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F-18 Human Engineering Program -- a Retrospective View

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Abstract

Presentation begins with a review of the F-18 Program - progression from a single place fighter with a crew station the size of the A-4's to a full multi-mission aircraft. Describes Human Engineering design “ground rules” and illustrates the degree to which the actual design conforms. Describes the role of anthropometry in both the crew station and design considerations affecting the maintainer - both airborne WRA's and GSE. New techniques in applied anthropometry are described. Presents a short review of the simulator and mock-up work accomplished during design and development. A summary of the role and contributions of the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps pilots who participated in the “Aircrew Systems Advisory Panel” (ASAP) is presented. Unique relationships between Human Factors and ASAP are described. The results of the implementation of a rigorous Human Factors program are shown during flight and ground testing. A summary of contractor, Naval Air Test Center and early operational tests is presented. Finally, the authors' individual views as to the cost effectiveness of a thorough Human Factors program on a major acquisition such as the F-18 are provided. Recommendations for future programs are also delineated.

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... In the early 1970s, breakthrough research led by the Office of Naval Research, Joint Army Navy Aircraft Instrumentation Research (JANAIR) program headed by Lt. CDR, Frank Cundari and Lt. CDR Hylan B. Lyon identified advanced cockpit technologies that were quickly and effectively transitioned to the F/A-18 Hornet and AV-8B Harrier aircraft at that time and subsequently into other tactical aircraft in the form of a "glass cockpit," incorporating multi-purpose displays rather than round dial instruments (Hitchcock, et al, 1982, Merriman, et al, 1984. Organization, staffing and risk tolerance were all critical to making this successful. ...
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In order to preserve some important historical information and perspective, this paper will present human factors engineering innovations and success stories in aircraft cockpit design for the US Navy and US Marine Corps over the last 50 years. This is a story of close collaboration between human factors professionals serving as active duty military, civilian government employees, and contractors. We focus on what was accomplished and how advanced technologies and processes were transitioned from laboratory to the fleet through systems acquisition. Timely transition of user interface technologies was critical to many of these successes. Impacts of these technology transitions are highlighted. We will demonstrate how a combination of organization, staffing, and risk tolerance allowed the US Navy to efficiently transition advanced crew station and other technologies successfully to military aircraft.
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