i>BARUTUS HARTMANNI , A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES FROM PANAMA WITH A KEY TO THE GENERA OF NEW WORLD PENTODONTINI (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE: DYNASTINAE)

Abstract

Barutus hartmanni, a new genus and species from Volcan de Baru, Chiriqui, Panama, is described and illustrated. A key to the New World genera of Pentodontini (Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) is provided.

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University of Nebraska - Lincoln
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2-1-1981
BARUTUS HARTMANNI, A NEW GENUS
AND SPECIES FROM PANAMA WITH A KEY
TO THE GENE OF NEW WORLD
PENTODONTINI (COLEOPTE:
SCABAEIDAE: DYNASTINAE)
Bre C. Ratclie
University of Nebraska-Lincoln, bratclie1@unl.edu
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Ratclie, Bre C., "BARUTUS HARTMANNI, A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES FROM PANAMA WITH A KEY TO THE
GENE OF NEW WORLD PENTODONTINI (COLEOPTE: SCABAEIDAE: DYNASTINAE)" (1981). Papers in
Entomology. Paper 66.
hp://digitalcommons.unl.edu/entomologypapers/66

463 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 35(4), 1981
BARUTUS HARTMANNI,
A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES
FROM PANAMA
WITH
A
KEY
TO
THE GENERA
OF
NEW WORLD PENTODONTINI (COLEOPTERA:
SCARABAEIDAE: DYNASTINAE)
Systematics Research Collections, W436 Nebraska Hall,
University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588
Barutus hartmanni,
a new genus and species from Volcan de Baru, Chiri-
qui, Panama, is described and illustrated. A key to the New World genera of
Pentodontini (Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) is provided.
In 1976 Dr. Henry Stockwell sent me some Panamanian Scarabaeidae
for identification. Among them was a specimen of a pentodontine from
Chiriqui which I could not place to genus. In 1979 Dr. Henry Howden pro-
vided me with additional examples of this taxon that he had collected in
Chiriqui in 1977, and we discussed the possibility of these specimens
representing an undescribed genus.
I
have determined that this taxon is in-
deed undescribed and provide here a description and diagnosis for the new
genus and species. The following description of puncture size follows my
earlier usage (Ratcliffe 1975).
Barutus
Ratcliffe, new genus
(Fig.
1)
Type-species:
Barutus hartmanni,
new species, here designated.
Description: Form suboval, stout. Length 23-31 mm; width across humeri 11-16 mm.
Head: Frontoclypeal margin with a transverse tubercle. Clypeus subtriangular,
apex rounded. Mandibles well exposed, forward projecting, normally bilobed.
Antenna 10-segmented. Pronotum: Males with a weak, bilobed, tuberculate area
just behind anterior margin; lacking in females. A very weak, longitudinal sulcus
usually present between and behind tubercles in males or through corresponding
area in females. Margins completely beaded. Metastemum: Completely, setiger-
ously punctate. Elytra: Widest behind middle. Surface punctate; punctures ir-
regular on median part of disc, arranged in rows on lateral part of disc. Sides punc-
tate and variably, transversely rugose. Legs: Anterior tibia with
4
acute teeth, basal
tooth very small. Apex of posterior tibia weakly crenulate on outside, bearing a
series of slender spinules.
Diagnosis: The color, size, triangular clypeus, externally lobed and visible
mandibles, weakly tuberculate-sulcate pronotum, heavily punctate elytra,
and completely punctate metasternum are diagnostic for
Barutus.
Distribution: Known from the eastern and northwestern slopes (1000-1400
m) of the Baru volcano (El Volcan; 3,475 m) in Chiriqui, Panama.
Etymology: From Baru, the name of the mountain on whose slopes
specimens were taken, combined with the Latin suffix
-tus
indicating
"belonging to" or "pertaining to," hence belonging to Baru. The generic
name is considered masculine in gender.

RATCLIFFE:
BAR
UTUS
Fig.
1.
Dorsal habitus of
Barutus hartmanni
Ratcliffe.

THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 35(4), 1981
Discussion:
Barutus
is most similar to
Hiekianus
Endrodi but differs
noticeably in the punctation of the metasternum, the form of the clypeus
and pronotum, and the entire versus bilobed tubercles of both the head and
the pronotum.
Since the publication of Endrodi's (1969) key to the genera of New World
Pentodontini, four new genera have been described:
Hiekianus
Endrodi
(1978),
Indieraligus
Decharnbre (19791,
Gillaspytes
Howden (1980), and now
Barutus.
I herewith provide a revised and updated key to the genera of New
World pentodontines to reflect these additions and to clarify Endrodi's key.
Antenna with 9 segments
...............................
2
Antenna with 10 segments.
..............................
3
Head in both sexes with a short horn. Apical region of pro-
notum declivous. (Argentina)
......
Eremobothynus
Ohaus 1910
Head lacking horns, instead with a transverse carina. Apical
region of pronotum not declivous. (SW. United States)
.....
..................................
Aphonides
Rivers 1889
Small species, generally less than 15 mm in length. Head
lacking carina, tubercles, or horn (rarely with a trace of
tubercles). Pronotum lacking tubercles or fovea. Posterior
tibia strongly broadened
................................
4
Larger species, generally greater than 15 mm in length.
Head with transverse carina (on subapex of clypeus or
frontoclypeal suture), tubercles or horn. Pronotum with tu-
bercles (rarely obsolete:
Aphonus, Indieraligus)
and usually
with a fovea or sulcus behind tubercles. Posterior tibia not
strongly broadened apically
..............................
7
Color black
...........................................
5
Color rufous or reddish-yellow
............................
6
Pronotum completely and distinctly punctate. Propygidium
lacks stridulatory striae. (S. United States through South
America)
............................
Euetheola
Bates 1888
Pronotum virtually impunctate. Propygidium with stridu-
latory striae. (African species introduced into S. Brazil)
....
............................
Heteronychus
Burmeister 1847
Posterior femur greatly thickened, apex of posterior tibia
very expanded. (Peru)
...............
Pentodina
Endrddi 1968
Posterior femur normal, apex of posterior tibia not greatly
expanded. (Honduras to Brazil and Peru)
................
............................
Parapucaya
(in part) Prell1934
Size large (30-35 mm). Color rufous. Mandibles without teeth
on external margin. Male with central horn on head, pro-
notum with a strong bifurcate tubercle or horn. Anterior
tibia with a small, basal, fourth tooth. Posterior leg with
basal tarsomere very wide. Propygidium without stridula-
tory striae. (Argentina, Brazil, Colombia)
................
..............................
Thronistes
Burmeister 1847

466
RATCLIFFE: BARUTUS
7'. Not with above combination of characters
..................
8
8(7'). Clypeal apex acute, unidentate; subapical margins carini-
form
.................................................
9
8'. Clypeal apex bidentate, truncate, or rounded; subapical
margins not cariniform
.................................
10
9(8). Mandibles large, tridentate. (S. United States, N. Mexico)
. .
..................................
Oxygrylius Casey 1915
9'. Mandibles smaller, nearly hidden by clypeus, lacking lateral
teeth. (South America)
...............
Oxyligyrus Arrow 1908
lO(8'
).
High, transverse carina present immediately behind apex of
clypeus
.............................................
11
10'. High, transverse carina absent immediately behind apex
ofclypeus
...........................................
12
1
l(10'
).
Transverse carina just behind apex of clypeus tridentate.
Pronotum without tubercles. Apex of foretibia truncate. Size
generally less than 17 mm. (United States)
...............
AphonusLeContel856
11'. Transverse carina just behind apex of clypeus entire or bi-
dentate. Pronotum tuberculate or not. Apex of foretibia
rounded. Size generally greater than 17 mm. (Central and
SW. United States, Mexico, Guatemala, Nicaragua)
.......
.................................
On'rabusFairmaire1878
12(101). Club of antenna very elongated, in male as long or longer
than all other segments together, and in female longer than
stem without basal segment. (Chile)
....................
.....................
Oryctomorphus Guerin-Meneville 1830
12'. Club of antenna short, about as long as stem without basal
segment
.............................................
13
13(12'). Mandibles only slightly visible from above or hidden under
clypeus; outer edge arcuate, not toothed or convexly
rounded
.............................................
14
13'. Mandibles distinctly visible from above; outer edge toothed
or convexly rounded or lobed
............................
16
14(13). Clypeus strongly narrowed towards apex, apex narrowly
bidentate. Color castaneous to black. (Canada to Chile)
....
..........................
Ligyrus (in part) Burmeister 1847
14'. Clypeus not strongly narrowed towards apex, apex broadly
truncate. Color fulvous to rufocastaneous
.................
15
15(14'). Clypeofrontal suture absent. A small horn (males) or tu-
bercle (females) next to eye. Apex of pronotum declivous,
subapex binodose or bituberculate. Length 10 mm or
greater. (Panama, Colombia, Ecuador)
......
Pucaya Ohaus 1910
15'. Clypeofrontal suture present, deeply impressed, strongly
arcuate either side of middle. Head without horns or tu-
bercles. Apex of pronotum faintly bituberculate to entire.
Length 18 mm or less. (Honduras to Brazil and Peru)
......
............................
Parapucaya (in part) Prell1934
16(13'). Mandibles convex (entire or lobed) on lateral edge
...........
17

THE COLEOPTERHSTS BULLETIN 35(4), 1981
Mandibles distinctly tridentate (1 apical tooth,
2
lateral
teeth)
...............................................
22
Apex of clypeus narrowly bidentate. (Galapagos Islands)
...
..................................
Neobothynus Prell1936
Apex of clypeus truncate, acute, or narrowly rounded
........
18
Clypeus abruptly constricted at apex; tip elongate, narrowly
truncate or rounded. Males with head horn, pronotum with
bifurcate horn; females lacking horns. Color piceous (fe-
males) to grey-tomentose (males), opaque. (Brazil, Argen-
tina)
.............................
Diloboderus Reiche 1859
Clypeus regularly acuminate, subtriangular. Horns absent.
Color castaneous, shining
..............................
19
Pronotum lacking distinct apical fovea, sulcus, or tubercles
or fovea either side of middle; marginal bead absent on
base. Scutellum impunctate. Base of pygidium, lateral edge
of abdominal sternites and meso- and metatibiae with ex-
tremely long, dense setae. (Puerto Rico)
.................
.............................
Indieraligus Dechambre 1979
Pronotum with distinct apical fovea, sulcus, or tubercles or
fovea either side of middle; marginal bead present on base.
Scutellum with punctures. Extremely long, dense setae ab-
sent from meso- and metatibiae, pygidium, or sternites
.......
20
Clypeus strongly convex on dorsal surface. Frontoclypeal
suture strongly elevated into a transverse, binodose ridge.
Pronotum with a shallow, ovoid concavity in median half
behind subapical tubercle (male) or with subapical rounded
swelling (female). Elytron with sutural stria and 3 feebly
indicated discal striae. (Mexico)
......
Gillaspytes Howden 1980
Clypeus not strongly convex on dorsal surface, either
weakly convex in basal half only or weakly concave. Fron-
toclypeal suture with a transverse tubercle only. Pronotum
lacking a shallow, ovoid concavity in median half behind api-
cal margin, instead a median longitudinal sulcus or a shallow
fovea either side of middle. Elytron with sutural stria and
4-5 punctate-striate rows on disc
.........................
21
Apex of clypeus narrowly truncate. Tubercle on head entire.
Pronotum with shallow fovea either side of disc; subapical
sulcus and apical tubercles absent. Metasternum setiger-
ously punctate in anterior half only. (Paraguay)
...........
.................................
Heikeianus Endrodi 1978
Apex of clypeus narrowly rounded. Tubercle on head feebly
binodose. Pronotum without fovea either side of middle;
both sexes with a weak, subapical, longitudinal sulcus
(weaker in females), and males with an apical, binodose tu-
bercle. Metasternum completely, setigerously punctate.
(Panama)
......................
Barutus Ratcliffe, new genus
Propygidium with stridulatory structures
.................
23
Propygidium lacking stridulatory structures
...............
25

RATCLIFFE: BARUTUS
23(22). Apical segment of maxillary palpus expanded, triangular.
(South America)
..................
Hylobothynus Ohaus 1910
23'. Apical segment of maxillary palpus normal, cylindrical.
......
24
24(23'
).
Foretibia tridentate. (Mexico through South America)
.....
....................................
BothynusHope1837
24'. Foretibia bidentate. (S. Brazil)
.....
Parabothynus Endrodi 1968
25(22'). Elytron very smooth, with just a few minute punctures. Cly-
peus emarginate laterally at base. (S. Brazil)
.............
.....................................
AceratusPrell1936
25'. Elytron very distinctly punctate
or
punctate-striate. Cly-
peus not emarginate at base.
............................
26
26(25'). Form of body suboval, stout, very convex on dorsum. Sur-
face coarsely punctate-striate. Frontoclypeal carina short,
less than 113 width of base of clypeus. Pronotum evenly con-
vex or with a trace of
an
apical tubercle. (Argentina,
Uru-
guay, S. Brazil)
...................
Philoscaptus Brethes 1919
26'. Form of body more elongate, less stout, not strongly convex
on dorsum. Surface variably punctate. Frontoclypeal carina
long, interrupted at middle or not or replaced by 2 distinct
tubercles. Pronotum with or without apical tubercle and
subapical fovea. (Canada to Chile)
......................
..........................
Ligyrus (in part) Burmeister 1847
Barutus hartmanni Ratcliffe,
new
species
(Figs. 1-3)
Type Material. -Holotype male, labeled "PANAMA: Chiriqui Prov., 2.5 km W Cerro
Punta, 8"51'N, 82'36W,1720 m, 23 May 73, H. Stockwell." Allotype female, labeled
"PANAMA: Chiriqui, Boquete, 1250 m, 8'48'N, 82'26W, 11-14-78, coll. H. Wolda."
Types deposited at the University of Nebraska State Museum.
Paratypes (20) with the following data: (a) as holotype (2 females); (b) as holotype
but with date of 28 November 1975 (2 males); (c) as holotype but with H. Howden
collector, at light, and dates of 15-30 May 1977 (2 males,
1
female), 6 June 1977 (1
male); (d) as holotype but with H.
&
A. Howden collectors and date of 19-23 May
1977 (1 male); (e) as allotype but with dates of 23 January 1977
(1
female), 29
January 1977 (2 females), 13 February 1977 (2 females), 23 March 1976 (1 female), 15
December 1976 (1 male), 17 December 1976 (2 males), 29 December 1976 (1 male); (f)
Chiriqui Prov., PANAMA, El Volcan, 18 May 1976, coll. R. Belzer (1 female).
Paratypes deposited in the collections of the U.S. National Museum of Natural
History (Washington, D.C.), Field Museum of Natural History (Chicago), California
Academy of Sciences (San Francisco), Canadian National Collection of Insects
(Ottawa), British Museum of Natural History (London), Museum fiir Naturkunde
(Berlin), Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris), Roger-Paul Dechambre
(Paris), Sebo Endrodi (Budapest), Henry Howden (Ottawa), Henk Wolda (Balboa,
Panama), and Brett Ratcliffe (Lincoln).
Ho1otype.-Male. Length 27.0 mm; width across humeri 13.0 mm. Color dark
castaneous, moderately shining.
Head:
Front coarsely rugose. A strong, erect tuber-
cle located on margin with clypeus; tubercle darker than ground color, feebly
binodose. Clypeus triangular, apex rounded, external margins reflexed; surface
rugopunctate to weakly rugose. Mandibles large, leaf-like, with 2 broadly rounded
lobes. Interocular width 3.5 transverse eye diameters.
Pronotum:
Length-width
ratio 1: 1.7. Margins completely beaded, sides broadly and evenly rounded, posterior

469
THE COLEOPTERISTS
BULLETIN
35(4),
1981
Figs.
2-3.
B.
hartmanni,
caudal
and
lateral
views
of
parameres.
angle rounded and obtuse, anterior angle acute. Surface weakly aciculate; anterior
half and sides with moderate to large punctures, punctures moderately dense,
generally oval (some irregular), deep, umbilicate; posterior half with punctures
smaller, less dense. Apical fourth with a distinct tubercle either side of middle;
tubercles weak, widely separated, slightly transverse. A very feeble, longitudinal
depression between tubercles. Scutellum triangular, 3 large punctures at base.
Metastemum: Completely, setigerously punctate; punctures small, dense; setae
long, dense, ferruginous. Elytra: Widest behind middle. Sutural stria deeply im-
pressed, subcrenulate in basal third. Disc weakly aciculate, median half irregularly
punctate, punctures moderate to large, shallow, becoming very shallow apically;
lateral half of disc with
5
rows of punctures: rows 1-2 (counting laterally from suture)
regular, punctures in a single line, moderate to large, shallow, some confluent at
base, becoming obsolete in apical third; row 3 irregular, punctures not in a distinct
single line, size moderate to large, shallow, becoming obsolete in apical third; rows
4-5
regular, similar to preceding rows except for presence of several irregular,
transverse rugae. Sides with moderate to large punctures, some in 2-3 indistinct
rows, majority irregularly arranged; punctures a little deeper than those of disc, in-
terrupted by several transverse, strong rugae especially behind humerus. Pygidium:
Strongly convex in lateral view. Surface weakly aciculate. Region of apical margin
either side of middle with a distinct, shallow depression. Disc very sparsely punc-
tate; punctures minute, shallow. Base setigerously punctate in a transverse band;
punctures small, shallow, setae very slender, long, ferruginous. Lateral margins
weakly punctate (apically) to weakly rugopunctate (basally); punctures small to
moderately large (larger either side of middle), shallow. A distinct, transverse, ar-
cuate suture present subapically. Genitalia: Figs. 2-3.
Al1otype.-Female. Length 31.3 mm; width across humeri
15.5
mm. As holotype ex-
cept in the following respects: Head: Tubercle on clypeofrontal margin reduced,
transverse. Clypeus more strongly rugopunctate. Mandibles a single, larger, leaf-
like lobe. Pronotum: Length-width ratio 1: 1.6. Sides more angulate at anterior third
than holotype. Surface with all but basal area with moderate to large punctures;
punctures dense, deep, umbilicate, becoming confluent (nearly rugopunctate) either
side of midline and in anterior angles. Basal fourth with punctures less dense,
moderate in size. Anterior tubercle completely lacking; longitudinal depression at
center apex very feeble, coarsely punctate. Elytra: Sutural stria a row of deep,
ocellate-umbilicate punctures, many punctures confluent. Discal area with rows of
punctures less distinct. Sides with irregular, deep, transverse rugae, rugae
interrupting punctation. Pygidium: Less convex than holotype in lateral view. Disc
irregularly punctate; punctures moderate in density, deep, small to moderate in size.

RATCLIFFE:
BAR
UTUS
Setigerous punctures at base larger, more distinct than holotype. Apical margins
punctate as on disc. Subapical, transverse suture angulate at midline, not arcuate.
Variation.-Males (7 paratypes): Length 23.5-29.0 mm; width across humeri
11.6-14.1 mm. Color varies from castaneous to piceous. Head: Front rugopunctate to
rugose. Tubercle on clypeofrontal margin variable in size ranging from nearly ef-
faced (though distinctly but feebly binodose) to a little larger than holotype (in
which case tubercle entire). Clypeus rugopunctate to rugose, sculpturing weak to
strong. Mandibles as holotype to formed into a single large lobe in
2
specimens, i.e.,
the constriction between the
2
lobes obsolete. Interocular width 3.0 transverse eye
diameters (in smallest male) to as holotype. Pronotum: Length-width ratio
1:
1.6
(smaller specimens) to 1.8 (largest specimen). Degree of punctation slightly variable,
punctures becoming dense to rugopunctate in anterior angle. Anterior tubercle as
holotype to greatly reduced in 3 specimens, obsolete in smallest individual.
Scutellum with several large, setigerous punctures in anterior half; setae apparently
worn off in several examples and holotype. Elytra: Sutural stria as holotype to a line
of deep, ocellate-umbilicate punctures, many punctures confluent. Disc as holotype
to punctures less distinct to transverse rugae interrupting rows of punctures.
Pygidium: Discal area as holotype to punctures slightly larger (becoming small in-
stead of minute). Genitalia: As holotype to width of base of parameres slightly nar-
rower.
Females (13 paratypes): Length 23.5-29.3 mm; width across humeri 11.7-15.3
mm.
Color varies from castaneous to piceous. Head: Sides of clypeus distinctly ar-
cuate in some specimens; otherwise variation is similar to that seen in the male
paratypes. Interocular width 3.0 transverse eye diameters (in smallest female) to as
allotype. Pronotum: Length-width ratio 1: 1.6-1: 1.7. Sides slightly angulate as
allotype to more evenly rounded. Punctation varies from moderate in density in
smaller specimens (less punctate than holotype) to very dense (more punctate than
holotype). Scutellum varies from few punctures (as allotype) to several coarse punc-
tures, confluent or not. Elytra: Sutural stria as allotype to a more continuous, im-
pressed line. Rows of punctures on disc as allotype (majority) to rows a little more
distinct. Pygidium: As holotype to punctation slightly reduced. Subapical.
transverse suture arcuate as in holotype, not angulate as in allotype.
Etymology.-Named in honor of Sen& Ratibor Hartmann whose generous
hospitality and environmental concern for highland forests in Chiriqui have
benefited many naturalists and collectors working from his finca near Santa Clara.
Discussion.-All of the specimens described in this paper were taken at
black light traps in
or
near lower montane forests at
an
elevation of
1000-1400 meters. The Boquete light trap operated by Wolda was in
an
area
called Alto Lino (1300 m) in a small tract of forest surrounded by coffee
plantations (Wolda, personal communication, 1981). Wolda also informs me
that two additional specimens were taken at Fortuna (8"44'N, 82'15111;
1050 m) about 15 km SW of the Boquete light trap. The Alto Lino site has a
distinct dry season whereas the Fortuna locality does not.
Activity patterns of the beetles (and not just of the collectors as light
traps were run throughout the year) generally coincide with the seasonal
precipitation for this region. The number of specimens taken per month is:
January (3), February
(3),
March (I), May (8), June (I), November
(2),
and
December (4). The onset of rainy season in May correlated with the most
specimensimonth taken, and the renewed precipitation in November-
December again saw a peak in activity with apparent carryover into
January and February.
A
bimodal period of activity correlated with in-
creased precipitation is suggested by the limited data.
I collected intensively in May of 1977 and 1980 on the south slope of
Cerro Pando to the NW of the type locality and in the same forest type. In
spite of the close proximity of these two sites (approx. 15 km from Cerro

471
THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 35(4), 1981
Punta), I did not encounter
Barutus hartmanni
nor have others who have
collected extensively over several years in the Cerro Pando vicinity (Hart-
mann's farm).
Barutus hartmanni
may be relatively isolated on the slopes of
El Volcan, but further collecting is needed to verify this.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I am grateful to Dr. Henry Howden (Carleton University, Ottawa), Dr.
Henry Stockwell (Gorgas Hospital, Balboa, Panama), and Dr. Henk Wolda
(Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama) for roviding
me with the specimens used in this study. Dr. Howden providecfvaluable
commentary regarding taxonomic position of the genus, and Dr. Wolda
graciously gave me access to his extensive light trap samples and data from
Panama. I thank Roger-Paul Dechambre (Paris) and Dr. Howden for
reviewing the key to Pentodontini for me and providing important sugges-
tions. I also thank Mark Marcuson (Scientific Illustrator, University of
Nebraska State Museum) for his illustration of
Barutus hartmanni
in Fig.
1. Fieldwork in Panama was supported, in part, by grants from the
Research Council of the University of Nebraska.
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1978. Neue Dynastinen aus Amerika (Coleoptera, Melolonthi-
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