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Flora of Turkey and The East Aegean Islands
... As seen in the dendrogram shown in Figure 5, the taxa belonging to the Teucrium were found parallel to the morphological classification made according to Davis (1982 orientalis with a 0.700 similarity coefficient. In addition, it was observed that they were included in the same genetic group with the Teucrium and Ajuga genera ( Figure 5). ...
... In addition, it was observed that they were included in the same genetic group with the Teucrium and Ajuga genera ( Figure 5). It was observed that this genetic grouping supports the morphological classification made by Davis (1982 chimerae Boissieu and P. lunariifolia Sm.) and divided the UPGMA tree into two main groups based on the distances. ...
... It was observed as the furthest member to its group with its similarity rate of 0.506 and the similarity rate to L. album with 0.379 and P. lanceolata. The data of the present study are parallel to the morphological classification made according to Davis (1982). Bendiksby et al. (2011) stated that the genus Ballota is polyphyletic; it is similar to other Lamioideae genera but does not come from a common ancestor. ...
In this study, the relationship between 54 taxa of 21 genera belonging to the family Lamiaceae, which grow naturally in Bitlis province, was examined. Genetic similarities between taxa were determined by RAPD - PCR technique. According to the results, the genera Phlomis L., Lamium L., Ballota L., Stachys L. and Sideritis L. in the subfamily of Lamioideae were supported by the morphological systematics; whereas, the genera Marrubium L. separated from the group. It was observed that taxa belonging to the genera Nepeta L., Lallemantia Fisch. & C.A. Mey, Melissa L., Prunella L., Origanum L., Satureja L., Clinopodium L., Cyclotrichium (Boiss.) Manden. & Scheng., Mentha L. and Salvia L. from the subfamily Nepeteoideae supported morphological system, but Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. taxa showed difference. According to similarity matrix, the similarity was found mostly between Clinopodium vulgare L. subsp. arundanum (Boiss.) Nyman and Clinopodium graveolens subsp. rotundifolium (Pers.) Govaerts with the rate of 0.955 and between Salvia verticillata L. subsp. verticillata and Salvia verticillata subsp. amasiaca (Freyn & Bornm.) Bornm. with the rate of 0.934.
... Lathyrus belongs to the subfamily Papilionoideae known as sweet pea. The species is herbaceous, perennials in the temperate region, the common species is Lathyrus sativus L. which refers to the genus, the members are distributed in the northern hemisphere with a disjunction in south America, and distributed and in Western Eurasia, specially around the eastern Mediterranean, with over a third of the species native in Turkey (Davis, 1970). Many researchers studied the seeds of Fabaceae, Quilichini et al., (2022) pointed out that the seed coat is a good source of dietary fiber, as well, the previous studies such as Kislev and Hop (1985) and Güneş (2013) have indicated that relying just on seed traits is insufficient for distinguishing across taxa. ...
... Morphological investigatione dependened on many characters, including stem, leaflet, flower, pod and seed, the identification of the taxa was based on the (Davis, 1970;Townsend and Guest, 1974;Lewis et al., 2005). The morphological characteristics of the seeds (general shape, ornamentation on the seed surface) were examined by a scanning electron microscope. ...
Anatomy and morphology study of seeds for seven Lathyrus L., 1753 species in Iraq; the species were: L. annuus L.,1753, L. aphaca L., 1753, L. chloranthus Boiss., 1859, L. cicera L., 1753, L. sativus L., 1753, L. inconspicuus L., 1753 and L. sphaericus Retz.,1753. There are 17 species of the Fabaceae family that are distributed throughout the middle and northern regions of Iraq. Using a scanning electron microscope, the study's characteristics were examined to ascertain the taxonomic relationships, interactions, and issues that impeded the species' ability to be separated according to taxa. The seeds were glossy in all species except L. sativus L. and L. sphaericus L. which were matt, the surface cells wall undulation, the wax covered the peak of the conical papillae, the anatomical characteristics determined by cross section in seeds and pointed some trails such us ,Epidermis parenchyma thickness and Palisade, the species L. annus L. and L.aphaca L. were given the highest value of exocarps thickness (5.5) µm while the species L.sativus recorded the Lowest mean (3.8)µm, the seed coat in L. sativus L. is detached from some epidermis in some area with pit aperture, in according the epidermis thickness, the species classification to three groups the L. aphaca L. and L. sphericaus Retz. recorded the highest value (46-49) µm respectively, L. sphaericus Retz. recorded the highest value of palisade thickness which was 61 µm, some unique trails such us present the pit in exocarp, and the pit cavity was along parenchyma layer in L. sativus L., the similar morphology features are considered the evidence for the proximity of the taxa, so the internal structure (anatomy) of the seeds can be used to separate the taxa.
... intermedia). TÜRKIYE: Aegean, Central Anatolia, Eastern Anatolia and Marmara, Davis (1965, Bennett (1893a,b, as J. intermedia), McNeill (1910, Matthews (1930, as J.c. var. intermedia), Hayward and Druce (1930, as J.c. var. ...
The common juniper (Juniperus communis L.) is a widely distributed species in the northern hemisphere, with numerous infraspecific taxa proposed over time. Eight groups are currently recognized, three of them occurring in Europe and the Mediterranean; they are considered as species, subspecies or varieties, with the country of origin of the taxonomists having a strong influence on this decision. Introgressions and hybrids have been recognized among some of these infraspecific taxa. This paper typifies two known hybrids between Eurasian varieties of J. communis, and discusses several confusing names proposed in this group, related with these nothovarieties. Juniperus communis nothovar. intermedia is a hybrid between J. communis var. communis and J. communis var. saxatilis, widely distributed in Europe, but sometimes ignored or confused with other taxa; several names applied to infraspecific taxa of this group actually seem to refer to this hybrid. It was described in 1851, but there is no known type; a neotype is proposed in this paper. A hybrid between J. communis var. hemisphaerica and J. communis var. saxatilis was reported in 2020, but not properly described; it is done in this paper. Published online www.phytologia.org Phytologia 106(2): 13-32 (June 20, 2024). ISSN 030319430. KEY WORDS: Juniper taxonomy, Juniper hybrids, Typification ____________________________________________________________________________________ The Juniperus communis L. complex is widely distributed throughout the northern hemisphere, with several infraspecific entities, morphologically different but genetically quite similar. In his description of the species Linné (1753) recognized the occurrence of infraspecific entities, describing three groups: a tree juniper, a shrub juniper and a minor mountain juniper. Along the 19th century three entities were differentiated in Europe. The first one included ascending to arborescent junipers with straight patent leaves. The second group included procumbent mountain junipers with incurved leaves. A third group was added in 1822, of procumbent mountain junipers with straight leaves, described from Sicilian specimens. According to the different authors, these groups were considered species, varieties or subspecies, with a plethora of names, among which sibirica, saxatilis, nana, montana or alpina dominate for the first group, communis, suecica or vulgaris for the second, and hemisphaerica for the latter. The profuse taxonomy of J. communis is due to its variability and the fact that the characters used in its differentiation are not decisive individually, although they may be consistent when considered together. The groups of junipers have been separated for their leaves of a somewhat different width or length to the "type" juniper, incurved or straight, and with seed cones of greater or lesser size; but in all cases it is possible to find a continuous range of shapes and dimensions between the extremes. In addition, the habit of the plant is a constant in the descriptions, although it is strongly influenced not only by climate and wind exposure, but also by human action. Adams and Schwarzbach (2012) indicate that the separation between J. communis var. communis and J. communis var. saxatilis Pallas in Europe and Central Asia is largely based on the arboreal versus shrubby habit, although many populations include individuals ranging from trees to decumbent shrubs. Arborescent junipers are common in some regions, but rare in others, such as the Mediterranean, where a very slow growth is combined with a secular anthropic pressure. The variability of J. communis is evident within a population, with a large number of morphotypes, but also at the individual level, with branches with leaves of different curvature, width and length (Enríquez-de-Salamanca 2017).
... Some specimens have been preserved as herbarium specimens and deposited in the Basrah University Herbarium (BSRA). Specimens were identified based on the keys and descriptions in the flora of Turkey (Davis, 1978), flora of Iranica (Akhani and Forther, 1994), flora of Malesiana (Riedl, 1997), flora of Egypt (Boulos, 2000), and Electronic flora of Pakistan (eFloras, 2022). ...
Heliotropium curassavicum L., 1753 belongs to the Boraginaceae family, and it was recorded for the first time to the Flora of Iraq in Basrah Province, Iraq. Its morphological characteristics have been described with photos; as well as a taxonomical key has been suggested to separate it from other species of Heliotropium that grow in Basrah Province. The geographical distribution of the species was determined, and the results showed that it was grown in five different locations along the southern parts of Shatt Al-Arab. Pollen morphology and anatomy of leaves were studied by using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which showed that the species has psilate and hexa-heterocolpate pollen grains, and the leaves were glabrous with anomocytic and hemiparacytic stomata.
... The existing data of the species (sample points), environmental variables (bioclimatic data), and future climate change scenarios are required to obtain results from the MaxEnt algorithm. Sample spots of J. drupacea were obtained from available literature and field observations ( Table 1) [19][20][21][22]. The coordinates of these points were marked in the WGS84 coordinate system in the current version of the QGIS 3.22 program utilizing Google Earth Satellite 5 m resolution base maps as the base data ( Figure 1) [23]. ...
Ethnobotanical studies revealed the experience and knowledge of people who learned the therapeutic virtues of plants through trials and errors and transferred their knowledge to the next generations. This study determined the ethnobotanical use of Juniperus drupacea (Andiz) in the Antalya province and the current and future potential distribution areas of J. drupacea in Türkiye during 2041–2060 and 2081–2100 according to the SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios and based on the IPSL-CM6A-LR climate change model. The very suitable areas encompassed 22379.7 km². However, when the SSP2-4.5 scenario was considered, the areas most suitable for J. drupacea comprised 6215.892 km² for 2041–2060 and 378.318 km² for 2081–2100. Based on the SSP5-8.5 scenario, the area most suitable for J. drupacea was 979.082 km² for 2041–2060. However, no suitable areas were identified with the SSP5-8.5 scenario for 2081–2100. Considering the models for the future estimated distribution areas of J. drupacea, serious contractions endangering the species are predicted in its distribution areas. Therefore, scientific research should focus on identifying J. drupacea populations and genotypes that demonstrate resilience to future drought conditions resulting from climate change. This endeavor is crucial as it holds significant ecological and economic values.
... Herbarium samples were taken from the plant specimens used by consumers and were identified at Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Köycegiz Vocational High School using references, i.e. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (Davis, 1965(Davis, -1985Davis et al., 1988;Güner et al., 2000). The data of the study, which was carried out in Manavgat (Antalya), were pre-processed by means of a questionnaire and made ready to be summarized, and the answers to the questions were conveyed using a frequency table, percentage value, and graph. ...
The forests provide wood and non-wood forest products besides environmental services. Non-Wood Forest Products (NWFP) have gained more importance than wood raw materials, especially for people in rural areas due to their economic return. The aim of this study is to determine the factors affecting consumer preferences for non-wood forest products. The data of the study, which was carried out in Manavgat (Antalya), were pre-processed by means of a questionnaire and made ready to be summarized, and the answers to the questions were conveyed using a frequency table, percentage value, and graph. Differences between the variables were determined with the chi-square test and evaluations were made on the outputs that were found to be significant. According to the results of this research; (a) Consumers largely use non-wood forest products to benefit from general health protective effects and for pleasure, (b) the majority of the products are consumed in the form of infusion and mixing with foods (c)Among the factors that affect consumption of these plants, habit and recommendations of relatives are first place (d) the most important factor in the purchasing preferences of the products is that they are natural. Among consumers, the rate of obtaining non-wood forest products from nature is very high. In this study, it has been revealed that consumers are conscious of consumption of non-wood products.
... The park area has significant biodiversity in terms of flora and fauna. Davis [20] identifies the research area as part of the Colchis (Colchis) region of the Euro-Siberian floristic region. The forest belt contains broad-leaved conifers, Fagus orientalis, Castanea sativa, and Carpinus sp. ...
The altitude of the habitat is one of the important regulators of species survival. Kaçkar Mountains National Park is located in the Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey. This is the first study on the benthic diatom flora of the high mountain lakes in Kaçkar Mountains National Park, which is situated between 2782 and 3075 m a.s.l. A total of 84 diatom species were identified from benthic communities of 15 habitats in summer (19 July, 28 August) and autumn (10 September) months of 2020. The genus Pinnularia (thirteen species) formed the basis of the taxonomic list, followed by Eunotia (five species), Navicula (five species), and Frustulia (four species) genera, respectively. The waters in all the studied lakes were fresh, low-saline, with low-alkaline or circumneutral pH and organically uncontaminated, as evidenced by prevailed bioindicator groups. Statistical methods and comparative floristic results confirm the role of the lake altitude for the diatom species distribution. The species richness of the studied lakes was higher in lakes with lower altitudes. The statistical approach also revealed the potential for an increase in the number of species in high mountain lakes if the study of the diatom flora of the Kachkar Mountains National Park is continued and the species composition of the lakes is replenished. Further studies will be needed to continue exploring this pattern. To protect studied high mountain lakes, their ecological conditions must be constantly monitored in the Kaçkar Mountains National Park.
... Johnsongrass is an invasive perennial weed belonging to the Poaceae family, it can be propagated by seeds and rhizomes. It is widely spread in the Mediterranean region, both in agricultural lands and beyond (Davis, 1988;Yazlik and Uremis, 2019). Johnsongrass produces thousands of self-fertile seeds. ...
The experiments were conducted in tomato fields and greenhouses in 2019 and 2020 to evaluate the allelopathic effects of white and red cabbage with and without mulch to control johnsongrass. The effect of these methods on Johnsongrass life cycle durations, density, length, fresh and dry weight of stems, and rhizomes were determined. Also, the effect of the treatments on the quantity and quality of tomato production was evaluated. In the greenhouse experiment, tomato seedlings were planted with johnsongrass seeds and rhizomes and were treated with plants' aqueous extracts at concentrations of 2, 5, and 10%. The germination and dry weight reduction percentage of johnsongrass were calculated. Isothiocyanates contained in white and red cabbage were identified by GC-MS. White and red cabbage with mulch reduced johnsongrass density by 69.1 and 65.9%, while the dry weight of stems and rhizomes were reduced by 78.2-74.2% and 71.3-68.0%, respectively. White and red cabbage with mulch treatments achieved an increase in tomato production by 632.1 and 621.8%. According to GC-MS analysis, the predominant isothiocyanate in white cabbage was 3-(methylsulfinyl) propyl (23.43%) and 4-(methylsulfonyl)butyl (10.79%) in red cabbage. The results of these experiments confirm that both white and red cabbage have allelopathic potential that can be used in weed control.
... Meyvelerinin iç sulu kısmı kan kırmızı, dışı ise siyaha çalan mor renktedir. Dünya'da Batı Suriye, Irak ve Avrupa'da, Türkiye'de ise, Batı ve Kuzey Anadolu'da görülmektedir (Davis, 1972;Namıkoğlu, 2008;Arslanoğlu ve ark., 2019). Bodur mürver ise, Lübnan ve Horasan'da dağılım göstermektedir. ...
... Meyvelerinin iç sulu kısmı kan kırmızı, dışı ise siyaha çalan mor renktedir. Dünya'da Batı Suriye, Irak ve Avrupa'da, Türkiye'de ise, Batı ve Kuzey Anadolu'da görülmektedir (Davis, 1972;Namıkoğlu, 2008;Arslanoğlu ve ark., 2019). Bodur mürver ise, Lübnan ve Horasan'da dağılım göstermektedir. ...
Turizm, insanların çeşitli nedenlerden dolayı yaşadıkları yerlerden çıkıp başka yerlere yaptıkları seyahatleri de içeren ve çeşitli süreçlerden oluşan sosyal, kültürel, ekonomik bir olgudur. Günümüzün giderek artan rekabet ve teknolojik gelişmelerin etkisiyle bu olgunun da değiştiği gözlemlenmektedir. Turizm, günümüzde giderek karmaşıklaşan ve hızla evrilen bir sektör haline gelmiştir. Küreselleşme, teknolojik ilerlemeler ve değişen tüketici tercihleri gibi faktörler, turizm endüstrisini geleneksel kalıplardan çıkarıp yenilikçi, tüketici odaklı bir yaklaşıma yönlendirmiştir. Turizm sektöründeki hızlı değişimler destinasyonlar arasında yoğun bir rekabet ortamının oluşmasına neden olmuştur. Artık turistler, sadece gezip görmekle kalmayıp aynı zamanda yaşayacakları deneyimi de önemsemektedirler. Bununla birlikte kültürlerarası etkileşimi de teşvik eden bir olgu haline geldiğinden, turizmin etkisi sadece ekonomik değil aynı zamanda sosyal, kültürel ve çevresel boyutlarda da kendini göstermektedir. Bu bağlamda, destinasyonların sürdürülebilirliği ve turist memnuniyeti, sektördeki başarıyı belirleyen önemli unsurlardan biri haline gelmektedir. Rekabetin keskinleştiği bu ortamda, turizm işletmelerinin ve destinasyonların tüketici odaklı pazarlama anlayışını benimsemesi kaçınılmaz hale geliyor. Turistlerin beklenti ve tercihleri, destinasyonların gelişiminde kritik bir rol oynamaktadır. Dolayısıyla turizm endüstrisinin dinamiklerini anlamak ve rekabet avantajı elde etmek için yapılan araştırmalar, sektörün geleceğini belirlemede önemli rol oynamaktadır. Turist davranışlarının ve trendlerin anlaşılması, destinasyonların stratejik planlama süreçlerinde önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Bu eserde turistlerin turizm ve destinasyon hakkındaki görüşleri, eylemleri ve değerlendirmeleri, bu süreçlere doğrudan ve dolaylı etki eden ve katkı sağlayan tüm etkenleri ve faktörleri çok boyutlu yaklaşımlarla 13 farklı kurum ve kuruluştan 26 yazarın katkıları ile ifade edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Eserin; turizm ve destinasyon konularını kapsayıcı ve çok yönlü bir yapıda ele alıyor olması alanyazına, akademik araştırmacılara, turizm ve destinasyon işletmecilerine destek vereceği ve rehber niteliği taşıyacağı da öngörülmektedir. Bu eseri okumaya ve yararlanmaya değer gören tüm araştırmacılara, akademisyenlere, öğrencilere ve kitap ve okuma gönüllülerine sonsuz teşekkür ederiz. Saygı, selam ve sağlık dileklerimizle…
... Meyvelerinin iç sulu kısmı kan kırmızı, dışı ise siyaha çalan mor renktedir. Dünya'da Batı Suriye, Irak ve Avrupa'da, Türkiye'de ise, Batı ve Kuzey Anadolu'da görülmektedir (Davis, 1972;Namıkoğlu, 2008;Arslanoğlu ve ark., 2019). Bodur mürver ise, Lübnan ve Horasan'da dağılım göstermektedir. ...
... Suitable for continental climate. Flood resistant [55]. ...
This article describes an effective approach for selecting suitable plant species for afforestation in post-mining rehabilitation. The research was conducted in the Western Black Sea region of Turkey. The aim of the research is to perform accurate criteria weighting and species prioritization for afforestation in post-mining degraded areas. This helps to ensure consistent conditions for the future use of the site as a forest, sustainability of nature, and selection of appropriate species adapted to the difficult post-mining conditions. In this study, which is a multi-criteria decision-making problem (MCDM), the weights of the criteria were determined by stepwise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA), and the priority ranking of the species was determined by the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Analyses were carried out with 10 afforestation criteria and five tree species. According to the analysis, the top three ranked criteria are Economic Efficiency > Carbon Stock and Credit > Reducing Afforestation Cost. The five species’ priority ranking is Robinia pseudoacacia L. (0.456) > Alnus glutinosa subsp. glutinosa (0.248) > Populus nigra subsp. nigra (0.146) > Salix alba L. (0.103) > Quercus robur subs. robur (0.048). The hybrid approach is expected to increase the effectiveness of post-mining rehabilitation works.
... L. aestivum bulbs were gathered from natural habitat (Bolu-Gölcük) in March at the vegetative stage when they had reached about 5 cm in length (Mill 1984). Nearly the same size of the L. aestivum bulbs was chosen randomly and planted into the pots (18.5 cm × 15.5 cm) containing the soil mixture, including 4:1:1 (v:v) ratios of peat (Terradena®, 65% peat, and 35% soil), sand, and vermiculite (Agrekal®), respectively (Fig. 1). ...
Leucojum aestivum L. is an Amaryllidaceae bulbous plant with two alkaloids that have remarkable medicinal potential: galanthamine and lycorine. Although the presence of galanthamine in L. aestivum has commercial value for the pharmaceutical industry and the effect of water stress (WS) applications on secondary metabolite enhancement is well established in a variety of plants, no studies have been carried out to reveal the effectiveness of WS on this beneficial medicinal plant. Objective of the study was to investigate the effects of eight different WS treatments [Control, waterlogging (WL) condition, and drought stress conditions (water deficiency generated by water deficit irrigation-WDI 25%, 50%, and 75%- and polyethylene glycol-PEG 6000 15%, 30%, and 45%-)] on growth parameters, alkaloid levels (galanthamine and lycorine), non-enzymatic antioxidant activities (total phenol-flavonoid content and free radical scavenging activity), and enzymatic antioxidant activities [superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)] of L. aestivum in a pot experiment. Based on the findings, maximum increases in growth parameters were obtained with PEG-induced WS treatments. Moderate water deficiency (50% WDI) produced the highest levels of galanthamine and lycorine, total phenol-flavonoid content, and antioxidant capacity, along with moderately elevated CAT activity in the bulbs. All WS treatments resulted in increased CAT activity in the bulbs. It was observed that bulbs had higher SOD and CAT activities under WL conditions had lower fresh weights and were close to control in terms of alkaloid levels, total phenol-flavonoid content, and free radical scavenging activity. When all of the outcomes were taken into account, it can be concluded that moderate water-deficit stress (50% WDI) was regarded as the most effective treatment for increasing the pharmaceutical value of L. aestivum .
Graphical abstract
... According to the East Aegean Islands and Flora of Turkey [52], L. minor and L. gibba belong to the duckweed family and are members of the Lemna genus [53]. They are divided into five genera: Lemna, Spirodela, Landoltia, Wolffiella, and Wolffia. ...
Pollutants accumulate in aquatic habitats due to mining activities. The duckweed family includes water plants such as Lemna gibba and Lemna minor, which are tiny, delicate, free-floating aquatic plants. L. minor and L. gibba were used in this study to examine the accumulation capacities of Mo4+, Pb++, and Cu++ in acidic fluids from copper mining. Two reactors were assigned to L. gibba and L. minor, respectively. These plants and the reactor water were gathered daily for 8 days. Acid mine water pH, temperature, and electric conductivity were also tested daily. L. gibba and L. minor were cleaned, dehydrated, and burned in a drying oven for a whole day at 300 °C. ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy) was used to determine the Mo4+, Pb++, and Cu++ content of the plant and water samples. The Mo, Pb, and Cu concentrations in the copper mining acidic fluids were 30 ± 4, 260 ± 12, and 15,535 ± 322 μg L−1, respectively. Regarding Mo, Pb, and Cu extraction from copper mining acidic fluids, L. gibba and L. minor performed more efficiently than control samples, gathering 29 and 177 times more Mo, 30 and 109 times more Pb, and 495 and 1150 times more Cu, respectively. Considering these findings, L. gibba and L. minor are good plants for rehabilitating polluted waters and can efficiently remove Mo, Pb, and Cu from acid mine fluids.
... According to the East Aegean Islands and Flora of Turkey [52], L. minor and L. gibba belong to the Duckweed family and are members of the Lemna genus [53]. They are divided into five genera: Lemna, Spirodela, Landoltia, Wolffiella, and Wolffia. ...
Pollutants accumulate in aquatic habitats as a result of mining activities. Lemna gibba and Lemna minor were used in this study to examine the accumulation capacities of Mo+, Pb+, and Cu++ in the acid fluids of the copper mining. Duckweed family includes water plants like L. minor and L. gibba. These are tiny, delicate, free-floating aquatic plants. Two reactors were assigned to L. gibba and L. minor, respectively. Throughout the course of eight days, these plants and reactor water were gathered every day. The acid mine water's pH, temperature, and electric conductivity were also tested every day. The L. gibba and L. minor were cleaned, dehydrated, and burned in a drying oven for a whole day at 300 oC. ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy) was used to determine the Mo+, Pb+, and Cu++ content of the plant and water samples. The concentrations of Mo, Pb, and Cu in the acid mine fluids of the copper mining were 30±4, 260±12, and 15535±322 μg L−1, respectively.in that order. When it came to extracting Mo, Pb, and Cu from the acidic fluids of the copper mining, L. gibba and L. minor performed well and efficiently compared to control samples; they did so 29 and 177 times for Mo, 30 and 109 times for Pb, and 495 and 1150 times for Cu. Considering all these findings, it has been shown that L. gibba and L. minor have the ability to efficiently remove Mo, Pb and Cu in acid mine fluids and can be good rehabilitation plants for polluted waters.
... In 2021 and 2022, plant samples were systematically collected from various villages. The authors, Belkıs Muca YİĞİT, pressed and described the scientific names of the collected specimens, referencing authoritative botanical resources such as the Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, the Turkish Plants List (Vascular Plants), the Flora of the USSR, Flora Europaea, Flora Iranica, Flora of Iraq, and Flora Palaestina [17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. The Plant List was used to determine the scientific names of plant species. ...
Objective: This study was conducted to systematically document the use of plants, plant parts and preparation methods used by people in eight districts and sixty villages in Ağrı province. Material and Method: The medicinal plant species employed by the indigenous population for therapeutic purposes were systematically gathered and identified. Comprehensive data on traditionally utilized information were compiled, and herbarium materials were prepared. These materials have been deposited at the Iğdır National Wild Life Museum (INWM), affiliated with Iğdır University. Result and Discussion: This research identified a total of 58 taxa of medicinal plants belonging to 31 families. Among these, 50 species were found to grow naturally, while 8 species were cultivated. The predominant plant families included Asteraceae (8), Apiaceae (4), Lamiaceae (4), and Rosaceae (4). Infusion emerged as the most widely employed preparation method. The practice of traditional medicine remained prevalent among the population in Ağrı. Nevertheless, with the increasing availability of health services in the region, herbal medicine appeared to be more closely associated with healthcare and illness prevention than with curative purposes. The influx of new immigrants also contributed to the erosion of traditional knowledge. Notably, there is a discernible decline in traditional knowledge regarding the use of medicinal plants, both among younger generations and due to migration. Furthermore, this research serves as a foundational resource for prospective scientific inquiries aimed at the development of novel commercial drugs derived from plant sources.
... Astragalus has a very wide distribution, including nearly 3,000 taxa, extending from Asia and Europe to America (Podlech & Zarre 2013), and is especially diverse in the cold, semiarid, and arid regions of the old World (approximately 2400 species); in western regions of North America (about 450 species); and especially along the Andean Mountains in South America (about 100 species) (Maassoumi 1998, Podlech & Zarre 2013. In Türkiye, it grows mainly in dry habitats on steppes throughout the East and Central Anatolian Regions and includes at least 480 species (Chamberlain & Matthews 1970, Davis et al. 1988, Aytaç et al. 2000, Akan et al. 2008, Podlech & Zarre 2013, Uzun et al. 2021, Fırat 2023). There are 13 species belonging to the sect. ...
... According to the East Aegean Islands and Flora of Turkey [36]. L. minor and L. gibba belong to duckweed family and are the member of the Lemna genus [37]. ...
Pollutants accumulate in aquatic habitats as a result of mining activities. Lemna gibba and Lemna minor were used in this study to examine the accumulation capacities of Mo, Pb, and Cu in the acid fluids of the copper mining. Duckweed family includes water plants like L. minor and L. gibba. These are tiny, delicate, free-floating aquatic plants. Two reactors were assigned to L. gibba and L. minor, respectively. Throughout the course of eight days, these plants and reactor water were gathered every day. The acid mine water's pH, temperature, and electric conductivity were also tested every day. The L. gibba and L. minor were cleaned, dehydrated, and burned in a drying oven for a whole day at 300 oC. ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy) was used to determine the Mo, Pb, and Cu content of the plant and water samples. The concentrations of Mo, Pb, and Cu in the acid mine fluids of the copper mining were 30±4, 260±12, and 15535±322 μg L−1, in that order. When it came to extracting Mo, Pb, and Cu from the acidic fluids of the copper mining, L. gibba and L. minor performed well and efficiently compared to control samples; they did so 29 and 177 times for Mo, 30 and 109 times for Pb, and 495 and 1150 times for Cu. All things considered, the findings point to the possible application of L. gibba and L. minor in environmental rehabilitation by demonstrating their ability to efficiently extract Mo, Pb, and Cu from acid mine fluids.
... In its native range, Dittrichia graveolens grows in open habitats with sparse vegetation cover, usually on the banks of water bodies, in temporarily or intermittently flooded areas, on gravel deposits, and often in saline soils. The species frequently colonises anthropogenic habitats with nitrogen-rich soils, such as wastelands, roadsides and cultivated lands (Davis, 1975;Guinochet & Vilmorin, 1982;Pignatti, 1982;Brullo & Marco, 2000). ...
For a long time, railways were the main pathway for the accidental introduction of alien plant species, but now highways and other roads are becoming increasingly important in this process. Considering that Dittrichia graveolens is spreading rapidly along highways in Central Europe and neighbouring Poland, a targeted search was conducted in Lithuania in 2023. Dittrichia graveolens was recorded at two sites along the Kalvarija-Kaunas highway (Kazlų Rūda district, in the environs of Pentupiai, and Kaunas city, in the environs of Jonučiai). At both sites, the species occupied relatively compact stands consisting of several hundred individuals, suggesting that the stands were formed from locally matured seeds. The mean number of flowers per capitulum in Lithuania in 2023 was 20.5 ± 4.9, and the realised fecundity was 89.7% of the potential fecundity. It is presumed that the seeds of Dittrichia graveolens were accidentally introduced into Lithuania by trucks, probably attached to tyres. Currently, this species is classified as a casual alien, but its naturalisation is expected. The study revealed that the first record of Dittrichia graveolens in Poland was not in 2013, as previously reported, but more than 20 years earlier, in 1990, near Kraków, at the slag deposit site of the Nowa Huta Steelworks.
... These fruits are visually distinctive due to their unique shape, fragrance, and slightly sweet taste. It is noteworthy that T. vulgaris seeds are easy to cultivate and can thrive in various soil types (Davis, 1982;Dajawi, 1996;Hanrahan and Odle, 2005). ...
Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) is an enduring herb belonging to the mint family, Lamiaceae. It originates from the Mediterranean region and is characterized by its small, aromatic leaves, and sturdy stem. Appreciated for its robust and delightful scent, thyme is widely embraced as a culinary herb. However, its significance extends far beyond the kitchen, as it has been utilized medicinally for centuries. This is owing to the occurrence of active compounds like thymol and carvacrol, which possess noteworthy antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory attributes. Throughout history, thyme has been employed in the treatment of respiratory disorders, digestive ailments, and other diseases. The main objective of this study was to conduct an extensive review of the thyme plant, encompassing its classification, historical background, geographical distribution, chemical composition, and both economic and medicinal applications, particularly emphasizing its antiparasitic properties. In conclusion, apart from its well-known culinary and medicinal uses, scientific research has indicated that thyme exhibits promising effectiveness against diverse parasites. Notably, research has shown that thyme exhibited antiprotozoal activity against protozoan parasites such as Giardia lamblia, Trichomonas vaginalis, Toxoplasma gondii, Entamoeba histolytica, and others. Specific thyme extract components have shown great activity against these parasites. Thyme also has larvicidal properties, meaning that it can kill larvae. This includes Anisakis larvae, which can cause anisakiasis in humans. Thyme essential oil has been shown to effectively eliminate these larvae, suggesting that it could be used to prevent anisakiasis. Furthermore, it has also been studied for its potential to treat hepatic coccidiosis in rabbits. Research has shown that thyme oil, along with Moringa oleifera oil, can effectively reduce the number of oocysts shed by infected rabbits and improve the clinical signs of the infection. This suggests that thyme oil may be a promising therapeutic agent for tackling hepatic coccidiosis.
... The identification of reported wild edible plants was carried out following the methods outlined in Davis et al. (1988) and Davis (1965Davis ( -1985. Prof. Dr. Ali Kandemir conducted the identifications, and two specimens of each wild edible plant species, along with detailed information on the collection locality, plant characteristics, vernacular names, native culinary uses, and cultural significance, were deposited in the herbarium of the Turkey Seed Gene Bank in Ankara and the Erzincan Horticultural Research Institute. ...
This comprehensive article offers a thorough exploration of the abundant plant species that hold a deep connection with the history and daily life of Sivas, within the context of its traditional culture and ethnobotany. The Asteraceae family, which encompassed 22 species, emerged as the most diverse family. Other notable families included Brassicaceae (8 species), Fabaceae (9 species), Polygonaceae (10 species), Apiaceae (11 species), and Lamiaceae (21 species), and the study systematically classified 128 plant species and subplants into 29 different families. The study categorized these plants based on their edible parts to understand their role in Sivas' culinary traditions, revealing a wide range of edible components, including leaves, seeds, flowers, roots, tubers, gum, fruits, branches, and more. Cerinthe minor, Berberis vulgaris, Stachys lavandulifolia and others provided nourishing leaves and young shoots. The study categorized plants based on their preparation methods, highlighting their integral role in Sivas' traditional cuisine. Seeds namely Echinops orientalis and Cephalaria procera introduced culinary diversity, while certain plants, such as Geranium tuberosum and Cirsium rhizocephalum, contributed edible roots, expanding the repertoire of local dishes. Whether utilized in cooked dishes, salads, or as spices, these plants impart unique flavors and aromas to the local culinary creations. Whether used in cooked dishes, salads, or as spices, these plants add unique flavors and aromas to local food. Spices such as Mentha longifolia and Thymus leucotrichus enriched the culinary landscape, while Thymus sipyl-eus and Ziziphora clinopodioides brought their distinct tastes to dishes. The repeated use of common names across different species, such as "Yemlik" "Yağlıca" "Nane" and "Kekik" suggests a shared cultural heritage and linguistic connection among these plants, further emphasizing their significance in the local context. Five species have been newly documented as additions to the flora of Sivas. In summary, this study underscores the importance of preserving Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at https:// doi. and appreciating the botanical knowledge and practices of Sivas traditional culture and ethnobotany. The numerical values within the findings quantitatively showcase the ecological and cultural richness of these plant species, thus making this subject a vital area of study for researchers and a valuable resource for con-servationists aiming to safeguard this unique cultural and botanical heritage.
... S. spiralis (L.) Chevall, which is classified as having the "Least Concern" status according to the European IUCN Red List (Rankou, H.2011) is perennial or tuberous plant. S.spiralis which is called the pearl orchid (Güner et al 2012) is one of the two Spiranthes species in Türkiye (Davis, 1967). Unlike other temperate orchids, plants flowers during autumn. ...
For effective conservation of threatened orchids, identifying root-associated fungi and assessing their activity in seed germination is important for establishing conservation protocols. Therefore, our study investigated the diversity of Spiranthes spiralis‘s root-associated fungi. According to the culture-dependent approach, 37 endophytic fungi were isolated from the roots and morphologically and molecularly identified. It was determined that the dominant fungal species in the roots was the genus Tulasnella. For the first time in Türkiye, the Thanatephorus fusisporus species was isolated from roots. The germination efficiency of the isolated fungi in the symbiotic culture of S. spiranthes seeds was evaluated. VY 25 (Tulasnella) isolate isolated in April showed the highest germination rate (73.77%). VY 4, VY 18, VY 25, (Tulasnella) isolates promoted germination and seedling development. Thanatephorus (46.79%) and Ceratobasidium (32.42%) were not effective in germinating seeds. The study revealed that the fungal partner varied according to developmental stages and months. This study contains the first molecular data for organisms isolated from roots in Türkiye. According to these results, fungi that promote seed germination and plant growth can be recommended for the conservation and reintroduction of endangered temperate orchids.
... More than 1200 geophyte species are naturally distributed in Turkey (Davis, 1988;Güner et al. 2000;Açay, 2018). Of the 1250 Allium species found in the world, 175 are naturally distributed in Turkey and some are used as garlic. ...
Unconscious collection from nature may lead to the extinction of the Tunceli Garlic plant, which is endemic to Turkey. Preventing this situation can be possible by culturing the plant under field conditions. At the same time, garlic is a plant that requires the use of large amounts of cloves. This is one of the most important factors that increases production costs.
Medicinal and aromatic plants have attracted attention recently for their essential oil content. This study aims to compare, for the first time, essential oil of Artemisia dracunculus L. and Artemisia dracunculoides L., which are closely related species. Yield values of this Artemisia spp. were determined, and the highest drug-herb yield (119.01 kg/ha) was found for Artemisia dracunculus L. The essential oil components of these species grown under organic production conditions in Bayburt, Türkiye, were determined by the microwave hydrodistillation method for the first time and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The essential oil ratio for A. dracunculus was 1.40 %, whereas it was 1.21 % for A. dracunculoides; 42 components were found in A. dracunculus essential oil, while 38 were found in A. dracunculoides essential oil. Estragole was the most abundant essential oil component in A. dracunculus L. (69.34%) and A. dracunculoides L. (67.51%). The GC-MS results, showed that A. dracunculus L. is more suitable for use in perfumery and food industries than A. dracunculoides.
Bu çalışmada Hatay ilinde yayılış gösteren, nesli tehlike altında olan, nadir ve endemik bitki türlerinin güncel durumlarının belirlenmesi ve bu bitkilerin koruma altına alınması amaçlanmıştır. 2020-2022 yılları arasında yürütülen arazi çalışmaları sonucunda 20 adet bitki taksonunun güncel durumu belirlenmiş, herbaryum örnekleri hazırlanmış ve tohum örnekleri toplanmıştır. Herbaryum ve tohum örnekleri Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğüne teslim edilmiştir. Bu bitkilerden 10’u dar yayılışlı (lokal) endemik türlerdir (Acantholimon laxiflorum, Noccaea ali-atahanii, Centaurea arifolia, Centaurea doddsii, Centaurea foliosa, Centaurea ptosimopappa, Dorycnium amani, Salvia sericeotomentosa var. hatayica, Salvia sericeotomentosa var. sericeotomentosa ve Scorzonera pacis). Endemik türlerin 2’si CR, 4’ü EN, 1’i VU ve 3’ü DD tehlike kategorilerinde yer almaktadır. Diğer 10 takson ülkemizde sadece Hatay ili ve yakın çevresinde yayılışı olan nadir türlerdir (Gonocytisus pterocladus, Helichrysum sanguineum, Hypericum russeggeri, Origanum laevigatum, Petrorhagia syriaca, Salvia aramiensis, Salvia cassia, Salvia viscosa, Thymus eigii, Verbascum antiochium). Bu taksonlardan 8’i VU ve 2’si DD kategorisinde bulunmaktadır. Yapılan gözlemlerde, tarım arazisine dönüştürme, aşırı toplama, madencilik, aşırı otlatma, yol yapımı ve yapılaşmanın bitkiler üzerindeki insan kaynaklı olumsuz etkiler olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu türlerden, 2018 yılında keşfedilen ve yerleşim yerlerine çok yakın bir yerde ve çok dar bir alanda yayılış gösteren Noccaea ali-atahanii türünün çok acil olarak koruma altına alınması gerekmektedir.
The Kasatura Bay region is one of Türkiye’s Important Plant Areas and plant biodiversity hotspots. In this study, the diversity and gradient of the sand-dune vegetation in Kasatura Bay were studied. Vegetation sampling was carried out by using the Braun-Blanquet method. The vegetation dataset was recorded in the TURBOVEG database management program. For classification, Beta-Flexible clustering (β = −0.25) and the correlation similarity index were used in the PC-ORD program. Diagnostic species of the communities were determined in the JUICE program using the φ-coefficient (higher than 0.30). Detrended Canonical Correspondence analysis was applied to data in the CANOCO program to understand the effect of ecological factors on vegetation diversity. Ellenberg ecological indicator values were used as the ecological variables. As a result, seven different plant communities were identified at the Kasatura Bay sand dunes. A new association of Sileno thymifoliae–Cionuretum erectae ass. nova was identified under the alliance Sileno thymifoliae–Jurineion kilaeae. The sand-dune vegetation represents high diversity, also including endemic plants, some of which are globally threatened. Due to all this diversity, settled on sensitive conditions, conservation strategies need to be developed to protect and ensure the continuity of Kasatura Bay sand-dune vegetation in the face of intense human pressure.
This research was carried out to determine the Sorbus L. species distributed within the borders of Rize Province between 2011-2013 and to reveal the differences (morphological, anatomical and ecological) between them. It has been determined that there are 4 taxa belonging to the genus Sorbus L. in the research area, which is located in the A8 square according to the grid system. Identified taxa; Sorbus aucuparia L., Sorbus subfusca (Ledeb) Boiss, Sorbus caucasica (Zinserl) There var. yaltırikii Gökşin and Sorbus umbellata. var. cretica (Lindl) Schneidear . The morphological, anatomical, and ecological characteristics of these taxa, which are naturally distributed in the flora of the research area, were examined comparatively. Localities of Sorbus L. taxa distributed in the region, characteristics of habitats, and species identification keys have been contributed. The localities of the taxa that naturally spread in the region were determined, and their maps were processed according to the GPS coordinates data.
The aim of this study was to determine the anatomical and morphological characteristics of two endemic taxa of $Barbarea auriculata$ naturally growing in Türkiye. In morphological studies, characteristics of the vegetative (root, stem, and leaf) and generative (flower, fruit, and seed) structures of both taxa were determined and detailed descriptions were given. Furthermore, according to the morphological data obtained, the identification key was revised again. In anatomical analyses, cross-sections were taken manually from the roots, stems, and leaves of the two taxa. The sections were made into permanent preparations and examined under a binocular light microscope. Sections were then photographed with an integrated camera system. The morphological and anatomical characteristics of both species are discussed in detail according to their similarities and differences.
Türkiye’nin doğal türleri arasında bulunan Silene compacta Fischer’in yoğun çiçek salkımına ve gösterişli pembe çiçeklere sahip olması, ona süs bitkisi olarak kullanım potansiyeli sunmaktadır. Bu araştırma deniz seviyesinden yüksekliği ortalama 1962 m’deki lokasyondan toplanan tohumların ve bu tohumlardan yetiştirilen bitkilerin sıcaklığa ve vernalizasyona verdiği tepkilere genel bir bakış sağlamak için tasarlanmıştır. Araştırmada, S.compacta’nın generatif yöntem ile çoğaltılması, yetiştirilmesi ve çiçeklenmesinin sağlanması ve başarılı ticari üretime izin verecek bir protokol önerme amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, S.compacta tohumlarının embriyonik dinlenmede olduğu belirlenmiş ve farklı sürelerde nemli soğuk katlama uygulamaları gerçekleştirilmiştir. Soğuk katlamaya alınan tohumlar +4℃’de bekletilmiş ve periyodik olarak oda koşullarına çıkarılmıştır. 45 gün nemli soğuk katlamaya alınan tohumlarda, 25℃’de %70,67 oranında çimlenme gerçekleşmiştir. Çimlenen tohumlar sera koşullarında büyütülmüştür. Birinci yılın sonunda sapa kalkma gerçekleşmemiş ve çiçeksiz, bol yapraklı formda kalmışlardır. Bu gözlemin ardından bitkiler vernalizasyon denemesine alınmıştır. Saksılı bol yapraklı bir (1) yaşlı bitkiler, aydınlatmalı, +4℃ sıcaklıkta farklı sürelerde bekletilmiştir. 100 gün vernalizasyon koşullarında bekletilen saksılarda ilk çiçek tomurcuğu gözlenmiştir. S.compacta tohumlarının 100 gün ve fazlasında, +4℃’de vernalize olabildiği sonucuna varılmıştır. Bu çalışmadaki bilgilerin Silene compacta’ta çiçeklenmeyi optimize etmeye yardımcı olacağını ve ileride yapılacak çalışmalarla da bir kesme çiçek adayının ve/veya saksılı sukulent bir bitki adayının çiçekçilik pazarına tanıtılmasına katkıda bulunacağını umuyoruz.
Kentsel açık yeşil alan tasarımının vazgeçilmez elemanlarından biri olan bitkilerin çeşitli ekosistem hizmetlerini sağlama potansiyelleri vardır. Sahip oldukları görsel ve fonksiyonel özellikleri ile bitkiler; etkili tasarımlar yaratmak için kullanılırlar. Geçmişten günümüze insanlar ilaç, gıda, yakacak ve eşya yapımı gibi birçok farklı amaçlarla bitkilerden yararlanmaktadır. Bu bağlamda; insanların bitkiler ile ilişkisini ifade eden “etnobotanik” terimi; ekonomik, ekolojik ve kültürel bir kavram olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Kent peyzajında gördüğümüz ve tanıdığımız birçok bitkinin etnobotanik kullanımı mevcut olup, bu bitkiler genellikle yöreye ve bölgeye özgü bitkiler olarak sürdürülebilirlik açısından oldukça önemlidirler. Bu amaçla, geçmişten günümüze birçok medeniyete ev sahipliği yapmış Bursa ilinde yer alan dört kent parkında mevcut odunsu bitkiler çalışmanın ana materyali olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında bu bitkilerin etnobotanik kullanımları irdelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak kent parklarında tespit edilen 117 taksonun etnobotanik kullanımlarının olduğu görülmüştür. Bu bitki taksonlarının özellikle tıbbi (% 89,74) ve gıda amaçlı (%70) kullanımlarının yaygın olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Kent parklarında kullanılan taksonların etnobotanik potansiyelinin yüksek olduğu göz önüne alındığında bu bitkilerin tanıtılması ve farkındalık yaratılması gerekli olmakla birlikte, sürdürülebilir tasarımların oluşturulmasına da katkı sağlayacağı öngörülmektedir. Aynı zamanda etnobotanik kullanıma sahip bitkilerin kentsel yeşil alanlarda kullanımının yaygınlaştırılması, bu kültürel mirasın gelecek nesillere aktarılmasında önemli katkılar sağlayacaktır.
Azap Dağı (Erzurum-Horasan) ve çevresinde yer alan Kalender, Azap ve Mollamelik köylerinde halkın gıda amaçlı kullandığı bitkiler, kullanım amaçları ve yöresel adları tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmada halkın gıda amaçlı kullandığı 22 familya, 43 cins ve 62 taksona ait toplam 69 kullanım belirlenmiştir. Astragalus brachycarpus, Fritillaria armena, Fritillaria caucassica türlerinin kullanımı ilk kez bu çalışma ile belirlenmiştir. Kullanımı belirlenen 62 taksonun ilk 5 familyaya göre dağılımı şu şekildedir: Asteraceae (12), Rosaceae (8), Fabaceae (5), Polygonaceae (5) ve Lamiaceae (4).
Abstract: The plants used by the people for food purposes, their purposes of use and local names in Kalender, Azap and Mollamelik villages located in and around Azap Mountain have been identified. In the study, a total of 69 uses belonging to 22 families, 43 genera and 62 taxa used by the public for food purposes were determined. The use of Fritillaria armena, Astragalus brachycarpus and Fritillaria caucassica species was determined for the first time in this study. The distribution of the 62 taxa determined to be used according to the first 5 families is as follows: Asteraceae (12), Rosaceae (8), Fabaceae (5), Polygonaceae (5) and Lamiaceae (4).
0200 (محطة حافر دير منطقة ف) مصي م كص ركة ال حبة مول م محص متجابة م اس تقييم بهدف كل (ري المائ لإلجهاد 6 أيام ، كل ري 12 كل ري أيام، 12 يوم) الطور الزوري، الطور مري، م م م م م م م الخض بالطور (الرش ر،لي لل مل م م م م م م م م م م م م فض ا التركيز ،تحديد ،) ً معا الزوري ، مري م م م م م م م م م م م م الخض (0 ، 02 ، 122 ، 102) ملغ/لتر) ر،لي (ال مين ا الحم مة م ماف م م م م م م م م م م م م م حم مل م مف ا مد م الموع مد م مدي م ،تح عل ً مادا م اعتم ولوجية المورفوفيز ات مر م م المؤش ، ة التجر مممل م م ص ،فق الد م مقة م م المن القطل مميم م م تص رجة الق ،و المائ احجهاد مة م م م م م م م اس لدر الفانية عل مية م م م م م م م ئيس الر طل الث ف مافة م م م م م م م احم اعيد مو اعيد مو ،ل ا مقة م م م م م م م المن القطل ،و ر،لي ال ،تركيز ف ماود م م م م م م م ال مل اكيز تر ل أر ، و ات مصرر الث اقل بو الفانية مة مق م م م م م م م م م م م م المن القطل بعدد 121 ية تجر قطعة أظهرت ، ، نتائج مث م البح مل م تحم مة م رك ال مة م حب لإل مائ م الم ماد م جه مل م ك ماد م احجه مد م عن مث م حي ، 6 مام م أي ، م م ماملت م مع ما م م ك الزوري ، مري م م م م م م م م م م م م الخض مالطور م م ب ر،لي ال مين ا مالحم م م ب أعل ما م م تف ار لل مات م م نب (11. 39) مم م م س ، ماحة م م مس مل م م أفض ،كانل للم ،رق مطر م م س) 62. 25) مم م م س 0 /نبات عند ،ذلك ر،لي ال تركيز 102 اد ما م م م م بينم ملغ/لتر، ر،لي ال م اق ،ر ا محتوى ماد م م م م احجه مد م م م م عن كل تفل المر 12 الزوري ، الخضري بالموعدي ر،لي بال م رش عند قيمة أعل ،كانل يوم (ً معا 16.72
0200 (محطة حافر دير منطقة ف) مصي م كص ركة ال حبة مول م محص متجابة م اس تقييم بهدف كل (ري المائ لإلجهاد 1 أيام ، كل ري 72 كل ري أيام، 72 يوم ً ا) الطور الزاري، الطور مري، م م م م الخض بالطور (الرش رزلي لل مل م م الفض التركيز زتحديد ،) ً معا الزاري ز مري م م الخض (0 ، 702،722،02) ملغ/لتر) رزلي (ال المين الحمل مافة م م م م م م م م م م إلض المثل الموعد زتحديد اع ات مر م م م م م م م م م م المؤش على ً تمادا الفينولوجية ، ة التجر مممر م م م م م ص مميم م م م م م تص زفق مة م م م م م اس لدر الثانية الدرجة م مقة م م م م م المنش القطع الق زا المائ اإلجهاد على مية ئيس الر طع اعيد مو ثالث ف اإلضافة اعيد مو زا القطع الزلى مقة م المنش رزلي ال زتركيز ف مااد م الش مع اكيز تر ع أر م م المنش القطع زا الثانية قة ات مصرر ثالث اقع بو مدد بع 721 مة ي تجر مة قطع مل تحم مة م م م م م م م م م م م م اس مدر ال أظهرت ز ، ركة ال مة حب لإل مائ م الم ماد م جه مل م ك ماد م اإلجه مد م عن مث م حي ، 1 مام م أي ز رزلي ال المين مالحمل م ب مل م ماملت م مع ً معا الزاري ز الخضري بالطور كان (اإلزاار حتى اعة الزر م أيام عدد أقل 109.67) ، ً يوما النضج( زحتى 731.61) ً يوما رزلي ال تركيز عند ، 702 ملغ/لتر. تفو مة م م م م م م م اس الدر أظهرت كما التركيز 702 (التركيز ز مااد م م م م م م م الش على ملغ/لتر 722،02) ملغ/ل (مار اإلزا حتى مة اع الزر م مام أي مدد ع مل أق مان ك 776.16 مج م م م م م م م م م م م م النض زحتى ، ً يوما) (702.20 ً يوما) .
Floristic studies are one of the most effective methods for managing and Protection of biological
reserves of vegetation, and it plays an important role in controlling erosion and rehabilitating destroyed
areas. Destructive conditions have caused the reduction of valuable plant species in the flora of the
region. Therefore, the aim of this research was to investigate the floristic composition, geographical
distribution, biological spectrum and and identifying endemic species in the Kordan watershed in the
Kurdish watershed in Alborz province of Iran. The flora of the region was studied by field trip between
2019 and 2021 in different plant phenological stages. In total, 151 species of flora belonging to 28
families and 115 genera were surveyed and identified in several field trips during the study period from
201 to 2021. Based on the number of species, Asteraceae (35 species and 24 genera), Poaceae (17 species
and 13 genera), and Lamiaceae (15 species and 13 genera) were the most important families. The largest
genera were Astragalus, Centaurea, Bromus, Salsola, Cirsium and Alyssum. In this study, the life-form
spectra were classified on the basis of Raunkiaer's system. Then, the 𝜒2 test was used to compare the
biological spectrum with Raunkiaer's normal spectrum and with those in other floristic studies conducted
in the near the study area. The results showed that the life-form spectrum in the present study was
characteristic of a cold dry and mountainous climate region with hot and dry summer and relatively cold
winter and dominated by hemicryptophytes (46% of the recorded species), followed by therophytes
(32% of the recorded species). Findings also indicated that the effects of climate, and human activities
such as overgrazing caused a reduction in phanerophytes from around 46 to 5%, increases in therophytes
from about 13 to 32% and hemicryptophytes from 26 to 46% in comparison with Raunkiaer's normal
spectrum. It can be concluded that hemicryptophytes and phanerophytes usually comprise the highest
and lowest percentages of life forms in studies conducted in the Irano-Turanian growth zone.
Astragalus L. (Leguminosae) cinsine ait taksonların çoğu morfolojik olarak birbirine benzediği için teşhisi en zor olan taksonlardır. Gen merkezi Avrasya olan ve Dünya’nın en kapsamlı cinslerden biri olan Astragalus L. 2900’e yakın taksonla temsil edilmektedir. Astragalus L. cinsi çoğunlukla Güney Amerika ve kuzey yarım kürenin soğuk bölgelerinde yayılış göstermiştir. Astragalus L. cinsi Güneybatı Asya’da 1,000-1,500 tür, Çin- Himalaya Bölgesi’nde 500 tür, Kuzey Batı Amerika’da 400 ile 450 tür ve Güney Amerika da ise And dağları boyunca 100-150 tür barındırır. Yurdumuz florası ile ilgili ilk önemli yayın olan “Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands” yazımı tamamlandıktan sonraki yıllarda toplanan çok sayıda materyal teşhis edilirken karşılaşılan sorunlar sonucu bazı cinslerdeki problemler dikkat çekmiştir. Bu cinslerin başında benzer morfolojik özellikler gösteren Astragalus L. yer almaktadır. Astragalus L. cinsine ait taksonlar morfolojik olarak birbirine benzediği için yanlış teşhis edilmektedir. Bundan dolayı bu çalışmada, Van Gölü Havzası’ndan toplanan Astragalus L. cinsine ait 17 endemik 4 nadir taksonun morfolojik bazı özellikleri incelenerek karşılaştırıldı.
Cyclotrichium straussii (Bornm.) species of Lamiaceae recorded
for first time of Iraqi flora in Qupy Qaradagh (Su District) in Iraqi
Kurdistan, preserved in National Herbarium of Iraq (Baghdad) as (58917
herbarium number). The general and micro morphology, pollen grain and
anatomical were studied. According to the taxonomic references detail
study for the morphology. Pollen grains are Polyporate (hexporate),
anatomical study investigated the different tissue systems of shoot parts
and noted the uniform indumentum of the epidermis including very long
non-glandular trichome 1000-3500 µm and three cells stalked glandular
trichome 250-495 µm long, also a few sessile glandular trichome which
composed of eight cells glandular head, petiole and midrib of leaves
showed flat arc vascular bundles
Bu çalışma kapsamında Besni (Adıyaman) ilçesinin geofit çeşitliliğinin dağılımı araştırıldı. Türler ve/veya habitatları üzerindeki tehdit faktörü belirlendi ve korumaya yönelik önerilerde bulunuldu. 2018-2023 yılları arasında araştırma alanından toplanan 235 geofit bitki örneğinin sistematik değerlendirilmesi sonucu 29 familya ve 59 cinse ait 130 tür ve türaltı takson tespit edildi. Bunların %3,07’si Pteridophyta bölümüne, %23,07’si Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledon) sınıfına ve %73,84’ü Liliopsida (Monocotyledon) sınıfına aittir. En çok takson içeren familyaların tüm familyalar içindeki oranı Asparagaceae %16,92, Orchidaceae %13,84, Iridaceae %8,46, Ranunculaceae %8,46, Amaryllidaceae %8,46 ve Liliaceae %7,69’dur. En çok takson içeren cinsler sırasıyla Ranunculus (9), Allium (9), Ophrys (7), Ornithogalum (6), Crocus (5), ve Colchicum (5)’dir. Geofitlerin %36,15’i bulblu, %30,76’sı tuberli, %23,84’ü rizomlu ve %9,23’ü kormludur. Taksonların %43,07’si İran-Turan, %13,07’ü Doğu Akdeniz, %9,23’ü Akdeniz ve %4,61’i Avrupa-Sibirya elementidir. Bölgesi belirlenemeyen ya da çok bölgeli taksonların oranı %30’dur. Besni ilçesi geofit takson çeşitliliği bakımından zengindir (10,15 takson sayısı/100 km2). Taksonlar büyük oranda 700 m ve 900 m arasında değişen yükseltilerde doğal yayılış göstermektedir ve kış yağışları, ilkbahar yağmurları ve sonbahar yağmurları ile çiçeklenmektedir (%81,81’i ilkbahar, %9,09’u sonbahar %8,48’i kış ve %0,6’ı yaz). Endemizm oranı %12,30’dur. Besni’de yayılış gösteren geofitler ve/veya habitatları üzerindeki tehdit oluşturan unsurları şunlardır: %20 tarımsal faaliyet, %16,92 rekrasyon alanı, %13,84 aşırı otlatma, %13,07 aşırı toplama, %10,76 endüstriyel alan, %6,92 yabanıl hayvan baskısı, %5,38 yol açma ve yol genişletme, %4,61 kentleşme, %3,07 ormansızlaştırma, %3,07 kirlilik ve %2,3 bataklık kurutma. Türler üzerindeki en büyük tehdit antropojenik etki kaynaklı habitat tahribatıdır.
The purpose of the study carried out at the fourteen villages is to compile traditional knowledge and shrubs and trees used to improve human and animal health. In the study, traditional information about the medicinal uses of some wild plants in the form of trees, shrubs and heather, which the people continue to use primarily for food have been recorded and, 34 taxa used in folk remedies (human and animal health) have been determined. These plants belong to 11 families and most of the taxa used belong to the Rosaceae family. The families that these plants belong to are respectively; Rosaceae (15), Lamiaceae (5), Berberidaceae (2), Cupressaceae (2), Elaeagnaceae (2), Grossulariaceae (2), Salicaceae (2), Asteraceae (1), Adoxaceae (1), Ericaceae (1), Hypericaceae (1). These taxa consist of 59% shrub, 9% semi-shrub, 6% shrubby and 26% tree or small tree. The leaves, flowers, shoots and roots of these taxa are used, especially the fruit parts. These natural plants are used in respiratory system (18%), digestive system (9%), urinary system (14%), appetite and hematic purposes (11%), hemorrhoid (23%), rheumatism (7%), diabetes (11%) and other (9%) ailments. In the study, it was also determined that four taxa were used in animal diseases.
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a common gastrointestinal disorder worldwide, is characterized by chronic abdominal pain, bloating, and disordered defecation. IBS is associated with several factors, including visceral hypersensitivity, gut motility, and gut–brain interaction disorders. Because currently available pharmacological treatments cannot adequately improve symptoms and may cause adverse effects, the use of herbal therapies for managing IBS is increasing. Lysimachia vulgaris var. davurica (LV) is a medicinal plant used in traditional medicine to treat diarrhea. However, information on whether LV can effectively improve diarrhea-predominant IBS (IBS-D) remains limited. In this study, using an experimental mouse model of IBS-D, we elucidated the effects of the LV extract. The methanol extract of LV decreased fecal pellet output in the restraint stress- or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-induced IBS mouse model and inhibited 5-HT-mediated [Ca2+]i increase in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, we developed and validated a high-performance liquid chromatography method using two marker compounds, namely, chlorogenic acid and rutin, for quality control analysis. Our study results suggest the feasibility of the methanol extract of LV for developing therapeutic agents to treat IBS-D by acting as a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist.
Meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim) is Rosaceae family perennial herb. Traditional uses of F. ulmaria include inflammatory problems like rheumatism, arthrosis, and arthritis), gastrointestinal disorders, liver malfunction, and gout. The pharmaceutical industry has been very interested in this plant because of its health benefits. The presence of phenolic secondary metabolites is thought to be the primary cause of meadowsweet's biological activity and therapeutic efficacy. This study was intended to compare and evaluate the biological activities (antibacterial, antioxidant, antitumor and toxicity) and phenolic profiles (total phenol-flavonoid content and individual phenolic constituents) of F. ulmaria aerial parts obtained from two different sources (naturally- and in vitro-grown). Antibacterial activity was evaluated using 17 different bacteria (10 human and 7 fish pathogens) with disc diffusion method. Methanolic extracts of in vitro-grown parts showed higher antibacterial effect than naturally-grown parts with all tested bacterial pathogens (human and fish). On the other hand, other extracts (aqueous, ethanol, hexane, and ethyl acetate) demonstrated higher antibacterial potential with field-grown parts. The highest sensitivity was observed with Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. aureus and Enterobacter cloacae to aqueous extract of field-grown plants. The potent antibacterial activity of F. ulmaria extracts rendered the Agrobacterium tumefaciens-induced potato disc tumor assay inapplicable. Toxicity assay (brine shrimp) showed that aqueous extract of both sources had the lowest toxicity. Methanolic extract of both parts had a strong antioxidant potential (DPPH radical scavenging activty) having IC50 values as 205.65 µg/mL and 206.74 µg/mL, respectively, and similar level of overall total phenol-flavonoid contents. Individual phenolic analysis with HPLC-DAD showed that the most prevalent phenol was rutin in both sources. While the quantities of chlorogenic acid in both aerial parts were similar, the parts that were grown naturally had higher levels of salicylic acid and rutin. These findings demonstrated the effective antibacterial and antioxidant properties, high phenolic content, and low toxicity of both F. ulmaria sources, indicating that they can be utilized in nutraceutical industry due to their high health promoting potential.
Among industrial crops, flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is a multi-purpose crop grown for production of stem fiber and seed oil. Through longterm domestication for these purposes, cultivated flax has diversified into two main types, namely fiber and oil or linseed types, as well as an intermediate type. This study was designed to investigate the effect of flax fibers of flax varieties (Antares, Dakota and Mures) in field and greenhouse cultivation on fiber mechanical performances, morphological properties and fatty acid composition in flaxseed was investigated. Additionally, plants can change their morphology and mechanical properties when exposed to stress, as is particularly the case when plants respond to wind, a phenomenon known as seismomorphogenesis. Greenhouse plants were found to be significantly lower than field grown plants, with an increase of 16.79cm in technical stem length and 56.02cm in technical stem height. In addition, the total plant height of flax grown in the field was 59.33 cm compared to 17.32 cm in the greenhouse. The Mures variety was found to be the highest both in the field (79.50-76.10cm) and in the greenhouse (18.36-17.47cm). Considering the fatty acid percentages, the highest α-linolenic acid was found in Dakota (29.23%) and the lowest in Antares (20.53%) in the field, while the highest was found in Dakota (19.25%) and the lowest in Mures (16.13%) in the greenhouse. In addition, the highest tensile strength was found in Dakota (704.6 Mpa) and the closest Antares (692.2 Mpa) under field conditions, while the lowest was found in Dakota (198.5 Mpa) and Mures varieties (288.8 Mpa) under greenhouse conditions. In order to reduce the dimension, correlate and visualize the measured parameters, the relevant data of the study were subjected to principal component analysis and heat-map clustering.
This study provides a thorough properties of the optical analysis of the thin films which produced from Astragalus tokatensis Fisch., Helichrysum noeanum Boiss. and Stachys huber-morathii R. Bhattacharjee extracts. Methanol extracts of plants were obtained via Soxhlet extractor. The highest extract yield (10.10%) was determined in H. noeanum. Doctor blade coating method is used to make thin film layer on glass substrate. The optical behavior of the deposited films is tested by means of he UV-vis-near IR absorbance and transmittance characterization. It is found that the maximum transmittance spectra reaches nearly to a value of 90 % for A. tokatensis sample. Significantly, all the samples display same optical absorbace spectra behavior. Energy band gaps of the films are presented based on Tauc relation and were found to be in the range between 3.68-3.81 eV. Besides, the analysis of functional groups available in the materials is broadly studied by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. FT-IR measurement also confirms that all produced films have carbohydrate pattern. These findings demonstrate a cost-efficient approach for the production of thin films with plant extraction, and open a new perspective on the potential applications of optoelectronic devices.
Objective: Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent cancer types worldwide. Antioxidant sources may prevent the occurrence of cancer. Natural sources rich in phenolics, thus, may provide alternate agents in the management of breast cancer. Rumex species are widely distributed in Turkish flora. Emerging evidence has pointed out the antitumoral property of Rumex species on a variety of cancer cells. In the present study, we propose to test the ethanolic extracts of the inner perianth segments of 14 Rumex species on four breast cancer cells with different origins. We also demonstrated their toxicity on healthy cells. Material and Method: We performed the resazurin reduction assay to examine the cytotoxicity and toxicity. Furthermore, we determined the phenolic contents of the extracts as an indicator of their antioxidant profile and ascertained their antioxidant activities by DPPH radical, ABTS radical cation scavenging activity and cupric ion-reducing antioxidant capacity assays. Result and Discussion: The ethanolic extracts of the inner perianth segments of Rumex species exhibited remarkable cytotoxicity profiles neither on breast cancer cells nor on healthy H9c2 rat myoblastoma cells. However, they usually displayed strong antioxidant activities due to possessing high phenolic content.
Seseli tortuosum L. subsp. tortuosum, belonging to the Apiaceae family, is a species that grows in Europe, mainly in the Mediterranean regions. The history of its application in traditional medicine highlights its various biological properties. Trying to explore the phytochemistry and pharmacological aspects of this species, the essential oils (EOs) extracted from flowers, stems, and roots of a locally wild accession, never previously investigated, growing in Sicily, Italy, were investigated. The chemical composition of all EOs, obtained by the hydrodistillation method, was evaluated by GC-MS. The most abundant class of all investigated samples was that of monoterpene hydrocarbons (79.98–91.21%) with p-cymene, α-pinene, β-pinene, and β-ocimene as major compounds. These EOs, and their main components, were tested for their possible anticancer activity. Obtained data provided evidence that among the different EOs tested, at the dose of 100 μg/mL, those extracted from stems and roots were particularly effective, already at 24 h of treatment, in reducing the cell viability of 42% and 95%, respectively, in HCT116 colon cancer cell line. These EOs also exerted a remarkable cytotoxic effect that was accompanied by morphological changes represented by cell shrinkage as well as a reduction in residual cell population. Differently, modest effects were found when EOs extracted from flowers were tested in the same experimental conditions. The evaluation of the phytocompounds mainly represented in the EOs extracted from different parts of the plant and tested in a range of concentrations between 20 and 200 μg/mL, revealed that α-pinene, β-pinene, and p-cymene exerted only modest effects on cell viability. Differently, a remarkable effect was found when β-ocimene, the most abundant phytocomponent in EOs from roots, was tested on colon cancer cells. This phytocompound, among those identified in EOs from Seseli tortuosum L. subsp. tortuosum, was found to be the most effective in reducing colon cancer cell viability with IC50 = 64.52 μg/mL at 24 h of treatment. All together, these data suggest that β-ocimene could be responsible for the effects observed in colon cancer cells.
This is the seventeenth of a series of miscellaneous contributions, by various authors, where hitherto unpublished data
relevant to both the Med-Checklist and the Euro+Med (or Sisyphus) projects are presented. This instalment deals with the families Aizoaceae, Anacardiaceae, Asparagaceae, Bignoniaceae, Boraginaceae, Cannabaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Casuarinaceae,
Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Crassulaceae, Cyperaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Gentianaceae, Gramineae, Iridaceae, Labiatae, Leguminosae, Malvaceae, Myrtaceae, Oleaceae, Onagraceae, Orobanchaceae, Oxalidaceae, Papaveraceae, Portulacaceae, Ranunculaceae,
Rosaceae, Rubiaceae, Sapindaceae, Sapotaceae, Solanaceae, Typhaceae, Violaceae and Vitaceae. It includes new country
and area records and taxonomic and distributional considerations for taxa in Acer, Ampelopsis, Argania, Blackstonia, Buglossoides,
Carduus, Carex, Casuarina, Celtis, Chenopodium, Clematis, Eleusine, Elytrigia, Eucalyptus, Euphorbia, Euphrasia, Fraxinus,
Galium, Hibiscus, Hieracium, Iris, Koelreuteria, Lathyrus, Loeflingia, Ludwigia, Malus, Melampyrum, Mesembryanthemum, Muscari, Orobanche, Oxalis, Papaver, Physalis, Podranea, Portulaca, Pseudodictamnus, Pulmonaria, Ranunculus, Schinus, Sedum, Stachys, Typha, Viola and Vitis, and a new combination in Pseudodictamnus.
Bu araştırmada, Akdeniz Havzasında, Akdeniz ve İran-Anadolu sıcak noktalarının kesiştiği sahada bulunan Adıyaman iline bağlı Besni ilçesinde doğal yayılış gösteren taksonların IUCN (Uluslararası Doğa Koruma Birliği) kırmızı liste kategorileri literatür taraması yapılarak araştırıldı. Sonuç olarak, IUCN kriterlerine göre, 58 familyanın 121 cinsine ait toplam 162 taksonun tehlike kategorisi belirlendi. Bu taksonların 73’ü (%45) endemik, 14’ü (%9) nadir bulunan, 75’i (%46) ise geniş yayılışlı bitkilerdir. Bu taksonların fitocoğrafik bölgelere göre dağılımı şöyledir: İran-Turan 71 (%43,8), Akdeniz 13 (%8), Doğu Akdeniz 13 (%8), Avrupa-Sibirya 6 (%3,7) ve bilinmeyen veya geniş yayılışlı 59 (%36,5)’dur. IUCN kriterlerine göre; 7 (%4,3) CR (çok tehlikede), 6 (%3,7) EN (tehlikede), 21 (%13) VU (zarar görebilir), 17 (%10,5) NT (tehdit altına girebilir), 104 (%64,2) LC (en az endişe verici) ve 7 (%4,3) DD (yetersiz veri) kategorisinde takson bulunmaktadır. Bu taksonlardan 34 takson (%20.98) yok olma tehlikesi altındadır. Araştırma alanında yapılan inclemelerde taksonlar üzerine risk faktörlerinin büyük oranda antropojenik kaynaklı olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Aşırı otlatma, aşırı toplama, yol yapımı, tarla/bahçe açma, kentleşme, ormansızlaştırma, doğal habitatların mesire alanına dönüştürülmesi, bataklık alanların kurutulması ve çevre kirliliği türler ve habitatlar üzerinde gözlenen risk faktörleridir. Campanula adiyamanensis Yıldırım & Özcan taksonu küresel ölçekte yok oluş ile karşı karşıyadır.
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