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Effects of Sulfur and Phosphorous Dopants on Aqueous Corrosion of Sensitized AISI 304 Stainless Steel
Abstract
The modified Strauss test was performed on seven experimental sulfur- and phosphorus-doped and sensitized AISI 304 stainless steels and one ultra-low sulfur heat recast in a vacuum induction furnace. The corrosion rate, measured as a function of sensitization time, varied linearly with sensitization time. The slope was a maximum in the temperature range of 610 to 650 C, depending on the dopant level. A planar diffusion model of carbide growth during sensitization and chromium-depleted region dissolution during the test is used to explain the weight loss measurements. The model is also used to extract an activation energy for chromium diffusion (49.7 kcal/mol). Phosphorus enhances the corrosion rate to a greater degree than sulfur.
Stress corrosion tests on type 304 (UNS S30400) stainless steels (SS) with 0.3 wt% or 1.3 wt% Cu addition were conducted in hot sulfuric acid-sodium hydroxide solutions under constant loads. Cracking susceptibility, corrosion morphology, average crack growth rate (CGR), and average uniform corrosion rate were examined as functions of pH, sulfate ion concentration, and applied stress. The steel with 0.3 wt% Cu exhibited stress corrosion cracking from pH 0.3 to 2.4, in which range the CGR was greater than the corrosion rate. The steel with 1.3 wt% Cu exhibited pit-like attack, crevice corrosion, pit-like attack with cracking, or cracking, depending upon pH (-0.3 to 0.3) and stress level (150 MPa to 325 MPa).
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