Albanian Alps Management Plan

Full text

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The European Union’s IPA 2010 programme for Albania
This project is funded by
The European Union
Technical Assistance for Strengthening the Capacity of
the Ministry of Environment in Albania for Law
Drafting and Enforcement of National Environmental
Legislation
(Europe Aid/130987/C/SER/AL)
Activity A.3: Preparation of Strategy and Plans - Protected Areas
Management Plans
Thethi & Valbona Valley National Parks, and
Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve
Management Plan
Draft Final

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Project title:
Technical Assistance for Strengthening the Capacity of the Ministry of
Environment in Albania for Law Drafting and Enforcement of National
Environmental Legislation
Project number:
Europe Aid/130987/C/SER/AL;
Contract no.
2011/275-693
Country:
Republic of Albania
Beneficiary
Contractor
Name:
Ministry of Environment
Grontmij A/S
Address:
Durresi Str, Nr 27, Tirana,
Albania
Granskoven 8 DK-2600 Glostrup
Contact Person:
Ardiana Sokoli
Paolo Bacca
Phone:
+355 4 2259900
+355 4 2226493
E-mail:
Ardiana.Sokoli@moe.gov.al
Paolo.Bacca@selea.al
Date of Report:
06/06/2014
Title:
Thethi & Valbona Valley National Parks, and Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve
Management Plan
Authors:
Erjola Keçi, Elisabeth Krog
QA:
Paolo Bacca
Acknowledgement
The project team wishes to express its gratitude to all resource persons and experts from all institutions and
stakeholders involved in the collection of data and information and to all persons and bodies that have
supported the development of this Management Plan. Special thanks are given to the Directorate of
Biodiversity and Protected Areas at the MoE, local authorities, local communities, DSF staff in Shkodra and
Kuksi/Tropoja section and other stakeholders of the area.
This report has been prepared by a project team working for Grontmij. The findings, conclusions and
interpretations expressed in this document are those of Grontmij alone and should not in any way be taken to
reflect the opinions and policies of the European Commission.

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Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 7
Executive summary ..................................................................................................................................... 11
PART 1: DESCRIPTION OF THE ALBANIAN ALPS AREA ................................................................................ 21
1.1 Area Description ......................................................................................................................... 21
1.1.1 Description of Protected Areas in the Albanian Alps ................................................................. 21
1.2 Legislation Framework ................................................................................................................ 29
1.2.1 Regulatory framework for Valbona and Thethi NPs and Gashi Strict Nature Reserve ............. 30
1.2.2 Stakeholders ............................................................................................................................. 31
1.2.3 Description of Alps ecological system ....................................................................................... 33
1.2.4 Description of Alps socio-economic system ............................................................................. 40
1.2.5 Current governance structure in the protected area ............................................................... 45
1.2.6 Description of cultural landscape and heritage ........................................................................ 48
PART 2: EVALUATION OF THE ALBANIAN ALPS AREA AND ASSESSMENT OF THE INSTITUTIONAL
FRAMEWORK .............................................................................................................................................. 51
2.1 Assessment of Values.................................................................................................................. 51
2.1.1 Ecological values ....................................................................................................................... 51
2.1.2 Socio-economic values .............................................................................................................. 60
2.1.3 Cultural values ........................................................................................................................... 66
2.2 Assessment of the Institutional Framework ............................................................................... 68
2.3 Assessment of Threats ................................................................................................................ 71
2.3.1 Ecological Threats ..................................................................................................................... 74
2.3.2 Socio-Economic Threats ............................................................................................................ 75
PART 3: MANAGEMENT OF THE ALBANIAN ALPS AREA ............................................................................. 79
3.1 Vision and objectives .................................................................................................................. 79
3.1.1 Long-term management objectives .......................................................................................... 79
3.1.2 Short-term management objectives ......................................................................................... 80
3.1.2 Management Plan Principles .................................................................................................... 82
3.2 Definition of management zones ...................................................................................................... 83

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3.2.1 Proposal for Valbona and Thethi NPs and Gashi Strict Nature Reserve Zoning ..................... 84
3.3 Management Actions for Thethi NP ................................................................................................. 92
3.3.1 Strengthen the protected area management system .............................................................. 93
3.3.2 Increase habitats and biodiversity protection and conservation .............................................. 96
3.3.3 Develop the recreational and touristic uses .............................................................................. 97
3.3.4 Develop sustainable agriculture and socio-economic activities ............................................... 99
3.3.5 Promote scientific research and education ............................................................................. 100
3.4 Management Actions for Valona Valley NP .................................................................................... 102
3.4.1 Strengthen the protected area management system ............................................................. 102
3.4.2 Increase habitats and biodiversity protection and conservation ............................................ 106
3.4.3 Develop the recreational and touristic uses ............................................................................ 107
3.4.4 Develop sustainable agriculture and socio-economic activities ............................................. 109
3. 4.5 Promote scientific research and education ............................................................................ 111
3.5 Management Actions for Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve .......................................................... 113
3. 5.1 Strengthen the protected area management system ............................................................ 114
3. 5.2 Promote scientific research and education ............................................................................ 117
PART 4: FINANCIAL PLAN .......................................................................................................................... 119
4.1 Staffing needs for Thethi National Park .................................................................................... 119
4.2 Financial Plan for Thethi National Park ..................................................................................... 119
4.3 Staffing needs for Valbona Valley National Park ..................................................................... 121
4.4 Financial Plan for Valbona Valley National Park ....................................................................... 121
4.5 Staffing needs for Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve ............................................................... 122
4. 6 Financial Plan for Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve ................................................................ 122
PART 5: MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF MANAGEMENT ................................................................. 124
5.1 Monitoring & Evaluation of Thethi National Park Management Actions ................................. 125
5.2 Monitoring & Evaluation of Valbona National Park Management Actions .............................. 131
5.3 Monitoring & Evaluation of Gashi Protected Area Management Actions ................................ 137
PART 6: REFERENCES / BIBLIOGRAPHY ..................................................................................................... 140
PART 7: ANNEXES: MAPS, FIGURES, RAW DATA, GRAPHICS .................................................................... 144
Annex I: Categories, Levels of Protection and Forbidden Activities ..................................................... 144
Annex II: Zoning Assessment Methodology .......................................................................................... 146
Annex III: Budget separated into programs and actions for Thethi National Park Area ...................... 147

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Annex IV: Budget separated into programs and actions for Valbona Valley National Park ................. 152
Annex V: Budget separated into programs and actions for Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve ........... 157
Annex VI: Animal and plant species present in the park area .............................................................. 159
Figures, Graphics Tables and Maps ........................................................................................................... 195

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List of Abbreviations
ABC Activity Based Costing
DCM Decision Council of Ministers
DFS Directory of Forestry Services
FCRP Fire Control and Rescue Police
FPUA Forest and Pasture Unit Administration
FYROM Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
HM Hunting Manager
HPP Hydropower Project
IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature
MARDWA Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Development and Water Administration
MC Management Committee
M&E Monitoring and Evaluation
METS Management Effectiveness Tracking Sheet
MoE Ministry of Environment
MoF Ministry of Finance
MP Management Plan
MTI Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure
MUDT Ministry of Urban Development and Tourism
NEA National Environmental Agency
NTA National Tourism Agency
NUCI National Urban and Construction Inspectorate
PA Protected Area
PME Participatory monitoring and evaluation
REA Regional Environmental Agency
SAC Special Areas of Conservation
SIEFW State Inspectorate for Environment, Forest and Water

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INTRODUCTION
The Albanian Alps are the northernmost part of Albania. There are two national parks and one strict
nature reserve in the Alps. The Theth National Park, designated in 1966 covering an area of 2,630
hectares; the Valbona Valley National Park designated in 1996 covering 8,000 hectares; and the Gashi
River strict nature reserve, designed in 1996, covering 3,000 hectars.
There is also a plan by the Biodiversity Directorate at MoE, to implement a large Albanian Alps National
Park, which would cover a massive area of 36,571.6 hectares1 and would include the current areas of
“Gashi River” Strict Nature Reserve, “Thethi” and “Valbona Valley” National Parks.
This Management Plan search to capture the many factors and issues at play at each protected area
separately, while encouraging an integrated approach that can be used to achieve the management
purposes of the future Albanian Alps National Park.
It aims to find solutions that make the best use of all resources, meet the needs of communities and
businesses, and conserve, enhance and increase understanding of the future Albanian Alps National
Park’s special qualities.
Plan’s formulation
The process of elaborating the Albanian Alps Management Plan (MP) has been ‘participatory’ and has
involved both central and local stakeholders to foster shared ownership of and support for the vision,
aims, objectives, policies and actions that the plan identifies.
Several workshops and consultations have been conducted with the Directorate of Biodiversity at the
MoE, local authorities, local communities and other stakeholders in the area to assist the development
of the MP. At these workshops, participants identified issues of importance for the Plan and considered
potential outcomes in relation to these.
Field surveys have been conducted in the area in collaboration with local authorities. The main aim of
these local activities has been to include local observations and points of view via collection of
information from the area, the present situation, obstacles and challenges, identify pressures, threats,
possibilities and visions for the future. Valuable information has been received, which has formed the
basis of the present MP.
The development of this MP has been the task for Erjola Keci and Elisabeth Krog. They have received
valuable contribution by Rajmonda Duka (Financial Plan), Bendis Bocari (Legal & Institutional aspects),
Morten Christensen (Zoning assessment & photos), Ferdinand Bego (Monitoring & evaluation of
management; zoning proposal), Valbona Simixhiu (GIS), Albana Zotaj (GIS), Alfred Mullaj (Habitats and
plant species, Miriam Ndini (Hydrology), Arben Pambuku (Geomorphology and soil composition), Sonila
Guna (editing), the staff of Directorate of Biodiversity and Protected Areas at the Ministry (comments &
suggestions), the staff of Directorate for Forestry Services in Shkodra and Kuksi/Tropoja section
(knowledge & understanding of the area), and the enthusiasm of local communities.
The MP has been elaborated based on the following principles:
1 Source MoE Biodiversity and protected Areas Directorare, shape file June 2013

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Baseline description of the area
Data has been collected involving: a) gathering of available background information at the locally held
workshops; b) consultation of inventories at the MoE and others relevant institutions; and c) field data
acquisition. The data have been evaluated to identify and understand the features and relevance of the
protected area in order to describe the baseline situation, including: state of the environment, the
threats and opportunities in the protected area.
Development of vision, objectives and management principles
Based on the existing situation, the baseline description, a vision for the protected area has been
formulated. The management vision is the ideal situation to be achieved in the protected area in the
future, the optimal situation in which the protected area should develop into. Based on the vision, both
long-term and short-term objectives have been defined. The objectives are more specific statements of
intentions, their existence and attainment needs to be borne in mind when designing and executing all
foreseen measures in order to reach the vision in the future.
Elaboration of action plan, monitoring and supervision
A number of actions have been designed and categorized based on the present situation and defined
objectives for the area. The actions are organised in tables (Action Plans) separately per each protected
area within Albanian Alps identifying responsible institution, period, duration, management zone and
indicators of success. The action plans and management programmes, identified for each of the
protected areas separately, are the main output of the Management Plan. The implementation of the
actions should be monitored and evaluated to provide the base for the next revision of the Management
Plan.
Identification of financial needs
The methodology used for the financial plan is the Activity Based Costing (ABC), which is a specific
costing methodology that identifies the activities and determines the cost of each of these by allocating
the resources for all the products and services based on the actual consume for each of the activity.
Because the Management Plan is divided into programs and activities, the assessment of the costs was
done for each activity. All the proposed activities involve work expenses, materials, equipments,
subcontracting expenses, which have been assessed including even the indirect costs. The total budget
for the implementation of the MP is reflected in different forms: total budget according to specific
activities; total budget according to main programs; and total budget for the implementation of the MP.
Structure of the Plan
The plan is written following the “Standard Structure of Protected Areas Management Plans” adopted
by the Ministry of Environment (MoE) following the Ministerial Order no. 148, date 21.2.2013.
In this respect the general contents of the MP are as follows:
1. Part 1 provides a description of the protected areas illustrated by maps, the protected areas’s
natural resources as well as basic facts about the area’s people and communities. It also
provides an overview of the current polices and legislation, it establishes the relationship
between the different stakeholders and the current governance structure. It describes the
special qualities of each protected area and of the planned Albanian Alps National Park, the
main ecosystems and their structure, and the social-economic systems.

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2. Part 2 provides for an evaluation of the protected areas and an assessment of the current
framework, including threats. It identifies cross-cutting issues and drivers of change that affect
or are likely to affect the existing protected areas and the future ofthe planned Albanian Alps
National Park. It summarizes the key implications associated with the sustainable management
of the area’s resources, special qualities and communities.
3. Part 3 presents of the vision, aims, strategic objectives and actions included in this Plan. These
are the central threats running throughout the Management Plan that bind it together. Further,
in part 3 are given some management principles, which in an overall manner lay down principles
for carrying out different management activities in the protected areas, some core principles
like local community participation, transparent decision making and communication, effective
management and application of the “precautionary principle” in management actions.
4. Part 4 provides the estimation of the financial needs for implementing the management actions
presented in part 3.
5. Part 5 provides a framework for monitoring and evaluating progress toward achieving the
outcomes described in the priorities for action described in the Action Plan.
Who is the Plan for?
This MP is a plan for the integrated management of Valbona Valley and Thethi National parks, and Gashi
River Strict Nature Reserve. The success of the Management Plan relies upon the cooperative
interaction of all those who care for the protected areas of Albanian Alps and their future.
It is the Ministry`s hope and expectation, that this Management Plan shall be adopted and used by the
Government of Albania through its Ministries and government agencies who are responsible for the
development of protected areas and policy implementation at national, regional and local level.
Further and most importantly, it is the MoE expectation that the Management Plan is considered as a
working tool and guidance document of the protected area, and that the plan is made available to the
public and accessible to all authorities, key stakeholders and users in the area.
Purpose of the Plan
This Management Plan is the single most important policy document for the Valbona Valley and Thethi
National parks, and Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve. It provides a prospective to all those who have an
influence over the establishment of the planned Albanian Alps National Park.
The Plan coordinates and integrates the actions that affect the management purposes of each of the
three protected areas separately. No major decisions should be taken affecting the future of the
Valbona Valley and Thethi National parks, and Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve without reference to
the Management Plan.
The Plan sets a vision for the future of the Valbona Valley and Thethi National parks, and Gashi River
Strict Nature Reserve and for the planned Albanian Alps National Park, and specifies actions and
outcomes to pursue within the next five years to bring the existing protected areas closer to this shared
vision.
The Plan promotes coordinated implementation, monitoring and evaluation of these activities
collectively across a wide range of partners and stakeholders. In essence, it creates a framework for
Valbona Valley and Thethi National parks, and Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve management, guiding
decision-making and developing priorities for everyone involved.

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Duration of the plan
The Management Plan is a strategic document setting long-term visions and aims for Valbona Valley and
Thethi National parks, and Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve, which the future Management Committee
will strive to achieve, i.e. the optimal situation in which the protected areas should develop into. On the
other hand the MP sets targets that are more realistic and achievable in the short term. Consequently,
the Plan also outlines a detailed framework of actions to take place within the protected areas
respectively within the next five years (2015-2020), at which time the Plan will be reviewed and revised
as required.

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Executive summary
The Alps are unique natural region of great beauty and ecological value, and home of the head waters of
major rivers. They constitute a major ecological, economic, cultural, recreational and living environment
in Albania. The Alps are an important reservoir for biodiversity and habitats. One strict natural reserve
and two national parks, and a number of nature monuments are located in the region. From a socio-
economic point of view the Alps are among the poorest areas in the country, but they have potential for
the implementation of successful economic activities. There are opportunities for development of this
region and, in particular, for trans-border integration and co-operation.
There are two national parks and one strict nature reserve in the Alps. The Theth National Park,
designated in 1966 covering an area of 2,630 hectares; the Valbona Valley National Park designated in
1996 covering 8,000 hectares; and the Gashi River strict nature reserve, designed in 1996, covering
3,000 hectars.
There is also a plan by the Biodiversity and Protected Areas Directorate at MoE to implement a large
Albanian Alps National Park, which would cover a massive area of 36,571.6 hectares2 and would include
the current areas of “Gashi River” Strict Nature Reserve, “Thethi” and “Valbona Valley” National Parks
(see Map1).
Protected areas description
National Park of Thethi
The area of Theth is declared National Park with a surface of 2,630 ha through the DCM No. 96, dated
21.11.1966. The “National Park of Theth” lies in the valley that the river of Theth created, between the
block “Bjeshket e Namuna” on the west, and the block of Jezerca on the east.
The Thethi NP is 75 km away from the city of Shkodra. The area is entirely part of the Shkoder district,
commune of Shale and includes 8 villages as follows: Thethi (Nikgjonaj), Thethi (Okoli), Thethi (Grunasi),
Thethi (Gjelaj), Thethi (Hardedaj), Thethi (Nenrrethi), Thethi (Gjecaj), and Thethi.
The NP offers well distinguished habitats with an abundant coverage. The diversity of habitats provides
a high diversity of fauna and influences the density of different groups of communities as well.
Main habitats with high coverage within the protected area are forest land, mixed forests (broad leaved
and coniferous), shrubs and forest vegetation land. Agricultural areas are located close to the inhabited
villages, and pasture and meadows.
The climate in the park area is hard with snowfalls during winter that range from 1.5 meters in the lower
parts up to 3 meters in the higher parts of the park.
This area is rich in geological formations. The main rocky formations are Carbonates and Porous
formations.
2 Source MoE Biodiversity Directorare, shape file June 2013

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The river of Theth, which originates from Okolli springs, in the northen part of the country, runs along
the valley. It has crystal clear and foamy waters in some places.
One of the most distinguished characteristics of this river is the abundance of mountain trout. The Park
contains many other streams named the “Sheep”, “Gurra” and the stream of “Shkafi”.
In “Thethi” National Park rivers, streams and lakes are used mainly as drinking water resources, for
irrigation and other farming purposes. Water resources are also used as hydropower for electricity
supply; they are important for tourism development and used for fishery.
Trouts are present in the cold waters and carstic lakes in Thethi River where fishing with hookes is
exercised as a sport.
Agriculture and livestock
Even though Thethi is outstretched over a large territory, its agricultural land is limited. The average land
per person is two thousand square meters. The land is fertile and well-watered. The climate is favorable
for growing maize, potatoes, peppers, tomatoes, cucumbers, aubergines, onions, garlics, pease,
cabbages, the beans of Shala with high organic values, apples, pears, plumbs, cherries, quinces,
chestnuts, strawberries and grapes of which is produced homemade wine and raki.
Agriculture and farming is the most important economic activity for the local people within the
protected area.
Promotion, marketing and certification of local bio-products if not carried out can limit the locals benefit
in the future.
Livestock graze manly in abandoned pasture areas. Grazing is however not controlled and managed.
Overgrazing in Thethi National Park, uncontrolled circulation within the pastures can imply the
extinction of some endemic species. The surface and the capacity for grazing areas have not been
defined and poses a threat to biodiversity.
Honey is produced in small quantities in Thethi and distributed at local level. The lack of certification,
quality control, standard packaging, marketing etc. is a barrier for further distribution to larger scale
markets (national and international).
Tourism
Thethi National Park is characterized by its natural biodiversity such as forests, alpine and sub alpine
pastures, rugged mountains, and deep valleys.
In a few places, like ThethI, tourism has been revitalized by recreational hiking. With the help of GTZ, 40
private houses (also referred to as Guest Houses, or Han in Albanian) have been transformed into tourist
accommodations or B&Bs. Additionally, hiking trails have been marked and trail maps and travel guides
published. Lakes such as Plav and Hrid also receives many tourists during the summer months. In many
villages there are small hydropower plants that supply the village with electricity.
Cultural attractions of the region of Thethi include the traditional clothes, churches, characteristic
houses, and the way of living.
The clean climate and the numerous natural beauties make this region attractive to the tourists. Thethi
welcomes visitors all the year round, including mountain climbers, botanists, fishing amateurs,
speleologists, as well as those passionate of mountain cycling.
However, only few facilities for tourism development are currently available at “Thethi” National Park.
An increase of offer in accommodation facilities will have a positive impact to local economic income,
but could also have a negative impact on nature as an encreasing number of visitors may cause
disturbances in nature and create local waste pollution.

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Forestry
Thethi National Park offers good conditions for forests (forests of beech, black pine, maple, and ash tree,
including some centennial beeches with a diameter of 1 – 1.5 m are found here) and pastures in general
as a result of careful nature protection and conservation carried out by the local residents. Fires and
erosion are the main threats in the area due to lack of public awareness and implementation of
regulations, including the limited manpower-resources available for inspection and management.
The inhabitants of Thethi cultivate their land and fields for only half of the year, in order to sustain
themselves and their families. The diet of this region includes mainly meat and diary products such as
cheese, butter, and cottage cheese. These products have a high quality because of the clean
environment and the fertile soil.
National Park of Valbona Valley
In accordance with Decision of Council of Ministers no. 102, dated 15.1.1996, the Valbona Valley is
proclaimed as “National Park” with a surface 8,000 ha.
This valley is situated in the center of the Albanian in the district of Tropoja, 25 - 30 km in northwest of
the city of Bajram Curri. The park is included in the commune of Margegaj, and includes 11 villages as
follows: Ceremi, Ceremi (Gocaj), Dragobia, Dragobia (Hajderaj), Dragobia (Kikaj Maskollata), Kocanaj
(Kelcyre), Rragami, Shoshani (Graci), Valbona, Valbona (Cuka Dunishes), and Valbona (Kukaj).
The NP is covered mainly by forests combined by natural grassland, and heath land. Forests are the most
abundant habitat. They located along the valley and offer a rich landscape and a unique combination of
ecosystems. Pasture and meadow are also present. The agriculture land is limited and located close to
the inhabited villages of the valley. Rocky area covers the rest of Valbona National Park, surrounding the
forests, shrubby and herbaceous vegetation associations. Open spaces with no or little vegetation have
a considerable abundance.
The climate in the park area is characterised by cold winters and fresh summers.
The area of Valbona Valley National Park is composed geologically by rocky formations as: Carbonates,
Magmatic and Porous formations.
The Valbona River is the longest and biggest river in the area. It is still relatively untouched. Its source is
located near the border to Montenegro.
The Valbona River is one of the main branches of Drini River. The river flows east through the
municipality Margegaj (mountain villages Valbonë, Dragobi and Shoshan), then turns south along Bajram
Curri, and continues southwest until it flows out into the river Drin, near Fierzë.
In the Valbona River discharge two important branches: Gashi and Tropoja River.
The water resources have all a good water quality. The surface waters are used as drinking water supply
for the local and regional communities and for irrigation. Two hydropower plants are respectively in the
Dragobi and Cerem area utilise the river’s water.
Trout can be found in the cold waters as well as in kartstic lakes of Valbona. Fishing is practiced in the
area. In Valbona River active fishery also takes place.

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Agriculture and livestock
Agriculture has mainly in the form of small, family-run alpine farming, i.e. summer grazing of livestock
up on the alpine pastures (June to September) and winter sheltering down in the valleys. Honey, raki
(plum or grape brandy), dried wild mushrooms and herbal teas (çaj mali, an aromatic mountain tea),
berries for jams, medical herbs and ewes’ milk cheese and yoghurt, as well as nearly all sorts of fruits
and vegetables are the region’s main products.
Agriculture and livestock are the main employment options of this Valley.
The diet of this area includes mainly meat and diary products such as cheese, butter, and cottage
cheese.
Promotion, marketing and certification of local bio-products if not carried out can limit the locals benefit
in the future.
Livestock graze manly in abandoned pasture areas. Grazing is however not controlled and managed.
Product quality improvement in livestock breeding and dairy production, better processing technology
and certification of local products can increase the quality of farming products, which is necessary in
order to stay on the marked and compete in the future.
Honey is produced in small quantities in Valbona Valley National Parks and distributed at local level. The
lack of certification, quality control, standard packaging, marketing etc. is a barrier for further
distribution to larger scale markets (national and international).
Tourism
Valbona Valley National Park is an important touristic attraction.
Valbona Valley is the most popular destination for locals and foreigners alike when visiting the Alps. The
valley is dominated by high mountains which offers fantastic views and varying colorful, seasonal
panoramas. Valbona River flows through an attractive landscape, composed by forests, pastures,
diversity of plants and characteristic houses.
The nature of this park is full of varieties suitable for tourism, fishing, relaxation, amusing and mountain
climbing as well as winter sports. Traditional hospitability is particular within the area. Tourists can walk
among the wonderful nature, make excursions and exercise different sports as climbing, trekking, riding
horses etc.
Cultural attractions of the valley include mainly the traditional clothes, churches, characteristic houses,
and the way of living.
The local population is very hospitable. Many of them have already begun to receive tourists from
Albania and abroad in their houses.
The number of tourists has increased in recent years (especially in Valbona Valley NP), and major
infrastructure investments are on the way to being implemented,including: hydro-power plants and new
roads. This development can potentially pose a threat, directly or indirectly, to the ecosystems in the
area unless carefully planned and managed.
Forestry
This valley has high biodiversity values. In the forests of this park, one may find beech, black and white
pine, oak, spruce, lime trees, as well as alpine meadows, and forests of chestnuts. The fruits that
primarily grow in this region are plums and nuts.
However, limited manpower-resources are available for inspection and management, which poses a
threat to the conservation of the biodiversity in the areas.

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Fires are considered intentionally caused by humans in most cases. Lack of fire monitoring and
management is , threatening the biodiversity and influencing the local residents.
Illegal cutting and hunting activities seem not to be significant in both the protected areas. Indicators
related to these activities are not defined and periodical monitoring is not being carried out.
Strict natural reserve of Gashi River
In accordance with Decision of Council of Ministers no. 102, dated 15.1.1996, Gashi river is proclaimed
as ‘Strict Natural Reserve” with a surface 3,000 ha.
The Gashi River valley is situated in northeast of the Albanian Alps, it borders stretch along the state
borders between Albania and Montenegro to the northwest, and between Albania and Kossovo to the
nort-east, while it share the borders with the adiacents Thethi national park to the west side, and the
Tropoje valley to the east side. The reserve is situated in the district of Tropoja, communes of Margegaj
and Tropoje, and includes 3 villages as follows: Shkelzeni (Kovocica), Bradoshnica (Herusha), and
Bradoshnica.
The nature reserve is covered mostly by forests, heath land and herbaceous vegetation associations. The
main characteristic of the strict reserve is the abundance of forests along the Valley of Gashi River and
shrubby, grassy habitats around forests.
The agriculture and rocky habitats are very few and concentrated in limited surfaces within the
protected area.
The climate of the reserve, according to Albanian national climatic classification is part of the
Mediterranean Climate North Mountain subzone. This sub area is one of the coldest parts of the
territory. Low temperatures are due to the high altitude above sea level.
Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve lies over the flysch of Vermoshi unit and subzone of Valbona. The area
is composed by schist’s of the Silurian-Devonian, volcano - sedimentary formation of upper Paleozoic,
conglomerate - sandy formations of "Luma" of Permian - lower Triassic and the lower and medium
Triassic carbonate formation (Anisiane), which is followed by vulcanite of the rift of the upper Anisiane
and tuffs, siliceous pelagic limestones with cherts of Ladiniane and limestone with siliceous of upper
Triassic.
Formations of upper Triassic - lower Jurassic are present in the northern part of Gashi River Strict Nature
Reserve, at the border to Montenegro; they are represented by radiolarites limestone, gray white color.
Paleozoic deposits are presented by the Çeremi Slate formation of the Silurian - Devonian, volcano -
sedimentary formation of Gashi dated to Upper Paleozoic and conglomerate-sandstone of the lower
Permian - Triassic.
The Gashi River is a branch of the Valbona River. It is situated on the east part of the Albanians Alps and
within the Valbona catchment area. The Gashi watershed lies in the northeast of the eastern Alps. It
starts from the glacial valley of Doberdol at an altitude of 1600m, and ends at Valbona River near the
Margegaj village. In general the water line of Gashi River watershed is characterized by mountain ridges
with height over 2000 m above sea level.
In the most upstream of Gashi River there are a number of glacial lakes as Dashi, who ranks third in size
and ranks first in elevation in all the Alps.
Water resources have all a good water quality. The surface waters are used as drinking water supply for
the local and regional communities and for irrigation.

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The Gashi River is also considered good potential for visitors attractions. In the downstream part of the
Gashi River active fishery also takes place. Local people report on the presence of 4 trout species in this
river; however no monitoring has been carried out so far.
Agriculture and livestock
The most important traditional land- and natural use of resources for the local inhabitants include sheep
breeding and extensive grazing of mountain meadows and pastures, hay mowing, farming and animal
husbandry (sheep, cows and goats), fresh fruit, potato and vegetables production, beekeeping,
medicinal plant and berry collection.
Farming and livestock are the main employment options in the surroundings of Gashi River Strict Nature
Reserve, where shepherds and stockbreeders are foucused at barely sustaining their families.
Agriculture and farming is the most important economic activity for the local people within the
protected area.
Promotion, marketing and certification of local bio-products if not carried out can limit the locals benefit
in the future.
Livestock graze manly in abandoned pasture areas. Grazing is however not controlled and managed.
The area is home to various medicinal herbs such as: blueberry, juniper, cornel bush, etc. The herbs are
often used by the inhabitants; they use the blueberries to produce syrup and jam, while the cornel and
juniper are used to produce “raki”. The chestnut honey is also famous for its nutritional and medicinal
values.
The collection of medicinal and aromatic plants is a valuble source of income for the local people.
Tourism
Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve offers natural old forests and pastures which are combined with clear
and cold waters of the area. The Gashi Valley is the path to the top of Shkelzeni Mountain. The
Doberdoli glacier is the source of the Gashi River, a tributary of the Valbona River. The valley is known
for its natural beauty meandering through narrow and attractive ravines.
At one point, the valley is so narrow it becomes a gorge. The slopes of the valley are covered with oak
and beech forests and especially coniferous forests. This is the habitat of many wild animal species such
as bear, wild goat, wolf, squirrel and eagle.
Cultural attractions of the valley include mainly the traditional clothes, characteristic houses, and the
way of living.
Forestry
Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve is famous for its high values and variety of flora and fauna. However,
limited manpower-resources are available for inspection and management, which poses a threat to the
conservation of the biodiversity in the areas.
Fires are considered intentionally caused by humans in most cases. Lack of fire monitoring and
management is , threatening the biodiversity and influencing the local residents.
Illegal cutting and hunting activities seem not to be significant in both the protected areas. Indicators
related to these activities are not defined and periodical monitoring is not being carried out.
Assessment of treaths
The identification and assessment of threats on biodiversity and conservation in the protected areas of
the Albanian Alps has been carried out in close co-operation with local stakeholders. The Valbona Valley

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and Thethi National Parks, and the Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve present common treaths, as
follows:
 Climate change: it a consolidated opinion that the climate in the Alps has changed significantly
during the past century, with temperatures constantly increasing. This makes Alps especially
vulnerable to changes in the hydrological cycle and decreases in snow cover, which is already
occurring. Global climate change threatens to continue altering the alpine hydrological system
drastically. Projected changes in precipitation, snow-cover patterns will further alter run-off
regimes, leading to more droughts in summer, floods and landslides in winter and higher inter-
annual variability. Projected water shortages and more frequent extreme events, combined with
increasing water demand (for irrigating agriculture or tourist influxes, for example), are likely to
have severe adverse effects on ecosystem services, such as the provision of drinking water.
Furthermore many mountain plant species may face extinction if unable to adapt by moving
northward or uphill. Indeed flora and fauna may have to adapt to changed conditions so that the
ecosystem structure may change. New invasive species can appear and take over, causing other
natural species to disappear.
 Hydropower sector development: the Albanian Alps, including Thethi and Valbona Valley National
Parks, and Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve offers several potential optimal locations for
development of medium-sized hydropower plants. Concession contracts to construct new small
and medium-sized hydropower plants have already been signed (e.g. Shala River) and some
projects have already started, including the construction of a hydropower plant in the Valbona
Valley NP. Several hydropower project are proposed and this can led to habitat destruction
especially in river beds. Most crucial threat from the project will, however, be the establishment of
road into inaccessible areas in Gashi River. Road will introduce a very high risk for the unique
remnants of virgin forest. A new construction of a hydropower plant and its impacts should be
carefully examined as they can vary from project to project. Such examination should identify if
nature is potentially affected and if so, mitigation measures should be taken and agreed upon
before a license is given to the operator.
 Habitat loss: the main potential threats foreseen are the fragmentation associated to loss of
habitats, the modification and/or the destruction of natural habitats due to the construction of
infrastructure, illegal logging and also a change in agriculture production with an enlargement of
agricultural land within the area. Selective cutting of Picea and Abies may change the forest
environment dramatically.
 Soil Erosion: the phenomenon of erosion is linked to modification or destruction of habitats,
especially in the most mountainous part of the Alps, and it also possesses a threat to biodiversity.
The qualities of the aquatics ecosystems can be strongly modified, when eroded materials are
washed out, and habitats in general can be physically impacted by the erosion coming from upper
zones. Illegal wood cutting and degradation of forest in areas with high slopes gives rise to further
erosion, besides the erosion that happens naturally, influencing the habitats. It takes many years
for a forest to regenerate itself in such a difficult environment again, if it ever happens. Artificial
caused erosion gives rise to the destruction and fragmentation of habitats, decline in species,
modification of native plant and animal communities and finally, permenant alteration of the
ecosystem.
 Hunting: another issue concerning biodiversity is the conservation of protected animal species.The
main problem is illegal hunting, which mostly is targeted high level protected animal species, such
as Brown bear, Lynx and the Wolf.
 Uncontrolled roads in alpine zone: in part of the alpine region there are rather intensive activities
in form of 4x4 driving. The activity is mainly connected to blue berry picking and shepherd. Bad

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maintenance of the main road often led to creation of alternative treks. It is recommended to
ensure a certain quality of the main roads and forbid all driving beside the roads.
 Overgrazing in alpine areas: according to information from local people the number of animal in
the region is declined and general impression in the area is a good balance between the number of
cattle’s, sheep’s and goats and the grazing capacity of the vegetation. However, a monitoring of the
grazing and an evaluation of the impact could be relevant to ensure a sustainable practice.
Management of areas
The vision for protected areas of the Albanian Alps is of a place where farmers and sheperds, people
who live and work in or like to visit the protected areas, and especially young people will contribute
to care for and appreciate the spectacular landscape, the natural environment its wildlife and cultural
heritage.
We share the vision of “an Albanian Alps National Park as an inspirational example of sustainable
development in which thriving communities and visitors have an opportunity to understand, enjoy and
contribute to preserve the richness of cultural heritage and biodiversity”.
Based on this shared vision for an Albanian Alps National Park, specific long term objectives were
identified as follows:
Strengthen the protected area management system
Ensure that the protected area is managed in a correct way, involving local stakeholders in a
participatory process to contribute to a sustainable management of the area’s resources maintaining a
compatible equilibrium between nature conservation and the development of human activities.
Increase habitats and biodiversity protection and conservation
Maintain the diverse habitats of the protected area, maintain the rich variety of fauna and flora and
good interactions between ecosystems, ensure good water quality in the rivers and streams and
preserve the unique natural and biological processes and life support systems.
Develop the recreational and touristic uses
Provide for and manage the use of recreational and cultural values in the area, ensuring the coexistence
of nature protection and the development of various types of touristic activities. Provide for accessible
and diverse recreation opportunities for visitors and residents, encouraging healthy living, enjoyment of
the landscape and a sense of adventure.
Develop sustainable agriculture and socio-economic activities
Ensure profitable farming, through food production, land management and family farm based business,
by supporting traditional and modern economic development that is innovative, well managed and
appropriate to the conservation of natural resources within the Alps area.
Promote scientific research and education
Promote education, nature appreciation and scientific research on the biological, geophysical and
cultural values in the protected area.
Based on the vision and the long-term objectives for Alps area, and taking into account the factors
influencing the achievement of those objectives, the management efforts during the next coming 5

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years (2015-2020) shall be focused on a set of keys short-term objectives tuned to the specific level of
protection given by law to the area.
Short term objectives for Thethi and Valbona Valley National Parks
Strengthen the protected area management system
1. Enforce the provisions of law for visitors and users in the Alp area.
2. Increase the effectiveness of protected area management system by strengthening the DFS
towards an effective law enforcement and prosecution service for violation of environmental
requirements.
3. Strengthen the co-operation among communes, forestry, and other local stakeholders.
Increase habitats and biodiversity protection and conservation
1. Ensure that the diversity of species and the ecosystems in the protected area are not adversely
affected by human activities.
2. Promote the maintenance of high water quality; prevent degradation and deterioration of
habitats.
3. Foster broad community stewardship, and commitment to the conservation of species and
sustainable use of natural resources .
Develop the recreational and touristic uses
1. Provide for the operation of low impact tourism activities.
2. Ensure that tourism is carried out in an ecologically sustainable manner, and does not negatively
impact the ecological and cultural heritage values in the protected area.
Develop sustainable agriculture and socio-economic activities
1. Promote sustainable agriculture and farming.
2. Promote ecologically and economically sound management of all grazing areas.
3. Promote beekeeping, medical plants cultivation and sustainable livelihood.
4. Support sustainable fishery.
Promote scientific research and education
1. Encourage research to take place within the protected area.
2. Ensure that information from research is made available to managers of the National Park.
3. Improve public awareness, understanding and appreciation of the protected area and the
potential impacts of human activities.
Short term objectives for Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve
Strengthen the protected area management system
1. Enforce the provisions of law for visitors and users in the Alps area.
2. Increase the effectiveness of protected area management system by strengthening the DFS
towards an effective law enforcement and prosecution service for violation of
environmental requirements.
3. Strengthen the co-operation among communes, forestry, and other local stakeholders.

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Promote scientific research and education
1. Encourage research to take place within the protected area.
2. Ensure that information from research is made available to managers of the Strict Nature
Reserve.
3. Improve public awareness, understanding and appreciation of the environment and habitats
in the protected area and the potential impacts of human activities on the environment.
Monitoring and evaluation of management
The effective implementation of this management plan is a real challenge as: a) most of the actions
identified in the Action Plan are not included in existing funding streams, and b) the delivery of many of
the Plan’s actions, is reliant upon the identification and procurement of new or additional funding.
For each of the actions the following elements were identified:
• responsible authority(ies) in charge for implementation
• expected time frame and duration
• objectively verifiable indicators
• monitoring activities
Without monitoring and evaluation of the Plan’s activities, there is no way of knowing whether the
desired outcomes have been achieved or if the issues that were meant to be solved were actually
exacerbated. All responsible authorities associated with the delivery of the priority actions in this
Management Plan have a role to play in monitoring progress and the state of the Park’s resources.
The overall financial needs over the coming 5 years (2015-2019) amount to 1,447,250 Euro. Money is
required for annual operating budgets, capital investment, protection enforcement, tourism
development, staff training, community development and public awareness, research, as well as other
activities.

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PART 1: DESCRIPTION OF THE ALBANIAN ALPS AREA
1.1 Area Description
The Albanian Alps are situated in the northeastern part of the country. South they stretch till the Drini
Valley, which separates them from the Puka highlands; east and north-east they border with Tropoja
catchment and the valley of the down flow of Valbona River, which separate them from the highlands of
Gjakova and Hasi; while west they descend at the plain of Mbishkodra. See Map 1. The state border
between Albania and Montenegro marks the northern border of the Albanian Alps, while the state
border between Albania and Kossovo marks the northeastern border of the Albanian Alps; however
their structures continue east beyond the state border.
Based on the interior natural variations, the Alps can be divided in two big zones: the western Alps and
the eastern Alps. The boundary dividing these two zones passes through Shala valley and Runica hollow;
this boundary marks important variations of the nature of these two major parts of the Albanian Alps,
see Map 1.
The Albanian Alps are characterized by big contrasts of the relief, valleys and surrounding alpine crests.
The future Albanian Alps National Park is located in the Shkodra and Kukes districts, including the cities
of Tropoja, Shkodra and Malësi e Madhe.
In general, though the Alps have a broken and high relief, they are not inaccessible. The dense net of
valleys, gorges and passes facilitates the crossing through them to the most remote parts.
The state of the infrastructure in the Alps areas (road connection, water and waste water/waste
management, health and education facilities, flood protection) is poor. The Government of Albania is
implementing some road reconstruction activities in the Alps, increasing the accessibility of the area,
however accessibility to the area remain limited with only two main roads are connecting Bajram Curri
to Dragobia, and Thethi to the main road from Shkoder (see Map 1). This second road remains often
blocked during the winter and it is very difficult to be used during the rest of the year.
1.1.1 Description of Protected Areas in the Albanian Alps
There are two national parks and one strict nature reserve in the Alps. The Theth National Park,
designated in 1966 covering an area of 2,630 hectares; the Valbona Valley National Park designated in
1996 covering 8,000 hectares; and the Gashi River strict nature reserve, designed in 1996, covering
3,000 hectars.
There is also a plan by the Biodiversity and Protected Areas Directorate at MoE to implement a large
Albanian Alps National Park, which would cover a massive area of 36,571.6 hectares and would include
the current areas of “Gashi River” Strict Nature Reserve, “Thethi” and “Valbona Valley” National Parks
(see Map1).

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National Park of Thethi
The area of Theth is declared National Park with a surface of 2,630 ha through the DCM No. 96, dated
21.11.1966. The “National Park of Theth” (see Map 1) lies in the center of the Albanian Alps,
between the block “Bjeshket e Nëmuna” on the west, and the block of Jezerca on the east. The park is
surrounded from all four angles with pitons (rocky) of the two blocks above, which ascend down
towards the valley and create an amazing view.
The park lies in the valley that the river of Theth created. The mountain slopes are very steep and
fracture around 16°-35° however, in some parts 45°-60° or even 90°. The form of the valley resembles
that of a deep hole surrounded by mountains. That is stimulated by the glacier activity throughout the
years. The river of Shala has formed terraces on each side which are made of gritty soil.
Some of the most astonishing parts of this national park are the following: the peak of Radohima (2570
m), Arapi (2217 m), Papluka (2569 m), and Alisë (2471 m).
The Thethi NP is 75 km away from the city of Shkodra. The area is entirely part of the Shkoder district,
commune of Shale and includes 8 villages as foolows: Thethi (Nikgjonaj), Thethi (Okoli), Thethi (Grunasi),
Thethi (Gjelaj), Thethi (Hardedaj), Thethi (Nenrrethi), Thethi (Gjecaj), and Thethi.
Road network of Thethi National Park is poor and composed by trails passable only by 4x4 wheels
vehicles. The main trails are those connecting Fusshe Theth to Peja peak; Qafethore – Shtegu i dhenve –
Radohime – Malesi e Madhe; and FusheTheth - Qafa e Valbones – Rragam – Valbona Valley, which
connects the two national parks.
Whithin the National Park of Thethi there are trails connecting villages to each other such as: Grunas –
Fushe Theth; Camp – Okol; Gjelaj – Fushe Theth. These trails as well are not in good condition and
passable only by 4x4 wheels vehicles. The existing trails are passable only during summer season due to
snow in the winther season.
National Park of Valbona Valley
In accordance with Decision of Council of Ministers no. 102, dated 15.1.1996, “For approval in principle
of the strategy for the implementation of the project of environmental assessment from forest projects”
the Valbona Valley is proclaimed as “National Park” with a surface 8,000 ha.
This valley is situated in the center of the Albanian Alps between the Jezerca block, Kollata and the
mountain range of Qypi i Gracit-Rupë in north, and the mountain range of Maja e Boshit-Maja e
Hekurave in south and southeast (see Map 1). From Shoshani Bridge until Fierza, the valley passes
through the Tropoja catchment and the hilly relief between Bujani and Tëplani. In all its length, the
valley forms a semi-arc with the concave side in southwest (Photo 1). The start of this valley coincides
with the glacial groove of Vali that is situated among the Peak of Alia and that of Popluka in southwest
of the Jezerca block. In this mountain range, the carbonatite rocks are dominant and only in the villages
of Valbona and Dragobia the schist nucleus of the Alps appear.

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The park borders stretch along the state border between Albania and Montenegro to the northwest,
while shares the borders with the adiacents Thethi national park to the west side, and Gashi river strict
natural reserve to the east side.
The Valbona Valley National Park is situated in the district of Tropoja, 25 - 30 km in northwest of the city
of Bajram Curri. The park is included in the commune of Margegaj, and includes 11 villages as follows:
Ceremi, Ceremi (Gocaj), Dragobia, Dragobia(Hajderaj), Dragobia(Kikaj Maskollata), Kocanaj(Kelcyre),
Rragami, Shoshani(Graci), Valbona, Valbona(Cuka Dunishes), and Valbona(Kukaj)
Road network of Valbona Valley has been developed lately due to the foreign and Albanian tourist’s
interest for the area. Main road connecting Valbona Valley National Park to Bajram Curri town is
approximately 27 km, from which half is asphalted. The road from Dragobia to Cerem until Doberdol
(the upper part of Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve) is passable only by 4x4 m wheels vehicle. Beside
the mentioned main roads, in the area are trails connecting villages, which usually are blocked during
winter such as: Dragobi – Valbone – Rragam i Shales and Dragobi – Cerem. Other pedestrian trails are
Dragobi – Gashi River (connecting Valbona Valley National Park to Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve);
Valbone – Qafa e Valbones – Theth (Connecting Thethi National Park to Valbona Valley National Park);
Valbone – Gryket e Hapura – Curraj i Eperm.
Strict natural reserve of Gashi River
In accordance with Decision of Council of Ministers no. 102, dated 15.1.1996, “For approval in principle
of the strategy for the implementation of the project for the implementation of environmental
assessment for forest projects” Gashi river is proclaimed as ‘Strict Natural Reserve” with a surface 3,000
ha.
The Gashi River valley (see Map 1 and Photo 2) is situated in northeast of the Albanian Alps. It starts
from the glacial groove of Dobërdoli in an altitude of 1600 m and ends at the Tropoja catchment at an
altitude of 244 m. The lithologycal diversity is reflected in the morphological variety of the valley,
especially in its widenings and narrowings, separated between them by thresholds of mainly tectonic–
lithologic origin. On the left of this groove the glacial Lake of Dashi is situated, which is the third with
regard to its size, after Sylbica Lake, and thefirst in all the Alps with regard to its altitude (2175 m). Its
total length reaches up to 275 m, whereas its width is 255 m.
The Strict Nature Reserve of Gashi River borders stretch along the state borders between Albania and
Montenegro to the northwest, and between Albania and Kossovo to the nort-east, while it share the
borders with the adiacents Thethi national park to the west side, and the Tropoje valley to the east side.
The reserve is situated in the district of Tropoja, communes of Margegaj and Tropoje , and includes 3
villages as follows: Shkelzeni(Kovocica), Bradoshnica(Herusha), and Bradoshnica.
The road network of Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve is very poor. Although there are trails passable
only by 4x4 m wheels vehicle the roads remain blocked by snow during most of the year. The trails
connect mainly Gashi River PA to Valbona Valley PA as Dragobi – Gashi River and the road from Dragobi
to Cerem until Doberdol (the upper part of Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve).

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Photo 1: Areal view of Valbona Valley National Park (Photo by E. Keci) Photo 2: Areal view of Gasi River Strict Nature Reserve (Photo by E. Keci)
Photo 3: Road network, Gash River SNR (Photo by M. Christensen) Photo 4: Road network, Valbona Valley NP (Photo by M. Christensen)

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Map 1: Administrative borders of Thethi National Park, Valbona Valley National Park, Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve, and of the planned Albanian Alps National Park

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Description of habitats
As a result of diverse relief, geographical position, geological factors, land formations, hydrological
network and climate conditions, the Albanian Alps show a large diversity of natural habitats, including:
i) forests of oak and other different high trees, ii) alpine and subalpine pastures, iii) very slope sites of
carbonate mountains and natural likes, iv) small streams which brings water to the rivers
and surrounding areas, v) gave and other similar zones, vi) land with high moisture, vii) arable land, viii)
very high (pick of mountain) lakes, ix) rivers and other streams, etc.
This very high diversity of the habitats in the zones of Albanian Alps together with the indication of
mountain Mediterranean climate conditions during the centuries “elaborate” a quite high range of
diversity of the natural plants in the area.
The most abundant habitat of the Alps is the forest3, see Map 2, composed mainly by coniferous and
broadleaved decidous forests, and beech forest. Pastures, used mainly for grazing and meadow habitats,
are the second largest habitattype as to surface area covered. Agriculture occupies land situated close to
most of the populated villages. Rocky, eroded and burned areas are also present, together with water
bodies.
Thethi National Park
The park offers well distinguished habitats with an abundant coverage. The diversity of habitats provides
a high diversity of fauna and influences the density of different groups of communities as well.
Main habitats with high coverage within the protected area are forest land, mixed forests (broad leaved
and coniferous), shrubs and forest vegetation land, which occupy approximately 1.617 ha. Agricultural
areas are located close to the inhabited villages. Agriculture land (arable land and orchards and
arboriculture land) covers 112ha of the total protected area surface. Pasture and meadow occupy
approximately 200ha.
Valbona Valley National Park
The park is covered mainly by forests combined by natural grassland, and heath land. Forests are the
most abundant habitat covering a surface of 7.141ha. These habitats are located along the valley and
offer a rich landscape and a unique combination of ecosystems. Pasture and meadow occupy
approximately 415ha of the total surface of the entire protected area.
The agriculture area linked to the local economy is limited and located close to the inhabited villages of
the valley. Agriculture land has coverage of 343ha. Rocky area covers the rest of Valbona National Park,
surrounding the forests, shrubby and herbaceous vegetation associations. Open spaces with no or little
vegetation have limited area; this habitat occupies a surface of 60ha.
Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve
The reserve is covered mostly by forests, heath land and herbaceous vegetation associations. Forests
occupy a surface of 2693 ha. The main characteristic of the strict reserve is the abundance of forests
along the Valley of Gashi River and shrubby, grassy habitats around forests. The agriculture and rocky
habitats are very few and concentrated in limited surfaces within the protected area. Agriculture land
covers approximately 50ha and is located close to Bradoshnica village, utilized for the individual needs
of inhabitants.
3 According to the 2005 Law on Forests and the Forestry Service, No. 9385, forest is defined as an area covered at least 30 per cent by dense
trees on more than one tenth of a hectare, while open forest or forest land is defined as an area covered 5-30 per cent by forest vegetation,
unregistered in another land-use cadastre.

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Table 1 below provides the current composition of the main habitat types in the area4.
Table 1: Use of territory in the protected areas and planned Albanian Alps National Park
Main feature
Thethi National
Park Surface (ha)
Valbona Valley
National Park Surface
(ha)
Gashi River Strict Nature
Reserve Surface (ha)
Planned Albanian Alps
National Park (ha)
Commune
Commune
Commune
Shale
Margegaj
Margegaj
Tropoje
Forest land,
mixed forests
(broad leaved
and coniferous),
shrubs and forest
vegetation land
1.617
7.141
1.735
958
22644,8
Pasture and
meadow
200
415
183
74
8515,8
Non productive
area
698
60
4299,5
Agriculture land
(arable land and
orchards and
arboriculture
land)
112
343
50
915,5
Water bodies
(Rivers, streams
and reservoirs)
3
42
196,1
Total (ha)
2630
8000
1968
1032
36571,6
Total (ha) - PA
2630
8000
3000
4 Source: Aerial photos (ortho photos) of the area and the verification of the land use in the field. The data from Forestry Cadastre of Shkodra
and Tropoja, and DFS in Skodra and Kuksi/Troppja Section have been are consulted.

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Map 2: Habitats present in Thethi and Valbona Valley National Parks, and Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve

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1.2 Legislation Framework
During the last 20 years the Albanian parliament has approved many laws dealing directly or
indirectly with the environment. Preparation of several laws has been assisted by international experts
and most of them are based on European legislation. Albania has also ratified many of the most
important environmental conventions in international scale.
Albania has a considerable area proclaimed as protected areas (currently about 16%). Albanian Alps
are part of the protected areas networks.
In 1999 the first Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (BSAP) was prepared. One of the goals of the
BSAP was the enlargement and enforcement of the network of protected areas. The updated
National Environment Action Plan (NEAP) of 2002 (the original one was from 1992-1993) and
National Environmental Strategy (NES) of 2006 elaborate the environmental policies of the
country. These updated documents envisage measures to be taken for the protection of environment
and normative acts to be approved.
Law no. 8906, dated 06.06.2002, "On protected areas" provides the legal basis for the management of
protected areas in Albania. The Law provides the framework for the declaration, conservation,
administration, management and sustainable use of protected areas and their natural and biological
resources with the purpose of informing and educating local communities on direct and indirect
economic benefits, and promoting eco-tourism development.
In accordance with nature protection criteria established by the International Union for Conservation of
Nature (IUCN), the Law no. 8906 identifies six categories of “protected areas” providing for different
status and levels of protection. Annex I provides an overview of the different levels of protection in
relation to the categories of “protected areas”.
Based on the Law the following categories of “protected areas” are identified:
 I Category Strict natural reserve/scientific reserve
 II Category National Park
 III Category Nature Monument
 IV Category Nature Managed Reserve/natural park
 V Category Protected Landscape
 VI Category Protected area of managed resources/protected area with multiple uses
According to art. 4/2 of the Law no. 8906 the territory of any “protected area”, shall be divided into sub-
zones, according to the importance of habitats and ecosystems present in the specific areas. The law
distinguishes internal zoning as follows: core zone, sustainable use zone, recreational zone, traditional
use zone, and other sub-zones which suit to the territory.
The zoning shall determine the level of protection of the zone according to the features of the zone,
taking into account the nature of the zone and human activities that take place.
The Law devotes special attention to the management of forests, excluding their utilization for
economic purposes, to waters and other natural resources within the protected areas. It also provides
the legal base for the designation of administrative structures and Management Committees for certain
categories of protected areas.
The Albanian Parliament approved the Law no. 9868 the 04.02.2008 “On some amendments to Law no.
8906", which determines the criteria for proclaiming protected areas designation of Special Areas of

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Conservation (SAC) of interest to the European Community. This Law also defines the concept of internal
zoning within a protected area, distinguishing among core zone, traditional use zone, sustainable use
zone, recreational zone and other kind of zones based on their characteristics and the human activities.
The designation of protected areas is done through a Decision of Council of Ministers following the
proposal of Minister responsible for environment.
The implementation of Law "On protected areas" as amended was followed by several by-laws
approved by the Council of Ministers including:
 Decision of the Council of Ministers (DCM) No. 676, dated 20.12.2002, “On the declaration as
protected areas of the Albanian monuments of nature”, which declare as protected area the
Albanian monuments of nature listed in Annex attached to it.
 DCM No. 267, dated 24.04.2003, “On proposal and designation procedures for protected area
and buffer zone”;
 DCM No.266, dated 24.4.2003 “On the administration of protected areas”;
 DCM No.86, dated 11.2.2005 “On establishment of management committees on protected
areas”;
 DCM No.519, dated 30.6.2010 “On proposal and approval procedures and rules on
administration of regional natural parks”;
 DCM No.897, dated 21.12.2011 “On approval of rules on designation of Special conservation
areas”.
1.2.1 Regulatory framework for Valbona and Thethi NPs and Gashi Strict Nature Reserve
National Park of Thethi
The Decision of Council of Ministers no.96, dated 21.11.1966 proclaims the natural ecosystem of Thethi
as “National Park” with a surface 2,630 ha. It also describes this park as an area with high aesthetic
recreational and considerable biodiversity values.
As the DCM dates earlier than the law No. 8906 dated 06.06.2002 "On protected areas", the national
park lacks proper legal regulation for the managment.
The DCM does not provide the necessary elements that compose a regulatory framework for this
National Park. More specifically:
a) There is no regulation with regard to the internal zoning pursuant to the law No. 8906 dated
06.06.2002 "On protected areas";
b) There is no description on the positioning of the National Park;
c) There are no specifications on the characteristics of the area;
d) There is no description for the permitted, allowed or prohibited activities in the Park, other than
those provided in the law No. 8906 dated 06.06.2002 "On protected areas" ;
e) The responsible institution in charge for the management of the Park is assigned the Ministry of
Agriculture as the Ministry of Environment did not even exist at that time;
National Park of Valbona Valley
The Decision of Council of Ministers no.102, dated 15.01.1996 proclaims the natural ecosystem of
Valbona Valley as “National Park” with a surface 8,000 ha. It also describes this park as an area with high
aesthetic values and considerable biodiversity values.
As the DCM dates earlier than the law No. 8906 dated 06.06.2002 "On protected areas", the national
park lacks proper legal regulation for the managment.

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The DCM does not provide the necessary elements that compose a regulatory framework for this
National Park. More specifically:
a) There is no regulation with regard to the internal zoning pursuant to the law No. 8906 dated
06.06.2002 "On protected areas";
b) There is no description on the positioning and boundaries of the National Park;
c) There are no specifications on the characteristics of the area;
d) There is no description for the permitted, allowed or prohibited activities in the Park, other than
those provided in the law No. 8906 dated 06.06.2002 "On protected areas";
e) There is no definition of the responsible institutions in charge for the management of the Park.
Strict natural reserve of Gashi River
The Decision of Council of Ministers no.102, dated 15.01.1996 proclaims the natural ecosystem of Gashi
River as “Strict Nature Reserve” with a surface 3,000 ha. It also describes this reserve as an area with
high aesthetic values and considerable biodiversity values.
As the DCM dates earlier than the law No. 8906 dated 06.06.2002 "On protected areas", the national
park lacks proper legal regulation for the managment.
The DCM does not provide the necessary elements that compose a regulatory framework for this strict
nature reserve. More specifically:
a) There is no regulation with regard to the internal zoning pursuant to the law No. 8906 dated
06.06.2002 "On protected areas";
b) There is no description on the positioning and boundaries of the strict nature reserve area;
c) There are no specifications on the characteristics of the area;
d) There is no description for the permitted, allowed or prohibited activities in the area, other than
those provided in the law No. 8906 dated 06.06.2002 "On protected areas";
e) There is no definition of the responsible institutions in charge for the management of the strict
nature reserve area.
1.2.2 Stakeholders
A great number of stakeholders, both at central and local level, have an interest, a role or a
responsibility in relation to key questions in the area: biodiversity; nature protection and conservation;
natural disasters and risk management; social-economical development; spatial planning and land
development; sustainable practices and policies for land use; and transborder co-operation.
The involvement of stakeholders is largely recognized as a mechanism that can help to protect and
manage the area effectively. Indeed a collaborative relationship between the site management
authority and the local stakeholders may significantly contribute to solving complex planning questions.
Table 2 below gives an overview of the stakeholders’ in the area, their position in the administration and
management of the nature resources and ecosystem services.

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Table 2: Stakeholder analyses for the Albanian Alps
No
STAKEHOLDERS
RESPONSIBILITIES/ INTERESTS
CENTRAL GOVERNMENT
1
Council of Ministers
- Approve relevant legislation for Protected Areas, environment, biodiversity, fauna and
flora, medicinal plants, forestry, fisheries, mining, renewable resources etc;
- Design Protected Areas and management regime control.
2
National Territory
Adjustment Council
- Check and approve the compliance of local instruments with national planning
instruments in force.
3
National Territory
Planning Agency
- Support the coordination among different planning authorities at both national and
local level
4
Ministry of Environment
- Draft and approve relevant legislation for environmental protection, environmental
permitting, EIA;
- Draft and approve relevant legislation for Protected Areas;
- Prepare and present the necessary documents to the Council of Ministers for issuing
the protection status of a certain area;
- Draft and approve relevant legislation for forestry and forestry services, management
and preserve of fishery resources, water resources, wild fauna and flora including
medicinal plants.
Management Committee
- Administrate and preserve the protected area through the supervision of management
plans implementation, the enforcement of legislation by protected areas
administrations and enterprises performing activities in the area, the maintenance of
environmental quality, the promotion of ecological (sustainable) development and the
implementation of requirements for sustainable use of natural resources;
Administration of
Protected Area/Directory
of Forestry Services
- Administrate and preserve Thethi and Valbona Valley National Parks and Strict Nature
Reserve of Gashi River ;
- Follow the implementation of management plan of the area;
- Follow the implementation of annual programs on monitoring and bio monitoring;
- Put fines in case of violations and collecting the fines;
- Manage forest and pastures in the surrounding area;
- Control the enforcement of legislation in relation to forestry, pastures, protected area,
wild flora and fauna and hunting;
National Environmental
Agency
- Issue environmental permits of Type A and B, through NLC;
- Advise the local government unit for implementation of environmental policies;
- Enforce provisions of environmental legislation on EIA, environmental permitting,
coordination of monitoring activities.
Regional Environmental
Agency
- Issue environmental permits of Type C, through NLC;
State Inspectorate of
Environment, Forests and
Water
- Ensure the enforcement of legislation on environmental protection, forests, water and
fishery.
5
Ministry of Transport and
Infrastructure
- Invest in waste management facilities, water supply and sewerage
National Inspectorate of
Urban Construction
- Control the compliance of development and construction with the approved planning
instruments for the area;
6
Ministry of Agriculture,
Rural Development and
Water Administration
- Administrate of Agricultural Program and Rural Development;
- Define the national policy of drainage and irrigation system;
- Administrate of drainage and irrigation systems.
7
Ministry of Industry and
Energy
- Draft the relevant legislation for energy and mining;
- Issue permits for energy supply and mining activities through NLC;
- Take administrative measures.
8
Ministry of Urban
Development and
Tourism
- Promote tourism development;
- Policy drafting in sustainable tourism development
- Ensure and protect sustainable use of touristic resources.
9
Ministry of Culture
- Preservation of cultural heritage;
- Policy drafting in preservation of cultural heritage;
10
Ministry of Health
- Monitor the quality of drinking water;
- Monitor the quality of curative waters.

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LOCAL GOVERNMENT
11
Local Government Unit
(Municipalities,
Communes)
- Approve planning instruments;
- Issue development and construction permits, through NLC;
- Approve planning and construction regulations at local level;
- Provide and maintain public services including water supply and sewerage, integrated
waste management, etc.
12
Prefecture (Shkoder and
Kukes)
- Control legal compliance of decisions taken by LGU
NON PROFITABLE ORGANIZATIONS AND ASSOCIATIONS
13
Non Profitable
Organizations
- Support initiatives in the interest of the local community including sustainable
development of agriculture and other local economic activities, preservation of
biodiversity and raising awareness.
LOCAL USERS
14
Local owners
- Claim land ownership;
- Benefit from tourism and infrastructure development;
- Maximise their economic profits from different activities.
15
Shepherds
- Increase the number of livestock;
- Improve grazing quality of pastures including seasonal burning;
- Enlarge grazing area.
16
Private businesses (bars,
restaurants and hotels if
any)
- Increase number of tourists and visitors in the area;
- Pay taxes for community services including waste management;
- Expand their business activity.
1.2.3 Description of Alps ecological system
Climate
The Alps area is part of the northern Mediterranean highland subzone due to its geographical position,
nature and relief. The climate features in this region is very complicated due to the distinguished variety
of particular areas of the Albanian Alps.
The Alps are the coldest area of Albania; also the most affected area by rain and precipitation during the
year. The mean temperature in January, the coldest month of the year, in the lower parts of the area are
around 0 0C or lower. In the higher altitudes, over 1300 m above sea level, the mean temperature in
January fluctuates between -4 and 6 0C. In the even higher altitudes the mean temperature in January is
-8 0C.
The summer in the Alps is generally cool. The mean temperature in July fluctuates between 15 and 18
0C, in some areas the temperature rises up to 21 0C. In general the mean temperature in the Alps is
above 0 0C during a period of more than 7-8 months per year. The winther is long in the Alp region, from
December to April.
National Park of Thethi
The climate in the park area is hard with snowfalls during winter that range from 1.5 meters in the lower
parts up to 3 meters in the higher parts of the park.
According to the Albanian climatic classification the zone is part of the northern mountainous
Mediterranean area.
In Thethi village the estimated annual average temperature is around 9.9°C. The mean temperature for
the month of January is 0°C with negligible changes while average July temperature reaches 19.0 ° C
reflecting the mountainous character of climate. Absolute value of the minimum temperature in Theth is
-19.3°C while the absolute maximum is 33.5°C. Icy days registered are 150-170 days a year.

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Table 3: Air temperature distribution at Thethi
Month
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Annual
Temp. Mean
0.0
1.8
4.1
8.8
14.3
17.0
18.9
19.0
15.9
10.8
6.8
1.8
9.9
Mean minimal
-3.4
-1.7
-0.2
4.2
9.0
11.7
13.3
13.4
10.7
6.2
2.7
-1.7
5.4
Mean maximal
3.4
5.4
8.2
13.4
19.4
22.4
24.4
24.7
21.2
15.5
10.8
5.2
14.5
Minimal absolute
-19.2
-13.7
-13.0
-5.6
0.5
4.5
4.0
7.6
0.2
-2.5
-11.5
-14.0
-19.3
Maximal absolute
12.4
14.9
21.2
25.6
30.2
30.2
33.5
32
29.5
25.5
19.0
14.2
33.5
The wettest season is the autumn, in which avearge precipitation is 1760mm. During winter season very
minor changes in the average precipitation take place (2-5% less then autumn). However during the
autumn precipitations have the form of rain, which may have great intensity, especially during the
month of October-November, while during the winter season the precipitation is mostly in the form of
snow. The spring season marks the beginning of a gradual reduction in rainfall, reaching up to 563 mm,
while the minimum is reached in summer with only 10% of the annual amount. Number of days with
rainfall observed during the year is between 110-140 days. In the very high altitudes (mountain peaks)
there is permanent snow. The maximum height of the snow layer in the watershed reaches 1.5-2.5 m
but can reach even and 4m. Height of snow depends on the shape of the reliev.
National Park of Valbona Valley
The climate in the park area is characterised by cold winters and fresh summers. Annual rainfall varies
between 2700-3000 mm per year spread over the year with 22% in spring , in summer 8.7%, in autumn
32.3% and in winter 38%. The mean air temperature varies from 7.5 °C in Rragam up to 12 °C in Tropoje.
Minimal temperatures registered are from -16.1 °C to -23.4 °C, and the maximal temperatures are 36.4
°C to 39.9 °C. A thick layer (from 1m to a maximum of 224cm ) of snowfall typically covers the surface
during winter and lasts for some months.
Strict natural reserve of Gashi River
The climate of the reserve, according to Albanian national climatic classification is part of the
Mediterranean Climate North Mountain subzone. This sub area is one of the coldest parts of the
territory. Low temperatures are due to the high altitude above sea level.
In the altitudes between 1000 and 1300 m above sea level the annual average air temperatures is 8 to
11ºC. Minimal average temperatures are observed during the month of January varying from 0 to -3ºC
and in upper part of the catchment range from -4 to -6ºC.
The maximum air temperatures are observed during the month of July and vary from 18 to 21ºC.
Absolute minimum temperatures, observed vary from -10 to -18°C, while the absolute maximum
temperatures from 35 to 37ºC.
Annual rainfall range from 1500 mm in parts of lower and up to about 2000 mm in the higher parts.
It is obvious that during the cold period the atmospheric precipitation in this area are in the form of
snow, which strongly affects on the water regime of Gashi river. The average maximum of snow height is
of 75 to 175 cm.
Geology & Geomorphology
The Albanian Alps from a geological point of view begins at the southern ridge of Shkodra lake following
Vidhgar, thorough Taraboshi mountains, and Shkodra castle and continuoing to the north to Mes-Gjuraj

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village. After this it takea an eastern direction till Curraj i Eperm village-Bajram Curri town, to the north
to Valbona-Plave-Vermosh finishing in the south near the Shkodra lake (Hani i Hotit place).
The oldest depositions at the Albanian Alps begin with schist, sandstones, conglomerates, and
limestones with fuzilinidae of Permian (age 295 million years). Over the above formations are positioned
the terrigenes, terrigeno- carbonate rocks, limestones, radiolarians siliceous and tuffs and tuffits, algae
limestones and dolomites, slate limestones with siliceous lenses, limestones with megalodonte,
stromatolite limestones of Triassic, (age 250 milion years). At Valbona valley, Markajt Lake, Shtyllen e
Grise, and Vidhgare, between the algae limestones and dolomites and Triassic limestones shown funnels
and bauxite lenses or bauxitic clays. The Alp area is divided into three tectonic zones: Gashi zone, Alps
zone and Cukaline zone. The actual mountainous relief is due to a tectonic movement in the
plioquaternary (1,8 millions years), which is the last tectonic episode of a geological history, which
started in the Mesozoic (70-40 millions years).
Due to this geological history carbonatite rocks occupy the major part of the zone today. Other kind of
rocks are also present as effusive rocks and granitic rocks.
National Park of Thethi
This area is rich in geological formations. The main rocky formations are Carbonates and Porous
formations.
The carbonates formations are represented mainly by limestones and dolomites. However the
limestone formations are the most aboundant. The limestones are present in the forms of simple
limestones and marbles. The flysch formations is sparsely distributed within the park area. Flysch
formations are combined with carbonates and other formations as shales, conglomerates, siliceous
limestones and marbles. These formations are covered by a vegetation, which may vary from 0.2-0.5 m
to 1.5 m according to the geo-morphological construction of the terrain. Often, the limestones are
mixed with clays and conglomerates. Because of the slopes gradient the outcrop of rocks is subject to
erosion. Their distribution is not uniform in the area.
Porous formations (Quaternary – Qp-h): These formations are represented mainly by the alluvial-
proluvial sediments as sands, gravel, silts and limestone intercalation. They are spread in limited zones
in form of aluvions and proluvions. The porous formations are concentrated in Thethi area due to their
morphological shape; usually such formations are washed by the waters and are almost missing. Their
thickness in the entire area, some places rises up to 15-20 m.
Based on the nature of the formation and their geological age, the geologic formations of Thethi
National Park area are listed as follows:
Carbonate formations:
J3k - Upper Jurassic – Kimmeridgian: Limestones with Hydrozoa and corals, limestones with cherts.
J1 - Lower Jurassic: Dolomitized limestones, limestones with Lithiotis, nodular limestones with
ammonites, marls with Possidonnia.
Qp-h – Pleistocene – Holocene: Mixed alluvial-proluvial sediments: sands, gravel, silts.
T1 - Lower Triassic: Limestones, argyle schist, sandstones, and conglomerates.
T2 - Middle Triassic: Shales, limestones, nodular limestones with cherts, siliceous limestones, radiolarites
with tuffs and tuffites. Basic and intermediate acid volcanic intercalations, b. Basic volcanic

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T3 - Upper Triassic: Limestones with megalodontes, stromatolitic limestones, dolomites.
T2-3 – Black limestones with siliceous
Porous formations:
Qp-h Quaternary - Pleistocene- Holocene: Mixed alluvial-proluvial sediments: sands, gravel, and silt.
National Park of Valbona Valley
The area of Valbona Valley National Park is composed geologically by rocky formations as: Carbonates,
Magmatic and Porous formations.
The carbonates formations are presented mainly by limestones and dolomites with the dominance of
limestones. The limestones are in different shapes varying from simple limestones to marbles; beside
limestones, other formations are present within the park territory, including: flysch formations, shales,
conglomerates, siliceous limestones and marbles. Usually limestones combined with clays and
conglomerates can also be seen within the area. Because of the slopes gradient the outcrop of rocks is
subject to erosion; the distribution of slopes and rock outcrops is not uniform in the area.
The magmatic formations are sparsely distributed within the park area and presented mainly by
volcano-sedimentary rocks. The thickness of vegetative soils on these formations is commonly from 0.5-
1.5 m because of the lack of the forests and the high pendency of the slopes. Their distribution is not
uniform in the area.
Porous formations (Quaternary – Qp-h): These formations are presented mainly by the alluvial-proluvial
sediments as sands, gravel, silts and limestone intercalation. They are spread in limited zones in form of
aluvions, proluvions. These are often washed by the waters. Their thickness in entire area are up to 20-
25 m.
Based on the nature of the formation and their geological age, the geologic formations of Valbona Valley
National Park area are listed as follows:
Carbonate formations:
J1 - Lower Jurassic: Dolomitized limestones, limestones with Lithiotis, nodular limestones with
ammonites, marls with Possidonnia.
T1 - Lower Triassic: Limestones, argyle schist, sandstones, and conglomerates.
T2 - Middle Triassic: Shales, limestones, nodular limestones with cherts, siliceous limestones, radiolarites
with tuffs and tuffites. Basic and intermediate acid volcanic intercalations and Basic volcanic
T3 - Upper Triassic: Limestones with megalodontes, stromatolitic limestones, dolomites.
Cr- Undivided Cretaceous: Limestones, conglomeratic limestones, platy limestones with cherts
Cr2m - Upper Cretaceous: Mastrihtian; Argyle-sandstone-limestone flyschoid alternation.
Magmatic formations:
T2l - Middle Triassic: Anisiane. Basic volcanic (olivine diabaze with titanaugite), intermediate acid-acid
volcanic (trachy liparites, andesite dacites), tuffs, cherts and limestone intercalations
Porous formations:
Qp-h Quaternary - Pleistocene- Holocene: Mixed alluvial-proluvial sediments: sands, gravel, and silt.

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Strict Natural Reserve of Gashi River
Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve lies over the flysch of Vermoshi unit and subzone of Valbona. The area
is composed by schist’s of the Silurian-Devonian, volcano - sedimentary formation of upper Paleozoic,
conglomerate - sandy formations of "Luma" of Permian - lower Triassic and the lower and medium
Triassic carbonate formation (Anisiane), which is followed by vulcanite of the rift of the upper Anisiane
and tuffs, siliceous pelagic limestones with cherts of Ladiniane and limestone with siliceous of upper
Triassic.
Formations of upper Triassic - lower Jurassic are present in the northern part of Gashi River Strict Nature
Reserve, at the border to Montenegro; they are represented by radiolarites limestone, gray white color.
Paleozoic deposits are presented by the Çeremi Slate formation of the Silurian - Devonian, volcano -
sedimentary formation of Gashi dated to Upper Paleozoic and conglomerate-sandstone of the lower
Permian - Triassic.
Devonian-Silurian - (S - D)
Silurian-Devonian deposits meet in the southeastern along the border state at Qafë Bori and Doberdol.
Lower layers are presented by clay and aleurolitic shale, the dark gray color with rare lentils biomicritic,
crinoids limestone, where are met the lower Silurian`s conodonte (Pterospathodus
amorphognathodies).
Upper Paleozoic (Pz2)
Volcano - sedimentary formations of Gashi Rivers Strict Nature Reserve meet in the eastern sector of the
Gashi area, especially between the valleys of the Tropoja and Gashi Rivers. This formation is mainly
constructed from basic vulcanite, generally very metamorphosed and turned into porfiroide. At the top
it goes hand in hand vulcanite - acids median (andesite and dacites) also very metamorphosed. In Lugu i
Vocit (Rupe) near the border between basalt and dacites, andesite are encountered poly metallic
sulphide mineralization. Volcano sedimentary formations meet clay, siliceous shale and levels of
biomicritic crinoid’s limestone, generally very re-crystallized. The apparent thickness of the formation
exceeds 400-500 m.
Lower Permian - Triassic (P - T1)
Conglomerates and the reddish sands are sparsely distributed within the area forming small
transgressive exits over the Silurian-Devonian depositions in Doberdol, Markovçe, etc. Conglomerate
and the reddish sands, which extend at Qafa e Ali Çeles, are considered as transgressive over on volcano
- sedimentary formation.
Quaternary
QP - h Quaternary Pleistocene- Holocene: Mixed alluvial-proluvial sediments: sands, gravel, silts.
Carbonate formations:
T1 - Lower Triassic: Limestones, argyle schist, sandstones, and conglomerates.
T2 - Middle Triassic: Shales, limestones, nodular limestones with cherts, siliceous limestones, radiolarites
with tuffs and tuffites. Basic and intermediate acid volcanic intercalations and Basic volcanic
T2-3 – Black limestones with siliceous
T3 - Upper Triassic: Limestones with megalodontes, stromatolitic limestones, dolomites.
Cr- Undivided Cretaceous: Limestones, conglomeratic limestones, platy limestones with cherts
Cr2m - Upper Cretaceous Mastrihtian: Argyle-sandstone-limestone flyschoid alternation.
J3t- Cr2cm Titonian-Cenomanian: Sandstone marly flyschoid deposits, turbidity limestones.
P - T1 Permian-Lower Triassic: Conglomerates, reddish-grey sandstones

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Hydrology
The hydrology of the Albanian Alps has an original character. They are distinguished by a highly
developed hydrographic network represented by the water basin of the lake of Shkodra, the Drini, Buna,
Vermoshi, Kiri, Shala and the Valbona Rivers. The rivers in the area flows into the Adriatic Sea. The rivers
contain a large number of endemic animals, primarily fish. The high mountain lakes are largely of a glacial
origin and consequently are poor in endemic species.
National Park of Thethi
The river of Theth originates from Okolli springs, in the northen part of the country. It joins the Kaprres
stream close to the village of Nderlyse,whereafter it forms the river of Shala which ultimately flows into
the artificial Komani lake. Based on geographical classification of our country the Shala River watershed
is in the centre of the Albanian region of the Alps.
The river of Theth is crystal clear and foamy in some places. It flows with a range of 1000-1300 l/sec
(average annual flow 4. 46m3/s) and has an average water temperature of 7 ºC.
The table 4 below provides the average monthly flow at River Thethi.
Table 4 : Average monthly flow at River Thethi
One of the most distinguished characteristics of this river is the abundance of mountain trout.
The Park contains many other streams named the “Sheep”, “Gurra” and the stream of “Shkafi”. There
are also many watersprings named “Okol”, “Nikgjonaj”, etc. Two of the most sensational parts of the
National Park of Theth is the “Gruna’s Waterfalls” and “Gjeçaj Waterfalls”. The height of the first
reaches 30 meters and the other reaches 24 meters. They both originates from rocky parts in the
mountains.
National Park of Valbona Valley
The Valbona River is the longest and biggest river in the area. It is still relatively untouched. Its source is
located near the border to Montenegro.
The Valbona River is one of the main branches of Drini River. Its catchment area is situated in the Central
and Easter part of Albanian Alps. The catchment area borders at west with Shala and Curraj rivers, at
south-east with Skatina creek and at south with the artificial lake of the Komani hydro-power plant,
where it flows. At north and east it borders with Montenegro and Kosovo.
The river flows generally east through the municipality Margegaj (mountain villages Valbonë, Dragobi
and Shoshan), then turns south along Bajram Curri, and continues southwest until it flows out into the
river Drin, near Fierzë. It is one of the cleanest rivers in the country.
The Valbona River springs from Lugu Valit at an altitude of 2589 m a.s.l. The total area of the catchment
is 657 km2, and the river is long 50.6 km. Its mean altitude is 1358m above the sea level.
The karst is important in this catchment area and its influence is reflected by a number of springs as
Kollata present at the right of the river flow with a water discharge varying from 500 l/s to 1000 l/s;
Vrella Bajram Mani in the south-west of Hajdaraj Dragobi village and Shoshani spring on the left side of
the water flow, are considered one of the most important springs of all the basin with a discharge 3-5
m3/s with a maximum of 10 m3/s.
Month
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Annual mean ( m3/s)
Flow
4.76
4.35
4.08
5.81
6.05
4.27
2.07
1.25
2.47
4.71
7.07
6.62
4.46

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In the Valbona River discharge two important branches: Gashi and Tropoja River.
From Rragami village up to Valbona (Selimaj) village for about 7 km, the water course has a temporary
flow this because of water losses through the gravel bed of the river. After the Valbona village there are
a number of creeks discharging into the river from its left side as Çeremit creek long about 10 km and an
area of 34 km2. Downstream the number of creeks increase from both sides. In general in the section up
to Dragobi there are a number of karstic that contribute to the flow rate of Valbona river.
Analyzing the data it is evident that Valbona River has a mix nivo-pluvial regime. The influence of the
snow is more pronounced in the northen part of the catchement area. The maximum observed flow
occures during the spring period (April May) and this is due to the melting of the snow. Another
maximum period is observed in the winter time November, December and January and this is related
with precipitation that produces high water level in the river.
The table below provides the average monthly flow in the river.
Table 5: Average monthly water flow at Valbona River
Location/Month
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Annual
Mean (m3/s)
Valbona Dragobi
8.74
7.50
8.33
14.5
19.9
14.3
7.38
4.30
4.33
6.93
10.96
10.56
9.81
Valbona B. Curri
17.6
16.0
17.7
32.9
42.1
28.0
13.1
7.7
11.5
15.5
24.6
24.1
20.9
Valbona Gri
34.1
33.1
31.8
45.9
57.3
39.7
19.4
11.3
14.1
24.2
40.6
39.1
32.6
Bushtrica Sopot
4.46
5.30
4.56
4.72
5.33
3.13
0.90
0.62
0.91
2.40
5.78
4.96
3.59
Strict natural reserve of Gashi River
The Gashi River is a branch of the Valbona River. It is situated on the east part of the Albanians Alps and
within the Valbona catchment area. The Gashi watershed lies in the northeast of the eastern Alps. It
starts from the glacial valley of Doberdol at an altitude of 1600m, and ends at Valbona River near the
Margegaj village at the quota about 244 m above sea level. In general the water line of Gashi River
watershed is characterized by mountain ridges with height over 2000 m above sea level.
The total area of its catchment area is 160 km2, a length of 27 km and the average slope of the river is
80%.
In the most upstream of Gashi River there are a number of glacial lakes as Dashi, who ranks third in size
and ranks first in elevation in all the Alps (2175 m above sea level). Its total length is about 275m, while
the maximum width reaches 255m. He is mainly supplied by snow waters and this is the reason why
water levels have a small fluctuation, from 1.3 to 1.6 m.
Analyzing the data it is evident that the Gashi River has a mix nivo-pluvial regime. The maximum
observed occure during the spring period (April May) and this is the water comming from the melting of
the snow. Another maximum period is observed in the winter time November, December and January
and this is related with the rany precipitation that produce high water level in the river.
The table below provides the average monthly flow in the river.

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Table 6: Average monthly water flow at Gashi River
Location/Month
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Annual
Mean
(m3/s)
Gashi
2.65
3.23
3.95
6.38
6.82
3.56
1.21
0.71
0.69
1.66
3.51
2.82
3.10
Vegetation coverage
The habitats in the area are influenced by the varible climate conditions in the area. Looking to the
vertical distribution of the vegetation types in the Alps area, the following three zones can be
distinguished from each other:
 The oak zone starts at altitudes about 400 m and reaches up till 800 m. The oak zone is mainly
spread in the hilly and pre-mountainous regions. The main representatives among mesophile
species are: turkey oak (Quercus cerris), and xerophile oak species like pubescent oak (Q.
pubescens), and common oak (Q. fraineto). The presence of chestnut (Castanea sativa) is
characteristic for this zone also, located especially in Tropoja and in the valley of Kiri, Rrjodhi
and Reçi. In the higher parts of this zone, in the section where oak meets beech, there are found
some endemic species like Ranunculus hayekii, and rare ones like Viola kosanini (Gorge of
Rapshe).
 The beech zone is located between 700-1900 meters of altitude. The beech forests occupies the
major part in this zone, as seen in the areas of Vermoshi, Cukali, Thethi, Fushzezë, etc. In this
zone, except for beech (Fagus sylvatica), in altitudes over 1400 m, some other tree species are
present like maple tree (Acer obtusatum), fir (Abies alba), Bosnian pine tree (Pinus leucodermis)
and Norway spruce (Picea abies).
 The alpine pastures zone is situated above the beech zone. This zone consists of herbaceous
plants with a high presence of species from family Graminaceae and some shrub species like
Salix setosa, Dryas octopetala, Daphne oleoides, Arctostaphillos uva-ursi, Juniperus communis
subsp. nana etc. In this zone the presence of endemic species are characteristic, like Ligusticum
albanicum (Bjeshkët e Namuna), Petasites doerfleri (Bjeshkët e Namuna, Jezercë), and of about
50 sub-endemic species: Asperula doerfleri, Silene macrantha, Edrianthus serpyllifolius,
Aquilegia dalmatica, Wulfenia carinthiaca (blecici).
1.2.4 Description of Alps socio-economic system
The Alps have a population of around 35,000 inhabitants (about 9,750 families) spread out in ten
mountainous sparsely populated communes (Tropojë, Margegaj, Lekbibaj, Kelmend, Shkrel, Shalë, Pult,
Temal, Shllak, Shosh).
According to official statistics there is a lack of job opportunities with a high unemployment rate. This
coupled with a poor state of infrastructure (road connection, water and waste water/waste
management, health and education facilities, flood protection) form a major obstacle to the
development of this region, leading to deteriation of social conditions, which highly influences the
depopulation of the area, which is taking place. Indeed inhabitants of this region have tendency to
migrate to seek work and a little more comfort in the region of Shkodra and Koplik or Tirana, but, during
the summer, they return, thus demonstrating their attempts to develop family tourism.

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A part of the young people has had the tendency to immigrate to other countries, but in recent years,
they have returned to invest in their country. As the year-round population declines there are few state
or local government employees such as teachers. Local income comes from agriculture, farming, semi-
illegal forestry and tourism.
Agricultural and livestock production is the primary economic activity for the residents in the Alps area.
Gastronomy, closely connected with the local products, is one of the traditional values of the area and is
favouring the development of tourism. The traditional local products are cheese, milk and other diary
products, meat products, honey, berries and medical herbs. In the villages, the tradition of crafting and
decorating small wooden objects still exists. Therefore, the shepherds decorate their crooks,
distaffs, spindles, etc. Others, more skilled in the art, construct baby cribs, traditional chairs, musical
instruments, wooden boxes, etc.
The women are also expert artisans in wool processing, and they can skillfully produce various items,
such as woolen covers, different clothing items for their family members, etc.
Land tenure
The areas covered by the protected areas extend on state-owned, communes-owned and privately-
owned lands.
The ownership and administration of forests and pastures has been transferred to communes following
the adoption of new legislation5. However, forest and pasture lands transferred to the communes are
not entirely included within the protected areas boundaries. Indeed, most of the transferred surfaces
are outside the protected areas (Map 3).
The Table below provides data about the surface of forests and pastures transferred to Communes in
the Albanian Alps area.
Table 7: Forest & pasture lands transferred to Communes within the Albanian Alps area
Region
Commune
Forest (ha)
Pasture (ha)
Law
Shkoder
Shale
4324
DCM 512 dated 23.04.2008
Shkrel
17123
2918
DCM 406 dated 8.04.2008
Kukes
Margegaj
1559
DCM 327 dated 19.03.2008
Bujan
1137.9
DCM 649 dated 21.05.2008
Tropoje
3747
DCM 473 dated 16.04.2008
The communal forests are under the property and management of the respective Communes within the
Albanian Apls area. However, management is limited, as the Communes do not have sufficient
experience to execute correctly their functions in relation to forestry management. The result of this is
degraded forests; pressure and damage to ecosystems, habitat and wildlife in the protected area.
5 The following legal framework is the baseline for the ownership and administration of forest and pastures transferred to
Communes:
 Law no. 8744, dated 22.2.2001 "On the transfer of the state's public immovable property to the local government
units", amended, (Articles 2, 3 and 17),
 Law no. 9385, dated 4.5.2005 "On Forests and forest service", amended, (Article 23) and
 DCM No. 396, dated 21.6.2006 "On the criteria for the transfer and use of forests by local government units"

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Table 8: Land ownership in Thethi National and Valbona National Parks, Gashi River Srict Reserve and Planned
area Albanian Alps National Park
Thethi National
Park
Valbona Valley
National Park
Gashi River Srict Reserve
Planned Albanian Alps
National Park
Shale
Margegaj
Margegaj
Tropoje
Commune owned
land
967
1265,7414
State and Private
owned land
2630
7033
1968
1032
35305,892
Total
2630
8000
1968
1032
Total commune
2630
9968
1060
36571,633
Total PAs
2,630
8,000
3,000
36571,633
Thethi National Park
The National Park area is located on state-owned and privately-owned lands (see Map 3).
The state and private owns about the 100% of the total surface of the park, this includes: water bodies,
industrial/economic areas and a small part of forests and pastures.
Valbona Valley National Park
The National Park area is located on state-owned, commune-owned and privately-owned lands (see
Map 3).
The state and private owns about 94% of the total surface of the park, this includes: water bodies,
industrial/economic areas, forests and pastures.
Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve
The Strict Nature Reserve area is located on state-owned, commune-owned and privately-owned
lands (see Map 3).
The state and private owns about the 99% of the total surface of the reserve, this includes: water
bodies, industrial/economic areas, forests and pastures.
44% of the reserve area is under the ownership of the Communes of Margegaj, while 56% is under
Tropoje.

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Map 3: Communal and state owned land in Thethi and Valbona National Parks and Gashi River natural reserve

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Agriculture and livestock
The main sector of the local economy in the area is agriculture. The most important traditional land- and
natural use of resources for the local inhabitants include sheep breeding and extensive grazing of
mountain meadows and pastures, hay mowing, farming and animal husbandry (sheep, cows and goats),
fresh fruit, potato and vegetables production, beekeeping, medicinal plant and berry collection.
Agriculture has mainly in the form of small, family-run alpine farming, i.e. summer grazing of livestock
up on the alpine pastures (June to September) and winter sheltering down in the valleys.
National Park of Thethi
Even though Thethi is outstretched over a large territory, its agricultural land is limited. The average land
per person is two thousand square meters. The land is fertile and well-watered. The climate is favorable
for growing maize, potatoes, peppers, tomatoes, cucumbers, aubergines, onions, garlics, pease,
cabbages, the beans of Shala with high organic values, apples, pears, plumbs, cherries, quinces,
chestnuts, strawberries and grapes of which is produced homemade wine and raki.
National Park of Valbona Valley
Honey, raki (plum or grape brandy), dried wild mushrooms and herbal teas (çaj mali, an aromatic
mountain tea), berries for jams, medical herbs and ewes’ milk cheese and yoghurt, as well as nearly all
sorts of fruits and vegetables are the region’s main products.
Strict Natural Reserve of Gashi River
Farming and livestock are the main employment options in the surroundings of Gashi River Strict Nature
Reserve, where shepherds and stockbreeders are foucused at barely sustaining their families.
Tourism
Due to the mountainous landscape the Alps offers potential for the development of a wide range of
mountain tourism activities, which can take place during the cold winter season (white tourism) and
during the warm season (green tourism). Tourist activities such as winter sports, tracking, climbing,
excursions, eco-tourism, fishing in rivers and creeks, tent tourism, mountain biking, etc.
The local population is very friendly. Many of them have already begun to receive tourists from Albania
and abroad in their own private houses.
National Park of Thethi
Thethi National Park is characterized by its natural biodiversity such as forests, alpine and sub alpine
pastures, rugged mountains, and deep valleys.
In a few places, like ThethI, tourism has been revitalized by recreational hiking. With the help of GTZ, 40
private houses (also referred to as Guest Houses, or Han in Albanian) have been transformed into tourist
accommodations or B&Bs. Additionally, hiking trails have been marked and trail maps and travel guides
published. Lakes such as Plav and Hrid also receives many tourists during the summer months. In many
villages there are small hydropower plants that supply the village with electricity.

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National Park of Valbona Valley
Valbona Valley National Park is an important touristic attraction.
Valbona Valley is the most popular destination for locals and foreigners alike when visiting the Alps. The
valley is dominated by high mountains which offers fantastic views and varying colorful, seasonal
panoramas. Valbona River flows through an attractive landscape, composed by forests, pastures,
diversity of plants and characteristic houses.
The nature of this park is full of varieties suitable for tourism, fishing, relaxation, amusing and mountain
climbing as well as winter sports. Traditional hospitability is particular within the area. Tourists can walk
among the wonderful nature, make excursions and exercise different sports as climbing, trekking, riding
horses etc.
Strict Natural Reserve of Gashi River
Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve offers natural old forests and pastures which are combined with clear
and cold waters of the area. The Gashi Valley is the path to the top of Shkelzeni Mountain. The
Doberdoli glacier is the source of the Gashi River, a tributary of the Valbona River. The valley is known
for its natural beauty meandering through narrow and attractive ravines.
At one point, the valley is so narrow it becomes a gorge. The slopes of the valley are covered with oak
and beech forests and especially coniferous forests. This is the habitat of many wild animal species such
as bear, wild goat, wolf, squirrel and eagle.
1.2.5 Current governance structure in the protected area
Law no. 8906, dated 6.6.2002, “On protected areas” as amended, distinguishes six different categories
of protected areas, corresponding to those of IUCN. Accordingly the National Parks of Thethi and
Valbona Valley are protected under the second category6 and the Strict Nature Reserve of Gashi River is
protected under first category7. Pursuant to art. 6/2 of the Law in the national parks the second level of
protection shall be implemented and pursuant to art. 5/2 of the Law the first level of protection shall be
implemented in strict nature reserve areas.
Tables 9 and 10 below provides an overview of forbidden and allowed activities within national parks
and within strict nature reserve areas.
6 Category II National Park includes areas of natural geological or geomorphologic features; culturally-influenced natural features; natural
cultural sites; or cultural sites with associated ecology. The classification then falls into two subcategories, those in which the biodiversity in
uniquely related to the conditions of the natural feature, and those in which the current levels of biodiversity are dependent on the presence of
the sacred sites that have created an essentially unmodified ecosystem (IUCN 2008).
7 Category I Strict Nature Reserve is an area which is protected from all but light human use in order to preserve the geological and
geomorphical features of the region and its biodiversity. These areas are often home to dense native ecosystems that are rest ricted from all
human disturbance outside of scientific study, environmental monitoring and education. Because these areas are so strictly protected, they
provide ideal pristine environments by which external human influence can be measured (IUCN 2008).

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Table 9: Prohibited and allowed activities within the National Parks of Thethi and Valbona Valley
CATEGORY
PROTECTED
AREA
LEVEL OF
PROTECTION
PROHIBITED ACTIVITIES
ALLOWED ACTIVITIES
II
National Park
Second
 Land use with intensive technology,
with means and manners that cause
fundamental changes in biodiversity,
structure and functions of ecosystems
or that damage irreversibly the land
surface;
 Neutralization of wastes of an origin
outside the territory of the national
park;
 Dissemination of non-country animals
and plants in case when they bring
changes in the area biodiversity;
 Intensive reproduction of hunting
animals with exception of saving
reproduction;
 Construction of roads, motor-ways,
railways, urban areas, lines of high
voltage and long distance systems of
diesel and gas;
 Washing and sprinkling of roads with
chemicals;
 Planting of monoculture forests ;
 Light of fires outside the perimeter of
assigned places;
 Circulation of transport means out of
the assigned roads;
 Hunting;
 Mining of minerals, stones, turfs, with
exception of gravel and sand for the
maintenance of the park;
 Massive sports and tourism activity
outside the assigned places;
 Organization of rallies with
automobiles and motorbikes.
 Any other activity which is prohibited
explicitly by the law
 The activities that aim to
change the natural state of
water reservations,
sources, lakes and
wetlands systems;
 The activities for the
establishment and
functioning of facilities for
military and protection
purposes;
 Scientific, research and
monitoring programs;
 Scientific, research,
archaeological,
paleontological activities
and to carry such
discoveries;
 Utilization and temporary
storage of agricultural
chemicals;
 Any other activity that is
not prohibited explicitly by
the law.

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Table 10: Prohibited and allowed activities within the Strict Nature Reserve of Gashi River
CATEGORY
PROTECTED
AREA
LEVEL OF
PROTECTION
PROHIBITED ACTIVITIES
ALLOWED ACTIVITIES
I
Strict Nature
Reserve
First
 Wood and bush cutting;
 Use of chemicals and pesticides;
 All sorts of constructions;
 Mineral and turf extraction;
 Hunting and Fishing;
 Fire lighting;
 Grazing, passage of pets and
construction of facilities for their
maintenance;
 Establishment of recreational,
entertainment and sports facilities;
 Use of vehicles with the exception of
PA administration vehicles and fire
rescue vehicles;
 Sailing with boat, canoe and other
sailing tools;
 Intensive reproduction of animals for
hunting.
 The required activities are
subject to environmental
permit.
An overall management plan covering the whole of the Albanian Alps area is not available at the
moment. Only sectorial management plans (e.g., Communal Forest Management Plans) exist. The forest
plan does not include nature conservation considerations and management. The interaction between
the different plans (regional spatial plans, master plans, protected areas management plans, etc.) is
however not clear.
At present Thethi National Park is under the management of the Directoriy of Forestry Service in
Shkodra, while Valbona Valley National Park and Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve are under the
management of Directoty of Forestry Service in Kukes/Tropoja Section.
Directory of Forestry Service in Kuksi is composed by three sections: Section of Tropoja, Section of Kukes
and Section of Has.
Tropoja section is composed by inspectorate (head of inspectorate, 2 forest inspectors, 1 environmental
inspector and 1 water inspector) and Management Sector (head of sector, 1 protected area specialist, 1
extention specialist, 3 rangers, 1 maintenance employee and 1 office guard).
The Directory of Forestry Service in Shkodra is composed by Section of Forest Administration and
Service, Section of Shkodra, Section of Malesi e Madhe and Section of Puka. Section of Forest
Administration and Service is composed by Advisory sector (head of sector and 4 specialists), Protected
area sector (head of sector and 2 specialists), Sector of Supporting Services (1 finance specialist, 1 legal
specialist, 1 protocol specialist, 1 driver, office guard and cleaning person).
The Directories of Forestry Services are responsible for law enforcement in the protected areas.
The mayors of the Communes, local NGOs, private sector representatives and residential population of
the protected areas have limited information related to the protected areas, their administration and
legal framework; co-operation among local stakeholders is also limited. The increase of the operational

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capacities of the forestry and park rangers it is also a need as it could possibly prevent or mitigate
further damages to the biological diversity of the region, caused by illegal human activities such as forest
lodging and timber harvesting, inducing induced forest fires, illegal fishing, dumping of waste, overusing
the resources of medicinal and aromatic plant species, or poaching the animal and bird species of the
common European conservation importance.
1.2.6 Description of cultural landscape and heritage
The cultural heritage in the Alps area includes landscapes, characteristic houses and monuments, as well
as dialects, traditional clothes, local customs, legends, traditions and the way of living; very
characteristic for the region as a result of the isolated way of leaving for the local population. The people
of the Alpine region were so isolated from the rest of the country that developed and enforced their
own customary code: the the Kanun8. The Kanun regulates all aspects of the mountainous life: economic
organization of the household, hospitality, brotherhood, clan, boundaries, work, marriage, land, and so
on. It passed on from one generation to another and is still perpetuated and partially observed by local
population. The legal framework is based on the concepts of family honor and breaches thereof. The
patriarchal social structure gives the head of the family extensive powers and authority that include
imposition of punishments. The Kanun reflects the austere, ethnic reality of the mountain dwellers,
aspects of which are still occasionally visible to visitors even today.
Traditional clothing consists of “xhubleta” for women, and “xhamadani” and “tirqet” for men. Women
use traditional veils; brides use red veils with light colors, whereas the other women use black veils tied
to the throat. Men use woolen traditional hat called “kësulë”.
Characteristic houses are built from stones and their wooden roofs, built from wooden stripes, are very
steep to avoid snow. The windows are very small and have protective loopholes. The houses are 2-3
floors high, with stairs located at the external part of the house that take you up to the second floor
because the first floor is usually reserved to animals. The second floor is used as the guest room and for
other members of the family.
In the villages, the tradition of crafting and decorating small wooden objects still is widely spread among
the villagers. Thus, the shepherds decorate their crooks, distaffs, spindles, etc., while others, more
skilled in the art, construct baby cribs, traditional chairs, musical instruments, wooden boxes, etc.
Cultural, historical and nature monuments
In the area of the proposed Albanian Alps National Park are appointed 26 Nature Monuments (Category
III of the Protected Areas in Albania) as follows (the numbering is linked with their location on Map 1):
National Park of Thethi
Geo-Monument
 Maja e Harapit Cave (20): situated 840 m above sea level, near the peak of Harapi, close to
Thethi, is a limestone cave formed from the Trias-jurasit over 3 km, while the width and height
to 20-30 m, with water wells, micro-forms siphons and carst.
8 The Franciscan friar Shtjefën Gjeçovi (1874-1929) codified the Kanun, the Code of Lekë Dukagjin, which until that time existed only as an oral
tradition. The 12 chapters of the code cover all key areas of life, including marriage, transfer of property, honor and criminal law.

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Hydro Monument
 Thethi Fall (4): Situated near the village of Thethi about 900 m above sea level. Waterfalls above
30 m, with stunning views, especially on sunny days, when als a rainbow can be seen.
 Okoli Sources (9): Situated near the village of Thethi, near the Thethi River, about 900 m above
sea level. The Source comes in contact with limestone-schist, with length about 20 m.
 Shtraze Sorces (11): Situated near the village of Theth, the spring comes out in the same point
where the Thethi River starts. Here water bubbles up from underground over an area of many
square meters.
 Jezerca Lake (15): 1200 m above the sea level is a glacial lake, about 20 ha, with water as crystal,
the surface freezing during winter. Forms the alpine ecosystem of the lake.
 Valbona Sources (21)
National Park of Valbona Valley
Bio-Monument
 Rragami Fir (10)
 Flagging glacial Valley of Kukaj (16)
 Slab of Pecmarra (18)
 Birch of Lugut i Zi (25)
Geo-Monument
 Fluvio – glacial depositd of Shoshan (1)
 Shoshani Canyon (3): situated near of Shoshanit Bridge, at Valbona valley, 400 m on the sea
level. Formed from calcareous, the river’s erosion and the carst, is 1.1 km long, 30-40 m deep,
and 2,5 m wide.
 Glacial Valley of Motina (8): situated among the mountain of Irons and the Open outfall (Grykët
e Hapura), at Margegaj, 1100 m on the sea level. It is a hanging glacial-carstic valley during the
tectonic process. 2.5 km long, 100-150 m wide.
 Fluvio – glacial deposits of Shemtine (12)
 Dragobia Cave - Shpella e Dragobisë (13): situated near of Dragobia village, is known also like
the Cave of Bajram Curri, a national hero. 1200 m above the sea level. It has carstic forme, 8 m
long, 3-4 wide and 2-4 high.
 Dragobia Nut (17)
 Quku i Dunishes source (19)
 Haxhia Cave - Shpella e Haxhisë (23): Situated on Maja e Thatë, near of Valbona village, at
Margegaj, 1630 m on the sea level. It is formed from the carsti along the crossing of tectonic
variations. It is discovered so far the entrance 2-3 m and the length about 120 m.
 Vranica beech (24)
Hydro-Monument
 Shoshani Source (2)
 Ice Cave - Shpella e Akullit (22): situated near of Valbona village, at Margegaj, 2230 m on the sea
level. It is formed from the glacial-carstic processes along the crossing of tectonic variations. The
explored length is about 250 m. Is 50 m wide and 10-15 m high.
Strict Natural Reserve of Gashi River
Hydro-Monument
 Glacial Lakes of Sylbica (26)

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Planned Albanian Alps National Park
Bio-Monument
 Flagging glacial Valley of Kukaj (16)
 Webbed Willow (14)
Geo-Monument
 Grunasi Canyon (5): located in the village of Thethi, is formed by the carst and the river of Thethi
in limestone rocks, is about 1.8 km long, 40-60 m wide deep about 4-6 m. It has tourist, geo-
morphological and scientific values.
 Katarakti Cave (6): located near Thethi village, known also with the names: "Where water
breaks the neck”, Grunasi waterfall, and Water’s cave. It is in limestone carst cave 170 m long,
with galleries, wells, extensions of shrinking, siphon water. It has tourist, geo-morphological and
scientific values.
 Thethi Cave (7): situated near the village of Thethi, is a carst cave in the trias-jurasi calcareous,
150 m long, with narrowing and extensions, ramifications, and attractive wells.
 Fluvio – glacial deposits of Shemtine (12)
Some other important cultural historical buildings are present in the area, including:
 Sadri Luka’s house in Okol
 The church at Theth (1892), a simple rectangular design with an apse behind the choir, was sited in
the most beautiful part of the valley and is most certainly worth a visit.
 Kulla e Ngujimit (‘Isolation Tower’), probably dating from the nineteenth century and built at a
prominent location, is a multistory residential tower.
 Mulliri i Kolajve (Kola Mill) is a small wooden construction beside a bridge, powered by a water
conduit from the River Theth.
 The Old Dragobi Mosque,built in the early 20th century, located onthe road to Valbona, has a
square form and a roof covered and constructed of wood.

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PART 2: EVALUATION OF THE ALBANIAN ALPS AREA AND
ASSESSMENT OF THE INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
2.1 Assessment of Values
2.1.1 Ecological values
Habitats in the protected areas
The Albanian Alps area comprises a variety of mountainous landscapes, including high mountain peaks
towering up to 2694 m (Jezerca Mountain), postglacial relief shapes, deep gorges, and rock formations.
The size and features of the area, such as geomorphologic, geological, soil and microclimatic features,
together with the diversified mountain relief, high elevation difference and abundance of mountain
streams and postglacial lakes, are the main factors influencing the diversity of habitats and species.
The altitude range in the Albanian Alps area varies between 1000 and 2694 m above the sea level; such
variations are reflected in the variability of climatic factors and presence of different altitudinal
vegetation zones, from the deciduous oak forests in lower locations to the mesophyllous broadleaved or
mixed forest belt up to the Alpine pastures and meadows.
Albanian Alps area is dominated by forest coverage; forests and forest lands occupy approximately 60
per cent of the total area, while the 40 per cent of the area is occupied by mountain meadows and rocky
areas. of the abundance of agricultural areas in the total territory of the Albanian Alps area, is not
significant, as the soil features and the cold mountainous climate condition with long harsh winters, do
not favour an intensive agriculture development in the area.
The alpine pastures and meadows in Albanian Alps area have a high abundance. Pastures and meadows
comprise mostly herbaceous plants; while shrubs are rarelydistributed in small patches. Based on the
ecological conditions and the bedrock structure, the area hosts different vegetation communities
dominated by Festuca paniculata Alopecurus gerardii, Festuca panciciana, Poa alpina, Astragalus
angustifolius, Koeleria splendens, Sesleria tenerrima, S. coerulans etc.
It is worthy to mention among few dwarf shrubs that occasionally create apparent plant communities,
Juniperus communis subsp. nana , Daphne oleoides, Salix retusa, Dryas octopetala, Vaccinium myrtillus.
Specific habitats of alpine pastures and meadows in the area are represented by screes, rock crevices
and ledges; such habitats are of a high magnitude due to the optimal site for the growth of many rare or
endemic species of Albania and Balkans, such as Ligusticum albanicum, Trifolium wettsteinii, Narthecium
scardicum, Lilium albanicum, Petasites doerfleri, Wulfenia baldaccii etc.
Alpine meadows and pastures habitat harbour a high number of different plant associations, making an
important habitat in the Albanian Alps area, considering biodiversity and landscape values, and the
management of wild fauna species populations.
The slopes below the alpine meadows are mostly covered by deciduous forests, such as Fagus sylvatica,
mixed forests composed by Abies alba and Pinus nigra.

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Other tree species part of the forest ecosystems in the Alps territory are Acer pseudoplatanus, Ostrya
carpinifolia, Carpinus betulus, Corylus avellana, Populus tremula, Betula pendula, Juniperus oxycedrus.
Valbona Valley area hosts the Albania’s largest tree stands of the Norway spruce (Picea abies),
considered as unique forest habitat of Albania, and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) treestands rare for
Albania. In the higher altitudes within the protected area are found endemic and relict
Balkan/Macedonian pine (Pinus peuce) and endemic Bosnian pine (Pinus heldreichii ssp. leucodermis). In
some patches, especially on the tree line are found small groups of individuals of mountain pine (Pinus
mugo).
In low altitude are commonly covered by deciduous oak forests, which comprise a large important
natural forest fond in Albanian Alps territory. Such forests are present usually in floodplains, lowlands
and hilly sites, while in the mountainous sites they are combined with beech forest (Fagus sylvatica).
Vertical and horizontal distribution of oak species depends on temperature and moisture gradient
respectively; thus oak forests are found from at intermediate climatic sites to very warm climatic sites
avoiding completely the high elevations. On the other hand, oak forests are dominant at both dry and
wet sites. Quercus petraea, Q. cerris (together with Carpinus betulus) are the main dominant species of
moderately dry sites, while the most xerophilous communities are often dominated by Q. pubescens and
Q. frainetto.
One of the habitat scattered often in the area of degradation of former oak forests, is the scrubland
dominated by Carpinus orientalis. This kind of vegetation is characterised by common plant species
typical of fragmented oak forest, among which can be mentioned: Coryllus avellana, Buxus
sempervirens, Acer platanoides, Cornus mas, Cotinus coggygria, Crataegus monogyna, Fraxinus ornus,
Juniperus oxycedrus, Ostrya carpinifolia, etc.
Based on the previous research studies in Albanian Alps area, 40 plant communities are identified. [1].
The predominating habitats in the area are illustrated on the Map 3 below. For the habitats
categorization in the protected areas within the Albanian Alps is used the Corine land cover. The Corine
data related to the habitats of Thethi and Valbona Valley National Parks, and Gashi River Strict Nature
Reserve have been verified in the field.
The habitats in the area give rise to a diverse community of flora and fauna. Diverse habitats are
harbouring various plant species, plant associations and vast fauna groups making the habitats rather
complex in the area. Vertebrates are present by all groups as fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and
mammals.
A full list of animal and plants present in the Albanian Alps area is provided in Annex VI. The Table below
presents the habitat types present in Thethi and Valbona Valley National Park, and Gashi River Strict
Nature Reserve protected areas. In the table are shown the habitat types according Natura 2000
classification, respective code and the habitat name in Albanian language within the Albanian Alps area.

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Table 11: Habitat types in Albanian Alps area according Natura 2000 classification
Code
Habitat type
Albanian name
4070
* Bushes with Pinus mugo and Rhododendron
hirsutum (Mugo- Rhododendretum hirsuti)
* Shkorretë me Pinus mugo dhe Rhododendron
hirsutum (Mugo-Rhododendretum hirsuti)
5110
Stable xerothermophilous formations with Buxus
sempervirens on rock slopes (Berberidion p.p.)
Formacione të qendrueshme kserotermofile me
bush (Buxus sempervirens) në shpate shkëmbore
(Berberidion p.p.)
6170
Alpine and subalpine calcareous grasslands
Kullota alpine dhe subalpine në vende shkëmbore
gëlqeore
8210
Calcareous rocky slopes with chasmophytic
vegetation
Shpate shkëmbore gëlqerore me vegjetacion
hazmofitik
9130
Asperulo-Fagetum beech forests
Pyje ahu të karakterizuara nga asoc. Asperulo-
Fagetum
91BA
Moesian silver fir forests
Pyje bredhi moesianë
91E0
*Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus
excelsior (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion
albae)
* Pyje aluvionalë me Alnus glutinosa dhe Fraxinus
excelsior (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion
albae)
91L0
Illyrian oak-hornbeam forests (Erythronio-
Carpinion)
Pyje ilirike dushku dhe shkoze (Erythronio-Carpinion)
91M0
Pannonian-Balkanic turkey oak –sessile oak
forests
Pyje të përzier dushqesh {kryesisht qarri (Quercus
cerris), shparthi (Q. frainetto) dhe bunge (Q.
petraea)} të Panonisë dhe Ballkanit.
9410
Acidophilous Picea forests of the montane to
alpine levels (Vaccinio-Piceetea)
Pyje acidofilë me Picea të zonave malore deri alpine
(Vaccinio-Piceetea)
95A0
High oro-Mediterranean pine forests
Pyje mesdhetarë pishash të zonave të larta malore
të dominuara nga arneni (Pinus peuce) dhe rrobulli
(Pinus heldreichii)

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Map 4: Habitat map of Albanian Alps area according Natura 2000

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Flora and vegetation of Albanian Alps
According to the previous studies and researches on the flora diversity – the flora of the Albanian Alps
area comprises over 1500 vascular plant species, including around 100 species of medicinal plants, a
high number of relicts, endemic and sub-endemic species, as well as 70 endangered, critically
endangered and rare species. The flora of Albanian Alps territory constitutes approximately 43 % of the
entire flora of Albania. Beside plants with economic values such as pasture plants, medicinal and
aromatic plants, etc., special value for the flora of this area have endemic, rare and relict species. These
plants require specific ecological factors and usually grow in environments, such as ravines, canyons,
springs and rocky peaks.
Endemic species of Albanian Alps area constitute 40 % of all endemic species of Albania and 0.7 % of the
Alps flora. The most of them (c. 90 %), such as Ligusticum albanicum, Sanguisorba albanica, Petasites
doerfleri, Lunaria telekiana etc., have their areal only within the Albanian Alps territory. Some of these
species are limited to a single station/site and are very vulnerable to extinction as Wulfenia baldaccii
(Shtegu i dhenve), Sanguisorba albanica (Seferçe), etc.
In the Alps have their limit of distribution species: southern most limit Ranunculus thora, Aquilegia
dinarica, Silene reichenbachii, Botrychium matricariifolium etc.; western limit Pulsatilla halleri, Silene
frivaldszkyana, Rumex balcanicus etc.; northern limit Minuartia baldaccii, etc.
The diverse and rich flora of Albanian alps encompasses a high number of rare, relict and Balkan
endemic species, including Wulfenia baldaccii, Dioscorea balcanica, Lunaria telekiana, Achillea
grandifolia, Minuartia baldaccii, Plantago reniformis, Scrophularia bosniaca, Teucrium arduini, Trifolium
pilczzi, Aesculus hippocastanum, Viola kosanini, Ligusticum albanicum, Pulsatilla halleri, Taxus bacata,
Acer hyrcanum, Arctostaphyllos uva-ursi, Atropa bella-dona, Colchicum autumnale, Convallaria majalis,
Fritillaria messanensis, Gentiana lutea, Polygonum albanicum, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Aconitum
lamarckii, Alkana scardica, Athamanta turbith, Campanula albanica, Centaurea candelabrum, Crepis
bertiscea, Petasites doerfleri, Plantago reniformis, Sanguisorba albanica, Saxifraga scardica, Wulfenia
carinthiaca, Astragalus fialae.
Valbona Valley National Park
National Park “Lugina e Valbones” was established in Albania on 15 January 1996 by the Decision of
Council of Ministers No. 102. The area of the national park encompasses 8’000 ha, its administration
operates within the organizational framework of the Directorate of Forestry Service of Tropojë district.
The national park is located in the highest part of the ‘Albanian Alps’ at the border with Montenegro.
The park protects the upper section of the Valbona River valley, special for its morphology, landscape
phenomena, forests, plant and animal species, and for its unique scenic values. The valley spreading in
the south from the highest peak of the whole Albanian Alps range, Mt. Maja Jezercë (2 694 m) was
formed by glaciers and tectonic detachments.
The Valbona River has its springs on the eastern slope of Qafa e Valbones, and right after the Waterfall
of Valbona the river disappears under the calcareous gravel on a seven-kilometer along riverbed section.
National Park “Lugina e Valbones” encompasses one of the most afforested valleys of the ‘Albanian
Alps’, covered by either beech or spruce forests, with several treestands made of Scots pine (Pinus
sylvestris), Black pine (Pinus nigra) and the European silver fir (Abies alba). The valley harbours the
Albania’s largest treestands of the Norway spruce (Picea abies) characteristic rather for the central

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Europe than the Balkans. The flora of the park includes numerous threatened plant species, e.g. Achillea
grandifolia, Minuartia baldaccii, Plantago reniformis, Scrophularia bosniaca, Teucrium arduini and
Trifolium pilezzi or the endemic Petasites doerfleri, Lunaria telekiana.
Agriculture in the area of Valbona Valley National Park is developed at an individual level located close
to the inhabited villages. The areas of Valbona and Çerem are known for the cultivation of potatoes,
white beans and maize. Fruits such as plum trees and typical grapes (rrushi celeg) are commonly
cultivated in the Dragobi area. Vegetables such as peppers, tomatoes, cucumbers, and cabbage are
produced in limited quantities.
The National Park has approximately 415 ha of pasture alpine land. Traditional flocks of animals are
sheep, goat and cows. Dairy products and meat are processed in simple traditional manner and traded
at the local restaurants.
National Park “Thethi”
The National Park “Thethi” was established in Albania on 21 November 1966 by the Decision of the
Council of Ministers No. 96. The area of the national park encompasses 2,630 ha. The administration of
the national park operates within the organizational framework of the Shkodra Directorate of the
Forestry Service of Albania.
Thethi National Park encompasses the upper part of the Shala River valley, including its source - the
springs of Okoli. The glacier-shaped valley of Thethi is located to southwest from the nearby Valbona
valley, and is surrounded by the peaks of Mt. Radohima, Mt. Arapi and Mt. Alise. In the Thethi village the
valley forms the famous Grunasi canyon, with massive calcareous formations.
Forests occupy almost 61 per cent (1’622 ha) of the national park area, whilst the rest consists of
meadows and rocky areas.
There is a long-term tradition in the production of various agro-products and derivates from farming in
the area. Autochthonous Potato of Thethi is well known; white bean is typical also being cultivated
mainly in the Shala area; organic vegetables as beans, tomatoes and pepper are typical for the area as
well. Fruit trees (plum, strawberries, cornel) are common in entire park area; the production of nuts
also. Gastronomy, closely connected to the local products, is one of the traditional values favouring
tourism development.
Pastures are classified as natural and seasonal (spring period) based on the use by local communities.
The pastures are known for a high quality of herbage which contributes to the good quality of local
products deriving from farming activity.
The inhabitants of Theth utilize the land only during half of the year due to the rough winters in the
area. The diet in the region includes mainly meat and dairy products such as butter and cottage
cheese. Traditional raki production from plums and cornel is also very common. The quality of the
products is affected by the use of old techniques.
Strict Nature Reserve “Lumi i Gashit” (Gashi River)
The Strict Nature Reserve “Lumi i Gashit” was established in the Tropojë district of Albania on 15 January
1996 by the Decision of Council of Ministers No. 102, with the area of 3’000 ha. “Lumi i Gashit” Strict
Nature Reserve is located in the north easternmost part of the Albanian Alps at the confluence of the
Albanian state border with the borders of Montenegro and Kosovo (UN administered territory under UN
Security Council resolution 1244/99). The nature reserve area is important for the protection of
numerous endemic and sub-endemic plant species.

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There is only one village within the area, Bradoshnica village, and the inhabitants of this village usually
only stay in their houses during summer time. Thus, agricultural activities are limited and not present
within this nature reserve. During the last 3-4 years the breeding of lambs and goats has increased in the
area. A relatively big size flock of Gashi (compared with the flocks of the Valbona area) has been
observed. The owners of the flocks come from Margegaj and Bytyc. The flock mainly graze in the buffer
zone of the Strict Nature Reserve, where the quality of pastures is good, which is reflected in produced
dairy products and meat, which are traded in the local restaurants.
Through marketing and certification of local organic products within the agricultural sector, benefits
could be achieved for the local communities. There is a need for developing activities respecting habitats
and wildlife within the protected area in line with the legislative requirements in order to maintain a
dynamic equilibrium between nature conservation and the utilization of environmental resources
ensuring a sustainable development of the entire protected area.
Medicinal plants
It is difficult to precise the total number of plants, that are used as medicinal plants in Albania. Taking
into account the existing information, in Albanian Alps area are present around 200 medicinal plants,
approximately 5, 7 % of Albanian Flora. Medicinal plants play an important role in everyday life in this
region; many people are consuming phytomedicines, herbal teas, etc. Medicinal herbs are collected and
used at individual basis for their curative values but are also collected at larger scale and exported as
raw material from the region. Medicinal plants, such as Adiantum capillus-veneris, Hypericum
perforatum, Sambucus nigra, Plantago lanceolata (Respiratory ailments); Acanthus balcanicus,
Agrimonia eupatoria, Ceterach officinarum, Cydonia oblong, Hedera helix, Hypericum perforatum,
Lamium album, Malva pussila, Orchis spp., Plantago lanceolata, Teucrium polium (Emollient and
expectorant); Aesculus hippocastanum, Althaea officinalis, Chamomilla recutita, Tìlia tomentosa (in
coughs and colds) are just a few of the well known wild plants used as medicaments since antiquity and
in use even today.
The altitudinal distribution of the wild medicinal plants is rather irregular. This reflects the variety of
ecological conditions resulting from differences in elevation, the character of the rock substrate and
topography, and anthropogenic influences. The highest proportions of species are found in the
vegetation belts of the oak woods and beech and coniferous woodlands. The remaining is found in open
woodlands and other vegetation types in the high mountains. Many of the medicinal plants are weeds
and ruderal species which grow mainly in the lowlands and in the mountains up to 1500 m above sea
level.
Lime–tree flower (Tilia argentea) has a great importance in the area as it is used in the honey production
chane. Blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) is located and collected in Gjarper of Cerem, in Markovce and
Siapice areas (Valbona NP) and in the areas of Doberdol, Koshotice, Balcine, Terkuz, Mullavc, Bolloterg
and Javorr (Gashi River SNR). The common cowslip (Primula officinalis) is concentrated in alpine pastures
of Valbina Valley NP and in the Gashi area in Shoshaj meadows, Javorr area.
Valbona Valley NP, especially the area of Rragam i Shales, is known for the presence of Winter Savory
(Satureja montana). In the area of Valbona, the Dog Rose (Rosa canina) and the leaves of Small-leaved
Lime (Tilia cordata) are collected and used for their curative values.

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Generally, medicinal herbs from the Thethi National Park area are considered as important source of
income; few companies mainly in Bajza, Koplik and Shkodra collect the medicinal herbs from the
national park area; currently they sell the dried raw material and prepare the herbs distillates for the
market.
Photo 5: Beech forest Valbona Valley NP (Photo by M. Cristensen) Photo 6: Beech forest Gashi River SNR (Photo by M. Cristensen)
Photo 7: Pinus peuce, Gashi River SNR (Photo by M. Christensen) Photo 8: Landscape, Valbona Valley NP (Photo by E. Keci )
Photo 9: Thethi NP (Photo by M. Christensen) Photo 10: Mushrooms, Thethi NP (Photo by M. Christensen)
Fauna
The varieties of habitats in the Alps harbour a rich fauna. Invertebrates and vertebrates taxons are part
of different ecosystems of the northern part of Albania. From the invertebrates the most abundant

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group are insects, populating the Alps habitats. Insects are presented by Coleoptera, Orthoptera,
Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera and Heteroptera orders. The aquatic invertebrates’ fauna is composed by
insects’ larva, aquatic snails (Gastropoda) and freshwater mussels (Bivalvia). Aquatic invertebrates are
good biological indicators of water quality. Their density in water sources is dependent on the impact
level (Complete list of animals is presented in Annex IV).
Fish
The Alps fresh waters offers two species of trout, known as mountain trout, which are, like all the
species of the genius Salmo, used also as biological indicator of water quality and the conditins in the
aquatic ecosystem. The brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) and Drini trout (Salmo farioides) are
encountered in Thethi, Kiri and Valbona Rivers. Both trout species are vulnerable species which need to
be strictly protected, especially related to the fishing period and methods.
Amphibians and Reptiles
Endemic species are important indicators for an areas biodiversity and conservation status. In the
Albanian Alps there are identified 40 amphibians and reptiles, of which, 9 are endemic species. Main
species encountered in the Alps are the black newt species (Salamadra atra), Greek frog (Rana graeca)
in small streams. Common species as part of Alps herpetofauna are also: Aesculapian Snake (Elaphe
longissima), Fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra), Alpine newt (Triturus alpestris) Common newt
(T. vulgaris), Common Toad (Bufo bufo), Green toad (B.viridis), Yellow-Bellied Toad (Bombina variagata),
Common tree frog (Hyla arborea), marsh frog (Rana ridibunda), European common frog (R. temporaria),
Slow-worm (Anguis fragilis), Sand Lizard (Lacerta agilis), Viviparous lizard (L. vivipara), Mosor rock
lizard (L. mosorensis), Common Wall Lizard (Podarcis muralis), Smooth Snake (Coronella austriaca),
Grass snake (Natrix natrix), Dice Snake (N. tessellata), Nose-horned Viper (Vipera ammodytes) or Nose-
horned Viper (Vipera berus).
Birds
The habitats of the Albanian Alps are important for ornithofauna. In the Alps are identified 161 bird
species, of which the most important species are: Bearded Vulture (Gypaetus barbatus), Griffon Vulture
(Gyps fulvus), White-tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla), Hazel Grouse (Bonasa bonasia), Capercaillie
(Tetrao urogallus), Sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus), Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca), Golden Eagle (Aquila
chrysaetos), Booted Eagle (Hieraaetus penatus), Bonelli's Eagle (Hieraaetus fasciatus), Spoonbill
(Platalea leucorodia), Grey Heron (Ardea cinerea), Egyptian Vulture (Neophron percnopterus), which is
breeding in the area, Short-toed Eagle (Circaetus gallicus), Gosshawk (Accipiter gentilis), Lesser Kestrel
(Falco Naumanni), Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus), Hobby (Falco subbuteo), Lanner Falcon (Falco biarmicus),
Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus), Grey-headed Woodpecker (Picus canus) and Grey Partridge (Perdix
Perdix).
The high number of protected and/or rare species located in the Alps is linked to the big size of the
protected area but also to the ecosystems in the area.
Mammals
Mammals are composed by a variety of groups from small mammals to large carnivores as the
threathened Lynx (Lynx lynx), the Brown bear (Ursus arctos) and the Wolf (Canis lupus). Small mammals
are dominated mainly by bats species such as Mediterranean Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus euryale),
Geoffroy's bat (Myotis enmarginatus), Common shrew (Sorex araneus), Alpine shrew (Sorex alpinus),
Eurasian water shrew, (Neomys fodiens), Mediterranean or Miller's water shrew (Neomys anomalus),
Blind Mole (Talpa coeca). Typical rodents are the red squirrel Sciurus vulgaris, bank

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vole (Clethrionomyes glareolus), European snow vole (Chinomyes nivalis), lesser mole rat (Spalax
leucodon), yellow-necked mouse (Apodemus flavicollis), house mouse (Mus musculus), wood
mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus), black rat (Ratus ratus), edible dormouse (Myoxus glis), forest dormouse
(Dromys nitedula). The wild fauna comprises species as wild boar (Sus scrofa), chamois (Rupicapra
rupicapra) and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus).9
2.1.2 Socio-economic values
The traditional use of the environmental resources in the area of the Alps provides a possibility for the
continuous improvement of the economical level in the villages within the protected areas and those
surrounding it.
Agriculture and farming activities are considered necessary to provide incomes to local communities.
Ecotourism is seen as an important factor for possible sustainable development and further increase of
the economic level. Mountain tourism is recently developed in “Thethi” and “Valbona Valley” National
Parks.
Land use
The local population use the pastures for livestock grazing as well as for harvesting important medicinal
plants. The livestock is composed mainly by cattle, sheep, and goats.
Timber is mainly used as firewood and raw material for wood constructions. Plants are considered as a
potential base of nutrients for humans and animals, and also as secondary products. The use of forest
resources is one of the most important economic resources for the local inhabitants.
Thethi National Park
The park offers forests of beech (approximately 90% of the NP forests), black pine (cultivated during
1966), oak, poplar, fir, maple, elm-tree, birchand ash tree. The land is used as arable land related to
agriculture and farming activities. Forests are used mainly for logging and heating during the winter.
Handicraft activity (wood and stone traditional works) also takes place. The forests has been protected
by local communities since the National Park were proclaimed. “Thethi” National Park has a
considerable surface, approximately 800 to 1000 ha (beside the internal pastures). High pastures are
used for grazing of ewes and low level pastures are used for grazing of goats.
Valbona Valley National Park
This area has high a biodiversity. The forests are mainly composed by beech, black and white pine, oak,
spruce, lime trees, as well as alpine meadows, and forests of chestnuts.
Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve
In the Gashi area massive logging has also occurred after the opening of a new road. The inhabitants of
Gashi area are seasonal and use only the forests for logging firewood at an individual level.
9 Bulic Z. Vizi & O. 2003.

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Agriculture and Farming
Local products derived from agriculture and farming activities are important for the economic income of
the inhabitants in the Alps. Agriculture and livestock are the main area of employment in Valbona Valley
and the Gashi area.
Thethi National Park
There is a long-term tradition in the production of various agro-products and derivates from farming in
the area. Autoctonous Potato of Thethi is well known; white bean is typical also being cultivated mainly
in the Shala area; organic vegetables as beans, tomatoes and pepper are typical for the area as well.
Fruit trees (plum, strawberries, cornel) are common in entire park area; the production of nuts also.
Gastronomy, closely connected to the local products, is one of the traditional values favouring tourism
development.
Pastures are classified as natural and seasonal (spring period) based on the use by local communities.
The pastures are known for a high quality of herbage which contributes to the good quality of local
products deriving from farming activity.
The inhabitants of Theth utilize the land only during half of the year due to the rough winters in the
area. The diet in the region includes mainly meat and dairy products such as butter and cottage cheese.
Traditional raki production from plums and cornel is also very common. The quality of the products is
affected by the use of old techniques.
Valbona Valley National Park
Agriculture in the area of Valbona Valley National Park is developed at an individual level located close
to the inhabited villages. The areas of Valbona and Cerem are known for the cultivation of potatoes,
white beans and maize. Fruits such as plum trees and typical grapes (rrushi celeg) are commonly
cultivated in the Dragobi area. Vegetables such as peppers, tomatoes, cucumbers, and cabbage are
produced in limited quantities.
The National Park has approximately 4000 ha of pasture alpine land. Tratditional flocks of animals are
sheep, goat and cows. Diary products and meat are processed in simple traditional manner and traded
at the local rastaurants
Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve
There is only one village within the area, Bradoshnica village, and the inhabitants of this village usually
only stay in their houses during summer time. Thus, agricultural activities are limited and not present
within this nature reserve During the last 3-4 years the breeding of lambs and goats has increased in the
area. Relatively big size flocks of Gashi (compared with the flocks of the Valbona area) has been
observed. The owners of the flocks come from Margegaj and Bytyc. The flock mainly graze in the buffer
zone of the Strict Nature Reserve, where the quality of pastures is good, which is reflected in produced
diary products and meat, which are traded in the local restaurants.
Through marketing and certification of local organic products within the agricultural sector, benefits
could be achieved for the local communities. There is a need for developing activities respecting habitats
and wildlife within the protected area in line with the legislative requirements in order to maintain a
dynamic equilibrium between nature conservation and the utilization of environmental resources
ensuring a sustainable development of the entire protected area.

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Medicinal plants
Forests and pastures create microhabitats, which harboreing a diversity of medicinal plants. Medicinal
herbs are collected and used at individual basis for their curative values but are also collected at larger
scale and exported as raw material from the region.
Thethi National Park
Formations of bushes where dominating is blueberry (Vaccinium myrtilus) are abundant in the NP.
Generally, medicinal herbs from the Thethi area are important and some companies in Bajza, Koplik and
Shkodra collect herbs, distille, dry them and sell them.
Valbona Valley National Park
Lime–tree flower has a great importance in the area and is used in honey making. Blueberry (See photos
below) is located and collected in Gjarper of Cerem, in Markovce and Siapice areas. The common
cowslip (Primula officinalis) is concentrated in alpine pastures of Valbona Valley NP.
Valbona NP, especially the area of Rragam i Shales, is known for the presence of Winter Savory (Satureja
montana). In the area of Valbona, the Dog Rose, Brier Rose and the leaves of Small-leaved Lime are
collected and used for their curative values.
Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve
Blueberry is located in the areas of Doberdol, Koshotice, Balcine, Terkuz, Mullavc, Bolloterg and Javorr.
The common cowslip (Primula officinalis) is concentrated in the Gashi area in Shoshaj meadows, and
Javorr area.
Photo 11: Blueberry fields in Gashi area (Photo by M. Christensen) Photo 12: Blueberry collected, Valbona area (Photo by M. Christensen)
Honey production and bee keeping
Bee hives are very common and bee keeping is important for the local economy. During summer the
hives are transported to the alpine pastures. Honey production is taking place in the areas of Gjelaj,
Nenrreth, and Gjecaj within Thethi NP; in Valbona Valley NP honey is produced in Valbona and Dragobi
villages. In Valbona lately the number of bee hives has insreased due to consumer request.

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Water use
The area has abundant fresh water resources. Water is used by local communities mainly as source for
drinking water and irrigation. Water is also used for energy production and recreation activities.
Thethi National Park
In “Thethi” National Park rivers, streams and lakes are used mainly as drinking water resources, for
irrigation and other farming purposes. Water resources are also used as hydropower for electricity
supply; they are important for tourism development and used for fishery. The diversity of the landscape
with water resources together with aand variety of water fauna attracts tourist.
A small hydropower plant is located within the park’s border, feeded by the Thethi River water is
currently not operated. During the rainy season, the water flow in the river is approximately 15 m3/s.
The water quality is not impacted by the hydropower. A second hydropower plant, located out of the
park’s border is feeded by the waters springed in the park. DFS staff in Shkodra reports that currently
concession contracts are signed for the construction of 5 hydropower plants in the Shala area.
Trouts are present in the cold waters and carstic lakes in Thethi River where fishing with hookes is
exercised as a sport.
Valbona Valley National Park
The valley are is rich in water resources with river Valbona and streams and natural lakes; all with a good
water quality. The surface waters are used as drinking water supply for the local and regional
communities and for irrigation. The supply system of drinking water is located in Zic/stables of Grey
village and provides drinking water and water for irrigation to all houses in Valbona village until the
bridge of Valbona; the rest of the houses get water for irrigation from the former hydropower in Quku i
Dunishes area, while drinking water is supplied individually through wells. Bajram Curri town and a part
of the houses in Margegaj Commune are supplied with drinking water through the drinking water supply
system Valbona – Bajram Curr.
The hydropower established in Quku i Dunishes area is not in function today. Work for construction of a
new hydropower was initiated in 2012; currently the work is suspended due to new legislation in
regards to territory planning.
Other existing hydropower plants are located in the Dragobi area (the hydropower plant has a low
capacity and requires rehabilitation) and Cerem area. The hydropower of Ceremi is rehabilitated lately,
but still not in function due to damages on the electric network.
Trout can be found in the cold waters as well as in kartstic lakes of Valbona. Fishing is practiced in the
area. In Valbona River active fishery also takes place. Local people report on the presence of 4 trout
species in this river; however no monitoring has been carried out so far. Aquaculture projects has
started up in the area of Valbona Valley NP. Lately there have been established 4 small hatcheries; the
fertilized eggs of trouts produced here are taken into Kosovo and put into the river upstream. The
trouts are popular and is traded at restaurants in the Valbona area.
In the waters of Valbona dwell an animal on the verge of extinction, the otter (lutra lutra).

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Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve
The nature reserve is also rich in water resources with river Gashi and streams; all with a good water
quality. The surface waters are used as drinking water supply for the local and regional communities and
for irrigation.
The Gashi River is also considered good potential for visitors attractions. In the downstream part of the
Gashi River active fishery also takes place. Local people report on the presence of 4 trout species in this
river; however no monitoring has been carried out so far.
Photo 13&14: Trout reservate in Valbona area (Photo by E. Keci)
Tourism
The area is an important touristic attraction today. It offers a high variety of monuments
(historical/biological/geological) which attract visitors, and holds a potential for future development in
terms of economic, scientific and educational purposes.
Tourists from different countries are visiting going hiking, excercising mountain sports and enjoying the
beauty of the landscape in the Albanian Alps.
Improvement of infrastructures in the area is crucial for the development of tourism.
Thethi National Park
Thethi National Park is characterized by its natural biodiversity such as forests, alpine and sub-alpine
pastures, rugged mountains, and deep valleys.
There are nearly 100 km of mountainous road in Thethi that will satisfy cyclists fond of natural beauties.
Thethi offers also marvelous paths and ways to tourist that may enjoy the local churches, graveyards,
power plants, and nature monuments, including: the cemetery of Treci, the valley of Shala, the rugged
mountains of the alpine region etc.
In Theth, the passionate people can parachute and use the delta plane.
During spring and fall, when the rivers of Thethi become tempestuous because of the accumulated
snow, canoeing can also be practiced in these waters.
Valbona Valley National Park
The climate, with cold winters and fresh summers, is favorable for tourists.
Valbona River flows through an attractive landscape, composed by forests, pastures, diversity of plants
and characteristic houses for the region. Valbona is one of the most beautiful places in Albania and

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segments of its valley can be a real challenge for the passionate people of extreme sports. Hiking has
recently been developed in the area of Valbona.
The area is known for its traditional hospitability .
Caves and canyons (the Canyon of Shoshani, the Cave of Haxhia, the Cave of Ice the Cave of Dragobia)
are important natural attractions considered as potential sites for a further development of ecotourism
facilities.
Access to the valley is rather good, and the road connecting B. Curri town to Valbona will be fully
asphalted in 2014.
Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve
Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve offers natural old forests and pastures combined with clear and cold
surface waters. However the Gashi area has not yet many tourist due to bad infrastructure and the
short period without snow in the area.
Photo 15: Touristic caffe bar in Thethi area (Photo by M. Christensen) Photo 16: Hiking, Valbona Valley NP (Photo by M. Christensen)
Photo 17 Touristic facilities in Valbona Valley NP (Photo by E. Keci)

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Photo 18: Xhema Lake, Valbona Valley NP (Photo by E. Keci)
2.1.3 Cultural values
The area has several cultural and historical objects, which together with a very distingtive and individual
design of houses, which has developed over long time and created in harmony with the appearance and
vegetation of the landscape in the area, create an interesting and attractive landscape.
The traditional clothes in the Alps aremainly made of wool. The wool was usually woven in primarily
white or dark colours for the production of male and female overcoats and cloaks, rough blankets,
covers and rugs. Wool was also knitted into socks, gaiters, gloves and sweaters.
In the villages, the tradition of crafting and decorating small wooden objects still is widely spread among
the villagers. Thus, the shepherds decorate their crooks, distaffs, spindles, etc., while others, more
skilled in the art, construct baby cribs, traditional chairs, musical instruments, wooden boxes, etc.
The entire area in the Alps are known for their traditional food dishes; however within the Albanian Alps
the dishes vary from village to village. The entire area has the tradition of making a cornbread, which is
cooked in a traditional way (cerep/sac) and serverd with brine.
Thethi National Park
Cultural attractions of the region of Thethi begin with the traditional clothes, churches, characteristic
houses, and the way of living.
The most original piece of women’s clothes is ”Xhubleta” - a narrow skirt at the waist and very wide at
the bottom, with a bell, futtering as the women walked. Each areas hastheir own decorative
characteristics of the Xhubleta. In the old days, a woman would be buried together with the Xhubleta
she got married in.
Some of the most characteristic features of the traditional architecture in the area are the towers
“kulla”. They were built both in towns and villages, and were high, compact stone buildings with small
windows and loopholes. The most important aspect of the towers was defenst against enimies, but they
also had both residential and commercial roles. Only a few examples of these towers remain today. The

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tower in Theth is one of them; built on natural rock at the entrance to Theth village, overlooking the
river with a road on one side and the whole valley with the village on the other side.
Valbona Valley National Park
Cultural attractions of the valley include mainly the traditional clothes, churches, characteristic houses,
and the way of living.
Traditional clothing consists of “xhubleta” for women, and “xhamadani” and “tirqet” for men. Women
use traditional veils; brides use red veils with light colors, whereas the other women use black veils tied
to the throat. Men use woolen traditional hat called “kësulë”.
Characteristic houses are built from stones and their wooden roofs, built from wooden stripes, are very
sloping to avoid snow. The windows are very small and have protective loopholes. The houses are 2-3
floors high, with stairs located at the external part of the house that take you up to the second floor
because the first floor is usually reserved to the animals. The second floor is used as the guest room and
for the other members of the family.
Watermills are also a traditional building in the area used for grinding grain and located near rivers.
Some watermills are still in use today; for example near Rragam in the Valbona River.
The population in the Valbona area all derive from 4 old ancient tribes; tribe of Shala located in Rragami
part, tribe of Vuthaj located in Ceremi area, Kelmend tribe located in Valbona area and Krashiqe tribe
located in Dragobia area. Each of these tribes have their own typical traditions; religious differences are
reflected in their life style, dresses, rituals, etc. The population of Rragami i Shales has the Catholic
religion, while the three other tribes have the Muslim religion.
Catholic women`s dresses are called Xhubleta, as mentioned before, while the Muslim women`s dreeses
are “Shtjellak” (wide woollen dresses). In general Catholic and Muslim men have used woollen pants,
woollen waistcoat and white woollen hat “Qeleshe”. Both religions have special selected places for their
weeding ceremonies.
Traditional dishes include: “Corba”, which is prepared by butter, flour and interiors of lamb, sheep, and
goat; and “Ferlig” prepared by cornflour, milkcream and meat (goat, lamb, pork).
Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve
Cultural attractions of the valley include mainly the traditional clothes, characteristic houses, and the
way of living.
The simplest forms of traditional buildings in villages are log cabins (‘konak’) with a rectangular ground
plan, covered with gable roofs and typically a single or two-storey building. Sometimes, ‘konaks’ were
built as small mobile buildings, called ‘kućeri’, on sledges, so that they could be moved from one place to
another by oxes.
Traditional dishes include: “Corba”, which is prepared by butter, flour and interiors of lamb, sheep, and
goat; and “Fli”, which is prepared by fried noodles, milk cream and cheese.

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Photo 19: Typical stone house in Valbona Valley National Park (Photo by E. Keci)
2.2 Assessment of the Institutional Framework
The environmental policies identify the following priority objectives:
 strengthening environmental management capacities at national and local level,
 developing the necessary legal framework, ensuring the integration of environmental
considerations into sector policies and programmes,
 improving the environmental situation in identified “hotspots”,
 promoting environmental awareness, and integrating the sustainable development principle
in the use of natural resources.
The Ministry of Environment (MoE) is the main responsible institution for the administration of
protected areas in Albania. The MoF is a l s o one of the main executing authorities in the relevant
area through Directorate for Forests (DF) and its Directorates of Forest Service (DFS). DFB through
DFS is the administrator of Forest and Pasture resources, also including protected areas. They issue
licenses for forest harvesting and pasture use. The district directories are responsible for
administration, protection, following of implementation of management plans and annual programs of
monitoring and bio-monitoring. Further, they issue and collect fines, publish annual data and reports,

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and shall collaborate with environmental NPOs, local government and other interested parties on
awareness campaigns related to the protected areas.
The same Directorate is also responsible for a national database on protected areas and for the
implementation of obligations coming from conventions and multilateral agreements related to
protected areas. Further, the Directorate has a coordinative role in the designation of new protected
areas and the preparation of management plans.
The Directorate for Biodiversity within the MoE is responsible for the drafting of legislation on
protection and the administration of protected areas and Ramsar sites; identification and enforcement
of rules and measures related to administration of these areas; their categorisation in accordance with
IUCN criteria, and the identification of new zones and procedures for their designation.
The same directorate is also responsible for a national database on protected areas and for the
implementation of obligations coming from conventions and multilateral agreements related to
protected areas. Further, the Sector has a coordinative role in the designation of new protected areas
and the preparation of management plans.
Ministry of Urban Development and Tourism (MUDT) is responsible for preparing Master Plans for any
physical or territorial planning and urban development. These plans are approved by the National
Council of Territorial Adjustment (NCTA). MUDT issues licenses to tourism operators in case they
want to build up tourism infrastructure and facilities in areas identified for tourism development.
Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure (MTI) is responsible for investments in waste managment
facilities, water supply and sewrage.
Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Development and Water Administration (MARDWA) is another
important executing authority in the area. Through the Water Irrigation Board it is responsible
for administration of water resources used for irrigation and issues licenses to water user associations to
use those resources for irrigation purposes. Through the directories of Veterinary Service and Food
Safety this ministry control and manage many activities related to agriculture, farming and
protection of consumers.
Ministry of Culture (MC) develop and implement sectorial strategy for cultural heritage and ensures the
protection and preservation of cultural heritage objects.
The Council of Ministers is the highest body entrusted with approval of urban planning studies,
master plans and regional plans, needed to account for environmental planning, procedures for the
proclamation of protected and buffer zones.
Other government institutions and inter-ministerial committees involved in development and
management of the protected area are Council of Territory Adjustment, Albanian Geological Survey.
Local government authorities consist in the Qark of Shkoder and Kukes, Municipality of Shkodra
and Municipality of Bajram Curri (Tropoja), as well as several c ommunes. Based on the Law on
Organization and Functioning of Local Government (2000) extensive rights are reserved to the local
level. These institutions are responsible for the design of local environmental action plans in
accordance with national environmental strategies. They also have the right to undertake any
initiative for economic development in the interest of its residents, provided that these activities do
not contradict the fundamental government policies.

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The educational and scientific bodies involved in the protection and preservation of the protected
area’s environment are the Agriculture University of Tirana and University of Tirana.
Community organizations and NGOs also play an active role in area of conservation and management.
Another central institution involved in the management of protected areas is the National Park
Management Committee (MC). Its role and responsibilities are stipulated in the DCM No. 86, dated
11.2.2005 “On the Establishment of Protected Areas Management Committees”. In the Decision of
Council of Ministers is foreseen the establishment of MC for the three categories of protected areas,
respectively National Parks, Nature Managed Reserves and Landscape Protected Areas.
The MC is composed by representatives of central and local government, non-governmental
organization, representative of land owners within protected areas, etc. – see figure below.
Figure 1: Composition of Management Committees
According to DCM no.86, dated 11.02.2005 "On the establishment of management committees for
protected area" the MC is:
 responsible for the administration and protection of the respective protected areas;
 supervises the implementation of management plans, the enforcement of legislation by
protected areas administrations and enterprises performing activities in the area;
 supervises the maintenance of environmental quality, the promotion of ecological (sustainable)
development and the implementation of requirements for sustainable use of natural resources;
and

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 give an opinion on the requests for the use of natural sources of the zone, as well as on the
environmental permits of the activities that will operate in the zone.
The DFS has the role of technical secretariat for the MC. The MC`s shall meet not less than twice a year
in sessions open to the public.
There is no legal instrument in place that can appoint the members (Figure 1) of the MC for National
Parks of Thethi and Valbona Valley .
2.3 Assessment of Threats
The identification and assessment of threats on biodiversity and conservation in the protected area of
the Albanian Alps has been carried out in close co-operation with local stakeholders. The evaluation of
the present situation has been an outcome of field investigations and workshops organised with local
administration representatives, local governmental units, environmental NGOs, local private businesses,
etc. This section presents an overview of the existing and potential problems in the Alps area, which
have an influence on biodiversity, ecosystems and local socio-economic development.
Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT)
An overview of the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) in the protected area is
presented here below. The SWOT analysis is valuable in emphasizing the potentials in the area;
identifying issues to be improved or avoided in future management; defining ecological and socio-
economic threats and future developmental possibilities, and to get a picture of the main priorities in
the area.
The table below shows the values and natural assets, the weaknesses and the opportunities available in
the areas of Thethi and Valbona Valley National Parks and the Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve.
Table 12: SWOT analysis for Albanian Alps area
Strengths
Weaknesses
Attractive landscape and variety of habitats; natural and mixed forests, shrubs, grassland,
agriculture land, and particular plant associations, pastures, etc.
Incorrect logging practices in the forests
Lack of fire monitoring and management system
Limited information on nature and protected
areas features
Limited law enforcement
Use of woods by seasonal inhabitants in Gashi
area
Rich fauna represented by main groups of vertebrates.
Rare, endemic species
Limited law enforcement on hunting ban
Typical local agriculture organic products (e.g. potato of Shala; “rrushi celeg”)
Rakia production from plums and cornel
Typical gastronomy of the area
Lack of marketing, promotion and certification of
typical local organic products
Limited producing technologies
Pastures capacities
Farming local products
Limited specialised processing technologies
Lack of diaries
Limited promotion of local farming products
Unformal and unsafe marketing
Traditional handmade dresses, typical cultural, historical and traditional values
Limited promotion and information of traditional
artisanal handmade products.
Richness in water sources; Rivers, streams, lakes (e.g. karstic lakes of Thethi);
Hydro powers construction
Lack of wastewater treatment system
Lack of sewage treatment system
Lack of specific studies or monitoring related the
fish stock

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Microhabitats for harbouring diversity of important medicinal plants
Massive collection
Incorrect collection practices
Limited marketing
Attractive landscapes and recreational areas
Variety of monuments offering historical, cultural and natural values
Not organised tourism (on individual level)
Limited touristic guides, signs, tables
Limited promotion of recreation values of the area
Lack of digitalised trails within the area and trails
maintenance during the entire year
Limited law enforcement and lack of information
related to Albanian Alps monuments conservation
and protection
Opportunities
Threats
Appropriate landscape for recreational activities
Potential ecosystems for studies and environmental education trainings
Habitat fragmentation and loss
Environmental pollution
Erosion
Diverse attractive fauna for tourists
Fauna loss
Wildlife disturbance
Rare and endemic species threatened
Commerce of certified typical organic products in local, regional and national level
Attraction of visitors; Traditional gastronomy promotion
Increase of local economic incomes
Reduction of forests and natural habitats
Impact on quality of agro - products
Reduction of economic incomes
Establishment of seasonal dairies; improvement of dairy products quality.
Commerce of certified farming products Increase of economic local incomes
Reduction natural ecosystems
Habitat fragmentation
Medicinal plants deterioration
Wildlife disturbance
Visitors attraction; typical souvenir commerce
Reduction of local economic incomes
Traditional and cultural values loss
Irrigation of agriculture surfaces – increase of agro production quantity
Sustainable fishing and aquaculture development
Disturbance of aquatic ecosystems
Water quality impact
Negative impact on biodiversity
Drying of wetlands – habitat and biodiversity loss
Commerce of medicinal herb raw material
Commerce of simple medicinal distillates
Cultivation of specific important medicinal plants
Involvement in national pharmaceutical industries
Rare and threatened herbs loss
Reduce of medicinal plants communities
Reduce of local incomes
Improvement of touristic infrastructures and services
Definition and establishment of trails within the protected areas
Development and support of alternative tourism
Touristic centres in particular areas with specific values within the parks. Sustainable
development of weekly and seasonal eco tourism.
Wildlife disturbance
Environmental pollution
Habitat fragmentation
Loss of status for unmaintained nature
monuments
Reduction of visitors number and local incomes
Climate change
It a consolidated opinion that the climate in the Alps has changed significantly during the past century,
with temperatures constantly increasing. This makes Alps especially vulnerable to changes in the
hydrological cycle and decreases in snow cover, which is already occurring.
Global climate change threatens to continue altering the alpine hydrological system drastically.
Projected changes in precipitation, snow-cover patterns will further alter run-off regimes, leading to
more droughts in summer, floods and landslides in winter and higher inter-annual variability.
At a local level this threat should be managed also and integrated into the planning of management
actions within the protected area related to e.g. floods, droughts, forest fires, heat waves, etc. The
management of how to compensate for extreme climate conditions in the future should be an integral
part of the planning and conservation of the area.
Projected water shortages and more frequent extreme events, combined with increasing water

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demand (for irrigating agriculture or tourist influxes, for example), are likely to have severe adverse
effects on ecosystem services, such as the provision of drinking water.
Furthermore manymountain plant species may face extinction if unable to adapt by moving northward
or uphill. Indeed flora and fauna may have to adapt to changed conditions so that the ecosystem
structure may change. New invasive species can appear and take over, causing other natural species to
disappear.
Hydropower sector development
The Albanian Alps, including Thethi and Valbona Valley National Parks, and Gashi River Strict Nature
Reserve offers several potential optimal locations for development of medium-sized hydropower plants.
Concession contracts to construct new small and medium-sized hydropower plants have already been
signed (e.g. Shala River) and some projects have already started, including the construction of a
hydropower plant in the Valbona Valley NP.
Hydropower plants have traditionally been considered environmentally friendly and they represent a
renewable clean energy source with no emissions or waste materials .
However, hydropower does have an environmental impact. The construction of dams and the creation
of artificial water reservoirs behind them affects a river’s ecosystem and habitats. This indeed is the
concern of local stakeholders, as it is a wide spread opinion that this intervention poses a negative
impact on the whole hydrological regime both up and downstream the dam and on the aquatic
organisms, with potential detrimental effects.
In general, the consideration of environmental impacts caused by hydropower plants should begin with
a review of possible changes to a river’s ecosystem, it should be initiated at the planning phase by
carrying out an Environmental Impact Assessment.
The impacts on ecosystems caused by a hydropower plant depends, among others, on the following
variables:
1) water volume and water flow rate of the river,
2) the existing climatic and habitat conditions,
3) the type, size, design and operation of the hydropower plant.
A dam, as an artificial wall, induces the formation of a water reservoir, which slows the water flow and
increases the surface water temperature, produces a stratification effect (cold water at the bottom,
warm on the surface in the dam) and causes sedimentation; all affecting the river’s ecosystem and
habitats downstream.
Several hydropower project are proposed and this can led to habitat destruction especially in river beds.
Most crucial threat from the project will, however, be the establishment of road into inaccessible areas
in Lumi I Gashi. Road will introduce a very high risk for the unique remnants of virgin forest.
A new construction of a hydropower plant and its impacts should be carefully examined as they can vary
from project to project. Such examination should identify if nature is potentially affected and if so,
mitigation measures should be taken and agreed upon before a license is given to the operator.

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2.3.1 Ecological Threats
The habitats in the Albanian Alps are generally well preserved as they stand today. This is mainly due to
geographical and climatic aspects (high mountains, snow), a low number of inhabitants inside the Alps
area, a low level of local agricultural production, and a lack of investments into infrastructure in the
area.
Habitat loss
The main potential threats foreseen are the fragmentation associated to loss of habitats, the
modification and/or the destruction of natural habitats due to the construction of infrastructure, illegal
logging and also a change in agriculture production with an enlargement of agricultural land within the
area.
Selective cutting of Picea and Abies may change the forest environment dramatically. In core zone of
virgin forest the cutting should be forbidden and in the sustainable zones special regulation must be
developed to ensure preservation of important forest environment. The above mentioned threats affect
directly the biodiversity, relations among species and the natural food chain within the ecosystem.
Soil Erosion
The phenomenon of erosion is linked to modification or destruction of habitats, especially in the most
mountainous part of the Alps, and it also possesses a threat to biodiversity. The qualities of the aquatics
ecosystems can be strongly modified, when eroded materials are washed out, and habitats in general
can be physically impacted by the erosion coming from upper zones.
Illegal wood cutting and degradation of forest in areas with high slopes gives rise to further erosion,
besides the erosion that happens naturally, influencing the habitats. It takes many years for a forest to
regenerate itself in such a difficult environment again, if it ever happens. Artificial caused erosion gives
rise to the destruction and fragmentation of habitats, decline in species, modification of native plant and
animal communities and finally, permenant alteration of the ecosystem.
Hunting
Another issue concerning biodiversity is the conservation of protected animal species.The main problem
is illegal hunting, which mostly is targeted high level protected animal species, such as Brown bear, Lynx
and the Wolf.
Uncontrolled roads in alpine zone
In part of the alpine region there are rather intensive activities in form of 4x4 driving. The activity is
mainly connected to blue berry picking and shepherd. Bad maintenance of the main road often led to
creation of alternative treks. It is recommended to ensure a certain quality of the main roads and forbid
all driving beside the roads.
Overgrazing in alpine areas
According to information from local people the number of animal in the region is declined and general
impression in the area is a good balance between the number of cattle’s, sheep’s and goats and the
grazing capacity of the vegetation. However, a monitoring of the grazing and an evaluation of the impact
could be relevant to ensure a sustainable practice.

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2.3.2 Socio-Economic Threats
Thethi National Park
Forestry
Thethi National Park offers good conditions for forests (forests of beech, black pine, maple, and ash tree,
including some centennial beeches with a diameter of 1 – 1.5 m are found here) and pastures in general
as a result of careful nature protection and conservation carried out by the local residents. Fires and
erosion are the main threats in the area due to lack of public awareness and implementation of
regulations, including the limited manpower-resources available for inspection and management.
The inhabitants of Thethi cultivate their land and fields for only half of the year, in order to sustain
themselves and their families. The diet of this region includes mainly meat and diary products such as
cheese, butter, and cottage cheese. These products have a high quality because of the clean
environment and the fertile soil.
Agriculture and farming
Agriculture and farming is the most important economic activity for the local people within the
protected area.
Promotion, marketing and certification of local bio-products if not carried out can limit the locals benefit
in the future.
Livestock graze manly in abandoned pasture areas. Grazing is however not controlled and managed.
Overgrazing in Thethi National Park, uncontrolled circulation within the pastures can imply the
extinction of some endemic species. The surface and the capacity for grazing areas have not been
defined and poses a threat to biodiversity.
Honey production and bee keeping
Honey is produced in small quantities in Thethi and distributed at local level. The lack of certification,
quality control, standard packaging, marketing etc. is a barrier for further distribution to larger scale
markets (national and international).
Tourism
The clean climate and the numerous natural beauties make this region attractive to the tourists. Thethi
welcomes visitors all the year round, including mountain climbers, botanists, fishing amateurs,
speleologists, as well as those passionate of mountain cycling.
However, only few facilities for tourism development are currently available at “Thethi” National Park.
An increase of offer in accommodation facilities will have a positive impact to local economic income,
but could also have a negative impact on nature as an encreasing number of visitors may cause
disturbances in nature and create local waste pollution.
Industrial activities
A small hydroelectric power plant has been built on Thethi River, but is currently not operated.
Valbona Valley National Park
Forestry

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This valley has high biodiversity values. In the forests of this park, one may find beech, black and white
pine, oak, spruce, lime trees, as well as alpine meadows, and forests of chestnuts. The fruits that
primarily grow in this region are plums and nuts.
However, limited manpower-resources are available for inspection and management, which poses a
threat to the conservation of the biodiversity in the areas.
Fires are considered intentionally caused by humans in most cases. Lack of fire monitoring and
management is , threatening the biodiversity and influencing the local residents.
Illegal cutting and hunting activities seem not to be significant in both the protected areas. Indicators
related to these activities are not defined and periodical monitoring is not being carried out.
Agriculture and farming
Agriculture and livestock are the main employment options of this Valley.
The diet of this area includes mainly meat and diary products such as cheese, butter, and cottage
cheese.
Promotion, marketing and certification of local bio-products if not carried out can limit the locals benefit
in the future.
Livestock graze manly in abandoned pasture areas. Grazing is however not controlled and managed.
Product quality improvement in livestock breeding and dairy production, better processing technology
and certification of local products can increase the quality of farming products, which is necessary in
order to stay on the marked and compete in the future.
Medicinal plants
The collection of medicinal and aromatic plants is a valuble source of income for the local people. There
is a need to dissimate information on sustainable management; the periods and practice for collection
and amounts. Overgrazing can also pose a threat deteriorating the conditions for medicinal plants. For
some medicinal plants immediate protection actions are required (e.g. the collection of leaves from
blueberry; great yellow gentian due to the collection of roots).
Enforcement of law and spreading of information concerning correct collection methods and the respect
of collection periods is needed to maintain a dynamic equilibrium between the use of environmental
resources and nature protection and conservation.
Honey production and bee keeping
Honey is produced in small quantities in Valbona Valley National Parks and distributed at local level. The
lack of certification, quality control, standard packaging, marketing etc. is a barrier for further
distribution to larger scale markets (national and international).
Fishery
Fishery and small aquaculture activities take place within the territory of Valbona Valley NP, currently,
however, only at individual basis. Information on fishing practices and law enforcement is limited.
Monitoring of aquatic fauna and studies on fish stocks have not been carried out in recent years.
Decrease in trout and fish populations influences the natural food chains in aquatic ecosystems and
hence the potential economic future benefits.
Tourism
The village of Valbona is an important touristic attraction. The valley through which the Valbona River
passes is distinguished for its attractive landscape, composed of forests, pastures, diversity of plants,
and characteristic houses, thus creating the proper conditions for tourism development.

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The local population is very hospitable. Many of them have already begun to receive tourists from
Albania and abroad in their houses.
The number of tourists has increased in recent years (especially in Valbona Valley NP), and major
infrastructure investments are on the way to being implemented,including: hydro-power plants and new
roads. This development can potentially pose a threat, directly or indirectly, to the ecosystems in the
area unless carefully planned and managed.
Industrial activities
In Margegaj Commune located in “Shoshajve City”, (see Map 5), quarrying is taking place. The activities
appears to be without an environmental permit and this has been fined by the local Dragobi sector staff;
currently the issue is delegated to the court.
Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve
Forestry
Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve is famous for its high values and variety of flora and fauna. However,
limited manpower-resources are available for inspection and management, which poses a threat to the
conservation of the biodiversity in the areas.
Fires are considered intentionally caused by humans in most cases. Lack of fire monitoring and
management is , threatening the biodiversity and influencing the local residents.
Illegal cutting and hunting activities seem not to be significant in both the protected areas. Indicators
related to these activities are not defined and periodical monitoring is not being carried out.
Agriculture and farming
Agriculture and farming is the most important economic activity for the local people within the
protected area.
Promotion, marketing and certification of local bio-products if not carried out can limit the locals benefit
in the future.
Livestock graze manly in abandoned pasture areas. Grazing is however not controlled and managed.
Medicinal plants
The area is home to various medicinal herbs such as: blueberry, juniper, cornel bush, etc. The herbs are
often used by the inhabitants; they use the blueberries to produce syrup and jam, while the cornel and
juniper are used to produce “raki”. The chestnut honey is also famous for its nutritional and medicinal
values.
The collection of medicinal and aromatic plants is a valuble source of income for the local people. There
is a need to disseminate information on sustainable management; the periods and practice for
collection and amounts. Enforcement of law and spreading of information concerning correct collection
methods and the respect of collection periods is needed to maintain a dynamic equilibrium between the
use of environmental resources and nature protection and conservation.

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Map 5: Activity Map - Albanian Alps

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PART 3: MANAGEMENT OF THE ALBANIAN ALPS AREA
3.1 Vision and objectives
The vision for the protected areas of the Albanian Alps is of a place where farmers and shepherds,
people who live and work in or like to visit the protected areas will contribute to care for and appreciate
the spectacular landscape, the natural environment its wildlife and cultural heritage.
We share the vision of “an Albanian Alps National Park as an inspirational example of sustainable
development in which thriving communities and visitors have an opportunity to understand, enjoy and
contribute to preserve the richness of cultural heritage and biodiversity”.
Based on this shared vision for an Albanian Alps National Park, specific long term objectives have been
identified for the management respectively of the Thethi and Valbona National Parks and the Gashi
River Strict Nature Reserve. These objectives focus on conservation, recreation, science and education,
and on the improvement of the management systems at the protected areas. They are designed to
provide for the protection and conservation of the unique biodiversity, and to maintain the key
ecological processes of the protected area, while allowing appropriate recreational activities.
The long term objectives of science and education promote increased understanding of the protected
area and also aim at engendering community management.
The long term objective of strengthening the management system contributes to the long term
ecological viability of the protected areas resources.
3.1.1 Long-term management objectives
The long term objectives form the basis for the management of the Thethi and Valbona National Parks
and Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve as they are the targets that have been evaluated necessary for the
Alps area in order to reach the vision in the future.
Strengthen the protected area management system
Ensure that the protected area is managed in a correct way, involving local stakeholders in a
participatory process to contribute to a sustainable management of the area’s resources maintaining a
compatible equilibrium between nature conservation and the development of human activities.
Increase habitats and biodiversity protection and conservation
Maintain the diverse habitats of the protected area, maintain the rich variety of fauna and flora and
good interactions between ecosystems, ensure good water quality in the rivers and streams and
preserve the unique natural and biological processes and life support systems.
Develop the recreational and touristic uses
Provide for and manage the use of recreational and cultural values in the area, ensuring the coexistence
of nature protection and the development of various types of touristic activities. Provide for accessible

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and diverse recreation opportunities for visitors and residents, encouraging healthy living, enjoyment of
the landscape and a sense of adventure.
Develop sustainable agriculture and socio-economic activities
Ensure profitable farming, through food production, land management and family farm based business,
by supporting traditional and modern economic development that is innovative, well managed and
appropriate to the conservation of natural resources within the Alps area.
Promote scientific research and education
Promote education, nature appreciation and scientific research on the biological, geophysical and
cultural values in the protected area.
3.1.2 Short-term management objectives
Based on the vision and the long-term objectives for Alps area, and taking into account the factors
influencing the achievement of those objectives, the management efforts during the next coming 5
years (2015-2020) shall be focused on a set of keys short-term objectives tuned to the specific level of
protection given by law to the area.
Short term objectives for Thethi and Valbona Valley National Parks
Thethi and Valbona Valley NPs have second level of protection as per IUCN Category, accordingly short
terms objectives may be are grouped in five areas as follows:
Strengthen the protected area management system
4. Enforce the provisions of law for visitors and users in the Alps area.
5. Increase the effectiveness of protected area management system by strengthening the DFS
towards an effective law enforcement and prosecution service for violation of environmental
requirements.
6. Strengthen the co-operation among communes, forestry, and other local stakeholders.
By meeting the objectives above, we expect the following specific delivery outcomes:
 The national parks are supervised and managed in a professional and effective way by the DFS.
A high level of management performance is carried out by trained staff available at the local
administration.
 All local stakeholders will be involved in a participatory process to contribute to the
management of the protected area and to contribute to the maintenance of an equilibrium
between nature conservation and the development of human activities.
Increase habitats and biodiversity protection and conservation
4. Ensure that the diversity of species and the ecosystems in the protected area are not adversely
affected by human activities.
5. Promote the maintenance of high water quality; prevent degradation and deterioration of
habitats.
6. Foster broad community stewardship, and commitment to the conservation of species and
sustainable use of natural ressources .

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By meeting the objectives above, we expect the following specific delivery outcomes:
 It is fully acknowledged, among all relevant stakeholders, that the conservation and
enhancement of the natural beauty, wildlife and cultural heritage of the areas are the primary
purposes , and the guiding principles for all the management decisions concerning the parks.
 The richness of the natural environment is conserved, restored and enhanced so wildlife can
thrive, and ecological systems can continue to improve.
 A dynamic equilibrium and sustainable coexistence between local people activities and nature is
achieved.
Develop the recreational and touristic uses
3. Provide for the operation of low impact tourism activities.
4. Ensure that tourism is carried out in an ecologically sustainable manner, and does not negatively
impact the ecological and cultural heritage values in the protected area.
By meeting the objectives above, we expect the following specific delivery outcomes:
 The coexistence of a high quality protection of natural resources and heritage assets, and the
development of various tourism supporting infrastructure and services which meet the needs of
visitors and generate economic activity, is ensured. Trails, good information and guidance for
hiking into nature and into the mountains exist in the area to support the promotion of
ecotourism. The national park also provides information which enable people to learn more
about the landscape, wildlife, traditional customs, communities and heritage of the parks.
Develop sustainable agriculture and socio-economic activities
5. Promote sustainable agriculture and farming.
6. Promote ecologically and economically sound management of all grazing areas.
7. Promote beekeeping, medical plants cultivation and sustainable livelihood.
8. Support sustainable fishery.
By meeting the objectives above, we expect the following specific delivery outcomes:
 A sustainable and harmonised development of socio-economic activities is achieved within the
NPs. The cultivation of curative, threatened and rare medicinal plants is promoted in well-
defined spaces within the protected area.
Promote scientific research and education
4. Encourage research to take place within the protected area.
5. Ensure that information from research is made available to managers of the National Park.
6. Improve public awareness, understanding and appreciation of the protected area and the
potential impacts of human activities.
By meeting the objectives above, we expect the following specific delivery outcomes:
 Different studies and assessment of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems are carried out involving
local, national and international projects levels. Educational and professional practices related
to agriculture, tourism and protected area management are implemented, including excursions
for local schools within the protected area.

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Short term objectives for Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve
The Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve is first level of protection as per IUCN Category, and accordinlgly
short terms objectives may be grouped in two areas as follows:
Strengthen the protected area management system
4. Enforce the provisions of law for visitors and users in the Alps area.
5. Increase the effectiveness of protected area management system by strengthening the DFS
towards an effective law enforcement and prosecution service for violation of
environmental requirements.
6. Strengthen the co-operation among communes, forestry, and other local stakeholders.
By meeting the objectives above, we expect the following specific delivery outcomes:
 The strict nature reserve is supervised and managed in a professional and effective way by the
DFS. A high level of management performance is carried out by trained staff available at the
local administration.
 All local stakeholders will be involved in a participatory process to contribute to the
management of the protected area and to contribute to the maintenance of an equilibrium
between nature conservation and the development of human activities.
Promote scientific research and education
4. Encourage research to take place within the protected area.
5. Ensure that information from research is made available to managers of the Strict Nature
Reserve.
6. Improve public awareness, understanding and appreciation of the environment and habitats
in the protected area and the potential impacts of human activities on the environment.
By meeting the objectives above, we expect the following specific delivery outcomes:
 Different studies and assessment of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems are carried out involving
local, national and international projects levels. Educational and professional practices related
to agriculture, tourism and protected area management are implemented, including excursions
for local schools within the protected area.
3.1.2 Management Plan Principles
Guiding principles or management plan principles are the principles in which management of the
protected areas will occur. Theyand provide for a sound basis of protected area management. The
following principles have been recognised as fundamental to the management of protected areas across
Albania.
Local community participation and collaboration
Protected areas are conserved for the benefit of and with the support of the local communities, and this
is best achieved through awareness, understanding and involvement. Participation ensures that those
who are likely to be directly or indirectly affected by the management planning are enabled to
contribute with their knowledge, experience and ideas. Stakeholders’ engagement is therefore a wide-
ranging term that can cover different activities from simple information provision through active
involvement in decision making to assumption of management control. Involvement in managing

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planning and decision making processes is an important tool, that helps managers and decision makers
to make better choices, based on individual choices of informed, experienced local people.
Protection primacy
Protection of wildlife and its habitats is the primary purpose of protected areas. Responsibility for
protecting and conserving protected area values extends beyond the management body to include
lessees, licensees, relevant public and private authorities, visitors, neighbours and the wider community.
Transparent decision making
The framework and processes for decision-making should be open and transparent. The reasons for
making decisions should be publicly available, except to the extent that information, including
information that is culturally sensitive or commercial-in-confidence, needs to be treated as confidential.
The information related to the protected areas, features, threats and intervention actions within the
protected areas and any other information linked to the managing process should be shared through
the following means:
 Leaflets and brochures
 Training programmes
 Local media
 Local, regional and national newspapers and magazines
 Protected area website
 Ministry website
 Continuous contact with responsible persons at local and central protected areas administration.
Effective and adaptive management
Protected area management should apply an adaptive management approach to support continuous
improvement in management. This includes monitoring the outcomes of management and taking
account of the findings of monitoring and other research to improve management effectiveness.
Management decisions should have a firm scientific basis or be supported by relevant experience.
Management bodies need to maintain and improve their capacity to learn from experience, to value and
build staff expertise and draw on input from other stakeholders.
Applying the "precautionary principle"
Protection of the natural resources should include identifying and taking appropriate actions to avert
and actively manage emerging threats and risks.
Effective management must be based on the best available information. However, where there are
threats or potential threats of serious or irreversible damage, lack of full scientific certainty should not
be used as a reason for postponing measures to prevent environmental degradation or harmful
disturbance to natural places.
3.2 Definition of management zones
The regulatory framework for both Valbona and Thethi National Parks and the Gashi Strict Nature
Reserve dates earlier than the the law No. 8906 dated 06.06.2002 "On protected areas", respectively the
Decisions of Council of Ministers proclaiming these areas as protected are dated: 21.11.1966 (Thethi),
15.01.1996 (Valbona Valley), and 15.01.1996 (Gashi River).

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For this reason there is no regulation with regard to the internal zoning for these areas pursuant to the
law No. 8906 dated 06.06.2002 "On protected areas".
3.2.1 Proposal for Valbona and Thethi NPs and Gashi Strict Nature Reserve Zoning
The present plan includes a proposal for the zoning of both Valbona and Thethi National Parks and the
Gashi Strict Nature Reserve, and for the planned Albanian Alps National Park as well.
The zoning is proposed in line with the Albanian legal framework requirements for protected areas
zoning. The specific features of each of the protected areas have been also taken into account in
formulating the zoning proposal.
The methodology used for proposing different zones of conservation and management with the
protected area consists of three steps: a) GIS analyses, b) field work including stakeholder consultation,
and c) assessments/proposal for zoning (please, see Annex III for details). The assessment has taken the
following into account:
 actual or potential of natural resources and the ecosystems;
 level of human use and interaction;
 natural, cultural and economical importance of the area;
The ecological characteristics have also been considered together with local activities and resident
interests in each of the defined zones as lay down in law. What can and/or cannot occur in the different
zones in the protected area in terms of natural resources management, cultural resource management,
human use and benefits, visitor use and experience, access, facilities and PA development, maintenance
and operations has also been defined.
The table below provide an overview of the proposed zoning for the zoning of both Valbona and Thethi
National Parks and the Gashi Strict Nature Reserve.
Table 13: Proposal for the zoning of both Valbona and Thethi National Parks and the Gashi Strict Nature Reserve
Thethi
Valbona Valley
Gashi River
Total (ha)
Shale
Margegaj
Margegaj
Tropoje
Core zone
1980
5722
1922
1020
10644
Recreational Zone
102
204
306
Traditional use zone
513
513
Sustainable use zone
548
1561
57
2167
Total
2630
8000
1980
1020
13630
Total commune
2630
9980
1020
13630
Total PA
2630
8000
3000
13630
The table and map below provide an overview of the proposed zoning for the planned Albanian Alps
National Park.

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Table 14: Proposal for planned Albanian Alps National Park Zoning (ha)
Total
Core zone
30729,6
Recreational Zone
957,2
Traditional use
zone
1125,2
Sustainable use
zone
3759,6
Total
36571,6

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Map 6: Proposed Zoning - Albanian Alps

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Proposal of Thethi National Park Zoning
Based on the assessments it is proposed to divide the area in three zones. The table and the map below
provide an overview of the proposed zoning for the NP.
Table 15: Main features of proposed zoning in the area of Thethi National Park
Zone
Surface
(ha)
Natural Asset
Purpose
Management
Intention
Permitted
Activities
Incompatible
Activities
Core zone
This area
presents an
undisturbed
nature, the
natural
habitats and
the old forests
are well
protected by
local residents
and the DFS.
However, in
some parts of
the core zone
traditional
cutting of tree
fodder has
occurred in the
past and
stumps from
selective
cutting are
frequently
seen.
To provide an
undisturbed,
natural
reference area.
It includes
alpine
vegetation
both on acid
rock and on
lime stone, and
old growth
forests.
The emphasis is
placed on
preserving the
natural
environment.
Human activity
is strictly
limited to
approved
scientific
research. There
are no
permanent
inhabitants in
the core zone
of the Thethi
National Park.
Scientific
research is
allowed.
Hiking and
other touristic
activities must
be restricted to
designated
trails. Some
areas must be
kept “tourist
free” to ensure
the optimal
conditions for
wild life.
Traditional
use zone
The traditional
zone currently
mainly consists
of forest and
alpine
meadows.
To enable
people residing
within the
National Park,
both
permanently
and seasonally,
to continue
maintaining
their
livelihoods
through
traditional
means.
This area
provides a
buffer zone for
the core zone.
Here the
protection of
nature has high
priority and
conservation
function of the
core zone is a
primary goal in
the
management.
Seasonal
economic
activities,
grazing,
medicinal
plants
collection,
secondary
forest
production are
permitted;
Selective
cutting of tree
for local use
should be
allowed only
with permission
from DSF.
Shepherd are
frequent in the
alpine zone as
well as the
forest areas.
The number of
animal must be
monitored and
if necessary
regulation must
be establish.
Recreational
Use zone
This zone could
include areas
Management
for nature
This zone
provides for
Social, eco
touristic,
Public activities
allowed in this

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with guest
houses.
conservation
and quiet use
and enjoyment
moderate
levels of low
impact
recreational
use and
infrastructure
development.
pilgrimage
activities and
infrastructure
construction
that do not
affect the
ecological
integrity of
ecosystem are
allowed.
zone include
walking and
cycling (on
existing tracks
only) and
picnicking (no
facilities
available).
Camping
should be
prohibited, and
commercial
activities may
only be
undertaken in
accordance
with a permit
issued by DSF
3.2.1.2 Proposal of Valbona Valley National Park Zoning
Based on the assessments it is proposed to divide the area in four zones. The table and the map below
provide an overview of the proposed zoning for the national park.
Table 16: Main features of proposed zoning in the area of Valbona Valley National Park
Zone
Surface
(ha)
Natural
Asset
Purpose
Management
Intention
Permitted
Activities
Incompatible
Activities
Core zone
This area
covers two
main
habitats: the
alpine and
the forest.
The area
presents an
undisturbed
nature, the
forests are
not
heavily
impacted
and in some
parts even
virgin forests
cells
survived.
However, in
some parts
of the core
Primary
purpose is
conservation
of the
biological
diversity.
In economic
measures, it
contributes to
sustainable
development
with its
ecosystem
services, such
as carbon
sequestration,
soil
stabilization,
supply of clean
water, and air
etc.
The emphasis
is placed on
preserving the
natural
environment.
Human
activity is
strictly limited
to approved
scientific
research.
Only
non-
destructive
research and
education
activities are
allowed.
Hiking and other
touristic activities
must be restricted
to designated
trails. Some areas
must be kept
“tourist free” to
ensure the optimal
conditions for wild
life.

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zone
traditional
cutting of
tree fodder
has occurred
in the past
and stumps
from
selective
cutting are
seen.
Traditional
use zone
The
traditional
use zone
currently
mainly
consists of
forest and
alpine
meadows.
The primary
purpose of the
traditional use
area remains
biodiversity
conservation,
but its
secondary
purpose is to
enable people
residing within
the National
Park, both
permanently
and seasonally,
to continue
maintaining
their
livelihoods
through
traditional
means.
This area
supplements
the objective
of the core
zone. Here the
protection of
nature has
high priority
and
conservation
function of
the core zone
is a primary
goal in the
management.
Its special
function can
also be
expanded in a
connectivity
function of
biodiversity
components
of core zones.
Seasonal
economic
activities,
grazing,
medicinal
plants
collection
(Blue berry
picking are
important
activities in
the mountain
between
Valbona and
Lumi I Gashi.),
secondary
forest
production are
permitted;
Selective
cutting of tree
for local use
should be
allowed only
with
permission
from DSF.
Shepherd are
frequent in the
alpine zone as well
as the forest areas.
The number of
animal must be
monitored and if
necessary
regulation must be
establish.
Sustainable
development
zone
This zone
include the
lower part of
the valley,
and the area
surrounding
the village
Cerem.
Settlements,
and other
uses
of area’s
resources
are located
To enable
people residing
within the
National Park,
both
permanently
and seasonally,
to continue
maintaining
their
livelihoods
through
sustainable
means.
To ensure an
appropriate
management,
the
cooperation
of local
communities,
management
agencies,
scientists,
non-
governmental
organizations
(NGOs)
Continuity of
traditional and
economic
activities is
enabled,
including:
agriculture,
horticulture,
forestry,
grazing,
medicinal and
aromatic
plants
collection and

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here.
cultural
groups,
economic
interests, and
other
stakeholders
is
necessary.
sustainable
agribusiness
with balanced
use of habitats
and landscape.
Recreational
Use zone
This zone
could include
areas with
hotels.
Management
for nature
conservation
and quiet use
and enjoyment
This zone
provides for
moderate
levels of low
impact
recreational
use and
infrastructure
development.
Social, eco
touristic,
pilgrimage
activities and
infrastructure
construction
that do not
affect the
ecological
integrity of
ecosystem are
allowed.
Public activities
allowed in this
zone include
walking and cycling
(on existing tracks
only) and
picnicking (no
facilities available).
For river Valbona
the construction of
hydro power
plants is under
discussion. The
realization may
lead to a dramatic
loss of natural
values and should
be carefully
evaluated. EIA
procedures shall
be conducted and
developments shall
only be undertaken
in accordance with
EIA
reccomendations.
Proposal of Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve Zoning
Based on the assessments it is proposed to divide the area in two zones. The table and the map below
provide an overview of the proposed zoning for the strict nature reserve.

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Table 17: Main features of proposed zoning in the area of Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve
Zone
Surface
(ha)
Natural Asset
Purpose
Management
Intention
Permitted
Activities
Incompatible
Activities
Core zone
This area
covers two
main habitats:
the alpine and
the forest. The
area presents
an undisturbed
nature, the
forests are not
heavily
impacted and
in some parts
even virgin
forests cells
survived. The
remnants of
virgin forest
are unique in
Albania and
important also
in an European
context. The
protection of
these areas
must have very
high priority.
Primary purpose
is to
esure that
nature can
develop freely,
and the
biological
diversity is
conserved.
The emphasis is
placed on
preserving the
natural
environment.
Human activity
is strictly limited
to approved
scientific
research.
Only
non-
destructive
research and
education
activities are
allowed.
Hiking and
other touristic
activities must
be restricted to
designated
trails. Some
areas must be
kept “tourist
free” to ensure
the optimal
conditions for
wild life.
The current
grazing is
considered to
be the
strongest
threat.
Traditional
use zone
The
sustainable use
zone currently
mainly consists
of forest and
alpine
meadows.
The primary
purpose of the
sustainable use
area remains
biodiversity
conservation,
but its
secondary
purpose is
foster economic
and human
development
which is socio-
culturally and
ecologically
sustainable.
This area
supplements
the objective of
the core zone.
Here the
protection of
nature has high
priority and
conservation
function of the
core zone is a
primary goal in
the
management.
Its special
function can
also be
expanded in a
connectivity
function of
biodiversity
components of
Seasonal
economic
activities,
grazing,
medicinal
plants
collection (Blue
berry picking
are important
activities in the
mountain
between
Valbona and
Lumi I Gashi.),
secondary
forest
production are
permitted;
Selective
cutting of tree
for local use
should be
Sheperds are
living all
summer in the
high mountain
valleys. Here,
alpine farming
with cattle and
sheep is taking
place.
The number of
animal must be
monitored and
if necessary
regulation
must be
establish.

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core zones.
allowed only
with
permission
from DSF.
3.3 Management Actions for Thethi NP
For each of the long term objectives and correspondent short-term objectives a series of actions are
envisaged to be implemented to ensure that the objectives are met. In this chapter, each of the actions
identified to achieve the objectives, is presented in tables.
For each of the actions the following elements are identified:
 responsible authority(ies) in charge for implementation;
 expected time frame and duration;
 relevant management zone;
 objective verifiable indicators;
Five Action Plans are presented in the next sections below corresponding to the long- and short-term
objectives that has been identified.

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6.3.1 Strengthen the protected area management system
Management actions
Responsible
Institution
Period/ Duration
Management
zones
Indicators
Enforce the provisions of law to visitors and users of Thethi National Park Area
Establish cooperation with trans
boundary PA administration in
Montenegro. Prepare MoU for
PA and wildlife protection.
MoE, DFS,
Municipalities
2015/1 year
N. A.
MoU approved and
signed by all parts
Enforce of the law on hunting
DFS, SIEFW, State
Police
Permanent/ Permanent
All zones
No. of identified
case of illegal
hunting
No. and type of
sanctions applied
and executed for
illegal hunting
Improved co-
operation
Identify and inspect the banned
activities inside the PA; periodical
monitoring of the area
recovering; Impose fines for
violation of the law related
activities within the PA.
DFS, SIEFWA,
Municipalities and
Communes
Permanent/ Permanent
All zones
No. of fines
collected.
Regular monitoring
of the sites of the
closed activities.
Monitor the
increase of the
rehabilitated
surface area
Control and prevention of fires in
forests and pasture areas,
prosecute authors of induced
fires. Coordinate fire control
mechanisms with Communes,
DFS and land owners.
DFS, Communes,
State Police
Permanently/Permanent
All zones
No of cases
identified and
sanctions
No. of fines
collected.
Control and regulate grazing
activities making sure
management plan
recommendation are respected
DFS, SIEFWA,
Communes
Commune collects
fees,
DFS elaborates
grazing programme
Permanent/ Permanent
All zones
Volume of fees
imposed and
collected in the
non-core zone.
No and type of
sanctions applied
and executed.
No and type of
sanctions applied
and executed in the
core zone.
Control all human activities
inside the park territory. Collect
fees for all permitted activities,
according to management
regime in entire park area.
DFS, MC,
Communes,
SIEFWA
Permanent/ Permanent
All zones
Human activities
within the PA
effectively
controlled;
Volume of fees
collected for
permitted activities;
No. of cases with
violation of permit
(extend beyond the
permit)
No. of sanctions
applied and

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executed for illegal
activities.
Reconsider the current requests
for 5 Hydropower constructions
along Shala River. Make sure EIA
reports are prepared
SIEFWA,
Municipalities/
communes, DFS
NEA, REA of
Shkodra
region/qark
Permanent/Permanent
Traditional
use
Hydropower
requests revised
carefully by
authorised and
professional
authorities.
Control the communal forest
management by the communes.
MoE, DFS, MC
Permanent/Permanent
Traditional
use
Communal forest
managed
sustainably and
correctly
Control and regulate medicinal
plants collection. Enforce the ban
of medicinal plants where
foreseen and regulate medicinal
plant collection in other zones
and subzones according to the
MP and park zoning, especially
for endemic herbs in Shala and
Thethi areas. Collection of fees
for medicinal herbs collection.
DFS collects fines
SIEFWA imposes
sanctions provided
in the medicinal
plants legal acts
Permanent/ During
summer season
All zones
Collection of
medicinal plants
under DFS control.
Fees collected
regularly.
Volume of fees
collected
No. of sanctions
imposed and
executed
Control and discipline of
funds/incomes obtained by all
activities within the park area
such as medicinal herbs
collection, hunting, logging fees.
MC, DFS
Permanent/ Permanent
N. A.
Funds from natural
resources use
under control
Introduce a licenses scheme for
medicinal herbs collection for
persons or group of persons
based on villages they represent.
DFS, SIEFWA
2015 – 2016/ one year
(continuously)
N.A.
Medicinal herbs
collection organized
in villages and
under control.
No. of authorized
persons/groups per
village.
Control and regulate recreational
activities inside the park
territory, especially those linked
with visitor routes in Grunas Fall,
Grunas Canyon, Okoli springs,
Gjecaj Fall, Blue eye in
Nderhysa/Kaprre area (buffer
zone of NP). Collect fees for
services provided.
Establishment of solid waste
collection system.
DFS and MC,
municipalities and
communes
Permanent/ Especially
during the summer season
(May-Sept)
Ricreational
Use
Recreational
activities under DFS
control.
Volume of fees
collected
No. of fines
imposed and
collected pursuant
to the law on waste
Clarify the rights, obligations and
tasks for Communes as owner of
forest and pasture and those of
DFS as responsible of
management of public forests
and pasture lands;
In-line Ministries,
Ministry of State
for Local
Governance Affairs,
Ministry of Interior,
Qark Commune
2015-2016/12 months
N.A.
Clarified
competences of
Communes, DFSs
and users/farmers
Effective control of
entire area
Establishment of a Joint
Management Committee for the
park areas (list) with
membership from local and
central authorities and
stakeholders.
MoE
2015/1year
N.A
MC established and
operational
Increase the effectiveness of protected area management system by strengthening relevant institutions towards an effective

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law enforcement and prosecution service for violation of environmental requirements
Define the need for investments
in private owned land within the
park area. Improve the
management of incomes among
private owners, DFSs and
Communes.
In-Line ministries,
Local Government,
Qark Commune
2015-2016/12 months
N.A.
Share of
investments
between Land
owners/forest and
pasture owners.
Incomes managed
effectively
Recruit additional staff for DFS in
Shkodra four employees are
needed: 1 communication
expert; 2 forest engineers and 1
biologist.
MoE
2015-2016/12 months
N.A.
An effective park
authority in place;
4 additional staff
employed
Provide on the job training for
DFS staff, commune staff.
MoE
2015-2020/15 days/year
N.A.
Job performance
improvement of the
key staff;
Number of trainings
and number of
trained staff
Train community representatives
on: planning and supervision of
activities, joint action for fires
prevention, monitoring and
response, application of
sanctions, and provision of
support to individuals to enhance
their fire management tasks.
MoE, DFS, MC;
Ministry of Interior
2015/1 year
N.A.
No of trainings
realized.
No. of trained
people.
Park activities
supervised
professionally
Improve mobility and operation
of the staff and rangers at DFS in
Shkodra, through purchasing of:
4 motorbikes and one 4x4
vehicle, 1 GPS, 1 Binoculars, 1
professional camera
MoE, DFS
2015-2016/ Within 12
months
N.A.
All equipment
purchased and put
into operation;
increased
performance of
park staff and
rangers
Create and regularly update a
joint webpage for the Alps area,
including a regular newsletter
DFF
Permanent/20 days/year in
the first year, and 10
days/year in the following
years
N.A.
Web page of the PA
created and in
function, regularly
updated
Equip DFS staff with park
uniforms; Establishment of a
multi functional centre in Thethi
Camp area under DFS of Shkodra.
MoE, MC and DFS
2015 – 2016/1 year
N.A.
Equipped staff with
park uniforms.
Multifunctional
centre established
and in function
Strengthen the co-operation among communes, forestry, and other local stakeholders.
Prepare and approve a
memorandum of cooperation
between Montenegro
international authorities for
effective management of the
entire park area.
MoE, Qark of
Shkodra,
Municipality of
Shkodra
2015
N. A.
Cooperation plan
prepared and
approved
Organize study tours to EU
protected areas for local
stakeholders and DFS staff
MoE
2015-2016/10-15 days
N.A.
Increased efficiency
of DFS staff
Exchange periodical visits in
transboundary protected areas in
Albania and Montenegro.
MoE
2015-2016/10-15 visits
N.A.
Increased efficiency
of PA staff,
Management

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3.3.2 Increase habitats and biodiversity protection and conservation
Management actions
Responsible institution
Period/ Duration
Management
zones
Indicators
Ensure that the diversity of species and the ecosystems processes in the protected area are not adversely affected by human
activities
Evaluate the possibility to
introduce an entrance fee to
the Protected Area, including a
waste collection fee for
tourists. The appropriate areas
for the establishment of
structures for the collection of
the entrance fee are Qafe
Thore and Shkembi i Thethit
MoE, MTI, Qark of
Shkodra, MC and
Communes
2015/ One year
N.A.
Solid waste in the
process of control,
money generated for
DSF and Communes
Identify the traditional
livestock sheep breeds (e.g.
“Merinos” sheep).
DFS with livestock
associations experts
2015
N.A
The traditional
livestock breed well
defined;
Promote the maintenance of high water quality; prevent the degradation and deterioration of habitats
Establishment and
maintenance of waste
containers in the Protected
Area along trails, near
monuments, etc.; with priority
to Camp of Thethi Field
DFS
2015 -2016/
Permanent
All zones
Containers
established and in
function
Rehabilitation of natural
springs /fountains in park area
in Camp of Thethi Field and
Micani spring
Communes and DFS
2015 – 2016/ One year
Traditional
Natural
springs/fountains
rehabilitated
Identify measures for erosion
prevention and control.
Integration of biological and
technical measures for erosion
prevention and control.
MC, DFS, Communes
Permanent/ Every
year
Traditional,
Reduction of erosion
and sedimentation
load into water
sources
Forestation with pine (Pinus
nigra) in entire park area and
banks construction (banks with
stones, with concrete belts
and wire net) for the erosion
prevention in park with high
priority to Shellinza stream
and Gjecaj stream.
DFS , communes
Permanent/permanent
All zones
Erosion prevent
measures in place
Increased forest
surfaces
Reduction of eroded
areas
Foster broad community stewardship and commitment to the conservation of species of specific level of protection.
Identify suitable sites near
water sources as future
protected sites for fish
reproduction purposes, mainly
at Thethi springs
MoE and MC
2015-2016/1 year
Traditional
Site protected
proclamation by
Minister Order
Determine corridors for
wildlife to freely move through
Montenegro. Maintenance of
existing corridors of Shtegu i
dhenve, Qafa e Valbones.
DFS, SIEFW, State police,
and
Municipality/commune
Permanent/
Permanent
All zones
Entrances and
breeding zones
identified;
Existing corridors well
maintained.
Identify sites of high/special
protection for endangered
MoE and MC
2015-2016/1 year
Core
Traditional
Sites of special
protection for

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3.3.3 Develop the recreational and touristic uses
species as Lynx, Chamois, Roe
deer, Brown bear, and Golden
eagle; most important sites
should be located at
Radohima, Peja area, Zorzi,
Shtegu i dhenve, Kurora e
Thethit.
endangered species
defined and
approved
Management actions
Responsible
Institutions
Period/ Duration
Management
zone
Indicators
Provide for the operation of low impact tourism activities which add to the recreational and educational experience of
protected area users
Identification and analysis of
actual tourism trend in Thethi
Field and Gjecaj;
improvement of tourist
management.
DFS, MC,
Communes,
Tourism agencies
2015-2016/permanent
Traditional
Tourism managed and
developed in a sustainable
way
Preparation of territorial
planning and tourism
development plan for the
park area.
DFS, MC,
Communes
2015-2016/12 months
all zones
Inter Local Plan prepared,
and approved
Prepare a feasibility study on
the possibilities for guided
tours in the area. Provision of
training to internal staff in
ecotourism guiding.
NTA
2015-2016/10 days (2-3)
All zones
Increased number of visitors
Ensure that tourist operations do not negatively impact on the ecological and cultural heritage values of the protected area
Keep record of the potentials
use of natural resources
without affecting their
ecological status (e.g. natural
and cultural monuments
within and close to the park
area.
DFS, touristic
agencies
Permanent/ Permanent
all zones
Mountain tourism developed
sustainably
Promote cultural tourism,
and eco tourism in a
sustainable manner
DFS, touristic
agencies
Permanent/ Permanent
all zones
Touristic activities
harmonised
Development of mountain
tourism in a sustainable way
in park area
DFS, Communes,
MC
2015/Permanent
Recreational
Mountain tourism developed
and promoted regularly
Definition of specific camping
areas in Okol and Thethi
Field.
DFS, communes,
MC
Permanent/ During the
touristic season
Recreational
specific camping areas
defined
Establish and provide
updated information on park
values at touristic
information centre in Shkodra
city.
MUDT, DFS, Qark
of Shkodra,
Municipality of
Shkodra
Permanent/ Permanent
N.A.
Shared park information;
Increased number of visitors;
Maintenance of the trails to
Thethi Field – Peja peak; Qafe
Thore – Shtegu i dhenve –
Radohime – Malesi e Madhe;
DFS, communes
Permanent/ Permanent
All zones
Trails opened permanently;
increase of visitors

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Thethi Field – Qafa e
Valbones – Rragam – Valbona
Valley; Kaprrej – Qafe Thore
Maintenance of trails
connecting the villages of the
entire PA as Grunas – Fushe
Theth – Thethi Camp – Okol;
Gjelaj – Fushe Theth
MoE, touristic
agencies, DFS,
Permanent/permanent
All zones
Trails established and
opened;
Increased
cooperation/marketing
among villages and districts;
Increased number of visitors
Identify possible financial
supports for the touristic
development of the natural
ski field in Meadow of
Micenve; Nenrrethi meadows
DFS
2015 – 2016/permanent
N. A
Financial support potentials
identified
Provide trainings to DFS,
Commune staff related
preparation of touristic
guides, eco guides.
DFS
2015 – 2016/ one year
N. A.
Number of trained persons;
increase of visitors number
Maintenance and protection
of nature monuments and
characteristic architecture of
typical traditional houses in
entire Thethi area.
MUDT, MoC,
Communes, DFS
Permanent/Permanent
All zones
Monuments protected and
mantained; Traditional
houses maintained;
Increased number of visitors.
Identify financial support for
reconstruction of old typical
houses; Adaption of new
houses to mountain territory
features.
MUDT, MoF,
MoC
2015-2016/1 year
All zones
Typical houses reconstructed
and in function; Increased
number of visitors.
Ensure that tourism is carried out in an ecologically sustainable manner
Production and installation of
information and park
interpretation panels
DSF
2015-2016/12 months
All zones
Interpretation panels
produced;
Increased number of visitors
Establishment of signs and
tables within the park area;
preparation specific leaflets
about the park
DFS, Communes,
MC
2015 – 2016/12 month
All zones
Orientation of tourists within
the park;
Visitors informed about the
park area
Preparation of nature
guides/eco-guides suitable
for different interest-groups
and age-groups
DFS and Tourism
agencies;
Municipalities
2015-2016/12 months
N. A.
Different type of eco guides
produced and distributed
Increased number of visitors
Provide full inventory of
natural and cultural
monuments in all the
territory of PA and share
maps catalogues with
locations and access ways.
DFS and
communes
2015/1 year
All zones
Promotion material prepared
and distributed

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3.3.4 Develop sustainable agriculture and socio-economic activities
Management actions
Responsible
Institution
Period/
Duration
Management
zone
Indicators
Promote sustainable agriculture and farming
Promotion of local production of vegetables,
fruits, and diaries with the well-known local
names.
MARDWA
Permanent/
Permanent
Traditional,
Increased organic
local products trade
Improve land use practices leading to topsoil
recover and better erosion control, through
implementation schemes for payment of
environmental services
MARDWA, MoE
2015-2017/2
years
Traditional,
sustainable
Pilot schemes
implementation
started
Installation of mangers for livestock in
natural water sources in Terthore Peja peak,
Nenrrethi meadows. Rehabilitation of
mangers for livestock in Peja area.
MoE, MARDWA,
DFS
2015/1 year
Traditional
Mangers for
livestock established
Existing mangers
rehabilitated
Cultivation and promotion of Chestnuts in
the buffer zone of the park, especially in
Breglumi area.
MoE, MARDWA,
DFS, Communes
2015/1year
Traditional
Increase of
cultivated surface;
increase marketing;
increase local
incomes
Organisation of periodical/seasonal fairs in
Shkodra area promoting and marketing the
local typical agriculture and farming products
of Thethi NP.
DFS, Communes,
Qark of Shkodra
2015/
periodically
N.A
Local organic
products promoted;
Increase of local
incomes;
Increase of no. of
visitors.
Promote ecologically and economically sound management of all grazing lands
Defining of grazing areas and their grazing
capacity; Establish a programme to appoint
grazing areas based on capacity of the area,
especially those of Buni i Terthores and Peja
peak;
DFS, MARDWA
2015-2016/12
months
Traditional
Grazing areas
defined; grazing
capacity defined and
controlled
Identify natural pasture sites for mowing
purposes, in order to provide the livestock
nutrient base during winter.
MoE, DFS,
Communes, FPUA
2015/1 year
Traditional
Natural pastures
identified;
Increase of nutrients
quantity for livestock
Promote beekeeping, medical plants cultivation and sustainable livelihood
Encourage bee-keeping, production of high
quality honey, certification of such a product
and its marketing; Discourage the artificial
nutrition of bees in order to improve the
honey quality
MARDWA; DFS
Permanent/
Permanent
Traditional
Increased bee hives
and honey
production
Improved honey
quality
Support beekeeping and facilitate the
seasonal transport of beehives, especially in
Gjelaj, Nenrreth, Gjecaj villages.
MARDWA
Permanent/
Permanent
Traditional
Increased number of
beekeepers;
increased quantity of
honey production
Limitations and control of grazing in areas of
importance for bee keeping and medicinal
plants in the pastures of park area.
DFS (rangers), MC
Permanent/
March-August
Traditional
Increased honey
production;
increased natural
surfaces of medicinal
herbs
Establishment of medicinal plants collection
centre on geographical basis mainly in
Breglumi area.
MC, MARDWA
DFS, Communes
2015 – 2016/
Permanent
Traditional
Medicinal herbs
commerce and
collection under
control’
Collection centres

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3.3.5 Promote scientific research and education
Management actions
Responsible Institution
Period/ Duration
Management
zone
Indicators
Encourage research that will provide knowledge of the values of the protected area and inform its management
Update periodically the existing
habitat map according Natura
2000; reflect on habitat map all
environmental developments
within park area.
DFS; Research and
Academic Institutions,
Permanent
/regularly
All zones
Periodical updated, and
detailed habitat map for
the National Park
according Natura 2000
categorization
Carry out a study on medicinal
plants in the area in order to
update the existing data
DFS; Research and
Academic Institutions
2015/ Periodically
All zones
Study report on
medicinal plants of the
park
Carry out a study and periodical
monitoring of park flora and
fauna in order to update the
existing data
DFS; Research and
Academic Institutions
2015/ Permanent
All zones
Study report on park
flora and fauna
Develop educational and
promotional programs
(professional practices
programs) for local schools and
local communities
DFS and Schools
Permanent/2 days/
year/school
Traditional
Lectures, events,
contests, and other
extracuricular activities
related to park
Carry out periodical studies and
Research and
Permanent/
All zones
Periodical report on
established and in
function
Provide trainings to medicinal plants
collectors in the entire park area.
MARDWA
Every year/5
days/year
N. A.
Number of trained
persons;
Controlled medicinal
herbs collection
Establish small scale medicinal plants
processing centres in Breglumi area.
MoE; Rural
development
businesses dealing
with medicinal
plant export
2015-2019
Buffer zone
Small scale
processing centre
established
Support to sustainable Forestry
Periodical monitoring, maintenance and
protection of forests from diseases caused by
chestnut cancer and the pine
processionary (Thaumetopoea pityocampa)
in pine forests.
DFS, Communes
Every year/3
months per
year
All zones
Forests monitored
regularly;
Tree diseases under
control
Beech Forest improvementin antire park and
especially in Thethi area.
DFS, Communes
Permanent /
regularly
All zones
Forests maintained
and under control
Phyto-sanitary cutting (cutting of damaged
parts) in forests of entire park territory
DFS, communes
2015-2016/
One year
Traditional
Forest service’s
carried out regularly
Forestation of burned sites in Okol area
DFS, commune
2015/Periodic
if fires occurs
Traditional,
Increase of
regenerated natural
forest land
Burned areas
reduced
Establishment and maintenance of corridors
(mainly in Thethi area) for fire prevention.
DFS, Communes
Permanent
/Periodically
Traditional
Forest protection
from fires.
Forests controlled
periodically. Habitat
maintained correctly

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monitoring of water quality in
the entire park area and
drinking water parameters
Micani and Okolareas/springs
Academic Institutions,
Public Health Institute,
MARDWA, Albanian
Geological Survey,
NEA, REA
Periodically
water parameters,
quality and ecology
Identification of rare species and
habitats and develop the
recovery programme.
MoE
2015-2016/1 year
All zones
The Recovery
programme prepared
and approved.
Identify the threatened and
endemic plants and flora
locations and undertake
measures for protection
DFS, researches
2015-2017
All zones
List of the threatened
plants and flora’
Protection measures
identified
Improve public awareness, understanding and appreciation of the environments of the protected area and the potential
impacts of human activities on these environments
Organize forest and pasture
users trainings on sustainable
economic activities
DFS MC, communes
2015-2015/12
months
N. A.
Number of people
trained
Number of people
employed
Support to local NGOs and
media on awareness raising
activities
DFS, Qark of Shkodra
Permanent/
Permanent
N. A.
Increased cooperation
and engagement of
stakeholders in the
administration of the PA.
Produce posters, year calendar
of events including religious
activities, information leaflets,
for promoting the area.
Production of visitor guide.
DFS
First year all; after
that only calendar,
posters and
events/60
days/year
N. A.
Posters, leaflets,
program on walks,
guides, etc. produced
and disseminated

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3.4 Management Actions for Valona Valley NP
For each of the long term objectives and correspondent short-term objectives a series of actions are
envisaged to be implemented to ensure that the objectives are met. In this chapter, each of the actions
identified to achieve the objectives, is presented in tables.
For each of the actions the following elements are identified:
 responsible authority(ies) in charge for implementation;
 expected time frame and duration;
 relevant management zone;
 objective verifiable indicators;
Five Action Plans are presented in the next sections below corresponding to the long- and short-term
objectives that has been identified.
3.4.1 Strengthen the protected area management system
Management actions
Responsible
Institution
Period/ Duration
Management
zones
Indicators
Enforce the provisions of any existing legal and sub legal act to visitors and users of Valbona Valley National Park Area
Enforce of the law on hunting.
DFS, SIEFW, State
Police
Permanent/ Permanent
All zones
No. of identified case
of illegal hunting
No. and type of
sanctions applied
and executed for
illegal hunting
Improved co-
operation
Identify and inspect the banned
activities inside the PA;
periodical monitoring of the
area recovering; Impose fines
for violation of the closure
decision
DFS, SIEFW,
Municipalities and
Communes
Permanent/ Permanent
All zones
No. of fines
collected.
Regular monitoring
of the sites of the
closed activities.
Monitor the increase
of the rehabilitated
surface area
Control, prevent and follow up
on fires in forests and pastures,
prosecute authors of
intentional fires. Coordinate
fire control with Communes,
DFS and land owners.
DFS, Communes
Permanently/Permanent
All zones
No of cases
identified and
sanctions
No. of fines
collected.
Control and regulate grazing
activities respecting
management plan
recommendation.
DFS, SIEFW,
Communes
Permanent/ Permanent
All zones
Volume of fees
imposed and
collected in the non-
core zone
No and type of
sanctions applied
and executed.
No and type of

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sanctions applied
and executed in the
core zone.
Close the illegal quarry within
Park territory (Qyteti Shoshajt)
and control the rehabilitation
process from the company.
DFS, Commune,
REA, SIEFW
2015/1year
Sustainable
Illegal quarry closed;
area rehabilitated
Control all human activities
inside the park territory.
Collect fees for all permitted
activities, according to
management regime in entire
park area.
DFS, MC,
Communes, SIEFW
Permanent/ Permanent
All zones
Human activities
within the PA
effectively
controlled;
Volume of fees
collected for
permitted activities;
No. of cases with
violation of permit
(extend beyond the
permit)
No. of sanctions
applied and
executed for illegal
activities.
Control of the quantity of water
used for hydropower activity;
Monitor the environmental
impacts.
SIEFW,
Municipalities/
communes, DFS,
REA
Permanent/Permanent
Sustainable
use
Traditional
use
Hydropower activity
revised carefully by
competent
authorities
Environmental
impact monitored
closely.
Control the communal forest
and pastures management by
the communes.
MoE, DFS, MC
Permanent/Permanent
Sustainable
use
Traditional
use
Communal forest
managed sustainably
and correctly
Control and regulate medicinal
plants collection. Enforce the
ban of medicinal plants
according to the MP and park
zoning especially for the
blueberry. Collection fees for
medicinal herbs collection.
DFS
SIEFW
Permanent/ During summer
season
All zones
Collection of
medicinal plants
under DFS control.
Fees collected
regularly.
Volume of fees
collected
No. of sanctions
imposed and
executed
Control and discipline of
funds/incomes obtained by all
activities within the park area
such as medicinal herbs
collection, grazing, logging fees.
MC, DFS
Permanent/ Permanent
N. A.
Funds from natural
resources use under
control
Licenses issued for regular and
correct medicinal herbs
collection to the authorized
persons or group of persons
based in villages they
represent.
DFS, SIEFW
2015 – 2016/ one year
(continuously)
N.A.
Medicinal herbs
collection organized
in villages and under
control.
No. of authorized
persons/groups per
village.
Control and regulate
recreational activities inside the
DFS and MC,
municipalities and
Permanent/ Especially
during the summer season
Sustainable;
Recreational
activities under DFS

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park territory, especially those
linked with visitor routes in
Valbone – Theth; Dragobi –
Gashi River; Padesh – Gashi
River. Collect fees for services
provided.
Establishment of solid waste
collection system.
communes
(May-Sept)
control.
Volume of fees
collected
No. of fines imposed
and collected
pursuant to the law
on waste
Clarify the rights, obligations
and tasks of Communes as
owner of forest and pasture for
communal forest, and those of
DFS as management authority
of public forest and pasture
land. Carry out regular
inspection and report;
In-line Ministries,
Ministry of State for
Local Governance
Affairs, Ministry of
Interior, Qark
Commune
2015-2016/12 months
N.A.
Clarified
competences of
Communes, DFS,
Inspectorate and
users/farmers
Effective control of
entire area
Establishment of a joint
Management Committee for
Alps area with membership of
local authorities and
stakeholders.
MoE
2015/1year
N.A
MC established and
operative
Increase the effectiveness of protected area management system by strengthening relevant institutions towards an effective
law enforcement and prosecution service for violation of environmental requirements
Define the need for
investments in private owned
land within the park area and
incomes management among
private owners, DFSs and
Communes.
In-Line ministries,
Local Government,
Qark Commune
2015-2016/12 months
N.A.
Share of investments
between Land
owners/forest and
pasture owners
Incomes managed
effectively
Recruit additional staff from
the area, for Kuksi DFS/ Tropoja
Section; four employees are
needed: 1 Tourism expert; 3
forest engineers
MoE,
2015-2016/12 months
N.A.
An effective park
authority in place;
4 additional staff
employed
Provide in job training for DFS
staff, commune staff.
MoE
2015-2020/15 days/year
N.A.
Job performance
improvement of the
key staff;
number of trainings
and number of
trained staff
Train community
representatives on planning
and supervision of activities,
joint action for fire rescue and
prevention, fire monitoring and
response, applying sanctions,
and providing support to
individuals to enhance their fire
management tasks.
MoE,; Ministry of
Interior
2015/1 year
N.A.
No of trainings
realized
No. of trained
people
Park activities
supervised
professionally
Improve mobility and operation
of the staff and rangers for DFS
in Kuksi/Tropoja Section,
through purchasing 2
motorbikes one 4x4 vehicle, 1
GPS, 1 Binoculars,
DFS and MC
2015-2016/ Within 12
months
N.A.
All equipment
purchased and put
into operation;
increased
performance of park
staff and rangers
Create and keep update a
webpage for the Alps area,
including a regular newsletter
DFS
Permanent/20 days/year in
the first year, and 10
days/year in the following
N.A.
Web page of the PA
created and in
function, regularly

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years
updated
Equip DFS staff with park
uniforms; Establishment of a
guest house/building in Dragobi
under Kuksi DFS/Tropoja
section.
MoE, and DFS
2015 – 2016/1 year
N.A.
Equipped staff with
park uniforms. Guest
building established
and in function
Strengthen the co-operation among communes, forestry, and other local stakeholders.
Organize study tours to EU PA
in which all local stakeholders
and DFS staff may take part
MoE
2015-2016/10-15 days
N.A.
Increased efficiency
of DFS staff

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3.4.2 Increase habitats and biodiversity protection and conservation
Management actions
Responsible
institution
Period/ Duration
Management
zones
Indicators
Ensure that the diversity of species and the ecosystems processes in the protected area are not adversely affected by human
activities
Evaluate the possibilities to introduce an
entrance fee to the Protected Area,
including a garbage collection fee for
tourists; The appropriate area for the
establishment of structures for the
collection of the entrance fee is Shoshan
(Qyteti i Shoshajve)
MC and
Communes
2015/ One year
N.A.
Solid waste in the
process of control,
money generated for
DSF and Communes
Promote the maintenance of high water quality; prevent the degradation and deterioration of habitats
Establishment and maintenance of waste
containers in the Protected Area along
trails, near monuments, etc.; Immediate
need of waste containers in Valbona
area, from Paskollat to Fusha e Gjese.
DFS
2015 -2016/
Permanent
All zones
Containers
established and in
function
Identify measures for erosion prevention
and control. Integration of biological
and technical measures for erosion
prevention and control.
MC and DFS
Permanent/ Every
year
All zones
Reduction of erosion
and sedimentation
load into water
sources
Forestation with pine (Pinus nigra) in
Valbona area and banks construction
(banks with stones, with concrete belts
and wire net) for the erosion prevention
from Dragobia to Paskollat area (in the
right site of Valbona River)
DFS,
communes
Permanent/permanent
All zones
Erosion prevent
measures in place
Increased forest
surfaces
Reduction of eroded
areas
Banks construction and maintenance for
discipline of Valbona River basin and
flood prevention from Rragami i Shales
to the end of Valbona village.
Commune,
River Basin
Agency, LGU
2015/1 year
Sustainable
River basin
maintained;
Flood prevention
Foster broad community stewardship, and commitment to the conservation of species of specific level of protection
Identify suitable sites near water sources
as future protected sites for trout
reproduction purposes from Rragam
village to the ending part of the park.
MoE and MC
2015-2016/1 year
Traditional
Site protected
proclamation by
Minister Order
Identify sites of high/special protection
for endangered species as Lynx, Chamois
and Roe deer; For park area most
important sites should be located in
Cerem, Valbona and Rragam.
MoE and MC
2015-2016/1 year
all areas
Sites of special
protection for
endangered species
defined and
approved

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3.4.3 Develop the recreational and touristic uses
Management actions
Responsible
Institutions
Period/ Duration
Management
zone
Indicators
Provide for the operation of low impact tourism activities which add to the recreational and educational experience of
protected area users
Identification and analysis of
actual touristic visits trend in
Valbone, Cerem, Rragam i
Shales; management of touristic
visits in a correct way.
DFS, MC,
Commune,
Tourism
agencies
2015-2016/permanent
Traditional
Sustainable
Tourism managed and
developed in a sustainable
way
Preparation of the Inter Local
Plan of territorial planning and
tourism development in the
park area.
DFS, MC,
Commune
2015-2016/12 months
All zones
Inter Local Plan prepared,
and approved
Prepare a feasibility study on
the possibilities for guided tours
in the area. Training of internal
staff in ecotourism guiding.
NTA, Tourism
agencies
2015-2016/10 days (2-
3)
All zones
Increased number of visitors
Ensure that tourist operations do not negatively impact on the ecological and cultural heritage values of the protected area
Establishment of trails, printing
of maps & guidelines,
placement of orientation tables
and tourists signs in the entire
park area (with priority to
Valbone, Cerem, Rragam i
Shales ) in Albanian and English
languages
DFS,
Communes
2015-2016
Sustainable
Preferred places, rails trail
crossings inventoried,
recorded in the guide maps,
timetables and index field
Keep record of the potentials of
natural resources use without
affecting their ecological status
(e.g. natural and cultural
monuments within and close to
the park area).
DFS, touristic
agencies
Permanent/ Permanent
all zones
Mountain tourism
developed sustainably
Harmonization of cultural
tourism, and eco tourism in a
sound manner
DFS, touristic
agencies,
commune
Permanent/ Permanent
all zones
Touristic activities
harmonised
Development and promotion of
mountain tourism in a
sustainable way in park area
DFS,
Communes, MC
2015/Permanent
Recreational
Mountain tourism
developed and promoted
regularly
Definition of specific camping
areas along Valbona River area,
from Klysyra to Gjelaj areas;
from Kukaj to Markocaj areas.
DFS,
communes, MC
Permanent/ During the
touristic season
Recreational
specific camping areas
defined
Provide updated information for
the existing information centre
in Valbona. Establish and
provide updated information on
park values for touristic
information centre in Dragobia
area. .
MRDT, DFS,
NTA,
Commune,
municipality
Permanent/ Permanent
N.A.
Shared park information;
Increased number of
visitors;
Establishment of a trail to
Bajram Curri Cave and
tables/signs along the trail.
Maintenance of the trails to
Dragobi – Gashi River; Valbona
DFS,
communes
Permanent/ Permanent
All zones
Trails opened permanently;
increase of visitors

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– Qafa e Valbones – Theth;
Valbona – Gryket e Hapura –
Curraj i Eperm.
Maintenance of trails
connecting the villages of the
entire PA as Dragobi – Valbona
– Rragam i Shales; Dragobi –
Cerem.
MoE, touristic
agencies, DFS,
Permanent/permanent
All zones
Trails established and
opened;
Increased
cooperation/marketing
among villages and districts;
Increased number of visitors
Identify financial supports for
the improvement of touristic
infrastructure; Identify
possibilities of
legalisation/license of already
constructed restaurants of the
area.
MoF,
International
Funding
Organizations
2015 –
2016/permanent
N. A
Financial support potentials
identified
Provide trainings to DFS, and
Commune staff related to the
preparation of touristic guides,
eco guides.
DFS
2015 – 2016/ one year
N. A.
Number of trained persons;
increase of visitors number
Conduct feasibility study and
project design for parking places
construction within the
protected area
DFS
2015-2016/12 months
Sustainable
Recreational
Improved parking and
services to park visitors
Identify possible source of
financing for the reconstruction
of typical mill of Dragobia; mill
of Bajram Curri in Shoshai i
Ceremit. Maintenance of the
existing mill of Valbona.
MoF,
International
Funding
Organizations
Permanent/Permanent
sustainable
Tradition mills restructured,
maintained and in function;
Increased number of
visitors.
Identify possible source of
financing for reconstruction of
old typical houses in Dragobi,
Valbona, Cerem, Rragam i
Shales;
MoF,
International
Funding
Organizations
2015-2016/1 year
All zones
Typical houses
reconstructed and in
function; Increased number
of visitors.
Ensure that tourism is carried out in an ecologically sustainable manner
Preparation of nature
guides/eco-guides suitable for
different interest-groups and
age-groups
DFS and
Tourism
agencies;
Municipalities
2015-2016/12 months
N. A.
Different type of eco guides
produced and distributed
Increased number of visitors
Provide full inventory of natural
and cultural monuments in all
the territory of PA and share
maps catalogues with locations
and access ways.
DFS and
communes
2015/1 year
All zones
Promotion material
prepared and distributed

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3.4.4 Develop sustainable agriculture and socio-economic activities
Management actions
Responsible
Institution
Period/ Duration
Management
zone
Indicators
Promote sustainable agriculture and farming
Promote bio-farming and bio- agro -products
in order to minimise the use of chemical
fertilizers and pesticides (provide training on
organic farming) in entire PA area.
Investigate financial support mechanisms
rural development schemes to promote
organic farming among farmers.
MARDWA, MC
Permanent/ At least 5
days/y
Sustainable
Increased land
surface covered
with organic
agriculture
products (Bio –
products);
increase of
organic farming
products
Promote and support the traditional
cultivation of autochthonous potato in
Valbona and Cerem villages as well other
organic vegetables as beans, tomatoes and
pepper.
MARDWA
Permanent/
Permanent
Sustainable
Increased local
product
production and
cultivated surface
Promotion of local production of vegetables,
fruits, and diaries with the well-known local
names.
MARDWA
Permanent/
Permanent
Traditional,
sustainable
Increased organic
local products
trade
Establishment of seasonal milk sub products
processing centres and their certification
(seasonal diaries) in Cerem, Valbona and
Dragobi villages.
MARDWA
2015 – 2016/ Seasonal
Sustainable
Improved
processing
technology and
product quality
Improve land use practices leading to topsoil
recover and better erosion control, through
implementation schemes for payment for
environmental services
MARDWA, MoE
2015-2017/2 years
Traditional,
sustainable
Pilot schemes
implementation
started
Establishment of mangers for livestock in
Ceremi and Valbona areas. Rehabilitation of
existing mangers for livestock in park area.
MoE,
MARDWA, DFS
2015/1 year
Traditional,
sustainable
Mangers for
livestock
established
Existing mangers
rehabilitated
Promote ecologically and economically sound management of all grazing lands
Undertake pasture cleaning services,
especially cleaning from weeds, toxic herbs
and stones.
DFS , commune
2015-2017
Sustainable
Pasture surfaces
well maintained
Establish the models to support the seasonal
stay in high mountain pastures such as,
infrastructure for shepherds and seasonal
stables for livestock (Infrastructure for
livestock temporary abode).
MoE, DFS,
LGUs, FPUA
2015-2019
Sustainable
Temporary
structures for
shepherd and
livestock stay in
place
Preserve and promote the autochthonous
breeds of “Bardhok” sheep, autochthonous
red cow and autochthonous red goat.
MoE, DFS,
FPUA
2015/1 year
Traditional
Sustainable
Autochthonous
breed preserved
and promoted;
Increase of local
farming products
Promote beekeeping, medical plants cultivation and sustainable livelihood
Encourage bee-keeping, production of high
quality honey, certification of such a product
and its marketing;
MARDWA
Permanent/
Permanent
Traditional
Sustainable
Increased bee
hives and honey
production
Improved honey
quality
Support beekeeping and facilitate the
seasonal transport of beehives, especially in
MARDWA
Permanent/
Permanent
Traditional
Sustainable
Increased number
of beekeepers;

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Valbona and Dragobi villages. Increase the
number of beehives.
increased
quantity of honey
production
Establishment of medicinal plants collection
centre on geographical basis mainly in
Dragobi and Cerem villages.
MC, MARDWA,
DFS,
Communes
2015 – 2016/
Permanent
Traditional
Sustainable
Medicinal herbs
commerce and
collection under
control’
Collection centres
established and in
function
Provide trainings to medicinal plants
collectors in the entire park area.
MARDWA
Every year/5 days/year
N. A.
Number of
trained persons;
Controlled
medicinal herbs
collection
Establish areas for cultivation of some
medicinal plants that are highly required by
the market, as blueberry in Cerem village.
MC, MARDWA
/ Farmers/
Communes
Permanent/permanent
Sustainable
Increased surface
of cultivations
with medicinal
plants
Establish small scale medicinal plants
processing centres in Bajram Curri Town.
MoE; Rural
development
businesses
dealing with
medicinal plant
export
2015-2019
N.A
Small scale
processing centre
established
Support to sustainable Forestry
Periodical monitoring, maintenance and
protection of forests from fires and illegal
logging mainly in Cerem and from Dragobi to
Markovce areas.
DFS,
Communes
Every year/3 months
per year
All zones
Forests
monitored
regularly;
fires and logging
under control
Phyto-sanitary cutting (cutting of damaged
parts) of entire park territory and
rehabilitation of damaged forests in Valbona
area.
DFS,
communes
2015-2016/ One year
sustainable
Traditional
Forest service’s
carried out
regularly
Forestation with pine, fir or spruce of
burned sites in Valbona area
DFS, commune
2015/Periodic if fires
occurs
Traditional,
sustainable
Increase of
regenerated
natural forest
land
Burned areas
reduced

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3. 4.5 Promote scientific research and education
By implementing the actions below, the expectation is that:
 Different studies and assessment of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems are carried out involving
local, national and international projects levels. Educational and professional practices related
to agriculture, tourism and protected area management are implemented, including excursions
for local schools within the protected area.
Management actions
Responsible
Institution
Period/ Duration
Management
zone
Indicators
Encourage research that will provide knowledge of the values of the protected area and inform its management
Update periodically the existing
habitat map according Natura
2000; reflect on habitat map all
environmental developments
within park area.
DFS; Research and
Academic
Institutions,
Permanent
/regularly
All zones
Periodical updated, and
detailed habitat map for
the National Park
according Natura 2000
categorization
Carry out a study on medicinal
plants in the area in order to
update the existing data
DFS; Research and
Academic
Institutions
2015/ Periodically
All zones
Study report on medicinal
plants of the park
Carry out a study and periodical
monitoring of park flora and
fauna in order to update the
existing data
DFS; Research and
Academic
Institutions
2015/ Permanent
All zones
Study report on park flora
and fauna
Develop educational and
promotional programs
(professional practices programs)
for local schools and local
communities
DFS and Schools
Permanent/2 days/
year/school
Sustainable
Traditional
Lectures, events,
contests, and other
extracuricular activities
related to park
Carry out periodical studies and
monitoring of water quality in
the entire park area and drinking
water parameters Valbona River,
Ceremi stream, Motina Stream.
DFS, Research and
Academic
Institutions, Public
Health Institute,
MARDWA
Permanent/
Periodically
All zones
Periodical report on
water parameters, quality
and ecology
Identification of rare species and
habitats and develop the
recovery programme.
MoE
2015-2016/1 year
All zones
The Recovery programme
prepared and approved.
Identify the threatened and
endemic plants and flora
locations and undertake
measures for protection
DFS, researches
2015-2017
All zones
List of the threatened
plants and flora’
Protection measures
identified
Improve public awareness, understanding and appreciation of the environments of the protected area and the potential
impacts of human activities on these environments
Organize forest and pasture
users trainings on sustainable
economic activities
DFS MC communes
2015-2016/12
months
N. A.
Number of people trained
Number of people
employed
Support local NGOs and media
on awareness raising activities
DFS
Permanent/
Permanent
N. A.
Increased cooperation
and engagement of
stakeholders in the
administration of the PA.
Produce posters, year calendar
of events including religious
activities, information leaflets,
for promoting the area.
Production of visitor guide.
DFS
First year all; after
that only calendar,
posters and
events/60 days/year
N. A.
Posters, leaflets, program
on walks, guides, etc.
produced and
disseminated
Management actions
Responsible
Period/ Duration
Management
Indicators

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Institution
zone
Encourage research that will provide knowledge of the values of the protected area and inform its management
Update periodically the existing
habitat map according Natura
2000; reflect on habitat map all
environmental developments
within park area.
DFS; Research and
Academic
Institutions,
Permanent
/regularly
All zones
Periodical updated, and
detailed habitat map for
the National Park
according Natura 2000
categorization
Carry out a study on medicinal
plants in the area in order to
update the existing data
DFS; Research and
Academic
Institutions
2015/ Periodically
All zones
Study report on medicinal
plants of the park
Carry out a study and periodical
monitoring of park flora and
fauna in order to update the
existing data
DFS; Research and
Academic
Institutions
2015/ Permanent
All zones
Study report on park flora
and fauna
Develop educational and
promotional programs
(professional practices programs)
for local schools and local
communities
DFS and Schools
Permanent/2 days/
year/school
Sustainable
Traditional
Lectures, events,
contests, and other
extracuricular activities
related to park
Carry out periodical studies and
monitoring of water quality in
the entire park area and drinking
water parameters Valbona River,
Ceremi stream, Motina Stream.
DFS, Research and
Academic
Institutions, Public
Health Institute,
MARDWA
Permanent/
Periodically
All zones
Periodical report on
water parameters, quality
and ecology
Identification of rare species and
habitats and develop the
recovery programme.
MoE
2015-2016/1 year
All zones
The Recovery programme
prepared and approved.
Identify the threatened and
endemic plants and flora
locations and undertake
measures for protection
PA staff, DFS,
researches
2015-2017
All zones
List of the threatened
plants and flora’
Protection measures
identified
Improve public awareness, understanding and appreciation of the environments of the protected area and the potential
impacts of human activities on these environments
Organize forest and pasture
users trainings on sustainable
economic activities
DFS Management
committee,
communes
2015-2016/12
months
N. A.
Number of people trained
Number of people
employed
Support local NGOs and media
on awareness raising activities
DFS
Permanent/
Permanent
N. A.
Increased cooperation
and engagement of
stakeholders in the
administration of the PA.
Produce posters, year calendar
of events including religious
activities, information leaflets,
for promoting the area.
Production of visitor guide.
DFS
First year all; after
that only calendar,
posters and
events/60 days/year
N. A.
Posters, leaflets, program
on walks, guides, etc.
produced and
disseminated

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3.5 Management Actions for Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve
Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve is classified as category I according IUCN Categorisation; due to this
classification the activities in this protected area are limited compared to the National Park
categorisaton.
Based on the long- and short-term objectives and the status in the area, the proposed actions are
focused on the management of the protected area and the authorised scientific research within the
area. Other activities should not be present within the Strict Nature Reserve.
For each of the long-term objectives and for the correspondent short-term objectives a series of actions
are envisaged to be implemented to ensure that the objectives are met. In this chapter, each action
identified to achieve the objectives, is presented in tables in the form of Actions Plans.
For each of the actions the following elements are identified:
 responsible authority(ies) in charge of implementation;
 expected time frame and duration;
 relevant management zone;
 objective verifiable indicators;
Two Action Plans are presented in the next section corresponding to the long- and short-term objectives
identified.

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3. 5.1 Strengthen the protected area management system
By implementing the actions below, the expectation is that:
 The protected area are supervised and managed in a professional and effective way by the DFS.
A high level of management is performed by trained staff available at the local administration.
 All local stakeholders are involved in a participatory process to contribute to the sustainable
management of the protected area, protecting and preserving the natural ecosystems of the
Strict Nature Reserve.

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Management actions
Responsible
Institution
Period/ Duration
Management
zones
Indicators
Enforce the provisions of law to seasonal visitors and users of Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve Area
Establish cooperation with
transboundary of PA
administration in Kosovo and
Montenegro; Prepare MoU for PA
and wildlife protection.
MoE, DFS,
Municipalities
2015/1year
N.A
MoU approved and
signed by all parts.
Enforce the ban on hunting.
DFS, SIEFW,
State Police
Permanent/ Permanent
All zones
No. of identified
case of illegal
hunting
No. and type of
sanctions applied
and executed for
illegal hunting
Improved co-
operation
Identify and inspect the banned
activities inside the PA; periodical
monitoring of the area; Impose
fines for violation of the closure
decision
DFS, SIEFW,
Municipalities
and Communes
Permanent/ Permanent
All zones
No. of fines
collected.
Regular monitoring
of the sites of the
closed activities.
Monitor the
increase of the
rehabilitated
surface area
Control, prevent and follow up on
fires in forests and pastures,
prosecute authors of intentional
fires. Coordinate fire control with
Communes and DFS.
DFS, Communes
Permanently/Permanent
All zones
No of cases
identified and
sanctions
No. of fines
collected.
Control the grazing activity in the
buffer zone and the impacts on the
strict nature reserve.
DFS, SIEFW,
Permanent/ Permanent
All zones
Grazing activity
banned within the
area and controlled
in the buffer zone.
No and type of
sanctions applied
and executed.
Ban all seasonal human activities
inside the reserve territory.
Impose fines for the activities in
order to respect the status of the
area.
Continuous monitoring of people
entrance within the protected
area. Establish a monitoring point
in Markovce area.
DFS, MC,
Communes,
SIEFW
Permanent/ Permanent
(June-August)
All zones
Seasonal human
activities within the
PA effectively
controlled;
No. of sanctions
applied and
executed for illegal
activities.
Entrances in the
area monitored
continuously.
Control and regulate medicinal
plants collection outside the
reserve (buffer zone). Enforce the
ban of medicinal plants according
to the reserve status. Monitoring
of impact into the strict nature
reserve. Collection fees for
medicinal herbs collection.
DFS
SIEFW
Permanent/ During summer
season
All zones
Collection of
medicinal plants
under DFS control.
Fees collected
regularly.
Volume of fees
collected
No. of sanctions

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imposed and
executed
Licenses issued for regular and
correct medicinal herbs collection
to the authorized persons or group
of persons based in villages they
represent outside the reserve –
buffer zone.
DFS, SIEFW
2015 – 2016/ one year
(continuously)
N.A.
Medicinal herbs
collection organized
in villages and
under control.
No. of authorized
persons/groups per
village.
Manage and control the
existing/heritage stables within the
strict nature reserve.
Prevention of construction of new
stables in the area.
DFS, Commune,
SIEFW
Permanent/permanent
(especially during summer)
All zones
Stables under
control and
managed effectively
Minimize the logging by seasonal
stable owners; use of the damaged
trees for their individual needs.
DFS, Communes
Permanent/permanent
All zones
Ban of logging;
Use of the damaged
trees for individual
consumption.
Establishment of a Joint
Management Committee for the
Alps with membership from local
and central stakeholders.
MoE
2015/1year
N.A
MC established and
operative
Increase the effectiveness of protected area management system by strengthening relevant institutions towards an effective
law enforcement and prosecution service for violation of environmental requirements
Provide on job training for DFS
staff, commune staff.
MoE
2015-2020/15 days/year
N.A.
Job performance
improvement of the
key staff;
number of trainings
and number of
trained staff
Create and keep update a webpage
for the Alps area, including a
regular newsletter
DSF
Permanent/20 days/year in
the first year, and 10
days/year in the following
years
N.A.
Web page of the PA
created and in
function, regularly
updated
Equip the DFS staff supervising the
reserve with PA uniforms;
MoE, and DFS
2015 – 2016/1 year
N.A.
Equipped staff with
Stict nature reserve
uniforms.
Strengthen the co-operation among communes, forestry, and other local stakeholders.
Prepare and approve a MoU for
cooperation transboundaiy
authorities for effective
management, preservation and
conservation of the entire Alps
area.
MoE, Qark,
Local
government
2015
N.A
Cooperation plan
prepared and
approved
Organize study tours to EU PA in
which strict nature reserve
responsible persons at DFS may
take part.
MoE
2015-2016/10-15 days
N.A.
Increased efficiency
of DFS staff
Exchange periodical visits in
trounsboundary protected areas
“Prokletije” National Park in
Montenegro and “Bjeshket e
Namuna” National Park in Kosovo.
MoE
2015-2016/10-15visits
N.A
Increased of
efficiency of strict
nature reserve staff.
Management
experiences shared
between countries.

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3. 5.2 Promote scientific research and education
By implementing the actions below, the expectation is that:
 Different studies and assessments of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems are carried out involving
local, national and international projects. Educational and professional practices related to
agriculture, tourism and protected area management are implemented, including excursions for
local schools within the protected area.

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Management actions
Responsible
Institution
Period/ Duration
Management
zone
Indicators
Encourage research that will provide knowledge of the values of the protected area and inform its management
Update periodically the existing
habitat map according Natura
2000; reflect on habitat map all
environmental developments
within strict nature reserve area.
DFS; Research and
Academic
Institutions,
Permanent
/regularly
All zones
Periodical updated, and
detailed habitat map for
the National Park
according Natura 2000
categorization
Carry out a study on medicinal
plants in the area in order to
update the existing data
DFS; Research and
Academic
Institutions
2015/ Periodically
All zones
Study report on medicinal
plants of the strict nature
reserve.
Carry out a study and periodical
monitoring of park flora and fauna
in order to update the existing data
DFS; Research and
Academic
Institutions
2015/ Permanent
All zones
Study report on strict
nature reserve flora and
fauna
Carry out periodical studies and
monitoring of water quality in the
entire reserve area and drinking
water parameters in Gashi River,
Balcina Stream, Lugu i Vocit Stream,
Javorri Stream.
DFS, Research and
Academic
Institutions, Public
Health Institute,
MARDWA
Permanent/
Periodically
All zones
Periodical report on
water parameters, quality
and ecology
Identification of rare and endemic
species and habitats and develop
the recovery programme.
MoE
2015-2016/1 year
All zones
The Recovery programme
prepared and approved.
Identify the threatened and
endemic plants and flora locations
and undertake measures for
protection
DFS, researches
2015-2017
All zones
List of the threatened
plants and flora’
Protection measures
identified
Improve public awareness, understanding and appreciation of the environments of the protected area and the potential
impacts of human activities on these environments
Organize awareness activities and
trainings for seasonal inhabitants of
Bjeshket e Gashit area.
DFS MC, communes
2015-2016/12
months
N. A.
Number of people
trained
Support to local NGOs and media
on awareness raising activities
DFS
Permanent/
Permanent
N. A.
Increased cooperation
and engagement of
stakeholders in the
administration of the PA.
Produce posters, information
leaflets and brochures, for
promoting the area.
DFS
First year all; after
that only calendar,
posters and
events/60
days/year
N. A.
Posters, leaflets, program
on walks, guides, etc.
produced and
disseminated

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PART 4: FINANCIAL PLAN
4.1 Staffing needs for Thethi National Park
Recruitment of additional and new staff for DFS is needed and is indicated as one of the actions to
implement this plan.
The following positions are needed for the DFS in Shkodra:
 Four employees and their education should be as follows: two forest engineers, one biologist
and one communication expert.
 These employees will help in flora and fauna conservation from the damages, guiding touristic
groups; improve the park management, etc.
Ministry should plan additional expenses for salaries and social security contributions for DFS in
Shkodra. These costs are approximately 5.37 per cent of the total cost needed to implement the
management plan.
4.2 Financial Plan for Thethi National Park
Government (MoE) through the Regional Directorate of Forests and Pastures) is still management
agency for PAs, which means that PAs have to compete with other important sectors for public funds.
The total costs require for the implementation of the Management Plan amount to 1,447,250 EUR.
Table 10 shows that the funding requirements for implementing the management plan varying among
years from 427,102EUR for the year 2014 to 195,882 EUR for the year 2018. The annual total costs for
implementation of the management plan are not divided uniformly for the period 2015 – 2019.
Implementation of the plan requires more funds in the first and the second year than in the coming
years. The Ministry should immediately reflect in the mid-term budget 2015-2017 the funds required
for implementation of the management plan.
Because the management plan is divided into programs and activities, the assessment of the costs was
done for each activity. In one specific excel worksheet the costs of the activities for every program
(Annex III) are calculated.
Money is required for annual operating budgets, capital investment, protection enforcement, tourism
development, staff training, community development and public awareness, research, as well as other
activities. The greater expenses are needed for the program “Develop sustainable agriculture and
socio-economic development” and program “Develop the recreational and touristic offer”, respectively
39.03% and 25.77% of the total costs (Table 18). However, to begin implementation of the
management plan requires substantial increase of funds for program management and administration
for the year 2015.
Based on the calculations it results that the Ministry should allocate additional fund from the state
budget for operational costs and investments to the protected area of Thethi National Park. The lack of

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adequate financial resources is one of the main constraints to the effective management of PAs. The
salary and social insurance of the existing staff are not included in the calculation.
Table 18: Budget according to programs and fiscal years for Thethi National Park Area
Programme Total 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
As % to
total
Strengthen the protected area management system 252,510 122,732 50,032 26,532 26,582 26,632 17.45
Enforce the provisions of any existing legal and sub legal act to visitors and users of
Thethi National Park Area
16,050 3,210 3,210 3,210 3,210 3,210 1.11
Increase the effectiveness of protected area management system by strengthening
relevant institutions towards an effective law enforcement and prosecution service for
violation of environmental requirements
212,260 107,472 36,772 22,622 22,672 22,722 14.67
Strengthen the co-operation among communes, forestry, and other local stakeholders 24,200 12,050 10,050 700 700 700 1.67
Increase habitats and biodiversity protection and conservation 191,700 55,000 44,300 30,800 30,800 30,800 13.25
Ensure that the diversity of species and the ecosystems processes in the protected
area are not adversely affected by human activities
6,500 6,500 0.45
Promote the maintenance of high water quality; prevent the degradation and
deterioration of habitats
172,000 42,500 42,500 29,000 29,000 29,000 11.88
Foster broad community stewardship and commitment to the conservation of species
of specific level of protection
13,200 6,000 1,800 1,800 1,800 1,800 0.91
Development the recreation and touristic offer 372,940 99,820 82,620 64,500 63,000 63,000 25.77
Provide for the operation of low impact tourism activities which add to the recreational
and educational experience of protected area users
14,700 11,700 1,500 1,500 1.02
Ensure that tourist operations do not negatively impact on the ecological and cultural
heritage values of the protected area
333,240 75,120 75,120 61,000 61,000 61,000 23.03
Ensure that tourism is carried out in an ecologically sustainable manner 25,000 13,000 6,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 1.73
Develop sustainable agriculture and socio-economic development 564,900 134,150 145,750 138,000 64,500 82,500 39.03
Promote sustainable agriculture and farming 127,300 51,580 36,180 18,180 10,680 10,680 8.80
Promote ecologically and economically sound management of all grazing lands 37,500 9,750 9,750 8,000 5,000 5,000 2.59
Promote beekeeping, medical plants cultivation and sustainable livelihood 310,600 51,320 78,320 96,320 33,320 51,320 21.46
Support to sustainable Forestry 74,500 18,500 18,500 12,500 12,500 12,500 5.15
Support to sustainable Fishery 15,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 1.04
Promote scientific research and education 65,200 15,400 15,400 12,400 11,000 11,000 4.51
Encourage research that will provide knowledge of the values of the protected area
and inform its management
36,000 9,000 9,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 2.49
Improve public awareness, understanding and appreciation of the environments of the
protected area and the potential impacts of human activities on these environments
29,200 6,400 6,400 6,400 5,000 5,000 2.02
Grand Total 1,447,250 427,102 338,102 272,232 195,882 213,932 100.00

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4.3 Staffing needs for Valbona Valley National Park
Recruitment of additional and new staff for DFS is needed and is indicated as one of the actions to
implement this plan.
The following positions are needed for the Kukësi DFS/ Tropoja Section:
 Four employees and their education should be as follows: three forest engineers, one tourism
expert.
 These employees will help in flora and fauna conservation from the damages, guiding touristic
groups; improve the services for tourists, improve the park management, etc.
Ministry should plan additional expenses for salaries and social security contributions for Kukësi DFS/
Tropoja Section. These costs are approximately 5.47 per cent of the total cost needed to implement the
management plan.
4.4 Financial Plan for Valbona Valley National Park
Government (MoE) through the Regional Directorate of Forests and Pastures) is still management
agency for PAs, which means that PAs have to compete with other important sectors for public funds.
The total costs require for the implementation of the Management Plan amount to 1,420,450 EUR.
Table 10 shows that the funding requirements for implementing the management plan varying among
years from 383,112EUR for the year 2014 to 197,242 EUR for the year 2018. The annual total costs for
implementation of the management plan are not divided uniformly for the period 2015–2019.
Implementation of the plan requires more funds in the first and the second year than in the coming
years. The Ministry should immediately reflect in the mid-term budget 2015-2017 the funds required
for implementation of the management plan.
Because the management plan is divided into programs and activities, the assessment of the costs was
done for each activity. In one specific excel worksheet the costs of the activities for every program
(Annex IV) are calculated.
Money is required for annual operating budgets, capital investment, protection enforcement, tourism
development, staff training, community development and public awareness, research, as well as other
activities. The greater expenses are needed for the program “Develop sustainable agriculture and
socio-economic development” and program “Develop the recreational and touristic offer”, respectively
33.36% and 32.94% of the total costs (Table 19). However, to begin implementation of the
management plan requires substantial increase of funds for program management and administration
for the year 2015.
Based on the calculations it results that the Ministry should allocate additional funds from the state
budget for operational costs and investments to the protected area of Valona Valley National Park. The
lack of adequate financial resources is one of the main constraints to the effective management of PAs.
The salary and social insurance of the existing staff are not included in the calculation.

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Table 19: Budget according to programs and fiscal years for Valbona Valley National Park Area
4.5 Staffing needs for Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve
Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve and Valbona Valley NP are supervised by the DFS of Kuksi/Tropoja
Section. Aditional staff needed for Valbona Valley NP management and the existing staff of the DFS are
sufficient for the supervision and management of Gashi River SNR; thus there is no need to recruit
additional staff to implement management plan for Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve.
4. 6 Financial Plan for Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve
Government (MoE) through the Regional Directorate of Forests and Pastures) is still management
agency for PAs, which means that PAs have to compete with other important sectors for public funds.
The total costs require for the implementation of the Management Actions for Gashi River Strict Nature
Programme Total 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
As % to
total
Strengthen the protected area management system 235,210 101,792 54,692 26,192 26,242 26,292 16.56
Enforce the provisions of any existing legal and sub legal act to visitors and users of
Thethi National Park Area
17,850 3,570 3,570 3,570 3,570 3,570 1.26
Increase the effectiveness of protected area management system by strengthening
relevant institutions towards an effective law enforcement and prosecution service for
violation of environmental requirements
196,660 86,872 41,772 22,622 22,672 22,722 13.84
Strengthen the co-operation among communes, forestry, and other local stakeholders 20,700 11,350 9,350 1.46
Increase habitats and biodiversity protection and conservation 169,200 45,700 36,500 29,000 29,000 29,000 11.91
Ensure that the diversity of species and the ecosystems processes in the protected
area are not adversely affected by human activities
5,000 5,000 0.35
Promote the maintenance of high water quality; prevent the degradation and
deterioration of habitats
160,000 36,500 36,500 29,000 29,000 29,000 11.26
Foster broad community stewardship and commitment to the conservation of species
of specific level of protection
4,200 4,200 0.30
Development the recreation and touristic offer 467,940 121,520 91,320 92,700 71,200 91,200 32.94
Provide for the operation of low impact tourism activities which add to the recreational
and educational experience of protected area users
14,700 11,700 1,500 1,500 1.03
Ensure that tourist operations do not negatively impact on the ecological and cultural
heritage values of the protected area
435,240 103,820 83,820 89,200 69,200 89,200 30.64
Ensure that tourism is carried out in an ecologically sustainable manner 18,000 6,000 6,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 1.27
Develop sustainable agriculture and socio-economic development 473,900 96,900 121,500 126,500 58,000 71,000 33.36
Promote sustainable agriculture and farming 74,300 24,580 22,180 14,180 6,680 6,680 5.23
Promote ecologically and economically sound management of all grazing lands 54,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 9,000 9,000 3.80
Promote beekeeping, medical plants cultivation and sustainable livelihood 305,600 50,320 77,320 95,320 32,320 50,320 21.51
Support to sustainable Forestry 40,000 10,000 10,000 5,000 10,000 5,000 2.82
Promote scientific research and education 74,200 17,200 17,200 14,200 12,800 12,800 5.22
Encourage research that will provide knowledge of the values of the protected area
and inform its management
45,000 10,800 10,800 7,800 7,800 7,800 3.17
Improve public awareness, understanding and appreciation of the environments of the
protected area and the potential impacts of human activities on these environments
29,200 6,400 6,400 6,400 5,000 5,000 2.06
Grand Total 1,420,450 383,112 321,212 288,592 197,242 230,292 100.00

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Reserve amount to 145,410 EUR. Table 10 shows that the funding requirements for implementing the
management plan varying among years from 49,300EUR for the year 2015 to 20,020 EUR for the years
2017-2019. The annual total costs for implementation of the management plan are not divided
uniformly for the period 2015–2019. Implementation of the plan requires more funds in the first and
the second year than in the coming years. The Ministry should immediately reflect in the mid-term
budget 2015-2017 the funds required for implementation of the management plan.
Because the management plan is divided into programs and activities, the assessment of the costs was
done for each activity. In one specific excel worksheet the costs of the activities for every program
(Annex III) are calculated.
Funds are needed for the implementation of the two programs: “Strengthen the protected area
management system” and “Promote scientific research and education”. Funds are required for annual
operating budgets, protection enforcement, staff training, study tours, community development and
public awareness, research, as well as other activities. Requested funds for both programs are
respectively 53.68% and 46.32% of the total costs (Table 20). However, to begin implementation of the
management plan requires increase of funds for program management and administration for the year
2015.
Based on the calculations it results that the Ministry should allocate additional funds from the state
budget for operational costs and scientific research to Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve. The lack of
adequate financial resources is one of the main constraints to the effective management of PAs. The
salary and social insurance of the existing staff are not included in the calculation.
Table 20: Budget according to programs and fiscal years for Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve
Programme Total 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
As % to
total
Strengthen the protected area management system 78,050 31,820 18,570 9,220 9,220 9,220 53.68
Enforce the provisions of any existing legal and sub legal act to visitors and users of Thethi
National Park Area
20,000 5,600 3,600 3,600 3,600 3,600 13.75
Increase the effectiveness of protected area management system by strengthening
relevant institutions towards an effective law enforcement and prosecution service for
violation of environmental requirements
33,850 14,170 4,920 4,920 4,920 4,920 23.28
Strengthen the co-operation among communes, forestry, and other local stakeholders 24,200 12,050 10,050 700 700 700 16.64
Promote scientific research and education 67,360 17,480 17,480 10,800 10,800 10,800 46.32
Encourage research that will provide knowledge of the values of the protected area and
inform its management
35,000 8,800 8,800 5,800 5,800 5,800 24.07
Improve public awareness, understanding and appreciation of the environments of the
protected area and the potential impacts of human activities on these environments
32,360 8,680 8,680 5,000 5,000 5,000 22.25
Grand Total 145,410 49,300 36,050 20,020 20,020 20,020 100.00

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PART 5: MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF MANAGEMENT
Monitoring and evaluation plans help managers evaluate the effectiveness of the management
strategies, and create the data necessary for implementing adaptive management measures.
Monitoring and evaluation should focus on measuring the success of biodiversity conservation,
contribution to mitigating major threats, the implementation of activities or tasks, and the results of
management practices.
Monitoring and evaluation under Albanian Apls management plan takes into consideration the fact that
this is the first management plan ever prepared for the protected areas included, although the sites
have been designated as protected areas since 1996. The effective implementation of this
management plan is a real challenge, provided the current legal and institutional arrangements related
to protected areas administration and management in Albania, as well as the existing conditions and
threats to nature and cultural assets of the the tree protected areas within Albanian Alps. However, the
implementation of the first management plan may be strengthened by increasing the participation of
all stakeholders and local communities in the whole management planning process, including
monitoring and evaluation. Participatory monitoring and evaluation (PME) is a process, composed of
four phases that aims to an improved joint management of the protected areas.
 Phase 1: Preparation includes agreement on the PME process, identification of criteria and
indicators to be monitored and evaluated.
 Phase 2: Data Collection on indicators through interviews and documents.
 Phase 3: Analysis and Interpretation, through joint analysis, giving value to indicators, initial
recommendations and preparation of M&E draft report.
 Phase 4: Feedback and Validation (sharing results, recommend actions to improve the PA
management, validating the assessment).

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Figure 2: Participatory monitoring and evaluation process (adapted from Hockings et al. 2006)
The key words for Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) process are criteria and indicators, therefore
setting up a set of criteria and indicators in a participatory approach are crucial for an effective M&E of
the management plan implementation. In order to measure the effectiveness of the implementation of
actions of the MP towards those targets, a number of indicators are set up to be monitored and
evaluated for each of the protected areas (Thethi National Park, Valbona Valley National Park and
Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve). The effectiveness of MP implementation over the next five years has
to be measured by local administration in collaboration with other local stakeholders by filling step by
step the Management Effectiveness Tracking Sheets (METS).
5.1 Monitoring & Evaluation of Thethi National Park Management Actions
The METS for Thethi National Park as proposed by this management plan is given in the following table
(Table 21).

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Table 21: Management Effectiveness Tracking Sheet for Thethi NP Management Plan
Program / Objective / Strategic Action
Indicators
0 = not started; 1 = in
process; 2 = completed
Realization
Evaluation /
Modification /
Remarks
0
1
2
1
Program 1: Strengthen the protected area management system
1.1
Objective
Enforce the provisions of any existing legal and sub legal act for visitors
and users of Thethi National Park Area.
Strategic action
1
Establish cooperation with trans boundary PA
administration in Montenegro. Prepare MoU for PA and
wildlife protection.
MoU approved and signed by all
parts
2
Enforce of the law on hunting
No. of identified case of illegal
hunting
No. and type of sanctions applied and
executed for illegal hunting
Improved co-operation
3
Identify and inspect the banned activities inside the PA;
periodical monitoring of the area recovering; Impose
fines for violation of the law related activities within the
PA.
No. of fines collected.
Regular monitoring of the sites of the
closed activities.
Monitor the increase of the
rehabilitated surface area
4
Control and prevention of fires in forests and pasture
areas, prosecute authors of induced fires. Coordinate fire
control mechanisms with Communes, DFS and land
owners.
No of cases identified and sanctions
No. of fines collected.
5
Control and regulate grazing activities making sure
management plan recommendation are respected
Volume of fees imposed and
collected in the non-core zone.
No and type of sanctions applied and
executed.
No and type of sanctions applied and
executed in the core zone.
6
Control all human activities inside the park territory.
Collect fees for all permitted activities, according to
management regime in entire park area.
Human activities within the PA
effectively controlled;
Volume of fees collected for
permitted activities;
No. of cases with violation of permit
(extend beyond the permit)
No. of sanctions applied and
executed for illegal activities.
7
Reconsider the current requests for 5 Hydropower
constructions along Shala River. Make sure EIA reports
are prepared
Hydropower requests revised
carefully by authorised and
professional authorities.
8
Control the communal forest management by the
communes.
Communal forest managed
sustainably and correctly
9
Control and regulate medicinal plants collection. Enforce
the ban of medicinal plants where foreseen and regulate
medicinal plant collection in other zones and subzones
according to the MP and park zoning, especially for
endemic herbs in Shala and Thethi areas. Collection of
fees for medicinal herbs collection.
Collection of medicinal plants under
DFS control.
Fees collected regularly.
Volume of fees collected
No. of sanctions imposed and
executed
10
Control and discipline of funds/incomes obtained by all
activities within the park area such as medicinal herbs
collection, hunting, logging fees.
Funds from natural resources use
under control
11
Introduce a licenses scheme for medicinal herbs
collection for persons or group of persons based on
Medicinal herbs collection organized
in villages and under control.

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villages they represent.
No. of authorized persons/groups per
village.
12
Control and regulate recreational activities inside the
park territory, especially those linked with visitor routes
in Grunas Fall, Grunas Canyon, Okoli springs, Gjecaj Fall,
Blue eye in Nderhysa/Kaprre area (buffer zone of NP).
Collect fees for services provided.
Establishment of solid waste collection system.
Recreational activities under DFS
control.
Volume of fees collected
No. of fines imposed and collected
pursuant to the law on waste
13
Clarify the rights, obligations and tasks for Communes as
owner of forest and pasture and those of DFS as
responsible of management of public forests and pasture
lands;
Clarified competences of Communes,
DFSs and users/farmers Effective
control of entire area
14
Establishment of a Joint Management Committee for the
park areas (list) with membership from local and central
authorities and stakeholders.
MC established and operational
1.2
Objective
Increase the effectiveness of protected area management system by
strengthening relevant institutions towards an effective law
enforcement and prosecution service for violation of environmental
requirements
Strategic action
1
Define the need for investments in private owned land
within the park area. Improve the management of
incomes among private owners, DFSs and Communes.
Share of investments between Land
owners/forest and pasture owners.
Incomes managed effectively
2
Recruit additional staff for DFS in Shkodra four
employees are needed: 1 communication expert; 2
forest engineers and 1 biologist.
An effective park authority in place;
4 additional staff employed
3
Provide on the job training for DFS staff, commune staff.
Job performance improvement of the
key staff;
Number of trainings and number of
trained staff
4
Train community representatives on: planning and
supervision of activities, joint action for fires prevention,
monitoring and response, application of sanctions, and
provision of support to individuals to enhance their fire
management tasks.
No of trainings realized.
No. of trained people.
Park activities supervised
professionally
5
Improve mobility and operation of the staff and rangers
at DFS in Shkodra, through purchasing of: 4 motorbikes
and one 4x4 vehicle, 1 GPS, 1 Binoculars, 1 professional
camera
All equipment purchased and put
into operation; increased
performance of park staff and
rangers
6
Create and regularly update a joint webpage for the Alps
area, including a regular newsletter
Web page of the PA created and in
function, regularly updated
1.3
Objective
Strengthen the co-operation among communes, forestry, and other local
stakeholders.
Strategic action
1
Prepare and approve a memorandum of cooperation
between Montenegro international authorities for
effective management of the entire park area.
Cooperation plan prepared and
approved
2
Organize study tours to EU protected areas for local
stakeholders and DFS staff
Increased efficiency of DFS staff
3
Exchange periodical visits in transboundary protected
areas in Albania and Montenegro.
Increased efficiency of PA staff,
Management
Program 2: Increase habitat and biodiversity protection and conservation
2.1
Objective
Ensure that the diversity of species and the ecosystems processes in the
protected area are not adversely affected by human activities
Strategic action
1
Evaluate the possibility to introduce an entrance fee to
the Protected Area, including a waste collection fee for
Solid waste in the process of control,
money generated for DSF and

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tourists. The appropriate areas for the establishment of
structures for the collection of the entrance fee are Qafe
Thore and Shkembi i Thethit
Communes
2
Identify the traditional livestock sheep breeds (e.g.
“Merinos” sheep).
The traditional livestock breed well
defined;
2.2
Objective
Promote the maintenance of high water quality; prevent the
degradation and deterioration of habitats
Strategic action
1
Establishment and maintenance of waste containers in
the Protected Area along trails, near monuments, etc.;
with priority to Camp of Thethi Field
Containers established and in
function
2
Rehabilitation of natural springs /fountains in park area
in Camp of Thethi Field and Micani spring
Natural springs/fountains
rehabilitated
3
Identify measures for erosion prevention and control.
Integration of biological and technical measures for
erosion prevention and control.
Reduction of erosion and
sedimentation load into water
sources
4
Forestation with pine (Pinus nigra) in entire park area
and banks construction (banks with stones, with
concrete belts and wire net) for the erosion prevention
in park with high priority to Shellinza stream and Gjecaj
stream.
Erosion prevent measures in place
Increased forest surfaces
Reduction of eroded areas
2.3
Objective
Foster broad community stewardship, and commitment to the
conservation of species of specific level of protection
Strategic action
1
Identify suitable sites near water sources as future
protected sites for fish reproduction purposes, mainly at
Thethi springs
Site protected proclamation by
Minister Order
2
Determine corridors for wildlife to freely move through
Montenegro. Maintenance of existing corridors of Shtegu
i dhenve, Qafa e Valbones.
Entrances and breeding zones
identified;
Existing corridors well maintained.
3
Identify sites of high/special protection for endangered
species as Lynx, Chamois, Roe deer, Brown bear, and
Golden eagle; most important sites should be located at
Radohima, Peja area, Zorzi, Shtegu i dhenve, Kurora e
Thethit.
Sites of special protection for
endangered species defined and
approved
3
Program 3: Develop the recreational and touristic offer
3.1
Objective
Provide for the operation of low impact tourism activities which add to
the recreational and educational experience of protected area users
Strategic action
1
Identification and analysis of actual tourism trend in
Thethi Field and Gjecaj; improvement of tourist
management.
Tourism managed and developed in
a sustainable way
2
Preparation of territorial planning and tourism
development plan for the park area.
Inter Local Plan prepared, and
approved
3
Prepare a feasibility study on the possibilities for guided
tours in the area. Provision of training to internal staff in
ecotourism guiding.
Increased number of visitors
3.2
Objective
Ensure that tourist operations do not negatively impact on the ecological
and cultural heritage values of the protected area
Strategic action
1
Establishment of trails, maps, guidelines printed,
orientation tables and signs demarcated in the entire
park area
Preferred places, rails trail crossings
inventoried, recorded in the guide
maps, timetables and index field
2
Keep record of the potentials use of natural resources
without affecting their ecological status (e.g. natural and
cultural monuments within and close to the park area.
Mountain tourism developed
sustainably
3
Promote cultural tourism, and eco tourism in a
sustainable manner
Touristic activities harmonised
4
Development of mountain tourism in a sustainable way
in park area
Mountain tourism developed and
promoted regularly
5
Definition of specific camping areas in Okol and Thethi
specific camping areas defined

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Field.
6
Establish and provide updated information on park
values at touristic information centre in Shkodra city.
Shared park information; Increased
number of visitors;
7
Maintenance of the trails to Thethi Field – Peja peak;
Qafe Thore – Shtegu i dhenve – Radohime – Malesi e
Madhe; Thethi Field – Qafa e Valbones – Rragam –
Valbona Valley; Kaprrej – Qafe Thore
Trails opened permanently; increase
of visitors
8
Maintenance of trails connecting the villages of the
entire PA as Grunas – Fushe Theth – Thethi Camp – Okol;
Gjelaj – Fushe Theth
Trails established and opened;
Increased cooperation/marketing
among villages and districts;
Increased number of visitors
9
Identify possible financial supports for the touristic
development of the natural ski field in Meadow of
Micenve; Nenrrethi meadows
Financial support potentials
identified
10
Provide trainings to DFS, Commune staff related
preparation of touristic guides, eco guides.
Number of trained persons;
increase of visitors number
11
Preparation work for parking places construction within
the protected area (Fushe Theth, Okol).
Improved parking and services to
park visitors
12
Maintenance and protection of nature monuments and
characteristic architecture of typical traditional houses in
entire Thethi area.
Monuments protected and
mantained; Traditional houses
maintained; Increased number of
visitors.
13
Identify financial support for reconstruction of old typical
houses; Adaption of new houses to mountain territory
features.
Typical houses reconstructed and in
function; Increased number of
visitors.
3.3
Objective
Ensure that tourism is carried out in an ecologically sustainable manner
Strategic action
1
Production and installation of information and park
interpretation panels
Interpretation panels produced;
Increased number of visitors
2
Establishment of signs and tables within the park area;
preparation specific leaflets about the park
Orientation of tourists within the
park;
Visitors informed about the park area
3
Preparation of nature guides/eco-guides suitable for
different interest-groups and age-groups
Different type of eco guides
produced and distributed
Increased number of visitors
4
Provide full inventory of natural and cultural monuments
in all the territory of PA and share maps catalogues with
locations and access ways.
Promotion material prepared and
distributed
4
Program 4: Develop sustainable agriculture and socio - economic activities
4.1
Objective
Promote sustainable agriculture and farming
Strategic action
1
Promote bio-farming and bio- agro -products in order to
reduce level of chemical fertilizers and pesticides
(provide training on organic farming) in entire PA area
Investigate financial support mechanisms rural
development schemes to promote organic farming
among farmers.
Increased land surface covered with
organic agriculture products (Bio –
products); increase of organic
farming products
2
Promote and support the traditional cultivation of
autochthonous potato of Thethi, white beans of Shala as
well other organic vegetables as beans, tomatoes and
pepper.
Increased local product production
and cultivated surface
3
Promotion of local production of vegetables, fruits, and
diaries with the well-known local names.
Increased organic local products
trade
4
Establishment of seasonal milk sub products processing
centres and their certification (seasonal diaries);
Improvement of processing technology in the existing
diaries in Fushe Thethi area
Improved processing technology and
product quality
5
Improve land use practices leading to topsoil recover and
better erosion control, through implementation schemes
for payment of environmental services
Pilot schemes implementation
started
6
Identify traditionally planted cultivars of potato and
white beans and undertake the first steps on seed
production
Cultivars traditionally planted
identified;
Increased seed production

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7
Support farmers to lessen the kind of foreign livestock
breeds especially sheep that are imported in recent years
and replace with traditional as for example “Merinos”
sheep
Decreased foreign livestock breed;
Increased traditional livestock breed
8
Installation of mangers for livestock in natural water
sources in Terthore Peja peak, Nenrrethi meadows.
Rehabilitation of mangers for livestock in Peja area.
Mangers for livestock established
Existing mangers rehabilitated
9
Cultivation and promotion of Chestnuts in the buffer
zone of the park, especially in Breglumi area.
Increase of cultivated surface;
increase marketing; increase local
incomes
10
Organisation of periodical/seasonal fairs in Shkodra area
promoting and marketing the local typical agriculture
and farming products of Thethi NP.
Local organic products promoted;
Increase of local incomes;
Increase of no. of visitors.
4.2
Objective
Promote ecologically and
economically sound management of
all grazing lands
Strategic action
1
Defining of grazing areas and their grazing capacity;
Establish a programme to appoint grazing areas based on
capacity of the area, especially those of Buni i Terthores
and Peja peak;
Grazing areas defined; grazing
capacity defined and controlled
2
Undertake pasture cleaning services, especially cleaning
from weeds, toxic herbs and stones, especially in Okol
and Peja areas.
Pasture surfaces well maintained
3
Establish models to support the seasonal stay in high
mountain pastures such as, infrastructure for shepherds
and seasonal stables for livestock in Terthore and Peja
peak. (Infrastructure for livestock temporary abode).
Temporary structures for shepherd
and livestock stay in place
4
Identify natural pasture sites for mowing purposes, in
order to provide the livestock nutrient base during
winter.
Natural pastures identified;
Increase of nutrients quantity for
livestock
4.3
Objective
Promote beekeeping, medical plants
cultivation and sustainable
livelihood
Strategic action
1
Encourage bee-keeping, production of high quality
honey, certification of such a product and its marketing;
Discourage the artificial nutrition of bees in order to
improve the honey quality
Increased bee hives and honey
production
Improved honey quality
2
Support beekeeping and facilitate the seasonal transport
of beehives, especially in Gjelaj, Nenrreth, Gjecaj villages.
Increased number of beekeepers;
increased quantity of honey
production
3
Limitations and control of grazing in areas of importance
for bee keeping and medicinal plants in the pastures of
park area.
Increased honey production;
increased natural surfaces of
medicinal herbs
4
Establishment of medicinal plants collection centre on
geographical basis mainly in Breglumi area.
Medicinal herbs commerce and
collection under control’
Collection centres established and in
function
5
Provide trainings to medicinal plants collectors in the
entire park area.
Number of trained persons;
Controlled medicinal herbs collection
6
Establish areas for cultivation of some medicinal plants
that are highly required by the market, as Orchids .
Increased surface of cultivations with
medicinal plants
7
Establish small scale medicinal plants processing centres
in Breglumi area.
Small scale processing centre
established
4.4
Objective
Support to sustainable Forestry
Strategic action
1
Periodical monitoring, maintenance and protection of
forests from diseases caused by chestnut cancer and
the pine processionary (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) in
pine forests.
Forests monitored regularly;
Tree diseases under control
2
Beech Forest improvementin antire park and especially
in Thethi area.
Forests maintained and under
control
3
Phyto-sanitary cutting (cutting of damaged parts) in
forests of entire park territory
Forest service’s carried out regularly

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4
Forestation of burned sites in Okol area
Increase of regenerated natural
forest land
Burned areas reduced
5
Establishment and maintenance of corridors (mainly in
Thethi area) for fire prevention.
Forest protection from fires.
Forests controlled periodically.
Habitat maintained correctly
4.5.
Objective
Support to sustainable Fishery
1
Provide help to authorised/licensed individuals for the
establishment of small hatcheries for trout increase in
Thethi springs and Okoli springs.
Aquaculture activity development;
Increase of Trout production and
marketing
Increase of visitors.
5
Program 5: Promote scientific research and education
5.1
Objective
Encourage research that will provide
knowledge of the values of the
protected area and inform its
management
Strategic action
1
Update periodically the existing habitat map according
Natura 2000; reflect on habitat map all environmental
developments within park area.
Periodical updated, and detailed
habitat map for the National Park
according Natura 2000 categorization
2
Carry out a study on medicinal plants in the area in order
to update the existing data
Study report on medicinal plants of
the park
3
Carry out a study and periodical monitoring of park flora
and fauna in order to update the existing data
Study report on park flora and fauna
4
Develop educational and promotional programs
(professional practices programs) for local schools and
local communities
Lectures, events, contests, and other
extracuricular activities related to
park
5
Carry out periodical studies and monitoring of water
quality in the entire park area and drinking water
parameters Micani and Okolareas/springs
Periodical report on water
parameters, quality and ecology
6
Identification of rare species and habitats and develop
the recovery programme.
The Recovery programme prepared
and approved.
7
Identify the threatened and endemic plants and flora
locations and undertake measures for protection
List of the threatened plants and
flora’
Protection measures identified
5.2
Objective
Improve public awareness,
understanding and appreciation of
the environments of the protected
area and the potential impacts of
human activities on these
environments
Strategic action
1
Organize forest and pasture users trainings on
sustainable economic activities
Number of people trained
Number of people employed
2
Support to local NGOs and media on awareness raising
activities
Increased cooperation and
engagement of stakeholders in the
administration of the PA.
3
Produce posters, year calendar of events including
religious activities, information leaflets, for promoting
the area. Production of visitor guide.
Posters, leaflets, program on walks,
guides, etc. produced and
disseminated
5.2 Monitoring & Evaluation of Valbona National Park Management Actions
The METS for Valbona National Park as proposed by this management plan is given in the following
table (Table 22).

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Table 22: Management Effectiveness Tracking Sheet for Valbona NP Management Plan
Program / Objective / Strategic Action
Indicators
0 = not started; 1 = in process;
2 = completed
Realization
Evaluation /
Modification /
Remarks
0
1
2
1
Program 1: Strengthen the protected area management system
1.1
Objective
Enforce the provisions of any existing legal and sub legal act for visitors and
users of Valbona Valley National Park Area.
Strategic action
1
Enforce of the law on hunting.
No. of identified case of illegal hunting
No. and type of sanctions applied and
executed for illegal hunting
Improved co-operation
2
Identify and inspect the banned activities inside the
PA; periodical monitoring of the area recovering;
Impose fines for violation of the closure decision
No. of fines collected.
Regular monitoring of the sites of the
closed activities.
Monitor the increase of the rehabilitated
surface area
3
Control, prevent and follow up on fires in forests
and pastures, prosecute authors of intentional fires.
Coordinate fire control with Communes, DFS and
land owners.
No of cases identified and sanctions
No. of fines collected.
4
Control and regulate grazing activities respecting
management plan recommendation.
Volume of fees imposed and collected in
the non-core zone
No and type of sanctions applied and
executed.
No and type of sanctions applied and
executed in the core zone.
5
Close the illegal quarry within Park territory (Qyteti
Shoshajt) and control the rehabilitation process
from the company.
Illegal quarry closed; area rehabilitated
6
Control all human activities inside the park territory.
Collect fees for all permitted activities, according to
management regime in entire park area.
Human activities within the PA effectively
controlled;
Volume of fees collected for permitted
activities;
No. of cases with violation of permit
(extend beyond the permit)
No. of sanctions applied and executed for
illegal activities.
7
Control of the quantity of water used for
hydropower activity; Monitor the environmental
impacts.
Hydropower activity revised carefully by
competent authorities
Environmental impact monitored closely.
8
Control the communal forest and pastures
management by the communes.
Communal forest managed sustainably
and correctly
9
Control and regulate medicinal plants collection.
Enforce the ban of medicinal plants according to the
MP and park zoning especially for the blueberry.
Collection fees for medicinal herbs collection.
Collection of medicinal plants under DFS
control.
Fees collected regularly.
Volume of fees collected
No. of sanctions imposed and executed
10
Control and discipline of funds/incomes obtained by
all activities within the park area such as medicinal
herbs collection, grazing, logging fees.
Funds from natural resources use under
control
11
Licenses issued for regular and correct medicinal
herbs collection to the authorized persons or group
Medicinal herbs collection organized in
villages and under control.

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of persons based in villages they represent.
No. of authorized persons/groups per
village.
12
Control and regulate recreational activities inside
the park territory, especially those linked with
visitor routes in Valbone – Theth; Dragobi – Gashi
River; Padesh – Gashi River. Collect fees for services
provided.
Establishment of solid waste collection system.
Recreational activities under DFS control.
Volume of fees collected
No. of fines imposed and collected
pursuant to the law on waste
13
Clarify the rights, obligations and tasks of
Communes as owner of forest and pasture for
communal forest, and those of DFS as management
authority of public forest and pasture land. Carry
out regular inspection and report;
Clarified competences of Communes, DFS,
Inspectorate and users/farmers Effective
control of entire area
14
Establishment of a joint Management Committee
for Alps area with membership of local authorities
and stakeholders.
MC established and operative
1.2
Objective
Increase the effectiveness of protected area management system by
strengthening relevant institutions towards an effective law enforcement and
prosecution service for violation of environmental requirements
Strategic action
1
Define the need for investments in private owned
land within the park area and incomes management
among private owners, DFSs and Communes.
Share of investments between Land
owners/forest and pasture owners
Incomes managed effectively
2
Recruit additional staff from the area, for Kuksi DFS/
Tropoja Section; four employees are needed: 1
Tourism expert; 3 forest engineers
An effective park authority in place;
4 additional staff employed
3
Provide in job training for DFS staff, commune staff.
Job performance improvement of the key
staff;
number of trainings and number of
trained staff
4
Train community representatives on planning and
supervision of activities, joint action for fire rescue
and prevention, fire monitoring and response,
applying sanctions, and providing support to
individuals to enhance their fire management tasks.
No of trainings realized
No. of trained people
Park activities supervised professionally
5
Improve mobility and operation of the staff and
rangers for DFS in Kuksi/Tropoja Section, through
purchasing 2 motorbikes one 4x4 vehicle, 1 GPS, 1
Binoculars,
All equipment purchased and put into
operation; increased performance of park
staff and rangers
6
Create and keep update a webpage for the Alps
area, including a regular newsletter
Web page of the PA created and in
function, regularly updated
7
Equip DFS staff with park uniforms; Establishment
of a guest house/building in Dragobi under Kuksi
DFS/Tropoja section.
Equipped staff with park uniforms. Guest
building established and in function
1.3
Objective
Strengthen the co-operation among communes, forestry, and other local
stakeholders.
Strategic action
1
Organize study tours to EU PA in which all local
stakeholders and DFS staff may take part
Increased efficiency of DFS staff
Program 2: Increase habitat and biodiversity protection and conservation
2.1
Objective
Ensure that the diversity of species and the ecosystems processes in the
protected area are not adversely affected by human activities
Strategic action
1
Evaluate the possibilities to introduce an entrance
fee to the Protected Area, including a garbage
collection fee for tourists; The appropriate area for
the establishment of structures for the collection of
the entrance fee is Shoshan (Qyteti i Shoshajve)
Solid waste in the process of control,
money generated for DSF and Communes

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2.2
Objective
Promote the maintenance of high water quality; prevent the degradation and
deterioration of habitats
Strategic action
1
Establishment and maintenance of waste containers
in the Protected Area along trails, near monuments,
etc.; Immediate need of waste containers in
Valbona area, from Paskollat to Fusha e Gjese.
Containers established and in function
2
Identify measures for erosion prevention and
control. Integration of biological and technical
measures for erosion prevention and control.
Reduction of erosion and sedimentation
load into water sources
3
Forestation with pine (Pinus nigra) in Valbona area
and banks construction (banks with stones, with
concrete belts and wire net) for the erosion
prevention from Dragobia to Paskollat area (in the
right site of Valbona River)
Erosion prevent measures in place
Increased forest surfaces
Reduction of eroded areas
4
Banks construction and maintenance for discipline
of Valbona River basin and flood prevention from
Rragami i Shales to the end of Valbona village.
River basin maintained;
Flood prevention
2.3
Objective
Foster broad community stewardship, and commitment to the conservation
of species of specific level of protection
Strategic action
1
Identify suitable sites near water sources as future
protected sites for trout reproduction purposes
from Rragam village to the ending part of the park.
Site protected proclamation by Minister
Order
2
Identify sites of high/special protection for
endangered species as Lynx, Chamois and Roe deer;
For park area most important sites should be
located in Cerem, Valbona and Rragam.
Sites of special protection for endangered
species defined and approved
3
Program 3: Develop the recreational and touristic offer
3.1
Objective
Provide for the operation of low impact tourism activities which add to the
recreational and educational experience of protected area users
Strategic action
1
Identification and analysis of actual touristic visits
trend in Valbone, Cerem, Rragam i Shales;
management of touristic visits in a correct way.
Tourism managed and developed in a
sustainable way
2
Preparation of the Inter Local Plan of territorial
planning and tourism development in the park area.
Inter Local Plan prepared, and approved
3
Prepare a feasibility study on the possibilities for
guided tours in the area. Training of internal staff in
ecotourism guiding.
Increased number of visitors
3.2
Objective
Ensure that tourist operations do not negatively impact on the ecological and
cultural heritage values of the protected area
Strategic action
1
Establishment of trails, printing of maps &
guidelines, placement of orientation tables and
tourists signs in the entire park area (with priority to
Valbone, Cerem, Rragam i Shales ) in Albanian and
English languages
Preferred places, rails trail crossings
inventoried, recorded in the guide maps,
timetables and index field
2
Keep record of the potentials of natural resources
use without affecting their ecological status (e.g.
natural and cultural monuments within and close to
the park area).
Mountain tourism developed sustainably
3
Harmonization of cultural tourism, and eco tourism
in a sound manner
Touristic activities harmonised
4
Development and promotion of mountain tourism
in a sustainable way in park area
Mountain tourism developed and
promoted regularly
5
Definition of specific camping areas along Valbona
River area, from Klysyra to Gjelaj areas; from Kukaj
to Markocaj areas.
specific camping areas defined
6
Provide updated information for the existing
information centre in Valbona. Establish and
provide updated information on park values for
touristic information centre in Dragobia area. .
Shared park information; Increased
number of visitors;
7
Establishment of a trail to Bajram Curri Cave and
tables/signs along the trail.
Trails opened permanently; increase of
visitors

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Maintenance of the trails to Dragobi – Gashi River;
Valbona – Qafa e Valbones – Theth; Valbona –
Gryket e Hapura – Curraj i Eperm.
8
Maintenance of trails connecting the villages of the
entire PA as Dragobi – Valbona – Rragam i Shales;
Dragobi – Cerem.
Trails established and opened;
Increased cooperation/marketing among
villages and districts;
Increased number of visitors
9
Identify financial supports for the improvement of
touristic infrastructure; Identify possibilities of
legalisation/license of already constructed
restaurants of the area.
Financial support potentials identified
10
Provide trainings to DFS, and Commune staff related
to the preparation of touristic guides, eco guides.
Number of trained persons;
increase of visitors number
11
Conduct feasibility study and project design for
parking places construction within the protected
area
Improved parking and services to park
visitors
12
Identify possible source of financing for the
reconstruction of typical mill of Dragobia; mill of
Bajram Curri in Shoshai i Ceremit. Maintenance of
the existing mill of Valbona.
Tradition mills restructured, maintained
and in function; Increased number of
visitors.
13
Identify possible source of financing for
reconstruction of old typical houses in Dragobi,
Valbona, Cerem, Rragam i Shales;
Typical houses reconstructed and in
function; Increased number of visitors.
3.3
Objective
Ensure that tourism is carried out in an ecologically sustainable manner
Strategic action
1
Preparation of nature guides/eco-guides suitable for
different interest-groups and age-groups
Different type of eco guides produced and
distributed
Increased number of visitors
2
Provide full inventory of natural and cultural
monuments in all the territory of PA and share maps
catalogues with locations and access ways.
Promotion material prepared and
distributed
4
Program 4: Develop sustainable agriculture and socio - economic activities
4.1
Objective
Promote sustainable agriculture and farming
Strategic action
1
Promote bio-farming and bio- agro -products in
order to minimise the use of chemical fertilizers and
pesticides (provide training on organic farming) in
entire PA area. Investigate financial support
mechanisms rural development schemes to
promote organic farming among farmers.
Increased land surface covered with
organic agriculture products (Bio –
products); increase of organic farming
products
2
Promote and support the traditional cultivation of
autochthonous potato in Valbona and Cerem
villages as well other organic vegetables as beans,
tomatoes and pepper.
Increased local product production and
cultivated surface
3
Promotion of local production of vegetables, fruits,
and diaries with the well-known local names.
Increased organic local products trade
4
Establishment of seasonal milk sub products
processing centres and their certification (seasonal
diaries) in Cerem, Valbona and Dragobi villages.
Improved processing technology and
product quality
5
Improve land use practices leading to topsoil
recover and better erosion control, through
implementation schemes for payment for
environmental services
Pilot schemes implementation started
6
Establishment of mangers for livestock in Ceremi
and Valbona areas. Rehabilitation of existing
mangers for livestock in park area.
Mangers for livestock established
Existing mangers rehabilitated
4.2
Objective
Promote ecologically and economically
sound management of all grazing lands
Strategic action
1
Undertake pasture cleaning services, especially
cleaning from weeds, toxic herbs and stones.
Pasture surfaces well maintained
2
Establish the models to support the seasonal stay in
high mountain pastures such as, infrastructure for
shepherds and seasonal stables for livestock
Temporary structures for shepherd and
livestock stay in place

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(Infrastructure for livestock temporary abode).
3
Preserve and promote the autochthonous breeds of
“Bardhok” sheep, autochthonous red cow and
autochthonous red goat.
Autochthonous breed preserved and
promoted;
Increase of local farming products
4.3
Objective
Promote beekeeping, medical plants
cultivation and sustainable livelihood
Strategic action
1
Encourage bee-keeping, production of high quality
honey, certification of such a product and its
marketing;
Increased bee hives and honey production
Improved honey quality
2
Support beekeeping and facilitate the seasonal
transport of beehives, especially in Valbona and
Dragobi villages. Increase the number of beehives.
Increased number of beekeepers;
increased quantity of honey production
3
Establishment of medicinal plants collection centre
on geographical basis mainly in Dragobi and Cerem
villages.
Medicinal herbs commerce and collection
under control’
Collection centres established and in
function
4
Provide trainings to medicinal plants collectors in
the entire park area.
Number of trained persons;
Controlled medicinal herbs collection
5
Establish areas for cultivation of some medicinal
plants that are highly required by the market, as
blueberry in Cerem village.
Increased surface of cultivations with
medicinal plants
6
Establish small scale medicinal plants processing
centres in Bajram Curri Town.
Small scale processing centre established
4.4
Objective
Support to sustainable Forestry
Strategic action
1
Periodical monitoring, maintenance and protection
of forests from fires and illegal logging mainly in
Cerem and from Dragobi to Markovce areas.
Forests monitored regularly;
fires and logging under control
2
Phyto-sanitary cutting (cutting of damaged parts) of
entire park territory and rehabilitation of damaged
forests in Valbona area.
Forest service’s carried out regularly
3
Forestation with pine, fir or spruce of burned sites
in Valbona area
Increase of regenerated natural forest
land
Burned areas reduced
5
Program 5: Promote scientific research and education
5.1
Objective
Encourage research that will provide
knowledge of the values of the protected
area and inform its management
Strategic action
1
Update periodically the existing habitat map
according Natura 2000; reflect on habitat map all
environmental developments within park area.
Periodical updated, and detailed habitat
map for the National Park according
Natura 2000 categorization
2
Carry out a study on medicinal plants in the area in
order to update the existing data
Study report on medicinal plants of the
park
3
Carry out a study and periodical monitoring of park
flora and fauna in order to update the existing data
Study report on park flora and fauna
4
Develop educational and promotional programs
(professional practices programs) for local schools
and local communities
Lectures, events, contests, and other
extracuricular activities related to park
5
Carry out periodical studies and monitoring of water
quality in the entire park area and drinking water
parameters Valbona River, Ceremi stream, Motina
Stream.
Periodical report on water parameters,
quality and ecology
6
Identification of rare species and habitats and
develop the recovery programme.
The Recovery programme prepared and
approved.
7
Identify the threatened and endemic plants and
flora locations and undertake measures for
protection
List of the threatened plants and flora’
Protection measures identified
5.2
Objective
Improve public awareness,
understanding and appreciation of the
environments of the protected area and
the potential impacts of human activities
on these environments

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Strategic action
1
Organize forest and pasture users trainings on
sustainable economic activities
Number of people trained
Number of people employed
2
Support local NGOs and media on awareness raising
activities
Increased cooperation and engagement of
stakeholders in the administration of the
PA.
3
Produce posters, year calendar of events including
religious activities, information leaflets, for
promoting the area. Production of visitor guide.
Posters, leaflets, program on walks,
guides, etc. produced and disseminated
5.3 Monitoring & Evaluation of Gashi Protected Area Management Actions
The METS for Gashi River Strict Protected Area as proposed by this management plan, is given in the
following table (Table 23).
Table 23: Management Effectiveness Tracking Sheet for Gashi PA Management Plan
Program / Objective / Strategic Action
Indicators
0 = not started; 1 = in process;
2 = completed
Realization
Evaluation /
Modification /
Remarks
0
1
2
1
Program 1: Strengthen the protected area management system
1.1
Objective
Enforce the provisions of any existing legal and sub legal act to seasonal
visitors and users of Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve Area
Strategic action
1
Establish cooperation with transboundary of PA
administration in Kosovo and Montenegro; Prepare
MoU for PA and wildlife protection.
MoU approved and signed by all parts.
2
Enforce the ban on hunting.
No. of identified case of illegal hunting
No. and type of sanctions applied and
executed for illegal hunting
Improved co-operation
3
Identify and inspect the banned activities inside the
PA; periodical monitoring of the area; Impose fines
for violation of the closure decision
No. of fines collected.
Regular monitoring of the sites of the
closed activities.
Monitor the increase of the
rehabilitated surface area
4
Control, prevent and follow up on fires in forests and
pastures, prosecute authors of intentional fires.
Coordinate fire control with Communes and DFS.
No of cases identified and sanctions
No. of fines collected.
5
Control the grazing activity in the buffer zone and
the impacts on the strict nature reserve.
Grazing activity banned within the area
and controlled in the buffer zone.
No and type of sanctions applied and
executed.
6
Ban all seasonal human activities inside the reserve
territory. Impose fines for the activities in order to
respect the status of the area.
Continuous monitoring of people entrance within the
protected area. Establish a monitoring point in
Markovce area.
Seasonal human activities within the PA
effectively controlled;
No. of sanctions applied and executed
for illegal activities.
Entrances in the area monitored
continuously.
7
Control and regulate medicinal plants collection
outside the reserve (buffer zone). Enforce the ban of
medicinal plants according to the reserve status.
Collection of medicinal plants under DFS
control.
Fees collected regularly.

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Monitoring of impact into the strict nature reserve.
Collection fees for medicinal herbs collection.
Volume of fees collected
No. of sanctions imposed and executed
8
Licenses issued for regular and correct medicinal
herbs collection to the authorized persons or group
of persons based in villages they represent outside
the reserve – buffer zone.
Medicinal herbs collection organized in
villages and under control.
No. of authorized persons/groups per
village.
9
Manage and control the existing/heritage stables
within the strict nature reserve.
Prevention of construction of new stables in the
area.
Stables under control and managed
effectively
10
Minimize the logging by seasonal stable owners; use
of the damaged trees for their individual needs.
Ban of logging;
Use of the damaged trees for individual
consumption.
11
Establishment of a Joint Management Committee for
the Alps with membership from local and central
stakeholders.
MC established and operative
1.2
Objective
Increase the effectiveness of protected area management system by
strengthening relevant institutions towards an effective law enforcement
and prosecution service for violation of environmental requirements
Strategic action
1
Provide on job training for DFS staff, commune staff.
Job performance improvement of the
key staff;
number of trainings and number of
trained staff
2
Create and keep update a webpage for the Alps area,
including a regular newsletter
Web page of the PA created and in
function, regularly updated
3
Equip the DFS staff supervising the reserve with PA
uniforms;
Equipped staff with Stict nature reserve
uniforms.
1.3
Objective
Strengthen the co-operation among communes, forestry, and other local
stakeholders.
Strategic action
1
Prepare and approve a MoU for cooperation
transboundaiy authorities for effective management,
preservation and conservation of the entire Alps
area.
Cooperation plan prepared and
approved
2
Organize study tours to EU PA in which strict nature
reserve responsible persons at DFS may take part.
Increased efficiency of DFS staff
3
Exchange periodical visits in trounsboundary
protected areas “Prokletije” National Park in
Montenegro and “Bjeshket e Namuna” National Park
in Kosovo.
Increased of efficiency of strict nature
reserve staff.
Management experiences shared
between countries.
2
Program 2: Promote scientific research and education
2.1
Objective
Encourage research that will provide
knowledge of the values of the
protected area and inform its
management
Strategic action
1
Update periodically the existing habitat map
according Natura 2000; reflect on habitat map all
environmental developments within strict nature
reserve area.
Periodical updated, and detailed habitat
map for the National Park according
Natura 2000 categorization
2
Carry out a study on medicinal plants in the area in
order to update the existing data
Study report on medicinal plants of the
strict nature reserve.
3
Carry out a study and periodical monitoring of park
flora and fauna in order to update the existing data
Study report on strict nature reserve
flora and fauna
4
Carry out periodical studies and monitoring of water
quality in the entire reserve area and drinking water
parameters in Gashi River, Balcina Stream, Lugu i
Vocit Stream, Javorri Stream.
Periodical report on water parameters,
quality and ecology
5
Identification of rare and endemic species and
The Recovery programme prepared and

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habitats and develop the recovery programme.
approved.
6
Identify the threatened and endemic plants and flora
locations and undertake measures for protection
List of the threatened plants and flora’
Protection measures identified
2.2
Objective
Improve public awareness,
understanding and appreciation of the
environments of the protected area
and the potential impacts of human
activities on these environments
Strategic action
1
Organize awareness activities and trainings for
seasonal inhabitants of Bjeshket e Gashit area.
Number of people trained
2
Support to local NGOs and media on awareness
raising activities
Increased cooperation and engagement
of stakeholders in the administration of
the PA.
3
Produce posters, information leaflets and brochures,
for promoting the area.
Posters, leaflets, program on walks,
guides, etc. produced and disseminated

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PART 7: ANNEXES: MAPS, FIGURES, RAW DATA, GRAPHICS
Annex I: Categories, Levels of Protection and Forbidden Activities
CATEGORIES
PROTECTED AREA
LEVELS OF
PROTECTION
FORBIDDEN ACTIVITIES
I
Strict nature
reserve
First
Cutting of trees and bushes;
Utilization of chemicals and chemical fertilizers;
Construction of any kind;
Mining of minerals and turfs;
Hunting and fishing;
Light of fires;
Grazing, domestic animals' passage and construction of objects for
their shelter;
Establishment of recreational, amusement and sports complexes;
Passage through paths except of the owner or the person that uses
the land;
Circulation with vehicles of any kind with the exception of the vehicle
of administration for protection of reservation and the fire brigade;
Sailing in boats, canoe and other means of sailing;
Intensive reproduction of hunting animals.
II
National Park
Second
Land use with intensive technology, with means and manners that
cause fundamental changes in biodiversity, structure and functions of
ecosystems or that damage irreversibly the land surface;
Neutralization of wastes of an origin outside the territory of the
national park;
Dissemination of non-country animals and plants in case when they
bring changes in the area biodiversity;
Intensive reproduction of hunting animals with exception of saving
reproduction;
Construction of roads, motor-ways, railways, urban areas, lines of high
voltage and long distance systems of diesel and gas;
Washing and sprinkling of roads with chemicals;
Planting of monoculture forests ;
Light of fires outside the perimeter of assigned places;
Circulation of transport means out of the assigned roads;
Hunting;
Mining of minerals, stones, turfs, with exception of gravel and sand for
the maintenance of the park;
Massive sports and tourism activity outside the assigned places;
Organization of rallies with automobiles and motorbikes.
III
Nature
Monument
First
IV
Nature Managed
Reserve
Third
Change of natural state of water reservations, resources, lakes and
wetlands systems;
Chemicals storage;
Circulation and parking of vehicles out of the roads and parking places;
Collection of plants, minerals, paleontological discoveries and stones;
Establishment and functioning of facilities for military and protection
purposes;
Placement of advertisement boards and data, signs and posters with
exception of those that provide data on reservation protection

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objectives;
Mountain climbing, skiing, camping and light of fire outside the
assigned places.
V
Protected
landscape
Fourth
Planting of monoculture forests;
Neutralization of waste and light of fires outside of assigned places;
Dissemination of animals and non-country originated plants;
Hunting with poisoned food;
Construction of motorways, sailing canals and urban areas;
Circulation with transport means out of roads and assigned places.
This rule shall be not applied for state vehicles, agricultural and
forestry machinery, fire brigade vehicles, ambulances, water
management and veterinary services machinery;
Organization of rallies with vehicles, motorbikes and bicycles.
VI
Protected area of
managed
resources
Fourth

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Annex II: Zoning Assessment Methodology
First step – GIS analysis
Each management zone is proposed to be subdivided into a number of habitat types. These types will
partly follow the Emerald/Corinne system supplemented by broad classes of relevant non-natural
habitats such as agriculture, fruit orchards, pastures etc. The habitat will be roughly mapped and the
area of each type will be estimated based on analysis of aerial photos and observations during field
work.
 Analysis of ortho-photos for protected areas
 Analyses of CORINE habitat maps
 GIS-overlay of ortho- and habitat maps and management zones for those areas that
have a zoning today
 Use of geo-coded photo from Google Earth and other sources to assess and further
detail the habitats in the areas
 Based on first step office analysis second step is field work.
Second step - Field work and Local stakeholder consultation
In most PA the zoning may already be applied and the field work will to some extend be concentrated
on verifying the borders between the different zones. For protected landscape the zones are defined
based on field observation, discussion with managers and studies of aerial photos.
 Verification and adjustment if evaluated necessary of existing four management zones
in Protected Areas that already have a zoning according to law.
 Proposal for new management zones in areas without existing zoning.
 Verification of habitats within each management zone
 Description of habitats within each management zone will be based on the following
field observation:
 Basic vegetation
 Important natural values
 Observation of red listed and species with special protection
 Naturalness and potential nature value
 Present management activities
 Threats
Third step – Documentation and reporting
 Geo-coded photo from the field
 Standard descriptions of each habitat in the area
 Proposal for new zoning and adjustment of zones if needed

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Annex III: Budget separated into programs and actions for Thethi
National Park Area
Strengthen the protected area management system
Total Cost
(€)
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Enforce the provisions of any existing legal and sub legal act to visitors and users of Thethi
National Park Area
16,050 3,210 3,210 3,210 3,210 3,210
Establish cooperation with trans boundary PA administration in Montenegro. Prepare MoU for PA and wildlife
protection
No
additional
cost
Enforce of the law on hunting
No
additional
cost
Identify and inspect the banned activities inside the PA; periodical monitoring of the area recovering; Impose fines
for violation of the law related activities within the PA
1,875 375 375 375 375 375
Control and prevention of fires in forests and pasture areas, prosecute authors of induced fires. Coordinate fire
control mechanisms with Communes, DFS and land owners
1,725 345 345 345 345 345
Control and regulate grazing activities making sure management plan recommendation are respected 3,600 720 720 720 720 720
Control all human activities inside the park territory. Collect fees for all permitted activities, according to
management regime in entire park area
No
additional
cost
Reconsider the current requests for 5 Hydropower constructions along Shala River. Make sure EIA
reports are prepared
No
additional
cost
Control the communal forest management by the communes 3,300 660 660 660 660 660
Control and regulate medicinal plants collection. Enforce the ban of medicinal plants where foreseen and
regulate medicinal plant collection in other zones and subzones according to the MP and park zoning,
especially for endemic herbs in Shala and Thethi areas. Collection of fees for medicinal herbs collection.
3,600 720 720 720 720 720
Control and discipline of funds/incomes obtained by all activities within the park area such as medicinal
herbs collection, hunting, logging fees.
No
additional
cost
Introduce a licenses scheme for medicinal herbs collection for persons or group of persons based on
villages they represent
No
additional
cost
Control and regulate recreational activities inside the park territory, especially those linked with visitor
routes in Grunas Fall, Grunas Canyon, Okoli springs, Gjecaj Fall, Blue eye in Nderhysa/Kaprre area
(buffer zone of NP). Collect fees for services provided.
Establishment of solid waste collection system
1,950 390 390 390 390 390
Clarify the rights, obligations and tasks for Communes as owner of forest and pasture and those of DFS
as responsible of management of public forests and pasture lands;
No
additional
cost
Establishment of a Joint Management Committee for the park areas (list) with membership from local
and central authorities and stakeholders.
No
additional
cost
Increase the effectiveness of protected area management system by strengthening relevant
institutions towards an effective law enforcement and prosecution service for violation of
environmental requirements
212,260 107,472 36,772 22,622 22,672 22,722
Define the need for investments in private owned land within the park area. Improve the incomes
management among private owners, DFSs and Communes.
No
additional
cost
Recruit additional staff for DFS in Shkodra four employees are needed: 1 communication expert; 2 forest
engineers and 1 biologist.
77,760 15,552 15,552 15,552 15,552 15,552
Provide on the job training for DFS staff, commune staff 12,600 2,520 2,520 2,520 2,520 2,520
Train community representatives on: planning and supervision of activities, joint action for fires
prevention, monitoring and response, application of sanctions, and provision of support to individuals to
enhance their fire management tasks
8,400 4,200 4,200
Improve mobility and operation of the staff and rangers at DFS in Shkodra, through purchasing of: 4
motorbikes and one 4x4 vehicle, 1 GPS, 1 Binoculars, 1 professional camera
82,250 73,550 2,100 2,150 2,200 2,250
Create and update a webpage for the PA , including a regular newsletter 14,500 4,900 2,400 2,400 2,400 2,400
Equip DFS staff with park uniforms; Establishment of a multi functional centre in Thethi Camp area under
DFS of Shkodra.
16,750 6,750 10,000
Strengthen the co-operation among communes, forestry, and other local stakeholders 24,200 12,050 10,050 700 700 700
Prepare and approve a memorandum of cooperation between Montenegro international authorities for
effective management of the entire park area
No
additional
cost
Organize study tours to EU protected areas for local stakeholders and DFS staff 20,700 11,350 9,350
Exchange periodical visits in transboundary protected areas in Albania and Montenegro 3,500 700 700 700 700 700
Grand Total 252,510 122,732 50,032 26,532 26,582 26,632

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Increase habitats and biodiversity protection and conservation Total cost (€) 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Ensure that the diversity of species and the ecosystems processes in the protected
area are not adversely affected by human activities
6,500 6,500
Evaluate the possibility to introduce an entrance fee to the Protected Area, including a
waste collection fee for tourists. The appropriate areas for the establishment of structures
for the collection of the entrance fee are Qafe Thore and Shkembi i Thethit
5,000 5,000
Identify the traditional livestock sheep breeds (e.g. “Merinos” sheep) 1,500 1,500
Promote the maintenance of high water quality; prevent the degradation and
deterioration of habitats
172,000 42,500 42,500 29,000 29,000 29,000
Establishment and maintenance of waste containers in the Protected Area along trails, near
monuments, etc.; with priority to Camp of Thethi Field
15,000 7,500 7,500
Rehabilitation of natural springs /fountains in park area in Camp of Thethi Field and Micani
spring
12,000 6,000 6,000
Identify measures for erosion prevention and control. Integration of biological and
technical measures for erosion prevention and control.
45,000 9,000 9,000 9,000 9,000 9,000
Forestation with pine (Pinus nigra) in entire park area and banks construction (banks with
stones, with concrete belts and wire net) for the erosion prevention in park with high
priority to Shellinza stream and Gjecaj stream
100,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000
Foster broad community stewardship and commitment to the conservation of
species of specific level of protection
13,200 6,000 1,800 1,800 1,800 1,800
Identify suitable sites near water sources as future protected sites for fish reproduction
purposes, mainly at Thethi springs .
2,100 2,100
Determine corridors for wildlife to freely move through Montenegro. Maintenance of
existing corridors of Shtegu i dhenve, Qafa e Valbones
9,000 1,800 1,800 1,800 1,800 1,800
Identify sites of high/special protection for endangered species as Lynx, Chamois, Roe
deer, Brown bear, and Golden eagle; most important sites should be located at
Radohima, Peja area, Zorzi, Shtegu i dhenve, Kurora e Thethit.
2,100 2,100
Grand Total 191,700 55,000 44,300 30,800 30,800 30,800

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Development the recreational and touristic uses Total cost (€) 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Provide for the operation of low impact tourism activities which add to the
recreational and educational experience of protected area users
14,700 11,700 1,500 1,500
Identification and analysis of actual tourism trend in Thethi Field and Gjecaj; improvement
of tourist management.
2,000 2,000
Preparation of territorial planning and tourism development plan for the park area. 7,200 7,200
Prepare a feasibility study on the possibilities for guided tours in the area. Provision of
training to internal staff in ecotourism guiding.
7,500 4,500 1,500 1,500
Ensure that tourist operations do not negatively impact on the ecological and
cultural heritage values of the protected area
333,240 75,120 75,120 61,000 61,000 61,000
Establishment of trails, maps, guidelines printed, orientation tables and signs demarcated
in the entire park area
6,000 3,000 3,000
Keep record of the potentials use of natural resources without affecting their ecological
status (e.g. natural and cultural monuments within and close to the park area.
No additional
cost
Promote cultural tourism, and eco tourism in a sustainable manner 15,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000
Development of mountain tourism in a sustainable way in park area
No additional
cost
Definition of specific camping areas in Okol and Thethi Field.
No additional
cost
Establish and provide updated information on park values at touristic information centre in
Shkodra city.
5,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000
Maintenance of the trails to Thethi Field – Peja peak; Qafe Thore – Shtegu i dhenve – Radohime –
Malesi e Madhe; Thethi Field – Qafa e Valbones – Rragam – Valbona Valley; Kaprrej – Qafe Thore
90,000 18,000 18,000 18,000 18,000 18,000
Maintenance of trails connecting the villages of the entire PA as Grunas – Fushe Theth – Thethi
Camp – Okol;
Gjelaj – Fushe Theth
60,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000
Identify possible financial supports for the touristic development of the natural ski field in
Meadow of Micenve; Nenrrethi meadows
No additional
cost
Provide trainings to DFS, Commune staff related preparation of touristic guides, eco guides 2,240 1,120 1,120
Preparation work for parking places construction within the protected area (Fushe Theth, Okol). 20,000 10,000 10,000
Maintenance and protection of nature monuments and characteristic architecture of typical
traditional houses in entire Thethi area.
100,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000
Identify financial support for reconstruction of old typical houses; Adaption of new houses to
mountain territory features.
35,000 7,000 7,000 7,000 7,000 7,000
Ensure that tourism is carried out in an ecologically sustainable manner 25,000 13,000 6,000 2,000 2,000 2,000
Production and installation of information and park interpretation panels 4,000 4,000
Establishment of signs and tables within the park area; preparation specific leaflets about
the park
3,000 3,000
Preparation of nature guides/eco-guides suitable for different interest-groups and age-
groups
10,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000
Provide full inventory of natural and cultural monuments in all the territory of PA and share
maps catalogues with locations and access ways.
8,000 4,000 4,000
Grand Total 372,940 99,820 82,620 64,500 63,000 63,000

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Develop sustainable agriculture and socio-economic activities Total cost (€) 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Promote sustainable agriculture and farming
127,300 51,580 36,180 18,180 10,680 10,680
Promote bio-farming and bio- agro -products in order to reduce level of chemical fertilizers
and pesticides (provide training on organic farming) in entire PA area Investigate financial
support mechanisms rural development schemes to promote organic farming among
farmers.
8,400 1,680 1,680 1,680 1,680 1,680
Promote and support the traditional cultivation of autochthonous potato of Thethi, white
beans of Shala as well other organic vegetables as beans, tomatoes and pepper.
15,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000
Promotion of local production of vegetables, fruits, and diaries with the well-known local
names.
10,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000
Establishment of seasonal milk sub products processing centres and their certification
(seasonal diaries); Improvement of processing technology in the existing diaries in Fushe
Thethi area
16,000 8,000 8,000
Improve land use practices leading to topsoil recover and better erosion control, through
implementation schemes for payment of environmental services
22,500 7,500 7,500 7,500
Identify traditionally planted cultivars of potato and white beans and undertake the first
steps on seed production
5,000 5,000
Support farmers to lessen the kind of foreign livestock breeds especially sheep that are
imported in recent years and replace with traditional as for example “Merinos” sheep
20,000 10,000 10,000
Installation of mangers for livestock in natural water sources in Terthore Peja peak,
Nenrrethi meadows. Rehabilitation of mangers for livestock in Peja area
2,400 2,400
Cultivation and promotion of Chestnuts in the buffer zone of the park, especially in
Breglumi area
8,000 8,000
Organisation of periodical/seasonal fairs in Shkodra area promoting and marketing the
local typical agriculture and farming products of Thethi NP.
20,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000
Promote ecologically and economically sound management of all grazing lands 37,500 9,750 9,750 8,000 5,000 5,000
Defining of grazing areas and their grazing capacity; Establish a programme to appoint
grazing areas based on capacity of the area, especially those of Buni i Terthores and Peja
peak;
3,500 1,750 1,750
Undertake pasture cleaning services, especially cleaning from weeds, toxic herbs and
stones, especially in Okol and Peja areas.
9,000 3,000 3,000 3,000
Establish models to support the seasonal stay in high mountain pastures such as,
infrastructure for shepherds and seasonal stables for livestock in Terthore and Peja peak.
(Infrastructure for livestock temporary abode).
25,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000
Identify natural pasture sites for mowing purposes, in order to provide the livestock
nutrient base during winter.
No additional
cost

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Promote beekeeping, medical plants cultivation and sustainable livelihood 310,600 51,320 78,320 96,320 33,320 51,320
Encourage bee-keeping, production of high quality honey, certification of such a product
and its marketing; Discourage the artificial nutrition of bees in order to improve the honey
quality
21,000 4,200 4,200 4,200 4,200 4,200
Support beekeeping and facilitate the seasonal transport of beehives, especially in Gjelaj,
Nenrreth, Gjecaj villages
15,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000
Limitations and control of grazing in areas of importance for bee keeping and medicinal
plants in the pastures of park area
5,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000
Establishment of medicinal plants collection centre on geographical basis mainly in
Breglumi area.
90,000 45,000 45,000
Provide trainings to medicinal plants collectors in the entire park area 5,600 1,120 1,120 1,120 1,120 1,120
Establish areas for cultivation of some medicinal plants that are highly required by the
market, as Orchids .
120,000 24,000 24,000 24,000 24,000 24,000
Establish small scale medicinal plants processing centres in Breglumi area. 54,000 18,000 18,000 18,000
Support to sustainable Forestry 74,500 18,500 18,500 12,500 12,500 12,500
Periodical monitoring, maintenance and protection of forests from diseases caused by
chestnut cancer and the pine processionary (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) in pine forests
10,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000
Beech Forest improvementin in entire park and especially in Thethi area 20,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000
Phyto-sanitary cutting (cutting of damaged parts) in forests of entire park territory 12,000 6,000 6,000
Forestation of burned sites in Okol area 12,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500
Establishment and maintenance of corridors (mainly in Thethi area) for fire prevention.
20,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000
Support to sustainable Fishery 15,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000
Provide help to authorised/licensed individuals for the establishment of small hatcheries
for trout increase in Thethi springs and Okoli springs.
15,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000
Grand Total 564,900 134,150 145,750 138,000 64,500 82,500
Promote scientific research and education
Total cost (€) 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Encourage research that will provide knowledge of the values of the protected area
and inform its management
36,000 9,000 9,000 6,000 6,000 6,000
Update periodically the existing habitat map according Natura 2000; reflect on habitat map
all environmental developments within park area
5,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000
Carry out a study on medicinal plants in the area in order to update the existing data 7,500 1,500 1,500 1500 1500 1500
Develop educational and promotional programs (professional practices programs) for local schools
and local communities
10,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000
Carry out periodical studies and monitoring of water quality in the entire park area and drinking
water parameters Micani and Okolareas/springs
7,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500
Identification of rare species and habitats and develop the recovery programme. 3,500 1,750 1,750
Identify the threatened and endemic plants and flora locations and undertake measures
for protection
2,500 1,250 1,250
IImprove public awareness, understanding and appreciation of the environments of
the protected area and the potential impacts of human activities on these
environments
29,200 6,400 6,400 6,400 5,000 5,000
Organize forest and pasture users trainings on sustainable economic activities 4,200 1,400 1,400 1,400
Support to local NGOs and media on awareness raising activities
No additional
cost
Produce posters, year calendar of events including religious activities, information leaflets,
for promoting the area. Production of visitor guide.
25,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000
Grand Total 65,200 15,400 15,400 12,400 11,000 11,000

Technical Assistance for Strengthening the Capacity of the Ministry of Environment in Albania for Law Drafting and Enforcement of
National Environmental Legislation
152
Annex IV: Budget separated into programs and actions for Valbona
Valley National Park
Strengthen the protected area management system
Unit
Total Cost
(€)
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Enforce the provisions of any existing legal and sub legal act to visitors and users of
Valona Valley National Park Area
17,850 3,570 3,570 3,570 3,570 3,570
Enforce of the law on hunting
No additional
cost
Identify and inspect the banned activities inside the PA; periodical monitoring of the area recovering;
Impose fines for violation of the closure decision
l
u
m
1,875 375 375 375 375 375
Control, prevent and follow up on fires in forests and pastures, prosecute authors of intentional fires.
Coordinate fire control with Communes, DFS and land owners.
l
u
m
p
1,725 345 345 345 345 345
Control and regulate grazing activities respecting management plan recommendation
l
u
m
3,600 720 720 720 720 720
Close the illegal quarry within Park territory (Qyteti Shoshajt) and control the rehabilitation process
from the company
No additional
cost
Control all human activities inside the park territory. Collect fees for all permitted activities,
according to management regime in entire park area
No additional
cost
Control of the quantity of water used for hydropower activity; Monitor the environmental
impacts.
l
u
m
p
1,800 360 360 360 360 360
Control the communal forest and pastures management by the communes.
l
u
m
3,300 660 660 660 660 660
Control and regulate medicinal plants collection. Enforce the ban of medicinal plants according
to the MP and park zoning especially for the blueberry. Collection fees for medicinal herbs
collection
l
u
m
p
s
3,600 720 720 720 720 720
Control and discipline of funds/incomes obtained by all activities within the park area such as
medicinal herbs collection, grazing, logging fees
No additional
cost
Licenses issued for regular and correct medicinal herbs collection to the authorized persons or
group of persons based in villages they represent.
No additional
cost
Control and regulate recreational activities inside the park territory, especially those linked with
visitor routes in Valbone – Theth; Dragobi – Gashi River; Padesh – Gashi River. Collect fees
for services provided.
Establishment of solid waste collection system.
l
u
m
p
s
1,950 390 390 390 390 390
Clarify the rights, obligations and tasks of Communes as owner of forest and pasture for
communal forest, and those of DFS as management authority of public forest and pasture
land. Carry out regular inspection and report
No additional
cost
Establishment of a joint Management Committee for Alps area with membership of local
authorities and stakeholders.
No additional
cost
Increase the effectiveness of protected area management system by strengthening
relevant institutions towards an effective law enforcement and prosecution service for
violation of environmental requirements
196,660 86,872 41,772 22,622 22,672 22,722
Define the need for investments in private owned land within the park area and incomes
management among private owners, DFSs and Communes..
No additional
cost
Recruit additional staff from the area, for Kuksi DFS/ Tropoja Section; four employees are
needed: 1 Tourism expert; 3 forest engineers .
m
o
n
77,760 15,552 15,552 15,552 15,552 15,552
Provide in job training for DFS staff, commune staff
training days
12,600 2,520 2,520 2,520 2,520 2,520
Train community representatives on planning and supervision of activities, joint action for fire
prevention, fire monitoring and response, applying sanctions, and providing support to
individuals to enhance their fire management tasks
training days
8,400 4,200 4,200
Improve mobility and operation of the staff and rangers for DFS in Kuksi/Tropoja Section,
through purchasing 2 motorbikes one 4x4 vehicle, 1 GPS, 1 Binoculars,
t
o
t
61,650 52,950 2,100 2,150 2,200 2,250
2 motorbike
pieces
20,200 20,200
Create and keep update a webpage for the Alps area, including a regular newsletter
t
o
t
14,500 4,900 2,400 2,400 2,400 2,400
Equip DFS staff with park uniforms; Establishment of a guest house/building in Dragobi under
Kuksi DFS/Tropoja section.
t
o
t
21,750 6,750 15,000
Strengthen the co-operation among communes, forestry, and other local stakeholders. 20,700 11,350 9,350
Organize study tours to EU PA in which all local stakeholders and DFS staff may take part
t
o
20,700 11,350 9,350
Grand Total 235,210 101,792 54,692 26,192 26,242 26,292

Technical Assistance for Strengthening the Capacity of the Ministry of Environment in Albania for Law Drafting and Enforcement of
National Environmental Legislation
153
Increase habitats and biodiversity protection and conservation
Unit
Total cost (€) 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Ensure that the diversity of species and the ecosystems processes in the protected area
are not adversely affected by human activities
5,000 5,000
Evaluate the possibilities to introduce an entrance fee to the Protected Area, including a
garbage collection fee for tourists; The appropriate area for the establishment of structures for
the collection of the entrance fee is Shoshan (Qyteti i Shoshajve)
l
u
m
p
5,000 5,000
Promote the maintenance of high water quality; prevent the degradation and
deterioration of habitats
160,000 36,500 36,500 29,000 29,000 29,000
Establishment and maintenance of waste containers in the Protected Area along trails, near
monuments, etc.; Immediate need of waste containers in Valbona area, from Paskollat to Fusha e Gjese.
l
u
m
p
15,000 7,500 7,500
Identify measures for erosion prevention and control. Integration of biological and technical
measures for erosion prevention and control.
l
u
m
45,000 9,000 9,000 9,000 9,000 9,000
Forestation with pine (Pinus nigra) in Valbona area and banks construction (banks with stones,
with concrete belts and wire net) for the erosion prevention from Dragobia to Paskollat area (in
the right site of Valbona River)
l
u
m
p
100,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000
Banks construction and maintenance for discipline of Valbona River basin and flood prevention
from Rragami i Shales to the end of Valbona village.
l
u
m
30,000 30,000
Foster broad community stewardship, and commitment to the conservation of species
of specific level of protection
4,200 4,200
Identify suitable sites near water sources as future protected sites for trout reproduction
purposes from Rragam village to the ending part of the park.
l
u
m
2,100 2,100
Identify sites of high/special protection for endangered species as Lynx, Chamois and Roe
deer; For park area most important sites should be located in Cerem, Valbona and Rragam.
l
u
m
2,100 2,100
Grand Total 169,200 45,700 36,500 29,000 29,000 29,000

Technical Assistance for Strengthening the Capacity of the Ministry of Environment in Albania for Law Drafting and Enforcement of
National Environmental Legislation
154
Development the recreational and touristic uses
Unit
Total cost (€) 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Provide for the operation of low impact tourism activities which add to the recreational
and educational experience of protected area users
14,700 11,700 1,500 1,500
Identification and analysis of actual touristic visits trend in Valbone, Cerem, Rragam i Shales;
management of touristic visits in a correct way.
l
u
m
2,000 2,000
Preparation of the Inter Local Plan of territorial planning and tourism development in the park
area.
w
o
7,200 7,200
Prepare a feasibility study on the possibilities for guided tours in the area. Training of internal
staff in ecotourism guiding.
w
o
r
7,500 4,500 1,500 1,500
Ensure that tourist operations do not negatively impact on the ecological and cultural
heritage values of the protected area
435,240 103,820 83,820 89,200 69,200 89,200
Establishment of trails, printing of maps & guidelines, placement of orientation tables and
tourists signs in the entire park area (with priority to Valbone, Cerem, Rragam i Shales ) in
Albanian and English languages
l
u
m
p
7,000 3,500 3,500
Keep record of the potentials of natural resources use without affecting their ecological status
(e.g. natural and cultural monuments within and close to the park area).
No additional
cost
Harmonization of cultural tourism, and eco tourism in a sound manner
No additional
cost
Development and promotion of mountain tourism in a sustainable way in park area
l
u
m
15,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000
Definition of specific camping areas along Valbona River area, from Klysyra to Gjelaj areas; from Kukaj
to Markocaj areas.
No additional
cost
Provide updated information for the existing information centre in Valbona. Establish and provide
updated information on park values for touristic information centre in Dragobia area.
l
u
m
11,000 2,200 2,200 2,200 2,200 2,200
Establishment of a trail to Bajram Curri Cave and tables/signs along the trail.
Maintenance of the trails to Dragobi – Gashi River; Valbona – Qafa e Valbones – Theth; Valbona –
Gryket e Hapura – Curraj i Eperm
l
u
m
p
125,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000
Maintenance of trails connecting the villages of the entire PA as Dragobi – Valbona – Rragam i Shales;
Dragobi – Cerem.
l
u
m
60,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000
Identify financial supports for the improvement of touristic infrastructure; Identify possibilities of
legalisation/license of already constructed restaurants of the area.
No additional
cost
Provide trainings to DFS, and Commune staff related to the preparation of touristic guides, eco guides
t
r
a
2,240 1,120 1,120
Conduct feasibility study and project design for parking places construction within the protected area
l
u
m
20,000 10,000 10,000
Maintenance and protection of nature monuments and characteristic architecture of typical traditional
houses in entire Thethi area.
l
u
m
100,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000
Identify possible source of financing for the reconstruction of typical mill of Dragobia; mill of Bajram
Curri in Shoshai i Ceremit. Maintenance of the existing mill of Valbona.
l
u
m
60,000 20,000 20,000 20,000
Identify possible source of financing for reconstruction of old typical houses in Dragobi, Valbona,
Cerem, Rragam i Shales;
l
u
m
p
35,000 7,000 7,000 7,000 7,000 7,000
Ensure that tourism is carried out in an ecologically sustainable manner 18,000 6,000 6,000 2,000 2,000 2,000
Preparation of nature guides/eco-guides suitable for different interest-groups and age-groups
l
u
m
10,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000
Provide full inventory of natural and cultural monuments in all the territory of PA and share
maps catalogues with locations and access ways.
l
u
m
8,000 4,000 4,000
Grand Total 467,940 121,520 91,320 92,700 71,200 91,200

Technical Assistance for Strengthening the Capacity of the Ministry of Environment in Albania for Law Drafting and Enforcement of
National Environmental Legislation
155
Develop sustainable agriculture and socio-economic activities
Unit
Total cost (€) 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Promote sustainable agriculture and farming
74,300 24,580 22,180 14,180 6,680 6,680
Promote bio-farming and bio- agro -products in order to minimise the use of chemical fertilizers
and pesticides (provide training on organic farming) in entire PA area. Investigate financial
support mechanisms rural development schemes to promote organic farming among farmers.
training days
8,400 1,680 1,680 1,680 1,680 1,680
Promote and support the traditional cultivation of autochthonous potato in Valbona and Cerem
villages as well other organic vegetables as beans, tomatoes and pepper.
m
a
r
k
15,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000
Promotion of local production of vegetables, fruits, and diaries with the well-known local
names.
m
a
r
10,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000
Establishment of seasonal milk sub products processing centres and their certification
(seasonal diaries) in Cerem, Valbona and Dragobi villages.
l
u
m
16,000 8,000 8,000
Improve land use practices leading to topsoil recover and better erosion control, through
implementation schemes for payment for environmental services
l
u
m
22,500 7,500 7,500 7,500
Establishment of mangers for livestock in Ceremi and Valbona areas. Rehabilitation of existing mangers
for livestock in park area.
c
o
s
2,400 2,400
Promote ecologically and economically sound management of all grazing lands 54,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 9,000 9,000
Undertake pasture cleaning services, especially cleaning from weeds, toxic herbs and stones.
l
u
m
9,000 3,000 3,000 3,000
Establish the models to support the seasonal stay in high mountain pastures such as,
infrastructure for shepherds and seasonal stables for livestock (Infrastructure for livestock
temporary abode).
c
o
s
t
25,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000
Preserve and promote the autochthonous breeds o f “Bardhok” sheep, autochthonous red cow
and autochthonous red goat.
l
u
m
20,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000
Promote beekeeping, medical plants cultivation and sustainable livelihood 305,600 50,320 77,320 95,320 32,320 50,320
Encourage bee-keeping, production of high quality honey, certification of such a product and
its marketing
h
i
21,000 4,200 4,200 4,200 4,200 4,200
Support beekeeping and facilitate the seasonal transport of beehives, especially in Valbona
and Dragobi villages. Increase the number of beehives.
l
u
m
15,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000
Establishment of medicinal plants collection centre on geographical basis mainly in Dragobi
and Cerem villages.
l
u
m
90,000 45,000 45,000
Provide trainings to medicinal plants collectors in the entire park area.
days
5,600 1,120 1,120 1,120 1,120 1,120
Establish areas for cultivation of some medicinal plants that are highly required by the market,
as blueberry in Cerem village.
ha
120,000 24,000 24,000 24,000 24,000 24,000
Establish small scale medicinal plants processing centres in Bajram Curri Town.
l
u
m
54,000 18,000 18,000 18,000
Support to sustainable Forestry 40,000 10,000 10,000 5,000 10,000 5,000
Periodical monitoring, maintenance and protection of forests from fires and illegal logging
mainly in Cerem and from Dragobi to Markovce areas.
l
u
m
12,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500
Phyto-sanitary cutting (cutting of damaged parts) of entire park territory and rehabilitation of
damaged forests in Valbona area.
o
p
e
15,000 5,000 5,000 5,000
Forestation with pine, fir or spruce of burned sites in Valbona area
o
p
e
r
12,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500
Grand Total 473,900 96,900 121,500 126,500 58,000 71,000

Technical Assistance for Strengthening the Capacity of the Ministry of Environment in Albania for Law Drafting and Enforcement of
National Environmental Legislation
156
Promote scientific research and education
Unit
Total cost (€) 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Encourage research that will provide knowledge of the values of the protected area and
inform its management
45,000 10,800 10,800 7,800 7,800 7,800
Update periodically the existing habitat map according Natura 2000; reflect on habitat map all
environmental developments within park area.
c
o
s
t
5,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000
Carry out a study on medicinal plants in the area in order to update the existing data
l
u
m
7,500 1,500 1,500 1500 1500 1500
Carry out a study and periodical monitoring of park flora and fauna in order to update the existing data.
c
o
s
9,000 1,800 1,800 1,800 1,800 1,800
Develop educational and promotional programs (professional practices programs) for local schools and
local communities.
l
u
m
10,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000
Carry out periodical studies and monitoring of water quality in the entire park area and drinking water
parameters Valbona River, Ceremi stream, Motina Stream.
l
u
m
7,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500
Identification of rare species and habitats and develop the recovery programme.
l
u
m
3,500 1,750 1,750
Identify the threatened and endemic plants and flora locations and undertake measures for
protection.
l
u
m
2,500 1,250 1,250
Improve public awareness, understanding and appreciation of the environments of the
protected area and the potential impacts of human activities on these environments
29,200 6,400 6,400 6,400 5,000 5,000
Organize forest and pasture users trainings on sustainable economic activities
t
r
a
4,200 1,400 1,400 1,400
Support local NGOs and media on awareness raising activities
No additional
cost
Produce posters, year calendar of events including religious activities, information leaflets, for
promoting the area. Production of visitor guide.
l
u
m
25,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000
Grand Total 74,200 17,200 17,200 14,200 12,800 12,800

Technical Assistance for Strengthening the Capacity of the Ministry of Environment in Albania for Law Drafting and Enforcement of
National Environmental Legislation
157
Annex V: Budget separated into programs and actions for Gashi River
Strict Nature Reserve
Strengthen the protected area management system
Total Cost
(€)
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Enforce the provisions of any existing legal and sub legal act to seasonal visitors and users
of Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve Area
20,000 5,600 3,600 3,600 3,600 3,600
Establish cooperation with transboundary of PA administration in Kosovo and Montenegro; Prepare MoU for
PA and wildlife protection.
No
additional
cost
Enforce the ban on hunting.
No
additional
cost
Identify and inspect the banned activities inside the PA; periodical monitoring of the area; Impose fines for
violation of the closure decision
1,875 375 375 375 375 375
Control, prevent and follow up on fires in forests and pastures, prosecute authors of intentional fires.
Coordinate fire control with Communes and DFS.
1,725 345 345 345 345 345
Control the grazing activity in the buffer zone and the impacts on the strict nature reserve. 3,600 720 720 720 720 720
Ban all seasonal human activities inside the reserve territory. Impose fines for the activities in order
to respect the status of the area. Continuous monitoring of people entrance within the protected
area. Establish a monitoring point in Markovce area.
5,450
2690 690 690 690 690
Control and regulate medicinal plants collection outside the reserve (buffer zone). Enforce the ban
of medicinal plants according to the reserve status. Monitoring of impact into the strict nature
reserve. Collection fees for medicinal herbs collection. .
3,600 720 720 720 720 720
Licenses issued for regular and correct medicinal herbs collection to the authorized persons or
group of persons based in villages they represent outside the reserve – buffer zone.
No
additional
cost
Manage and control the existing/heritage stables within the strict nature reserve. Prevention of
construction of new stables in the area.
1,875 375 375 375 375 375
Minimize the logging by seasonal stable owners; use of the damaged trees for their individual
needs.
1,875 375 375 375 375 375
Establishment of a Joint Management Committee for the park areas (list) with membership from
local and central authorities and stakeholders.
No
additional
cost
Increase the effectiveness of protected area management system by strengthening relevant
institutions towards an effective law enforcement and prosecution service for violation of
environmental requirements
33,850 14,170 4,920 4,920 4,920 4,920
Provide on job training for DFS staff, commune staff. 12,600 2,520 2,520 2,520 2,520 2,520
Create and keep update a webpage for the Alps area, including a regular newsletter 14,500 4,900 2,400 2,400 2,400 2,400
Equip the DFS staff supervising the reserve with PA uniforms; 6,750 6,750
Strengthen the co-operation among communes, forestry, and other local stakeholders. 24,200 12,050 10,050 700 700 700
Prepare and approve a MoU for cooperation transboundaiy authorities for effective management,
preservation and conservation of the entire Alps area.
No
additional
cost
Organize study tours to EU PA in which strict nature reserve responsible persons at DFS may take
part.
20,700 11,350 9,350
Exchange periodical visits in trounsboundary protected areas “Prokletije” National Park in Montenegro and
“Bjeshket e Namuna” National Park in Kosovo
3,500 700 700 700 700 700
Grand Total 78,050 31,820 18,570 9,220 9,220 9,220

Technical Assistance for Strengthening the Capacity of the Ministry of Environment in Albania for Law Drafting and Enforcement of
National Environmental Legislation
158
Promote scientific research and education
Total cost
(€)
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Encourage research that will provide knowledge of the values of the protected area and
inform its management
35,000 8,800 8,800 5,800 5,800 5,800
Update periodically the existing habitat map according Natura 2000; reflect on habitat map all
environmental developments within strict nature reserve area.
5,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000
Carry out a study on medicinal plants in the area in order to update the existing data 7,500 1,500 1,500 1500 1500 1500
Carry out a study and periodical monitoring of park flora and fauna in order to update the existing data
9,000 1,800 1,800 1,800 1,800 1,800
Carry out periodical studies and monitoring of water quality in the entire reserve area and drinking water
parameters in Gashi River, Balcina Stream, Lugu i Vocit Stream, Javorri Stream.
7,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500
Identification of rare species and habitats and develop the recovery programme. 3,500 1,750 1,750
Identify the threatened and endemic plants and flora locations and undertake measures for
protection
2,500 1,250 1,250
Improve public awareness, understanding and appreciation of the environments of the
protected area and the potential impacts of human activities on these environments
32,360 8,680 8,680 5,000 5,000 5,000
Organize awareness activities and trainings for seasonal inhabitants of Bjeshket e Gashit area. 7,360 3,680 3,680
Support to local NGOs and media on awareness raising activities
No
additional
cost
Produce posters, information leaflets and brochures, for promoting the area. 25,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000
Grand Total 67,360 17,480 17,480 10,800 10,800 10,800

Technical Assistance for Strengthening the Capacity of the Ministry of Environment in Albania for Law Drafting and Enforcement of
National Environmental Legislation
159
Annex VI: Animal and plant species present in the park area
Animals
INVERTEBRATES
This is a list of the invertebrate species recorded in Albanian Alps Area. In the present list, the
invertebrate species are represented by insect group.The species listed in this Annex are indicated by:
 the name of the species or subspecies, or
 all the species belonging to a higher taxon or to a designated part of that taxon;
The abbreviation ‘sp.’ after the name of a family or genus designates all the species belonging to that
family or genus.
Interpretation
1. Annex I: means Annex I of the DIRECTIVE 2009/147/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 30 November 2009
on the conservation of wild birds. The Annex I provides the list of species that shall be the subject of special conservation measures
concerning their habitat in order to ensure their survival and reproduction in their area of distribution.
2. Annex II: means Annex II of the COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild
fauna and flora. The Annex II provides the list of ANIMAL AND PLANT SPECIES OF COMMUNITY INTEREST WHOSE CONSERVATION
REQUIRES THE DESIGNATION OF SPECIAL AREAS OF CONSERVATION
3. Annex IV: means ANNEX IV II of the COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of
wild fauna and flora. The Annex VI provides ANIMAL AND PLANT SPECIES OF COMMUNITY INTEREST IN NEED OF STRICT
PROTECTION
4. Annex V of the Directive: means Annex II of the COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural
habitats and of wild fauna and flora. The Annex V provides ANIMAL AND PLANT SPECIES OF COMMUNITY INTEREST WHOSE TAKING
IN THE WILD AND EXPLOITATION MAY BE SUBJECT TO MANAGEMENT MEASURES.
5. Priority species: means species which, according to COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 92/43/EEC, are endangered within the European territory of
the Member States to which the Treaty applies, except those species whose natural range is marginal in that territory and which are
not endangered or vulnerable in the western palearctic region10.
6. IUCN: means species' conservation status as assessed by the IUCN.
CR
Critically Endangered
The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild.
EN
Endangered
The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
VU
Vulnerable
The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.
NT
Near Threatened
The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely
to do so in the future.
LC
Least Concern
There are no current identifiable risks to the species.
DD
Data Deficient
There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species.
LR/cd
Lower Risk/conservation
dependent
Species which were the focus of conservation programmes and may have moved into a higher risk
category if that programme was discontinued.
LR/nt
Lower Risk/near threatened
Species which are close to being classified as Vulnerable but are not the subject of conservation
programmes.
LR/lc
Lower Risk/least concern
Species for which there are no identifiable risks.
7. The abbreviation “n.a.” means not applicable.
10 The Palearctic region is one of the eight eco-zones dividing the Earth's surface. Physically, the Palearctic is the largest eco-zone. It includes
the terrestrial eco-regions of Europe, Asia north of the Himalaya foothills, northern Africa, and the northern and central parts of the Arabian
Peninsula.

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CLASS/ORDER/FAMILY/Speci
es
Common Name
Albanian name
Anne
x I
Anne
x II
Anne
x
IV
Anne
x V
IUCN
Comment
INSECTA
Insektet
DERMAPTERA
FORFICULIDAE
Anechura bipunctata F.
Encoutered in
vermoshi area
Forficula obtusangula Ser.
Encoutered in
vermoshi area
LABIIDAE
Labis minor L.
Encoutered in
vermoshi area
COLEOPTERA
Flatrafortët
BUBRESTIDAE
Buprestis splendens
Goldstreifiger
x
x
EN
Present in
flat – hilly
sites
Capnodis tenebrionis L.
-
Kapnodi bronz
Present in
Agro
biocenosis
Capnodis cariosa Pall.
-
Kapnodi errët
Present in
Agro
biocenosis
CANTHARIDIDAE
Cantharis fusca L.
Soldier beetle
Trupbuta fuskë
Present in
flat – hilly
areas, shrubs,
forests
Cantharis livida L.
Soldier beetle
Trypbuta
zakonshme
Present in
flat – hilly
sites
Lampyris noctiluca L.
Common glow-worm
Xixëllonja
Present in
flat – hilly
sites
Rhagonycha fulva Scopoli.
common red soldier
beetle
Trupbuta
zakonshme
Present in
flat – hilly
sites
CARABIDAE
Karabidet
Abax carinatus Druft.
Ground beetle
-
Present in
broadleved
forests
Bembidion varium Olivier
Click Beetle
-
Present in all
climatic sites
Brachynus crepitans L.
-
Bombarduesi
Present in
flat – hilly
sites
Calosoma sycophanta L
Forest caterpillar
hunter
Kalosoma
erëkeqe
VU
(A1b)
Present in
hilly-
mountainous
and forest
areas
Carabus coriaceus L.
Click Beetle
Karabusi
Koracfortë
VU
(A1b)
Present in
hilly-
mountainous
sites
Carabus scabrosus Fabr.
Huge Violet Ground
Beetle
Karabusi kokrizor
Present in
hilly-
mountainous
sites
Carabus intricatus L.
Ground beetle
-
LR/nt
Present in
hilly-
mountainous
sites

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Chlaenius spoliatus Rossi.
Ground beetle
-
Present in
aquatic sites,
everywhere
Clivina fossor L.
Ground beetle
-
Present in all
climatic sites
Diachromus germanus L.
Ground beetle
Present in
flat – hilly
sites
Dytiscus latissimus L.
-
Ditiscidi latin
x
VU
Present in
lakes, huge
reservoirs
Harpalus affinis Schik.
Ground beetle
-
Zonat
fushore-
kodrinore
Leistus ferugineus L.
Ground beetle
-
Present in
flat – hilly
sites
Omophron limbatum F.
Ground beetle
-
Present in
aquatic sites,
all climatic
sites
Rhysodes sulcatus
Ground beetle
-
x
Present in
hilly-
mountainous
sites
Zabrus incrassatus Ger.
Ground beetle
Zabrusi
Present in
flat – hilly
sites
CERAMBYCIDAE
Aromia moschata L.
Musk beetle
Antenagjati cerdo
Vu
(A1b)
Present in
flat –
mountainous
sites
Cerambyx cerdo L.
Great capricorn
x
x
VU
Present in
flat –
mountainous
sites
Leptura dubia Scop.
Longhorn beetle
Lepturë
ndryshueshmja
Present in
flat – hilly
sites
Leptura sanguinolata L.
Longhorn beetle
Leptura gjakosur
Present in
coniferous
forests
Oberea linearis L.
-
-
Present in
flat – hilly
sites
Purpuricenus budensis
Götz.
-
Kuqaloshifundzi
Present in
flat – hilly
sites
Purpuricenus kaehleri L.
-
Kuqaloshinjollëzez
ë
VU(A1b
)
Present in
flat – hilly
sites
Rhagium inquisitor L.
Longhorn beetle
-
Present in
coniferous
forests
Rhagium sycophanta Schr.
Longhorn beetle
-
Present in
flat – forest
sites
Rosalia alpina L.
Rosalia longicorn
Rosalia
x
x
VU
Present in
hilly –
mountainous
sites
Strangalia quadrifasciata
L.
Longhorn beetle
Strangalia
katërshiritja
Present in
flat – hilly

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sites
Strangalia aurulenta Fab.
Longhorn beetle
-
Present in
flat – hilly
sites
Sb/Fam. CETONIINAE
Cetonia aurata aurata L.
Rose chafer
Cetonia artë
Present in
flat – hilly
sites, shrub –
forest lands
Oxythyrea funesta Poda.
-
E bronza
erërëndona
Present in
flat – hilly
sites
Potosia metallica Hbst.
-
E bronza metalike
Present in
flat – hilly
sites
CHRYSOMELIDAE
Chrysomela violacea Mull.
-
Krisomela vjollcë
Present in
flat – hilly
sites
Labidostomis humeralis
Shneid.
-
-
Present in
forests flat –
hilly sites
Lachnain sexpunctata Seg.
-
Lakna
gjashtpikëshe
Present in flat
areas with
swallows
Lema melanopus L.
Cereal leaf beetle
Ushunja
krahrorkuqe
Present in
agro
biocenosis;
demages the
cereals
CLERIDAE
Trichodes apiarius L.
Checkered beetles
Bletëngrënësi
zakonshëm
Present in
flat – hilly
sites
COCCINELLIDAE
Adalia bipunctata L.
Two-spot
ladybird; Two-spotted
ladybug ; Two-spotted
lady beetle
2-pikaloshja
Present in
flat – hilly
areas
Coccinella septempunctata
L.
Seven-spot ladybird
7-pikëshja,
mollakuqja
Present in all
climatic areas
Epilachna argus Fabr.
ladybird beetle
-
Present in
flat –
mountanious
areas
Thea vigintiduopunctata L.
ladybird beetle
22-pikëshja
Present in
flat – hilly
sites
ELATERIDAE
Agriotes lineatus L.
Click beetle
Kërcyesi i
zakonshëm
Present in
Agro
biocenosis
Agriotes obscures L.
Click beetle
Kërcyesi i murrmë
Present in
Agro
biocenosis
HISTERIDAE
Clown
beetles or Hister
beetles
Hister beetles
are found
throughout
the world in
various
habitats
Hister(Atholus)
Hister beetle
Trupangrënësi
Present in flat

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bimaculatus L.
dynjollesh
– hilly sites
Hister unicolor L.
Hister beetle
Trupangrënësi
njëngjyrsh
Present in flat
– hilly sites
LUCANIDAE
Dorcus parallelipipedus L.
Dorkusi
paralelopiped
VU(Alb)
MELOIDAE
Epicauta erythrocephala
Pall.
Blister Beetke
Kokëkuqja
Present i all
climatic
zones,
parasite of
locusts
Meloë rugosus Marsh.
Oil beetle
-
Present in flat
– hilly sites
Mylabris quadripunctata L.
-
Katërnjollëshi
Present in flat
– hilly sites
Mylabris crocata Pall.
-
-
Present in flat
–
mountainous
sites
MELYRIDAE
Malachius spinipensis
Germ.
-
Present in flat
– hilly sites
SILPHIDAE
Necrophorus mortuorum
F.
Burying beetle
Trupangrënësi
zakonshëm
Present in flat
– hilly sites
Silpha tristis Ill L.
Trupangrënës i zi
Present in flat
– hilly sites
STAPHYLINIDAE
Rove beetles
Elitrashkurtërit
Staphylinus fossor Scop.
Rove beetle
-
Encountered
in Malësi e
Madhe
Stenus longipes Heer.
Rove beetle
--
Encountered
in Vermosh
Stenus maculiger Ëeise.
Rove beetle
-
Encountered
in Bogë
Stenus morio Gravenhorst.
Rove beetle
-
Encountered
in Vermosh,
Malësi e
Madhe
SCARABAEIDAE
Scarab beetles
Amphicoma vulpes Pall.
-
Flatraforti leshtor
Present in flat
– hilly sites
Amphimallon solstitiale L.
Summer chafer
Skarabidi
qershorit
Present in flat
– hilly sites
Anisoplia agricola Poda.
Scarab beetle
Kryqtari
Present in flat
– hilly sites
Anisoplia austriaca Hbst.
Scarab beetle
Anisopla e të
lashtave
Present in flat
– hilly sites
Anisoplia tempestiva
Erichson.
Scarab beetle
-
Present in
hilly sites
Anomala vitis Fabr.
Vine chafer
Anomala e rrushit
Present in flat
– hilly sites
Copris hispanus L.
Dung beetle
Kopri spanjoll
Present in flat
– hilly sites
Copris lunaris L.
True dung beetle
Kopri hënor
Present in flat
– hilly sites
Epicometis hirta Poda.
Blossom feeder
scarab
E shpupurisura
Present in flat
– hilly sites
Geotrupes mutator Marsh.
Earth-boring dung
beetles
Geotrupesi i
ndryshueshëm
Present in
hilly –
mountaniuos
sites
Geotrupes spiniger Marsh.
Earth-boring dung
-
Present in

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beetles
hilly –
mountaniuos
sites
Geotrupes silvaticus Ponz
earth-boring dung
beetles
Geotrupesi pyjor
Gymnopleurus geoffroyi
Fuesol.
Dung beetle
-
Present in
hilly –
mountaniuos
sites
Gymnopleurus mapsus
Pall.
Dung beetle
Gimnopleri me
qime
EN
Encountered
in Malesi e
Madhe area
Hoplia graminicola F.
Scarabaeid
beetle
-
Present in flat
– hilly sites
Homaloplia marginata
Fuessly.
-
-
Present in flat
sites
Melolontha Melolontha L.
May bug
Brumbulli I majit
Present in
Forest - hilly
sites
Oniticellus fulvus Steph.
-
-
Present in flat
– hilly sites
Onthophagus nuchicornis
L.
Dung beetle
-
Present in
hilly –
mountaniuos
sites
Onthophagus verticornis
Laich.
Dung beetle
-
Present in
hilly –
mountaniuos
sites
Osmoderma eremita
Scopoli.
Hermit beetle
Osmoderma
eremitë
x
x
CR
Encountered
in Thethi area
Pentodon idiota Hbst.
-
Plehëngrënësi i
misrit
Present in flat
– hilly sites
Phyllognathus excarvatus
Forst.
-
-
Present in flat
– hilly sites,
Forest lands
Phyllopertha horticolla L.
Garden chafer
Scarabidi
kopshteve
Present in flat
– hilly sites
Rhizotrogus aesticus
Olivier.
-
Rrënjëbrejtsi i
zakonshëm
Present in flat
sites
Rhombonyx aurata Forst.
-
Flatraforti me
reflekse
Present in flat
– hilly sites,
Forest lands
Scarabaeus affinis Brulle.
Scarab beetle
-
Present in all
climatic
zones,
patsture
lands
Scarabaeus sacer L.
Dung beetle
Skarabidi shëjtë
Present in all
climatic
zones,
patsture
lands
Sisyphus schaefferi L.
Dung beetle
-
Present in
hilly –
mountaniuos
sites
Trichius fasciatus L.
Scarabaeid
beetle
Dyllori
Present in flat
– hilly sites
TENEBRIONIDAE
Tenebrio molitor
Flour beetle
Miellngënësi
Present
everywhere
HEMIPTERA
CIMICIDAE
Cimex lectularius L.
Bed bug
Çimka e shtëpisë
Present in

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buildings
COREIDAE
Rhopalus subrufus Gmell.
Scentless plant bug
-
Stictopoleurus abutilon
abutilon Ro.
scentless plant bug
-
Encountered
in Alps area
GERRIDAE
Gerris paludum F.
Water strider
-
Present in
aquatic
environments
; Present in
flat – hilly
areas
LYGAEIDAE
Cymus claviculus Falle.
Seedbug
-
Present in
graslands,
hilly ,
mountanious
sites
Cymus melanocephalus Fi.
-
-
Present in
graslands,
hilly ,
mountanious
sites
Macroplax preyssleri Fieb.
-
-
Present in
graslands,
hilly,
mountanious
sites
Nysius senecionis Schi.
-
-
Present in
graslands,
hilly ,
mountanious
sites
Trapezonotus ultrichi Fieb.
-
-
Present in
graslands,
hilly ,
mountanious
sites
Xanthochilus quadratus
Fabr.
-
Present in
hilly ,
mountanious
sites
MYRIDAE
Adelphocoris lineolatus
Goeze.
Alfalfa plant bug
-
Present in
graslands,
hilly ,
mountanious
sites
Calocoris affinis Herr.
Grass bug
-
Present in
shrub – forest
lands
Cyphodema mendosum
Mont.
-
-
Present in
graslands,
hilly ,
mountanious
sites
Cyphodema instabile
Lucas.
-
-
Present in
graslands,
flat, hilly,
mountanious
sites
Deraeocoris ruber L.
Mirid Bug
-
Present in
graslands,
flat,
mountanious

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sites
Deraeocoris serenus
Doug&Sc.
-
-
Present in
graslands,
flat,
mountanious
sites;
enciuntered
in Thethi area
Globiceps fulvicollis
Reuter.
-
-
Present in
graslands,
flat,
mountanious
sites
Halticus apterus L.
-
Liocoris tripustulatus Fabr.
Plant bug
-
Present in
graslands,
hilly,
mountanious
sites
Lygus rugulipennis Pop.
-
Present in
graslands,
flat, sites
Orthops kalmi L.
-
-
Present in
graslands,
hilly,
mountanious
sites
Orthocephalus ferrarii
Reut.
-
-
Present in
graslands,
hilly,
mountanious
sites
Orthocephalus saltator
Mul&rev.
-
-
Present in
graslands,
hilly,
mountanious
sites
Plagiognathus arbustorum
Fabr.
-
-
Present in
graslands,
hilly,
mountanious
sites
Plagiognathus fulvipennis
Kirch.
-
-
Present in
graslands,
flat, hilly sites
Polymerus unifasciatus
Fabr.
-
-
Present in
graslands,
flat,
mountainous
sites
Stenodema laevigatum L.
Grass bug
-
Present in
flat-hilly and
mountanious
sites
NABIDAE
Nabis pseudoferus Rem.
Damsel bug
-
Present in
graslands, flat
, hilly sites
NEPIDAE
Nepa cinerea L.
Water stick insect
Akrepi ujor
Present in
aquatic
environments
; Present in
flat – hilly
areas

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Ranatra linearis L.
Gjatoshja
Present in
aquatic
ecosystems
NOTONECTIDAE
Notonecta maculate F.
Backswimmer insect
-
Present in
aquatic
environments
; Present in
flat – hilly
areas
Notonecta glauca L.
-
-
Present in
aquatic
environments
; Present in
flat areas
Notonecta oblique Gall.
-
-
Present in
aquatic, flat,
hilly sites
PENTADOMIDAE
Carpocoris purpureipennis
D.G.
shield bug
-
Alps area
Dolycoris baccarum L.
shield bug
-
Encountered
in Tropoja
region
HYMENOPTERA
APIDAE
Apis mellifera L.
Western honey bee;
Bleta mjaltore
-
Present in all
climatic zones
Bombus terrestris L.
Buff-tailed
bumblebee; large
earth bumblebee
Bombusi tokës
LR (nt)
Present in
flowering
vegetation
sites; present
in flat –
mountainous
sites
Bombus pomorum Panz.
Apple Humble-bee
Bombusi
pomorum
LR (nt)
Present in
forest –
pastures
ecosystems
Bombus hortorum L.
Garden bumblebee
VU
(A1b)
Present in
forest –
pastures
ecosystems
Bombus argillaceus Scoip.
Bumblebee
Present in
flowering
vegetation
sites; Present
in forest –
pastures
ecosystems
FORMICIDAE
Formica rufibarbis F.
European formicine a
nt
-
Present in flat
–
mountainous
sites,
abandoned
lands
Formica fusca L.
Common black
colored ant
-
-
Present in flat
– hilly sites,
abandoned
lands
Formica fusca L.
-
-
-
Present in flat
–
mountainous
sites,

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abandoned
lands
Formica lemoni Bond.
-
-
Common in
all climatic
zones
Formica sanguinea Latr.
Slavemaker ant
Common in
all climatic
zones
Lasius niger F.
Black garden ant
Present in
abandoned
sites of all
climatic zones
VESPIDAE
Vespula germanica Fabr.
German yellow jacket
Gjermania e vogël
Present in all
climatic zones
Xylocopa violacea L.
Violet carpenter bee
Grerëza vjollcë
Present in all
climatic zones
LEPIDOPTERA
ARCTIIDAE
Tyria jacobaeae L.
Cinnabar moth
Trashaluqja
përgjakur
VU
(A1b)
Found in
Thethi
CTENUCHIDAE
Dysauxes ancilla L.
-
Vogëlushja e
myshqeve
LR (nt)
HESPERIIDAE
Carcharodus flocciferus
-
Flociferja
VU
(A1b)
Pyrgus armoricanus
-
Pirgusi I Oberturit
EN
(A1b)
LASCIOCAMPIDAE
Malacosoma neustria L.
Lackey moth
Unazorja
Present in all
climatic
zones; couses
damages
Macrothylacia rubi L.
Fox moth
-
Encountered
in Vermosh
LYCAENIDAE
Cupido minimus Fuessly.
Small Blue
Vogëlushja blu
VU
(A1b)
Lampides boeticus L.
Peablue, Pea Blue,
Trupgjata vjollcë-
blu
Encountered
in Tropoja
region
Heodes virgaureae (
Lycaena virgaureae) L.
Scarce Copper
Flakëroshja e
rrallë
Lycaeides idas L. (Plebejus
idas)
Idas
Blue or Northern
Blue
Idas blu
Found in
Tropojë and
Theth
Plebejus eumedon
(Eumedonia eumedon)
Esper.
Geranium Argus
Flatrakafejta e
kamaroshës
Polyommatus (Lysandra)
dorylas (Denis &
Schiffermuller)
Turquoise Blue
Kaltëroshja e
jonxhës
Encountered
in Tropoja
and Thethi
areas
Polyommatus semiargus
(Cyaniris semiargus) Rott.
Mazarine Blue
Kaltëroshja vjollcë
e pyllit
Encountered
in Thethi
Thecla betulae L.
Brown Hairstreak
Bishtakja e
mështeknës
VU
(A1b)
Encountered
in Vermoshi
area
NOCTUIDAE
Scotia segetum Schiff.
-
Flutura e krimbit
të misrit
Present in all
agrobiocenosi
s
NOTODONTIDAE

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Phalera bucephala L.
Buff-tip
Bucefalja
Encountered
in Vermoshi
area
NYMPHALIDAE
Aglais urticae L.
Small Tortoiseshell
Flutura e hithrave
Founf in
Thethi, Maja
e Hekurave
Apatura ilia [Denis and
Schiffermüller]
Lesser Purple
Emperor
Apatura
VU
(A1b)
Arethusana arethusa
D.&Sch.
False Grayling
Aretusa
VU
(A1b)
Argynnis paphia L.
Silver-washed
Fritillary
Pafia
Encountered
in Vermosh
area
Brenthis hecate
Den.&Schif.
Twin-spot Fritillary
Hekatja
Encountered
in Valbona
area
Chazara briseis L.
Hermit
Briseida
VU
(A1b)
Coenonympha pamphilus
L.
Small Heath
Pamfilia
Encountered
in Vermoshi
area
Cynthia cardui L. (Vanessa
cardui)
Painted Lady
Shtegtaria e
rrugëve
-
Present in all
climatic zones
Erebia ligea L.
Arran Brown
Zijoshja kafe
Found in
Thethi area
Erebia medusa Den&Schif.
Woodland Ringlet
Zijoshja e pyllit
x
VU
(A1b)
Found in
Vermosh,
Maja e
Hekurave
Fabriciana adippe
Den.&Schif
High Brown Fritillary
Adipja
Included in
the Albanian
Red List
Hipparchia statilinus Huf.
Tree Grayling
Statilinia
VU
(A1b)
Inachis io L.
European Peacock
“Sypalloi” I dites
Present in all
climatic zones
Issoria lathonia L.
Queen of Spain
Fritillary
Flatrargjenda e
vogel
Encountered
in Vermosh
Maniola jurtina Esp.
Meadow Brown
E kafejta e
livadheve
Present in all
climatic zones
Melanargia galathea L.
Marbled White
Galatea
Present in all
climatic zones
Melanargia larissa Geyer.
Balkan Marbled White
Laramanja Larise
Found in
Tropoja area
Mellicta athalia Rott.
Heath Fritillary
Athalia
VU
(A1b)
Melitaea cinxia L.
Glanville Fritillary
Cinksia
VU
(A1b)
Found in
(B.Curr) and
Malesi e
Madhe areas
Melitaea trivia
Denis & Schiffermüller
Lesser Spotted
Fritillary
Trivia
VU
(A1b)
Minois dryas Scop.
The Dryad
Driada
VU
(A1b)
Nymphalis antiopa L.
Mourning Cloak
Zimbajtesja
VU
(A1b)
Nymphalis xanthomelas
(Denis & Schiffermüller)
Scarce Tortoiseshell
Kembeverdha
VU
(A1b)
Polygonia C-album L.
Comma; angle wings
C-bardha
Present in all
climatic zones
Speyeria aglaja L.
Dark Green Fritillary
Njollaperla
PAPILIONIDAE
Iphiclides podalirius Scop.
Scarce Swallowtail
Flatrabishtori
Present in all

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podalir
climatic zones
Parnassius apollo L.
Mountain Apollo
Apollonja
x
VU
Parnassius mnemosyne L.
Clouded Apollo
Mnemozinja
x
VU
Papilio machaon L.
Old World Swallowtail
Flatrabishtori
makaon
Present in all
climatic zones
Zerynthia cerisyi Godart.
Eastern Festoon
Cerisja
VU
(A1b)
PIERIDAE
Bardhoshet
Aporia crataegi L.
Black-veined White
Bardhoshja e
murizes
Present in all
climatic zones
Colias croceus Geoffroy.
Dark Clouded Yellow
Common Clouded
Yellow
Verdhoshja krocea
Present in all
climatic zones
Gonepteryx rhamni L.
Common Brimstone
Limonja e
barbletes
Present in all
climatic zones
Leptidea sinapis L.
Wood White
Flutura e
mustardes
Present in all
climatic zones
Pieris brassicae L.
Large White;
Cabbage Butterfly
Flutura e lakres
Present in all
climatic zones
Pieris krueperi Strg.
Krueper’s Small White
Bardhoshja e
Krueperit
VU(A1b
)
Encountered
in Tropoja
region
Pieris rapae
Small White; Small
Cabbage White
Flutura e vogël e
lakres
Present in all
climatic zones
SPHINGIDAE
Hemaris tityus L.
Narrow-bordered Bee
Hawk-moth
Sfingidi barzgjebes
VU
ZYGAENIDAE
Adscita geryon Hübner.
Cistus Forester
-
Zygaena carniolica Scop.
-
Zigena esparcetes
Present in all
climatic zones
Zygaena loti L.
Slender Burnet
Zigena e
mijefletyeses
VU
(A1b)
NEUROPTERA
ASCALAPHIDAE
Libelloides longicornis
Scop.
VU(A1b
)
Encoutered in
Vermoshi
area
CHRYSOPIDAE
Chrysopa septempunctat
Ë.
Encoutered in
Vermoshi
area
Chrysopa prasina Burn.
Encoutered in
Vermoshi
area
Chrysopa abbreviata Curt.
Encoutered in
Vermoshi
area
Chrysopa perla L.
Encoutered in
Vermoshi
area
MYRMELEONTIDAE
Palpares libelluloides L.
Encoutered in
Vermoshi
area
ODONATA
CALOPTERYGIDAE
Calopteryx splendes
Harris.
Banded Demoiselle
Plivesa me shirita
Present in
aquatic areas
, grasslands
Calopteryx virgo L.
Beautiful Demoiselle
Pilivesa e bukur
-
Present in
aquatic sites,
flat – hilly
sites

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Ceriagrion tenellum De
Villers.
Small Red Damselfly
Pilivesa e vogël e
kuqe
LR (nt)
Coenagrion ornatum Selys.
Ornate Bluet
Kaltëroshja e
vogël
x
LR (nt)
Present in
aquatic sites
Libellula depressa L.
Broad-bodied
Abdomengjëra
-
Present in
aquatic sites
of flat – hilly
areas
Lestes sponsa Hanseman.
Emerald
Damselfly
Pilivesa - ngjyrë
smeraldi
Present in
aquatic sites
of flat – hilly
areas
Lindenia tetraphylla
Vander- Linden.
The Bladetail
-
x
x
Present in
aquatic sites
of flat – hilly
areas
Sympetrum sanguineum
Müller.
Ruddy Darter
Peliveza e kuqe
Present close
and in the
aquatic sites,
flat – hilly
sites
ORTHOPTERA
Anacridium aegyptium L.
Egyptian Locust
Present in flat
– hilly areas
Gryllus campestris L.
Field cricket
Present in all
climatic zones
Phaneroptera falcate
Scop.
Sickle-bearing Bush
Cricket
-
-
Tettigonia viridissima L.
Great Green Bush-
Cricket
Antenagjati
gjelberosh
-
Present in
humid
grasslands;
flat-hilly sites

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VERTEBRATES
This is a list of the vertebrate species recorded in Albanian Alps area. The species listed in this Annex are
indicated by:
 the name of the species or subspecies, or
 all the species belonging to a higher taxon or to a designated part of that taxon;
The abbreviation ‘sp.’ after the name of a family or genus designates all the species belonging to that
family or genus.
1. Mammals: There are 37 mammal species in Albanian Alps area of which none is critically
endangered, none is endangered, 3 are near-threatened, 16 are of Least concern, 16 are LR/lc
(Lower Risk/ least concern) and 1 is Vulnerable according IUCN categorisation.
2. Birds: The avifauna of Albanian Alps includes a total of 135 species, of which 130 are classified
as least concern, 2 are classified as near threatened species and 2 speciesis are classified as
endangered according IUCN classification.
3. Reptiles: There are 31 reptile species encounterd within the Albanian Alps area, of which 14
species are included in Annex IV of EU Habitat Directive and 3 species are included in both
Annexes II and IV of the EU Habitat Directive; according the IUCN classification the reptile
species are classified as near threatened (2 species), lower risk/near threatened (1 species),
vulnerandle (1 species) and least concern (20 species).
4. Amphibians: The Albanian Alps area hosts a total of 12 species, of which 5 amphibian species
are included Annex IV of EU Habitat Directive; according IUCN classification amphibian species
encounterd within the Alps area are classified as LC (11 species) and CR (1 species).
5. Fishes: The fish species of the area are represented by species found Valbona, Thethi, Vermoshi
Rivers; however there are not periodical studies on fish and aquatic fauna assessment. There are
found 7 fish species in the Alps area, of which 2 species are included in the Annex II of EU
Habitat Directive; Accordind the IUCN classification 1 species is critically endangered, 1 species is
endanhered and 2 species are included in “least concern” category.

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CLASS/ORDER/Family/S
pecies
Common
Name
Albanian
common name
Annex
I
Annex
II
Annex
IV
Annex
V
IUCN
Comment
FISHES
ANGUILLIFORMES
Anguillidae
Anguilla anguilla
European eel
Ngjala
CR
Present to Shkodra, Ohrid,
Prespa Lakes and Cemi,
Buna, Kiri, Drini,
Shkumbini and Vjosa
Rivers.
As Implementation of
CITES and in accordance
with EC Regulation
338/97, import or export
of eel in the EU is banned.
Management plan is
missing in Albania.
CYPRINIFORMES
Cyprinidae
Pseudorasbora parva
Stone moroko
LC
Present ia all albanian
rivers
SALMONIFORMES
Salmonidae
Salmo farioides
Balkan brook
trout; Drini
Trout
Trofta e Drinit
Present to Shkodra Lake
and Drini, Valbona, Thethi,
Kiri, Cemi and Mati Rivers
Salmo marmoratus
Marble trout
Trofta e
mermerte
x
LC
Native to Shkodra Lake
and Drini, (Valobona and
White Drini) Rivers
Salmo obtusirostris
Soft-muzzled
trout
EN
Native to Cemi River.
Salmo trutta fario
Brown trout
Trofta e
murrme
Vermoshi River
Salvelinus fontinalis
brook trout
Trofta e artë,
trofta e
përrenjve,
trofta e artë e
përrenjve
Invasive, Introduced
species in Shkodra Lake
basin (Drini, Cemi, Kiri,
Valbona Rivers)
AMPHIBIA
n.a.
CAUDATA
Salamandridae
Salamandra
salamandra
Fire
salamander
E bukura e
dheut
LC
Salamandra atra
Alpinesalama
nder
Salamandra
alpine
x
LC
Triturus carnifex
(Triturus cristatus
carnifex)
Italian Crested
Newt
Tritoni i madh,
tritoni me
kreshtë
x
x
LC
Triturus alpestris
Alpinenewt
Tritoni alpin
LC
ANURA
Bufonidae
Bufo bufo
Common Toad
Thithlopa,
bllaçkëlopa
LC
Bufo viridis
Green Toad
Zhaba, zhaba e
gjelbër
x
LC
Discoglossidae
Bombina variegata
Yellow-
Bellied Toad
Bretkoca
barkverdhë
LC

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Hylidae
Hyla arborea
Common tree
frog
Bretkoca e
pemëve
x
LC
Ranidae
Pelophylax
ridibundus
Marsh Frog
Bretkoca e
kenetave
LC
Pelophylax
shqipericus
Albanian
Water Frog
Bretcoca e
Shqiperise
EN
Rana graeca
Greek Stream
Frog
Bretkoca greke,
bretkoca e
përrenjve
x
LC
Rana temporaria
European
common frog
Bretkoca e
kuqrremtë,
bretloca e
maleve
LC
REPTILES
n.a.
CHELONIA
(TESTUDINES)
Emydidae
Emys orbicularis
European
Pond Terrapin
Breshkujca,
breshkujësja,
breshkujca
europiane
x
x
LR/nt
Testudinidae
Testudo hermanni
Herman's
Tortoise
Breshka e
zakonshme,
Breshka e
Hermanit
x
x
NT
GEOMYDIDAE
Mauremys rivulata
Caspian turtle
Breshka kaspike
SAURIA
Anguidae
Anguis fragilis
Slow-worm
Kakëzogëza,
kakroga
Pseudopus apodus
European
Legless Lizard
Zhapiku pa
kemebe
Evropian
Gekkonidae
Hemidactylus
turcicus
Mediterranea
n House
Gecko
Geko
mesdhetar I
shtepise
LC
Lacertidae
Algyroides
nigropunctatus
Blue-throated
Keeled Lizard
Hardhuca e
shkëmbinjve,
hardhuca
pikazezë
x
LC
Lacerta agilis
Sand Lizard
Zhapiku i
shpejtë
x
LC
Lacerta
montenegrina
Montenegrin
lizard
Hardhuca
malazeze
Lacerta trilineata
Balkan Green
Lizard
Zhapiku me tri
vija
x
LC
Lacerta viridis
European
Green Lizard
Zhapiu i gjelbër,
zhapiku i
gjelbër, çapini
x
LC
Podarcis muralis
Common Wall
Lizard
Hardhuca e
mureve,
hardhja,
hardha,
hardhela
x
LC
Podarcis tauricus
Balkan Wall
Hardhuca e
LC

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lizard
barit, hardhuca
ballkanike e
mureve
Podarcis melisellensis
Dalmatian
Wall Lizard
Hardhuca
shpinëgjelbër,
hardhuca e
mureve
dalmatine
LC
Podarcis oxycephala
Sharp-
snouted Rock
Lizard
LC
Zootoca vivipara
common
lizard
Zhapiku vivipar
LC
Scincidae
Ablepharus kitaibelii
European
Snake-eyed
Skink
Zhapiu me
kembe te vogla
x
LC
OPHIDIA (SERPENTES)
Colubridae
Coluber caspius
Caspian Whip
Snake
Shigjeta e gjatë,
astriti, biskari,
shigjetulla,
gjetulla, beri
x
Coluber (Hierophis)
gemonensis
Balkan Whip
Snake
Shigjeta e
shkurtër
LC
Platyceps najadum
Dahl's Whip
Snake
Shigjeta e hollë
LC
Coronella austriaca
Smooth
Snake
Gjarpri i butë
x
Elaphe longissima
Aesculapian
Snake
Bolla e
shtëpisë, breva
x
LC
Elaphe
quatuorlineata
Four-lined
Snake
Bolla me kater
vija
x
x
NT
Malpolon
monspessulanus
Montpellier
snake
Biroja
LC
Natrix natrix
Grass snake
Gjarpri i barit,
bollujca,
bollujësa
LC
Telescopus falax
European Cat
Snake
Gjarpri me lara
x
LC
Typhlopidae
Typhlops
vermicularis
Worm Snake
Gjarpri i verber
krymbor
Zamenis situla
Leopard
Snake
Gjarpri leopard
LC
Viperidae
Vipera ammodytes
Nose-horned
Viper
Nëpërka,
nëpërka me bri,
rrëshaja, buçi,
sheliga, shlliga,
laruka, nepka
x
LC
Vipera berus
European
Adder
Nëpërka e
malit, nëpërka
me njolla e
malit
LC
Vipera ursinii
Meadow
Viper, Ursini's
viper
Nëpërka e
vogël e malit,
nëpërka e malit
me zigzake,
nëpërka
e Ursinit
x
VU
BIRDS

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APODIFORMES
Apodidae
Apus apus
Swift
Dejka
LC
Apus melba
Alpine Swift
Dejka
gjoksbardhe
LC
CAPRIMULGIFORMES
Caprimulgidae
Caprimulgus
europaeus
Nightjar
x
LC
CORACIIFORMES
Alcedinidae
Alcedo athis
Kingfisher
Bilbili i ujit
x
LC
Meropidae
Merops apiaster
(European)
Bee-eater
Grilla
LC
Upupidae
Upupa epops
Hoopoe
Pupeza
LC
COLUMBIFORMES
Columbidae
Columba livia
Rock Dove
Pëllumbi i egër i
shkëmbit
LC
Columba oenas
Stock Dove
Pëllumbi i egër
LC
Columba palumbus
Common
Wood Pigeon
Guhaku
LC
Streptopelia decaocto
(Eurasian)
Collared Dove
Kumria
LC
Streptopelia turtur
Turtle Dove
Turtulli
LC
Cuculidae
Cuculus canorus
Cuckoo
Qyqja
LC
FALCONIFORMES.
Accipitridae
Accipiter gentilis
Gosshawk
Gjaraqina
x
LC
Accipiter nisus
Sparrowhawk
Gjeraqina e
shkurtër
x
LC
Accipiter brevipes
Levant
Sparrowhawk
Gjeraqina
këmbëshkurtër
x
LC
Aquila heliaca
Imperial Eagle
x
VU
Aquila chrysaetos
Golden Eagle
Shqiponja e
maleve
LC
Buteo buteo
Common
Buzzard
Huta
LC
Buteo rufinus
Long-legged
Buzzard
Huta
bishtbardhë
x
LC
Circaetus gallicus
Short-toed
Eagle
Shqiponja
gjarpërngrënës
e
x
LC
Gyps fulvus
Griffon
Vulture
Shkaba
x
LC
Hieraaetus (Aquila)
penatus
Booted Eagle
Shqiponja
bishtvizuar
x
LC
Hieraaetus (Aquila)
fasciatus
Bonelli's Eagle
Shqiponja e
vogël
x
LC
Neophron
percnopterus
Egyptian
Vulture
Kali i qyqes
x
EN
Pernis apivorus
Honey
Buzzard
Huta
grenxangrënëse
x
LC
Migrant species. Present in
summer.
Falconidae
Falco naumanni
Lesser Kestrel
x
LC
Falco tinnunculus
(Eurasian)
Kestrel
Skifteri
kthetrazi
LC
Falco subbuteo
(Eurasian)
Hobby
Skifteri i
drurëve
LC
Falco biarmicus
Lanner Falcon
Skifteri i
Mesdheut
x
LC

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Falco cherrug
Saker Falcon
Skifteri i
gjuetisë
x
EN
Falco peregrinus
Peregrine
Falcon
Krahëthati
x
LC
GALLIFORMES
Phasianidae
Alectoris graeca
Patridge
Thëllëza e malit
x
NT
Perdix perdix
Grey Partridge
Thëllëza e
fushës
x
LC
Tetraonidae
Bonasa bonasia
Hazel Grouse
Pula me cafkë
x
LC
Tetrao urogallus
(Eurasian)
Capercaillie
Gjeli i egër
x
LC
Tetrao tetrix
Black Grouse
x
LC
GRUIFORMES
Gruidae
Grus grus
(Common)
Crane
x
LC
PASSERIFORMES
Aegithalidae
Aegithalos caudatus
Long-tailed Tit
Trishtili
bishtgjatë
kokëbardhë
LC
Alaudidae
Alauda arvensis
(Eurasian)
Skylark
Lauresha
LC
Eremophila alpestris
Horned Lark
Lauresha me
brirë
LC
Galerida cristata
Crested Lark
Dervishi
LC
Lullula arborea
Woodlark
Drenja
x
LC
Certhiidae
Certhia familiaris
Treecreeper
Piku rrotullues
LC
Certia brachydactyla
Short-toed
Treecreeper
Rrotulluesi
gishtshkurtër
LC
Cinclidae
Cinclus cinclus
Dipper
Mëllenjë uji
LC
Corvidae
Corvus frugilegus
Rook
Korbi
sqepbardhë
LC
Corvus monedula
Jackdaw
LC
Corvus corax
Raven
Korbi
LC
Corvus corone
Carrion crow
LC
Garrulus glandarius
Jay
Grifsha
LC
Nucifraga
cariocatactes
Nutcracker
Bocethyesi
LC
Pica pica
Magpie
Laraska
LC
Pyrrhocorax graculus
Alpine Cough
Korbi sqepkuq
LC
Emberizidae
Emberiza citrinella
Yellowhamme
r
Cerla
verdhoshe
LC
Emberiza cirlus
Cirl Bunting
Cerla
gushëgjelbër
LC
Emberiza cia
Rock Bunting
Cerla e malit
LC
Emberiza hortulana
Ortolan
Bunting
Cerla e kopshtit
x
LC
Emberiza
melanocephala
Black-headed
Bunting
Cerla kokëzezë
LC
Miliaria calandra
Corn Bunting
Cerla e
zakonshme
LC
Fringillidae
Carduelis chloris
Greenfinch
Verduni
LC
Carduelis carduelis
Goldfinch
Gardelina
LC
Carduelis spinus
Siskin
Cirla dimërake
LC

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Carduelis cannabina
Linnet
Kërpngrënësi
LC
Coccothraustes
coccothraustes
Hawfinch
Sqeptrashi
LC
Fringilla coelebs
Chaffinch
Avdosa,
Zboraksi
LC
Fringilla
montifringilla
Brambling
Zboraksi i malit
LC
Loxia curvirostra
Common
Crossbil
Sqepkryqi
LC
Pyrrhula pyrrhula
(Eurasian)
Bullfinch
Kuqalashi
cafkëzezë
LC
Serinus serinus
(European)
Serin
Zog bari
sqepshkurtër
LC
Hirundinidae
Delichon urbica
House Martin
Dallëndyshja
bisht bardhë
LC
Hirundo rustica
Barn Swallow
Dallëndyshja
bishtgërshërë
LC
Hirundo daurica
Red-rumped
Swallow
Dallëndyshja
kërbisht kuqe
LC
Ptyonoprogne
rupestris
(Eurasian)
Crag Martin
Dallëndyshja e
gurëve
LC
Riparia riparia
Sand Martin
Dallëndyshja e
lumit
LC
Laniidae
Lanius collurio
Red-backed
Shrike
Larashi
kurrizkuq
x
LC
Lanius senator
Woodchat
Shrike
Larashi
kokëkuq
LC
Motacillidae
Anthus trivialis
Tree Pipit
Drenja e pyllit
LC
Anthus pratensis
Meadow Pipit
Drenja e luadhit
LC
Anthus spinoletta
Water Pipit
Drenja e malit
LC
Motacilla cinerea
Grey Wagtail
Bishtatundësi i
malit
LC
Motacilla alba
Pied Wagtail
Bishtatundësi i
bardhë
LC
Muscicapidae
Erithacus rubecula
(European)
Robin
Gushëkuqi
LC
Ficedula
semitorquata
Semi-collared
Flycatcher
Mizakapësi
krahëvizuar
x
NT
Ficedula albicollis
Collared
Flycatcher
Mizakapësi
qafëbardhë
x
LC
Ficedula hypoleuca
(European)
Pied
Flycatcher
Mizakapësi i zi
LC
Luscinia
megarhynchos
(Common)
Nightingale
Bilbili
LC
Muscicapa striata
Spotted
Flycatcher
Mizakapësi i
përhimë
LC
Oenanthe oenanthe
Wheatear
Bishtbardha e
gurit
LC
Oenanthe hispanica
Black-eared
Wheatear
Bishtbardha e
gurit
LC
Phoenicurus ochruros
Black Redstart
Bishtkuqi
zeshkan
LC
Phoenicurus
phoenicurus
(Common)
Redstart
Bishtkuqi i
mureve
LC
Saxicola rubetra
Whinchat
Ceku kokëzi
LC
Oriolidae
Oriolus oriolus
Golden Oriole
Bengu
LC
Paridae
Parus palustris
Marsh Tit
Trishtili i vogël i
LC

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murrmë
Parus lugubris
Sombre Tit
LC
Parus ater
Coal Tit
Trishtili i zi
LC
Parus caeruleus
Blue Tit
Trishtili i kaltër
LC
Parus major
Great Tit
Trishtili i madh
LC
Passeridae
Passer domesticus
House
Sparrow
Harabeli i
shtëpisë
LC
Passer montanus
Field Sparrow
Harabeli i
fushës
LC
Petronia petronia
Rock Sparrow
Harabeli i
gurëve
LC
Prunellidae
Prunella modularis
Dunnock
Dredhuesi
gushëpërhimë
LC
Prunella collaris
Apine
Accentor
Dredhuesi i
Alpeve
LC
Regulidae
Regulus regulus
Goldcrest
Mbretthi
LC
Regulus ignicapillus
Firecrest
Mbretthi vetull
bardhë
LC
Sittidae
Sitta europaea
European
Nuthatch
Zvarritësi i
drurëve
LC
Sitta neumayer
Rock
Nuthatch
Zvarritësi i
shkrepave
LC
Sylviidae
Hippolais icterina
Icterin
Warbler
Fishkëllyesi
gushëbardhë
LC
Phylloscopus sibilatrix
Wood
Warbler
Fishkëllyesi i
madh
LC
Phylloscopus collybita
Chiffchaff
Fishkëllyesi i
vogël
LC
Sylvia atricapilla
(Eurasian)
Blackcap
Bilbilthi kokëzi
LC
Sylvia communis
Common
Whitethroat
Bilbilthi i
përhimë
LC
Sylvia melanocephala
Sardinian
Warbler
Bilbilthi kokëzi
gushëbardhë
x
LC
Sylvia cantillans
Subalpine
Warbler
Bilbilthi
gushëkuq
LC
Sturnidae
Sturnus vulgaris
Starling
Cerloi, Gargulli
LC
Tichodromidae
Tichodroma muraria
Wallcreeper
Zvarritësi
krahëkuq
LC
Troglodytidae
Troglodytes
troglodytes
Wren
Cinxamiu
x
LC
Turdidae
Phoenicurus ochruros
Black Redstart
LC
Turdus merula
Balck Bird
Mëllenja
LC
Turdus pilaris
Fieldfare
Tusha e madhe
e fushës
LC
Turdus philomelos
Song Thrush
Tusha
këngëtare
LC
Turdus iliacus
Redwing
Tusha
vetullbardhë
LC
Turdus viscivorus
Mistle Thrush
Tusha e malit
LC
Monticola saxatilis
Rock Thrush
Tusha
bishtkuqe
LC
Monticola solitarius
Blue Rock
Thrush
Tusha blu
LC

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PICIFORMES
Picidae
Dryocopus martius
Black
Woodpecker
Qukapiku i zi
LC
Dendrocopos major
Great Spotted
Wodpecker
Qukapiku
larosh i madh
x
LC
Dendrocopos syriacus
Syrian
Woodpecker
Qukapiku i
zakonshëm
larosh
x
LC
Dendrocopos medius
Middle
Spotted
Woodpecker
Qukapiku
larosh i mesëm
x
LC
Dendrocopos
leucotos
White-backed
Woodpecker
Qukapiku
larosh kurriz
bardhë
x
LC
Dendrocopos minor
Lesser
Spotted
Woodpecker
Qukapiku
larosh i vogël
LC
Jynx torquilla
(Eurasian)
Wryneck
Kokëdredhësi
LC
Picus viridis
Green
Woodpecker
Qukapiku i
gjelbër
LC
STRIGIFORMES
Strigidae
Asio otus
Long-eared
Owl
Bufi veshëgjatë
LC
Athene noctua
Little Owl
Kukuvajka
LC
Bubo bubo
Eagle Owl
Bufi
x
LC
Otus scops
Scops Owl
Gjoni
LC
Strix aluco
Tawny Owl
Kukuvajka e
pyjeve
LC
Tytonidae
Tyto alba
Barn Owl
Kukuvajka
mjekëroshe
LC
MAMMALS
n.a.
ARTIODACTYLA
Bovidae
Rupicapra rupicapra
Chamois
Dhia e eger
x
LR/lc
Cervidae
Capreolus capreolus
Roe Deer
Kaprolli,
Sorkadhja
LR/lc
Suidae
Sus scrofa
Wild Boar
Derri i eger
LR/lc
CARNIVORA
Canidae
Canis lupus
Gray Wolf
Ujku
x
x
x
LC
Vulpes vulpes
Red Fox
Dhelpra
LC
Felidae
Felis silvestris
Wildcat
Macja e eger
x
LC
Lynx lynx
Eurasian Lynx
Rreqebulli i
Euroazise
x
x
LC
Mustelidae
Lutra lutra
European
Otter
Lunderza
x
x
NT
Martes foina
Beech Marten
Shqarrthi,
kunadhja
gushëbardhë
LR/lc
Martes martes
Pine Marten
Zardafi,
kunadhja
gushëverdhë,
kuna, kuni
x
LR/lc
Meles meles
Eurasian
Badger
Baldosa,
Vjedulla
LR/lc

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Mustela nivalis
Least Weasel
Nuselala,
bishtafurka,
bukla,
furrëbubëza,
larakuqja,
nusebukura,
nusëza,
nusmera,
nusmira
LR/lc
Mustela putorius
European
Polecat
Qelbësi, qelbza
x
LR/lc
Ursidae
Ursus arctos
Brown Bear
Ariu i murrme
x
x
LR/lc
CHIROPTERA
Miniopterinae
Miniopterus
schreibersii
Schreiber's
long-fingered
bat
Lakuriqi i natës
i Shraibersit
LC
Molossidae
Tadarida teniotis
European
free-tailed bat
Lakuriqi
Evropian pa
bisht
LC
Rhinolophidae
Rhinolophus blasii
Blasius's
horseshoe bat
Lakuriqnate
hundepatkua i
Blasit
x
NT
Rhinolophus
ferrumequinum
Greater
horseshoe bat
Lakuriqi i madh
hundëpatkua
x
Rhinolophus euryale
Mediterranea
n horseshoe
bat
Lakuriqnate
hundepatkua i
mesdheut
x
NT
Vespertilionidae
Miniopterus
schreibersii
Schreiber's
long-fingered
bat
Lakuriqi i natës
i Shreibersit
LC
Myotis myotis
greater
mouse-eared
bat
LC
Myotis blythi
Lesser mouse-
eared bat
LC
Myotis capaccinii
long-fingered
bat
Lakuriq nate
gisht gjate
VU
Pipistrellus savii
Savis'
Pipistrelle
Pipistreli i Savit
LC
ERINACEOMORPHA
Erinaceidae
Erinaceus concolor
(Erinaceus
rumanicus)
Southern
White-
breasted
Hedgehog
Iriqi
LR/lc
LAGOMORPHA
Laporidae
Lepus capensis
Brown Hare
Lepuri i murmë
LC
RODENTIA
Gliridae
Glis glis
Edible
dormouse or f
at dormouse
Gjeri, geri, giri,
gjumashi i
majmë i pyllit
LC
Muridae
Apodemus flavicollis
Yellow-necked
Mouse
Miu
gushëverdhë,
LR/lc

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bokrra
Apodemus sylvaticus
Wood mouse
Miu bishtgjatë i
pyllit
LC
Apodemus
mystacinus
(Apodemus epimelas)
Broad-
toothed Field
Mouse
Miu i shkembit
LR/lc
Mus musculus
House mouse
Miu i shtepise
LC
Sciuridae
Sciurus vulgaris
Red squirrel
Ketri
LC
SORICOMORPHA
Soricidae
Crocidura leucodon
Bicolored
Shrew
Hundgjati
dhembebardhe
i livadheve
LR/lc
Crocidura
suaveolens
Lesser White-
toothed
Shrew
Hundgjati
dhembebardhe
i kopshteve
LR/lc
Suncus etruscus
Etruscan
Shrew
Hundgjati
etrusk
LC
Talpidae
Talpa caeca
Mediterranea
n Mole
Urithi i verber
LR/lc
Talpa stankovici
Stankovic's
Mole
Urithi i verber i
Ballkanit; Urithi
i Stankovicit
LR/lc

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List of plants for Albanian Alps Area (Thethi & Valbona Valley National Parks and Gashi River
Strict Nature Reserve
Albania has a rich flora with about 3,250 native vascular plant species distributed in 165 families and 910
genera. In other words, Albania holds 30% of the 11,600 species in Europe.
Compared to the surface, the flora in Albania is rich in species. About 800 species (22% of the total flora)
are also reported in the peninsula Balkan flora giving the Albanian strong Balkan connotation. Of these,
about 400 species (14% of the total flora) are endemic to the Balkans.
Whithin the Balkan endemic group, the subendemic species, or the species in common between Albania
and Greece or Albania and the FYROM, or Albania and Montenegro, form an important category with
approximately 180 entities (Dalipi et al., 1997).
This is a list of species recorded in Albanian Alps area
Interpretation
1. Annex II: means Annex II of the COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild
fauna and flora. The Annex II provides the list of ANIMAL AND PLANT SPECIES OF COMMUNITY INTEREST WHOSE CONSERVATION
REQUIRES THE DESIGNATION OF SPECIAL AREAS OF CONSERVATION
2. IUCN: means species' conservation status as assessed by the IUCN.
Ex
Extinct
The species is extinct in the wild.
CR
Critically Endangered
The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild.
EN
Endangered
The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
VU
Vulnerable
The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.
NT
Near Threatened
The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely
to do so in the future.
LC
Least Concern
There are no current identifiable risks to the species.
DD
Data Deficient
There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species.

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FAMILY/Species
Common Name
Albanian Name
Habitats
Directive
Annexes
IUCN
Comment
Acanthaceae
Acanthus spinosus
Spiny Bear's Breech
Dashtër gjembore
-
-
Aceraceae
Acer campestre
Field maple
Krekë, krekëz
-
-
Adoxaceae
Adoxa moschatellina
Town Hall Clock
Adokse e myshkut
-
-
Sambucus ebulus
Dwarf Elder
Qingël
-
-
Sambucus nigra
Blue Elder
Shtog i zi, shtog
II/IV
EN
Sambucus racemosa
Red-Berried Elder
Shtog i kuq
-
-
Viburnum lantana
Wayfaring Tree
Butinë e butë
-
-
Viburnum opulus
Water Elder
Butinë e kuqe
-
-
Amaranthaceae
Amaranthus albus
White Pigweed
Nenë e bardhë
-
-
Amaranthus blitoides
Mat Amaranth
Nenë blitoid
-
-
Amaranthus blitum
Least Amaranth
Nenë e shndritshme
-
-
Amaranthus hybridus
Purple amaranth
Nenë hibride
-
-
Amaranthus cruentus
Spreading Amaranth
Nenë ngjyrëgjaku
-
-
Amaranthus deflexus
Largefruit Amaranth
Nenë e përkulur
-
-
Amaranthus graecizans
Tumbleweed
Nenë grecizane
-
-
Amaranthus retroflexus
Redroot Pigweed
Nenë e spërveshur
-
-
Amaryllidaceae
Allium amethystinum
Amethystine Onion
Qepë vjollcë-blu
-
LC
Allium carinatum
Keeled Garlic
Qepë e karenuar
-
LC
Allium flavum
Yellow Onion
Qepë e verdhë
-
LC
Allium hirtovaginatum
Muscat Onion
Qepë moskat
-
-
Allium paniculatum
Mediterranean Onion
Qepë melthore
-
LC
Allium sphaerocephalon
Round Headed Leek
Qepë kokërruzullore
-
LC
Allium strictum
Fragrant Onion
Qepë e pëpiktë
-
-
Allium vineale
Wild Onion
Qepë e vreshtave
-
LC
Galanthus nivalis
Snowdrop
Boçeborë
II/IV
NT
Narcissus poeticus
Poet's Narcissus
Narciz poetik
-
DD
Narcissus pseudonarcissus
Trumpet Narcissus
Narciz i rremë
II/IV
LC
Sternbergia lutea
Yellow Star Flower
Sternbergie e verdhë
-
LC
Anacardiaceae
Cotinus coggygria
Young Fustic
Cemërdell
-
-
Rhus coriaria
Tanner's Sumach
Shqemë
-
-
Apiaceae
Aegopodium podagraria
Ground Elder
Egopodë
-
-
Ammi majus
Bishop's Flower
Ami e madhe
-
-
Ammi visnaga
Toothpick Plant
Ami visnaga
-
-
Angelica sylvestris
Woodland Angelica
Angjelikë e pyllit
-
-
Anthriscus caucalis
Bur Chervil
Sterpujë si kaukalis
-
-
Anthriscus cerefolium
Garden Chervil
Sterpujë gjethebrirë
-
-
Anthriscus fumarioides
Fumitory Like Chervil
Sterpujë fumarie
-
-
Anthriscus nemorosa
Wood chervil
Sterpujë pyjesh
-
-
Anthriscus sylvestris
Wild Chervil
Antriskus i pyllit
-
-
Apium graveolens
Wild Celery
Selin
-
LC
Apium nodiflorum
Water Parsnip
Selin me lule ndër
nyje
-
LC
Astrantia major
Great Masterwort
Astrante e madhe
-
-

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Athamanta cretensis
Athamanta
Atamantë e Kretës
-
-
Athamantha macedonica
Macedonian Candy Carrot
Atamantë e
Maqedonisë
-
VU
Portenschlagiella
ramosissima
Lucania Cicely
Portenshlagë me
shumë degë
-
-
Athamanta turbith
Candy Carrot
Atamantë turbith
-
-
Athamanta vestina
Vestina Valley’s Athamanta
Atamantë e luginës
Vestina
-
-
Bupleurum falcatum
Sickle Leaved Hare's Ear
Bupleur kosërak
-
-
Bupleurum odontites
Narrowleaf thorow wax
Bupleur
gjethengushtë
-
-
Bupleurum praealtum
rushy hare’s-ear
Bupleur shumë e
lartë
-
-
Bupleurum rotundifolium
Thorow Wax
Bupleur me gjethe të
rrumbullakëta
-
-
Cachrys ferulacea
Common basilisk
Kakris si ferulë
-
-
Carum carvi
Caraway
Karabotit karvi
-
-
Carum heldreichii
Kummel rock
Karabotit i Heldraihit
Carum multiflorum
Kummel of Greece
Karabotit me shumë
lule
-
-
Caucalis platycarpos
Small Bur Parsley
Hermuth frytgjerë
-
-
Chaerophyllum aromaticum
Broad Leaved Chervil
Stërpujë e merme
-
-
Chaerophyllum aureum
Golden Chervil
Stërpujë e praruar
-
-
Chaerophyllum hirsutum
Hairy Chervil
Stërpujë e kreshpët
-
-
Chaerophyllum nodosum
Sweet Cicely
Stërpujë me nyje
Cnidium silaifolium
Woods carawayleaves
Vratik me gjethe
silaje
-
-
Conium maculatum
Cigue
Kukutë e njollosur
-
-
Daucus carota
Wild Carrot
-
LC
Dichoropetalum schottii
Schot’s Hog’s Fennel
Eryngium amethystinum
Amethyst Eryngo
Gjembardhë ngjyrë
ametisti
-
-
Eryngium campestre
Sea Holly
Gjembardhë fushash
-
-
Eryngium creticum
Small Headed Blue Eryngo
Gjembardhë e Kretës
-
-
Ferulago campestris
Fennel Ferula
Ferulagë fushash
-
-
Ferulago sylvatica
Giant Fennel
Ferulagë pyjesh
-
-
Geocaryum cynapioides
Globular Earth-Chestnut
Qinap si kukutë
Hellenocarum multiflorum
Multiflorous Caraway
Karabotit me shumë
lule
Heracleum sphondylium
Common Hogwee
Herakle rrotulle
-
-
Laser trilobum
Laser
Lazer me tre vriguj
-
-
Laserpitium krapfii
Krapfii ‘s laser-wort
Lazerpicë e Krapafit
-
-
Laserpitium siler
Mountain laser-wort,
sermountain
Lazerpicë siler
-
-
Levisticum officinale
Lovage
Levistik mjekësor
-
-
Ligusticum lucidum
Alpine Lovage
Vratik i ndritshëm
-
-
Ligusticum albanicum
Albanian Lovage
Vratik shqiptar
-
CR
Endemic: Alps
Meum athamanticum
Spignel
Kaptinbardhë
-
-
Myrrhis odorata
Sweet Cicely
Mirre e mermë
-
-
Oenanthe pimpinelloides
Corky Fruited Water Dropwort
Luledhri
netërzngjashme
-
-
Oenanthe silaifolia
Narrow Leaved Water
Dropwort
Luledhri gjethesilaje
-
-
Opoponax chironium
Hercules All Heal
Opopanake e Kironit
-
-
Orlaya daucoides
Unknown Carrot
Orlajë si karrotë
-
-
Orlaya daucorlaya
Balkan Cocklebur
Orlajë daukorlajë
-
-
Orlaya grandiflora
Large-flowerd bur parsley
Orlajë lulemadhe
-
-
Pastinaca sativa
Wild Parsnip
Pastinakë e kultivuar
-
-
Peucedanum austriacum
Austrian hog’s fennel
Selin i Austrisë
-
-
Peucedanum cervaria
Hart’s fennel
Selin drer
-
-
Peucedanum officinale
Sulphurwort
Selin mjeksor
-
-
Peucedanum schottii
Schot’s Fennel
Selin i Skotit
-
-
Physospermum cornubiense
Bladderseed
Fizospermë farëfryrë
-
-

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Pimpinella alpestris
Alps Burnet
Pimpinelë alpine
-
-
Pimpinella nigra
Black Burnet
Pimpinelë e zezë
-
-
Pimpinella peregrina
Southern Burnet Saxifrage
Pimpinelë shtegtare
-
-
Pimpinella saxifraga
Burnet saxifrage
Pimpinelë iriqëz
-
-
Pimpinella tragium
Rock burnet
Pimpinelë
shkëmbinjsh
-
-
Portenschlagiella
ramosissima
Candy Carrot
Portenshlagë shumë
e degëzuar
-
-
Sanicula europaea
Wood Marche
Sanikël
-
-
Scandix australis
Southern Shepherd's Needle
Finraspor e Australise
-
-
Seseli elatum
High seseli
Sesel i lartë
-
-
Seseli montanum
Mountain seseli
Sesel malesh
-
-
Seseli viarum
Mountain seseli
Sesel malesh
Silaum silaus
Pepper Saxifrage
Silaum
-
-
Smyrnium perfoliatum
Biennial Alexanders
Smirnë nëpërfletëse
-
-
Tordylium maximum
Hartwort
Tordilë e madhe
-
-
Tordylium officinale
Common hartwort
Tordilë mjekësore
-
-
Torilis arvensis
Spreading Hedgeparsley
Torilë arash
-
-
Torilis japonica
Upright Hedge Parsley
Torilë e Japonisë
-
-
Trinia dalechampii
Dalechamps’ honewort
Netërz e Daleshampit
-
-
Trinia glauca
Common honewort
Netërz e rimtë
-
-
Asclepiadaceae
Vincetoxicum hirundinaria
Swallow Wort
Qenmbytëse
Ushonjëzore
-
-
Aquifoliaceae
Ilex aquifolium
European Holly
Ashja
-
-
Araceae
Arum italicum
Large Cuckoo Pint
Kelkazë e Italisë
-
-
Arum maculatum
Cuckoo Pint
Kelkazë e njollosur
-
-
Araliaceae
Hedera helix
Ivy
Urth
-
-
Aspleniaceae
Asplenium adiantum-nigrum
Black Spleenwort
Fier i zi
-
-
Asplenium fissum
Cloven Spleenwort
Fier i çarë
-
-
Asplenium lepidum
Tender Spleenwort
Fier i bukur
-
-
Asplenium septentrionale
Forked Spleenwort
Fier verior
-
-
Asplenium trichomanes
Maidenhairspleenwort
Fier me qime
-
-
Asplenium viride
Green Spleenwort
Fier i blertë
-
-
Ceterach officinarum
Rustyback Fern
Bargjarpër mjeksor
-
-
Phyllitis scolopendrium
Hart's-tongue fern
Skolopendër i
rëndomtë
-
-
Asteraceae
Achillea atrata
Black yarrow
Barpezmi e Kluzit
-
-
Achillea collina
Hill Yarrow
Barpezmi kodrinor
-
-
Antennaria dioica
Pussy's Toes
Antenarie dioike
-
-
Anthemis altissima
Tall Chamomile
Syviç shumë i lartë
-
-
Anthemis arvensis
Corn Chamomile
Syviç i arave
-
-
Anthemis austriaca
Austrian Chamomile
Syviç austriak
-
-
Anthemis cotula
Wild Chamomile
Maraq
-
-
Arctium minus
Lesser Burdock
Rrodhe e vogël
-
-
Artemisia absinthium
Green Ginger
Pelin
-
-
Artemisia alba Turra
White Sage
Pelin i bardhë
-
-
Artemisia campestris
Sage
Pelin i fushës
II/IV
NT
Artemisia petrosa
White Genep
Pelin si ombrellë
Artemisia vulgaris
Mugwort
Pelin i rëndomtë
-
-
Aster alpinus
Alpine aster
Aster alpin
-
-
Aster amellus
Italian Aster
Aster amelus
-
-
Aster bellidiastrum
False Aster
Aster yllbukur
-
-
Aster linosyris
Goldilocks Aster
Aster linosir
-
-
Aster sedifolius
Acrid Aster
Aster gjetheulët
-
-
Asteriscus aquaticus
Golden Star
Asteriskë ujorë
-
-
Bellis annua
Annual Daisy
Luleshqerrë
-
-

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njëvjeçare
Bellis perennis
Lawndaisy
Lulesheqerrë
shumëvjeçare
-
-
Bellis sylvestris
Wood Daisy
Lulesheqerre pyjore
-
-
Bombycilaena erecta
Micropus
Bombicilinë e
ngriturë
-
-
Carduus personata
Great Marsh Thistle
Freshkull
-
-
Carlina acaulis
Stemless Carline Thistle
Ushonjëz e
pakërcelltë
-
-
Carlina corymbosa
Clustered Carline Thistle
Ushonjëz vastakore
-
-
Carlina vulgaris
Carline Thistle
Ushonjëz e rëndomtë
-
-
Centaurea benedicta
Blessed Thistle
Kokoçel i shenjtë
-
-
Centaurea calcitrapa
Star Thistle
Kokoçel yjor
-
-
Centaurea candelabrum
Candelabrum Thistle
Kokoçel si shandan
-
VU
Endemic: Alps, Korabi
Centaurea kosaninii
Kosaninii Thistle
Kokoçel i Koshaninit
-
VU
Endemic: Alps
Centaurea jacea
French Hardhead
Kokoçel i rënë
II/IV
VU
Centaurea pannonica
Hungarian Thistle
Kokoçel i Panonisë
-
-
Centaurea phrygia
Wig Knapweed
Kokoçel i Frigias
-
-
Centaurea solstitialis
Yellow Star Thistle
Gjemb i bardhë
-
-
Chondrilla juncea
Rush Skeletonweed
Zegun si zhukë
-
-
Cicerbita alpina
Blue Sow Thistle
Cicerbitë alpine
-
-
Cichorium endivia
Escarole
Çikore
-
-
Cichorium intybus
Zikorifa
Kore
-
LC
Cirsium arvense
Canada Thistle
Gjembi i arave
-
-
Cirsium erisithales
Yellow Thistle
Cirzë erisital
-
-
Cirsium palustre
Marsh Thistle
Cirzë kënetore
-
-
Cirsium vulgare
Spear Thistle
Gjemb gomari
-
-
Cladanthus mixtus
Weedy Dogfennel
Kamemel i përzier
Conyza canadensis
Canadian Horseweed
Konizë e Kanadasë
-
-
Crepis alpestris
Alpine Hawk's Beard
Shmangë alpine
-
-
Crepis bertiscea
Hawk's-beard
Shmangë bertisce
-
VU
Endemic: Alps
Crupina crupinastrum
Southern Crupina
Krupinë krupinaster
-
-
Crupina vulgaris
False Saw Wort
Krupinë e rëndomtë
-
-
Cyanus triumfettii
Axillary Knapweed, Felty
Knapweed
Kokoçel i Triumfetit
Dittrichia graveolens
Stinkwort
Ditrike erërëndë
-
-
Doronicum austriacum
Austrian Leopard's Bane
Doronik austriak
-
-
Doronicum columnae
Eastern Leopard's Bane
Doronik me kolonë
-
-
Doronicum grandiflorum
Large Flowered Leopard's Bane
Doronik lulemadh
-
-
Echinops ritro
Southern Globe Thistle
Ekinops ritro
-
-
Erigeron acer
Blue Fleabane
Erigeron i adhët
-
-
Erigeron alpinus
Alpine Erigeron
Erigeron i Alpeve
-
-
Eupatorium cannabinum
Holy Rope
Eupatore kërpore
-
-
Gnaphalium norvegicum
Highland Cudweed
Omalotekë e
Norvegjisë
-
-
Gnaphalium supinum
Dwarf Cudweed
Omalotekë
shpinështrirë
-
-
Gnaphalium sylvaticum
Heath Cudweed
Omalotekë pyjore
-
-
Gnaphalium uliginosum
Marsh Cudweed
Omalotekë moçalore
-
-
Helminthotheca echioides
Bristly Oxtongue
Gjuhëdemi e ashpër
-
-
Hieracium hoppeanum
Eastern Mouse Ear Hawkweed
Këmashën hopeanë
-
-
Homogyne alpina
Purple Colt's Foot
Homogjin alpin
-
-
Hypochoeris achyrophorus
Mediterranean Cat’s ear
Hipoker i përforcuar
-
-
Hypochoeris cretensis
Southern Cat’s ear
Hipoker e Kretës
-
-
Hypochoeris glabra
Smooth Cat's ear
Hipoker i shogët
-
-
Inula britannica
Yellow Starwort
Plenër britanike
-
-
Inula ensifolia
Narrow Leaved Inula
Plenër gjetheshpatë
-
-
Inula salicina
Willow Leaved Inula
Plenër shelgore
-
-
Jacobaea abrotanifolia
Pinnate Leaved Ragwort
Pulith gjetheabrotan
-
-
Jacobaea vulgaris
Tansy Ragwort
Pulith i rëndomtë
-
-

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Jurinea mollis
Jurinea
Jurinë butloshe
-
-
Lactuca muralis
Wall Lettuce
Marule muresh
-
LC
Lactuca perennis
Mountain Lettuce
Marule shumëvjeçare
-
DD
Lactuca saligna
Willowleaf Lettuce
Marule shelgore
-
LC
Lactuca serriola
Prickly Lettuce
Ogrisht
-
LC
Lactuca viminea
Pliant Lettuce
Marule thuprore
-
LC
Lapsana communis
Nipplewort
Lapsanë e rëndomtë
-
-
Leontodon hispidus
Rough Hawkbit
Dhëmbëluan i
grathët
-
-
Leontodon montanus
Mountain Hawkbit
Dhëmbëluan malor
-
-
Leontodon tuberosus
Tuberous Hawkbit
Dhëmbëluan i
zhardhokët
-
-
Leucanthemum vulgare
Oxeye Daisy
Lulemargaritë
-
-
Onopordum acanthium
Scotch Thistle
Xhixhëll dashter
-
-
Onopordum illyricum
Illyrian Thistle
Xhixhëll e Ilirisë
-
-
Petasites albus
White Butterbur
Llapua e bardhë
-
-
Petasites doerfleri
Doerfler Butterbur
Llapua i Dërflerit
-
VU
Endemic: Alps
Picnomon acarna
Picnomon
Piknomon akarnë
-
-
Pilosella hoppeana
Eastern Mouse Ear Hawkweed
Këmashën hopeanë
-
-
Pilosella officinarum
Mouseear Hawkweed
Këmashën mjeksor
-
-
Pilosella piloselloides
Kingdevil
Këmashën leshatak
-
-
Podospermum purpureum
Purple Viper's Grass
Skorzonerë e purpurt
-
-
Prenanthes purpurea
Purple Lettuce
Prenantë e purpurt
-
-
Pulicaria dysenterica
Meadow False Fleabane
Plenër dizanterike
-
-
Pulicaria odora
Mediterranean Fleabane
Plenër me aromë
-
-
Pulicaria vulgaris
Small Fleabane
Plenër e rëndomtë
-
-
Scolymus hispanicus
Spanish Oyster Plant
Dell i priftit
-
-
Scorzonera austriaca
Austrian Viper's Grass
Skorzonerë austriake
-
-
Scorzonera hispanica
Black Salsify
Skorzonerë e Spanjës
-
-
Senecio doronicum
Chamois Ragwort
Pulith doronike
-
-
Serratula tinctoria
Dyer's Plumeless Saw-wort
Serratulë ngjyruese
-
-
Silybum marianum
Variegated Thistle
Gjembgomari
-
-
Solidago virgaurea
European Goldenrod
Solidagë shufërartë
-
-
Sonchus arvensis
Field Sowthistle
Rrëshyell arash
-
-
Sonchus asper
Spiny Leaved Sow Thistle
Rrëshyell i ashpër
-
-
Sonchus oleraceus
Sowthistle
Rrëshyell perimesh
-
-
Taraxacum campylodes
Swines Snout
Luleshurdhë e
zakonshme
-
-
Telekia speciosa
Yellow Oxeye
Telekie e bukur
-
-
Tragopogon pratensis
Yellow Goatsbeard
Lulebrigje e livadhit
-
-
Tussilago farfara
Coughwort
Thundërmushkë
-
-
Xanthium spinosum
Spiny Cockleburr
Rrodhe gjembake
-
-
Xanthium strumarium
Canada Cockleburr
Rrodhe lungash
-
-
Xeranthemum inapertum
Xeranthemum
Kserantemë e paçelur
-
-
Berberidaceae
Berberis vulgaris
Sowberry
Mylqinë
-
-
Epimedium alpinum
Barrenwort
Epimedë alpine
-
-
Betulaceae
Alnus glutinosa
European Alder
Verri i zi
-
-
Alnus incana
Gray Alder
Verri i bardhë
-
-
Betula pendula
European White Birch
Mështeknë
-
-
Carpinus betulus
Ironwood
Shkozë e bardhë
-
-
Carpinus orientalis
Oriental Hornbeam
Shkozë e zezë
-
-
Corylus avellana
Common Hazel
Lajthi
-
NT
Ostrya carpinifolia
Hop Hornbeam
Mëllezë
-
-
Boraginaceae
Anchusa arvensis
Bugloss
Gjuhëlopë arash
-
-
Anchusa undulata
Undulate Alkanet
Gjuhlope e valëzuar
-
-

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Asperugo procumbens
German-madwort
Gjuhë kau.
-
-
Buglossoides arvensis
Corn Gromwell
Buglosoide arash
-
-
Cerinthe glabra
Smooth Honeywort
Qirinthë e shogët
-
-
Cerinthe major
Honeywort
Qirinthë e madhe
-
-
Cerinthe minor
Lesser Honeywort
Qirinthë e vogël
-
-
Cynoglossum creticum
Blue Hound's Tongue
Gjuhëqen e Kretës
-
-
Cynoglossum germanicum
Green Hound's Tongue
Gjuhëqen e
Gjermanisë
-
-
Cynoglossum officinale
Common Hound's Tongue
Gjuhëqen mjeksore
-
-
Echium italicum
Pale Bugloss
Ushqerëz e Italisë
-
-
Echium parviflorum
Small Flowered Bugloss
Ushqerëz lulevogël
-
-
Echium plantagineum
Salvation Jane
Ushqerëz si dejç
-
-
Echium vulgare
Viper's Bugloss
Gjuhënepërkë
-
-
Heliotropium europaeum
Turnsol
Dielldridhës i Europës
-
-
Lithospermum officinale
European Stoneseed
Kokërrujë mjekësore
-
-
Moltkia doerfleri
Doerfler Moltkia
Moltke e Derflerit
-
VU
Endemic: Alps, Korabi
Myosotis arvensis
Rough Forget Me Not
Lulemizë arash
-
-
Myosotis discolor
Yellow Forget Me Not
Lulemizë çngjyruese
-
-
Myosotis ramosissima
Early Forget Me Not
Lulemizë shumë e
degëzuar
-
-
Myosotis sylvatica
Woodland Forget Me Not
Lulemizë pyjesh
-
-
Onosma echioides
Onosma
Çikllë si ushqerrëz
-
-
Pulmonaria officinalis
Common Lungwort
Bar i mushkërisë
-
-
Symphytum bulbosum
Bulbous Comfrey
Kufilmë qepore
-
-
Symphytum tuberosum
Tuberous Comfrey
Kufilmë zhardhokore
-
-
Brassicaceae
Aethionema saxatile
Burnt Candytuft
Etionemë
shkëmbinjësh
-
-
Alliaria petiolata
Garlic Mustard
Bar hudhre
-
-
Alyssum alyssoides
Pale Madwort
Sericë barpleshti
-
-
Alyssum markgrafii
Markgraf’s Alison
Sericë e Markgrafit
-
-
Alyssum montanum
Mountain Alyssum
Sericë malore
-
-
Arabis alpina
Alpine rock-cress
Arabëz alpin
-
-
Arabis collina
Rosy Cress
Arabëz kodrinor
-
-
Arabis glabra
Tower Mustard
Arabëz i shogët
-
-
Arabis hirsuta
Hairy Rockcress
Arabëz qimeashpër
-
-
Arabis scopoliana
Scopoli's Rockcress
Arabëz skopalian
II/IV
DD
Arabis turrita
Tower Cress
Arabëz kullë
-
-
Arabis verna
Spring Rockcress
Arabëz pranverore
-
-
Armoracia rusticana
Horse Radish
Kren
-
LC
Barbarea vulgaris
Garden Yellowrocket
Barbarea e rendomtë
-
LC
Biscutella didyma
Mediterranean Biscutella
Biskutelë binjake
-
-
Brassica nigra
Black Mustard
Lakër e zezë
-
LC
Bunias erucago
Southern Warty Cabbage
Brokër
-
-
Calepina irregularis
White Ball Mustard
Kalepinë e çrregullt
-
-
Camelina rumelica
Graceful False Flax
Kamelinë
-
LC
Camelina sativa
Gold of Pleasure
Kamelinë e kultivuar
-
DD
Capsella bursa-pastoris
Shepherd's Purse
Trasta e çobanit
-
-
Capsella grandiflora
Large flowers Shepherd's
Purse
Shtrapër lulemadhe
-
-
Capsella rubella
Pink Shepherd's Purse
Shtrapër e kuqe
-
-
Cardamine enneaphyllos
Drooping Bittercress
Kardaminë
-
-

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190
nëntëgjethesh
Cardamine flexuosa
Wood Bitter Cress
Kardaminë dredhake
-
-
Cardamine graeca
Southern Bitter Cress
Kardaminë e Greqisë
-
-
Cardamine impatiens
Narrowleaf Bittercress
Kardaminë
-
-
Cardamine plumieri
Ivy Leaved Bitter Cress
Kardaminë e
Plumierit
-
-
Cardamine pratensis
Lady's Smock
Kardaminë livadhesh
-
LC
Cardamine raphanifolia
Greater Cuckooflower
Kardaminë
gjetherapani
-
-
Cardaria draba
Hoary cress
Bosht i plakës
-
-
Clypeola jonthlaspi
Disk Cress
Klipeolë
-
-
Conringia orientalis
Hare's Ear Mustard
Konringë e Lindjes
-
-
Draba muralis
Wall Whitlowgrass
Drabë muresh
-
-
Erysimum odoratum
Smelly Wallflower
Erisimë e merme
-
-
Fibigia clypeata
Fibigia
Fibigë me mburojë
-
-
Hesperis cupaniana
Cut Leaved Dame's Violet
Hesperidë
-
-
Hesperis matronalis
Rocket
Hesperidë
shkëmbore
-
-
Hornungia petraea
Hutchinsia
Hornungë gurësh
-
-
Iberis sempervirens
Evergreen Candytuft
Iberis breshke
-
-
Iberis umbellata
Globe Candytuft
Iberis ombrellore
-
-
Lepidium campestre
Field Pepperwort
Djegës fushash
-
LC
Lepidium graminifolium
Tall Pepperwort
Djegës gjethegrami
-
LC
Lepidium latifolium
Dittander
Djegës gjethegjerë
-
LC
Lepidium ruderale
Narrow Leaved Pepperwort
Djegës i gërmadhave
-
LC
Lepidium virginicum
Medium Pepperweed
Djegës i virgjër
-
-
Lunaria annua
White Money Plant
Barhënë njëvjeçare
-
-
Lunaria rediviva
Perennial Honesty
Barhënë
shumëvjecare
-
-
Lunaria telekiana
Telek’s Honesty
Barhënë e Telekit
-
VU
Endemic: Alps
Neslia paniculata
Ball Mustard
Neslie melthore
-
-
Peltaria alliacea
Garlic cress
Peltare me erë
hudhre
-
-
Raphanus raphanistrum
Wild Radish
Rrapanidhe
-
LC
Rapistrum rugosum
Bastard Cabbage
Rrepicë e rrudhur
-
-
Sinapis alba
Yellow Mustard
Sinap i bardhë
-
LC
Sisymbrium altissimum
Tall Tumblemustard
Cucubinë shumë e
lartë
-
-
Sisymbrium officinale
Hedgemustard
Cucubinë mjekësore
-
-
Sisymbrium orientale
Indian Hedgemustard
Cucubinë e lindjes
-
-
Sisymbrium polyceratium
Shortfruit Hedgemustard
Cucubinë
shumëbrirëshe
-
-
Thlaspi alliaceum
Garlic Pennycress
Tlasp hudhror
-
-
Thlaspi arvense
Field Pennycress
Tlasp arash
-
-
Thlaspi mycrophyllum
Small Leaved Penny-cress
Tlasp gjethevogël
-
-
Thlaspi perfoliatum
Perfoliate Pennycress
Tlasp nëpërgjethës
-
-
Buxaceae
Buxus sempervirens
English Boxwood
Bush
-
-
Campanulaceae
Asyneuma comosiforme
Comose Harebell
Asineumë
balukengjashme
-
VU
Endemic: Alps, Korabi
Asyneuma limonifolium
Harebell
Asineumë
gjethelimoni
-
-
Campanula alpina
Alpine Bellflower
Lulekambanë e
Alpeve
-
-
Campanula bononiensis
Pale Bellflower
Lulekambanë e
Bolonjës
-
-
Campanula glomerata
Clustered Bellflower
Lulekambanë
lëmshukë
-
-
Campanula latifolia
Large Bellflower
Lulekambanë
gjethegjerë
-
-
Campanula patula
Spreading Bellflower
Lulekambanë e hapur
-
-

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Campanula persicifolia
Peach Leaved Bellflower
Lulekambanë
gjethepjeshke
-
-
Campanula rapunculoides
Creeping Bellflower
Lulekambanë si
fitemë
-
-
Legousia hybrida
Venus Looking Glass
Leguzie hibride
-
-
Phyteuma orbiculare
Round Headed Rampion
Fiteumë e
rrumbullakët
-
-
Caprifoliaceae
Lonicera alpigena
Alpine Honeysuckle
Bardhaqen
-
-
Lonicera etrusca
Etruscan Honeysuckle
Dorëzonjë etruske
-
-
Lonicera xylosteum
Fly Honeysuckle
Dorëzonjë drufortë
-
-
Dipsacaceae
Dipsacus fullonum
Teazel
Berunzë e butë
-
-
Dipsacus laciniatus
Cut leaved Teasel
Berunzë e rripëzuar
-
-
Knautia arvensis
Field Scabiosa
Knautë arash
-
-
Knautia dipsacifolia
Wood Scabious
Knautë
gjetheberunzë
-
-
Scabiosa atropurpurea
Mourningbride
Skabiozë purport e
errët
-
-
Scabiosa columbaria
Yellow Scabious
Skabiozë pëllumb
-
-
Scabiosa lucida
Shining Scabious
Skabiozë e
shndritshme
-
-
Succisa pratensis
Devil's Bit Scabious
Suçizë livadhesh
-
-
Valerianaceae
Centranthus ruber
Red Valerian
Centrantë e kuqe
-
-
Valeriana montana
Mountain Valerian
Haraqinë malore
-
-
Valeriana officinalis
Valerian
Haraqinë mjeksore
-
-
Valerianella carinata
Keeled Fruited Cornsalad
Heraqinëz karenore
-
-
Valerianella coronata
Crown Cornsalad
Heraqinëz e
kurorëzuar
-
-
Valerianella dentata
Narrow Fruited Cornsalad
Heraqinëz e
dhëmbëzuar
-
-
Valerianella eriocarpa
Hairy Fruited Cornsalad
Heraqinëz
frytleshtake
-
-
Valerianella locusta
Lewiston Cornsalad
Heraqinëz karkalece
-
-
Caryophyllaceae
Agrostemma githago
Common Corncockle
Kënkol
-
-
Arenaria biflora
Two Flowered Sandwort
Arenare dylulëshe
-
-
Arenaria serpyllifolia
Thyme Leaved Sandwort
Arenare gjethe lisre
-
-
Cerastium alpinum
Alpine Mouse Ear
Cerast alpesh
-
-
Cerastium arvense
Field Chickweed
Cerast arash
-
-
Cerastium brachypetalum
Grey Mouse Ear
Cerast petaleshkurtër
-
-
Cerastium fontanum
Common Mouse Ear
Chickweed
Cerast krojesh
-
-
Cerastium glomeratum
Sticky Chickweed
Cerast lëmshor
-
-
Cerastium grandiflorum
Bering Chickweed
Cerast lulemadh
-
VU
Cerastium pumilum
Dwarf Mouse Ear
Cerast xhuxh
-
-
Cerastium semidecandrum
Little Mouse Ear
Cerast i vogël
-
-
Cerastium tomentosum
Snow-in-Summer
Cerast pushbutë
-
-
Dianthus armeria
Deptford Pink
Karafil skorleq
-
-
Dianthus carthusianorum
Carthusian Pink
Karafil Karthuzian
-
-
Dianthus deltoides
Maiden Pink
Karafil deltoid
-
-
Dianthus stribrnyi
Stribrny Pink
Karafil i Stribrnit
-
-
Dianthus sylvestris
Wood Pink
Karafil pyjor
-
-
Drypis spinosa
Drypis
Dripëz me gjemba
-
-
Herniaria glabra
Glabrous Rupturewort
Herniarie pa qime
-
-
Herniaria hirsuta
Hairy Rupturewort
Herniarie kreshtake
-
-
Herniaria incana
Gray Rupturewort
Herniarie e thinjur
-
-
Holosteum umbellatum
Jagged Chickweed
Holoste umbrellor
-
-
Lychnis coronaria
Rose Campion
Lulekrahoshi
-
-
Lychnis viscaria
Red German Catchfly
Lulenjicë veshtullore
-
-
Minuartia baldaccii
Baldaci sandwort
Minuartie e Baldaçit
-
Minuartia bosniaca
Bosnian sandwort
Minuartje e Bosnjes
-
VU

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National Environmental Legislation
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Minuartia graminifolia
Appenean Sandwort
Minuartie gjethebari
-
VU
Minuartia recurva
Recurved Sandwort
Minuartie
gjetheperkulur
-
-
Minuartia velenovskyi
Velenovsky Sandwort
Minuartie e
Velenovskit
-
VU
Moehringia bavarica
Narrow Leaved Sandwort
Mëhringie e Bavarise
-
-
Moehringia ciliata
Creeping Sandwort
Mëhringie e qerpiktë
-
-
Moehringia muscosa
Mossy Sandwort
Mëhringie myshkore
-
-
Moehringia trinervia
Three Veined Sandwort
Mëhringie tridejese
-
-
Sagina apetala
Annual Pearlwort
Saginë pa petela
-
-
Sagina procumbens
Birdeye Pearlwort
Saginë e shtrirë
-
-
Sagina saginoides
Arctic Pearlwort
Saginë
saginëngjashme
-
-
Sagina subulata
Heath Pearlwort
Saginë si fëndyell
-
-
Saponaria bellidifolia
Spoon Leaved Soapwort
Sapunqyqe
gjethebukur
-
-
Saponaria officinalis
Bouncingbet
Lule sapuni
-
-
Scleranthus annuus
Annual Knawel
Sklerantë njëvjeçare
-
-
Scleranthus perennis
Perennial Knawel
Sklerantë
shumëvjeçare
-
-
Silene armeria
Sweet William Silene
Klokëz skorleq
-
-
Silene gallica
Windmill Pink
Klokëz e Galisë
-
-
Silene italica
Italian Catchfly
Klokëz italiane
-
-
Silene macrantha
Slender Catchfly
Klokëz lulegjatë
-
-
Silene nutans
Nottingham Catchfly
Klokëz pluskuese
-
-
Silene otites
Spanish Catchfly
Klokëz veshtake
-
-
Silene tommasinii
Tommasin Catchfly
Klokëz e Tomazinit
-
-
Silene retzdorffiana
Retzdorf Catchfly
Klokëz e Retsderfit
-
-
Silene sendtneri
Sendtner Catchfly
Klokëz e Sendetnerit
-
NT
Spergula arvensis
Corn Spurry
Spergulë arash
-
-
Spergularia rubra
Red Sandspurry
Spergulare e kuqe
-
-
Stellaria graminea
Lesser Stitchwort
Stelare gramore
-
-
Stellaria media
Common Chickweed
Stelare e ndërmjetme
-
-
Stellaria neglecta
Greater Chickweed
Stelare e papërfillur
-
-
Stellaria nemorum
Wood Stitchwort
Stelare pyjesh
-
-
Velezia rigida
Velezia
Velezie e paepshme
-
-
Celastraceae
Euonymus europaeus
Spindle Tree
Shikakuq
-
-
Euonymus latifolius
Broad Leaved Spindle
Herdhaqen
gjethegjerë
-
-
Parnassiaceae
Parnassia palustris
Marsh Grass of Parnassus
Parnasë moçalesh
-
-
Chenopodiaceae
Chenopodium album
Lambsquarters
Minuer i bardhë
-
-
Chenopodium ambrosioides
Wormseed
Minuer si ambrozie
-
-
Chenopodium botrys
Sticky Goosefoot
Minuer ngjitës
-
-
Chenopodium glaucum
Oak Leaved Goosefoot
Minuer i rimtë
-
-
Chenopodium hybridum
Sowbane
Minuer hibrid
-
-
Chenopodium murale
Nettle Leaved Goosefoot
Minuer muresh
-
-
Chenopodium opulifolium
Grey Goosefoot
Minuer gjthe top
bore
-
-
Chenopodium polyspermum
Many Seeded Goosefoot
Minuer shumëfaror
-
-
Chenopodium urbicum
Upright Goosefoot
Minuer i drejtë
-
-
Cistaceae
Helianthemum apenninum
White Rock Rose
Heliantemë e
Apenineve
-
-
Helianthemum canum
Hoary Rock Rose
Heliantemë thinjoshe
-
-
Tuberaria guttata
Spotted Rockrose
Tuberarie me pika
-
-
Colchicaceae
Colchicum autumnale
Naked Lady
Xhërrokull vjeshtore
-
-
Convolvulaceae
Convolvulus arvensis
Withywind
Dredhje arash
-
-
Cuscuta approximata
Alfalfa Dodder
Rroth i përafët
-
-

Technical Assistance for Strengthening the Capacity of the Ministry of Environment in Albania for Law Drafting and Enforcement of
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193
Cuscuta campestris
Yellow Dodder
Rroth fusharak
-
-
Cuscuta epithymum
Dodder
Rroth mbilisër
-
-
Cuscuta europaea
Greater Dodder
Grethatel
-
-
Cornaceae
Cornus mas
Cornelian Cherry
Thanë
-
-
Cornus sanguinea
Dogwood
Thanukla
-
-
Crassulaceae
Hylotelephium telephium
Witch's Moneybags
Rrushqyqe e Telefit
-
-
Pistorinia hispanica
Spanish Stonecrop
Rrushqyqe e Spanjës
-
-
Sedum acre
Wall Pepper
Rrushqyqe e adhët
-
-
Sedum album
White Stonecrop
Rrushqyqe e bardhë
-
-
Sedum annuum
Annual Stonecrop
Rrushqyqe njëvjeçare
-
-
Sedum atratum
Dark Stonecrop
Rrushqyqe e nxirë
-
-
Sedum cepaea
Pink Stonecrop
Rrushqyqe si qepë
-
-
Sedum dasyphyllum
Thick Leaved Stonecrop
Rrushqyqe
gjethedendura
-
-
Sedum rubens
Red Stonecrop
Rrushqyqe kuqalashe
-
-
Sedum serpentini
Stonecrop
Rrushqyqe e
serpentinit
-
-
Sedum sexangulare
Tasteless Stonecrop
Rrushqyqe
gjashtëqoshëze
-
-
Cupressaceae
Juniperus communis
Common Juniper
Dëllinjë e zezë
-
-
Juniperus foetidissima
Foetid Juniper or Stinking
Juniper
Bërshen
-
-
Juniperus oxycedrus
Sharp Cedar
Dëllinjë e kuqe
-
-
Juniperus sabina
Savin
Jermësinë
-
-
Cyperaceae
Blysmus compressus
Flat Sedge
Blismë e rrasur
-
-
Carex acuta
Lesser Pond Sedge
Presje e mprehtë
-
LC
Carex divulsa
Grey Sedge
Presje e shkëputur
-
-
Carex hirta
Hairy Sedge
Presje leshtake
-
-
Carex humilis
Dwarf Sedge
Presje e shkurtër
-
-
Carex ornithopoda
Birds Foot Sedge
Presje këmbëzogu
-
-
Carex pallescens
Pale Sedge
Presje e zbehtë
-
-
Carex panicea
Grass Like Sedge
Presje me melth
-
-
Carex paniculata
Greater Tussock Sedge
Presje
melthngjashme
-
LC
Carex pseudocyperus
Cypresslike Sedge
Presje zubërremë
-
LC
Carex remota
Remote Sedge
Presje kallilarguar
-
-
Carex sylvatica
Wood Sedge
Presje
-
-
Cyperus flavescens
Yellow Galingale
Truskë e
verdhërreme
-
-
Ericaceae
Vaccinium myrtillus
Common Bilberry
Boronicë
-
-
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbia heldreichii
Heldreichi Spurge
Rriell i Heldreihit
-
-
Fabacee
Astragalus fialea
milk-vetch
Arithe e Fiales
-
-
Oxytropis purpurea
Purple locoweed
Oksitropë e purpurt
-
-
Oxytropis prenja
Prenj locoweed
Oksitropë e Prrenjës
-
-
Petteria ramentacea
Dalmatian Laburnum
Grill i degëzuar
-
-
Trifolium aurantiacum
Orange Colour’s Clover
Trifil ngjyrë portokalli
-
-
Trifolium campestre
Hop Trefoil
Trifil fushash
-
-
Trifolium pilczii
Pilczy Clover
Trifil i Pilcit
-
-
Fagaceae
Quercus frainetto
Hungarian oak
Shparth
-
-
Quercus pubescens
Downy Oak
Bungëbutë
-
-
Quercus trojana
Macedonian Oak
Bulgër
-
-
Quercus petraea
Sessile oak
Bungë
-
-
Quercus cerris
Turkey oak
Qarr
-
-

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Fagus sylvatica
European Beech
Ah
-
-
Castanea sativa
Chestnuts
Gështenjë
-
-
Gentianaceae
Gentiana lutea
Great Yellow Gentian
Gencianë
-
-
Gentiana pneumonanthe
Marsh Gentian
Gencianë
pneumonante
-
EN
Geraniacee
Erodium guicciardii
Guicciardi Stork's-bill
Erodë e Giçardit
-
-
Geranium dalmaticum
Dalmatian Cranesbill
Kamaroshe e
Dallmacisë
-
-
Lamiaceae or Labiatae
Origanum vulgare
Oregano
Rigon
-
-
Thymus serpyllum
Breckland thyme
Lisër si pulegë
-
-
Linaceae
Linum spathulatum
Spathulate Flax
Lin pallak
-
-
Oleaceae
Fraxinus ornus
Manna Ash
Frashër gjethegjerë
-
-
Fraxinus excelsior
Common Ash
Frashër i zi
-
-
Pinaceae
Pinus nigra
Black Pine
Pishë e zezë
-
-
Poaceae
Festuca sp.
Fescue
Bishtpelëz
-
LC
Nardus stricta
Matgrass
Xhufkë e drejtë
Polygonaceae
Polygonum albanicum
Albanian Knotgrass
Nejcë shqiptare
-
CR
Endemic: Alps , Korabi
Polygalaceae
Polygala doerfleri
Doerfler’s Milkwort
Poligalë e Dërflerit
-
VU
Endemic: Alps, Kolsh
Kukës
Ranunculaceae
Helleborus multifidus
Multi-tapping Hellebores
Shpendër
shumëçarëse
-
-
Ranunculus croaticum
Croatian Ranunculus
Zhabinë kroate
-
-
Ranunculus hayekii
Hayek’s Ranunculus
Zhabinë e Hajekut
-
-
Ranunculus scutatus
shield-leaved Ranunculus
Zhabinë shqytake
-
-
Aquilegia dinarica
Dinarican columbine
Kanilqyqe dinarike
-
-
Rhamnaceae
Rhamnus intermedius
Intermediate Buckthorn
Pjerzë e ndërmjetme
-
-
Rosaceae
Alchemilla albanica
Albanian Lady’s mantle
Alkemilë shqiptare
-
-
Endemic: Alps
Crataegus heldreichii
Heldreichi Thornapple
Murriz i Hedreihit
-
-
Potentilla erecta
Common Tormentil
Potentillë e ngritur
-
-
Potentilla visianii
Visiani’s Cinquefoil
Potentillë e Visianit
-
-
Prunus spinosa
Blackthorn
Kulumbri
-
LC
Rosa canina
Dog Rose
Trëndafil qeni
-
-
Rutaceae
Haplophyllum boissieranum
Boissier Haplophyl
Haplofil i Buasierit
-
-
Sapindaceae
Acer opalus
Italian Maple
Panjë Italiane
-
-
Urticaceae
Urtica dioica
Common nettle
Hithër
-
LC
Violaceae
Viola ducadjinica
Ducadjin Violet
Manushaqe e
Dukagjinit
-
-
Endemic: Alps, Korabi,
Pogradec
Viola elegantula
Less elegant Violet
Manushaqe pak
elegante
-
-
Viola speciosa
Pretty Violet
Manushaqe e bukur
-
-
Viola beckiana
Beck’s Violet
Manushaqe e Bekut
-
-
Viola kosaninii
Kosanin Violet
Manushaqe e
Koshaninit
-
-
Endemic: Alps

Technical Assistance for Strengthening the Capacity of the Ministry of Environment in Albania for Law Drafting and Enforcement of
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195
Figures, Graphics Tables and Maps
Map 1: Administrative borders of Thethi National Park, Valbona Valley National Park, Gashi
River Strict Nature Reserve, and of the planned Albanian Alps National Park
Map 2: Habitats present in Thethi and Valbona Valley National Parks, and Gashi River Strict
Nature Reserve
Map 3: Communal and state owned land in Thethi and Valbona National Parks and Gashi River
natural reserve
Map 4: Habitat map of Albanian Alps area according Natura 2000
Map 5: Activity Map - Albanian Alps
Map 6: Proposed Zoning - Albanian Alps
Table 1: Use of territory in the protected areas and planned Albanian Alps National Park
Table 2: Stakeholder analyses for the Albanian Alps
Table 3: Air temperature distribution at Thethi
Table 4: Average monthly flow at River Thethi
Table 5: Average monthly water flow at Valbona River
Table 6: Average monthly water flow at Gashi River
Table 7: Forest & pasture lands transferred to Communes within the Albanian Alps area
Table 8: Land ownership in Thethi National and Valbona National Parks, Gashi River Srict Reserve
and Planned area Albanian Alps National Park
Table 9: Prohibited and allowed activities within the National Parks of Thethi and Valbona Valley
Table 10: Prohibited and allowed activities within the Strict Nature Reserve of Gashi River
Table 11: Habitat types in Albanian Alps area according Natura 2000 classification
Table 12: SWOT analysis for Albanian Alps area
Table 13: Proposal for the zoning of both Valbona and Thethi National Parks and the Gashi Strict
Nature Reserve
Table 14: Proposal for planned Albanian Alps National Park Zoning (ha)
Table 15: Main features of proposed zoning in the area of Thethi National Park
Table 16: Main features of proposed zoning in the area of Valbona Valley National Park
Table 17: Main features of proposed zoning in the area of Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve
Table 18: Budget according to programs and fiscal years for Thethi National Park Area
Table 19: Budget according to programs and fiscal years for Valbona Valley National Park Area
Table 20: Budget according to programs and fiscal years for Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve
Table 21: Management Effectiveness Tracking Sheet for Thethi NP Management Plan
Table 22: Management Effectiveness Tracking Sheet for Valbona NP Management Plan
Table 23: Management Effectiveness Tracking Sheet for Gashi PA Management Plan
Figure 1: Composition of Management Committees
Figure 2: Participatory monitoring and evaluation process (adapted from Hockings et al. 2006)