No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the authors.
North American Pholiota
... The genus Pholiota (Fr.) P. Kumm. is generally characterized by (pale) yellow to brown basidiocarps with (in most species, notably excepting the type) a viscid to gelatinous, often scaly, pileus, an annulus, rusty to dark brown smooth to slightly rough spores with a germ pore, cheilocystidia and pleurocystidia (in a number of species as chrysocystidia), and typically lignicolous habit (e.g., Jacobsson 2009). Smith & Hesler (1968), in their overview of North American species of Pholiota, used a rather broad genus concept but a narrow species concept and gave descriptions of 205 species for North America, 163 of which were described as new. Subsequently, several of these species were shown to be synonyms of each other or to belong to other genera that even Smith & Hesler (1968) recognized as distinct, e.g., Agaricus L. and Stropharia (Fr.) Quél. 1 The name Flammula (Fr.) P. Kumm., published in 1871, is a later homonym of Flammula (Webb ex Spach) Fourr. ...
... Smith & Hesler (1968), in their overview of North American species of Pholiota, used a rather broad genus concept but a narrow species concept and gave descriptions of 205 species for North America, 163 of which were described as new. Subsequently, several of these species were shown to be synonyms of each other or to belong to other genera that even Smith & Hesler (1968) recognized as distinct, e.g., Agaricus L. and Stropharia (Fr.) Quél. 1 The name Flammula (Fr.) P. Kumm., published in 1871, is a later homonym of Flammula (Webb ex Spach) Fourr. from 1868, a genus in the Ranunculaceae; Donk (1962) considered the latter to be invalid, but his point of view is not followed by later authors such as Jacobsson (2012). ...
... As a result species recognition based on morphology alone can be challenging. Many new species described by Smith & Hesler (1968) were based on only one collection, and the authors probably underestimated the variability of the species they described. A common snowbank species in Pholiota subg. ...
A name has been found for a common species in Pholiota subg. Flammuloides fruiting during and soon after snowmelt in the subalpine Abies forests of California: Pholiota olivaceophylla is characterized by rather pale slime-covered basidiocarps, relatively
pale brown ellipsoid to slightly phaseoliform spores, 6.0–8.5 × 3.5–5.0 μm, with an inconspicuous germ pore, and abundant lageniform pleurocystidia. The ITS sequence of the type collection of Ph. olivaceophylla matches those of recent collections. From phylogenetic
analyses and morphology, it is clear that the secotioid Nivatogastrium nubigenum [= Pholiota nubigena] is nested within Pholiota; this species has retained ballistospores and the typical curved sterigmata for active spore dispersal.
... Sacc., from the South American Andino-Patagonic forest. Both species differ from P. oblita by their smaller spores: 4–5 × 2.5–3 µm in P. flammans (Smith & Hesler 1968: 167) and 5–6.3 × 3–3.4 µm in P. subflammans (Spegazzini 1887a, 1887b, Horak 1967: 358); less elongated cheilocystidia, 18–20 × 3 µm in P. flammans (Smith & Hesler 1968: 167), 17–22 × 6–8.2 µm in P. subflammans (Singer 1952: 497); and wider lamellae, which are moderately broad to broad in both species (Smith & Hesler 1968: 167, Singer 1952). Moreover, P. flammans differs from the other species in its more robust basidiomata, with larger pileus and wider stipe (Smith & Hesler 1968: 167). ...
... Moreover, P. flammans differs from the other species in its more robust basidiomata, with larger pileus and wider stipe (Smith & Hesler 1968: 167). Both species were found in colder zones than P. oblita (Smith & Hesler 1968: 167, Singer 1952). Singer (1952: 498) described slightly shorter spores (5–8.8 × 3.5–4.8 ...
... However, according to Horak (1967: 358) the latter is synonymous with P. subflammans, having lost the scales by the action of rain or high atmospheric humidity. As a consequence, the pileipellis hyphae walls become gelatinous and the scales are lost, as was also observed in P. kauffmaniana A. H. Sm. and P. flammans in the Northern Hemisphere (Smith & Hesler 1968). ...
We present a study on the genus Pholiota sect. Adiposae stirps Subflammans from the Republic of Argentina. Pholiota oblita is proposed as a new species. It is characterized by its narrow lamellae, elongated cheilocystidia and broad spores. Singer originally described this species as P. digilioi, but this name was never validly published. Pholiota oblita is close to P. flammans, from the Northern Hemisphere, and P. subflammans, from the South American Andino-Patagonic forest,but differs by the diagnostic characters previously mentioned . The species was found in the southern end of the Yungas Forest, a cloud forest located on the eastern slopes of the sub-Andean mountains. Numerous collections of P. oblita were found in the Yungas forest but not in other areas. We believe that it could be an endemic species. Furthermore, we found that there are no herbarium specimens for the type of Pholiota subflammans (Speg.) Sacc. With the absence of original material, and to preserve current usage of the name, a neotype is designated hereby. The neotype chosen for P. subflammans is a specimen determined, described, and collected by Singer in the same area where the type specimen was found by Spegazzini.
... The basidiocarps of P. squarrosoides grow more or less caespitose and appear in the summer and autumn. This fungus is considered a saprophyte, rarely a parasite occurring at the base of living trees, which can cause intense degradation of the infected wood (Smith & Hesler 1968;Holec 2001). It is associated with many kinds of dead deciduous wood. ...
... In the European mycological literature there are records on roots, buried wood, logs, trunks or stumps of Alnus, Betula, Carpinus, Fagus, Populus, Quercus, Sorbus and Salix (Holec 2001;Wojewoda 2003;Jacobsson 2008). In the Great Lakes states of the United States P. squarrosoides is one of the major causes of intense decay in logs of Acer saccharum and Tilia glabra (Smith & Hesler 1968). This species is apparently favored by continental climate (Jacobsson 1990). ...
... This species is apparently favored by continental climate (Jacobsson 1990). It is reported to be rather common in North America (Smith & Hesler 1968) and probably is also widespread in temperate parts of Asia (Imai 1938;Jacobsson 1987), but in Europe only scattered records are known (Jacobsson 1987(Jacobsson , 1990, including those in Great Britain, France, Germany, Austria, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Romania, Ukraine, Denmark, Sweden and Finland (Kühner & Romagnesi 1953;Jacobsson 1987;Holec 2001;Spooner 2007;Jacobsson 2008). Noordeloos (2011) maintains that P. squarrosoides probably is much rarer in western than in central and northern parts of the continent, where it seems to prefer old-growth forests. ...
Pholiota squarrosoides (Peck) Sacc., one of Poland's rarest Pholiota species, is reported for the fi rst time from southwest Poland. It was found in a new locality in the Łężczok Reserve (Kotlina Raciborska basin). The current distribution of P. squarrosoides in Poland is summarized, based on a literature review and fi eld observations. The paper presents details of the morphology of the collected specimens, and the general distribution and ecology of P. squarrosoides.
... Pholiota limonella is very similar to the temperate P. aurivella (Fr.) P. Kumm., but differs by smaller basidiospores in comparison to the latter (7-11 × 4.5-6 μm Smith & Hesler 1968). It has a wide distribution in some parts of eastern Fennoscandinavia, ocurring on Alnus and Betula, occasionally on coniferous wood (Noordeloos 1999Noordeloos , 2011). ...
... This species typically occurs on coniferous woods (Pinus, Araucaria), fruiting in autumn months in the studied area. It is distributed in North America (Smith & Hesler 1968) and Europe (Noordeloos 2011), and has been reported from the states of São Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil (Cortez & Coelho 2003). This is one of the most common bluing species of Psilocybe and has been collected on soil or manure in grasslands in the studied area. ...
In a survey of the Strophariaceae from a natural reserve at Southern Brazil, a total of 16 species were studied: Deconica coprophila, D. horizontalis, Hypholoma ericaeum, H. subviride, Leratiomyces ceres, Pholiota limonella, P. spumosa, Psilocybe caeruleoannulata, P. wrightii, P. zapotecorum, Stropharia acanthocystis, S. agaricoides, S. araucariae, S. earlei, S. rugosoannulata and S. venusta. Full descriptions and illustrations on Pholiota limonella and Psilocybe zapotecorum are presented due to a lack of the detailed description for the State of Rio Grande do Sul.
... Some reddish species are well known in Cortinarius (Ammirati and Smith 1984, Ammirati 1989, Liu et al 1995) and others documented in Crepidotus (Luther and Redhead 1981, Pö der and Ferrari 1984, Bandala, Montoya, Horak 2006) and Stropharia (Shaw and Kibby 2001, Shaw, Butlin, Kibby 2004). Descriptions of several lesser-known but conspicuously colored agarics are scattered in North American, South American and Australian literature in the genera Tubaria (Murrill 1917, Bougher and Syme 1998), Phaeomarasmius (Singer 1953), Pholiota (Smith and Hesler 1968) and Naucoria (Peck 1909, Arora 1986). We became interested in the identification of several vinaceous pigmented species of brown-spored Agaricales that inhabit wood in natural habitats or mulched landscapes in suburban areas because these species are encountered so rarely and their taxonomic affiliations poorly understood. ...
... In northern Europe reported on dead deciduous wood, primarily of Betula and Populus and less frequently on Alnus and Fagus (Moser 1983). In North America on hardwood and conifer logs (Smith and Hesler 1968) ranging from east coast to west coast and as far south as North Carolina. the wall slightly to distinctly thickened and pale cinnamon in KOH, ventricose at the base (6–8 mm) with a long, narrow flexuous neck and subacute apex, utriform to dumbbell shaped with the enlarged apex as broad as the ventricose portion and rarely with a secondary septum in the constriction. ...
A taxonomic treatment of vinaceous and reddish species of Tubaria (Agaricales) is presented based on morphology and nucleotide sequences. Accessions from western North America, Europe, Central America, the Caribbean and Australia are compared. Phylogenetic analysis of the 25S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions demonstrates that Tubaria is not monophyletic. However the autonomy of six brown-spored, saprotrophic species-Naucoria vinicolor, Pholiota serrulata, Phaeomarasmius confragosus, Pholiota punicea, Tubaria rufofulva and T. bispora sp. nov.-is affirmed. All six species form a strongly supported monophyletic group that we label section Confragosae in the genus Tubaria. This section is related to T. dispersa, T. albostipitata and numerous representatives of the T. furfuracea complex. Tubaria minima is related to other lineages of dark-spored Agaricales. Taxonomic descriptions, illustrations and a key to confirmed species of section Confragosae are provided. Four new combinations are proposed, and one new species, T. bispora, is described as new from Costa Rica and Martinique. A lectotype is designated for Pholiota serrulata.
... Another important feature is the brownish sporeprint, which suggests that this taxon belongs in Pholiota. Following Smith and Hesler (1968) and Singer (1986) ...
Stropharia acanthocystis is described as a new species from southern Brazil. It is characterized by the lack of an annulus and the presence of acanthocytes in the hymenium.
... Cisztídiumok: orsó alakúak és gyakran szálkás végűek, a lemezélen nagy számban találhatók, a krizocisztídiumok meglehetősen ritkák. Az Új-Mexikóból, fenyő faanyagáról leírt P. romagnesiana az eredeti diagnózis alapján a P. squarrosoides-től abban különbözik, hogy spórái keskenyebbek, és termőtestének nincs illata (SMITH és HESLER 1968). A két fajt egyes források azonosnak tekintik (JACOBSSON 1987, 1991, NOORDELOOS 1999 (JACOBSSON 1989). ...
The rare and protected, brown-spored agaric, Pholiota squarrosoides is reported new to Hungary
from the Juhdöglő-völgy Forest Reserve in the Vértes Mts. The species was identified
according to morphological and molecular data. Traditional infrageneric classification placed
P. squarrosoides to the section Adiposae, but our Maximum Likelihood phylogeny based on
ITS sequences indicates that the species may belong to the section Pholiota along with e.g.,
P. squarrosa and P. lundbergii. A key to the Pholiota species known from Hungary is also
provided.
... Pholiota abietis A. H. Sm. & Hesler, The North American species of Pholiota: 176 (1968) [45] ...
Basidiomycetous macrofungi play important roles in maintaining forest ecosystems via carbon cycling and the mobilization of nitrogen and phosphorus. To understand the impact of human activity on macrofungi, an ongoing project at the Korea National Arboretum is focused on surveying the macrofungi in unexploited areas. Mt. Oseo was targeted in this survey because the number of visitors to this destination has been steadily increasing, and management and conservation plans for this destination are urgently required. Through 5 field surveys of Mt. Oseo from April to October 2012, 116 specimens of basidiomycetous macrofungi were collected and classified. The specimens were identified to the species level by analyzing their morphological characteristics and their DNA sequence data. A total of 80 species belonging to 57 genera and 25 families were identified. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to identify five of these species-Artomyces microsporus, Hymenopellis raphanipes, Pholiota abietis, Phylloporus brunneiceps, and Sirobasidium magnum-in Korea.
... In zijn een latere publikatie (A.H. Smith & L.R.Hesler, 1968Smith, één der grootste Amerikaanse mycologen van deze eeuw, schreef in 1979 een heel interessante bijdrage over de genusafgrenzing in de Strophariaceae (Smith, 1979). Hij benadrukte dat één van de cruciale kenmerken van de familie, de kleur van de sporefiguur, onderhevig is aan een hoge mate van variatie van violet of chocoladebruin tot somber kaneelbruin of kleikleurig. ...
... Another important feature is the brownish sporeprint, which suggests that this taxon belongs in Pholiota. Following Smith and Hesler (1968) and Singer (1986) section possess a well developed annulus, which is not observed in our material. The preliminary results of our survey of Stropharia in southern Brazil have shown that other species belonging to this group of Stropharia, previously classified into Pholiota, are present but their position within the genus remains unclear. ...
Stropharia acanthocystis is described as a new species from southern Brazil. It is characterized by the lack of an annulus and the presence of acanthocytes in the hymenium.
Lignicolous macrofungi are the most important group of wood decomposers. Among the enzymes involved in wood decomposition, ligninases play an important role in this process and species that produce those enzymes degrade both cellulose and lignin. In this study we hypothesized that ligninases are influencing the ecological success of lignicolous macrofungi. Three hypotheses have been tested: h1 – the species producing several types of ligninases have a broader spectrum of hosts/ substrates; h2 – the obligate saprotrophic species have a greater potential in degrading lignin and related compounds than the other groups; and h3 – the frequencies of lignicolous species is related to the production of highly active enzymes. Scientific data compiled from literature and completed with our own experimental results have been statistically interpreted using XLStat and MaxLite Software. Our results confirm the first two hypotheses, proving that ligninases play a direct role in colonizing a wide range of wood types, with chemical particularities. The third hypothesis should be rejected as no correlation has been observed. The present study offers new insights into ecological meanings of ligninases, and is the first attempt to connect the ligninolytic enzyme system to host range.
A systematic study of a rare and enigmatic European species, Galerina clavus Romagn., is presented. Phylogenetic analyses show it to be most closely related to Pachylepyrium carbonicola (A.H. Sm.) Singer and P. funariophilum (M.M. Moser) Singer (Strophariaceae). Investigation of additional species of Pachylepyrium suggests this genus is polyphyletic as the type species, P. fulvidula (Singer) Singer, is nested in the Tubariaceae Vizzini based on multigene phylogenetic analyses. Pachylepyrium nubicola Singer is allied with Pholiota (Fr.) P. Kumm. based on high ITS similarity, and P. carbonicola and P. funariophilum, together with G. clavus, form a clade among a consortium of Strophariaceae Singer & A.H. Sm. and Hymenogastraceae Vittad. As a result, we propose Romagnesiella gen. nov. to accommodate G. clavus, for which a taxonomic description is given and lectotype and epitype are designated. The genus Crassisporium gen. nov. is proposed to encompass Pachylepyrium funariophilum (of which P. carbonicola is considered a younger taxonomic synonym), P. chilense M.M. Moser, and P. squarrulosum Singer. Crassisporium is distinguished from Romagnesiella by its thick-walled basidiospores and occurrence in burnt habitats. The identities of the morphologically similar Tubaria umbonata S. Lundell, T. embolus (Fr.) Sacc. and T. minima J.E. Lange are also discussed.
A new species Pholiota chocenensis is described based on collections from the Czech Republic and Italy. Both the macro- and micromorphology and the the ITS-LSU rDNA sequences showed that P. chocenensis differs from all European species of Pholiota sect. Spumosae. Its key diagnostic characters are: medium-sized fruitbodies, pileus strongly glutinous, yellow-brown to orange with a rusty-brown tinge, with paler margin covered by whitish fibrillose-flocculose veil remnants, stipe covered with distinct, dense, fibrillose-floccose to floccose-scaly veil remnants of yellow-rusty to rusty-orange colour, spores ovoid, 6.4–8 × 4.4–4.8 μm, abundant cheilo- and pleurocystidia of utriform to fusiform-lageniform shape, growth on soil. Molecularly, it is unique by a 68-bp-long insert in the ITS-LSU rDNA gene which is absent in other Pholiota species. Similar European and North American taxa are compared. A possible synonymy of P. brunnescens with P. highlandensis is discussed.
We characterized the epigeous macrofungus communities in two old-growth conifer forests by collecting sporocarps. Despite the similarity in dominant tree species in the two forests, the macrofungus communities were very different. At the drier, nitrogen-poor Deer Park area, the macrofungi were dominated by ectomycorrhizal species in the genera Cortinarius, Tricholoma, Hydnellum, Suillus, and Sarcodon. At the wetter, higher nitrogen Hoh Valley, the macrofungi were characterized by ectomycorrhizal species in different genera, such as Inocybe, Russula, Amanita, Boletus, and Phaeocollybia, and saprotrophic fungi accounted for a greater proportion of the community. Species richness was similar at the two areas, but sporocarp production was much higher at Deer Park. We propose that (i) these community differences developed over a long time; (ii) they are largely related to differences in ecosystem moisture and nitrogen abundance; and (iii) within the ectomycorrhizal fungi, possible causal mechanisms involve mycelial morphology and carbon allocation within the symbioses. The apparent response to relatively small but presumably long-term differences in nitrogen abundance suggests that sporocarp production by macrofungi could be an effective bioindicator and should be considered in determination of critical loads for atmospheric nitrogen deposition to temperate and boreal forests.Key words: critical nitrogen loads, ectomycorrhizal fungi, macrofungi, macrofungus communities, nitrogen, old-growth conifer forests.
Matheny et al. (2009) recently recognized seven major lineages composed of Inocybe and allies. Clade names were proposed for each lineage with a suggestion to recognize each informally at the generic rank within the family Inocybaceae. Here, additional taxonomic ramifications are discussed in contrast to other alternative classifications. Generic status for the seven major lineages of Inocybaceae is discussed, taking into consideration a global sample of taxa. A key to major clades and genera is provided.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.