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The Doeden Local Fauna (Illinoian/Sangamonian?), Eastern Montana
... The study reported that the biomolecular histology (especially the "collagenous" matrix) of specimens with dates exceeding ~100-600 Ka was substantially altered relative to specimens of younger timepoints. Light microscopy was herein used to replicate and reevaluate reported data for three of the 2007 study specimens & Hill, 2000). This was done according to the same demineralization protocol reported by the 2007 study (Schweitzer, Wittmeyer, & Horner, 2007). ...
... Further, this agrees with the trend of sequenceable DNA being rarely reported from specimens exceeding 0.13-0.24 Ma in geologic age (excluding cave and permafrost deposits) (Buckley et al., 2011;Froese et al., 2017;Lindqvist et al., 2010;Meyer et al., 2017;Mitchell & Rawlence, 2021;Wadsworth & Buckley, 2014;Welker et al., 2019) as MOR 604 and MOR 605 are both assigned constrained dates of ~100-600 Ka (Hill & Schweitzer, 1999;McDonald et al., 2020;Wilson & Hill, 2000). ...
... data not shown), the M. columbi femur (MOR 91.72, ~14-15 Ka in calibrated years, ~12.5 Ka in radiocarbon years, Lindsay/Deer Creek, Montana, United States; Hill & Davis, 1998; Hill & Schweitzer, 1999), the M. columbi skull (MOR 604, ~100-600 Ka, Doeden gravel beds, Montana, United States; Hill& Schweitzer, 1999;Schweitzer et al., 2002;Wilson & Hill, 2000), and the M. pacificus skull (MOR 605, ~100-600 Ka, Doeden gravel beds, Montana, United States, species recently reassigned from M. americanum;Asara et al., 2007;McDonald et al., 2020; ...
Researchers' ability to accurately screen fossil and subfossil specimens for preservation of DNA and protein sequences remains limited. Thermal exposure and geologic age are usable proxies for sequence preservation on a broad scale but are of nominal use for specimens of similar depositional environments. Cell and tissue biomolecular histology is thus proposed as a novel proxy for determining sequence preservation potential of ancient specimens with improved accuracy. Biomolecular histology as a proxy is hypothesized to elucidate why fossils/subfossils of some depositional environments preserve sequences while others do not and to facilitate selection of ancient specimens for use in molecular studies.
... The study reported that the biomolecular histology (especially the "collagenous" matrix) of specimens with dates exceeding~100-600Ka was substantially altered relative to specimens of younger timepoints. Light microscopy was herein used to replicate and reevaluate reported data for three of the 2007 study specimens & Hill, 2000)). This was done according to the same demineralization protocol reported by the 2007 study (Schweitzer, Wittmeyer, et al., 2007). ...
... Further, this agrees with the trend of sequence-able DNA being rarely reported from specimens exceeding 0.13-0.24Ma in geologic age (excluding cave and permafrost deposits) (Buckley et al., 2011;Froese et al., 2017;Lindqvist et al., 2010;Meyer et al., 2017;Mitchell & Rawlence, 2021;Wadsworth & Buckley, 2014;Welker et al., 2019) as MOR 604 and MOR 605 are both assigned constrained dates of~100-600Ka (C. L. Hill & Schweitzer, 1999;McDonald et al., 2020;Wilson & Hill, 2000). ...
... L.Hill & Davis, 1998; C. L.Hill & Schweitzer, 1999)), the M. columbi skull (MOR 604,~100-600Ka, Doeden gravel beds, Montana, United States, (C. L.Hill & Schweitzer, 1999;Schweitzer et al., 2002;Wilson & Hill, 2000)), and the M. pacificus skull (MOR 605, 100-600Ka, Doeden gravel beds, Montana, United States, species recently reassigned from M. americanum,McDonald, Atwater, Dooley Jr., & Hohman, 2020;Wilson ...
Researcher ability to accurately screen fossil and sub-fossil specimens for preservation of DNA and protein sequences remains limited. Thermal exposure and geologic age are usable proxies for sequence preservation on a broad scale but are of limited use for specimens of similar depositional environments and/or ages. Cell and tissue biomolecular histology is thus proposed as a proxy for determining sequence preservation potential of ancient specimens with improved accuracy. Biomolecular histology as a proxy is hypothesized to elucidate why fossil/sub-fossils of some depositional environments and or geologic ages preserve sequences while others do not and to facilitate selection of ancient specimens for use in molecular studies.
... Pleistocene fossils have been reported from the Yellowstone River valley for more than a hundred years; fragments of mammoth were discovered near Glendive, Montana (Hay, 1914;Hay, 1924) as early as 1908 (Wilson & Hill, 2000). One of the more significant fossil localities is the Doeden gravel pit north of the Yellowstone River near Miles City, Montana. ...
... One of the more significant fossil localities is the Doeden gravel pit north of the Yellowstone River near Miles City, Montana. This site has been studied by archaeologists from the Museum of the Rockies starting in 1976, when the first fossils were collected (Wilson & Hill, 2000). In 1989, the partial skull of a mastodon was recovered (Wilson & Hill, 2000;Wilson & Hill, 2002;Wilson, McDonald & Hill, 2005;Hill, 2006). ...
... This site has been studied by archaeologists from the Museum of the Rockies starting in 1976, when the first fossils were collected (Wilson & Hill, 2000). In 1989, the partial skull of a mastodon was recovered (Wilson & Hill, 2000;Wilson & Hill, 2002;Wilson, McDonald & Hill, 2005;Hill, 2006). ...
Mammut pacificus is a recently described species of mastodon from the Pleistocene of California and Idaho. We report the easternmost occurrence of this taxon based upon the palate with right and left M3 of an adult male from the Irvingtonian of eastern Montana. The undamaged right M3 exhibits the extreme narrowness that characterizes M . pacificus rather than M . americanum . The Montana specimen dates to an interglacial interval between pre-Illinoian and Illinoian glaciation, perhaps indicating that M . pacificus was extirpated in the region due to habitat shifts associated with glacial encroachment.
Mammoth fossils and other Pleistocene vertebrates from the Upper Missouri Basin, in the northern Plains and Rocky Mountains of the western interior of North America, have been dated to the late Pleistocene and are associated with Wisconsinan deposits. Mammoth remains have also been found in older stratigraphic contexts. For example, Mammuthus columbi and other fossils from the Doeden Locality are in pre-Wisconsinan terrace gravels along the Yellowstone River; the deposits are likely Illinoian or Sangamonian. Faunas that appear to be associated with the Wisconsinan interstadial, before the Last Glacial Maximum, are found in intermountain valleys and mountain settings (the Merrell Locality, Blacktail Cave, Natural Trap Cave) and on the Plains in both glaciated and unglaciated regions (Box Creek, Wibaux gravel pit). Localities containing faunas dated to the time interval from about the Last Glacial Maximum to the end of the Younger Dryas chronozone (late Wisconsinan) include the youngest fossil-bearing strata at Merrell, Blacktail Cave, Natural Trap Cave; deposits at Sheep Rock Spring, Indian Creek, MacHaffie, False Cougar Cave, Shield Trap Cave; and mammoths found at Sun River, Glendive, Colby, and the Deer Creek drainage.
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