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L'intégration du genre Leuenbergeria Lodé dans sa propre sous-famille, Leuenbergerioideae Mayta & Mol. Nov., subfam. nov.

January 2015

January 2015
12(1):6-7

Authors:

National University of St Agustin

A new subfamily is created for the Cactaceae, Leuenbergerioideae subfam. nov., segregated from Pereskioideae, and based on Leuenbergeria Lodé. A full list of species, and their synonymy, is provided.

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n° 12

Janvier 2015

Succulentopi@

Le Cactus Francophone en revue

ISSN 2259-1060

Sommaire

Édito ............................................................ par Yann Cochard .................. 3

Galerie photos ............................................................. par Olivier Arnoud ................. 4

Leuenbergerioideae ........................................ par Luis Mayta et EA Molinari-Novoa .. 6

Encyclopédie : Leuenbergeria ............................................ par Philippe Corman ............. 8

Botaniste : Beat Ernst Leuenberger (1946-2010) ............. par Philippe Corman ............ 19

Encyclopédie : Adromischus ........................................... par Benoit ALBERT ............... 20

Philatélie ............................................................. par Jean-Pierre Pailler .......... 32

Aperçu de discussions sur le forum .................................. ......................................... 33

Bibliothèque numérique de CactusPro … ........................ ......................................... 35

Informations diverses ..................................................... ......................................... 37

Agenda ................................................................................ .................................. 38

Ce numéro publie p.6 une nouvelle sous-famille/ In this issue p.6 is published a new sub-family name :

Leuenbergerioideae Mayta & Mol. Nov."

Photo de couverture : Adromischus hemisphaericus avec Aloe comptoni, Eikelaan Farm, Perdeberg

Photo Chris Rodgerson

Succulentopi@ n°12, janvier 2015

* Éditeur : Cactuspro, association loi 1901, 63360 Saint-Beauzire, France, yann@cactuspro.com

* Directeur de la publication : Yann Cochard

* Rédactrice en chef : Martine Deshogues

* Comité de rédaction : Yann Cochard, Martine Deshogues, Alain Laroze, Philippe Corman, Maxime Leveque,

Éric Mare

* ISSN : 2259-1060

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Succulentopi@ N° 12 - Janvier 2015 Page 6 sur 40

Article : Leuenbergerioideae par Luis Mayta et EA Molinari-Novoa

http://www.cactuspro.com/articles/l-integration-du-genre-leuenbergeria-dans-sa-propre-sous-famille-leuenbergerioideae

L'intégration du genre Leuenbergeria Lodé dans sa propre sous-famille,

Leuenbergerioideae Mayta & Mol. Nov., subfam. nov.

par Luis Mayta1 et EA Molinari-Novoa2

1 Herbier du deuxième étage du Pavillon de Biologie « Her-

barium Arequipense » (HUSA). Université Nationale « San

Agustín ». Arequipa, Pérou.

2 Herbier du Département de Biologie « Augusto Weber-

bauer » (MOL). Faculté des Sciences. Université Nationale

Agricole « La Molina ». Lima, Pérou. Courriel :

20090095@lamolina.edu.pe.

Pendant longtemps (Butterworth & Wallace, 2005 ; Edwards

et al., 2005 ; Butterworth & Edwards, 2008 ; Bárcenas et al.,

2011), a été reconnue la paraphylie de Pereskia Mill., l’un

des genres les plus primitifs des cactées (Edwards & Do-

noghue, 2006). Actuellement, les Pereskiae «véritables» ont

été délimitées par Nyffeler & Eggli (2010). Stevens (2014)

propose dans son APWeb le nom Rhodocactus (A. Berger)

F.M. Knuth (in Backeberg & Knuth, 1935) comme une alter-

native possible pour les espèces qui en sont exclues (égale-

ment connues collectivement comme “clade du Nord”, qui

est plus ancien que tout autre dans les cactées, cf. Arakaki

et al., 2011). Ce nom a été établi originalement comme un

sous-genre de Pereskia.

Cependant, cette alternative n'est pas acceptable, car Ber-

ger (1926, 1929) a choisi un "véritable" Pereskia comme

type de ce sous-genre, et de ce fait, il s’agit d’un synonyme

(Backeberg, 1958 ; Leuenberg 1986, 2007). Lodé (2013) a

reconnu cette situation et a transféré toutes les espèces

concernées dans son nouveau genre, Leuenbergeria, mais ce

changement qui était correct, a été ignoré par la plupart des

cactologistes, qui maintiennent la paraphylie de Pereskia et

donc, la paraphylie de toute la sous-famille. Par conséquent,

nous proposons le nouveau taxon suivant pour corriger

cette situation :

Leuenbergerioideae Mayta & Mol. Nov, subfam. nov.

Latina diagnosis : Parvae arbores vel fru-

teces lianescentes, cambio suberogeno

praecoce, sine stomatibus caulinaribus.

Differt haec subfamilia a subfamilia Pe-

reskioidearum quoniam eaedem cambio

tardo stomatibusque caulinaribus. Typus :

Leuenbergeria Lodé.

English description : This taxon of small

trees and shrubs (that may be lianescent)

differs from Pereskioideae in having plants

with precocious development of the cork

cambium (instead of a delayed one as in

pereskioids), and therefore without stoma-

ta in the stems (while every other cactus

do have cauline stomata). Type genus :

Leuenbergeria Lodé.

Les plantes de cette sous-famille sont des arbres ou des

arbrisseaux qui n’ont pas de stomates sur l’épiderme, car le

phellogène a un développement précoce. Cette caractéris-

tique est typique de plants non-xérophytiques, et n’apparaît

chez aucune autre cactacée. 1 genre, 8 espèces.

Genre-type : Leuenbergeria Lodé (2013 : 26)

Synonymes : Rhodocactus (A. Berger) F.M. Knuth [Pereskia

subgen. Rhodocactus A. Berger], pro parte, typo excluso.

Espèce-type : L. quisqueyana (Alain) Lodé

Espèces, avec leur synonymie

L. aureiflora (F. Ritter) Lodé (2013 : 26).

 Pereskia aureiflora F. Ritter (1979 : 22).

L. bleo (Kunth) Lodé (2013 : 26).

 Cactus bleo Kunth (1823 : 69). Pereskia bleo (Kunth)

DC. (1828a : 475). Rhodocactus bleo (Kunth) F.M.

Knuth (1935 : 97).

= Pereskia corrugata Cutak (1951 : 173). Rhodocactus

corrugatus (Cutak) Backeb. (1958 : 118).

= Pereskia panamensis F.A.C. Weber (1898a : 939).

L. guamacho (F.A.C. Weber) Lodé (2013 : 26).

 Pereskia guamacho F.A.C. Weber (1898a : 938). Rho-

docactus guamacho (F.A.C. Weber) F.M. Knuth

(1935 : 97).

= Pereskia colombiana Britton & Rose (1919 : 17). Rho-

docactus colombianus (Britton & Rose) F.M. Knuth

(1935 : 97).

L. lychnidiflora (DC.) Lodé (2013 : 27).

 Pereskia lychnidiflora DC. (1828b : 75). Rhodocactus

lychnidiflorus (DC.) F.M. Knuth (1935 : 97).

= Cactus fimbriatus Moc. & Sessé ex DC. (1828a : 475).

= Opuntia golziana K. Schum. (1898 : 654).

= Pereskia calandriniaeflora Link & Otto ex Salm-Dyck

(1850 : 252).

= Pereskia conzattii Britton & Rose (1919 : 24). Rhodo-

cactus conzattii (Britton & Rose) F.M. Knuth (1958 :

118).

Succulentopi@ N° 12 - Janvier 2015 Page 7 sur 40

= Pereskia nicoyana F.A.C. Weber (1902 : 468). Rhodo-

cactus nicoyanus F.M. Knuth (1935 : 97).

= Pereskia opuntiiflora DC. (1828b : 76). Pereskiopsis

opuntiiflora (DC.) Britton & Rose (1908 : 332).

= Pereskia pititache Karw. ex Pfeiff. (1837 : 176). Opun-

tia pititache (Karw. ex Pfeiff.) F.A.C. Weber (1898b :

166). Pereskiopsis pititache (Karw. ex Pfeiff.) Britton

& Rose (1908 : 332).

= Pereskiopsis autumnalis Eichlam (1909 : 22). Pereskia

autumnalis (Eichlam) Rose (1909 : 399). Rhodocactus

autumnalis (Eichlam) F.M. Knuth (1935 : 96).

L. marcanoi (Areces) Lodé (2013 : 27).

 Pereskia marcanoi Areces (1992 : 424).

= Pereskia “sp. A” Leuberger (1986).

L. portulacifolia (L.) Lodé (2013 : 27).

 Cactus portulacifolius L. (1753 : 469). Pereskia portu-

lacifolia (L.) DC. (1828b : 475). Rhodocactus portulaci-

folius (L.) F.M. Knuth (1935 : 96).

L. quisqueyana (Alain) Lodé (2013 : 27).

 Pereskia quisqueyana Alain (1980 : 183).

L. zinniiflora (DC.) Lodé (2013 : 27).

 Pereskia zinniiflora DC. (1828b : 75). Rhodocactus

zinniiflorus (DC.) F.M. Knuth (1935 : 96).

= Pereskia cubensis Britton & Rose (1912 : 13). Rhodo-

cactus cubensis (Britton & Rose) F.M. Knuth (1935 :

96)

Remerciements

Les auteurs remercient M. Carlos Enrique Sánchez Ocharan

(de l’Herbier MOL) pour son aide dans la création de la dia-

gnose latine, et la professeure Milena Castillo Palermo (de

l’Alliance Française de La Molina) pour l'examen de la ver-

sion française de l’article.

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May 2011
P NATL ACAD SCI USA

The cacti are one of the most celebrated radiations of succulent plants. There has been much speculation about their age, but progress in dating cactus origins has been hindered by the lack of fossil data for cacti or their close relatives. Using a hybrid phylogenomic approach, we estimated that the cactus lineage diverged from its closest relatives ≈35 million years ago (Ma). However, major diversification events in cacti were more recent, with most species-rich clades originating in the late Miocene, ≈10-5 Ma. Diversification rates of several cactus lineages rival other estimates of extremely rapid speciation in plants. Major cactus radiations were contemporaneous with those of South African ice plants and North American agaves, revealing a simultaneous diversification of several of the world's major succulent plant lineages across multiple continents. This short geological time period also harbored the majority of origins of C(4) photosynthesis and the global rise of C(4) grasslands. A global expansion of arid environments during this time could have provided new ecological opportunity for both succulent and C(4) plant syndromes. Alternatively, recent work has identified a substantial decline in atmospheric CO(2) ≈15-8 Ma, which would have strongly favored C(4) evolution and expansion of C(4)-dominated grasslands. Lowered atmospheric CO(2) would also substantially exacerbate plant water stress in marginally arid environments, providing preadapted succulent plants with a sharp advantage in a broader set of ecological conditions and promoting their rapid diversification across the landscape.

Pereskia and the Origin of the Cactus Life-Form

Article

Jun 2006

The cactus life‐form is cited as an example of a tight relationship between organism form and function: a succulent, long‐lived, photosynthetic stem allows cacti to survive long periods of drought while maintaining a positive tissue water status. Pereskia (Cactaceae) comprises 17 species of leafy shrubs and trees that are thought to represent the original cactus condition. Recent phylogenetic work has shown that there are two separate clades of Pereskia species, which are basal and paraphyletic with respect to the rest of the cacti. We selected seven Pereskia species, representing both clades, and characterized their water relations by measuring a suite of physiological traits in wild populations. Additionally, we estimated basic climate parameters from collection localities for all 17 Pereskia species. Extant Pereskia species exhibit ecological water use patterns that are very similar to those of the leafless, stem‐succulent cacti. Ancestral trait reconstruction for the physiological and environmental data provides a preliminary assessment of the ecology and water relations of the earliest cacti and suggests that several key elements of the cactus ecological niche were established before the evolution of the cactus life‐form. We interpret these ecological traits as potentially important drivers of evolutionary innovation in the cacti.

A farewell to dated ideas and concepts: Molecular phylogenetics and a revised suprageneric classification of the family Cactaceae

Article

Jan 2010

Pereskia marcanoi, a New Species of Cactaceae from Hispaniola

Article

Oct 1992

Alberto E. Areces-Mallea

Pereskia marcanoi is newly described from the rocky hillsides of Cerro San Francisco (Bánica), western Dominican Republic. With three other species from Hispaniola and Cuba, this new taxon forms a unique group of functionally dioeciousPereskia species native to the West Indies. Some important diagnostic characters of the members of this group are contrasted in key form.

Pereskia, Maihuenia, and Blossfeldia—Taxonomic History, Updates, and Notes

Article

Sep 2009

Beat Ernst Leuenberger

The taxonomic history of the three genera Pereskia, Maihuenia, and Blossfeldia is reviewed and discussed in the context of general historical aspects of cactus taxonomy and in view of ongoing discussion on evolution and phylogenetic position of the three genera. Some updates and additional observations complementing earlier monographic treatments of Pereskia and Maihuenia and other papers on all three genera are provided. The appearance of these cacti since 2004 on websites is briefly analysed with selected data retrieved from Google searches. All recognized species are illustrated.

Investigating Pereskia and the Earliest Divergences In Cactaceae

Article

Sep 2009

Charles Butterworth

The cacti are renowned desert plants of the New World. The are typically leafless, spine-bearing stem succulents. Species of Pereskia possess broad, regular leaves and have been viewed as being representative of ancestral cacti. A number of previous studies have attempted to resolve phylogenetic relationships within Pereskia and between Pereskia and other cacti. Here, we present the results of a joint analysis along with hypothesis testing using datasets previously published independently by each author. This study clearly shows a basal split in the cacti between a clade of Caribbean-basin-centered Pereskia species and all other cacti. Furthermore, hypothesis testing strongly supports the basal Pereskia hypothesis over an alternative hypothesis in which the Opuntioideae form the basal split in the cacti (although the latter hypothesis was not statistically rejected).

Molecular Systematics of the Cactaceae

Article

Mar 2011
CLADISTICS

Bayesian, maximum-likelihood, and maximum-parsimony phylogenies, constructed using nucleotide sequences from the plastid gene region trnK-matK, are employed to investigate relationships within the Cactaceae. These phylogenies sample 666 plants representing 532 of the 1438 species recognized in the family. All four subfamilies, all nine tribes, and 69% of currently recognized genera of Cactaceae are sampled. We found strong support for three of the four currently recognized subfamilies, although relationships between subfamilies were not well defined. Major clades recovered within the largest subfamilies, Opuntioideae and Cactoideae, are reviewed; only three of the nine currently accepted tribes delimited within these subfamilies, the Cacteae, Rhipsalideae, and Opuntieae, are monophyletic, although the Opuntieae were recovered in only the Bayesian and maximum-likelihood analyses, not in the maximum-parsimony analysis, and more data are needed to reveal the status of the Cylindropuntieae, which may yet be monophyletic. Of the 42 genera with more than one exemplar in our study, only 17 were monophyletic; 14 of these genera were from subfamily Cactoideae and three from subfamily Opuntioideae. We present a synopsis of the status of the currently recognized genera. © The Willi Hennig Society 2011.

Die cactaceae : handbuch der karteenkunde / Curt Backeberg

Article

Curt Backeberg

L'intégration du genre Leuenbergeria Lodé dans sa propre sous-famille, Leuenbergerioideae Mayta & Mol. Nov., subfam. nov.

Abstract

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