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Nektonic Pipefishes (Syngnathidae) from the Gulf of Mexico off Mississippi
Abstract
Species composition, occurrence, and selected meristic and length frequency data are reported for 108 juvenile pipefishes collected in meter nekton nets in the Gulf of Mexico off Mississippi. The genus Syngnathus was represented by S. louisianae, S. pelagicus, S. springeri, S. elucens, and S. f. floridae. Amphelikturus dendriticus is recorded for the first time from the Gulf of Mexico and offshore distribution of these pipefishes is discussed.
... Adult Syngnathus springeri have been observed within coral reefs as well as in pelagic waters (Robins and Ray 1986). Juveniles occur in beds of the brown algae Sargassum, indicating this species may breed and give birth within this habitat (Bortone et al. 1977, Coston-Clements et al. 1991, Dawson 1972. Within the algal beds, S. springeri has been observed coexisting with S. louisianae and S. pelagicus (Dawson 1972). ...
... Juveniles occur in beds of the brown algae Sargassum, indicating this species may breed and give birth within this habitat (Bortone et al. 1977, Coston-Clements et al. 1991, Dawson 1972. Within the algal beds, S. springeri has been observed coexisting with S. louisianae and S. pelagicus (Dawson 1972). Young are commonly found floating in Sargassum (Kuiter 2009). ...
... Salinities for the specimens captured in the Gulf of Mexico ranged from 19.9-36.5% and temperature from 14.4-27°C, but generally the temperature in which they were found was below 18.5°C. The fact that this species is an autumn-winter resident suggests that it may be more abundant in shallowoffshore waters (Dawson 1972). ...
This species is widely distributed where it occurs in shallow estuarine habitats with aquatic vegetation. There may be some habitat degradation, however, it is not considered to be a major threat at this time. Therefore it is assessed as Least Concern.
... No obstante su importancia ecológica, son pocos los estudios que tratan aspectos de su taxonomía, biología yecología. Entre los trabajos más relevantes se pueden mencionar los de Kilby (1955), Herald (1965), Dawson (1972), Herald y Dawson (1972), Huh y Kitting (1985), Fuller yBergland (1996) y Jones y Avise (1997). ...
... Despite their ecological importance, there are few studies on their taxonomy, biology and ecology. Some of the more relevant works are those of Kilby (1955), Herald (1965), Dawson (1972), Herald and Dawson (1972), Huh and Kitting (1985), Fuller and Bergland (1996) and Jones and Avise (1997). Among the ecological studies on the ichthyofauna of coastal lagoons of the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea that include ABSTRACT A total of 190 pipefishes of the species Syngnathus louisianae and Syngnathus scovelli were collected in Tamiahua Lagoon, Veracruz (Mexico), between 1994 and 1995. ...
... The juveniles occurred in the central part (stations 2 and 5) during the dry season, when average salinity and temperature were 19.7‰ and 28.5ºC, respectively. Kilby (1955) caught adults (164mm TL) in marshes of Florida with a salinity of 31.1‰ and temperature of 25ºC, while Dawson (1972) observed adults (280 mm SL) and juveniles (101 mm SL) on the Mississippi coast in salinities of 13.1-36.5‰ and temperatures of 12.4-30.8ºC. ...
A total of 190 pipefishes of the species Syngnathus louisianae and Syngnathus scovelli were collected in Tamiahua Lagoon, Veracruz (Mexico), between 1994 and 1995. Seasonal variations in abundance (0.0009-0.0045 ind/m2), biomass (0.0005-0.0090 g/m2) and average weight (0.31-1.98 g/ind) of both species are related to the population structure throughout the life histories and the seasonal environmental changes in the system. The biomass of S. Louisianae peaked during the rainy season (0.0045 ind/m2, 0.0090 g/m2) and that of S. scovelli during the nortes season (0.0035 ind/m2, 0.0011 g/m2). Juveniles (35-120 mm TL) and adults (85-250 mm TL) of both species are found in seagrass habitats with salinities of 18.5-21.4‰. Both species have separate refuge, growth and feeding areas, which allows a better partitioning of space and food resources within the ecosystem. This can modify the spatial and temporal distribution and abundance patterns according to the life cycle.
... Twenty-three specimens were collected from the Bermudas and Bahamas; Atlantic waters off Maryland, New Jersey, North Carolina and Florida; and off the north coast of the Dominican republic (Dawson 1972). Three specimens were caught between the years of 1967 and 1969 in the Gulf of Mexico. ...
This species is widely distributed throughout the Gulf of Mexico over shallow algal and rocky reefs. Although little is known about population size or structure, there are no known major threats and therefore it is assessed as Least Concern.
This chapter discusses polyacrylamides (PAM). Among the various polymers that have been studied for chemical enhanced oil recovery, PAM is most important. PAM is used frequently for mobility control as well as permeability control. PAM (and its modified forms) is the principal polymer used in significant amounts on a commercial basis. Usually, anionic versions of PAM are used rather than the nonionic homopolymer itself. By far, poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) is the most common, and the nomenclature PAM/AA is used in this chapter to refer to this group of polymers. PAM is made by the polymerization of acrylamide monomer, whereas PAM/AA is manufactured either by copolymerizing acrylic acid or via hydrolysis of the homopolymer. Polyacrylamide is a water-soluble polymer that undergoes reactions typical of the amide group. The polymer in the solid state is brittle and not a good film former because of its relatively high glass transition temperature. In this chapter, an overview of acrylamide monomers and polymerization of acrylamide is presented in the chapter. Modified polyacrylamides and field considerations are also presented in the chapter.
A relatively nonmathematical review of the present state of the art of heterostructure junction lasers is presented together with suggested modifications for improving their performance.
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