Checklist of the Bromeliaceae from Pedra dos Pontões, Mimoso do Sul, Espírito Santo, Brazil, with four first records for the state

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A Biota Neotropica é uma revista eletrônica e está integral e gratuitamente disponível no endereço http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br Biota Neotropica is an electronic, peer-reviewed journal edited by the Program BIOTA/FAPESP: The Virtual Institute of Biodiversity. This journal's aim is to disseminate the results of original research work, associated or not to the program, concerned with characterization, conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity within the Neotropical region. Biota Neotropica é uma revista do Programa BIOTA/FAPESP -O Instituto Virtual da Biodiversidade, que publica resultados de pesquisa original, vinculada ou não ao programa, que abordem a temática caracterização, conservação e uso sustentável da biodiversidade na região Neotropical./abstract?article+bn01813042013 A versão on-line completa deste artigo está disponível em:/abstract?article+bn01813042013 Received/ Recebido em 12/01/12 -Revised/ Versão reformulada recebida em 09/22/13 -Accepted/ Publicado em 11/07/13 ISSN 1676-0603 (on-line)

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Biota Neotropica is an eletronic journal which is available free at the following site
http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br
A Biota Neotropica é uma revista eletrônica e está integral e gratuitamente disponível no endereço
http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br
Biota Neotropica is an electronic, peer-reviewed journal edited by the Program BIOTA/FAPESP:
The Virtual Institute of Biodiversity. This journal’s aim is to disseminate the results of original research work,
associated or not to the program, concerned with characterization, conservation and sustainable
use of biodiversity within the Neotropical region.
Biota Neotropica é uma revista do Programa BIOTA/FAPESP - O Instituto Virtual da Biodiversidade,
que publica resultados de pesquisa original, vinculada ou não ao programa, que abordem a temática
caracterização, conservação e uso sustentável da biodiversidade na região Neotropical.
Checklist of the Bromeliaceae from Pedra dos
Pontões, Mimoso do Sul, Espírito Santo, Brazil, with
four first records for the state
Couto, D.R. et al.
Biota Neotrop. 2013, 13(4): 113-120.
On line version of this paper is available from:
http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v13n4/en/abstract?article+bn01813042013
A versão on-line completa deste artigo está disponível em:
http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v13n4/pt/abstract?article+bn01813042013
Received/ Recebido em 12/01/12 -
Revised/ Versão reformulada recebida em 09/22/13 - Accepted/ Publicado em 11/07/13
ISSN 1676-0603 (on-line)

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Biota Neotrop., vol. 13, no. 4
Checklist of the Bromeliaceae from Pedra dos Pontões, Mimoso do Sul, Espírito
Santo, Brazil, with four first records for the state
Dayvid Rodrigues Couto1,5, Vitor da Cunha Manhães2,
Fernanda Campanharo Favoreto3 & Ana Paula Gelli de Faria4
¹Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Florestais, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo – UFES,
Av. Governador Lindemberg, 316, Centro, CEP 29550-000, Jerônimo Monteiro, ES, Brasil.
http://www.orestaemadeira.ufes.br/
2Prefeitura Municipal de Alegre, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, Vigilância Ambiental;
Rua Major Quintino, s/n, Centro, CEP 29500-000, Alegre, ES, Brasil
3Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora – UFJF,
Campus Universitário, s/n, São Pedro, CEP 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil.
http://www.ufjf.br/ecologia/
4Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Juiz de
Fora – UFJF, Campus Universitário, s/n, São Pedro, CEP 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil.
http://www.ufjf.br/icb/
5Corresponding author: Dayvid Rodrigues Couto, e-mail: dayvidcouto@hotmail.com
COUTO, D.R., MANHÃES, V.C., FAVORETO, F.C. & FARIA, A.P.G. Checklist of the Bromeliaceae from
Pedra dos Pontões, Mimoso do Sul, Espírito Santo, Brazil, with four rst records for the state. Biota Neotrop.
13(4): http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v13n4/en/abstract?article+bn01813042013
Abstract: Bromeliaceae is one of the most relevant taxonomic groups of the Atlantic Forest, where the Brazilian
southeastern region stands out as a center of diversity and endemism for many taxa of the family. We present
a checklist of the 12 genera and 44 species of Bromeliaceae from the Pedra dos Pontões, in Mimoso do Sul
municipality, Espírito Santo state, southeastern Brazil. The Bromelioideae (22 species) was the subfamily with
most taxonomic diversity, followed by Tillandsioideae (18 species) and Pitcairnioideae (four species). We also
report the rst occurrence of four species (A. squarrosa , N. antoineanum , V. pseudoatra and V. pardalina ) for the
Espírito Santo state. Almost half of the taxa surveyed inhabit exclusively the vegetation associated to the rocky
outcrops, what points out the importance of this kind of environment in the maintenance of the diversity for many
species of bromeliads. We also highlight that the documentation and study of the ora of Espírito Santo, which
is considered a gap in the knowledge of the plant diversity along the entire Brazilian Atlantic Forest, assumes a
relevant aspect in view of the high levels of degradation of the natural ecosystems observed in the state.
Keywords: Atlantic Forest, bromeliads, conservation, rocky outcrops, taxonomy.
COUTO, D.R., MANHÃES, V.C., FAVORETO, F.C. & FARIA, A.P.G. Checklist das Bromeliaceae da Pedra dos
Pontões, Mimoso do Sul, Espírito Santo, Brasil, com notas sobre o primeiro registro de quatro espécies para
o Estado. Biota Neotrop. 13(4): http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v13n4/pt/abstract?article+bn01813042013
Resumo: Bromeliaceae é um dos grupos taxonômicos mais relevantes da Floresta Atlântica, onde o sudeste do
Brasil se destaca como um centro de diversidade e endemismo de muitos táxons da família. Nós apresentamos
uma lista de 12 gêneros e 44 espécies de Bromeliaceae da Pedra dos Pontões, no município de Mimoso do Sul,
estado do Espírito Santo, sudeste do Brasil. Bromelioideae (22 espécies) foi a subfamília com maior diversidade
taxonômica, seguida por Tillandsioideae (18 espécies) e Pitcairnioideae (quatro espécies). Nós também reportamos
a primeira ocorrência de quatro espécies (A. squarrosa , N. antoineanum , V. pseudoatra e V. pardalina ) para o
estado do Espírito Santo. Quase a metade dos táxons levantados habita exclusivamente a vegetação associada
ao aoramento rochoso, o que ressalta a importância deste tipo de ambiente na manutenção da diversidade de
muitas espécies de bromélias. Destacamos também que a documentação e estudo da ora do Espírito Santo,
considerada uma lacuna no conhecimento da diversidade de plantas ao longo da Floresta Atlântica, assume um
aspecto relevante tendo em vista os altos níveis de degradação dos ecossistemas naturais observados no estado.
Palavras-chave: Floresta Atlântica, bromélias, conservação, aoramentos rochosos, taxonomia.

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Biota Neotrop., vol. 13, no. 4
Atlantic Forest domain was observed by Martinelli (2007). Due to the
high diversity, endemism and specialization of the ora, Esgario et al.
(2009) also emphasized the urgent need for a larger number of studies
on rocky environments found in Espírito Santo.
The high bromeliad diversity pointed for the Espírito Santo,
however, contrasts with the conservation status of many species.
Bromeliaceae contributes with 13.5% of the total number of the
endangered species registered for the ora of the state (Simonelli et al.
2007), where the disappearance of natural habitats due to the forest
fragmentation and the exploratory pressures for ornamental purposes
are among the main causes of decline in bromeliad populations.
Besides, mining activities for exploration of ornamental rocks have
reached the typical vegetation of the rocky outcrops, once immune
to the agricultural expansion (Assis et al. 2007).
The goals of this paper were to present an inventory of the
Bromeliaceae from the rocky outcrop Pedra dos Pontões, situated in
the south portion of Espírito Santo state, east of Brazil, with reports of
the rst record of four species for the state. We also present ecological
information about preferential habitats, estimation of local abundance
and conservation status for the studied taxa.
Material and Methods
1. Study site
The studied area is situated at the municipality of Mimoso do
Sul, south of Espírito Santo state, between the coordinates 20° 56’
43”-20° 56’ 27” S and 41° 32’ 21”-41° 34’ 5” W (Figure 1). According
to Köppen (1948), the climate type is Cwb, characterized by humid
Introduction
The Brazil’s Atlantic Forest is considered a world biodiversity
hotspot (Myers et al. 2000), where studies and actions for conservation
are essential to reverse the present status of its degradation. The
climatic and geomorphologic heterogeneity is a remarkable character
of this domain, and its great biodiversity can be explained by the
multiplicity of habitats, such as humid, deciduous and semi deciduous
forests, campos de altitude, campos rupestres, as well as sandy coastal
plains (restingas) and mangroves (Rizzini 1997).
Bromeliaceae is one of the most relevant taxonomic groups of
the Atlantic domain, and nearly 26% of the Brazilian bromeliad
species occurs in this domain (Martinelli et al. 2008). The Brazilian
southeastern gures as a center of diversity and endemism for many
bromeliad taxa and in this context, the state of Espírito Santo stands
out presenting Bromeliaceae as the third largest angiosperm family
in species richness (Fraga et al. 2007). This diversity can be even
greater, taking into account that the Espírito Santo still represents a
gap in the knowledge of the plant diversity along the Atlantic Forest.
This is particullarly observed in the south portion of the state, where
a remarkable number of new bromeliad species was discovered in the
past years: Pitcairnia azouryi (Martinelli & Forzza 2006); Alcantarea
patriae (Versieux & Wanderley 2007), Nidularium alegrense,
Pitcairnia capixaba, Tillandsia castelensis (Leme et al. 2010a),
Pitcairnia diversifolia (Leme et al. 2010b), Pitcairnia abyssicola
Leme & L. Kollmannn and Neoregelia dayvidiana Leme & A. P.
Fontana (Leme et al. 2009), most of them inhabiting the vegetation
associated to rocky outcrops. The scarcity of biological information
for many mountain regions in Brazil, particularly those within the
Figure 1. Location of the Pedra dos Pontões, municipality of Mimoso do Sul, Espírito Santo state, Brazil.

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Biota Neotrop., vol. 13, no. 4
summers and cold and dry winters. With approximately 350 ha, the
area presents an altitudinal gradient ranging from 700 to 1.400 m,
including the Pedra dos Pontões, which is considered the highest
outcrop of the region. It consists of a granitic-gneissic complex
(Companhia... 1995) with patches of rocky vegetation, inserted in a
transition area between montane semi-deciduous forest and montane
dense ombrophilus forest (Veloso et al. 1991), besides a disturbed
matrix composed by coffee plantations (Coffea arabica L.), pasture
and eucalyptus´ silviculture (Figure 2).
2. Data collection
Field expeditions were conducted between the years 2004
and 2012 in areas of montane dense ombrophilus forest and rocky
vegetation. Fertile specimens were collected, photographed and
deposited in the herbarium MBML, with duplicates sent to the
herbarium VIES. Notes on substrate preference (habit epiphytic,
rupicolous or terrestrial), type of vegetation, as well as the geographic
coordinates and altitudinal reference using GPS were taken in the
eld. The apparent local abundance was categorized in four classes,
based on simple visual estimation (according to Versieux et al. (2010),
with modications): 1) common: large populations widespread in
the two types of vegetation studied; 2) occasional: small populations
occurring in the two types of vegetation studied; 3) restrict: large
population, limited to a particular type of vegetation. 4) rare: small
population observed in a particular type of habitat.
The nomenclature of the species and information about
geographical distribution and endemism are cited according to
Forzza et al. (2010) and Govaerts et al. (2012). The ofcial lists of
endangered species consulted were: a) Ofcial List of Endangered
Species of Brazilian Flora (Brasil 2008) and b) List of Endangered
Species of Espírito Santo state (Espírito Santo 2005).
Results
We registered 12 genera and 44 species for the Pedra dos
Pontões, comprising the three subfamilies traditionally recognized for
Bromeliaceae (Table 1). The richest genus was Vriesea (10 species),
followed by Billbergia (seven species), Aechmea and Tillandsia,
with six species each one. The epiphytic habit occurs in 60.4% of
the surveyed species (including four taxa registered as facultative
epiphytes). The terricolous and rupicolous habits totalize 20.8% and
18.7%, respectively (Figure 3).
Twenty one species inhabit exclusively the rocky outcrops
vegetation (nearly 48% of the total taxa surveyed), end the genera
Alcantarea, Bromelia, Catopsis, Pitcairnia and Quesnelia have
restricted occurrence to this environment. The remaining taxa
(10 species) were registered exclusively for montane forest and
Figure 2. Some types of vegetation found in the study area. Montane dense ombrophile forest (a) and areas of coffee plantations (b) with Pedra dos Pontões
behind. Patches of rocky vegetation (c) and detail of the rocky vegetation (d).

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Table 1. Bromeliaceae checklist from Pedra dos Pontões, Mimoso do Sul, ES, Brazil. Species are organized by subfamilies (sensu Smith & Downs 1979) and
followed by the collector number and voucher. Ecological information, such as (1) distribution in different habitats; (2) types of habit and (3) local abundance
estimations are listed as follow: (1) Mf = montane forest; Rv = rocky vegetation. (2) Ep = epiphyte; Ter = terricolous; Ru = rupicolous. (3) Co = common,
Oc = occasional, Re = retrict; Ra = rare.* = Endemic to the Espírito Santo state, ** = Endemic to the studied area, # = First register of occurrence for Espírito
Santo state.
SUBFAMILY Ecological information and geographic
Taxon and voucher coordinates
BROMELIOIDEAE
Aechmea coelestis (K. Koch) E. Morren Mf; 1.290 m; Ep. Ra
D. R. Couto 1.290 (MBML) 20° 56’ 16” S; 41° 33’ 21” W
Aechmea lamarchei Mez Mf; 700-1.220 m; Te. Re
D. R. Couto 928 (MBML) 20° 55’ 57” S; 41° 33’ 2,7” W
Aechmea nudicaulis (L.) Griseb. Rv/Mf; 700-950 m; Ep. Co
V. C. Manhães 18 (MBML) 20° 56’ 31” S; 41° 32’ 45” W
Aechmea ramosa Mart. ex Schult. & Schult.f. Rv/Mf; 700-900 m; Ep. Co
D. R. Couto 180 (MBML) 20°56’20,1” S; 41°32’37” W
Aechmea saxicola L.B.Sm. Rv; 700 m; Ep/Te. Re
V. C. Manhães 27 (MBML) 20°56’19,9” S; 41°32’39” W
Aechmea squarrosa Baker Rv/Mf; 710-1.000 m; Ep/Ru. Oc
D. R. Couto 179 (MBML) 20° 56’ S; 41° 32’ W
Billbergia horrida Regel Rv/Mf; 730-900 m; Ep. Co
V. C. Manhães 15 (MBML) 20° 56’ 18,5” S; 41° 32’ 36” W
Billbergia iridifolia (Nees & Mart.) Lindl. Rv; 730 m; Ter. Re
D. R. Couto 175 (MBML) 20° 56’ 20,7” S; 41° 32’ 38,3” W
Billbergia lietzei E.Morren* Rv; 710 m; Ru. Ra
D. R. Couto 1.450 (MBML) 20° 56’ 21,3” S; 41° 32’ 38,7” W
Billbergia porteana Brong. ex Beer Rv; 723 m; Ep. Re
V. C. Manhães 6 (MBML) 20° 56’ 20,8” S; 41° 32’ 34,8” W
Billbergia tweedieana Baker Rv; 740 m; Ep/Ter. Re
D. R. Couto 2.069 (VIES) 20° 56’ 17,7” S; 41° 32’ 37,9” W
Billbergia vittata Brong. Mf; 710 m; Ep. Re
D. R. Couto 1.030 (MBML) 20° 56’ 8,9” S; 41° 33’ 1” W
Billbergia zebrina (Herb.) Lindl Rv/Mf; 720 m; Ep. Oc
D. R. Couto 2.111 (VIES) 20° 56’ 17,8” S; 41° 32’ 37,5” W
Bromelia antiacantha Bertol. Rv/Mf; 700-1.100 m; Te. Co
V. C. Manhães 42 (MBML) 20° 56’ 22,2” S; 41° 32’ 31,6” W
Edmundoa lindenii (Regel) Leme Rv/Mf; 700-1.110 m; Ep/Ter. Co
V. C. Manhães 25 (MBML) 20° 55’ 58,9” S; 41° 33’ 3,6” W
Neoregelia dayvidiana Leme & A.P.Fontana** Rv; 710-1.045 m; Ep. Re
E. Leme 7.566 (MBML) 20° 56’ S; 41° 33’ W
Neoregelia pauciora L.B.Sm* Rv; 733 m; Ep. Re
V. C. Manhães 41 (MBML) 20° 56’ 19,1” S; 41° 32’ 33,9” W
Nidularium antoineanum Wawra#Mf; 1.080 m; Ep. Re
D. R. Couto 2.019 (VIES) 20° 56’ 20” S; 41° 33’ 24,8” W
Nidularium procerum Lindm. Rv; 700 m; Ter. Re
V. C. Manhães 29 (MBML) 20° 56’ 21,8” S; 41° 32’ 35,6” W
Quesnelia aff. arvensis (Vell.) Mez#Rv/Mf; 730 m; Te. Oc
D. R. Couto 2.068 (VIES) 20° 56’ 21,2” S; 41° 32’ 32,8” W
Quesnelia kautskyi C.M.Vieira Rv; 700-1.050 m; Te. Re
L. Kollmann 6.802 (MBML) 20° 56’ 19” S; 41° 32’ 37” W
Quesnelia strobilispica Wawra Rv; 710 m; Te. Re
V. C. Manhães 26 (MBML) 20° 56’ 18” S; 41° 32’ 37” W
PITCAIRNIOIDEAE
Pitcairnia abyssicola Leme & L.Kollmann** Rv; 1.000-1.290 m; Ru. Ra
E. Leme 7.573 (MBML) 20° 56’ S; 41° 33’ W
Pitcairnia decidua L.B.Sm. Rv; 700-910 m; Ru. Re
V. C. Manhães 9 (MBML) 20° 56’ 31,7” S; 41° 32’ 43” W
Pitcairnia ammea Lindl. Rv; 930 m; Ru. Re

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Biota Neotrop., vol. 13, no. 4
SUBFAMILY Ecological information and geographic
Taxon and voucher coordinates
D. R. Couto 1.102 (MBML) 20° 56’ 21,7” S; 41° 32’ 54,1” W
Pitcairnia glaziovi Baker Rv; 1.310 m; Ru. Ra
D. R. Couto 941(VIES) 20° 56’ 19,1” S; 41° 33’ 20,8” W
TILLANDSIOIDEAE
Alcantarea patriae Versieux & Wand.* Rv; 700-1.350 m; Ru. Re
V. C. Manhães 7 (MBML) 20° 56’ 24” S; 41° 32’ 48” W
Catopsis sessiliora (Ruiz & Pav.) Mez Rv; 710 m; Ep. Re
D. R. Couto 1.350 (MBML) 20° 56’ 20,1” S; 41° 32’ 38,7” W
Tillandsia gardneri Lindl. Rv/Mf; 720-1.040; Ep. Co
V. C. Manhães 36 (MBML) 20° 56’ 1” S; 41° 32’ 59,2” W
Tillandsia geminiora Brongn. Rv/Mf; 710-1.290 m; Ep. Co
D. R. Couto 912 (MBML) 20° 56’ 3,8” S; 41° 33’ 8,4” W
Tillandsia recurvata (L.) L. Rv; 712 m; Ep. Re
L. Kollmann 6.829 (MBML) 20° 56’ 20” S; 41° 32’ 39,6” W
Tillandsia stricta Sol. Rv/Mf; 730 m; Ep. Oc
D. R. Couto 296 (MBML) 20° 56’ 29,8” S; 41° 32’ 41,6” W
Tillandsia tenuifolia L. Rv/Mf; 710-800 m; Ep. Oc
L. Kollmann 6.794 (MBML) 20° 56’ 18,7” S; 41° 32’ 36,8” W
Tillandsia usneoides (L.) L. Rv/Mf; 710-800 m; Ep. Oc
D. R. Couto 252 (MBML) 20° 56’ 19” S; 41° 32’ 39,1” W
Vriesea sp. Mf; 1.210 m; Ep. Re
D. R. Couto 1.975 (VIES) 20° 56’ 10,5” S; 41° 33’ 21,7” W
Vriesea carinata Wawra Mf; 1.290 m; Ep. Re
D. R. Couto 901 (MBML) 20° 56’ 4,3” S; 41° 33’ 8,8” W
Vriesea ensiformis (Vell.) Beer Mf; 1.250 m; Ep. Re
V. C. Manhães 33 (MBML) 20° 56’ 19,9” S; 41° 32’ 39” W
Vriesea fosteriana L.B.Sm. Rv; 700-1.290 m; Ru. Re
V. C. Manhães 30 (MBML) 20° 56’ 20,3” S; 41° 33’ 21,5” W
Vriesea gigantea Gaudich. Rv; 710 m; Ep. Re
D. R. Couto 2.111 (VIES) 20° 56’ 19,5” S; 41° 32’ 39” W
Vriesea lubbersii (Baker) E. Morren Rv; 730-800 m; Ep. Co
V. C. Manhães 5 (MBML) 20° 56’ 18,9” S; 41° 32’ 34,1” W
Vriesea pardalina Mez#Mf; 1200 m; Ep. Re
V. C. Manhães 35 (MBML) 20° 56’ 17,8” S; 41° 33’ 23,1” W
Vriesea pseudoatra Leme#Rv; 1.220 m; Ru. Re
D. R. Couto 940 (MBML) 20° 56’ 22,9” S; 41° 33’ 20,1” W
Vriesea racinae L.B.Sm. Mf; 800 m; Ep. Re
D. R. Couto 1.135 (MBML) 20° 56’ 10,2” S; 41° 33’ 3,0” W
Vriesea scalaris E. Morren Mf; 1.100 m; Ep. Re
V. C. Manhães 34 (MBML) 20° 56’ 3,8” S; 41° 33’ 20,4” W
Table 1. Continued...
13 species were observed in both types of vegetation. In relation to
the local abundance, 59% of the taxa (26 species) were categorized
as restrict, 18% (eight species) as common, 13.6% (six species) as
occasional and 9% (four species) as rare (Table 1 and Figure 3).
The altitudinal range where species richness was higher lies
between 700 and 1.310 m.a.s.l. (Figure 4). Above the 1.300 m
of elevation, we registered an in increase on the richness of
Tillandsioideae species (genera Alcantarea, Tillandsia and Vriesea).
Only Billbergia has showed preferential distribution for elevation
between 700 and 750 m, with the exception of B. horrida Regel, that
grows between 700 and 900 m.
The rst occurrence for the Espírito Santo state is reported
here for Aechmea. squarrosa Baker, Nidularium antoineanum
Wawra, Vriesea pseudoatra Leme and Vriesea pardalina Mez. The
species A. squarrosa (Figure 5a) and V. pseudoatra (Figure 5d)
were previously restricted to Rio de Janeiro state. N. antoineanum
(Figure 5b) and V. pardalina (Figure 5c), otherwise, have been
registered for São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais states, and
now have their distribution extended to the whole Brazilian southeast
region. This work also registers species with endemic distribution
for the Espírito Santo: Alcantarea patriae Versieux & Wand,
Vriesea fosteriana L.B.Sm., Billbergia lietzei E.Morren, Neoregelia
dayvidiana Leme & A.P.Fontana and Pitcairnia abyssicola Leme &
L.Kollmann. The last two taxa were originally described from the
Pedra dos Pontões, and so far are still known only for the type locality.
Four species surveyed are reported in the official list of
endangered species of Espírito Santo (Espírito Santo 2005) as
“Vulnerable”: Billbergia lietzei (Figure 5e), Quesnelia. kautskyi

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C.M.Vieira (Figure 5f), Pitcairnia decidua L.B.Sm. and Vriesea
racinae L.B.Sm. (Figure 5g) and one as “Endangered” (V. fosteriana).
None of the species studied is cited in the list of endangered Brazilian
ora species (Brasil 2008). However, V. fosteriana and V. racinae are
reported as “Data Decient” and further studies about the geographic
distribution and potential threats are necessary to a better denition
of the conservation status of these species.
Discussion
In terms of species richness and diversity, despite its importance
for the ora of Espírito Santo, taxonomic inventories concerning
Bromeliaceae are still scarce in the state, and most published works
have been related to descriptions of new taxa. At the central portion
of the state, in areas of dense ombrophile forest of the municipality of
Figure 3. Distribution of the Bromeliaceae species. A. Subfamilies Pitcairnoideae (P), Bromelioideae (B) and Tillandsioideae (T) and in the principal genera
(black bars =Billbergia, dark gray= Aechmea, light gray= other genera of Bromelioideae, white=Vriesea, hatched =Tillandsia, stippled=other Tillandsioideae).
B. Life forms (black= rupicolous, gray= rupicolous and epiphyte, white=epiphyte, hatched= epiphyte and terricolous, stippled= terricolous). C. Physiognomy
(white = montane forest, gray= montane forest and rocky outcrop vegetation, black = rocky outcrop vegetation) D. Classes of relative abundance ( black = common,
gray = occasional, white= retricted; hatched= rare).
Figure 4. Distribution of the Bromeliaceae species surveyed for the Pedra dos Pontões, according to their occurrence in different altitudinal ranges (the red
line indicates the total number of species in each altitudinal range).

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Bromeliaceae of Pedra dos Pontões, ES, Brazil
http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v13n4/en/abstract?article+bn01813042013 http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br
Biota Neotrop., vol. 13, no. 4
Santa Teresa, Wendt et al. (2010) surveyed 107 taxa of Bromeliaceae
(about a third of the total known for the Espírito Santo). Esgario et al.
(2009) listed 11 species of Bromeliaceae in an inventory of the
vascular ora associated to rocky vegetation in the region of Alto
Misterioso. Silva & Gomes (2003, 2005) studied the bromeliads in
municipality of Serra, and registered 19 and 23 species, respectively.
For the southern portion of the state, Assis et al. (2004) surveyed 14
species in areas of sandy coastal plains (restinga) in the municipality
of Guarapari.
Compared to the studies mentioned above, the Pedra dos
Pontões presents a relevant species richness of Bromeliaceae, what
strengthens the importance of the phytophysiognomies associated
to rocky outcrops in the maintenance of the diversity and endemism
for many taxa of the family. Some species registered in the area
(e.g. Aechmea squarrosa, Billbergia lietzei, Neoregelia dayvidiana,
Pitcairnia abyssicola, P. glaziovii Baker and Vriesea racinae) are
of great conservation importance, due to their restrict geographic
distribution, few collections in the eld and consequently scarce
records in herbarium.
This work highlight that the documentation and study of the
ora of Espírito Santo assumes a more relevant aspect in view of
the high levels of degradation of the natural ecosystems observed in
Figure 5. Some species of Bromeliaceae found in the Pedra dos Pontões. First records for the Espírito Santo state (a-d); Aechmea squarrosa Baker (a); Nidularium
antoineanum Wawra (b); Vriesea pardalina Mez (c); Vriesea pseudoatra Leme (d). Some endangered species registered for the state (e-g); Billbergia lietzei
E.Morren (e); Quesnelia kautskyi C.M.Vieira (f); Vriesea racinae L.B.Sm. (g).

120
Couto, D.R. et al.
http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v13n4/en/abstract?article+bn01813042013
Biota Neotrop., vol. 13, no. 4
the state. The south portion of the Espírito Santo gurate as one of
the most deprived of protected areas. The mountain regions of Alto
Calçado and Serra das Torres, for example, are indicated as having
great priority for implantation of Conservation Units (Instituto...
2012). Our results suggest that this conservation strategy should be
extended for the neighboring fragments of Mimoso do Sul, including
the studied area, also through the implantation of protected areas or
connecting them through ecological corridors.
Acknowledgements
We thank to Antônio Mazza (in memoriam) and his family,
Roberto Bellato and Cristiane Massini, for issuing the necessary
permits to plant collection within their particular propriety; Ludovic
Kollmann, Andre Fontana, Elton Leme and Thiago Coser, for
helping during the eldworks and taxonomic identications; Helio
Fernandes (curator of MBML herbarium) and Henrique Machado
Dias (herbarium VIES, subcuratory Alegre/Jerônimo Monteiro), for
logistic support.
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Received 12/01/2012
Revised 09/22/2013
Accepted 11/07/2013