (LD). Also observed growing in slopes in the village of
Apikia.
Galanthus ikariae Baker subsp. snogerupii Kamari
Sheltered and wet places, mostly near watercourses. Several localities.
Map. 66.
Doubtfully distinct from typical G. ikariae (Davis 1999).
Vouchers: St 7803,10837, 10838 (ATH).
Narcissus serotinus L.
Late flowering, probably common in various open habitats.
1.5 km ESE-E of Palaiopolis, 450-600 m, 37Æ49’N 24Æ50’E, 18 May 1968,
SS & B 32337D (LD, cult.); Gavronisia, the island of Megaloniso, 37Æ51’N
24Æ51’E, 12 March 1969, SS & B 38984C (LD, cult.).
N. tazetta L.
This species occurs in different seasonally wet places on Andros but may be
introduced. It is not known if all material belongs to the following subspecies.
Vouchers: SS & B 32048, 32589 (LD), St 7738, 10809 (ATH).
subsp. italicus (Ker-Gawler) Baker
In the valley 1 km SW of Andros, 0-50 m, 37Æ50’N 24Æ56’E,4 March 1969,
SS & B 38449 (LD); 0-1 km NNE of Gavrion, 2-20 m, 37Æ53’N 24Æ44’E, 1 April
1971, SS & G 41787 (LD).
Pancratium maritimum L.
Locally common on sandy beaches.
Vouchers: St 4203 (ATH) SS & BS 11536 (LD).
Sternbergia lutea (L.) Sprengel
Mostly in cliffs and rocks. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31730D, 33285C (LD, cult.), SS & G 41664 (LD).
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Araceae
Arisarum vulgare Targ.-Tozz.
Various types of localities. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31690, 38417 (LD).
Arum nickelli Schott
Various wet or sheltered places. Probably common but few determinable
collections available.
Vouchers: SS & B 32214 (LD), St 18302 (ATH).
Dracunculus vulgaris Schott
Mostly in rivulet courses. Several localities.
Dipotamos gorge to just below village of Syneti, wet and dry rocks, macchie
and phrygana, 70-360 m, 37Æ48’N 24Æ56’E, 4 April 1991, Kalheber obs.
Zantedeschia aetiopica (L.) Sprengel
Introduced by cultivation as an ornamental. Rare.
The river S of Chora, 37Æ50’N 24Æ56’E, 4 June 1992, SS & BS 9193 (LD);
the N bay of Paralia Vitalio, 37Æ56’N 24Æ49’E, 28 April 1995, SS & BS obs.
Cyperaceae
Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla in W. D. J. Koch
Wet places, often in water, coastal. Map 67.
Vouchers: SS & B 32958 (LD), SS & BS 7919 (LD).
Carex distachya Desf.
Sheltered and moist localities. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31635 (LD), SS & G 41816 (LD).
C. distans L.
Wet places. Many localities. Map 68.
Vouchers: SS & B 31498 (LD), B 34502 (LD), St 18306 (ATH).
C. divisa Hudson
Wet localities, mostly near sea level. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & BS 11955 (LD), Mucina & Sieben 7123/3a (Mucina, private
herb.).
C. flacca Schreber subsp. serrulata (Biv.) Greuter
Periodically wet places. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31712 (LD), SS & BS 6578 (LD, UPA).
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C. hispida Willd.
Permanently wet places. Rare.
C. 1 km S-SE of Ano Gavrion, 100-250 m, 37Æ54’N 24Æ45’E, 1 April 1971,
SS & G 41835 (LD); in the valley 1-2 km ENE of Vitali, 10-50 m, 37Æ56’N
24Æ49’E, 4 April 1971, SS & G 41959 (LD); Ateni, 1.5-2 km SW of the beach,
marshes and wet fields, 37Æ54’N 24Æ50’E, 14 April 1990, SS & BS 6658 (LD);
E of Ag. Marina SSE of Batsi, rivulet valley, 50 m, 37Æ50’N 24Æ47’E, 26 April
1995, SS & BS 12010 (LD).
C. muricata L.
Mt Kouvara, 2 km NE of the top called Prof. Elias, 750 m, 37Æ51’N
24Æ52’E, 3 June 1992, SS & BS 9139 (LD); in the valley 2.5 km NNE of Kalli-
vari, 80-100 m, 37Æ58’N 24Æ55’E, 22 April 1995, SS & BS 11968 (LD); Chartes,
the rivulet valley W of the village, 50 m, 37Æ57’N 24Æ43’E, 24 April 1995, SS &
BS 11992 (LD).
C. otrubae Podp.
Permanently wet places. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & BS 6662 (B, LD), SS & BS 7914 (LD).
C. pendula Hudson
Along watercourses. Rare.
2.5 km ENE of Vitali, 0-10 m, 37Æ56’N 24Æ49’E, 4 April 1971, SS & G
41969 (LD); near the rivulet S of Remata, c. 5 km ENE of Batsi, 150 m,
37Æ51’N 24Æ50’E, 1 June 1992, SS & BS 9102 (LD); SE of the church of
Vitalio, near the rivulet, 150 m, 37Æ55’N 24Æ48’E, 26 Aug. 1994, SS & BS obs.
Cyperus badius Desf.
In recent floras, often included in C. longus L., which we cannot accept;
publication to that effect in prep.
In more or less permanently wet places. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31508 (LD), SS & BS 11646 (LD).
C. capitatus Vandelli
Locally common on maritime sand.
Korthion, sandy seashore and sandy fields, 0-10 m, 37Æ46’N 24Æ57’E, 25
May 1968, SS & B 33311 (LD).
C. fuscus L.
Wet places. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 33020 (LD), SS & BS 11531, 11552, 11632 (LD).
C. laevigatus L. subsp. distachyos (All.) Maire & Weiller in Maire
Wet localities. Rare.
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C. 3 km S of the top of Mt. Rakhi, rivulet course, 100-200 m, 37Æ42’N
24Æ56’E, 13 May 1968, SS & B 31499 (LD); c. 1.5 km SSE of the top of Mt. Ag.
Saranda, 200-300 m, 37Æ56’N 24Æ47’E, 20 May 1968, SS & B 32491 (LD);
Gavrion, seashore and meadows W of the town, 37Æ53’N 24Æ44’E, 10 June
1968, B 34560 (LD).
C. rotundus L.
Periodically wet places, often as a weed in gardens and irrigated fields. Sev-
eral localities.
Vouchers: B 34579 (LD); SS & BS 11500, 11656 (LD).
Isolepis cernua (Vahl) Roemer & Schultes
Wet places. Map 69.
Vouchers: SS & B 31921 (LD), SS & BS 9144 (LD).
Pycreus flavescens (L.) Reichenb.
Wet places. Rare.
SE of the church of Vitalio, near the rivulet, 150 m, 37Æ55’N 24Æ48’E, 26
Aug. 1994, SS & BS 11591 (LD); the rivulet valley SW of Vourkoti, 600-650 m,
37Æ44’N 24Æ55’E, 30 Aug. 1994, SS & BS 11687 (LD).
Schoenoplectus lacustris (L.) Palla subsp. tabernaemontani (C. C.
Gmelin) Á. & D. Löve
Only found in one place.
The outer part of the valley S of Akra Gria, 0-10 m, 37Æ54’N 24Æ57’E, 24
May 1968, SS & B 33128 (LD).
Schoenus nigricans L.
Permanently or seasonally wet places. Several localities. Map 70.
Vouchers: SS & B 31447 (LD), SS & BS 6648 (LD).
Scirpoides holoschoenus (L.) Soják
Various types of moist localities. Common.
Voucher: SS & BS 12022 (LD).
Dioscoraceae
Tamus communis L.
Mostly in sheltered localities, among shrubs etc. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 32731 (LD), St 18300 (ATH).
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Gramineae
Aegilops biuncialis Vis.
Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31393 (LD), SS & BS 7923 (LD).
A. dichasians (Zhuk.) Humphries
Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31457 32633 (LD).
A. markgrafii (Greuter) Hammer (Syn. A. caudata L.)
3 km S of Aipatia, 500 m, 37Æ43’N 24Æ55’E, 2 June 1992, SS & BS 9128
(LD); 0.5 km S of Pitrofos, 350 m, 37Æ48’N 24Æ52’E, 6 June 1992, SS & BS
9249 (LD).
A. triuncialis L.
Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31634 (LD), SS & BS 7951 (LD).
Agrostis stolonifera L.
Permanently moist places. Probably rare.
Gavrion, seashore and meadows W of the town, 37Æ53’N 24Æ44’E, 10 June
1968, B 34583 (C, LD); 2 km S of Ateni, margins of the rivulet, 50-100 m,
37Æ53’N 24Æ49’E, 24 Aug. 1994, SS & BS 11552 (LD).
Aira elegantissima Schur
Mostly on open areas in dry habitats. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31851 (LD), SS & BS 7971 (LD).
Alopecurus myosuroides Hudson
A rare field weed. Only found in two small areas.
In the valley 1 km SW of Andros, 0-50 m, 37Æ50’N 24Æ56’E, 4 March 1969,
SS & B 38448 (LD); S of Chora, in a field, 37Æ50’N 24Æ56’E, 12 April 1990, SS
& BS 6593 (LD); the N bay of Ormos Fellou, 0-5 m, 37Æ53’N 24Æ42’E, 20 April
1995, SS & BS 11957 (LD).
Ammophila arenaria (L.) Link subsp. arundinacea H. Lindb.
In sand dunes. Only found near Gavrion.
1 km ESE of Gavrion, sandy seashore, 0-55 m, 37Æ53’N 24Æ51’E, 22 May
1968, SS & B 32956 (LD); the island of Megalonisos, S of Gavrion, 37Æ51’N
24Æ45’E, 5 April 1971, SS & G obs.
Anthoxanthum odoratum L.
Mostly among shrubs and in sheltered places. Common.
Vouchers: St 18340 (ATH), SS & B 32363 (LD).
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Arundo donax L.
In rivulet valleys and among lowland fields. Often cultivated, probably
indigenous.
NE of Ateni, near the beach, 0-10 m, 37Æ54’N 24Æ50’E, 3 May 1991, SS &
BS obs.
Avellina michelii (Savi) Parl.
Open, dry areas, usually near the sea. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31119 (LD), SS & G 41952 (LD), SS & BS 7960, 7992
(LD).
Avena barbata Link subsp. barbata
Various open habitats. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31332 (LD), SS & BS 7893 (LD).
A. sterilis L. subsp. sterilis
Usually as weed and ruderal. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31329 (LD), SS & BS 9218 (LD).
Brachypodium rupestre (Host) Roemer & Schultes
Wet places. Rare.
NW of Apoikia, 300-400 m, 15 May 1968, SS & B 31268 (LD); in the valley
1.5 km S-SSE of the top of Mt. Ag. Saranda, 150-200 m, 20 May 1968, SS & B
32518 (LD); Kallivari, in the valley W and NW of the village, c. 200 m, 12 June
1968, B 34690 (LD); Varidion, near the road NW of Tris Pedes, fields, 150-200
m, 37Æ57’N 24Æ45’E, 1 Sept. 1994, SS & BS 11716 (LD).
B. retusum (Pers.) Beauv.
Phrygana, garigue etc., often in shrubs. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31891 (LD), B 34664 (LD).
B. sylvaticum (Hudson) Beauv. subsp. sylvaticum
Wet places. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31633 (LD), SS & BS 9293 (LD).
Briza maxima L.
Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31599 (LD), St 18248 (ATH).
B. minor L.
Wet places. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31952 (LD), B 34504 (LD).
Bromus diandrus Roth
Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & G 41970 (LD), SS & BS 3469 (LD).
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B. fasciculatus C. Presl
In dry, often maritime localities and as a ruderal. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 32060 (LD), SS & BS 8001 (LD).
B. hordeaceus L. subsp. molliformis (Lloyd) Maire & Weiller
Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 32362 (LD), SS & BS 9229 (LD).
B. intermedius Guss.
Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31453 (LD), SS & BS 6629 (LD, UPA), St 18244 (ATH).
B. madritensis L.
Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31974 (LD), B 34676 (LD), SS & BS 9121 (LD).
B. scoparius L.
Only collected in one place.
Vitalio, NE of the church, 150-200 m, 37Æ56’N 24Æ48’E, 5 May 1991, SS &
BS 7935 (LD).
B. secalinus L.
Only found in one locality.
Gavrion, meadow N of the town, 37Æ54’N 24Æ44’E, 9 June 1968, B 34523
(LD).
B. sterilis L.
Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 38626 (LD), SS & G 42157 (LD), SS & BS 3591 (LD).
B. tectorum L.
Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31433 (LD), SS & G 41718 (LD).
Catapodium marinum (L.) C. E. Hubb.
In maritime localities. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31346 (LD), SS & BS 7863 (LD), St 18265 (ATH).
C. rigidum (L.) Dony
Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31287 (LD), B 34716 (LD).
Corynephorus divaricatus (Pourret) Breistr.
Maritime localities, often on sand.
N of Batsi, maritime sand, 0-5 m, 37Æ52’N 24Æ47’E, 22 May 1968, SS & B
32863 (LD); at the river S of the town of Andros, 0-10 m, 37Æ50’N 24Æ56’E, 23
May 1968, SS & B 32988 (LD); the outer part of the valley S of Akra Gria, 0-
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10 m, 37Æ54’N 24Æ57’E, 24 May 1968, SS & B 33053 (LD, LD, cult.); Gavrion,
seashore and meadows W of the town, 37Æ53’N 24Æ44’E, 10 June 1968, B
34563 (LD).
Cutandia maritima (L.) Barbey
Only collected once.
N of Batsi, maritime sand, 0-5 m, 37Æ52’N 24Æ47’E, 22 May 1968, SS & B
32864 (LD, LD, cult.).
Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.
Maritime and various man-made localities. Also used as a lawn grass. Com-
mon.
Vouchers: SS & B 32670 (LD), SS & BS 9275,11621 (LD).
Cynosurus echinatus L.
Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 32175 (LD), SS & B 32798 (LD).
C. effusus Link
Probably rare.
SE of Fallika, 300 m, 37Æ48’N 24Æ54’E, 31 Aug. 1994 seed coll., SS & BS
11697 (LD, cult.).
Dactylis glomerata L. subsp. hispanica (Roth) Nyman
Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31714, 31361 (LD).
Dasypyrum villosum (L.) Candargy
Field weed, at least formerly common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31575 (LD), SS & BS 6579 (LD).
Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.
Maritime localities, but also as a weed and ruderal, probably indigenous.
Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 33056 (LD), SS & BS 11496, 11517 (LD).
D. aff. sanguinalis (L.) Scop.
Fields 1-1.5 km SW of the beach of Ateni, 10-50 m, 37Æ54’N 24Æ49’E, 24
Aug. 1994, SS & BS 11545 (LD). Probably an undescribed taxon. Det. H.
Scholz.
Echinaria capitata (L.) Desf.
Rare.
C. 3 km N of Gavrion, phrygana and limestone rocks, 100-250 m, 37Æ55’N
24Æ44’E, 11 June 1968, B 34665 (LD); Batsi, 50-100 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ47’E, 7
May 1991, SS & BS 7988 (LD).
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Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.
Introduced as weed and ruderal.
The S part of the harbour village of Ormos Korthion, 37Æ46’N 24Æ57’E, 7
June 1992, SS & BS 9266 (LD); Batsi, inside the beach N of the harbour, in
and around irrigated gardens, 37Æ51’N 24Æ47’E, 22 Aug. 1994, SS & BS 11499
(LD).
Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertner
A recent introduction.
Batsi, inside the beach N of the harbour, in and around irrigated gardens,
37Æ51’N 24Æ47’E, 22 Aug. 1994, SS & BS 11498 (LD); Ormos Korthion, fields
and roadsides in the S part, 37Æ46’N 24Æ57’E, 29 Aug. 1994, SS & BS 11657
(LD).
Elymus elongatus (Host) Runem.
Seashores. The assignation of the Andros populations to different sub-
species remains to be tested by chromosome counts.
subsp. elongatus
The Venetian castle ruin NE of the town, 37Æ50’N 24Æ56’E, 30 April 1991,
SS & BS 7870 (LD), 17 April 1995, SS & BS 11926 (LD), 11927 (B, LD).
subsp. ponticus (Podp.) Meld.
Gavrion, meadow N of the town, 37Æ54’N 24Æ44’E, 9 June 1968, B 34510,
34511 (LD).
E. farctus (Viv.) Meld.
Mostly in maritime sand. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 32941 (LD), B 34678 (LD).
E. rechingeri (Runem.) Runem.
Coastal localities, mostly on rocks. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31450 (LD), SS & B 33198 (LD).
E. repens (L.) Gould
Only collected in places near Gavrion.
1 km NNW of Gavrion, ditches and wet fields, 0-5 m, 37Æ54’N 24Æ50’E, 22
May 1968, SS & B 32901, 32902 (LD); Gavrion, meadow N of the town,
37Æ54’N 24Æ44’E, 9 June 1968, B 34512 (ATH, B, LD).
Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) Janchen
A rare weed and ruderal.
The SW part of Batsi near the sea. On open soil outside an irrigated gar-
den, 37Æ51’N 24Æ47’E, 22 Aug. 1994, SS & BS 11494 (LD); SW of Pitrofos, irri-
gated fields, 37Æ48’N 24Æ51’E, 23 Aug. 1994, SS & BS 11522 (LD); 2 km E of
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Moni Panachrantou, irrigated fields below the road, 350-400 m, 37Æ48’N
24Æ56’E 25 Aug. 1994, SS & BS 11568 (B, LD); in the village of Fallika, 300 m,
37Æ48’N 24Æ54’E, 31 Aug. 1994, SS & BS 11695 (LD).
E. pilosa (L.) P. Beauv.
Only collected once.
2 km E of Moni Panachrantou, irrigated fields below the road, 350-400 m,
37Æ48’N 24Æ56’E, 25 Aug. 1994, SS & BS 11569 (B, LD).
Festuca arundinacea Schreber subsp. fenas (Lag.) Arcang.
Permanently or seasonally wet places. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31688, 32217 (LD), SS & BS 9067 (LD).
Gastridium phleoides (Nees & Meyen) C. E. Hubb.
Open, dry vegetation. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 32070 (LD), SS & BS 9227 (LD).
Gaudinia fragilis (L.) Beauv.
Only found once.
Gavrion, meadow N of the town, 37Æ54’N 24Æ44’E, 9 June 1968, B 34507
(LD).
Hemarthria altissima (Poiret) Stapf & C. E. Hubb.
Recently introduced weed and ruderal.
The S-slope 1-2.5 km W of Andros (Kastron), 37Æ50’N 24Æ55’E, 6 April
1971, SS & G 42051 (LD); Varidion, near the road NW of Tris Pedes, at a new
artificial pond, 150-200 m, 37Æ57’N 24Æ45’E, 1 Sept. 1994, SS & BS 11714 (B,
LD).
Holcus annuus C. A. Meyer
Only collected in two places.
C. 1 km ESE of Palaiopolis, 350-400 m, 37Æ49’N 24Æ50’E, 18 May 1968, SS
& B 32265 (LD); the village of Ateni, 50 m, 37Æ54’N 24Æ49’E, 5 June 1992, SS
& BS 9228 (LD).
Hordeum bulbosum L.
Roadsides and as a weed and ruderal. Common.
Voucher: SS & B 32835 (LD).
H. marinum Hudson
Mostly on maritime sand. Several localities.
Voucher: SS & B 32903 (LD).
H.murinum L. subsp. leporinum (Link) Arcang.
Mostly in cultivated areas. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31217, 31345 (LD).
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Hyparrhenia hirta (L.) Stapf in Oliver
Dry slopes. Scattered but locally common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31506, 31449 (LD).
Imperata cylindrica (L.) Räuschel
Introduced, aggressive invader of grazed coastal localities.
1 km ESE of Gavrion, sandy seashore, 0-5 m, 37Æ53’N 24Æ51’E, 22 May
1968, SS & B 32957 (LD); at the river S of the town of Andros, 0-10 m,
37Æ50’N 24Æ56’E, 23 May 1968, SS & B 33001 (LD); Korthion, sandy seashore
and sandy fields, 0-10 m, 37Æ46’N 24Æ57’E, 25 May 1968, SS & B 33303 (LD).
Lagurus ovatus L.
Various types of localities. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31281 (LD), St 18243 (ATH).
Lamarckia aurea (L.) Moench
Rare.
Kallivari, in the valley W and NW of the village, 200 m, 37Æ58’N 24Æ45’E,
12 June 1968, B 34745 (LD); cliffs c. 1 km NE of Ano Gavrion, 500-600 m,
37Æ55’N 24Æ46’E, 1 April 1971, SS & G obs.
Lolium perenne L.
Wet and cultivated areas. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31493 (LD), B 34753 (LD).
L. rigidum Gaudin
Various open, periodically moist localities. Common.
subsp. lepturoides (Boiss.) Sennen & Mauricio
The most common subspecies, especially near seashores.
Vouchers: SS & B 31414, 31149,31286, 32986 (LD), SS & BS 11924 (LD).
subsp. rigidum
Mostly inland, often as a weed.
Vouchers: SS & B 32138 (LD), B 34752 (LD).
L. temulentum L.
Mainly a field weed. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31535, 38618 (LD).
Melica ciliata L.
Various open localities, often among rocks. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 32928 (LD), B 34617 (LD).
M. minuta L.
Various open localities, often in rocks and cliffs. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31207 (LD), St 18252 (ATH).
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Parapholis filiformis (Roth) C. E. Hubb.
Wet places and seashores. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31460 (LD), B 34506 (LD).
P. incurva (L.) C. E. Hubb.
Various maritime localities. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 32673 (LD), SS & BS 3568 (LD).
P. marginata Runem.
Rare in maritime localities.
The two-parted islet of Theotokos Vrakhos, 2 km S of Akra Gria, the outer
islet, 20 m, 37Æ53’N 24Æ58’E, 24 May 1968, SS & B 33190 (LD); Gavrion,
seashore and meadows W of the town, 37Æ53’N 24Æ44’E, 10 June 1968, B
34565 (LD); Vitali Beach, steep coastal slope, 37Æ56’N 24Æ49’E, 21 July 2000,
Mucina & Sieben 6849/02 (Mucina, private herb.).
Paspalum paspalodes (Michx.) Scribner
Introduced weed and ruderal.
The rivulet bed S of Chora Andros, 37Æ50’N 24Æ56’E, 23 Aug. 1994, SS &
BS 11508 (LD); S of Remata, the rivulet valley, fields S of the rivulet, 150 m,
37Æ51’N 24Æ50’E, 28 Aug. 1994, SS & BS 11631 (LD).
Phalaris aquatica L.
Wet places and as a weed. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & BS 8033, 9101 (LD).
P. canariensis L.
Only collected once.
Opiso Meria, roadside below irrigated gardens and fields, 100-150 m,
37Æ44’N 24Æ55’E, 29 Aug. 1994, SS & BS 11669 (LD).
P. minor Retz.
Weed and ruderal. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 32073 (LD), SS & BS 6638 (LD, UPA).
P. paradoxa L.
Weed and ruderal, only found near the sea.
1 km NNW of Gavrion, ditches and wet fields, 0-5 m, 37Æ54’N 24Æ50’E, 22
May 1968, SS & B 32907 (LD), Gavrion, meadow N of the town, 37Æ54’N
24Æ44’E, 9 June 1968, B 34524 (LD); at the river S of the town of Andros, 0-
10 m, 37Æ50’N 24Æ56’E, 23 May 1968, SS & B 32966 (LD); the outer part of the
valley S of Akra Gria, 0-10 m, 37Æ54’N 24Æ57’E, 24 May 1968, SS & B 33051
(LD).
Phleum exaratum Griseb.
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Various open localities.
subsp. aegaeum (Vierh.) M. Dogan
Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31980 (LD), SS & BS 7975 (LD).
subsp. exaratum
Only collected twice.
0.5-1 km NW-N of Apoikia, near the road to Vourkoti, 470-625 m, 37Æ51’N
24Æ54’E, 16 May 1968, SS & B 31852 p.p. (LD); Mt. Kouvara, the top area,
950-980 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ52’E, 18 May 1968, SS & B 32358 (LD).
P. subulatum (Savi) Asch. & Graebner
Only collected once.
In the valley S-SW of the town of Andros, 0-50 m, 37Æ50’N 24Æ56’E, 14
June 1968, B 34802 (LD).
Phragmites australis (Cav.) Steudel
Wet lowland localities. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 33026, 33048 (LD).
Piptatherum coerulescens (Desf.) P. Beauv.
Various open localities. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 32632 (LD), St 18285 (ATH).
P. miliaceum (L.) Cosson
subsp. miliaceum
Only found once.
The village of Vrachnou, 250 m, 37Æ49’N 24Æ56’E, 25 Aug. 1994, SS & BS
11582 (LD).
subsp. thomasii (Duby) Freitag
Various open, dry localities. Common.
Vouchers: SS & G 41911 (LD), SS & BS 3493 (LD).
Poa annua L.
Probably rare.
At the rivulet c. 0.5 km SW of Opiso Meria, 300-400 m, 37Æ45’N 24Æ55’E,
17 May 1968, SS & B 32011 (LD).
P. bulbosa L.
Various dry localities. Common.
Voucher: SS & B 31981 (LD).
P. infirma Kunth
Mostly in wet places. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 32466, SS & BS 12011 (LD).
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P. palustris L.
Only collected once, perhaps overlooked in other places.
C. 3 km S of the top of Mt. Rakhi, wet area among cultivation, 100-200 m,
13 May 1968, SS & B 31500 (LD).
P. trivialis L. subsp. sylvicola (Guss.) H. Lindb.
More or less wet places. Many localities.
Voucher: SS & BS 11956 (LD).
Polypogon maritimus Willd.
Mostly in maritime habitats. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31462 (LD), B 34884 (LD).
P. monspeliensis (L.) Desf.
Wet places and fields. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 32892, 33291 (LD), B 34574 (LD).
P. subspathaceus Req.
Only collected once.
C. 3 km S of the top of Mt. Rakhi, rivulet course, 100-200 m, 37Æ42’N
24Æ56’E, 13 May 1968, SS & B 31538 (LD).
P. viridis (Gouan) Breistr.
Mostly in permanently wet places. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 33100 (LD), B 34614 (LD).
Psilurus incurvus (Gouan) Schinz & Thell.
Various types of vegetation. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31693 (LD), SS & G 41993 (LD).
Puccinellia festuciformis (Host) Parl. subsp. convoluta (Hornem.) W. E.
Hughes
Only found in one place.
Gavrion, meadow N of the town, 37Æ54’N 24Æ44’E, 9 June 1968, B 34503,
34505 (LD).
Rostraria cristata (L.) Tzvelev
Various types of vegetation. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 32544 (LD), SS & BS 3483 (LD).
Saccharum ravennae (L.) Murray
Rivulet valleys and other wet places. Several localities. Used for making
seats of chairs and possibly planted in some localities.
Vouchers: SS & G 41821 (LD), SS & BS 6615, 11553 (LD).
Setaria adhaerens (Forskål) Chiov.
A recently introduced weed and ruderal.
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The S part of the harbour village of Ormos Korthion, 37Æ46’N 24Æ57’E, 7
June 1992, SS & BS 9255 (LD), 29 Aug. 1994, SS & BS 11658 (LD); the SW
part of Batsi near the sea, on open soil outside an irrigated garden, 37Æ51’N
24Æ47’E, 22 Aug. 1994, SS & BS 11493 (LD); Apikia, in and below irrigated
gardens, 250 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ54’E, 27 Aug. 1994, SS & BS 11618 (LD).
S. pumila (Poiret) Schultes
Introduced weed and ruderal.
Fields near the rivulet S of Chora Andros, 37Æ50’N 24Æ56’E, 23 Aug. 1994,
SS & BS 11503 (LD); SE of the church of Vitalio, near the rivulet, irrigated
field, 150 m, 37Æ55’N 24Æ48’E, 26 Aug. 1994, SS & BS 11590 (LD).
S. verticillata (L.) P. Beauv.
Introduced weed and ruderal.
2 km E of Moni Panachrantou, irrigated fields below the road, 350-400 m,
37Æ48’N 24Æ56’E, 25 Aug. 1994, SS & BS 11560 (LD); Apikia, in and below
irrigated gardens, 250 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ54’E, 27 Aug. 1994, SS & BS 11619
(LD); 1 km N of Messaria, irrigated area above the road, 250 m, 37Æ50’N
24Æ53’E, 27 Aug. 1994, SS & BS 11622 (LD).
S. viridis (L.) P. Beauv.
Field weed and ruderal.
Kallivari, in the valley W and NW of the village, 200 m, 37Æ58’N 24Æ45’E,
12 June 1968, B 34768 (LD); Fields 1-1.5 km SW of the beach of Ateni, 10-50
m, 37Æ54’N 24Æ49’E, 24 Aug. 1994, SS & BS 11537 (LD); 1 km N of Messaria,
irrigated area above the road, 250 m, 37Æ50’N 24Æ53’E, 27 Aug. 1994, SS & BS
11623 (LD).
Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.
Weed and ruderal.
Valley 2-3 km N of Gavrion, 0-300 m, 37Æ54’N 24Æ44’E, 11 June 1968, B
34638 (LD); Batsi, inside the beach N of the harbour, in and around irrigated
gardens, 37Æ51’N 24Æ47’E, 22 Aug. 1994, SS & BS 11497 (LD).
Sporobolus pungens (Schreber) Kunth
Rare, only found in one locality.
Sandy seashore SE of Chora, 37Æ50’N 24Æ56’E, 4 June 1992, SS & BS 9188
(LD), 23 Aug. 1994, SS & BS 11512 (LD).
Stipa bromoides (L.) Dörfler
Mostly in shrubs of phrygana and garigue. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 32373 (LD), B 34689 (LD).
S. capensis Thunb.
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Various dry, open habitats. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 32674 (LD), SS & BS 3538 (LD).
S. holosericea Trin.
Open spots in phrygana and garigue. Rare.
1-1.5 km SSW-S of Opiso Meria, 450-550 m, 37Æ44’N 24Æ55’E, 17 May
1968, SS & B 32081 (LD); the small peninsula c. 1 km SW of Gavrion, 35 m,
37Æ53’N 24Æ44’E, 8 April 1971, SS & G 42139 (LD); SSE of Batsi, between the
main road and Akr. Thiakion, 37Æ49’N 24Æ48’E, 6 May 1991, SS & BS 7967
(LD).
Trachynia distachya (L.) Link
Various types of vegetation. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 32675 (LD), SS & BS 3536 (LD).
Vulpia ciliata Dumort.
Various open habitats. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31859 (LD), SS & BS 7972 (LD).
V. fasciculata (Forskål) Fritsch
Dry, open places, near the sea. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31558 (LD), SS & BS 7924 (LD, UPA).
V. muralis (Kunth) Nees
Various types of localities. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 32308 (LD), SS & BS 7998 (LD).
V. myuros (L.) C. C. Gmelin
Only collected twice, but probably in more localities.
The outer part of the valley S of Akra Gria, 0-10 m, 37Æ54’N 24Æ57’E, 24
May 1968, SS & B 33050B (LD); Arnas, deep loamy soil over schists, old ter-
race, 260 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ50’E, 20 April 2000, Mucina & Sieben 7110/3 (Muci-
na, private herb.).
Iridaceae
Crocus cartwrightianus Herbert
Flowering in late autumn.
Apsilos promontory, 3 km NW of Palaiopolis, 37Æ49’N 24Æ50’E, s.d.,
Young 39 (K), det. B. Mathew.
C. laevigatus Bory & Chaub.
Flowering in winter and early spring. Common.
SNOGERUP, STAMATIADOU, BOTHMER&GUSTAFSSON: FLORA OF ANDROS 217
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Vouchers: SS & B 38476, 38651 (LD).
C. sieberi Gay subsp. atticus (Boiss. & Orph.) B. Mathew
Flowering in early spring. Only found in a small area on Mt. Kouvara above
600 m.
Mt. Kouvara, 0.5-1 km SE of the top, 900 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ52’E, 8 March
1969, SS & B 38767 (LD); Mt. Kouvara, 800-900 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ52’E, 5 April
1970, St 7792 (ATH); the village of Vourkoti, 600-650 m, 37Æ52’N 24Æ54’E, 19
Febr. 1971, St 10830 (ATH).
Gladiolus illyricus W. D. J. Koch
In natural more or less dry localities and as a weed. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31718 (LD), St 6584 (ATH).
Gynandriris sisyrinchium (L.) Parl.
Various types of localities. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 32364 (LD), SS & G 41955 (LD).
Hermodactylus tuberosus (L.) Miller
Only observed in a few places but early flowering and easily overlooked.
Vouchers: SS & B 38455 (LD), SS & G 41827 (LD).
Iris germanica L.
Mostly in village areas and former cultivations. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 32769 (LD), St 7677 (ATH).
Romulea bulbocodium (L.) Sebast. & Mauri
Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 32560 (LD), SS & BS 9069 (LD), St 7783 (ATH).
R. linaresii Parl. subsp. graeca Béguinot
Probably many localities.
1.5 km ESE-E of Palaiopolis, 450-550 m, 37Æ49’N 24Æ51’E, 8 March 1969,
SS & B 38745 (LD); in the valley 1-2 km NE of Arni, 300-500 m, 37Æ52’N
24Æ51’E, 10 March 1969, SS & B 38843 (LD); the islet with the castle ruin NE
of Chora Andros, land either – or a gap connected by a stone bridge, 37Æ50’N
24Æ56’E, 17 April 1995, SS & BS 11918 (LD).
R. ramiflora Ten.
Probably rare.
C. 1.5 km ESE-E of Palaiopolis, 450-600 m, 37Æ49’N 24Æ50’E, 18 May 1968,
SS & B 32314 (LD).
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Juncaceae
Juncus acutus L.
Wet places, sandy areas, mostly coastal. Rare.
C. 3 km S of the top of Mt. Rakhi, wet area among cultivation, 100-200 m,
37Æ42’N 24Æ56’E, 13 May 1968, SS & B 31509 (LD); Gavrion, meadow N of
the town, 37Æ54’N 24Æ44’E, 9 June 1968, B 34520 (LD); Gavrion, seashore and
meadows W of the town, 37Æ53’N 24Æ44’E, 10 June 1968, B 34577 (LD).
J. articulatus L.
Wet places. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31529, 32972 (LD), SS & BS 9231 (LD).
J. bufonius L.
Permanently or seasonally wet places. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31917 (LD), SS & BS 8022 (LD).
J. capitatus Weigel
Periodically wet places. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31768, 32242 (LD), SS & BS 8021 (LD).
J. effusus L.
Wet places. Rare.
In the valley 1.5-2 km NE of Vourkoti, 250-300 m, 37Æ52’N 24Æ54’E, 16
May 1968, SS & B 31950 (LD); the outer part of the valley S of Akra Gria, 0-
10 m, 37Æ54’N 24Æ57’E, 24 May 1968, SS & B 33067 (LD); Mt. Kouvara, 0.5-1
km SE of the top, c. 900 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ52’E, 8 March 1969, SS & B 38768
(LD).
J. heldreichianus Parl. subsp. heldreichianus
Wet places. Map 71.
Vouchers: SS 21110, SS & BS 6614 (LD), SS & B 32473 (LD).
J. hybridus Brot.
Permanently or periodically wet localities. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31479 (LD), SS & BS 6627 (LD).
J. inflexus L.
Wet places. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31951, 33066 (LD).
J. minutulus V. Krecz. & Gontsch
Open areas in wet habitats. Several localities on Mt. Kouvara.
Vouchers: SS & B 31767, 32268 (LD), SS & BS 9160 (LD).
Luzula forsteri (Sm.) DC.
SNOGERUP, STAMATIADOU, BOTHMER&GUSTAFSSON: FLORA OF ANDROS 219
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Moist and sheltered localities. Map 72.
Vouchers: SS & B 31687 (LD), SS & BS 8028 (LD), St 18301 (ATH).
L. multiflora (Ehrh.) Lej.
Only found once.
On the ridge between Apoikia and Vourkoti, 625-860 m, 37Æ52’N 24Æ54’E,
16 May 1968, SS & B 31881 (LD).
L. nodulosa (Bory & Chaub.) E. H. F. Meyer
Several localities.
Vouchers: B 34893 (LD), SS & G 41885 (LD), SS & BS 12017 (LD).
Lemnaceae
Lemna minor L.
In water. Only found in one locality which has later been destroyed.
At the rivulet c. 0.5 km SW of Opiso Meria, 300-400 m, 37Æ45’N 24Æ55’E,
17 May 1968, SS & B 32029 (LD).
Liliaceae
Allium ampeloprasum L.
Fields, maritime sand. Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 32749 (LD), B 34525 (LD), SS & BS 9269 (LD).
A. bourgeaui Rech. fil. subsp. cycladicum Bothmer
Mostly in rocks and cliffs near the sea. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS 21124 (LD), SS & B 31431 (LD).
A. commutatum Guss.
Rocky islets, cliffs. Several localities. Map 73.
Vouchers: SS & B 31306, 31410 (LD).
A. guttatum Steven subsp. sardoum (Moris) Stearn
Mostly in dry habitats near the sea.
Vouchers: SS & B 32063 (LD), B 34651 (LD), SS & BS 9244 (LD).
A. neapolitanum Cyr.
Periodically moist places. Rare.
Village of Epano Fellos, place named Ajia Paraskevi, 300 m, 37Æ55’N
24Æ44’E, 3 April 1970, St 7679 (ATH); cliffs c. 1 km NE of Ano Gavrion, 500-
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600 m, 37Æ55’N 24Æ46’E, 1 April 1971, SS & G 41855 (LD); Remata, close to
road bridge, riparian forest with Platanus orientalis, 37Æ51’N 24Æ50’E, 20 July
2000, Mucina & Sieben 6839/15 (Mucina, private herb.).
A. cf oleraceum L.
With broad leaves, long erect spathe valves, few or no flowers, few bulbils,
probably an undescribed species.
NW of Apoikia, near the road to Vourkoti, 350-450 m, 16 May 1968, SS &
B 31844D (LD); c. 1.5 km NNE of Vourkoti, N-slope, schist, 400 m, 16 May
1968, SS & B 31970C (LD); valley 2-3 km N of Gavrion, 0-300 m, 11 June 1968,
B 34651C (LD).
A. paniculatum L. subsp. fuscum (Waldst. & Kit.) Arcang.
Only found in one locality.
Valley 2-3 km N of Gavrion, 0-300 m, 37Æ54’N 24Æ44’E, 11 June 1968, B
34651B (LD, LD, cult.).
A. roseum L.
More or less wet places. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31958 (LD), SS & BS 7950 (LD).
A. staticiforme Sm.
Only found on two islets.
The island of Megalo S of Gavrion, 37Æ51’N 24Æ45’E, 12 May 1968, SS & B
31170 (LD); the islet of Stakala Vrakhos, c. 0.5 km S of Akra Gria, 10 m,
37Æ54’N 24Æ57’E, 24 May 1968, SS & B 33177B (LD).
A. trifoliatum Cyr.
Only found once.
By the village of Arni (Arnas), 400-450 m, 37Æ52’N 24Æ51’E, 5 April 1970,
St 7776 (ATH). Det. W. Stearn.
Asparagus acutifolius L.
Sheltered and moist places.
SE of the church of Vitalio, near the rivulet, 150 m, 37Æ55’N 24Æ48’E, 26
Aug. 1994, SS & BS 11589 (LD).
A. aphyllus L.
Mostly in sheltered places. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31505 (LD), SS & BS 3582 (LD).
Asphodelus ramosus L.
Seasonally wet places. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 38552 (LD), SS & G 41667 (LD).
A. fistulosus L.
SNOGERUP, STAMATIADOU, BOTHMER&GUSTAFSSON: FLORA OF ANDROS 221
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Seasonally wet, usually open places. Rare.
In the lower part of the large valley 0.5 km S-SE of Mainites, 100-200 m,
37Æ49’N 24Æ54’E, 6 March 1969, SS & B 38602 (LD); 4 km S of the top of Mt.
Kouvara, near the road, 300 m, 37Æ49’N 24Æ52’E, 7 March 1969, SS & B 38697
(LD).
Colchicum pusillum Sieber (syn. C. andrium Rech. fil. & P. H. Davis)
Top of hill S of Andros, on schist, 30 Oct. 1939, Davis 1015 (K, holotype of
C. andrium, isotypes E, G.). Det. K. Persson.
C. variegatum L.
Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 32326 (LD), SS & B 32574 (LD), B 34728 (LD).
Fritillaria ehrhartii Boiss. & Orph.
Early flowering, best observed in February-March. Common.
Vouchers: SS 21104 (LD), SS & B 32069 (LD), St 7732, 7780, 7804 (ATH).
Gagea chrysantha (Jan) Schultes & Schultes fil.
N-slope of Mt. Kouvara (Petalon Oros), c. 2 km SW of Arnas, 600-700 m,
37Æ51’N 24Æ50’E, 2 April 1971, SS & G 41888 (LD).
G. graeca (L.) A. Teracc.
Mostly in cliffs and rocks. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 32104 (LD), St 7806 (ATH).
G. peduncularis (J. & C. Presl) Pascher
Various open habitats. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 38790, 38911 (LD), St 7724, 7784 (ATH).
Muscari comosum (L.) Miller
Field weed. Probably formerly common but now rare.
Vouchers: SS & B 38628 (LD), St 7676, 7718 (ATH).
M. weissii Freyn
Various types of localities. Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31484 (LD), SS & G 41672 (LD).
Ornithogalum armeniacum Baker
Near the monastery of Zoodochou Pighis, N of Batsi, 300-350 m, 37Æ52’N
24Æ46’E, 8 May 1991, SS & BS 8005 (LD); SW of Ag. Simeon, garigue, 400-500
m, 37Æ56’N 24Æ47’E, 9 May 1991, SS & BS 8019 (LD).
O. atticum Boiss. & Orph.
3 km S of Aipatia, 500 m, 37Æ43’N 24Æ55’E, 2 June 1992, SS & BS 9129
(LD).
O. exscapum Ten.
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0.5 km N of Kapparia, 300 m, 37Æ46’N 24Æ54’E, 7 March 1969, SS & B
38659 (B, LD, UPA); 1.5 km SE of Kallivari, 100 m, 37Æ57’N 24Æ45’E, 11
March 1969, SS & B 38888 (LD); in the valley 1.5-2.5 km NNE of Kallivari,
100-200 m, 37Æ59’N 24Æ46’E, 31 March 1971, SS & G 41752 (LD); the SE-
slope of Mt. Rakhi c. 3 km SSE of Ano Korthion, 250-300 m, 11 April 1985,
37Æ44’N 24Æ58’E, SS & BS 3607 (LD).
O. montanum Cyr.
Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 31722 (LD), St 7707, 7717 (ATH).
O. narbonense L.
Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & BS 9063, 11990 (LD), St 18275 (ATH).
O. nutans L.
Probably rare.
Village of Epano Fellos, place named Ajia Paraskevi, cultivated fields, 200-
250 m, 37Æ55’N, 24Æ44’E, 3 April 1970, St 7678 (ATH); 1.5-2 km NE of Gavri-
on, 20-100 m, 37Æ54’N 24Æ45’E, 1 April 1971, SS & G 41810 (LD); Mt. Kou-
vara, NW slopes, schistose ground with Quercus, Acer, Crataegus and abundant
Pteridium, moist and shady places, 600-850 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ51’E, 23 April 1975,
St 18308 (ATH); near the rivulet between Sineti and the paralia, 37Æ49’N
24Æ57’E, 18 April 1995, SS & BS 11934 (LD); Mt. Gerakonas, rocky hilltop 1.5
km SW of Mesa Vouni, 650-700 m, 37Æ47’N 24Æ54’E, 27 April 1995, SS & BS
obs; Arnas, deep humous soil over schist, steep sheltered slope, Quercus pubes-
cens woodland, 460 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ50’E, 20 April 2000, Mucina & Sieben
7109/7 (Mucina, private herb.).
O. spetae Wittmann
Many localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31191, 31582, 32089, 33154 (LD).
Ruscus aculeatus L.
Mostly under shrubs and trees. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31807, 38701 (LD).
R. hypoglossum L.
Certainly only as a local garden escape.
In the valley S-SW of the town of Andros, 0-50 m, 37Æ50’N 24Æ56’E, 14
June 1968, B 34794 (LD).
Scilla andria Speta
Wet places. Map 74.
SNOGERUP, STAMATIADOU, BOTHMER&GUSTAFSSON: FLORA OF ANDROS 223
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Vouchers: SS & B 38475 (LD), St 7788, 10834 (ATH).
S. autumnalis L. coll.
A difficult complex, probably to be referred to a separate genus Prospero,
in need of further revision.
Late flowering, probably in more localities.
Gavronisia, the islet of Akramatis, 37Æ52’N 24Æ45’E, 8 April 1985, SS & BS
3541B (LD, cult.).
Smilax aspera L.
In macchie, mostly among tall shrubs. Several localities.
Vouchers: B 34635 (LD), St 10804 (ATH).
Urginea maritima (L.) Baker
Various dry habitats, mostly below 500 m. Common.
NE of Ateni, near the beach, 0-10 m, 37Æ54’N 24Æ50’E, 3 May 1991, SS &
BS obs; The islet with the castle ruin NE of Chora Andros, 37Æ50’N 24Æ56’E,
18 April 2000, SS & BS obs.
Orchidaceae
Anacamptis pyramidalis (L.) Rich.
Only found in one place.
C. 1.5 km SSE of the top of Mt. Ag. Saranda, 200-250 m, 37Æ56’N 24Æ47’E,
20 May 1968, SS & B 32480 (LD).
Barlia robertiana (Loisel.) W. Greuter
Many localities.
Voucher: SS & G 42061 (LD).
Dactylorhiza romana (Sebast.) SÔfi_
Wet meadows, mostly found in a small area near Ammolochos.
Agia Saranda Oros, E of the village of Ammolochos, 550-700 m,
37Æ56’N 24Æ46’E, 4 April 1970, St 7734 (ATH); Mt. Ag. Saranda, 1-1.5 km
NW of the top, 300-400 m, 37Æ57’N 24Æ46’E, 11 March 1969, SS & B 38899
(LD); c. 1.5 km SSE of Ano Korthion, in wet field margin, c. 500 m,
37Æ44’N 24Æ56’E, 11 April 1985, SS & BS 3615 (LD); slope of Mt. Skoumbi
SSW of Ammolochos, 450-550 m, 37Æ55’ N 24Æ46’ E, 20 April 1995, SS &
BS 11951 (LD).
Limodorum abortivum (L.) Swartz
Rare. Only seen in one locality.
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Ag. Simeon, in the village area, 350-400 m, 37Æ56’N 24Æ48’E, 9 May 1991,
SS & BS obs.
Listera ovata (L.) R. Br. in Aiton
Only found in one place.
The NE ridge of Mt. Kouvara (Petalon Oros), 1.5 km NNE of the top
called Prof. Elias, 800 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ52’E, 3 June 1992, SS & BS 9145 (LD).
Neotinea maculata (Desf.) Stearn
Probably rare.
3 km S of the top of Mt. Ag. Saranda, macchie and cultivations, 250-300 m,
37Æ54’N 24Æ47’E, 13 March 1969, SS & B 39007 (LD); Mt. Gerakonas, rocky
hilltop 1.5 km SW of Mesa Vouni, 650-700 m, 37Æ47’N 24Æ54’E, 27 April 1995,
SS & BS 12020 (LD); Vourkoti, near road curve at entrance to village, 600 m,
37Æ51’N 24Æ53’E, 23 April 2000, Mucina & Sieben 7131/7 (Mucina, private
herb.).
Ophrys apifera Hudson
C. 1.5 km ESE-E of Palaiopolis, 450-600 m, 37Æ49’N 24Æ50’E, 18 May 1968,
SS & B 32323 (LD); c. 1.5 km SSE of the top of Mt. Ag. Saranda, 200-250 m,
37Æ56’N 24Æ47’E, 20 May 1968, SS & B 32475 p.p. (LD); NE of Ateni, near the
beach, 0-10 m, 37Æ54’N 24Æ50’E, 3 May 1991, SS & BS obs; Vitalio, NE of the
church, 150-200 m, 37Æ56’N 24Æ48’E, 5 May 1991, SS & BS obs.
O. bombyliflora Link
Mainites, 300 m, 37Æ50’N 24Æ54’E, 6 March 1969, SS & B 38553 (LD); NW
of Gavrion, 0-5 m, 37Æ54’N 24Æ44’E, 13 March 1969, SS & B 38988 (LD); 1-2
km WNW of Gavrion, 50-200 m, 37Æ54’N 24Æ44’E, 30 March 1971, SS & G
41670 (LD); Gavronisia, the islet of Makedona (Praso Nisi) S of Akramatis,
37Æ51’N 24Æ45’E, 7 April 1985, SS & BS 3496 (LD).
O. ferrum-equinum Desf.
N of Batsi, 0-10 m, 37Æ52’N 24Æ47’E, 7 March 1969, SS & B 38712 (LD); 1-
2 km WNW of Gavrion, 50-200 m, 37Æ54’N 24Æ44’E, 30 March 1971, SS & G
41668, 41671 (LD); 2.5 km ENE of Vitali, 0-10 m, 37Æ56’N 24Æ49’E, 4 April
1971, SS & G 41975 (LD).
O. fusca Link
C. 1 km NW of Gavrion, 0-50 m, 37Æ54’N 24Æ44’E, 30 March 1971, SS & G
41644 (LD); NE of Ateni, near the beach, 0-10 m, 37Æ54’N 24Æ50’E, 3 May
1991, SS & BS obs; Mt. Gerakonas, rocky hilltop, 1.5 km SW of Mesa Vouni,
650-700 m, 37Æ47’N 24Æ54’E, 27 April 1995, SS & BS obs.
O. heldreichii Schlechter
SNOGERUP, STAMATIADOU, BOTHMER&GUSTAFSSON: FLORA OF ANDROS 225
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Cited for Andros in Baumann & Künkele (1989: 758).
O. holosericea (Burm. fil.) Greuter
C. 1.5 km ESE-E of Palaiopolis, 450-600 m, 37Æ49’N 24Æ50’E, 18 May 1968,
SS & B 32328 (LD); 0.5-1 km SE of Palaiopolis, highgrown macchie, 300-400
m, 37Æ49’N 24Æ50’E, 8 March 1969, SS & B 38737 (LD).
subsp. maxima (Fleischm.) Greuter
0.5 km W of the town of Andros, 20-50 m, 37Æ50’N 24Æ56’E, 3 March 1969,
SS & B 38414 (LD).
O. iricolor Desf.
N of Batsi, 0-10 m, 37Æ52’N 24Æ47’E, 7 March 1969, SS & B 38713 (LD).
O. lutea Cav. subsp. minor (Guss.) O. & E. Danesch
The islet S of Akramatis, S of Gavrion, 37Æ51’N 24Æ45’E, 13 May 1968, SS
& B 31385 (LD), ibid, 12 March 1969, SS & B 38934 (LD), ibid 3 April 1971,
SS & G 41908 (LD); N of Batsi, 0-10 m, 37Æ52’N 24Æ47’E, 7 March 1969, SS &
B 38714 (LD).
O. mammosa Desf.
Several localities.
Voucher: SS & B 38415 (LD).
O. oestrifera MB. subsp. oestrifera
N of Batsi, N of the Monastery Zoodochou Pigi, 250 m, 37Æ52’N 24Æ48’E,
8 May 1991, SS & BS 7990 (LD).
O. omegaifera H. Fleischm.
Cited for Andros in Baumann & Künkele (1989: 758).
O. scolopax Cav.
The species has many localities on Andros.
subsp. cornuta (Steven) Camus
Kallivari, in the valley W and NW of the village, 200 m, 37Æ58’N 24Æ45’E,
12 June 1968, B 34721 (LD); c. 1 km S-SE of Ano Gavrion, 100-250 m,
37Æ54’N 24Æ45’E, 1 April 1971, SS & G 41815 (LD).
subsp. scolopax
C. 1 km ESE-E of Palaiopolis, 450-600 m, 37Æ49’N 24Æ50’E, 18 May 1968,
SS & B s.n. (LD, cult.); Oros Rakhi, garigue NW-W of the top, 600-800 m,
37Æ44’N 24Æ56’E, 17 May 1968, SS & B 32129 (LD); c. 1.5 km SSE of the top
of Mt. Ag. Saranda, 200-250 m, 37Æ56’N 24Æ47’E, 20 May 1968, SS & B 32475
p.p. (LD); small valley on the N-slope 2 km SSE of the top of Mt. Ag. Saran-
da, 270-350 m, 37Æ55’N 24Æ47’E, 20 May 1968, SS & B 32454C (LD).
O. tenthredinifera Willd. subsp. villosa (Desf.) Baumann & Künkele
226 ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS 11. 2006
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Cited for Andros in Baumann & Künkele (1989: 758).
Orchis boryi Reichenb. fil.
In the valley 0-1 km ENE Vitali, 50-200 m, 37Æ56’N 24Æ48’E, 4 April 1971,
SS & G 41947 (LD); SW of Ag. Simeon, 400-500 m, 37Æ56’N 24Æ47’E, 9 May
1991, SS & BS 8018 (B, LD, UPA).
O. collina Banks & Sol.
Early flowering, probably overlooked in other localities.
0.5 km W of the town of Andros, 20-50 m, 37Æ50’N 24Æ56’E, 3 March 1969,
SS & B 38409 (LD); 2-3 km SW of the town of Andros, NW-facing slope, 100-
300 m, 37Æ50’N 24Æ55’E, 4 March 1969, SS & B 38454 p.p. (LD); in the valley
2-3 km SW of Akra Gria, 50-100 m, 37Æ53’N 24Æ56’E, 5 March 1969, SS & B
38509 (LD).
O. coriophora L. subsp. fragrans (Pollini) Sudre
Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 32262 (LD), B 34749 (LD).
O. lactea Poiret
3.5 km SSW of the town of Andros, NW-N-facing slope, 500-650 m,
37Æ49’N 24Æ55’E, 4 March 1969, SS & B 38473 (LD).
O. laxiflora Lam.
Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 32329 (LD), SS & BS 6649 (LD).
O. laxiflora xpalustris
C. 1.5 km ESE-E of Palaiopolis, 450-600 m, 37Æ49’N 24Æ50’E, 18 May 1968,
SS & B s.n. (LD, cult.).
O. palustris Jacq.
C. 1.5 km ESE-E of Palaiopolis, 450-600 m, 37Æ49’N 24Æ50’E, 18 May 1968,
SS & B 32337 (LD); c. 1.5 km SSE of the top of Mt. Ag. Saranda, 200-250 m,
37Æ56’N 24Æ47’E, 20 May 1968, SS & B 32478 (LD).
O. papilionacea L.
Common.
Vouchers: SS & B 38407, 38557 (LD).
subsp. heroica (E. D. Clarke) H. Baumann
Cited for Andros in Baumann & Künkele (1989: 758).
O. pauciflora Ten.
N-slope of Mt. Kouvara (Petalon Oros), c. 2 km SW of Arnas, 600-700 m,
37Æ51’N 24Æ50’E, 2 April 1971, SS & G 41891 (LD); E of the village of
Ammolochos, 550-700 m, 37Æ56’N 24Æ46’E, 4 April 1970, St 7733 (ATH); Mt.
SNOGERUP, STAMATIADOU, BOTHMER&GUSTAFSSON: FLORA OF ANDROS 227
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Kouvara, NW slopes, schistose ground with Quercus, Acer, Crataegus and
abundant Pteridium, moist places, 600-850 m, 37Æ51’N 24Æ51’E, 23 April 1975,
St 18327 (ATH); 0.5 km SW of Ammolochos, small valley, 400 m, 37Æ55’N
24Æ45’E, 20 April 1995, SS & BS 11943 (LD); Mt. Gerakonas, rocky hilltop, 1.5
km SW of Mesa Vouni, 650-700 m, 37Æ47’N 24Æ54’E, 27 April 1995, SS & BS
obs.
O. sancta L.
Cited for Andros in Baumann & Künkele (1989: 758).
Serapias bergonii Camus
Between the villages of Batsi and Gavrion, dry, stony ground with phrygana
near the sea, 5-10 m, 37Æ52’N 24Æ46’E, 22 April 1975, St 18259 p.p. (ATH); E
of Ag. Marina SSE of Batsi, rivulet valley, 50 m, 37Æ50’N 24Æ47’E, 26 April
1995, SS & BS 12012-1 (LD).
S. cycladum H. Baumann & Künkele
Endemic.
Baumann & Künkele (1989: 755-757). NE of Sineti, c. 100 m. 37Æ49’N
24Æ57’E, 18 April 1995, SS & BS 11928 (LD); SE of Fallika, 300 m, 37Æ48’N
24Æ54’E, 27 April 1995, SS & BS 12013 (LD); SW of Livadia, disused fields,
100 m, 37Æ49’N 24Æ55’E, 27 April 1995, SS & BS 12014 (LD).
S. lingua L.
Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 31745 (LD), SS & BS 9072 (LD), St 18259 p.p. (ATH).
S. orientalis (Greuter) Baumann & Künkele
1.5 km SE of Kallivari, 100 m, 37Æ57’N 24Æ45’E, 11 March 1969, SS & B
38857 p.p. (LD); rocky peninsula 3 km NW of Gavrion, 0-50 m, 37Æ54’N
24Æ42’E, 30 March 1971, SS & G 41728 (LD); Ateni, the beach area, 37Æ54’N
24Æ50’E, 28 April 1995, SS & BS 12024 (LD).
S. parviflora Parl.
E of Ag. Marina SSE of Batsi, rivulet valley, 50 m, 37Æ50’N 24Æ47’E, 26
April 1995, SS & BS 12012-2 (LD); N of Batsi, 0.5-1 km S of Moni Zoodochou
Pighis, 250 m, 37Æ52’N 24Æ46’E, 8 May 1991, SS & BS obs.
Spiranthes spiralis (L.) Chevall.
Only found in one locality.
C. 1.5 km ESE-E of Palaiopolis, 450-600 m, 37Æ49’N 24Æ50’E, 18 May 1968,
SS & B 32337C (LD, LD, cult.).
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Posidoniaceae
Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile
Common in the sea, often washed up in great amounts.
Potamogetonaceae
Potamogeton berchtoldii Fieber
Only found in one locality which has later been destroyed.
At the rivulet c. 0.5 km SW of Opiso Meria, 300-400 m, 37Æ45’N 24Æ55’E,
17 May 1968, SS & B 32027 (LD).
P. nodosus Poiret
In rivulets and other wet places. Rare.
At the rivulet c. 0.5 km SW of Opiso Meria, 300-400 m, 37Æ45’N 24Æ55’E,
17 May 1968, SS & B 32028 (LD); at the river S of the town of Andros, 0-10
m, 37Æ50’N 24Æ56’E, 23 May 1968, SS & B 32980 (LD); the outer part of the
valley S of Akra Gria, 0-10 m, 37Æ54’N 24Æ57’E, 24 May 1968, SS & B 33129
(LD); 1.5 km SE of Kallivari, 100 m, 37Æ57’N 24Æ45’E, 11 March 1969, SS & B
38860 (LD); between the villages of Messaria and Fallika, floating on the river,
110-120 m, 37Æ49’N 24Æ55’E, 11 June 1969, St 6569 (ATH); in the valley 1-2
km ENE of Vitali, 10-50 m, 37Æ56’N 24Æ49’E, 4 April 1971, SS & G 41956
(LD); Ateni, 2.5 km SW of the beach, in the rivulet, 37Æ54’N 24Æ50’E, 14 April
1990, SS & BS 6634 (LD); NE of Ateni, in the rivulet near the beach, 0-10 m,
37Æ54’E 24Æ50’E, 3 May 1991, SS & BS obs.
Typhaceae
Typha angustifolia L.
Permanently wet localities. Rare.
Ateni, 1.5-2 km SW of the beach, marshes and wet fields, 37Æ54’N 24Æ50’E,
14 April 1990, SS & BS 6652 (LD).
T. domingensis Pers.
Permanently wet habitats. Several localities.
Vouchers: SS & B 32040 (LD), SS & BS 7963 (LD).
SNOGERUP, STAMATIADOU, BOTHMER&GUSTAFSSON: FLORA OF ANDROS 229
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Zannichelliaceae
Zannichellia palustris L.
In water. Rare.
Gavrion, seashore and meadows W of the town, 37Æ53’N 24Æ44’E, 10 June
1968, B 34582 (LD); SE of the church of Vitalio, near the rivulet, irrigation
ditch, 150 m, 37Æ55’N 24Æ48’E, 26 Aug. 1994, SS & BS 11587 (LD).
Excluded taxon
Cyclamen peloponnesiacum (Grey-Wilson) Kit Tan subsp. peloponnesiacum
This name was used for a spring flowering Cyclamen on Mt. Kouvara by
Tan & Iatrou (2001). It was determined to Cyclamen hederifolium by M.
Debussche, Montpellier in 2005.
8. Acknowledgements
Our work on Andros and the studies of collections have been sponsored by
grants from the Swedish Natural Science Council, the Royal Physiographic
Society of Lund and the Lund Botanical Society.
We have had access to recent material and unpublished notes by several
individuals from the University of Patras, as well as H. Kalheber, Runkel, Ger-
many, and L. Mucina, Phuthaditjhaba, South Africa.
Some experts have assisted with determinations of critical and difficult
plant groups. Colchicum has been determined by Karin Persson, Göteborg,
Ornithogalum by T. Landström, Lund, some difficult grasses by H. Scholtz,
Berlin, most of the legumes by P. Lassen, Lund, Amaranthus by T. Raus, Ber-
lin, some orchids by S. Künkele, Gerlingen, Pteridophyta by B. Zimmer, Ber-
lin, Limonium by R. Artelari, Patras, Anthemis by O. Georgiou, Patras, Sedum
by H. t’Hart, Utrecht, Orobanche by H. Uhlich, Dresden, Hypecoum by Å.
Dahl, Göteborg, Papaver by J. W. Kadereit, Mainz, Taraxacum by J. Kirschn-
er and J. Stepanek, Praha. To all of them we express our sincere thanks.
Our sincere thanks also to A. Anagnostopoulos and C. Brickell for thor-
ough editorial work on the manuscript.
The authors also wish to thank Niki and Anghelos Goulandris for their
help with the publishing of this account of the Flora of Andros.
230 ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS 11. 2006
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9. References
Baumann, H. & Künkele, S. 1989: Die Gattung Serapias L. - eine taxonomische Über-
sicht. - Mitt. Bl. Arbeitskr. Heim. Orch. Baden-Württ. 21 (3): 701-946.
Bernardi, L. 1979: Tentamen revisionis generis Ferulago. - Boissiera 30: 1-182.
Boulos, L. 1973: Révision Systématique du Genre Sonchus L. s. l. IV. Sous-genre 1.
Sonchus. - Bot. Notiser 126: 155-196.
Davis, A. P. 1999: The genus Galanthus. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. – London.
Diapoulis, C. 1934: Die Flora von Andros (Kritische Notiz). - Repert. Spec. Nov.
Regni Veg. 33: 340-341.
Greuter, W. 1973: Additions to the flora of Crete, 1938-1972. - Ann. Mus. Goulandris
1: 15-83.
Höner, D. 1991: Mehrjährige Beobachtungen kleiner Vegetationsflächen im Raume
von Karpathos (Nomos Dhodhekanisou, Griechenland). - Dissert. Bot. 173.
Lassen, P. 1996: Trifolium andricum (Fabaceae), a new species from Greece. - Ann.
Naturhist. Mus. Wien 98 B Suppl.: 301 – 303.
Lidén, M. 1996. New taxa of tuberous Corydalis (Fumariaceae) – Willdenowia 26: 23-
25.
Lidén, M. 2002. Corydalis – In Strid, A. & Tan, K. (eds.) Flora Hellenica 2: 99-105. –
Ruggell.
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Malakates, S. 1933: Die Flora von Andros. - Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 33:
81-101.
Murbeck, S. 1933: Monographie der Gattung Verbascum. - Lunds Universitets
Å
rsskrift N. F. Avd. 2: 29 Nr 2.
Rechinger, K. H. 1943: Flora Aegaea. Flora der Inseln und Halbinseln des ägäischen
Meeres. - Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. Denkschr. 105(1): 1 - 924.
Rechinger, K. H. 1950: Grundzüge der Pflanzenverbreitung in der Ägäis I-III. - Vege-
tatio 2: 55-119, 239-308, 365-386.
Petrochilou, A., Pantoulas, K. & Kitselis, T. 1994: To spilio tou Aladinou - Andriaka
Meletimata 1 (in Greek).
Runemark, H. 1980: Studies in the Aegean Flora XXIII. The Dianthus fruticosus
complex (Caryophyllaceae). - Bot. Notiser 133: 475-490.
Snogerup, B. 1980: The genus Reichardia (Asteraceae) in the Aegean area. - Bot.
Notiser 133: 515-520.
Snogerup, S. & Snogerup, B. 1987: Repeated floristical observations on islets in the
Aegean. - Plant Syst. Evol. 155: 143-164.
Snogerup, S. & Snogerup, B. 2004: Changes in the flora of some Aegean islets 1968-
2000. - Plant Syst. Evol. 245: 169-213.
Snogerup, S. & Snogerup, B. 2005: Changes in the flora of some Aegean islets, stud-
ied during 30 years. In: Karamanos, A. J. & Thanos, C. A. (eds.) Proceedings of
the conference “Theophrastus 2000”: 235 -250. Athens.
Speta, F. 1991: Zwei neue Scilla-Arten (Hyacinthaceae) aus dem östlichen Mit-
telmeerraum. - Phyton (Horn) 31(1): 27–33.
Tan, K. & Iatrou, G. 2001: Endemic plants of Greece. The Peloponnese. – Köben-
havn.
Yannitsaros, A. & Economidou, E. 1974: Studies on the adventive flora of Greece. I.
General remarks on some recently introduced taxa. - Candollea 29(1): 111-119.
250 ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS 11. 2006
Addresses of the authors:
Prof. S. Snogerup & Dr. B. Snogerup, The Botanical Museum, Ö. Vallgatan 18, S-223 61 Lund, Sweden;
Mrs E. Stamatiadou, The Goulandris Natural History Museum, 13, Levidou Str., GR-145 62 Kifissia,
Greece; Prof. R. von Bothmer, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 52, S-230 53 Alnarp, Swe-
den; Prof. M. Gustafsson, Institute of Plant Protection Sciences, SLU, Box 52, S-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden.
goulandri241s254 6-03-07 11:42 ™ÂÏ›‰·250
SNOGERUP, STAMATIADOU, BOTHMER&GUSTAFSSON: FLORA OF ANDROS 251
Fig. 1. Map of the Aegean area.
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252 ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS 11. 2006
Fig. 2. Map of Andros showing the position of some villages, mountains, and capes, with
the names used by the authors.
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SNOGERUP, STAMATIADOU, BOTHMER&GUSTAFSSON: FLORA OF ANDROS 253
Fig. 3. The valley at Korthion, seen from the NE slope of Mt. Rakhi. The gentle landscape
without cliffs and steep slopes is typical for the areas with schistose rocks. On the hilltop
is seen the small limestone cliff at Palaiokastron. April 1985.
Fig. 4. Mt. Kouvara, seen from the harbour of Gavrion with clouds forming above the
mountain. June 1968.
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254 ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS 11. 2006
Fig. 5. Map showing the permanent watercourses which are most important for the flora.
goulandri241s254 6-03-07 11:42 ™ÂÏ›‰·254
SNOGERUP, STAMATIADOU, BOTHMER&GUSTAFSSON: FLORA OF ANDROS 255
Fig. 6. The river valley NE of Remata. In the foreground an olive grove with some fields
still in use. On the other side of the river a long since abandoned, terraced slope becom-
ing colorised by Quercus ithaburensis subsp. macrolepis April 1995.
Fig. 7. A grove of Cupressus sempervirens between Ammolochos and Ag. Varvara, with
mixed columnar and wild-form cypresses. Several of the young trees are apparently self-
sown. April 1995.
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256 ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS 11. 2006
Fig. 8. Macchie with dominating Erica arborea near Ammolochos. April 1995.
Fig. 9. Phrygana dominated by Centaurea spinosa on sand field inside the beach of Ateni.
April 1995.
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SNOGERUP, STAMATIADOU, BOTHMER&GUSTAFSSON: FLORA OF ANDROS 257
Fig. 10. Phrygana on the grazed NW ridge of Mt. Kouvara with dominant Satureja thym-
bra. June 1992.
Fig. 11. Garigue with Phlomis fruticosa on formerly cultivated slope near Fellos. April 1995.
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258 ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS 11. 2006
Fig. 12. Cistus salviifolius in garigue SSW of Remata. April 1995.
Fig. 13. Campanula reiseri in a small limestone cliff NNE of Kallivari. April 1995.
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SNOGERUP, STAMATIADOU, BOTHMER&GUSTAFSSON: FLORA OF ANDROS 259
Fig. 14. Centaurea laconica subsp. lineariloba in a cliff of schist SW of Batsi. April 1995.
Fig. 15. Campanula sartorii in a N-facing cliff of loose schist on the NW ridge of Mt. Kou-
vara. June 1992.
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260 ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS 11. 2006
Fig. 16. Primula vulgaris and Athyrium filix-femina in slope with running water above Arnas.
April 1985.
Fig. 17. Campanula spathulata subsp. spruneriana on a wet slope W of Ammolochos. June
1992.
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SNOGERUP, STAMATIADOU, BOTHMER&GUSTAFSSON: FLORA OF ANDROS 261
Fig. 18. The terraced N slope of Mt. Kouvara with the village of Arnas. The most species-
rich wet area is in the upper right of this picture. April 1985.
Fig. 19. Paeonia mascula subsp. hellenica on a slope SW of Arnas. April 1995.
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262 ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS 11. 2006
Fig. 20. Doronicum orientale on the slope SW of Arnas. April 1995.
Fig. 21. Wet meadow in the village area of Ag. Simeon. May 1991.
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SNOGERUP, STAMATIADOU, BOTHMER&GUSTAFSSON: FLORA OF ANDROS 263
Fig. 22. Orchis laxiflora in the meadow at Ag. Simeon.
May 1991.
Fig. 23. Serapias lingua in the meadow at Ag. Simeon. May 1991.
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264 ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS 11. 2006
Fig. 24. Calystegia soldanella in sand dunes S of Chora Andros. June 1992.
Fig. 25. Allium commutatum, dominant on the islet of Plati, Gavrionisia. April 1985.
goulandri255s270 6-03-07 11:43 ™ÂÏ›‰·264
SNOGERUP, STAMATIADOU, BOTHMER&GUSTAFSSON: FLORA OF ANDROS 265
Fig. 26. Malcolmia flexuosa subsp. naxensis, dominant on rocks near sea level on the islet
of Makedona (Praso Nisi), Gavrionisia. April 1985.
Fig. 27. Anthemis werneri, on rocks near sea level on the islet of Plati, Gavrionisia. April
1985.
goulandri255s270 6-03-07 11:43 ™ÂÏ›‰·265
266 ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS 11. 2006
Fig. 28. The N slope of Mt. Kouvara just W of Chora Andros. Most of the slope is still used
as farmland. June 1968.
Fig. 29. E of Sineti. Former fields with garigue dominated by Genista acanthoclada. The
typical old walls of schist still intact. April 1995.
goulandri255s270 6-03-07 11:43 ™ÂÏ›‰·266
SNOGERUP, STAMATIADOU, BOTHMER&GUSTAFSSON: FLORA OF ANDROS 267
Fig. 30. The uppermost part of the Dipotamos valley, SW of Mesa Vouni on the SW part of
Mt. Gerakonas, seen from one of the hilltops with small limestone cliffs. Some of the fields
are still in use, others abandoned with wild shrubs and trees forming thickets. April 1995.
Fig. 31. Intensely grazed slope NNE of Kallivari. April 1995.
goulandri255s270 6-03-07 11:43 ™ÂÏ›‰·267
268 ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS 11. 2006
Fig. 32. Grazed and repeatedly burned area near the NW summit of Mt. Kouvara. March
1969.
Fig. 33. Trifolium andricum, endemic to Andros and Tinos, in the village area of Ag Sime-
on. May 1991.
goulandri255s270 6-03-07 11:43 ™ÂÏ›‰·268
SNOGERUP, STAMATIADOU, BOTHMER&GUSTAFSSON: FLORA OF ANDROS 269
Fig. 34. Map of areas proposed as reserves for protection of the flora.
goulandri255s270 6-03-07 11:43 ™ÂÏ›‰·269
270 ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS 11. 2006
Fig. 35. The Dipotamos valley SW of Sineti, seen from the road. The slopes were former-
ly all covered with terraced fields, now only the fields in the bottom of the valley and some
on the N slope are still in use. April 1995.
Fig. 36. The bottom of the Dipotamos valley SW of Sineti, with most of the fields still in
use. April 1995.
goulandri255s270 6-03-07 11:43 ™ÂÏ›‰·270
Ibicella (Stapf) Van Eseltine: A genus of the American family
Martyniaceae new for Greece
A
RTEMIOS
Y
ANNITSAROS &
I
OANNIS
B
AZOS
Abstract
Yannitsaros, A. & Bazos, I. 2006. Ibicella (Stapf) Van Eseltine: A genus of the Amer-
ican family Martyniaceae new for Greece. Ann. Musei Goulandris 11: 271-279.
Ibicella (Stapf) Van Eseltine, a genus of the small American family Martyniaceae
with very strange fruits, is reported for the first time from Greece. This record also
seems to be the first for Eastern Mediterranean countries. The species I. lutea (Lindl.)
Van Eseltine was found, as a naturalized adventive, in three localities on the East
Aegean Island of Lesvos. The main morphological characters of this species, its local-
ities in Lesvos with a brief description of its habitats and other data are given. A
recent record of the related Proboscidea louisianica (Miller) Thellung from Lesvos
seems to be erroneous and is briefly discussed.
¶ÂÚ›ÏË„Ë
Yannitsaros, A. & Bazos, I. 2006. Ibicella (Stapf) Van Eseltine: ŒÓ· Á¤ÓÔ˜ Ù˘
·ÌÂÚÈηÓÈ΋˜ ÔÈÎÔÁ¤ÓÂÈ·˜ Martyniaceae Ó¤Ô ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ∂ÏÏ¿‰·. Ann. Musei Goulandris
11: 271-279.
∏ Ibicella ¤Ó· Á¤ÓÔ˜ Ù˘ ÌÈÎÚ‹˜ ·ÌÂÚÈηÓÈ΋˜ ÔÈÎÔÁ¤ÓÂÈ·˜ Martyniaceae ÌÂ
ηÚÔ‡˜ Ôχ ·Ú¿ÍÂÓÔ˘˜ ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂÙ·È ÁÈ· ÚÒÙË ÊÔÚ¿ ·fi ÙËÓ ∂ÏÏ¿‰·. ∏
·Ó·ÊÔÚ¿ ·˘Ù‹ ›Ûˆ˜ Â›Ó·È Ë ÚÒÙË ÁÈ· ÙȘ ¯ÒÚ˜ Ù˘ ∞Ó. ªÂÛÔÁ›Ԣ. ΔÔ Â›‰Ô˜ I. lutea
(Lindl.) Van Eseltine ‚Ú¤ıËÎÂ, ˆ˜ ÂÁÎÏÈÌ·ÙÈṲ̂ÓÔ ÂÈÁÂÓ¤˜, Û ÙÚÂȘ ÙÔÔıÂۛ˜ Ù˘
Ó‹ÛÔ˘ §¤Û‚Ô˘ (∞Ó. ∞ÈÁ·›Ô). ¢›ÓÔÓÙ·È ÔÈ Î‡ÚÈÔÈ ÌÔÚÊÔÏÔÁÈÎÔ› ¯·Ú·ÎÙ‹Ú˜ ÙÔ˘
Ann. Musei Goulandris 11: 271-279.2006
goulandri271s280 6-03-07 11:43 ™ÂÏ›‰·271
›‰Ô˘˜, ÔÈ ÙÔÔıÂۛ˜ ·Ó‡ÚÂÛ‹˜ ÙÔ˘ ÛÙË §¤Û‚Ô Ì ۇÓÙÔÌË ÂÚÈÁÚ·Ê‹ ÙˆÓ
ÂӉȷÈÙËÌ¿ÙˆÓ ÙÔ˘ Î·È ¿ÏÏ· ÛÙÔȯ›·. ™¯ÔÏÈ¿˙ÂÙ·È Â›Û˘ Ë ÚfiÛÊ·ÙË ·Ó·ÊÔÚ¿ ·fi
ÙË §¤Û‚Ô ÙÔ˘ Û˘ÁÁÂÓÔ‡˜ ›‰Ô˘˜ Proboscidea louisianica (Miller) Thellung, Ë ÔÔ›·
Â›Ó·È Ï·Óı·Ṳ̂ÓË.
Introduction
The Martyniaceae is a small family of five genera (Van Eseltine 1929) with
about 20 species, indigenous to tropical and warm temperate areas of the New
World, from southern USA to Uruguay and northern Argentina. A few
species have been introduced as adventive weeds in some countries of the Old
World (Thieret 1977).
These plants are known in the USA as «unicorn plants», «devil’s claws» or
«elephant tusks», common names, which relate to the characteristic form of
their fruits. The fruits, which are the most characteristic feature of the family,
terminate in an upcurved beak which may be longer or shorter than the fruit
body. It is difficult to classify this fruit type in one of the usual fruit categories
because of their particular construction. They are described in botanical liter-
ature in various ways including: «capsule with a fleshy exocarp and woody
endocarp»; «woody many-seeded capsule»; «ligneous drupe»; «drupaceous
capsule»; «drupe» etc. (see Thieret 1977). In fact, the fruit consists of a fleshy
exocarp, which at maturity splits and falls, leaving the persistent, woody sculp-
tured or echinate endocarp. The fruit dehisces along two sutures and the sharp
beak splits into two elongated, rarely short, horns.
One species of the Martyniaceae, namely Proboscidea louisianica (Miller)
Thellung, cultivated as ornamental may escape from cultivation, and has been
reported as an adventive (in some cases naturalized) from some European and
Mediterranean countries, i.e. Portugal, SE Russia (Tutin 1972), France, Italy
(Greuter et al. 1989), Spain (Mart
í
n Madrigal & Fern
á
ndez-Gonz
á
lez 2000)
and Cyprus (Yannitsaros & Georgiadis 2002).
Until recently the Martyniaceae was not recorded from Greece but Pro-
boscidea louisianica was reported from some localities on the East Aegean
Island of Lesvos (Hecht-Markou 1999). According to our investigation this
record is erroneous and Proboscidea louisianica does not seem to occur in
Lesvos.
272 ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS 11. 2006
goulandri271s280 6-03-07 11:43 ™ÂÏ›‰·272
YANNITSAROS & BAZOS: IBICELLA,NEW FOR GREECE 273
Figure 1. Ibicella lutea (Lindl.) Van Eseltine growing in the bed of Tsiknias torrent
(Lesvos, Greece).
(Photo: A.Y., 27.8.1996).
Figure 2. Leaves of Ibicella lutea (Lindl.) Van Eseltine.
(Photo: A.Y., 27.8.1996).
goulandri271s280 6-03-07 11:43 ™ÂÏ›‰·273
274 ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS 11. 2006
Figure 3. Inflorescence of Ibicella lutea (Lindl.) Van Eseltine.
(Photo: A.Y., 27.8.1996).
goulandri271s280 6-03-07 11:43 ™ÂÏ›‰·274
Materials and methods
We found, photographed and collected specimens of a member of the family
Martyniaceae in Lesvos for the first time in August 1996. Since then we have
made two more visits to the area (October 1996, September 1999) in order to
collect supplementary material and other data. The determination of the spec-
imens as Ibicella lutea was made using mainly American bibliography and was
confirmed after studying comparative material of the Martyniaceae in the Her-
baria at Kew (K) and the Natural History Museum in London (μª). Speci-
mens from these collections have been deposited in our personal herbaria, at
the University of Athens (ATHU). Supplementary data was collected by our
friends Ch. Tragellis and M. Ouzounelli.
Results and discussion
Our investigation has shown that the plant we found in Lesvos belongs to the
genus Ibicella and not to Proboscidea which was recorded recently from this
island (Hecht-Markou 1999). According to Van Eseltine (1929) and Thieret
(1977) the two genera have strong and clear differences, the most important
of which are:
Proboscidea Schmidel. Plants with a sysepalous and spathaceous five-lobed
calyx that splits ventrally to the base; endocarp body sculptured.
Ibicella (Stapf) Van Eseltine. Plants with a calyx of five free sepals; endo-
carp body echinate.
The genus Ibicella contains 3 species (Thieret 1977). The species from
Lesvos was identified as Ibicella lutea (Lindl.) Van Eseltine, which is occa-
sionally cultivated as an ornamental but is also grown in South American
countries as a nourishment. Its natural area of distribution is in S. America,
from Brazil to Argentina (Armstrong 1992).
Ibicella lutea is a glandular hairy annual plant. Its large leaves are orbicular
(almost circular) in shape. The flowers are produced in dense racemes. The
corollas are bright yellow, often with red spots in their interior. Two broadly
ovoid bracts surround each flower. The mature fruit has a woody, echinate
endocarp with a beak which splits into two curved sections, longer than its
main body. (This description is brief and gives only some of the main charac-
teristics of the species).
Apart from the diagnostic characters between the genera given above there
YANNITSAROS & BAZOS: IBICELLA,NEW FOR GREECE 275
goulandri271s280 6-03-07 11:43 ™ÂÏ›‰·275
are some other clear distinctions between the species Proboscidea louisianica
and Ibicella lutea.
Proboscidea louisianica may have white-pinkish, violet, red, red-purplish or
creamy-white flowers sometimes yellow in the interior of the corolla throat,
whereas the flowers of Ibicella lutea are yellow, often with red spots as indi-
cated above.
Hecht-Markou (1999) does not cite herbarium specimens or other data,
apart from the names of the localities where she found the plant in Lesvos.
However we conclude, from the colour photographs and other data in the text
of her paper, that the plant she found was Ibicella lutea, which we also found
in Lesvos and not Proboscidea louisianica as she suggests. Hecht-Markou pro-
vides some information, that does not accord with the international bibliogra-
phy and notes that «more accurate investigation must be made concerning this
plant in Lesvos».
We found Ibicella lutea in one locality in Lesvos (with the assistance of Mr.
Ch. Tragellis) particularly in the river bed of the Tsiknias torrent, east of the
villages of Kalloni and Arisvi (Fig. 1-5). This habitat is completely unstable,
but following observations made up until August 2000, Ibicella lutea still grew
in this site. Ch. Tragellis (pers. comm.) also observed in Kalloni (August
2000), Ibicella lutea growing spontaneously in a flowerbed where soil had been
transported from elswhere. According to information from the local inhabi-
tants Ibicella lutea has been growing over a wider area north-east of Kalloni in
torrents, ditches and fields, as a weed, for at least 60 years and is known under
the vernacular name «kremastari» (=hanger). Thus the plant seems to be well
established and naturalized there. The means by which this species was intro-
duced to Lesvos is not known to us.
Following our research in the Herbaria of Kew and Natural History Muse-
um in London, we found that Ibicella lutea has been collected repeatedly from
the countries where it is indigenous (Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay, Argentina)
and that it also was found as an adventive in Australia, South Africa, Iraq and
Great Britain. Ibicella lutea has been recorded as naturalized in Australia and
South Africa (see Thieret 1977). There are also reports that it has become
naturalised in some areas of the USA (Armstrong 1979, 1992). Recently Ibi-
cella lutea has been reported from Belgium (Lambinon et al. 1993) and there
are earlier records from some other European countries (Probst 1949, Lambi-
non et al. 1993).
276 ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS 11. 2006
goulandri271s280 6-03-07 11:43 ™ÂÏ›‰·276
YANNITSAROS & BAZOS: IBICELLA,NEW FOR GREECE 277
Figure 4. Young fruits of Ibicella lutea (Lindl.) Van Eseltine.
(Photo: A.Y., 27.8.1996).
Figure 5. Mature fruit of Ibicella lutea (Lindl.) Van Eseltine.
(Photo: A.Y.).
goulandri271s280 6-03-07 11:43 ™ÂÏ›‰·277
Greek specimens seen and localities
Greece. East Aegean Islands. Isl. Lesvos. East of the village Arisvi, bed of the
torrent Tsiknias, 300-800 m north of the bridge, sandy and pebbly soil,
27.8.1996, Yannitsaros 9220 (Herbarium Yannitsaros). Ib., 25.9.1999, Yannit-
saros 9431 (Herbarium Yannitsaros). Ib., 21.10.1996, Bazos s.n. (mature
fruits). Ib., .8.2000, Tragellis obs. Kalloni, in a flowerbed, .8.2000, Ch. Tragel-
lis obs. Approximately 1 km SSW of Kalloni on the road to Parakila, on a heap
of soil by a roadside, .8.2002, M. Ouzounelli photo! (in fruit).
Acknowledgements
We are grateful to Mr. Christos Tragellis (Kalloni) and Mrs. Meni Ouzounel-
li (Mitilini) for their help and information. Thanks are also due to Dr. Henk
Beentje of the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Herbarium (K) and Dr. Roy Vick-
ery of the Natural History Museum Herbarium (BM) in London for their kind
assistance.
References
Armstrong, W. P. 1979. Unicorn plants in California. Fremontia 7 (1): 16-22.
Armstrong, W. P. 1992. Devil’s Claws. Pacific Horticulture 53 (1): 19-23.
Greuter, W., Burdet, H. M. & Long, G. 1989. Med-Checklist 4. Genève & Berlin.
Hecht-Markou, P. 1999. Das Vorkommen der Proboscidea louisianica in Griechen-
land und zwur auf der Insel Lesbos. Ann. Mus. Goulandris 10: 73-78.
Lambinon, J., Frisque, G. & Fontenelle, E. 1993. Une plante aux fruits étranges
apparue à Liège: Ibicella lutea (Martyniaceae). Natura Mosana 46 (2): 79-82.
Mart
í
n Madrigal, E. & Fern
á
ndez-Gonz
á
lez, F. 2000. Proboscidea louisianica (Miller)
Thell. (Martyniaceae) en Espa
ñ
a. Anal. Jard. Bot. Madrid 58 (1): 190-191.
Probst, R. (red. Strub, W.) 1949. Wolladventivflora Mitteleuropas. Solothurn,
Naturhist. Mus. & Vogt-Schild, VII + 193 pp.
Thieret, J. W. 1977. The Martyniaceae in the Southeastern United States. Jour. Arnold
Arb. 58: 25-39.
Tutin, T. G. 1972. Proboscidea Schmidel. In: Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N.
A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M., Webb, D. A. (eds), Flora
europaea 3, p. 284. Cambridge, etc.
Van Eseltine, G. P. 1929. A preliminary study of the unicorn plants (Martyniaceae).
New York State Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Bulletin 149: 1-41.
278 ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS 11. 2006
goulandri271s280 6-03-07 11:43 ™ÂÏ›‰·278
Yannitsaros, A. & Georgiadis, Ch. 2002. On the occurrence of Proboscidea louisiani-
ca (Miller) Thellung in Cyprus. In: Kamari, G., Psaras, G., Kyparissis, A. & Con-
stantinidis, Th. (eds), Proceedings 9
th
Scientific Congress Hellenic Botanical Society,
9-12 May 2002, Argostoli-Kefalonia, Greece: 83-86 (in Greek with English
abstract).
YANNITSAROS & BAZOS: IBICELLA,NEW FOR GREECE 279
Address of the authors:
Institute of Systematic Botany, Section of Ecology and Systematics, Department of Biology, University of
Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 157 84 Athens, Greece; e-mail: ayannit@biol.uoa.gr, ibazos@biol.uoa.gr
goulandri271s280 6-03-07 11:43 ™ÂÏ›‰·279
goulandri271s280 6-03-07 11:43 ™ÂÏ›‰·280
A catalogue of the Coleoptera of the G.P. Moazzo collection
in the Goulandris Natural History Museum. Part I
M
ARIA
D
IMAKI &
J
ASON
T
YLIANAKIS
Abstract
Dimaki, M. & Tylianakis, J. 2002. A catalogue of the Coleoptera beetles of the G.P.
Moazzo collection in the Goulandris Natural History Museum. Part I. Annales
Musei Goulandris 11: 281-287.
A detailed list is given of 85 beetle species of the family Carabaeidae, 12 species
of Cicindelidae and 23 species of Dytiscidae, represented in the G.P. Moazzo
collection of the Goulandris Natural History Museum. All label data for each
specimen are given.
The Moazzo’s entomological collection at the Goulandris Natural History
Museum contains about 5500 specimens of Coleoptera.
¶ÂÚ›ÏË„Ë
¢ËÌ¿ÎË, M., T˘ÏÈ·Ó¿Î˘, I. 2002. K·Ù¿ÏÔÁÔ˜ KÔÏÂÔÙ¤ÚˆÓ ·fi ÙË Û˘ÏÏÔÁ‹ °.¶.
MÔ¿ÙÛÔ ÛÙÔ MÔ˘ÛÂ›Ô °Ô˘Ï·Ó‰Ú‹ º˘ÛÈ΋˜ IÛÙÔÚ›·˜. M¤ÚÔ˜ I. Annales Musei
Goulandris 11: 281-287.
¢›ÓÂÙ·È Ô Î·Ù¿ÏÔÁÔ˜ 85 ÂȉÒÓ Ù˘ ÔÈÎÔÁ¤ÓÂÈ·˜ Carabaeidae, 12 ÂȉÒÓ Ù˘ ÔÈÎÔ-
Á¤ÓÂÈ·˜ Cicindelidae Î·È 23 ÂȉÒÓ Ù˘ ÔÈÎÔÁ¤ÓÂÈ·˜ Dytiscidae Ù˘ Û˘ÏÏÔÁ‹˜ ÙÔ˘ G.P.
Moazzo ÙÔ˘ ªÔ˘Û›Ԣ °Ô˘Ï·Ó‰Ú‹ º˘ÛÈ΋˜ πÛÙÔÚ›·˜. ¢›ÓÔÓÙ·È fiϘ ÔÈ ÏËÚÔÊÔڛ˜
ÙˆÓ ‰ÂÈÁÌ¿ÙˆÓ Ô˘ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó. ∏ ÂÓÙÔÌÔÏÔÁÈ΋ Û˘ÏÏÔÁ‹ ÙÔ˘ G.P. Moazzo ·ÔÙÂÏ›-
Ù·È ·fi 5500 ‰Â›ÁÌ·Ù· ∫ÔÏÂÔÙ¤ÚˆÓ.
Ann. Musei Goulandris 11: 281-287.2006
goulandri281s296 6-03-07 11:44 ™ÂÏ›‰·281
Introduction
The Entomological Department of the Goulandris Natural History Museum
was established in 1973. It contains insect collections predominantly from
Greece but also from other countries. One particularly significant collection is
that of G.P. Moazzo, which contains insects collected many years ago from
regions that are very different today (sometimes drastically so), with towns and
suburbs having emerged or spread, and ecosystems becoming built over or
degraded.
Georgi Polychronis Moazzo (1893-1975) was born in Alexandria, Egypt, to
Greek parents. He studied agronomic engineering and zoology in Paris. His
foremost interest was in molluscs but he was interested in most aspects of the
natural world (Goulandris; 1977). A catalogue giving details of the Moazzo’s
collection now in the Goulandris Natural History Museum would be of par-
ticular use and interest to sciences both at home and abroad. The specimens
have all been mounted on pins and arranged in unit trays within cabinet draw-
ers. A determination label accompanies each specimen.
This collection includes material from collectors such as A. Carneri, G.
Louvet, B. Alpes, Talbiele, Petroff, Winkler, McMaygiore, Efflatoun and G.P.
Moazzo himself. The material has been examined and described mainly by
G.P. Moazzo.
This material is of historical importance, with some specimens over 100
years old, so it is published with the information given exactly as it appears on
the individual labels. In some cases data may be missing and names may dif-
fer from current nomenclature.
In the list below the species name is first, then follows the number of
specimens (spm), the place of the collection, the year and the collector’s
name.
Carabidae
Pereus corsicus 2 spm
Feronia 1 spm, ARGENTINA: Buenos Aires
Calosoma laterale 2 spm, ARGENTINA: Buenos Aires, leg. A. Carneri
Calosoma antiquum 4 spm, ARGENTINA
Barypus 3 spm, CHILE
Anisodactylus cupripennis 4 spm, ARGENTINA: Buenos Aires
282 ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS 11. 2006
goulandri281s296 6-03-07 11:44 ™ÂÏ›‰·282
Nycterinus 1 spm, CHILE
Trielsis maculata (var1) 1 spm, 1925
Procrustescoriaceus 1 spm, GREECE: Vrilissia, 1959
Bembidium 21 spm, EGYPT: Mex, Mahmoudich, 1920, 1923, 1924
Bembidium varium 2 spm, EGYPT: Mahmoudich 1920
Bembidium niloticus 7 spm, EGYPT: Mex, Mahmoudich, 1921, 1923, 1924, leg.
G. Louvet
Bembidium latislaga 2 spm, EGYPT: Cleopatra, Dekhela 1920,25
Bembidium leuxocilis 1 spm, EGYPT: Mariuot 1923, leg. G. Louvet
Tachys sp. 7 spm, EGYPT: Mex, Montaza 1923, 1924, 1939, leg. G. Louvet
Tachys triangularis 4 spm, EGYPT: Dekhela, Mex 1924, 1925
Tachyura 1 spm
Syrdenus 9 spm, EGYPT: Dekhela, Mex 1921, 1923, 1924, 1925
Pogonus chalceus 7 spm, EGYPT: Dekhela, Mex 1923, 1924, 1925, 1936, leg.
G. Louvet
Pogonus gilvipes 14 spm, EGYPT: Dekhela, Mex 1923, 1924, 1925, 1936, leg.
G. Louvet
Pogonus gracilis 2 spm, EGYPT: Dekhela, Mex 1923, 1924, 1925, 1936, leg. G.
Louvet
Calosoma rugosum 5 spm, EGYPT: Rond-point 1923, 1928, 1930, leg. A.
Carneri
Chlaenites spoliatus 3 spm, EGYPT: Mex 1924, 1929
Epomis viridipunctatus 2 spm, EGYPT?: Pyrie, 1924, 1929, leg. G. Louvet
Zabrus incrassatus 2 spm, GREECE: Vrilissia 1958
Zabrus brondeli 1 spm
Zabrus grossechi 1 spm
Zabrus ventricosus 2 spm, EGYPT: Mariuot, 1923
Abacetus aneolus Del.Alfieri 1910, leg. Talbiele
Pterosticus lissoderus 2 spm
Orthomus barbarus 14 spm, EGYPT: Mex, Mariuot, Rond- point, Patale,
SUDAN: Kadra, 1916, 1921, 1923, 1925, leg. A. Carneri
Lamnosternus complanatus 2 spm, EGYPT: Mariuot
Lamnosternus algerinus 2 spm, leg. G. Louvet
Sphodroides picicornis 4 spm, EGYPT: Rond-point, Mex 1917, 1920, 1929
Sphodrus leucophthalmus 4 spm, FRANCE: Fort Napoleon, Victoria (?), 1918,
1928, 1939
Anthia sexinaculata 2 spm, EGYPT: Route de Suez 1923, leg. A. Carneri
DIMAKI & TYLIONAKIS: MOAZZO COLLECTION. PART I 283
goulandri281s296 6-03-07 11:44 ™ÂÏ›‰·283
Anthia venator 1 spm, MOROCCO: Oasis Bahariah, leg. A. Carneri
Galerita ruficollis 3 spm, ARGENTINA
Aptinus displosor 1 spm
Aptinus spp. 2 spm, GREECE: Vrilissia, 1958
Brachynus oblongus 1 spm, EGYPT: Cairo
Orthomus spp. 12 spm, EGYPT: Smoulia, Rond-point, 1923, 1939
Pterostichus barbarus 7 spm, EGYPT: Mariout, Mandara, Sidi Bishr, Smoulia,
Carbaniat, 1943, 1944
Pterostichus trapezicollis 1 spm
Pterostichus lissoderus 3 spm, 1926
Pterostichinae 2 spm, EGYPT?: Smoulia 1939, 1941
Calathus 1 spm
Scarites subcylidricus 3 spm, EGYPT: Mex, Cleopatre 1918, 1919, 1920, leg. A.
Carneri
Scarites levigatus 3 spm, EGYPT: Abu-kir, Dekhela 1928, leg. A. Carneri
Scarites cayennensis 2 spm, ARGENTINA: Buenos Aires
Scarites planus 1 spm, EGYPT: Cairo, leg. A. Carneri
Scarites sp. 1 spm, EGYPT: Cairo, leg. Petroff
Scarites eurytus 1 spm, Mit-Assem 1930, leg. A. Carneri
Scarites striatus 1spm, EGYPT: Abu-Kir 1924, leg. A. Carneri
Apotomus latigena 1 spm
Lebia fulvicollis 1 spm
Apate xyloperthoides1 spm
Ptinus (paplexus) 1 spm
Ptinus (subaenaeus) 1 spm
Ptinus (copellae) 1 spm, leg. Winkler
Lagria viridipennis 2 spm
Lagria glabrata 3 spm, leg. B. Alpes
Psoa blanchardi 1 spm
Gyriosomus 2 spm, CHILE
Scotobius asperatus 2 spm, CHILE
Siagona kindermanni 3 spm, EGYPT: Route Pyramides, 1925, 1926
Siagona brunnipes 1 spm, EGYPT: Cairo
Siagona depressa 4 spm, EGYPT: Cairo, 1924
Graniger semelederi 1 spm, EGYPT: Mex, 1924
Daptus vittatus 3 spm, EGYPT: Mex, 1919
Ophonus syriacus 5 spm, ALGERIA: Djelfa
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Egadroma marginata 11 spm, EGYPT: Cairo 1917, 1924
Dichirotrichus obsoletus 15 spm, EGYPT: Mex, Dekhela, 1923, 1925
Dichirotrichus punicus 11 spm, EGYPT: Mex, Cairo, Dekhela, 1919, 1923,
1924
Amara sp. 12 spm, EGYPT: Mariout, Rond point, Dekhela, 1921, 1924, 1925
Liocnemis cottyi 5 spm, EGYPT: Mariout, Dekhela, 1921, 1939
Amathitis rufescens 14 spm, EGYPT: Rond-point, Mex, 1916, 1919, 1920, 1921
Amathitis metallescens 3 spm, EGYPT: Dekhela, 1921, 1925
Masoreus wetterhalli 2 spm, 1924
Cymindis suturalis 6 spm, EGYPT: Mariout, 1923, 1935
Cymindis pseudosuturalis 1 spm, EGYPT: Mariout 1923, 1935
Cymindis scapularis 1 spm, 1916, leg. McMaygiore
Cymindis sitifensis) 1 spm, EGYPT: Cairo
Platytarus famini 1 spm, EGYPT?: Kom-el-Ghdour 1924, leg. Petroff
Broscus laevigatus 10 spm, EGYPT: Mex, Rond-point 1918, 1920, 1923, 1938,
1939
Broscus punctatus 2 spm, EGYPT: Cairo, leg. Efflatoun
Cicindelidae
Graphopterus multiguttatus 45 spm, EGYPT: Rosette, Abou-kir, 1922, 1923,
1931, 1938, 1939, leg. A.Carneri
Graphopterus serrator 12 spm, EGYPT?: Guiseh, Gebel Asfar, Wadi-Naliom,
1921, 1936
Cicindela contorta 1spm, EGYPT?: Ras-el-bar, 1918, leg. A.Carneri
Cicindela littorea 9spm, EGYPT: Mex, Abou-kir, Dekhela, Sidi-krer, 1918,
1923, 1924, 1925, 1930
Cicindela flexuosa 12spm, EGYPT: Montaza, Dekhela, Mandara, 1925, 1940
leg. A.Carneri
Cicindela nilotica 2 spm, EGYPT?: Ras-el-bar, 1918, leg. Efflatoun
Cicindela aulica 11 spm, EGYPT: Mex, Abou-kir, Dekhela, Montaza, 1918,
1919, 1920, 1923, 1924
Cicindela melancholica 11 spm, FRANCE?: Victoria, EGYPT: Mex 1918,
1923, 1929, 1939
Cicindela apiator 1 spm, ARGENTINA: Buenos Aires
Tetracha euphratica 15 spm, EGYPT: Vit.Assem (?), Mex 1918, 1919, 1922,
1923, 1932, 1936
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Tetracha affinus 1spm, ARGENTINA: Tucuman
Tetracha falgida 2 spm, ARGENTINA: Rio Salodo
Dytiscidae
Cybister aegyptiacus 6 spm, EGYPT: Maharum Bay (Alexandria), Montaza,
Rond-point, 1919, 1921, 1922
Hydaticus leander 3 spm, EGYPT?: Cleopatra, 1914, 1918
Agabus wasatfernae 2 spm, leg. J. Sahlb.
Laccophilus luridus 15 spm, El Marg, Khanka Mars, Talbieh Avril
Eunectes heloolus 1spm, FRANCE?: Victoria 1920, leg. A.Carnei
Canthydrus notula 1 spm
Bidessus therusalis 5 spm, EGYPT: Cairo
Bidessus confusus 8 spm, Tarah, EGYPT: Alexandria 1939
Laccobius gracilis 1 spm
Herophydrus guineensis 2 spm
Herophydrus turgidus 1 spm
Coelambus musicus 2 spm
Hyphydrus pictus 2 spm
Hydroporus solieri 2 spm
Hydroporus lucasi 2 spm
Hydroporus sp. 1 spm
Deronectes sp. 5 spm, Mex 1918
Deronectes baeticus 1 spm
Deronectes sardus 1 spm
Deronectes bombycinus 1 spm
Limnobius aluta 1 spm
Megadytes glaueus 3 spm, ARGENTINA: Buenos Aires, Tucuman, leg. A.
Carneri
Temnopterus 12 spm, EGYPT: Montaza 1922
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank Christos Georgiadis for helping to catalogue part of the col-
lection.
286 ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS 11. 2006
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References
Goulandris, N. 1977. Georgi P. Moazzo (1893-1975), Greek conchologist. Ann. Mus.
Goulandris 3: 105-122.
DIMAKI & TYLIONAKIS: MOAZZO COLLECTION. PART I 287
Address of the authors:
Maria Dimaki: The Goulandris Natural History Museum, 13 Levidou, Kifissia, Greece.
Jason Tylianakis: Zoology Department, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New
Zealand.
goulandri281s296 6-03-07 11:44 ™ÂÏ›‰·287
goulandri281s296 6-03-07 11:44 ™ÂÏ›‰·288
A catalogue of the Coleoptera of the G.P. Moazzo collection
in the Goulandris Natural History Museum. Part Iπ
J
ASON
T
YLIANAKIS &
M
ARIA
D
IMAKI
Abstract
Tylianakis, J. & Dimaki, M. 2006. A catalogue of the Coleoptera (beetles) of the G.P.
Moazzo collection in the Goulandris Natural History Museum. Part II. Annales
Musei Goulandris 11: 289-296.
The second part of this article contains a detailed list of 168 species of the family
Scarabaeidae, represented in G.P. Moazzo’s collection at the Goulandris Natural His-
tory Museum. All label data for each specimen are given.
¶ÂÚ›ÏË„Ë
T˘ÏÈ·Ó¿Î˘, I. Î·È ¢ËÌ¿ÎË, M. 2006. K·Ù¿ÏÔÁÔ˜ KÔÏÂÔÙ¤ÚˆÓ ·fi ÙË Û˘ÏÏÔÁ‹
°.¶. MÔ¿ÙÛÔ ÛÙÔ MÔ˘ÛÂ›Ô °Ô˘Ï·Ó‰Ú‹ º˘ÛÈ΋˜ IÛÙÔÚ›·˜ M¤ÚÔ˜ II. Annales Musei
Goulandris 11: 289-296.
™ÙÔ ‰Â‡ÙÂÚÔ Ì¤ÚÔ˜ ·˘Ù‹˜ Ù˘ ÂÚÁ·Û›·˜ ‰›ÓÂÙ·È Ô Î·Ù¿ÏÔÁÔ˜ 168 ÂȉÒÓ Ù˘ ÔÈÎÔ-
Á¤ÓÂÈ·˜ Scarabaeidae, Ù˘ Û˘ÏÏÔÁ‹˜ ÙÔ˘ G.P. Moazzo ÙÔ˘ ªÔ˘Û›Ԣ °Ô˘Ï·Ó‰Ú‹
º˘ÛÈ΋˜ πÛÙÔÚ›·˜. ¶·Ú¤¯ÔÓÙ·È fiϘ ÔÈ ÏËÚÔÊÔڛ˜ ÙˆÓ ‰ÂÈÁÌ¿ÙˆÓ Ô˘ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó.
In the list below the species is given first then follows the number of specimens (spm),
the place of the collection, the year and the collector’s name.
Scarabaeidae
Scarabaeus sacer 6 spm, EGYPT: Ramleh Palace, Siouf, Mariout, 1921, 1924,
1928, 1938, leg. A. Carneri
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Scarabaeus puncticollis 13 spm, EGYPT: Ain-Sefra, Saba Pacha, Aabou-kir,
Mariout, Ramleh, Ezlet-kahle; ALGERIA: Touzourt, Sfax (?), 1899, 1914,
1917, 1924, 1938, leg. A. Carneri
Scarabaeus multidentatus 2 spm, EGYPT: Sidi-krer (Mariout); ITALY: Crou
de Rome 1916, 1934, leg. A. Carneri, Father Crozet
Scarabaeus semipunctatus 4 spm, ITALY: Rome; SPAIN: Valencia, Dalmatia,
1916, leg. Father Crozet
Scarabaeus laticollis 5 spm MOROCCO: Tanger, Aur leuh; ITALY: Sardinia,
1915, leg. Father Crozet, Thery
Scarabaeus carnifrons 10 spm, EGYPT: Ramleh; FRANCE?: Victoria, 1921,
1922, 1938, 1939, leg. A. Carneri
Scarabaeus variolosus 5 spm, Mascara, Maggiose, Matulie Trebinge, 1918, leg.
Father Crozet
Scarabaeus cicatricosus 1 spm, MOROCCO: Tanger
Scarabaeus spp. 4 spm, ARGENTINA: Tucuman, Barca d’ Alva de Barros
Copris hispanus 7 spm, EGYPT: Mariout; SPAIN: Ronda, 1919, 1920, 1921,
1940, leg. A. Carneri
Copris spp. 2 spm, ARGENTINA: Tucuman
Copris lunaris 7 spm FRANCE: Ardennes, IRAN?: Kopet-Dagh Siaret;
ALGERIA: Bou-Yerak Dellys, Mt. Edongh, 1901, leg. Bujeau, Hauser, A.
Chobaut
Scaptophilus dasipleurus 5 spm, ARGENTINA: Tucuman; FRANCE?: Victo-
ria, 1929
Scaptophilus spp. 6 spm, SUDAN, ERYTHREA, 1915
Heliocopris isidis 9 spm, EGYPT?: Kafr. Sroukr, 1920, leg. A. Carneri
Catharsius pithecius 10 spm, EGYPT: Sporting, Ramleh, Mansourah, Abou-el-
Chekark 1918, 1920, 1927, 1934, leg. A. Carneri, Marcel Riegh
Onitis sphinx 12 spm , EGYPT: Kafr-el-Dawar, Montaza, Smouha, Siouf,
Mahmoudich; MOROCCO: Casablanca, 1912, 1919, 1922, 1923, 1931,
1932, 1938, leg. Antoine, A. Carneri
Onitis innuivis 8 spm, EGYPT: Noatmoundiel, Montaza; MOROCCO:
Casablanca, Malaba, Fedhala; ARGENTINA: Tucuman, 1918, 1920, 1922,
1923, 1939, leg. Antoine, Thery
Onitis himnerasus 1 spm, UZBEKISTAN: Ferganah Osch, 1894, leg. Hauser
Onitis alexis 1 spm, MOROCCO: Casablanca, leg. Antoine
Onitis damoetas 1 spm, TURKEY: Adana
Onitis numida 1 spm, TUNIS: Bondybon Chehka
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Chironitis irroratus 11 spm, EGYPT: Mariout, 1919, 1924, 1929, 1938, leg. A.
Carneri, Andres
Chironitis furcifer 5 spm, EGYPT: Mariout; MOROCCO: Casablanca, Manon
Bal., 1919, 1920, leg. Antoine, A. Carneri
Chironitis osiridis 2 spm, EGYPT: Mariout, 1919
Chironitis hungaricus 4 spm, MOROCCO: Casablanca, 1920, leg. Antoine
Bubas bubalus 9 spm, EGYPT: Mariout; GREECE: Thessaly, 1919, 1920,
1923, 1938, leg. A. Carneri
Bubas bison 4 spm, TUNIS: Rades; ALGERIA: Jemappes, (?) Bou-berak
(Kahylie), Setif, 1924, leg. Chobau
Bubas sp. 1 spm, ARGENTINA: Tucuman
Megathopa villosa 3 spm, CHILE
Anomiopsis cariphons 7 spm, ARGENTINA: Tucuman, La Riouxa
Pinotus nobilis 3 spm, ARGENTINA: Tucuman
Pinotus spp.10 spm, ARGENTINA: Tucuman; SUDAN, TOGO
Gromphas inermis 1 spm, ARGENTINA: Rio Salodo
Gromphas sp. 1 spm, ARGENTINA: Tucuman
Phanaeus milon 1 spm, ARGENTINA: Tucuman
Phanaeus splendidus 1 spm, ARGENTINA: Tucuman
Phanaeus spp. 2 spm, ARGENTINA: Tucuman; TUNIS: Rades, Chobaut?
Bolbites onitoides 1 spm, VENEZUELA
Bolbites sp. 3 spm, ARGENTINA: Tucuman
Oniticellus palleus 9 spm, EGYPT: Alexandria, Delchela, Siouf, Mahmoudich,
1919, 1925, 1939, leg. Petroff
Gymnopleurus mopsus 2 spm, EGYPT?: Ferganah Osch, Dalm. 1894, leg. Hauser
Gymnopleurus sturmi 1 spm ALGERIA: Bou-Berak Dellys
Gymnopleurus cantharus 1 spm, BOSNIA-HERCEGOVINA: Apfelbeck
Mostar
Gymnopleurus aciculatus 1 spm, IRAN?: Kopet-Dagh Germab 1894, leg. Hauser
Gymnopleurus pilularius 3 spm, ITALY: Sardinia, 1915, leg. Father Crozet
Gymnopleurus flagellatus 2 spm, ALGERIA: Bou-berak Dellys, leg. A.
Chobaut
Gymnopleurus spp. 2 spm, ITALY: Sardinia, 1915, leg. Father Crozet
Thorectes laevigatus 4 spm, ALGERIA: Oran; MOROCCO: Bev Lechid, 1914,
leg. A. Chobaut, Antoine
Thorectes hemisphaericus 1 spm, ALGERIA: Bou-Berak Dellys
Thorectes intermedium 1 spm, TUNIS: Bizerta
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Thorectes vaviolipenni 2 spm MOROCCO: Casablanca; FRANCE: Corsica,
leg. Antoine, Dieher
Ballocera ? sengalensis 7 spm, SUDAN, 1918, leg. Alfieri
Ballocera ? spp. 2 spm, SUDAN, leg. Alfieri
Oxyomus sylvestris 1 spm, AUSTRIA: Umgeb Craz, leg. Denecke
Onthophagus bedeli 12 spm, EGYPT: Mariout, Dehela, Laghouat, 1921, 1923,
1925, 1929, leg. A.Carneri
Onthophagus nebulosus 17 spm, EGYPT: Ghardaia, Garbaniat (Mariout),
Dehela, Rond-point, Fort-Napoleon, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1923, 1924, 1944,
leg. A.Carneri
Onthophagus nitidulus 4 spm EGYPT: Cairo
Onthophagus amyntas 1 spm
Onthophagus taurus 3 spm, FRANCE: Rouen; GREECE: Corfu; TUNIS: El
Djem
Onthophagus ovatus 2 spm, AUSTRIA: Umgeb (Graz st.), FRANCE: Rouen
Onthophagus furcatus 1 spm, FRANCE: Golden Coast
Onthophagus vitulus 1 spm, Neunbviehen, 1892
Onthophagus andalusicus 3 spm, MOROCCO: Casablanca; TUNIS: Bordjbon
Chehka; SPAIN: Andalusia, leg. Antoine
Onthophagus marginalis 1 spm, Thian S. (Musart)
Onthophagus fracticornis 2 spm, FRANCE: Rouen, Golden Coast
Onthophagus canobita 3 spm, FRANCE: Rouen; PORTUGAL: Cintra
Onthophagus austriacus 1 spm
Onthophagus lemur 1 spm, IRAN?: Kopet-Dagh (Germab), 1894, leg. Hauser
Onthophagus vacca 5 spm, GREECE: Tripolis; FRANCE: Rouen, leg. A.
Chobaut, 1919
Onthophagus vacca medins 1 spm, FRANCE: Golden Coast
Onthophagus nuchicornis 3 spm, GERMANY: Umg, Marburg, (Styria Med.),
FRANCE: Rouen
Onthophagus lucidus 1 spm
Onthophagus sp. 4 spm, FRANCE: Sies Maries de la Mer, 1919, leg. A. Chobaut
Onthophagus punctatus 10 spm, FRANCE?: Calliers (Angles); MOROCCO:
Tanger, leg. A. Chobaut
Onthophagus aocatus 1 spm, ALGERIA: Boghari
Onthophagus verticicornis 4 spm, JUGOSLAVIA: Carniola; ITALY: Rome,
1918, leg. A. Chobaut
Onthophagus gazella? 1 spm, MADAGASCAR: Taranarive
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Onthophagus spp. 9 spm, ERYTHREA, leg. Mochi
Oniticellus fulvus 9 spm, ALGERIA, 1900, leg. Hauser
Oniticellus pallens 5 spm, leg. Chobaut
Oniticellus pallipes 3 spm, leg. Chobaut
Oniticellus sp. 1 spm, ERYTHREA, 1918, leg. A. Mochi
Oniticellus spp. 5 spm, EGYPT?: Daitotai, Maruyama; GREECE: Corfu,
1914, leg. Thery
Hybalus parvicornis 2 spm, ALGERIA: Bou-berak, leg.Chobaut
Hybalus granicornis 3 spm, ALGERIA: Bou-berak
Minotaurus typhoeus 1 spm, MOROCCO: Casablanca, Ber Rechid, 1917
Minotaurus typhaeoides 3 spm
Lethrus apterus 1 spm, TURKEY: Adana
Lethrus spp. 2 spm
Caccobius schreberi 1 spm, GREECE: Tripolis
Caccobius histeroides 1 spm, GREECE: Nemea
Sisyphus schaefferi 5 spm, TURKEY: Constantinople, leg. Edough
Sisyphus spp. 3 spm, ERYTHREA, leg. Thery
Trox scaber 3 spm
Trox sp.? 1 spm, Velezgb. Hrz., leg. Krauss
Trox sp. 1 spm, ARGENTINA: Tucuman
Trox pastillarius 1 spm
Trox perlatus 2 spm, SPAIN: Montserrat, leg. Thery
Trox sabulosus 1 spm, Velezgb. Hrz., leg. Krauss
Trox fabricii 3 spm, ALGERIA: Bou-berak
Trox hispidus 2 spm
Pleurophorus variolosus 1 spm, RUSSIA: Uralsk
Rhyssemus plicatus 1 spm, ALGERIA: Bou-berak
Rhyssemus asper 1 spm, ALGERIA: Bou-berak
Rhyssemus sp. 1 spm, Transcap, leg. Hauser
Rhyssemus algiricus 1 spm, ALGERIA: Bou-berak
Diastictus vulneratus 1 spm, AUSTRIA: Umgeb (Graz)
Psammobius laevipennis 1 spm, ALGERIA: Bou-berak
Psammobius geminatus 1 spm, Transcap, leg. Hauser
Psammobius sulcicollis 1 spm
Platycoelia inflate 2 spm
Platycoelia flavolineata 1 spm
Euchlora dymideata 1 spm, INDONESIA: Sumatra
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Leucopholis sp. 1 spm, CHILE, leg. Moran
Leucopholis plagiata 1 spm, INDONESIA: Borneo
Leucopholis sp. 1 spm, ERYTHREA, 1915, leg. Ghinda
Glaphyrus micans 4 spm, ERYTHREA, 1915, leg. Ghinda
Elaphocera hiemalis 1 spm, GREECE: Attica
Hoplopus atriplicis 2 spm, Ghandaia, leg. Chobaut
Brachysternus sp. 1 spm, CHILE
Melolontha hippocastani 8 spm, EGYPT: Giza; AUSTRIA: Umgeb (Graz);
CAUCASIA: Caucasus - Babadjanides, 1917
Melolontha sp. 1 spm
Tanyproctus reichei 1 spm, GREECE: Athens
Schizonycha algerina 1 spm
Rhizotrogus ebwineicollis 2 spm, ALGERIA: Bou-berak
Rhizotrogus numidcus 1 spm, ALGERIA: Teniet-el-Haad, leg. Chobaut
Rhizotrogus vernus 2 spm, Velezgb. Hrz., leg. Krauss
Rhizotrogus marginipes 1 spm, CROATIA: Pola Istria
Rhizotrogus pilicollis 1 spm, ALGERIA: Bou-berak, leg. Chobaut
Rhizotrogus aestivus 2 spm, AUSTRIA: Dornbach, Wien; MOROCCO: Mam-
ria, leg. Thery
Rhizotrogus lomtiusculus 1 spm
Geotrogus deserticola 2 spm, ALGERIA: Bou-berak; HUNGARY: Budapest
Succipalpus elegans 1 spm, CHILE
Rhizotrogus quercanus 1 spm, ITALY
Rhizotrogus tetkkensis 1 spm, Frans Caspi G. Turtmenien, leg. E.Konig
Rhizotrogus mascarauxi 4 spm, FRANCE: Landes, leg. Thery
Rhizotrogus numidicus 1 spm, ALGERIA: Teniet-el-Haad, 1972, leg. Blantyre
Hipporhinus fulvus 1 spm, MOROCCO: Casablanca, 1920, leg. Antoine, Thery
Apterogyna sordescens 4 spm
Haplidia transversa 1 spm, GREECE: Athens
Haplidia nitidula 1 spm, 1919
Serica brunnea 1 spm, SAXONIA: Bastei
Pachydema anthracina 3 spm, MOROCCO: Casablanca, leg. Antoine
Pachydema palposa 1 spm, EGYPT: Ramleh
Pachydema reichei 1 spm
Homaloplia rivricola 1 spm, AUSTRIA: Graz
Homaloplia spirae 1 spm
Homaloplia limbata 1 spm, AUSTRIA: Wien Oberweiden
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Maladera holosericea 1 spm, Mero Zah Tr. Zoppa; AUSTRIA: Graz
Polyphylla olivieri 1 spm, SPAIN: Valencia
Polyphylla fullo 1 spm, AUSTRIA: Wien Umg. Oberweiden; CAUCASIA:
Caucasus, leg. Duchon
Anoxia orientalis 1 spm, LEBANON: Beirut
Anoxia sp. 1 spm, MOROCCO: Casablanca, leg. Antoine
Anoxia sp. 1 spm, TURKEY: Adana
Anoxia emaiginata 2 spm, MOROCCO: M. de Zenara; ALGERIA: Bou-berak,
1921, leg. Antoine
Anoxia australis 1 spm
Anoxia villosa 1 spm, AUSTRIA: Graz
Anoxia sp. 1 spm
Amphimallus solstitialus 3 spm, TURKESTAN: Turkestan, Mts Karateghin
Baldsohuan, Trausbaicalia, 1898,1908, leg. Hauser
Amphimallus pygialis 1 spm, SPAIN
Amphimallus assimilis 1 spm, ROMANIA: Herkules Bad
Amphimallus majalis 1 spm, FRANCE: Toulon
Hymenoplia heydeni 2 spm, ALGERIA: Teniet-el-Haad, leg. Chobaut
Hymenoplia rugulosa 1 spm, Hi.bor.
Hymenoplia estrettana 7 spm
Hymenoplia strigosa 1 spm, SPAIN: Cataluna
Hymenoplia chevrolati 1 spm, SPAIN: Valencia
Liogenus sp. 2 spm
Dichelonycha albicollis 1 spm
Triodonta sp. 2 spm, EGYPT?: Ain. Sefra, 1923, leg. Chobaut
Triodonta unguicularis 1 spm, ALGERIA: Mostaganem, 1923, leg. Chobaut
Triodonta ochroptera 2 spm, ALGERIA: Mostaganem, 1923, leg. Chobaut
Triodonta romana 8 spm, ITALY: Rome, 1918, leg. Father Crozet
Triodonta spp. 3 spm, MOROCCO: Casablanca, leg. Antoine
Triodonta sp.1 spm, MOROCCO: Dradek, leg. Thery
Triodonta maroccana 2 spm MOROCCO: Rabat, Casablanca, leg. Thery, Antoine
Triodonta sp. 1 spm, MOROCCO: Casablanca, leg. Antoine
Triodonta ochraptera 4 spm, ALGERIA: Mostaganem, 1923, leg. Chobaut
Triodonta nitidula 7 spm, CROATIA: Podgora bel Gorz; ITALY: Rome, 1918
Triodonta sp.? 1 spm ERYTHREA, 1915, leg. Ghinda
Chasmatopterus villosulus 1 spm, Manzanal Paganetti
Chasmatopterus hirtulus 1 spm, SPAIN: Ponforrada Asturia
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Chasmatopterus pilosulus 1 spm, SPAIN, leg. Reitter
Tribopertha quendenfeldti 2 spm, EGYPT: Ghandaia
Cyclocephala metanocephala 2 spm, ARGENTINA: Buenos Aires, leg. Morom
Cyriopertha glabra 1 spm
Cyriopertha spp.4 spm, SUDAN
Cyriopertha sp. 1 spm, SUDAN, 1920, leg. Alfieri
Cyriopertha sp. 1 spm, ERYTHREA, 1918, leg. Ghinda
Anomala oblonga 1 spm, ERBIA: Tschatschak
Anomala aenea 3 spm, GREECE: Attica; SYRIA: Cilli, leg. Reitter
Anomala sp. 1 spm, Cavaluna
Anomala aurata 1 spm, GERMANY: Umg. Marburg (Styria Med.)
Anomala spp. 8 spm, ERYTHREA; ITALY: Rome, 1915, 1920, leg. Ghinda,
Father Crozet
Anomala vitis 1 spm, LIBYA: Tripolis
Anomala solida 1 spm, 1918 leg. Kauldeh
Anomala ausonia 4 spm, ITALY: Rome, 1916, 1919
Anomala vegans 4 spm, PORTUGAL
Anomala devota 1 spm, ITALY: Rome, leg. Father Crozet
Anomala devota 1 spm
Anomala junii 1 spm
Adoretus nigrifrons 1 spm, CAUCASIA: Caucasus, leg. Reitter
Adoretus spinosus 1 spm, Kalnula, 1920, leg. Alfieri
Adoretus sp. 2 spm, ITALY: Rome, 1919, leg. Father Crozet
Adoretus spp. 2 spm, ITALY, leg. Vogel
Adoretus osmantis 1 spm, SYRIA
Adoretus sp. 1 spm, ITALY, 1920, leg. Father Crozet
Adoretus sp. 1 spm, AUSTRIA: Wien
Adoretus sp. 1 spm, ITALY: Luza Juin, leg. Father Crozet
Adoretus dypeatus 1 spm, Kalnula, 1920, leg. Alfieri
Adoretus sp. 1 spm, Kalnula, 1920, leg. Alfieri
Adoretus sp. 2 spm, SUDAN, leg. Alfieri
Adoretus sp. 1 spm, SYRIA: Cilli
296 ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS 11. 2006
Address of the authors:
Jason Tylianakis: Zoology Department, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New
Zealand.
Maria Dimaki: The Goulandris Natural History Museum, 13 Levidou, Kifissia, Greece.
goulandri281s296 6-03-07 11:44 ™ÂÏ›‰·296
Additional data on the bat species (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae and
Vespertilionidae) of the island of Thasos, north-eastern Greece
A
NTHONY
C. L
ANE and
H
ARALAMBOS
A
LIVIZATOS
Abstract
Lane, A. & Alivizatos, H. 2006. Additional data on the bat species (Chiroptera: Rhi-
nolophidae and Vespertilionidae) of the island of Thasos, north-eastern Greece.
Ann. Musei Goulandris 11: 297-301.
Seven species of bats (Chiroptera) were recorded in eastern Thasos on 15-29
September 1999. Previously only two species had been recorded from this island.
¶ÂÚ›ÏË„Ë
Lane, A. & Alivizatos, H. 2006. ™˘ÌÏËڈ̷ÙÈο ‰Â‰Ô̤ӷ Ô˘ ·ÊÔÚÔ‡Ó Â›‰Ë
XÂÈÚÔÙ¤ÚˆÓ (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae and Vespertilionidae) ·fi ÙË Ó‹ÛÔ
£¿ÛÔ, B.A. EÏÏ¿‰·. Ann. Musei Goulandris 11: 297-301.
∂Ù¿ ›‰Ë Ó˘¯ÙÂÚ›‰ˆÓ (ÃÂÈÚÔÙ¤ÚˆÓ) ηٷÁÚ¿ÊËÎ·Ó ÛÙËÓ ∞Ó·ÙÔÏÈ΋ £¿ÛÔ ÛÙȘ
15-19 ™ÂÙÂÌ‚Ú›Ô˘ 1999. ª¤¯ÚÈ ÙfiÙ ÌfiÓÔ ‰‡Ô ›‰Ë ›¯·Ó ηٷÁÚ·Ê› ·fi ÙÔ ÓËÛ›.
Introduction
Thasos is situated in the Aegean Sea off the north coast of, north-east Greece
(24
0
40’ E and 40
0
40’ N). It has an area of 398 km
2
and a maximum altitude
of 1,127 m. It has a comparatively wide variety of habitats, including pine
Ann. Musei Goulandris 11: 297-301.2006
goulandri297s302 6-03-07 11:44 ™ÂÏ›‰·297
forests (Calabrian Pine, Pinus halepensis subsp. brutia), maquis, olive groves,
bare areas and steep cliffs, as well as two small coastal wetlands. It includes
four Natura 2000 designated areas as well as an Important Bird Area (IBA)
(Dafis et al. 1996; Bourdakis 1999).
Data on the Chiroptera of the island is limited (Van Laar & Daan 1964;
Iliopoulou-Georgoudaki 1977). The present survey concentrated on the east-
ern part of the island, near the villages of Panagia and Chrissi Ammoudhia
(Golden Beach), an area with a green fertile plain leading up to mountainous
pine forests and numerous sources of spring-fed water.
Materials and methods
The survey took place over the period 15-29 September 1999. Each evening
various areas were searched, mainly in olive groves and waterside sites, trying
to detect the presence of bats using a tunable heterodyne bat detector, and, if
possible, provisionally to identify them. A mist net was also used 22-25
September, placed in an olive grove near a stream, over a reed-bed, in a cave
entrance and across a small brackish beach pool fed by a stream.
Bats were identified with the use of suitable field guides (Schober &
Grimmberger 1989; Briggs & King 1998). In the case of the captured bats, the
sex and age (if possible) were recorded, as well as the length of the forearm
(measured with Vernier calipers) and the weight (taken on a digital balance).
All bats were released after capture.
Results
The following seven Chiroptera species were recorded, and the details of any
bats handled can be seen in Table 1.
Rhinolophus hipposideros: A few individuals were recorded in the cave
Drakospilia, near Panagia and identified at close proximity.
Rhinolophus ferrumequinum: Six individuals were captured by mist net in the
cave Drakospilia on 24 September 1999.
Myotis capaccinii: Two individuals were captured by mist net over a small sea-
side pool at Chrissi Ammoudhia on 25 September. Also, on this and previ-
ous occasions, several individuals were observed feeding characteristically
by skimming low over water.
298 ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS 11. 2006
goulandri297s302 6-03-07 11:44 ™ÂÏ›‰·298
Myotis nattereri: One individual was mist-netted at the Drakospilia cave on 24
September.
Pipistrellus pipistrellus: One individual was mist-netted over the same seaside
pool at Chrissi Ammoudhia on 25 September.
Pipistrellus savii: Four individuals were mist-netted over the same seaside pool
at Chrissi Ammoudhia on 25 September.
Eptesicus serotinus: At least two individuals were observed at any one time feed-
ing over mixed woodland at dusk near the village of Chrissi Ammoudhia.
Table 1. Data on the Chiroptera captured in Thasos, September 1999.
Species Sex Age Forearm length weight (in g.)
(in mm)
Rhinolophus ferrumequinum M ? 59.7 19.4
« « F ? 56.3 21.1
« « F ? 59.4 20.6
« « F ? 58.5 23.8
« « M ? 57.0 21.3
« « M ? 57.8 20.9
Myotis capaccinii M juv. 34.4 6.0
« « F juv. 34.1 6.2
Myotis nattereri F ? 41.6 8.8
Pipistrellus pipistrellus F ? 30.4 5.8
Pipistrellus savii M ? 32.2 6.6
« « F ? 35.5 7.7
« « M ? 31.7 6.8
« « F ? 34.2 7.9
Discussion and conclusions
In total, seven species of bats were recorded in the study area. Previous stud-
ies on Thasos have recorded only two species on the island (Rhinolophus blasii
and Myotis capaccinii) (Van Laar & Daan 1964, Iliopoulou-Georgoudaki
1977). All eight species recorded up to now in the island are relatively wide-
spread and common in Greece (Mitchell-Jones et al. 1999).
It is highly unlikely that the species recorded to date are the only ones on
LANE & ALIVIZATOS: CHIROPTERA OF THE ISLAND OF THASOS 299
goulandri297s302 6-03-07 11:44 ™ÂÏ›‰·299
Thasos. More systematic surveys are needed to gain a complete knowledge of
the bat fauna of the island. These surveys should take place throughout the
year and integrate the use of several methods, including mist nets, bat detec-
tors and searches in roosts.
The Drakospilia cave in Panagia is rarely visited (G. Chrysafis, pers. comm,),
and cave floor deposits of bat guano suggest a long period of usage by bats. It
should be noted that the Edible Dormouse (Glis glis) was also recorded there,
both inside and outside the cave. This small mammal, widespread in mainland
Greece and on Crete, has recently been reported from another Aegean island,
Andros (Dimaki 1999)
Having established the presence of two species of Horseshoe Bat and know-
ing the sensitivity of these species to disturbance, it is recommended that
access to the Drakospilia cave be controlled.
Acknowledgements
Many thanks to Mrs S. Lane and Mrs A. Harrisson for their invaluable help
and encouragement in the field work. Also, we thank G. Chrysafis (Panagia)
for his valuable information on the location of the Drakospilia cave and
arranging permission for access; and Miss N. Kardakari for the provision of
the mist nets.
References
Bourdakis, S. 1999. Review of the Important Bird Areas in Greece (IBAG). Hellenic
Ornithological Society. Athens. [in Greek]
Briggs, B. & King, D. 1998. The Bat Detective. A Field Guide for Bat Detection. Stag
Electronics.
Dafis, S., Papastergiadou, E., Georghiou, K., Babalonas, G., Georgiadis, T., Papa-
georgiou, M., & Lazaridou, T. 1996. The Greek «Habitat» Project (Directive
92/43/EEC) Natura 2000: An Overview Final Project Report. Life Contract By
3200/94/756 Commission of the European Communities DGXI, Goulandris Nat-
ural History Museum - Greek Biotope/Wetland Centre.
Dimaki, M. 1999. First record of the Edible Dormouse Glis Glis (Linnaeus, 1766),
from the Greek island of Andros. Ann. Musei Goulandris 10: 181-183.
Iliopoulou-Georgoudaki, J. 1977: Systematic study and geographical distribution of
Chiroptera in Greece. Ph. D. Thesis. University of Patras. [in Greek]
Mitchell-Jones, A.J., Amori, G., W. Bogdanowicz, W., Krystufek, B., Reijnders,
300 ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS 11. 2006
goulandri297s302 6-03-07 11:44 ™ÂÏ›‰·300
P.J.H., Spigenberger, F., Stubble, M., Thissen, J.M.B., Vohralik, V. & Zima, J.
1999. The Atlas of European Mammals. Poyser Natural History.
Schober, W. and Grimmberger, E. 1989. A Guide to Bats of Britain and Europe. Ham-
lyn.
Van Laar V. & Daan, S. 1964: On some Chiroptera from Greece. Beaufortia. Misc.
Publ. Zool. Mus. Amsterdam 10: 158-166.
LANE & ALIVIZATOS: CHIROPTERA OF THE ISLAND OF THASOS 301
Address of the authors:
Anthony C. Lane, 7 Orchard Road, Skidby, Cottingham, Yorkshire HU16 5TL, UK
Dr Haralambos Alivizatos , 4 Zaliki St., 115 24 Athens, Greece
goulandri297s302 6-03-07 11:44 ™ÂÏ›‰·301
goulandri297s302 6-03-07 11:44 ™ÂÏ›‰·302
Distribuzione della tribúXylocopini
(Hymenoptera: Apidae: Xylocopinae) in Grecia:
Il materiale conservato nelle collezioni entomologiche italiane I.
S
ALVATORE
V
ICIDOMINI
Abstract
Vidicomini, S. 2006 Distribution of the tribe Xylocopini carpenter bees
(Hymenoptera: Apidae: Xylocopinae) in Greece: the specimens of the Italian
entomological collections I. Ann. Musei Goulandris 11: 303-309.
The Xylocopini (Hymenoptera: Apidae) specimens of 59 Italian entomological col-
lections have been studied in order to obtain data on greek Xylocopini fauna. The fol-
lowing species have been recognized: Proxylocopa olivieri (5 specimens; Dodecanese),
Xylocopa iris (14; Central Greece, Cyclades, Ionian Islands, Crete, Dodecanese), X.
valga (6; Central Greece, Macedonia, Thessaly), X. violacea (60; Dodecanese, Ionian
Islands, Crete, Epirus, Central Greece, Macedonia, Peloponnese, Thessaly).
¶ÂÚ›ÏË„Ë
Vicidomini, S. 2006. H ηٷÓÔÌ‹ ÙˆÓ Xylocopini (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Xylocopinae)
ÛÙËÓ ∂ÏÏ¿‰·: Ù· ‰Â›ÁÌ·Ù· Ù˘ πÙ·ÏÈ΋˜ ÂÓÙÔÌÔÏÔÁÈ΋˜ Û˘ÏÏÔÁ‹˜. Ann. Musei
Goulandris 11: 303-309.
Δ· ‰Â›ÁÌ·Ù· ÙˆÓ Xylocopini (ÀÌÂÓfiÙÂÚ·: Apidae) ·fi 59 ÂÓÙÔÌÔÏÔÁÈΤ˜ Û˘Ï-
ÏÔÁ¤˜ Ù˘ πÙ·Ï›·˜ ÌÂÏÂÙ‹ıËÎ·Ó ÁÈ· Ó· ·ÔÎÙËıÔ‡Ó ‰Â‰Ô̤ӷ Û¯ÂÙÈο Ì ÙËÓ ·Ó›‰·
ÙˆÓ ∂ÏÏËÓÈÎÒÓ Xylocopini. Δ· ·Ú·Î¿Ùˆ ›‰Ë ·Ó·ÁÓˆÚ›ÛÙËηÓ: Proxylocopa olivieri
(5 ‰Â›ÁÌ·Ù·, ¢ˆ‰ÂοÓËÛ·), Xylocopa iris (14, ∫ÂÓÙÚÈ΋ ∂ÏÏ¿‰·, ∫˘ÎÏ¿‰Â˜, πfiÓÈ· ÓË-
Ann. Musei Goulandris 11: 303-309.2006
goulandri303s320 6-03-07 11:45 ™ÂÏ›‰·303
ÛÈ¿, ∫Ú‹ÙË, ¢ˆ‰ÂοÓËÛ·), X. valga (6, ∫ÂÓÙÚÈ΋ ∂ÏÏ¿‰·, ª·Î‰ÔÓ›·, £ÂÛÛ·Ï›·), X.
violacea (60, ¢ˆ‰ÂοÓËÛ·, πfiÓÈ· ÓËÛÈ¿, ∫Ú‹ÙË, ◊ÂÈÚÔ˜, ∫ÂÓÙÚÈ΋ ∂ÏÏ¿‰·, ª·ÎÂ-
‰ÔÓ›· , ¶ÂÏÔfiÓÓËÛÔ˜, £ÂÛÛ·Ï›·).
Introduzione
Questo contributo rappresenta la seconda parte del progetto che ha come
scopo lo studio dettagliato degli Xylocopini della Grecia (vedi Vicidomini
1999). Nella prima parte è stato elencato il materiale del Goulandris Museum
mentre in questa seconda parte viene elencato il materiale conservato presso
alcuni istituti e musei italiani.
Metodi
Gli esemplari (F = femmina; M = maschio) nel testo vengono suddivisi
per specie, regione e località; con (S.c.) vengono indicati gli esemplari infesta-
ti dall’acaro foretico Sennertia (Sennertia) cerambycina (Scopoli 1763)
(Chaetodactylidae) (Vicidomini 1996).
Collezioni Italiane Visionate. Per l’ ottenimento dei dati sono state vision-
ate le seguenti collezioni entomologiche italiane contenenti Xylocopini:
a) Istituti Universitari – Biologia Animale, Catania; Biologia Animale,
Modena; Biologia Evolutiva & Sperimentale, Bologna; Difesa Agro-Fore-
stale, Potenza; Entomologia Agraria (Bari, Bologna, Milano, Padova, Piacen-
za, Portici, Sassari); Zoologia, Cagliari; Zoologia Roma (= ex-I.N.E.).
b) Musei Pubblici – Civici di Storia Naturale (Alba, Bra, Carmagnola,
Comiso, Faenza, Ferrara, Milano, Montebelluna, Morgegno, Stazzano, Tri-
este, Villa D’ Almé); Civico di Zoologia, Roma; Storia Naturale (Friulano,
Udine; Frigiano, Paullo (MO); Romagna, Cesena; Provinciale, Livorno; Don
Bosco, Torino; Marano sul Panaro); Scienze Naturali, L’ Aquila; Seminario
Vescovile, Vicenza; Zangheri per Studio Naturalistico della Romagna,
Verona; Zoologico (La Specola, Firenze; Napoli).
c) Istituti Pubbliei Non Universitari – Servizi Fitosanitari Regionali
(Bologna, Genova, Perugia, Ravenna, Sanremo, Trieste); Tecnico C. Cavour,
Vercelli; Tecnico Agrario Statale Brignoli, Gradisca.
d) Collezioni Private – Bonelli B. (Cavalese); Campadelli G. (Bologna);
Cazzuoli A.L. (Mirandola); Hellrigl K. (Bressanone); Intoppa F. (Roma);
Meloni C. (Cagliari); Migliaccio E. (Roma); Nicoli-Aldini R. (Piacenza);
304 ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS 11. 2006
goulandri303s320 6-03-07 11:45 ™ÂÏ›‰·304
Osella G. & M. (Aquila); Parente P. & F. (Guardia Sanframondi); Perillo M.
(S. Nicola La Strada); Pezzi G. (Bagnacavallo); Quaranta M. (Roma); Rattu
F. (Cagliari).
Sono state consultate numerose altre collezioni entomologiche italiane le
quali perònon contenevano esemplari di Xylocopini e che non verranno quin-
di elencate (per un elenco di queste collezioni vedi: Vicidomini 1998a, 1998b;
Vicidomini & Campadelli, 1998).
Le collezioni italiane in cui sono strati riscontrati Xylocopini catturati in
Grecia sono le seguenti e verranno cosìsimboleggiate nel testo: Istituto di
Biologia Animale, Catania (BAC); Istituto de Entomologia Agraria [Bologna
(B); Milano (M), Portici (P), Sassari (S)]; Museo Civico di Storia Naturale,
Milano (MM); collezione personale Osella G.&M., L’ Aquila (OA); Istituto di
Zoologia, Roma (=ex-I.N.E.) (ZR).
Con V-97 e V-98 vengono indicati gli esemplari determinati dall’autore
con il relativo anno; gli altri autori determinatori vengono citati per esteso. Per
evitare confusione nella lettura della data di cattura dell’esemplare, viene
riportato prima il mese in cifre romane, poi il giorno e l’ anno in cifre arabe.
In appendice al testo vengono riassunti tutti i dati in un quadro sinottico (tab.
1).
Materiale
Proxylocopa (Proxylocopa) olivieri (Lepeletier, 1841)
IF, Dodecaneso, Isola Rodi, Villanova, 25 IV 1934, (P) V-98. –3F, Dode-
caneso, Isola Rodi, Villanova, 25 V 1934, (P) V-98. – IM, Dodecaneso, Isola
Rodi, Villanova, 16 VI 1934, (P) V-18.
Xylocopa (Copoxyla) iris (Christ, 1791)
IF, Grecia Centrale, Monti Akarnanikà, Vatos, 2 VI 1922, (MM), Pagliano
G. leg., Pagliano det. 1992 (700 m) – 1F, Arcipelago Ionie, Isola Lefkas, Sivros,
4 VII 1998, (OA), Osella G. leg., V-98 (400 m). – 1F, Arcipelago Ionie, Isola
Lefkas, Platistoma, 12 VII 1998, (OA), Osella G. leg., V-98 – (800 m). – 1F,
Arcipelago Cicladi, Isola Santorini, Perissa, 30 VIII 1988, (OA), Osella G.
leg., V-98 – 2M, Creta, Iraklion, Parthenion, 24 IV 1971, (ZR), Cerruti M.
leg., V-98. – 1F, Dodecaneso, Isola Rodi, (B), V-97. – 1M, Dodecaneso, Isola
Karpathos Stes., III 22 1989, 9OA), Bologna M. leg., V-98 (400 m). – IM,
Dodecaneso, Isola Rodi, VIII 17 1954, (P), V0-98. – 3M, Dodecaneso, Isola
VICIDOMINI: XYLOCOPINI IN GRECIA 305
goulandri303s320 6-03-07 11:45 ™ÂÏ›‰·305
Rodi, Villanova II 1929, (P), V-98, (S.c.) – 2F, Dodecaneso, Isola Rodi, Vil-
lanova, II 1929, (P), V-98, (S.c.).
Xylocopa (Xylocopa) valga Gerstaecker, 1872
1M, Grecia Centrale, Monte Parnassos, Viotia, 29 IV 1984, (ZR), Zap-
paroli A. leg., V-98 (1210 m.) – 1M, Macedonia, Kozani (Monte Pieria), 7 VIII
1973, (BAC), La Greca M. leg., V-97 (1700 m; S.c.). – 2F, Macedonia,
Litòhoron, Katerini, 26 VII 1984, (OA), Osella G. leg., V-98. – 1M, Macedo-
nia, Seres, Promahonas, 15 VI 1992, (MM), (Spedizione Boffa, Giachino,
Scaramozzino, Vailati), Pagliano det. 1993. – 1F, Tessaglia, Meteora, 15 VII
1998, (OA), Osella G. leg., V-98 (700 m).
Xylocopa (Xylocopa) violacea (Linné, 1758)
1F, Epiro, Ioannina: Zagoria, Asfago (dintorni), 19 VIII 1982, (ZR),
Bruno S. leg., V-98 (450 m). – 1F, Epiro, Nikopoli (dintorni), Preveza, 28 VI
1997, (OA), Osella G. leg., V-98. – IM, Grecia (localita non specificata), (S),
V-96, (S.c.) – 1M, Grecia Centrale, Monti Akarnanikà, Vatos, 2 VI 1992,
(MM), Pagliano G. leg., Pagliano det. 1993, (700 m.) – 2F, Grecia Centrale,
Monte Parnassos, Viotia, 29 IV 1984, Zapparoli A. leg., V-98, (1210 m). –1F,
Macedonia, Kozani sul Monte Pieria, 7 VIII 1973, (BAC), La Greca M. leg.,
V-97. –1F, Macedonia, Leptokaria, VI 9 1992, (MM), (Spedizione Boffa,
Giachino, Scaramozzino, Vailati), Pagliano det. 1994. – 1F, Macedonia, Lep-
tokarià, 9 VI 1992, (MM), Pagliano G. leg., Pagliano det. 1993. – IF, Macedo-
nia, Litòhoron, Katerini, VII 26 1984, (OA), Osella G. Leg., V-98. – 1F, Mace-
donia, Pieria Ori Ritini, 10 VI 1992, (MM), Pagliano G. leg., Pagliano det.
1993 (1000 m). – 1M, Peloponneso, Monte Panakhaikon, Monte
Panakhaikon, Patrasso, 19 VIII 1973, (BAC), La Creta M. & Messina leg., V-
97 (1600 m). – 1F, Peloponneso, Monti Killini, Trikala, 17 VIII 1973, (BAC),
La Greca M. leg., V-97 (1150 m). – 1F,Tessaglia, Monte Olimpo, 10 VIII 1973,
(BAC), La Greca M. & Messina leg., V-97 (1750-1950 M.) – 1F, Tessaglia,
Volos, (S), V-96. – 1F, Arcipelago Ionie, Isola Lefkas, Agios Donatos, 30 VI
1997, (OA), Osella G. leg., V-98 (800 m). – 17F+1M, Arcipelago Ionie, Isola
Lefkas, Platistoma, 12 VII 1988, (OA), Osella G. leg., V-98 (800 m.) –1F,
Arcipelago ionie, Isola Lefkas, Sivota Oliveto, 2 VII 1998, (OA), Osella G. leg.
V-98. – 14F, Arcipelago Ionie, Isola Lefkas, Sivros, 4 VII 1998, (OA), Osella
G. leg., V-98 (400 m.) – 1F, Arcipelago lonie, Isola Lefkas, Sivros 4 VII 1998,
(OA), Osella G. leg. V-98 (400 m; S.c) – 1F, Creta, 1982 VII, (M), Filippazi
306 ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS 11. 2006
goulandri303s320 6-03-07 11:45 ™ÂÏ›‰·306
M. leg., V-97. – 1F, Creta, Gournia, Ag. Nikolaos, 22 IV 1971, (ZR), Cerruti
M. leg., V-98. – IM, Creta, Iraklion, Panagia 2 V 1971, (ZR), Cerruti M. leg.,
V-98 (700 m). – 1M, Creta, Iraklion, Parthenion, 24 IV 1971, (ZR), Cerruti M.
leg., V-98 (400 m). – 2F, Dodecaneso, Isola di Rodi, Litorale Nord (Trianda),
5 V 1938, (ZR), C.N.R., Tralcu det. 1959. – 1F, Dodecaneso, Isola Karpathos
Stes., 2 IX 1988, (OA), Osella G. leg., V-98 (500 m). – 1M, Dodecaneso, Isola
Rodi, Villanova 10 III 1934, (P), V-98, (S.c.) – 1M, Dodecaneso, Isola Rodi,
Villanova, 15 III 1934, (P), V-98, (S.c.).
Discussione
Dai dati raccolti dagli 85 esemplari elencati in questo secondo contributo
(tab. 1) viene confermata la larghissima diffusione in Grecia di X. violacea,
apportando nuove segnalazioni locali per le regioni seguenti: Epiro, Grecia
Centrale, Macedonia, Peloponneso, Tessaglia; viene anche confermata la
grande diffusione sui principali arcipelaghi (Ionie, Creta, Dodecaneso)
(Vicidomini 1999). Le altre tre specie sono invece molto piùrare o comunque
molto meno consistenti nelle collezioni sin qui esaminate (Vicidomini, 1999);
X. iris oltre che in un nuovo sito della Grecia Centrale viene anche segnalata
negli arcipelaghi Ionie, Cicladi, Creta, Dodecaneso, incrementando notevol-
mente la segnalazioni sul territorio greco insulare; X. valga viene invece seg-
nalata anche per la Tessaglia (Vicidomini, 1999). Con gli esemplari di P.
olivieri provenienti da Rodi si estende l’ areale insulare di tale specie anche
alle isole del Dodecaneso oltre che alle giànote Cicladi (Vicidomini, 1999).
Ringraziamenti
Vengono ringraziati i direttori ed i curatori di entomologia degli istituti e
musei elencati, nonchè i proprietari delle collezioni private consulate, per l’
insostituibile collaborazione. Un ringraziamento particolare va ai professori
G. Osella e G. Campadelli, senza l’ aiuto dei quali sarebbe stato molto più
arduo realizzare tale studio. Si ringrazia per la consulenza linguistica G.
Amore (Nocera Inferiore).
VICIDOMINI: XYLOCOPINI IN GRECIA 307
goulandri303s320 6-03-07 11:45 ™ÂÏ›‰·307
BIBLIOGRAFIA
Vicidomini S., 1996. Biologia di Xylocopa (Xylocopa) violacea (L., 1758)
(Hymenoptera: Apidae): interazione con Sennertia (Sennertia) carambycina (Acari:
Chaetodactylidae). Boll. Zool. Agr. Bachicult. Ser. II, Milano 28 (1): 71-76.
Vicidomini S., 1998a Xylocopini (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Xylocopinae) presenti nelle
collezioni entomologiche italiane: I Musei minori di Piemonte e Lombardia. Riv.
Piem. St. Nat., 19: 443-450.
Vicidomini S., 1998b Xylocopini (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Xylocopinae) presenti nelle
collezioni entomologiche italiane: le collezioni minori della Campania. Boll. Soc.,
Natur. Napoli, 104: in stampa.
Vicidomini S., 1999. Distribuzione della trib
ú
Xylocopini (Hymenoptera: Apidae:
Xylocopinae) in Grecia: il materiale del Museo Goulandris di Storia Naturale,
Kifissia (Attiki: Grecia). Ann. Musei Goulandris 10: 253-259.
Vicidomini S., & Campadelli G., 1998. Xylocopini (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Xylo-
copinae) presenti nelle collezioni entomologiche italiane: le collezioni non uni-
versitarie dell’ Emilia Romagna. Ann. Mus. Civ. Sto. Nat. Ferrara, 1: 77-82.
RIASSUNTO
Al fine di studiare gli Xylocopini (Hymenoptera: Apidae) della Grecia
sono state visionate 59 collezioni entomologiche italiane contenenti Xylocopi-
ni. Le seguenti specie sono state determinate: Proxylocopa olivieri (5 esem-
plari; regione; Dodecaneso), Xylocopa iris (14: Grecia Centrale, Cicladi, Ionie,
Creta, Dodecaneso), X. valga (6; Grecia Centrale, Madeconia, Tessaglia), X.
violacea (60; Epiro, Grecia Centrale, Macedonia, Peloponneso, Tessaglia,
Dodecaneso, Ionie, Creta).
Tabella 1. Quadro sinottico degli Xylocopini dei musei italiani esaminati.
REGIONE P. olivieri X. iris X. valga X. violacea TOTALE
Grecia (senza localitá)– – – 1 1
Arcipelago Cicladi – 1 – – 1
Arcipelago Dodecanneso 5 8 – 5 18
Arcipelago Ionie – 2 – 35 37
Creta – 2 – 4 6
Epiro – – – 2 2
308 ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS 11. 2006
goulandri303s320 6-03-07 11:45 ™ÂÏ›‰·308
Grecia Centrale – 1 1 4 6
Macedonia – – 4 5 9
Peloponneso – – – 2 2
Tessaglia – – 1 2 3
TOTALE 5 14 6 60 85
VICIDOMINI: XYLOCOPINI IN GRECIA 309
Address of the author:
Salvatore Vicidomini, Via Vincenzo Velardi, 10-84014 Nocera Inferiore, Salerno, Italy.
e-mail: xylocopini@eMAIL.COM.
goulandri303s320 6-03-07 11:45 ™ÂÏ›‰·309
goulandri303s320 6-03-07 11:45 ™ÂÏ›‰·310
Distribuzione della tribúXylocopini (Hymenoptera: Apidae:
Xylocopinae) in Grecia: Specie africane segnalate sull’ Isola
di Zante
S
ALVATORE
V
ICIDOMINI
Abstract
Vicidomini, S. 2006 Distribution of the tribe Xylocopini (Hymenoptera: Apidae:
Xylocopinae) in Greece: African species recorded on the island of Zante (Zakyn-
thos) Ann. Musei Goulandris 11: 311-314.
Two new Xylocopini (Apidae) species for the European fauna are recorded by
means of four museum specimens of the second half of the 19th century: Xylocopa
(Afroxylocopa) nigrita and (Koptortosoma) caffra, on Zante (Greece) X. nigrita was
also collected in Cádiz (Spain).
¶ÂÚ›ÏË„Ë
Vicidomini, S. 2006. H ηٷÓÔÌ‹ ÙˆÓ Xylocopini (Hymenoptera: Apidae:
Xylocopinae) ÛÙËÓ ∂ÏÏ¿‰·: Ù· ‰Â›ÁÌ·Ù· Ù˘ πÙ·ÏÈ΋˜ ÂÓÙÔÌÔÏÔÁÈ΋˜ Û˘ÏÏÔÁ‹˜.
Ann. Musei Goulandris 11: 311-314.
™ÙËÓ ·ÚÔ‡Û· ÂÚÁ·Û›· ÂÚÈÁÚ¿ÊÔÓÙ·È ‰‡Ô Ó¤· ›‰Ë Xylocopini (Apidae) ÁÈ· ÙËÓ
·Ó›‰· Ù˘ ∂˘ÚÒ˘, ‚·ÛÈṲ̂ӷ Û ٤ÛÛÂÚ· ‰Â›ÁÌ·Ù· ÙÔ˘ ªÔ˘Û›Ԣ ·fi ÙÔÓ 19Ô
·ÈÒÓ·: ÙÔ Xylocopa (Afroxylocopa) nigrita Î·È ÙÔ X. (Koptortosoma) caffra ·fi ÙËÓ
∑¿Î˘ÓıÔ (∂ÏÏ¿‰·). ΔÔ Â›‰Ô˜ X. nigrita ¤¯ÂÈ Û˘Ïϯı› Î·È ·fi ÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ Cádiz
(πÛ·Ó›·).
Ann. Musei Goulandris 11: 311-314.2006
goulandri303s320 6-03-07 11:45 ™ÂÏ›‰·311
Introduzione
In questo breve contributo, in base all’ analisi di reperti storici museali
appartenenti alla tribúXylocopini (Apidae), si segnalano per la prima volta in
Europa mediterranea, Grecia e Spagna, due specie tipicamente distribuite nel
Reame Etiopico.
Metodi
I quattro esemplari oggetto delle due segnalazioni sono custoditi nei
seguenti istituti italiani: due esemplari nel Museo Civico di Storia Naturale G.
Doria, Genova (MD); due esemplari nel Museo Zoologico dell’ Universitá
Federico II, Napoli (MF). Per gli esemplari MF si riportano anche i dati pre-
senti nei cataloghi originali e relativa bibliografia.
Xylocopa (Afroxylocopa) nigrita (Fabricius, 1775)
1M, Grecia, Isole Ionie, Isola Zante (Zakinthos), Magretti P. leg., Maa
det., 1968 (MD).
1M, Spagna Cadice [Cádiz], 1872-1875, (n. cat. 8555) (Costa, 1866) (MF).
Xylocopa (Afroxylocopa) nigrita (Fabricius, 1775) var. nigripars (Leveque,
1933)
1F, Spagna, Cadice [Cádiz], 1845-1872 (n. cat. 8555) (Costa, 1866) (MF).
Xylocopa (Koptortosoma) caffra (Linne, 1767)
1F, Grecia, Isole Ionie, Isola Zante (Zakynthos) Magretti P. leg., Maa det.,
1968 (MD).
Discussione
I quattro esemplari sono stati catturati nella seconda metàdel 1800, come
si evince sia dalle date di registrazione nel catalogo degli esemplari MF
(Costa, 1886) che dalla vita di P. Magretti, attivo raccoglitore proprio in quei
decenni (Conci & Poggi, 1996; Poggi & Conci, 1996). La presenza di queste
due specie in Europa mediterranea è molto interessante in quanto distribuite
su larga parte del Reame Etiopico (Eardley, 1983, 1987); pertanto la seg-
nalazione dell’ Isola di Zante (Zakynthos) sulla quale era nota storicamente
312 ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS 11. 2006
goulandri303s320 6-03-07 11:45 ™ÂÏ›‰·312
solo X. violacea (L.) (Hammer, 1938, 1939; Priore, 1989), si colloca ampia-
mente a nord del loro areale odierno. Una serie di prove fanno supporre che
i due reperti siano autentici: a) il tipo di cartellino è originale e conforme a
quello degli altri cartellini della collezione P. Magretti; b) non si tratta di un
caso isolato ma di due cartellini corrispondenti a due esemplari; c) l’ autore
della collezione originaria P. Magretti, era un’ entomologo-raccoglitore di
indubbia precisione; d) le due specie si differenziano fortemente dalle specie
autoctone europee. Pertanto i due reperti dell’ Isola di Zante dovrebbero
essere considerati autentici ma eccezionali. Probabilmente tali esemplari sono
pervenuti sull’ isola accidentalmente per cause metereologiche (tempesta)
oppure antropiche (importazione di legnami in cui erano presenti nidi), come
è stato ipotizzato giáper altre specie di Xylocopini (Hurd, 1958, 1963; Mich-
ener, 1979). Per la segnalazione iberica valgono le medesime considerazioni,
ulteriormente avvalorate sia dal riscontro bibliografico dei due esemplari
(Costa, 1866) che dalla notevole vicinanza tra Cadice ed il Marocco.
Bibliografia
Conci C. & Poggi R., 1996. Iconography of italian entomologists, with essential biog-
raphical data. Mem. Soc. Entomol. Ital., Genova, 75: 159-382.
Costa A., 1886. Acquisti fatti durante l’ anno 1863. Ann. Mus. Zool. Reale Univ.
Napoli, (1863) 3 (1): 8-41.
Eardley C.D., 1983. A taxonomic revision of the genus Xylocopa Latreille
(Hymenoptera: Anthophoridae) in southern Africa. Entomol. Mem. Dept. Agric.
Wat. Suppl. Rep. South Afr., 58: iii+1-67.
Eardley C.D., 1987. Catalog of Apoidea (Hymenoptera) in Africa sound of the
Sahara. Part I: The genus Xylocopa Latreille (Anthophoridae). Entomol. Mem.
Dept. Agric. Wat. Suppl. Rep. South Afr., 70: iii+1-20
Hammer J., 1938/1939. Hymenopteren bestimmt von Hauptemann J. Hammer nach
Zante. Verh. Zool. Bot. Gesell. Wien, 88/89: 170-171.
Hurd P.D., 1958. The carpenter bees of the eastern Pacific Oceanic islands.
(Hymenoptera: Apoidea). J. Kansas Entomol. Soc., 31 (4): 249-255.
Hurd P.D., Moure J.S., 1963. A classification of the large carpenter bees (Xylocopi-
ni) (Hym.: Apoidea). Univ. California Publ. Entomol., 29: 1-365.
Michener C.D., 1979. Biogeography of the bees. Ann. Missouri Bot. Garden, 66 (3):
277-347.
Poggi R. & Conci C., 1996. Elenco delle collezioni entomologiche conservate nelle
struttere pubbliche italiane. Mem. Soc. Entomol. Ital., Genova, 75: 3-158.
VICIDOMINI: XYLOCOPINI IN GRECIA 313
goulandri303s320 6-03-07 11:45 ™ÂÏ›‰·313
Priore R., 1989. La collezione degli Apoidea (Hymenoptera) dell’ Istituto di Ento-
mologia agraria di Portici – X – Coelioxys Latr. (Megachilidae), Xylocopa Latr.,
Ceratina Latr. (Xylocopidae). Boll. Lab. Zool. Gen. Agr. Sc. Sup. Agric. Portici, 46:
31-44.
314 ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS 11. 2006
Address of the author:
Salvatore Vicidomini: Via Velardi, 10 – 84014 Noccra Inferiore – SA – ITALY
e-mail: xylocopini@eMAIL-COM
goulandri303s320 6-03-07 11:45 ™ÂÏ›‰·314
Distribuzione della tribúXylocopini
(Hymenoptera: Apidae: Xylocopinae) in Grecia
Xylocopa (Xylocopa) violacea (Linné, 1758) var. nov. funereipennis
S
ALVATORE
V
ICIDOMINI
Abstract
Vicidomini, S. 2006 Distribution of the tribe Xylocopini carpenter bees
(Hymenoptera: Apidae: Xylocopinae) in Greece: Xylocopa (Xylocopa) violacea
(Linné, 1758) var. n. funereipennis Ann. Musei Goulandris 11: 315-319.
A new Xylocopa (Xylocopa) violacea (Linné, 1758) (Apidae: Xylocopini) variety is
described from 5 females. Var. funereipennis is characterized by very little colourless
wing iridescence.
¶ÂÚ›ÏË„Ë
Vicidomini, S. 2006. H ηٷÓÔÌ‹ ÙˆÓ Xylocopini (Hymenoptera: Apidae
Xylocopinae) ÛÙËÓ ∂ÏÏ¿‰·: Xylocopa (Xylocop·) violacea (Linné, 1758) var. nov.
funereipennis. Ann. Musei Goulandris 11: 315-319.
ª›· Ó¤· ÔÈÎÈÏ›· ÙÔ˘ ›‰Ô˘˜ Xylocopa (Xylocopa) violacea (Linné, 1758) (Apidae:
Xylocopini) ÂÚÈÁÚ¿ÊÂÙ·È ·fi ÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ¶ÔÏÈÙÈο ∂‡‚ÔÈ·˜, ÛÙËÓ ∂ÏÏ¿‰· (5 ıËÏ˘-
ο). ∏ ÔÈÎÈÏ›· funereipennis ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚ›˙ÂÙ·È ·fi ÏÈÁfiÙÂÚÔ ¤ÓÙÔÓÔ ÈÚȉÈÛÌfi ÛÙȘ Ù¤-
Ú˘Á˜ Î·È Ì ÏÈÁfiÙÂÚ˜ ·Ô¯ÚÒÛÂȘ.
Ann. Musei Goulandris 11: 315-319.2006
goulandri303s320 6-03-07 11:45 ™ÂÏ›‰·315
Introduzione
Gli Xylocopini sono una delle numerose tribúin cui è suddivisa la famiglia
Apidae e vi appartengono tre generi: Xylocopa Latreille, 1802; Lestis Lepeletier
& Serville, 1828; Proxylocopa Hedicke, 1938 (Vicidomini, 1997f, 1999). Questo
contributo fa parte di un progetto che ha come scopo fondamentale lo studio
degli Xylocopini della Grecia; tale progetto si articola in diverse linee di ricerca
elencate nella prima parte (vedi: Vicidomini, 1999). Oggetto specifico di tale
contributo è quello di descrivere una nuova varietàdi X. (X) violacea (Linné,
1758).
Metodi
I 5 esemplari su cui si basa la descrizione della nuova varietàsono custoditi
nel Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona (Veneto: Italia), sono stati
esaminati in data X 1998 e vengono individuati con le lettere A-E. II carattere
fondamentale su cui si basa la distinzione tra la nuova varietàe la forma tipica
di X. violacea è la colorazione delle ali per le quali viene descritta la gamma di
iridescenze riflesse/rifratte sotto la luce diretta sia solare che artificiale. Inoltre
sono state rilevate alcune misure/caratteri di base sui 5 esemplari: 1) LT
lunghezza totale, misurata tra i due estremi oro-aborale del corpo; LC lunghez-
za del capo, misurata tra il vertice ed il labbro superiore; LMES lunghezza del
mesosoma, misurato dal margine anteriore del protorace fino al margine pos-
teriore del propodeo; LMET lunghezza del metasoma, misurato dal margine
anteriore del primo somite fino al margine posteriore dell’ ultimo somite; LLA
lunghezza ali anteriori, tegula inclusa; LAP lunghezza delle ali posteriori, tegu-
la esclusa; LgC larghezza massina del capo, misurata tra le genae; LgMES
larghezza del mesosoma tegulae incluse; LgMET larghezza massima del meta-
soma; SC lunghezza dello scapo antennale; FI lunghezza del primo flagellom-
ero antennale; FII-IV lunghezza totale dei flagellomeri II+III+IV; FV-X
lunghezza totale dei flagellomeri V-X; BASITP lunghezza del basitarso poste-
riore; RBT numero di file di denteli tegumentari sul piatto basitibiale; VF>I
colore del ventre dei flagellomeri successivi al I (R=rossastri).
Xylocopa (Xylocopa) violacea (Linné, 1758) var. n. funereipennis.
Le 5 femmine sono state catturate in Grecia, sull’ Isola Eubea in località
Politikà, il 30 giugno 1984 da Alberto Sette. Lo stato di conservazione è dis-
316 ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS 11. 2006
goulandri303s320 6-03-07 11:45 ™ÂÏ›‰·316
creto. Morfologicamente sono perfettamente riconducibili alla specie X. vio-
lacea (L.) ad eccezione del colore delle ali che viene di seguito descritto. Il col-
ore dalle ali non subisce variazioni significative quando vengono esaminate
sotto luce diretta solare ed artificiale.
Il colore di base delle ali è marrone-grigiastro; inclinandole leggermente
sotto la fonte luminosa compaiono tenui e poco brillanti riflessi metallici blù
e rosei; I dué colori appaiono come semplici riflessi molto localizzati, quasi
puntiformi e frammistri, non come aree alari dalla colorazione ben differenzi-
ata, risultando assente la brillantezza tipica. L’ iridescenza delle ali della forma
tipica di X. violacea è blù-viola e rosa, con limitate quantita di verde all’ apice
delle ali, che in alcuni esemplari puòdiventrare il colore dominante o codom-
inante con gli altri due. Nelle 5 femmine invece i riflessi iridescenti sono come
segue: ex. A) fondamentalmente priva di riflessi iridescenti colorati ben defin-
iti; si puòsolo individuare una generale iridescenza delle ali con riflessi blú
sull’intera superficie alare, tranne sul margine posteriore, ove i riflessi ten-
dono al roseo; ex. B-E) priva di riflessi iridescenti colorati ben definiti; si può
solo individuare una generale iridescenza delle ali (tab. 1).
La colorazione delle ali di numerose altre femmine di X. violacea proveni-
enti dalla Grecia e conservate nel Museo di Verona è stato confrontato con
quello delle 5 femmine e nessuna di esse presentava la colorazione della vari-
etàfunereipennis; inoltre 3 femmine provenienti da Politikà(Sette leg.) e cat-
turate in data 1983 mostrano la tipica colorazione e non quella funereipennis.
Discussione
Le 5 femmine descritte come X. violacea (L.) funereipennis sembrano rap-
presentare una semplice varietàcromatica alare della forma tipica di X. vio-
lacea (L.). Ciòpuòessere dedotto dai seguenti punti: a) in diverse centinaia di
femmine esaminate non è stato mai osservato un simile pattern di colorazione
delle ali; b) in varie femmine greche esaminate non sono stati rilevati pattern
cromatici similari, nemmeno nelle altre femmine catturate nella medesima
località; c) gli altri dati morfometrici e morfologici rientrano perfettamente
nella definizione di X. violacea (vedi: Vicidomini, 1996, 1997a, 1997b, 1997c,
1997e, 1999, 1998a, 1998b, 1998c, Vicidomini & Campadelli, 1998a, 1998b;
Vicidomini & Meloni, 1997). I presupposti per l’ istituzione di una nuova vari-
etàcomunque esistono e sono confermati dalla accentuata diversitàcromati-
ca alare e dal numero significativo di esemplari.
VICIDOMINI: XYLOCOPINI IN GRECIA 317
goulandri303s320 6-03-07 11:45 ™ÂÏ›‰·317
BIBLIOGRAFIA
Vicidomini S., 1996. Xylocopini (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Xylocopinae) presenti nelle
collezioni entomologiche italiane: collezione Giuseppe Lepri. Pagine Mus. Civ.
Ornitol. Sto. Nat. Ravenna, 21: 115-117.
Vicidomini S., 1997a. Xylocopini (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Xylocopinae) presenti nelle
collezioni entomologiche italiane: collezione Paolo Luigioni. Atti. Mus. Sto. Nat.
Maremma, Grosseto, 16: 81-83.
Vicidomini S., 1997b. Xylocopini (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Xylocopinae) presenti nelle
collezioni entomologiche italiane: l’ Istituto di Entomologia Agraria di Milano.
Boll. Zool. Agr. Bachicult. Ser. II, 29 (1): 121-124.
Vicidomini S., 1997b. Xylocopini (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Xylocopinae) presenti nelle
collezioni entomologiche italiane: L’ Instituto di Entomologia Agraria dell’
Universita di Bari. Entomologica, Bari, 31: 167-170.
Vicidomini S., 1997d. Xylocopini (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Xylocopinae) presenti nelle
collezioni entomologiche italiane: il Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Morbeg-
no (Lombardia) Atti Mus. Civ. Sto. Nat. Morbegno (Natur. Valtellinese), 8: 164-
166.
Vicidomini S., 1997e. Xylocopini (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Xylocopinae) presenti nelle
collezioni entomologiche italiane: il Museo Provinciale di Storia Naturale di
Livorno e rassegna delle segnalazioni faunistriche per la Toscana. Atti Soc. Tosc.
Sci. Nat. Ser. B., Pisa, 105: 1-2.
Vicidomini S., 1997f. World bibliography on Xylocopini tribe (Insecta:
(Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Apidae: Xylocopinae) Xylocopa Latreille, 1802; Lestis
Lepeletier & Serville, 1828; Proxylocopa Hedicke, 1938. La Nuova Legatoria, Cava
De’ Tirreni (SA).
Vicidomini S., 1998a. Xylocopini (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Xylocopinae) presenti nelle
collezioni entomologiche italiane: I Musei minori di Piemonte e Lombardia. Riv.
Piem. St. Nat., 19: 443-450.
Vicidomini S., 1998b. Xylocopini (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Xylocopinae) presenti nelle
collezioni entomologiche italiane: le collezioni minori della Campania. Boll. Soc.
Natur. Napoli, 104: in stampa.
Vicidomini S., 1998c. Xylocopini (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Xylocopinae) presenti nelle
collezioni entomologiche italiane: il Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Verona. I.
Boll. Mus. Civ. Sto. Nat. Verona, 22: 221-227.
Vicidomini S., 1999. Distribuzione della tribùXylocopini (Hymenoptera: Apidae:
Xylocopinae) in Grecia: il materiale del Museo Goulandris di Storia Naturale,
Kifissia (Attiki: Grecia). Ann. Mus. Goulandris. 10: 253-259.
Vicidomini S., Campadelli G., 1998a. Xylocopini presenti nelle collezioni entomo-
318 ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS 11. 2006
goulandri303s320 6-03-07 11:45 ™ÂÏ›‰·318
logiche italiane: l’ Istituto dei Entomologia “Guido Grandi” di Bologna (Insecta:
Hymenoptera: Apidae). Quad. Stu. Natur. Romagna. Cesena, 9: 43-46.
Vicidomini S., Campadelli G., 1998b. Xylocopini presenti nelle collezioni entomo-
logiche italiane: il Museo “Pietro Zangheri” per lo Studio Naturalistico della
Romagna (Verona – Palazzo Cobetti) (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Apidae). Quad.
Stu. Natur. Romagna. Cesena, 9: 47-48.
Vicidomini S., Meloni C., 1997. Xylocopini (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Xylocopinae)
presenti nelle collezioni entomologiche italiane: le collezioni della Sardegna. Ann.
Mus. Civ. Rovereto, Sez. Arc. St. Sci. Nat., 13: 137-142.
RIASSUNTO
Una nuova varietàdi Xylocopa (Xylocopa) violacea (Linné, 1758) (Apidae:
Xylocopini) viene descritta da Eubea, Politika (5 femmine). Var. funereipennis
è caratterizzata da iridescenze alari estremamente esigue e non colorate.
Tabella 1. Misure e caratteri rilevati sulle 5 femmine tipiche di
X. violacea var. nov. funereipennis (in mm approssimate a 0.05).
E
X
LT LC LM
ES
LM
ET
LAA LAP L
G
CL
G
M
ES
S
C
FI FII-IV FV-X B
ASIT
P PBT
VF>I
A 22.4 6.9 8.4 11.0 20.4 15.4 7.85 9.4 9.6 3.3 1.05 1.15 2.7 5,8 2
R
B 21.9 6.6 8.15 10.8 21.0 14.6 7.5 9.4 9.6 3.2 1.05 1.10 2.7 5.3 2
R
C 20.4 6.6 7.9 97.0 21.6 15.3 7.7 9.9 9.8 3.1 0.95 1.00 2.7 5.6 2
R
D 23.5 6.5 8.2 11/5 21.7 13.9 7.4 8.7 9.3 3.0 1.05 1.05 2.8 5.0 2
R
E 21.8 6.3 8.1 10.1 20.9 14.7 7.2 8.4 9.0 3.0 0.95 1.00 2.7 5.7 2
R
VICIDOMINI: XYLOCOPINI IN GRECIA 319
Address of the author:
Salvatore Vicidomini, Via Vincenzo Velardi, 10-84014 Nocera Inferiore, Salerno, Italy.
e-mail: xylocopini@eMAIL-COM
goulandri303s320 6-03-07 11:45 ™ÂÏ›‰·319
goulandri303s320 6-03-07 11:45 ™ÂÏ›‰·320
Pleistocene Polyplacophoran species from Perachora Peninsula
(Corinth, Greece)
B
RUNO DELL
’A
NGELO
&
G
ALATIA
-E
VDOXIA
V
ARDALA
-T
HEODOROU
Key words: Mollusca, Polyplacophora, Pleistocene, Neotyrrhenian, Marine terraces,
Perachora, Greece.
Abstract
Dell’Angelo, B. & Vardala-Theodorou, G. E. 2006. Pleistocene Polyplacophoran
species from Perachora Peninsula. (Corinth, Greece). Ann. Musei Goulandris 11:
321-339.
This study refers to fossil Polyplacophora that have been collected during an
extensive study of the molluscan fauna of the Pleistocene marine terraces of Pera-
chora peninsula near Loutraki in Greece (Vardala-Theodorou, 1998). At section F.93
valves have been collected from three Polyplacophoran species belonging to Callo-
chiton septemvalvis (Montagu, 1803), Chiton olivaceus Spengler, 1797 and Acantho-
chitona fascicularis (Linnaeus, 1767). The accompanying fauna of the fossiliferous sec-
tion F.93 includes 97 species of Bivalvia, Gastropoda and Scaphopoda. Section F.93,
at a height of about 30 metrs above Mean Sea Level, is best correlated with the fos-
siliferous section F.110 that has given absolute dates ranging from 69 +/-11 Ka to 91
+/- 20 Ka by ESR, Electronic Spin Resonance or TL, Thermoluminence methods in
NCSR-Demokritos. (Zacharias et al 1998. Michael et al 1998). The species Chiton oli-
vaceus Spengler, 1797 and Acanthochitona fascicularis (Linnaeus, 1767) have also been
also collected from the fossiliferous section F.20 at heights of less than 3 m. Molluscs
from F.20 have been dated by E.S.R. at 78 +/- 13 Ka. The marine sediments of F.93
Ann. Musei Goulandris 11: 321-339.2006
goulandri321s340 6-03-07 11:45 ™ÂÏ›‰·321
have been uplifted due to tectonic activity in the area. All these Polyplacophoran
species have not been described previously for the Upper Pleistocene in Greece.
¶ÂÚ›ÏË„Ë
Dell’Angelo B. & μ·Ú‰·Ï¿ - £ÂÔ‰ÒÚÔ˘ °. ∂. 2006. ¶ÏÂÈÛÙÔηÈÓÈο ›‰Ë ¶ÔÏ˘Ï·-
ÎÔÊfiÚˆÓ ·fi ÙË ¯ÂÚÛfiÓËÛÔ ¶ÂÚ·¯ÒÚ·˜ (∫fiÚÈÓıÔ˜, ∂ÏÏ¿‰·). Ann. Musei
Goulandris 11: 321-339.
∫·Ù¿ ÙËÓ ÂÎÙÂÓ‹ ÌÂϤÙË ÙˆÓ ¶ÏÂÈÛÙÔηÈÓÈÎÒÓ ·Ó·‚·ıÌ›‰ˆÓ Ù˘ ¯ÂÚÛÔÓ‹ÛÔ˘
¶ÂÚ·¯ÒÚ·˜ ÛÙÔ §Ô˘ÙÚ¿ÎÈ Ù˘ ∫ÔÚ›ÓıÔ˘ ·fi ÙËÓ Vardala-Theodorou (1998)
Û˘ÏϤ¯ıËÎ·Ó ÛÙËÓ ·ÔÏÈıˆÌ·ÙÔÊfiÚÔ ÙÔÌ‹ F. 93 ı˘Ú›‰Â˜ ¶ÔÏ˘Ï·ÎÔÊfiÚˆÓ Ô˘
·Ó‹ÎÔ˘Ó ÛÙ· ›‰Ë Callochiton septemvalvis (Montagu,1803), Chiton olivaceus Spengler,
1797 Î·È Acanthochitona fascicularis (Linnaeus, 1767). Δ· ›‰Ë ·˘Ù¿ ‰ÂÓ ¤¯Ô˘Ó
·Ó·ÊÂÚı› Í·Ó¿ ÁÈ· ÙÔ ¶ÏÂÈÛÙfiηÈÓÔ Ù˘ ∂ÏÏ¿‰Ô˜. ∏ Û˘ÓÔ‰fi˜ ·Ó›‰· ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ
97 ›‰Ë ¢›ı˘Ú·, °·ÛÙÂÚfiÔ‰· Î·È ™Î·ÊfiÔ‰·. ∏ ÙÔÌ‹ F. 93 Û ˘„fiÌÂÙÚÔ 30m ·fi
ÙË ÛÙ¿ıÌË Ù˘ ı¿Ï·ÛÛ·˜ Û˘Û¯ÂÙ›˙ÂÙ·È Ì ÙËÓ ÙÔÌ‹ F. 110 Ô˘ ÌÂÙ¿ ·fi ¯ÚÔÓÔÏÔÁ‹ÛÂȘ
·fiÏ˘ÙˆÓ ËÏÈÎÈÒÓ ª·Ï·Î›ˆÓ ÂÏ‹ÊıËÛ·Ó ÙÈ̤˜ ·fi 69 +/-11 Ka ¤ˆ˜ 91 +/- 20 Ka . √È
·fiÏ˘Ù˜ ËÏÈ˘ ÌÂÙÚ‹ıËÎ·Ó Ì ÙË Ì¤ıÔ‰Ô ESR, Electronic Spin Resonance Î·È TL,
Thermoluminence ÛÙÔ ∂∫∂º∂-¢ËÌfiÎÚÈÙÔ˜. Δ· ›‰Ë Chiton olivaceus Spengler, 1797
and Acanthochitona fascicularis (Linnaeus, 1767) Û˘ÏϤ¯ıËÎ·Ó Â›Û˘ ·fi ÙËÓ
·ÔÏÈıˆÌ·ÙÔÊfiÚÔ ÙÔÌ‹ F.20 Û ·fiÏ˘ÙÔ ˘„fiÌÂÙÚÔ ÏÈÁfiÙÂÚÔ ·fi 3 m. ª·Ï¿ÎÈ· ·fi
ÙËÓ F.20 ¯ÚÔÓÔÏÔÁ‹ıËÎ·Ó Ì ÙË Ì¤ıÔ‰Ô ESR Î·È ¤‰ˆÛ·Ó ·fiÏ˘ÙË ËÏÈΛ· 78 +/- 13 Ka.
Δ· ·ÔÏÈıˆÌ·ÙÔÊfiÚ· ı·Ï¿ÛÛÈ· È˙‹Ì·Ù· Ù˘ ÙÔÌ‹˜ F.93 ¤¯Ô˘Ó ·Ó˘„ˆı› ÛÙÔ ÛËÌÂÚÈÓfi
ÙÔ˘˜ ˘„fiÌÂÙÚÔ ÏfiÁˆ Ù˘ ÙÂÎÙÔÓÈ΋˜ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ·˜ ÛÙË ÂÚÈÔ¯‹.
πntroduction
The study area
The study area (Fig. 1) is located on the Perachora Peninsula of mainland
Greece, a region well known for its strong tectonic activity and its seismicity.
It is in the province of Corinth, and is situated northwest of the town of
Loutraki at 38
Ô
1′-38
Ô
3′¡ and 22
Ô
51′- 22
Ô
55′S. The very rich fossiliferous
Pleistocene marine sections (more than 30 sections at heights varying from 0
to 100 m) have been studied by Vardala-Theodorou (1998) and their fossil
fauna has been compared with the recent marine Molluscs of the “Perachora,
Vouliagmeni Limni”. Only at two fossiliferous sections of the Perachora
peninsula (F.93 and F.20) were we able to collect Polyplacophoran valves.
322 ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS 11. 2006
goulandri321s340 6-03-07 11:45 ™ÂÏ›‰·322
Fig. 1: Location map.
Polyplacophora in the Greek Pleistocene
From our knowledge, the first record of fossil Polyplacophora in the Greek
Pleistocene was made by De Rochebrune in 1883. He reported Lepidopleurus
cajetanus (Poli, 1791) from the island of Rhodes (“Une valve postérieure un peu
fruste, mais parfaitement déterminable, nous a été communiquée par M. le Dr.
Fischer”). This record is also reported by Malatesta (1962) in the distribution
of Lepidopleurus cajetanus in Pleistocene layers (Upper Pleistocene: RhÔdes).
DELL’ANGELO&VARDALA-THEODOROU:PLEISTOCENE POLYPLACOPHORA 323
goulandri321s340 6-03-07 11:45 ™ÂÏ›‰·323
Stratigraphy and tectonics of the area
Geologically the study area belongs to the Unit of Gerania-Perachora
although many geologists accept that it belongs to the Zone of Eastern Greece
or Subpelagonic Zone (Mariolakos, 1975). The wider area includes alpine and
post-alpine sediments. The latest ones include sandstones, marls and gravels
of the Pliocene and Quaternary periods. The marine quaternary terraces have
been studied in the past by Mitzopoulos (1933), Philippson (1950) Imperatori
(1962), Keraudren (1970), Schroeder (1970), Schroeder & Kelletat (1976),
Vita –Fingi &King (1985), Pirazzoli et al (1993, 1994), and others.
The fauna of the marine terraces has been studied in respect to its height
above MSL. The combination of the biostratigraphical methods and absolute
dating methods and presence – absence dendrograms has allowed a better
understanding of the geological evolution and the paleogeographical evolu-
tion and tectonism of the area. The “Perachora, Vouliagmeni Limni”, regard-
ed today as a lake, is now connected to the sea by an artificial canal that has
been open for about 100 years and which has influenced drastically the benth-
ic fauna of the lake. The fossiliferous section F.93 is situated on the land zone
that separates the gulf of Corinth from “Perachora, Vouliagmeni Limni”. Sec-
tion F.20 is situated at the Temple of Hera. The land mass that separates the
lake from the open sea has been tectonically uplifted and it is clear that at peri-
ods of high sea level during the Pleistocene period it acted as a barrier reef. Its
fauna list is one of the richest in the area.
Material And Methods
At the 100 sampling sites of Perachora, Vouliagmeni Limni, 207 recent
Molluscs species were collected including four recent Polyplacophoran
species. Within the wider area sampling took place also at 30 fossiliferous sec-
tions at heights from 0 to 100 m. It was possible to collect 262 fossil species
(111 Bivalvia species and 143 Gastropoda species, 3 Polyplacophora and 5
Scaphopoda species). At section F.93 it was possible to collect 58 Bivalvia
species, 35 Gastropoda, 4 Scaphopoda and 55 valves of Polyplacophora
belonging to 3 species (see Appendix). At section F.20 it was possible to col-
lect 26 Bivalvia species, 22 Gastropoda, and 15 valves of Polyplacophora
belonging to 2 species.
The systematic classification was based on the Catalogue of SIM (Sabelli et
324 ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS 11. 2006
goulandri321s340 6-03-07 11:45 ™ÂÏ›‰·324
al. 1990). The species name in the Appendix is followed by ecological data indi-
cating the relationship of the species with the substratum (Endobionts=,
Epibionts + ) and the feeding types SF, SD, H, C, P, O. We followed the bio-
coenoses of the system of Peres & Picard (1964). It should be noted that the
fauna of section F.93 is mixed. This section includes numerous fossils and just
small quantities of sediment. No clear layers could be observed and the thick-
ness of the layer that has been sampled was not more than 1 m from the foun-
dation of a new house. Due to the building of the house this section is no longer
accessible. The fossiliferous section is situated east of the artificial canal con-
necting the lake with the open sea (Vardala-Theodorou 1998, Fig. 10, Fig. 111).
Fossilization was excellent. Most bivalves were found with both valves still
connected. Quantitatively, the species Pecten jacobaeus, Tellina distorta, Tur-
ritella communis, Plagiocardium papillosum, Pitar rudis, Timoclea ovata, Natica
lactea, Laevicardium oblongum, Glycymeris glycymeris, Clausinella brongniarti
were abundant. Cerithium vulgatum was rare. Species such as Pteria hirundo,
Cavolinia cf. inflexa, Trivia arctica, which were very rare in other sections, were
collected in section F. 93. The sediment was very rich in detritus material. Peb-
bles were rare and sediment was locally very fine. Of the characteristic species
of the warm Pleistocene period, only Natica lactea was present.
At section F. 20 sampling was carried out at the Temple of Hera. The
absolute date (78 +/- 13 Ka) was recorded from specimens from 4 m above
MSL. Of the characteristic species of the warm Pleistocene, Natica lactea was
present. The fauna list from the lower to the higher parts of the sections shows
an increase in depth during deposition, which is due to eustatic sea level rise.
The Polyplacophora valves were photographed at the Goulandris Natural
History Museum using the LEO 435 VP SEM. The material is deposited in the
museum’s collections.
Systematic Palaeontology
We report only an essential synonymy and bibliographical references
regarding each species.
Class POLYPLACOPHORA Gray, 1821
Order NEOLORICATA Bergenhayn, 1955
Suborder ISCHNOCHITONINA Bergenhayn, 1930
Family ISCHNOCHITONIDAE Dall, 1889
Subfamily CALLOCHITONINAE Plate, 1901
DELL’ANGELO&VARDALA-THEODOROU:PLEISTOCENE POLYPLACOPHORA 325
goulandri321s340 6-03-07 11:45 ™ÂÏ›‰·325
Genus Callochiton Gray, 1847
Callochiton septemvalvis (Montagu, 1803)
Chiton septemvalvis Montagu, 1803: 3.
326 ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS 11. 2006
goulandri321s340 6-03-07 11:45 ™ÂÏ›‰·326
Chiton achatinus Brown, 1823: 402.
Chiton euplaeae O.G.Costa, 1829: i,iv, tav.1, fig.3.
Chiton doriae Capellini, 1859: 325, tav.12, fig.2.
Chiton rariplicatus Reuss, 1860: 258, pl.8, figs. 9-11.
Callochiton achatinus euboecus Kattoulas, Koukouras & Economidis, 1973:
22, figs 6-7.
Callochiton laevis – B
ARASH
& D
ANIN
, 1977 : 9, fig. 4. – L
AGHI
, 1977: 108,
tav.2, figs. 14-18. – B
ALUK
, 1984: 290.
Callochiton (C.)achatinus – M
ALATESTA
, 1962: 158, fig. 15.
Callochiton septemvalvis – K
AAS
& V
AN
B
ELLE
, 1985: 11, fig. 2. – D
EL
-
L
’A
NGELO
& F
ORLI
, 1995: 226, figs. 10,17. – D
ELL
’A
NGELO
& S
MRIGLIO
, 1999:
125, figs 55-63, pls. 40-41. – D
ELL
’A
NGELO
et al., 2001: 147, fig. 10.
Callochiton septemvalvis euplaeae – S
TRACK
, 1988: 76.
Callochiton euplaeae – G
AGLINI
, 1985: XI, tav. 4, fig. 4; tav. 8, figs. 5-6; tav.
9, figs. 1-2.
Callochiton rariplicatus – B
ALUK
, 1971: 461, pl. 5, figs. 1-5.
Material
7 valves, 7 intermediate (maximum length 6 mm).
Remarks
This species of Callochiton has been long known under the names of C. laevis
(Montagu, 1803, non Pennant, 1777), C. achatinus (Brown, 1823), or C. doriae
(Capellini, 1859). Kaas (1978) proposed the name Callochiton septemvalvis
(Montagu, 1803) for this taxon, and the separation of the typical Atlantic
form, C. septemvalvis septemvalvis, from the Mediterranean one, C. septem-
valvis euplaeae (O.G.Costa, 1829), at subspecific level. The latter taxon is char-
acterized by its smaller size and by the presence of 3-5 longitudinal scars on
the pleural areas. Dell’Angelo & Palazzi (1994) suggested the adoption of the
taxon Callochiton septemvalvis to designate this complex species taking into
account that Chiton euplaeae was clearly described by O.G. Costa (1829) as
having a smooth surface, without any trace of scars.
The valves of our material have the same tegmentum sculpture as living
specimens, with 5-8 longitudinal grooves on the pleural area, very variable,
very short in some valves and longer, reaching the anterior margin in others.
DELL’ANGELO&VARDALA-THEODOROU:PLEISTOCENE POLYPLACOPHORA 327
goulandri321s340 6-03-07 11:45 ™ÂÏ›‰·327
Laghi (1977) considered the Miocene (Badenian) specimens from Koryt-
nica (Poland), identified by Baluk (1971) as Callochiton rariplicatus (Reuss,
1860), as well as those from the Miocene of the Vienna Basin illustrated by
Reuss (1860) and Sulc (1934), conspecific with Callochiton septemvalvis, a syn-
onymy accepted by Baluk (1984) and subsequent authors.
Distribution
Currently, Callochiton septemvalvis is known to be widely distributed in the
north-eastern Atlantic Ocean, ranging from Norway to the Canary islands and
the Mediterranean Sea. It was reported from the Miocene period of central-
eastern Europe (under the name of Chiton rariplicatus Reuss, 1860) and in the
Italian locality of Montegibbio (Modena prov.). Callochiton septemvalvis is
more common in the Italian Plio-Pleistocene, and it is recorded from Por-
tuguese and Spanish Pliocene deposit.
Family CHITONIDAE Rafinesque, 1815
Subfamily CHITONINAE Rafinesque, 1815
Genus Chiton Linnaeus, 1758
Subgenus Rhyssoplax Thiele, 1893
Chiton (Rhyssoplax) olivaceus Spengler, 1797
328 ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS 11. 2006
goulandri321s340 6-03-07 11:45 ™ÂÏ›‰·328
Chiton olivaceus Spengler, 1797: 73, Pl. 6, fig. 8.
Chiton siculus Gray, 1828: 5.
Chiton polii Deshayes, 1832: 132.
Chiton olivaceus – K
ATTOULAS
, K
OUKOURAS
& E
CONOMIDIS
, 1973: 20, fig. 3 –
B
ARASH
& D
ANIN
, 1977: 10, fig. 7 – L
AGHI
, 1977: 109, Pl. 2, figs. 5-8, 13 –
S
ABELLI
, 1978: 269, figs. 3-4, 9-10, 16, 18 – G
AGLINI
, 1985: XIII, Pl. 5, fig.
DELL’ANGELO&VARDALA-THEODOROU:PLEISTOCENE POLYPLACOPHORA 329
goulandri321s340 6-03-07 11:45 ™ÂÏ›‰·329
1; Pl. 8, fig. 4 – K
AAS
& K
NUDSEN
, 1992: 59, figs. 8a-d.
Chiton (Chiton) olivaceus – M
ALATESTA
, 1962: 161, figs. 17-18.
Chiton (Rhyssoplax) olivaceus – S
TRACK
, 1988: 77 – D
ELL
’A
NGELO
& F
ORLI
,
1995: 231. –D
ELL
’A
NGELO
& S
MRIGLIO
, 1999: 169, figs. 86-96, pls. 56-57.
Material
32 valves, 7 head (maximum length 5,9 mm), 23 intermediate (maximum
length 6,2 mm) and 2 tail (maximum length 3,0 mm).
Remarks
Chiton olivaceus is the most common and best known Mediterranean
species, easily recognizable by its characteristic sculpture of rather coarse but
very variable radial grooves on terminal and lateral areas and longitudinal
grooves on pleural areas.
In many of our valves the longitudinal grooves are convergent towards the
jugum, the width of the jugal area is variable. The same variation occurs in the
radial and longitudinal grooves. The variability of the fossil forms is so vast
that the old authors established a number of specific taxa, as did the 19
th
cen-
tury authors who attributed specific rank to the many colour variations, pro-
ducing an extensive synonymy.
Distribution
Currently, Chiton olivaceus in known to occur over the whole Mediter-
ranean, in the Sea of Marmara and in the Atlantic, both on the southern coast
of Portugal and at Tangier. It was reported from the Tortonian period in the
Northern Apennines (Montegibbio, Rio di Bocca d’Asino) and in the Messin-
ian of Borelli (Turin). In the Pliocene this species is recorded, less frequently,
from various Italian and French localities; in the Pleistocene it is present, with
greater frequency, in many Italian and Spanish localities.
Suborder ACANTHOCHITONINA Bergenhayn, 1930
Family ACANTHOCHITONIDAE Simroth, 1894
Subfamily ACANTHOCHITONINAE Simroth, 1894
330 ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS 11. 2006
goulandri321s340 6-03-07 11:45 ™ÂÏ›‰·330
Genus Acanthochitona Gray, 1821
Acanthochitona fascicularis (Linnaeus, 1767)
Chiton fascicularis Linnaeus, 1767: n.1106.
Acanthochites communis Risso, 1826: 268.
Acanthochites faluniensis de Rochebrune, 1883: 60.
Acanthochitona fascicularis – K
AAS
, 1985: 585, figs. 1-6. – S
TRACK
, 1988: 77 –
D
ELL
’A
NGELO
& F
ORLI
, 1995a: 235, figs. 8,11. – D
ELL
’A
NGELO
& G
IUSTI
,
1997: 56, figs. 11,17,18. – D
ELL
’A
NGELO
et al., 1998: 249, tav. 3, figs. 8-9. –
D
ELL
’A
NGELO
& S
MRIGLIO
, 1999: 192, figs. 113-123, tav. 64-65. – D
EL
-
L
’A
NGELO
et al., 2001: 153, figs. 30, 33.
Acanthochitona communis – M
ALATESTA
, 1962: 166, fig. 24-25. – K
ATTOULAS
,
K
OUKOURAS
& E
CONOMIDIS
, 1973: 19, fig. 1 – B
ARASH
& D
ANIN
, 1977 : 13,
fig. 10 – L
AGHI
, 1977: 110, tav. 3, figs. 13-19.
Acanthochitona faluniensis – S
ULC
, 1934: 17, pl. 1, fig.29; pl. 2, figs. 30-32. –
B
ALUK
, 1984: 291, pl. 8, figs 1-5.
DELL’ANGELO&VARDALA-THEODOROU:PLEISTOCENE POLYPLACOPHORA 331
goulandri321s340 6-03-07 11:45 ™ÂÏ›‰·331
Material
31 valves, 9 head (maximum length 3.2 mm), 19 intermediate (maximum
length 6.2 mm) and 3 tail (maximum length 5.2 mm).
Remarks
A. fascicularis is an extremely variable species with a very complicated syn-
onymy. It is characterized by the tegmentum uniformly covered with small
roundish granules arranged along orderly arched lines on the valves, except
for the jugal area, and by its flat or slightly concave surface.
Our valves fit very well the characteristics of the species.
A similar species, A. faluniensis De Rochebrune, 1883, which differs specif-
ically from A. fascicularis by the shape of the lateral margins of the tegmentum
and by the thinner granulation, consisting of slightly larger roundish granules,
was recorded from the Miocene period in central-eastern Europe, and was
considered by Laghi (1977) to be a later synonym of A. fascicularis. This syn-
onymy was not accepted by Baluk (1984).
Distribution
A. fascicularis is known to occur over the whole Mediterranean and in the
Atlantic from the English Channel and Brittany to the Azores and the Canary
Islands. It was reported from the Miocene (Badenian) period of central-east-
ern Europe, and in Italy from the Tortonian period of Montegibbio (Modena)
and the Messinian of Borelli (Turin). It is recorded in various Italian Plio-
Pleistocene localities, being locally very frequent, and in the Spanish Pliocene.
Conclusions
This paper presents the first descriptions and illustrated account of fossil
chitons from the Pleistocene period in Greece. The three chiton species (70
valves) identified in the Pleistocene marine terraces of the Perachora penin-
sula are common, recent Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean species. All
these species range, in the Mediterranean, continuously from the Miocene to
the present day. From the three species of Pleistocene Polyplacophora identi-
fied from Perachora, only Chiton olivaceus Spengler, 1797 (at depths from less
332 ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS 11. 2006
goulandri321s340 6-03-07 11:45 ™ÂÏ›‰·332
than 1m to 22 m) and Acanthochitona fascicularis (Linnaeus, 1767) (at depths
from 1m to 32m) have been found living in “Perachora, Vouliagmeni Limni”
today.
Acknowledgements
Special thanks are owed to Goulandris Natural History Museum for sup-
porting this work, and Dr. C. Fasseas for the SEM photographs. Also thanks
are due to Prof. N. Symeonides and Ass. Prof. A. Nicolaidou of Athens
University and Dr A. Zenetos, for their help during the study of Perachora
Area.
Appendix
Check list of section F. 93 from Perachora after Theodorou (1998).
BIVALVIA
1. Acanthocardia echinata = SF DC-DL-DE C
2. Acanthocardia paucicostata = SF SM-SFBC-VTC MIC
3. Aequipecten opercularis = SD AP-SFBC-DC I-C
4. Arca noae + SF HP -AP I-C
5. Arca tetragona + SF HP-DC I-C
6. Astarte sulcata
7. Azorinus chamasolen = SF DC-DE C
8. Barbatia clathrata + SF AP I
9. Callista chione = SD SFHN-SFBC-HP-SGCF I
10. Cardita calyculata = SD AP I
11. Chlamys flexuosa = SF SGCF-DC I-C
12. Chlamys multistriata + SF HP I
13. Chlamys pesfelis = SF AP-HP I
14. Chlamys varia =/+ SF SPRV-HP-DL I-C
15. Clausinella brongniartii = SD .......I-C (4-100)
16. Clavagella cf. melitensis
17. Coralliophaga lithophagella = SF AP-RM M-I-C
18. Corbula gibba = SF-SD DC I-C
19. Diplodonta rotundata = SD SGCF I
20. Dosinia exoleta = SF SGCF I
21. Dosinia lupinus = SF SFBC I
DELL’ANGELO&VARDALA-THEODOROU:PLEISTOCENE POLYPLACOPHORA 333
goulandri321s340 6-03-07 11:45 ™ÂÏ›‰·333
22. Ensis ensis = SF SFBC I
23. Ensis minor = SF SFBC I
24. Gastrana fragilis = SD SVMC-LEE I
25. Gastrochaena dubia = SF HP I-C
26. Globivenus effossa = ... HP I
27. Glycymeris glycymeris = SF SGCF-DC I-C
28. Glycymeris glycymeris pilosa = SF SGCF-DC I-C
29. Gouldia minima = H SGCF-DC I-C
30. Hiatella arctica + SF HP I (O -1400m)
31. Laevicardium crassum = SF SGCF I
32. Laevicardium oblongum = SF DC C
33. Lor›pes lacteus = SD SVMC I
34. Lucinoma boreale = ...... DC C
35. Lyssopecten hyalinus = SF HP I
36. Musculus discors + SF HP I
37. Mysia undata = ...... SFBC I
38. Mytilus galloprovincialis + SF AP-HP I
39. Nucula nucleus = SF DE C
40. Nuculana pella = SF SFBC I
41. Ostrea edulis = SF AP I
42. Paphia lucens = SF SGCF I
43. Paphia rhomboides = SF-C SGCF I
44. Pecten jacobaeus =/+ SF SGCF-DC I-C
45. Pitar rudis = SF-SD SFBC-DC I-C
46. Plagiocardium papillosum = SF DC C
47. Pododesmus patelliformis + SF AP-C I-C
48. Psammobia costulata = SF SGCF I
49. Pteria hirundo + SF C? C
50. Scrobicularia cottardi = ..... DE C
51. Solecurtus scopula = SF VTC C
52. Spondylus gaederopus + SF AP I
53. Striarca lactea = SF HP-DC C
54. Tellina distorta = SD SVMC I
55. Tellina serrata = SF C-DC-DE C
56. Timoclea ovata = SF-SD DC-DL-DE C
57. Venerupis senegalensis = SD HP I ??
58. Venus verrucosa = SD HP -SGCF-C I-C
334 ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS 11. 2006
goulandri321s340 6-03-07 11:45 ™ÂÏ›‰·334
GASTROPODA
1. Alvania carinata .....
2. Atys brocchi + SVMC,SFBC I
3. Caecum trachea ........
4. Capulus hungaricus + O DC C
5. Cavolinia cf inflexa ........
6. Cerithium vulgatum + H AP I
7. Cerithiopsis tubercularis .........
8. Circulus tricarinatus ........
9. Crassopleura incrassata + C DC C
10. Cylichnina subcylindrica + VTC C
11. Diodora gibberula + C AP I
12. Diodora graeca + C AP I
13. Emarginella huzardii + C AP I
14. Emarginula octaviana + C AP I
15. Epitonium lamellosum + P SFBC-HP I
16. Erato voluta + C DC C
17. Fusinus rostratus + SD C I
18. Gibbula magus + H SFBC-DC I-C
19. Hexaplex trunculus + C AP-SFBC-DC I-C
20. Lamellaria latens + C HP I
21. Mangelia stossiciana ........
22. Marshallora adversa + C AP-HP-C I-C
23. Mitrella minor + C AP-HP I
24. Nassarius incrassatus = C-0 SVMC- AP I
25. Nassarius pygmaeus = O SPRV-SFHN-SFBC I
26. Nassarius reticulatus = O SVMC-LEE I
27. Natica lactea = C .... .....
28. Philine catena + C ..... .....
29. Pseudotorinia architae + C DC C
30. Pyrunculus sp.
31. Raphitoma echinata + C C C
32. Scissurella costata
33. Trivia arctica + C AP? I?
34. Turbonilla jeffreysii
35. Turritella turbona =/+ SF-SD VTC C
DELL’ANGELO&VARDALA-THEODOROU:PLEISTOCENE POLYPLACOPHORA 335
goulandri321s340 6-03-07 11:45 ™ÂÏ›‰·335
SCAPHOPODA
1. Dentalium dentalis = SF-SD ......... C
2. Dentalium inaequicostatum = SF SGCF I
3. Fustiaria rubescens = SD ......... M-I-C
4. Cadulus politus = SD .........
POLYPLACOPHORA
Chiton olivaceus + H LDL-RM M
Acanthochitona fascicularis + H RM M
Callochiton septemvalvis + H AP
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DELL’ANGELO&VARDALA-THEODOROU:PLEISTOCENE POLYPLACOPHORA 339
Address of the authors:
Bruno Dell’Angelo, Via Mugellese 66d, 59100, Prato, Italy (e-mail: bruno.dellangelo@chitons.it)
Dr Galatia-Evdoxia Vardala-Theodorou, Department of Hydrobiology Goulandris Natural History
Museum- Gaia Center, Othonos 100, Kifissia, 14562, Greece (e-mail : evard@gnhm.gr)
goulandri321s340 6-03-07 11:45 ™ÂÏ›‰·339
goulandri321s340 6-03-07 11:45 ™ÂÏ›‰·340
BOOK REVIEWS
During the period since the last publication of Annales Musei Goulandris, a number
of important published works have appeared on the flora of Greece and adjacent ter-
ritories. In particular, the publication of the first two of ten proposed volumes of Flora
Hellenica marks a landmark in the study of the Greek flora. This will ultimately fill the
largest gap in up-to-date coverage in national and regional Floras of the flora of
Europe and the Mediterranean region. The books reviewed below comprise a group
of reference texts of high quality that will be standard works for many years to come.
Greece, with the richest flora in Europe, greatly deserves this sort of coverage. These
publications range from the scientific to the popular and will hopefully reveal the
Greek flora to a wide public inside and outside the country.
John Akeroyd
Flora Hellenica. Volumes 1-2. Arne Strid & Kit Tan (eds). A.R. G. Gantner
Verlag. Pp. 545, 511. 1997, 2002. (ISBN 3-87429-391-2, 3-87429-390-4)
Available from Koeltz Scientific Books, Herrnwaldstr.6, D 61462 Koenigstein, Ger-
many (www.koeltz.com).
The flora of Greece is estimated at some 5000 species, and the country’s last
critical Flora was published a century ago. For too long Greek Floras have
been, to borrow a comment from the late Anthony Huxley, out-of-date, in
Latin and prohibitively expensive. This ongoing 10-volume Flora Hellenica,
compiled by a skilled team largely based in Scandinavia and written in English,
may still be expensive but is nevertheless quite indispensable and one of the
most exciting recent developments in Mediterranean botany. Like the seminal
Flora of Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (1965-2000) of Peter
Davis (in which Kit Tan was a major author), Flora Hellenica is laying some
Ann. Musei Goulandris 11: 341-346.2006
goulandri341s346 6-03-07 11:46 ™ÂÏ›‰·341
impressive foundations for all future studies of the flora of Greece and adja-
cent territories. Packed with new information on the taxonomy, nomenclature
and distribution of Greek plants, in its entirety it will radically reassess our
knowledge and interpretation of the whole eastern Mediterranean region.
This new flora certainly renders considerable portions of Flora Europaea obso-
lete.
Descriptions are detailed and thorough, and the authors wisely and helpfully
recognize numerous intra-specific taxa in a region that is characterized by
islands and peninsulas, dissected topography, relict populations, human dis-
turbance and active evolutionary radiation. Types are frequently identified
and selected, and notes on phenotypic variation, taxonomic relationships and
unresolved queries follow many species accounts. There are no illustrations
(except a frontispiece), but the superlative set of dot-distribution maps – over
1300 so far – at the end of each volume comprise a substantial publication in
themselves the 711 maps already publicized in volume 1, adds substantially to
available. The extensively illustrated Endemic Plants of Greece series initiated
by Kit Tan and Gregoris Iatrou (see below) thus nicely complements this
wider Flora project.
Flora Hellenica includes a wealth of plant taxa not recognized or reported in
Flora Europaea. This is indicative of greatly increased knowledge of the Greek
flora since the1980s Mountain Flora of Greece project of Arne Strid, Kit Tan
and colleagues. And it is clear too that those of us who have always supported
the broad synoptic overview of the European flora taken by Flora Hellenica
must think seriously about adopting a narrower species concept than we have
used in the past. A modest expansion of numbers of plants recognized in
Europe will not so much reflect an over-explored, over-classified flora as the
general increase in plant species numbers that we perhaps need to accept
worldwide (vide the comments of David Bramwell in Plant Talk 28: 32–34,
2002). Whatever the true number of species (and sub-species), nobody can
now doubt that Greece has one of the most important floras on Earth, and a
very special place in the scheme of global biodiversity.
342 °OY§AN¢PH™
goulandri341s346 6-03-07 11:46 ™ÂÏ›‰·342
Endemic Plants of Greece. The Peloponnese. Kit Tan, with Gregoris Iatrou;
colour plates by Bent Johnsen. Gads Forlag, Denmark (e-mail sekr@gads-
forlag.dk). Pp. 480. 2001. (ISBN 87-12-03857-1)
Available from Gads Publishers Ltd, 32 Vimmelskaftet, DK-1161 Copenhagen K,
Denmark (e-mail sekr@gads-forlag.dk).
This sumptuously illustrated and scholarly volume – the first of three (with
Crete and the islands, and mainland Greece to come) – is one of the most sig-
nificant recent scientific contributions to the study of the Greek flora. The
text, colour plates, maps and layout set exemplary standards for future work-
ers on Greek and Mediterranean plants. An essential book for the profession-
al researcher, with important data and some new taxa and nomenclatural typ-
ifications, it will also bring pleasure to the amateur enthusiast or indeed any-
body who appreciates Greek flowers and countryside. For too long, the iden-
tity of so many Greek endemic plants has been a matter of a short description
and handful of old herbarium sheets. Now Kit Tan and her colleagues have
expanded the information with which to flesh out these bare bones. Many of
these remarkable and often rare or threatened plants had not previously been
illustrated.
A short but informative introductory section evokes both flora and landscape.
Climate, vegetation (from coasts to highest mountains), history of botanical
exploration, and patterns of distribution and endemism are described, togeth-
er with information on districts such as the Mani, the island of Kithira, and the
main mountain massifs that have the richest floras. Pen-and-ink vignettes by
the artist, the late, very talented Bent Johnsen, set the scene. The main text,
which draws upon the extensive Flora Hellenica database, describes each of
the endemics – 370 Greek endemics, just over 12% of the Peloponnesian flora;
with some 5% endemic to the Peloponnese. Most are handsomely illustrated
in colour and all have clear dot-maps and notes on ecology, distribution, chro-
mosome number and relevant details and observations on taxonomy, variation
and closely related species . Some rare species have details of conservation sta-
tus, threats and performance in cultivation, an important step towards a Red
data Book for Greek endemics. A bibliography pulls together diffuse litera-
ture.
Turkey now has its complete critical Flora, but its smaller, equally plant-rich
neighbour Greece does not, at least for the present. Inevitably many endemics
°OY§AN¢PH™ 343
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must wait their turn to be covered in Flora Hellenica. This attractive new book,
clearly a spin-off from the larger project, does much to fill the gap. Many unfa-
miliar names appear in the text and the book adds ten new combinations and
24 lectotypifications. Kit Tan also reports some remarkable botanical discov-
eries and relocations of plants feared extinct. The rediscovery of Adonis cylle-
nea and Biebersteinia orphanidis (Geraniaceae, an outlying population of a
central Anatolian species), feared lost from their locus classicus on Mt Killini
for decades, together with new discoveries of Adonis on nearby mountains,
gives hope for all lost or threatened plants in Greece and further afield. One
endemic is deleted, but remains an interesting element in the Greek flora:
Linaria hellenica, once thought to be an Endangered endemic of sandy flats
and fields in the SE Peloponnese, turns out to be the widespread L. tenuis of
Africa and the Middle East! Such is progress, and it is satisfying to see anoth-
er plant out of danger! Of the ‘good’ endemics, it is particularly pleasing to see
the suite of plants special to the Mani, where much of the flora is at its best
over the winter months, take its rightful place in the illustrated botanical liter-
ature.
Flowers of Crete. John Fielding & Nicholas Turland, ed. Brian Mathew
Boulos. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Pp. 650. 2005. (ISBN 1-84246-0792-X)
Available from Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK (www.kewbooks.com).
Crete lacks its own Flora, despite its considerable interest to botanists, not
least the great numbers of non-professional plant enthusiasts who visit each
spring. Five million years of isolation has nurtured a diverse flora of 1735
species, 159 of them endemic (plus 19 more shared with Karpathos) and for-
tunately restricted to inaccessible limestone cliffs, gorges and stony mountain
deserts. Despite intensive olives and vines, the countryside has fine stands of
woodland, tall scrub and phrygana or hummocky spiny scrub. There is plenti-
ful rocky and stony ground, especially in the gorges and above the treeline,
even a few surviving traditional arable fields, refuges for tulips and other
ancient weeds. The spring floral display is superb – with more than 60 orchids
as a bonus and this book is both an introduction and souvenir for the visitor.
Various floristic publications, including general field guides and the Flora of
the Cretan Area checklist (Turland et al.1993) have paid tribute to this special
344 °OY§AN¢PH™
goulandri341s346 6-03-07 11:46 ™ÂÏ›‰·344
flora. Flowers of Crete does not provide the much-needed full Flora, but
describes some 1250 Cretan plants, 800 of them lavishly illustrated in more
than 1900 high quality colour photographs, together with the habitats and
countryside in which they occur. The Introduction summarizes geography,
geology and vegetation, crops, ethnobotany and conservation; the main body
of text describes the plants by family – much of the information in picture cap-
tions. The book is infused with the knowledge and enthusiasm of the authors,
even if the emphasis is on orchids and Cyclamen and other bulbous plants.
They do, however, do justice to most of the legumes, labiates, crucifers and
spurges and to the rich endemic flora – which certainly emphasizes the need
for a comprehensive Flora.
Flora of Egypt. Vols 1-4. Loutfy Boulos. Al Hadara Publishing.
Pp. 419, 352, 373, 617. 1999, 2000, 2002, 2005.
(ISBN 977-5429-14-5/-22-6/-25-0/-41-2)
Available from Al Hadara Publishing, 7 Abou El-Seoud St, Dokki 12311, Cairo,
Egypt (e-mail hadara@idsc.net.eg).
Crete has many floristic links with North Africa, and Greek botanists will wel-
come progress on the floristic study of a region so close to that island. This
new Flora of Egypt greatly updates, consolidates and expands the classic 1974
Flora of the late Vivi Täckholm. The rapid speed of publication of these four
volumes is an achievement in itself and particularly welcome in a Mediter-
ranean world where plants and their habitats are under constant potential
threat. The Egyptian flora consists of 758 genera and 2125 species, of which 63
are endemic and 92 almost endemic to Egypt; three volumes comprise
accounts of the dicot families, volume 4 the monocots.
The descriptions are in the tradition of Flora Europaea, diagnostic rather than
expansive but with plenty of detail, augmented by specially commissioned ele-
gant black-and-white line drawings. Quality colour photographs illustrate a
further selection of species in each volume. These illustrations will have wide
appeal to field botanists far beyond Egypt. The comprehensive keys to plant
families (in volume 4) genera and species are clear, efficient and easy to use,
and again will be useful beyond the boundaries of Egypt; as will the full details
of global geographical distribution (all too rare in Floras!) for each taxon.
°OY§AN¢PH™ 345
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Loutfy Boulos provides numerous notes on taxonomy, nomenclature, typifica-
tion and economic uses. Volume 4 has tables of Latin and vernacular names,
a cumulative generic index and a glossary of botanical terms. This model
Flora, a landmark in the study of Egypt’s wild plants by an enthusiastic and
experienced botanist with an extensive knowledge of the Mediterranean and
Middle East, nicely balances scholarship and practical ease of plant identifi-
cation.
346 °OY§AN¢PH™
goulandri341s346 6-03-07 11:46 ™ÂÏ›‰·346
PUBLICATIONS OF THE GOULANDRIS NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM
1. ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS. Vol. 1; 262 pages; 1973. Vol. 2; 182 pages; 1975.
Vol. 3; 180 pages; 1977. Vol. ;. 310 pages; 1978. Vol. 5; 213 pages; 1982. Vol. 6; 335 pages;
1983. Vol. 7; 384 pages; 1986. Vol. 8; 472 pages; 1990. Vol. 9; 530 pages; 1995. Vol. 10;
330 pages; 1999.
2. WILD FLOWERS OF GREECE. Illustrations painted by Niki Goulandris. Text by
C.Goulimis and W.T. Stearn. 244 pages; 103 coloured plates. 1968. (out of print).
3. ORCHIDS OF GREECE AND CYPRUS. By Gerd Hermjacob. Part 1, The Genus
Ophrys, 33 coloured plates. 1974. (out of print).
4. WILD FLOWERS OF MOUNT OLYMPUS. By Arne Strid. 217 full-page plates, each
with 2-7 colour photographs. Full botanical descriptions and keys to genera and species.
5. PEONIES OF GREECE. A portofolio containing twelve full page plates (69x50 cm) of
Greek Peonies, drawn by Niki Goulandris and lithographed by hand by T. Katsoulidis. A
magnificent publication limited to 500 hand-numbered copies and signed by the artist, 1984.
6. PEONIES OF GREECE. By W.T. Stearn and P.H.Davis. 130 pages. A taxonomic and
historical survey of the genus Paeonia in Greece; 178 coloured plates; 1984.
7. ∂§§∏¡π∫∞ ¢∞™∏ (FORESTS OF GREECE). p. 92. A historical survey, the present
situation, threats and perspectives. 62 colour plates, 1989.
8. ∫∞Δ∞§√°√™ Δø¡ √¡√ª∞Δø¡ Δø¡ ¶√À§πø¡ Δ∏™ ∂§§∞¢√™. List of the
Greek names of the birds of Greece, 1988.
9. A DESCRIPTIVE LEXICON OF THE BIRDS OF GREECE. 447 pages, 8 coloured
plates, 415 black and white illustrations with descriptions, 1993.
10. MUSHROOMS IN THE FORESTS OF GREECE. By M. Pantidou, 250 plates (colour)
with descriptions, 1992.
11. SHELLS FROM THE GREEK SEAS. ∫√ÃÀ§π∞ ∞¶√ Δπ™ ∂§§∏¡π∫∂™
£∞§∞™™∂™. 320 pages. A selection of 330 species (colour) with description, Checklist
of 940 species, 1994 & 2001.
12. Δ∞ ∂ƒ¶∂Δ∞ ™Δ∏¡ ∂§§∞¢∞ ∫∞π ™Δ∏¡ ∫À¶ƒ√ (REPTILES IN GREECE AND
CYPRUS). A field guide by A. Dimitropoulos and Y.Ioannides. 30 colour plates, 39
pages with coloured photographs. More than 30 line drawings accompanying the text.
(280 pages), 2002.
13. ∫ƒπ™πª∞ ¶ƒ√μ§∏ª∞Δ∞. ∞¡£ƒø¶√™ ∫∞π ¶∂ƒπμ∞§§√¡ ™Δ√¡ 21 ∞πø¡∞.
(CRUCIAL ISSUES. MAN AND ENVIRONMENT AT THE 21th CENTURY). Fold-
er containing 18 leaflets on Man and the Environment, 2005.
14. ∂§§∏¡π∫√π À°ƒ√Δ√¶√π (GREEK WETLANDS) . In collaboration with the Muse-
um, the Greek centre for Biotopes and Wetlands, and the Commercial Bank. 386 pages,
1996.
15. RELIEF MAP OF GREECE, 1995.
16. √ƒÀ∫Δ∞ ¶∂Δƒøª∞Δ∞ ∫∞π ¶√§πΔπ™ª√™. (MINERALS, ROCKS AND
CIVILIZATION) 220 pages, 2005.
17. ºøΔπ∞ ™Δ∏ £∞§∞™™∞ (FIRE IN THE SEA) 290 pages, in preparation.
EpetirisGoulandri2007Ex 6-03-07 11:24 ™ÂÏ›‰·2
∂¶∂Δ∏ƒπ™
ª√À™∂π√À
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ANNALES
MUSEI
GOULANDRIS
11 – 2006 •KIFISSIA GREECE
∂¶∂Δ∏ƒπ™ 11 – 2006 ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS
ISSN 0302-1033
ANNALES MUSEI GOULANDRIS
Vol. 11 – 2006
Contents
Index Novitatum ........................................................................................................... 8
William Thomas Stearn (1911-2001) ......................................................................... 9-16
The Goulandris Natural History Museum, GAIA Centre 1999 - 2006 ................... 17-33
Preface .......................................................................................................................... 35-36
Botany
Christensen, K.I. - Salix xanthicola (Salicaceae) – distribution, ecology
and relationships ................................................................................................... 37-79
Burton, R.- A new subspecies of Allium circinnatum Sieber (Alliaceae)
from S.W. Turkey .................................................................................................. 81-84
Snogerup, S., Snogerup B., Stamatiadou E., R.von Bothmer & Gustafsson M.
- Flora of Andros ................................................................................................... 85-270
Yannitsaros A.& Bazos I. – Ibicella (Stapf) Van Eseltine A genus of
the American family Martyniaceae new for Greece ........................................... 271-279
Zoology
Dimaki, M. & Tylionakis, J. - A catalogue of the G.P. Moazzo collection
in the Goulandris Natural History Museum. Part I ........................................... 281-287
Tylionakis, J.& Dimaki, M. - A catalogue of the G.P.Moazzo collection
in the Goulandris Natural History Museum. Part II ......................................... 289-296
Lane, A.C.& Alivizatos., H. - Additional data on the bat species (Chiroptera:
Rhinolophidae and Vespertilionidae) of the island of Thasos,
north-eastern Greece ............................................................................................ 297-301
Vicidomini, S. - Distribuzione della tribúXylocopini (Hymenoptera, Apidae,
Xylocopinae) in Grecia. I. Materiale conservato nelle collezioni
entomologiche italiane. II. Due species africane signelate sull’Isole di Zante.
III. Xylocopa (Xylocopa) violacea (Linne, 1758). var. nov. funereipennis ......... 303-319
Palaeontology
Dell’Angelo, B. & Vardala-Theodorou, E.-Pleistocene Polyplacophoran
species from Perachora Peninsula (Corinth, Greece) ....................................... 321-339
Book Reviews
Flora Hellenica, vols 1 - 2 (Strid A., & Tan, K. 1997, 2002)
Endemic plants of Greece: the Peloponnese (Tan, K. & Iatrou, P. 2001)
Flora of Egypt, vols 1 - 3 (Boulos, 1999, 2000, 2002) ................................................ 341-346
Date of Publication of volume 10 was October 1999
Published by the Goulandris Natural History Museum
Levidou 13, Kifissia (Greece)
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