No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the authors.
A new genus and two new species records on Helleborus orientalis for Turkey
Abstract
A current taxonomic list of the species of benthic marine macroalgae ("seaweeds") collected by Charles Darwin while on the voyage of the H. M. S. Beagle is reviewed, as well as the locations where these collections were made and information on the authors who described or
reported on these collections. A total of 21 taxa are listed: Caulerpa webbiana, Chaetomorpha coliformis, Halimeda macroloba, H. opuntia, Stypocaulon funiculare, Amphiroa beauvoisii, Arthrocardia variabilis, Bossiella chiloensis, B.
orbigniana, Corallina officinalis var. chilensis, C. officinalis var. caloclada, Heterosiphonia berkeleyi, Jania micrarthrodia, J. rosea, Lithothamnion scabiosum, Metagoniolithon stelliferum, Neogoniolithon mamillare, and Palisada
perforata. His records of Melobesia darwinii and M. polymorpha are of uncertain identity, and the report of Melobesia calcarea [now known as Phymatolithon calcareum] from the Galápagos is regarded as an incorrect determination. Most of these species
have been previously compiled in the literature, but Darwin's collection of "Laurencia papillosa", currently Palisada perforata, from Fernando Noronha, Brazil, is added to the list. The current taxonomic assignments of these collections are also provided.
Hyphomycetous specimens were collected in forest ecosystems of the middle and east Black Sea coastal region. Sixty-nine taxa in 50 genera were recorded on various substrates including 20 plant families. Volutella were the common fungal genera. Fagaceae, Betulaceae, Buxaceae, Ulmaceae and Pinaceae are common host plant families. Introduction Hyphomycetes make up the majority of what are commonly called moulds, and some are regarded as the weeds of the fungal kingdom. In addition to growing on many natural substrates such as plant tissues, wood and bark, dung, insects and other arthropods, and other fungi including lichens, and in a diversity of ecological habitats, moulds are involved in food spoilage, contaminate many manufactured materials such as wood, paper and textiles, and are frequent visitors to the human indoor environment (Seifert et al. 2011). Hyphomycetous fungi comprise more than 1800 genera and 9000 worldwide species (Kirk et al. 2008). Hyphomycetes are a group of conidial fungi characterized by the formation of asexual spores (conidia) on conidiophores that are not contained in a fruiting body; i.e., without acrevuli or pycnidia, although some form sporodochia and synnemata (Ulloa & Hanlin 2012). The flora of Turkey is very diverse (about 10500 species and subspecies belonging to 1233 genera and 173 families) and many studies have been carried out dealing with higher plants. However, the mycobiota is insufficiently investigated, except for macromycetes (generally Agaricoid fungi). Turkey is characterised by high diversity of woody plants. It is rich in the Pyrus, Crataegus, Prunus, Cerasus and Amygdalus species and other members of Rosaceae, which are source of genetic diversity of most industrial fruit trees. Turkey's higher plants have been very well studied, whereas the mycobiota has not been extensively investigated and most studies on the fungi have dealt with macromycetes. Some information concerning micromycetes growing on higher plants was provided by Bremer et al. (1947, 1948, 1952). The list of plant diseases occuring in Turkey, including those caused by hyphomycetes, was provided by Karel (1958). Studies on Mycosphere 5 (2): 334–344 (2014) ISSN 2077 7019
The phytopathogenic fungi Alternaria eryngii (Pers.: Fr.) S. Hughes & E. G. Simmons, Ascochyta aristolochiae Sacc., Passalora avicularis (G. Winter) Crous, U. Braun & Morris and Ramularia jaapiana (Magnus) U. Braun are new to Poland. In addition, nine species are reported on hosts that are new to Poland, and four rare taxa are listed from new localities. All fungi are briefl y discussed and some are described and illustrated.
In this paper, 126 traditional medicinal plants from Kirklareli Province in Turkey have been reported. One hundred and twenty six plant species belonging to 54 families and among them 100 species were wild and 26 species were cultivated plants. Most used families were Rosaceae, Labiatae, Compositae and the most used plants were Cotinus coggyria, Sambucus ebulus, Achillea millefolium subsp. pannonica, Hypericum perforatum, Matricaria chamomilla var. recutita, Melissa officinalis subsp. officinalis, Juglans regia, Thymus longicaulis subsp. longicaulis var. subisophyllus, Malva sylvestris, Urtica dioica, Plantago lanceolata, Rosa canina, Ecballium elaterium, Artemisia absinthium, Viscum album subsp. album, Papaver rhoeas, Helleborus orientalis, Cydonia oblonga, Prunus spinosa subsp. dasyphylla, Rubus discolor, Sorbus domestica. A total of 143 medicinal uses were obtained. The traditional medicinal plants have been mostly used for the treatment of wounds (25.3%), cold and influenza (24.6%), stomach (20%), cough (19%), kidney ailments (18.2%), diabetes (13.4%).
Microsphaeropsis centaureae sp. nov., isolated from Centaurea diffusa Lam. in British Columbia, is described and illustrated. Its pathogenicity to both C. diffusa and C. maculosa Lam. is noted. It is compared with Microsphaeropsis olivacea (Bon.) Höhnel and with Coniothyrium concentricum (Desm.) Sacc, C. onychiuri Punithalingam, and C. sarcinellae Sahni. The latter species are transferred to Microsphaeropsis.
Hellebore leaf spot, caused by Coniothyrium hellebori, is the most common fungal disease of Helleborus species not only in botanical and ornamental gardens but also in nurseries. To correct the current lack of knowledge regarding this widely distributed pathogen, this study investigated 25 C. hellebori isolates collected from different countries in North America and Europe, primarily Germany. The morphology, pathogenicity and molecular genetic relationships on the basis of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) of these isolates were studied. RAPD primers produced a total of 394 bands, of which 40% were polymorphic. Genetic distances were calculated, and a dendrogram with bootstrap analysis was constructed by the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) cluster method. All isolates were identified as C. hellebori, the causal agent of the disease. Two C. hellebori subclades were found, which could not be correlated with the geographic origin of the isolate, but with the plant host species and morphological characteristics. Sequence comparisons of the large subunit and internal transcribed spacer loci between C. hellebori and sequences from GenBank revealed that C. hellebori has to be grouped into the Didymellaceae family and rather belongs to Phoma or Microsphaeropsis than to Coniothyrium. This work represents the first study of this plant pathogen causing severe damage in Helleborus stocks and provides important information for the development of future Helleborus resistance breeding strategies.
Cercosporella and Ramularia (hyphomycetous anamorphs with relationship to Mycosphaerellaceae, Ascomycota) are difficult to distinguish based on light microscopic characteristics of conidiophores and conidia. Although both genera have been known for more than 120 y, new morphological characteristics were found by "simple" light and scanning electron microscopy now allowing an unambiguous differentiation between both genera. Newly discovered morphological characteristics of interaction structures and ultrastructure of conidiogenous loci are congruent with LSU rDNA sequence analysis of C. virgaureae and Ramularia species. DNA sequences of the type species of both genera, C. virgaureae and R. pusilla, were generated. For the first time a complex cup-shaped appressorium is reported for a member of plant pathogenic cercosporoid hyphomycetes, based on light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The appressorium of C. virgaureae is formed by strongly branched hyphae radiating from a supporting intercellular hypha and remaining closely attached to each other. With its concave side the appressorium adheres to a cell of the leaf mesophyll. This structure is significant in comparison with morphologically unspecific intercellular hyphae known in other cercosporoid hyphomycetes. Scanning electron microscopy of conidiogenous loci also provide additional characteristics for distinguishing Cercosporella and Ramularia. Conidiogenous loci are smooth in Cercosporella but similar to the Cladosporium-type (consisting of a circular rim and a central dome) in Ramrnularia.
The ascospores of 21 species ofEupenicillium were examined for surface ornamentation by means of the scanning electron microscope. Two groups of species could be distinguished:
one with, and another without distinct equatorial ridges. The former group was further subdivided into four types according
to wall ornamentation: reticulate, ribbed, spinulose, and smooth.
Surface ornamentation details may come to range among the most important features to distinguish species that are hardly discernible
otherwise.
New british fungi: Coniothyrium hellebori. – Grevillea 15: 108. CUNNINGTON, J. 2003: Pathogenic fungi on introduced plants in Victoria. A host list and literature guide for their identification. – Department of Primary Industries
- Verlag
- Eching
- M C Cooke
- G E Massee
Verlag, Eching. COOKE, M.C. & G.E. MASSEE 1887: New british fungi: Coniothyrium hellebori. – Grevillea 15: 108. CUNNINGTON, J. 2003: Pathogenic fungi on introduced plants in Victoria. A host list and literature guide for their identification. – Department of Primary Industries, Melbourne. DAVIS, P.H. 1965: Flora of Turkey and East Aegean Islands, Vol: 1–9.
Microsphaeropsis hellebori: a. General appearance, b. General appearance (SEM), c. Pycnidia in longitudinal section, d, e. Conidiogenous cells f
- Cramer
- Stuttgart
- Fig
Cramer, Stuttgart. Fig. 3. Microsphaeropsis hellebori: a. General appearance, b. General appearance (SEM), c. Pycnidia in longitudinal section, d, e. Conidiogenous cells f. Conidia in pycnidia, g. Conidia (SEM), h. Conidia. Medium: c–e, h: 5% KOH.
Agric. Publ. 1813: 416 British stem and leaf fungi
- Br
- Can
- W B Grove
Br. Can. Agric. Publ. 1813: 416. GROVE, W.B. 1937: British stem and leaf fungi. Coelomycetes, Vol: 2. – At the University Press, Cambridge. KIRSCHNER R. 2009: Cercosporella and Ramularia. – Mycologia 101:110–119.
1985: Pirottaea (Discomycetes inoperculati), a critical review
- J A Nannfeldt
NANNFELDT, J.A. 1985: Pirottaea (Discomycetes inoperculati), a critical review. – Symbolae Botanicae Upsalienses 25(1): 1–41.
The Coelomycetes. Fungi Imperfecti with Pycnidia, Acervuli and Stromata. – Commonwealth Mycological Institute
- B C Sutton
- Kew
- N Tanker
- F Bingol
SUTTON, B.C. 1980: The Coelomycetes. Fungi Imperfecti with Pycnidia, Acervuli and Stromata. – Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew. TANKER, N. & F. BINGOL 1984: Türkiye'de Yetişen Helleborus L. Türleri Üzerinde Farmasötik Botanik Yönünden Araştırmalar. – Ankara Eczacılık Fakültesi Dergisi 14: 25–36.
A revision of the species described in Phyllosticta
- Van
- H A Aa
- S G Vanev
van der AA, H.A. & S.G. VANEV 2002: A revision of the species described in Phyllosticta. – Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Utrecht. Manuscript received July 09, 2011; accepted Feburary 24, 2012.
The economic plant diseases of Scotland
- C E Foister
FOISTER, C.E. 1961: The economic plant diseases of Scotland. -Techn. Bull. Dept. Agric. Fish.
Scotland 1: 1-210.
Mykologische Notizen aus dem Belgrader Wald bei İstanbul in der Türkei
- K Lohwag
LOHWAG, K. 1963: Mykologische Notizen aus dem Belgrader Wald bei İstanbul in der Türkei. -Sydowia 16: 199-204.
New british fungi: Coniothyrium hellebori
- M C G E Cooke
- Massee
COOKE, M.C. & G.E. MASSEE 1887: New british fungi: Coniothyrium hellebori. -Grevillea 15:
108.
Pathogenic fungi on introduced plants in Victoria. A host list and literature guide for their identification. -Department of Primary Industries
- J Cunnington
CUNNINGTON, J. 2003: Pathogenic fungi on introduced plants in Victoria. A host list and literature
guide for their identification. -Department of Primary Industries, Melbourne.
- P H Davis
DAVIS, P.H. 1965: Flora of Turkey and East Aegean Islands, Vol: 1-9. -Edinburgh Univ Press,
Edinburgh.
New records of Coniothyrium hellebori in the United States
- D P Limber
LIMBER, D.P. 1951: New records of Coniothyrium hellebori in the United States. -Pl. Dis. Reporter
35: 277.
An Annotated List of Seed-Borne Diseases. -International Seed Testing Association
- M J Richardson
RICHARDSON, M.J. 1990: An Annotated List of Seed-Borne Diseases. -International Seed Testing
Association, Switzerland.