ArticlePDF Available

Scopinella solani on graminicolous hosts in Slovakia and the Czech Republic

Authors:
  • Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Forest Ecology

Abstract and Figures

Scopinella solani was found on overwintered inflorescences of Brachypodium pinnatum, Dactylis glomerata, and Elytrigia repens. The morphological characteristics and host range of S. solani are described. These are the first records of S. solani in Slovakia and the Czech Republic.
Content may be subject to copyright.
MYCOTAXON
Volume 102, pp. 383–387 October–December 2007
Scopinella solani on graminicolous hosts
in Slovakia and the Czech Republic

uefemapa@hotmail.com
a Slovak Agricultural Research Centre, Research Institute of Plant Production
Bratislavska cesta 122, SK-92168 Piestany, Slovakia
b Institute of Forest Ecology, Branch of Woody Plants Biology
Slovak Academy of Sciences, Akademicka 2, SK-94901 Nitra, Slovakia
AbstractScopinella solaniBrachypodium
pinnatumDactylis glomerata, Elytrigia repens
   S. solani        S. solani

Key words
Introduction
ScopinellaCeratostomataceae Sordariales
       
       
      Scopinella   
S. barbata
Melanospora 

   
Scopinella
S. barbataS. caulincola  S.
solaniScopinella sphaerophila

S.musciformisS. gallicola

 Scopinella solani
         
      Oenothera biennis Arctium minus,

Potentilla pulchella
Pinus sylvestris
Dryas octopetala
       Serratula tinctoria  

         
Brachypodium pinnatum    Dactylis glomerata   Elytrigia
repens         Scopinella  
   Scopinella       
S. solani

          

Materials and methods
 Brachypodium pinnatum Dactylis glomerata, Elytrigia repens

Scopinella solani


     


         
     

Taxonomic description
Scopinella solani
Melanospora solani
Melanospora poae
   Brachypodium pinnatum  
            
Dactylis glomerata
              
   

 
   

Elytrigia repens
 

Scopinella solani... 
Figure 1Scopinella solaniScopinella solani

 
  
Dactylis glomerata  



          
  
        
    

Table 1.    Scopinella solani   

 








  





  






   



  





   





 

           
Scopinella solani

Scopinella solani
S. solani

Acknowledgments
 



Literature cited
        Melanospora   

       

     Melanospora:    

Scopinella solani... 
Chaetoceratostoma 





Scopinella solani
     

Scopinella gallicolaEndocronartium
harknessiiPinus contorta
... Scopinella pyramidospora and S. solani are the only two species of the genus known to occur on grasses. Scopinella solani was found growing on dead leaves of Poa nevadensis in North America (Malloch 1976a) and on overwintered inflorescences of Brachypodium pinnatum, Dactylis glomerata, and Elytrigia repens in Slovakia (Pastirčák & Pastirčáková 2007). Scopinella solani differs from S. pyramidospora in having longer ascomatal necks (300–500 µm), narrower asci (7–11.5 µm), and symmetrical and smaller ascospores (4.5–6.5 × 3.8–5.8 ...
Article
Full-text available
A previously undescribed species of the genus Scopinella was found during a survey of the fungi associated with Cortaderia selloana (Poaceae) in Argentina. The ascospores are strongly asymmetrical and have the shape of a truncated pyramid with a convex quadrangular base. This peculiar ascospore shape sets this species, described here as new, apart from the others of the genus. This is the second record of Scopinella from South America.
Article
Full-text available
The number of species in Sordariomycetes has increased dramatically. However, some genera discovered earlier are poorly known, documented and thus need to be redescribed. This paper continues the work on 'Taxonomic studies of some often overlooked Diaporthomycetidae and Sordariomycetidae'. We provide descriptions, notes and figures or drawings for 71 overlooked genera belonging to Bertiaceae, Ceratostomataceae, Chaetosphaerellaceae, Coronophoraceae, Niessliaceae, Nitschkiaceae and Scortechiniaceae in Hypocreomycetidae based on observation of type materials, authentic specimens or studying the literature. The taxonomic placements of the genera are redefined based on morphology and/or phylogenetic results. As a result, Gonatobotrys and Neotrotteria, which are often overlooked and have unstable taxonomic placements in previous studies, belong to Ceratostomataceae based on morphology and phylogeny. The lichenicolous genus, Nitschkiopsis, which lacks DNA sequence data, is placed in Niessliaceae based on its setose ascomata and hyaline ellipsoidal ascospores similar to Niesslia species. The type species of Cryptosphaerella lacks molecular data and is morphologically similar to Cryptosphaeria or Coronophora, both of which have ostiolate ascomata. Therefore, it is placed in Sordariomycetes, not in Scortechiniaceae, whose species are characterized by ascomata that lack ostioles. In addition, the taxonomy of species with ascomata lacking ostioles in Cryptosphaerella have been revised and introduced as two new genera; Neocryptosphaerella and Pseudocryptosphaerella based on the phylogenetic result. Seven new combinations proposed are Fracchiaea myricoides (≡ Coronophora myricoides), Neocryptosphaerella celata (≡ Cryptosphaerella celata), N. globosa (≡ Cry. globosa), Pseudocryptosphaerella costaricensis (≡ Cry. costaricensis), P. cylindriformis (≡ Cry. cylindriformis), P. elliptica (≡ Cry. elliptica) and P. malindensis (≡ Cry. malindensis).
Article
Full-text available
The paper discusses fungi of 24 glacial relict plants: Arenaria ciliata L. subsp. ciliata, Betula nana L., B. pubescens Ehrh. subsp. carpatica (Willd.) Asch. & Graebn., B. pubescens subsp. czerepanovii (N.I. Orlova) Hämet-Ahti, C. magellanica Lam. subsp. irrigua (Wahlenb.) Hiitonen, Carex rupestris All., Cerastium alpinum L., C. cerastoides (L.) Britton, C. eriophorum Kit. in Schult., Chamaedaphne calyculata (L.) Moench, Dryas drummondii Richards, D. grandis Juz., D. integrifolia Vahl., D. octopetala L. s.l., Empetrum hermaphroditum Hagerup, E. nigrum L., Juncus trifidus L., Loiseleuria procumbens (L.) Desv., Pedicularis sudetica Willd., Rubus chamaemorus L., Salix herbacea L., S. lapponum L., S. reticulata L., and Saxifraga nivalis L., The work is attempt at application of some fungi ( Ascomycota, Chytridiales, Ustilaginales, Uredinales , mitosporic fungi) as guides in vascular plant phytogeography and explanation of the origin of selected glacial relict plants. Parasites and exclusive (specialized) for particular host plant species are the most important fungi for biogeographic analysis. A fungal markers method (FMM) was used. The fungi and host plants for the present study were collected in the mountains and peat bogs of Poland, the Czech Republic, Lithuania, Slovakia, Sweden, Russia and Ukraine. Also materials from Austria, Canada, France, Greenland, Korea, Spitsbergen, Switzerland and U.S.A. were examined. A total of 254 taxa of fungi were collected from 1329 localities investigated. Exclusive species of fungi for all examined host plants have been distinguished. Only Dryas octopetala s.l., D. integrifolia, Empetrum nigrum, E. hermaphroditum, Chamaedaphne calyculata and Rubus chamaemorus possess a number of exclusive species sufficient for analysis. In some cases it was possible to define the direction of migration of the host plants ( Betula nana, Juncus trifidus, Dryas octopetala s.l.) on the basis of mycological data. For dryads the extremely High Arctic track is more important than the Middle Arctic or Low Arctic ones. The waves of migrants moved from the East via Spitsbergen to-wards Greenland. Dryas octopetala seems to have reached the Carpathians from the West. Relative age of some fungi has been estimated. Wide circumpolar and alpine distribution points out that Isothea rhytismoides (Bab. ex Berk.) Fr. is one of the oldest dryadicolous fungi. The limited ranges of Sphaerotheca volkartii Blumer, Synchytrium cupulatum Thomas, Hypoderma dryadis Nannf.: L. Holm, and Epipolaeum absconditum (Johanson) L. Holm indicate a relatively young age of these species. A four new taxa i.e. Lachnum uralense, Leptosphaentlina sibirica, Melanomma margaretae and Tiarospora pirozynskii are described and illustrated. 27 species arę for the first time reported from Poland.
Article
Full-text available
A re-evaluation of Melanospora Corda and similar genera is presented, based mainly on new data obtained by SEM examination of the ascospores. Eight genera are accepted: Melanospora (nine British species, including M. longisetosa P. Cannon & D. Hawksw.), Persiciospora P. Cannon & D. Hawksw. (including P. moreaui P. Cannon & D. Hawsksw. and P. masonii (Kirschst.) P. Cannon & D. Hawksw.), Phaeostoma (one species), Scopinella (four species; two in the British Isles), Sphaerodes (six species, including S. beatonii (D. Hawksw.) P. Cannon & D. Hawksw., 5. compressa (Udagawa & Cain) P. Cannon & D. Hawksw., S.fimicola (Hansen) P. Cannon & D. Hawksw., S. perplexa (D. Hawksw.) P. Cannon & D. Hawksw., S. retispora (Udagawa & Cain) P. Cannon & D. Hawksw., 5. retispora var. inferior (Udagawa & Cain) P. Cannon & D. Hawksw.; two in the British Isles), Sphaeronaemella (one species, not known in Britain), Syspastospora P. Cannon & D. Hawksw. (one species, S. parasitica (Tul.) P. Cannon & D. Hawksw.) and Viennotidea P. Cannon & D. Hawksw. (four species, including V.fmicola (Marchal) P. Cannon & D. Hawksw., V. humicola (Samson & W. Gams) P. Cannon & D. Hawksw., V. spermosphaerici (Malloch) P. Cannon & D. Hawksw., and V. raphani (Malloch) P. Cannon & D. Hawksw.; one in the British Isles).
Article
Full-text available
Two new ascomycetes, Boerlagiomyces costaricensis (Pleosporales) and Scopinella musciformis (Sordariales sensu lato), from litter samples collected in rainforests of Costa Rica, are described and illustrated. Boerlagiomyces costaricensis has globose, ostiolate ascomata covered by numerous setae-like hairs; cylindrical, fissitunicate asci without apical structures; and large, fusiform, muriform, hyaline to pale brown ascospores. Scopinella musciformis is characterized by ostiolate ascomata with a few compact clusters of hypha-like hairs distributed on the peridial surface and a long neck; ovate to ellipsoidal unitunicate asci; and small quadrangular ascospores with diagonal germ slits.
Article
The generic name Chaetoceratostoma Turc. & Maffei (1912), type species C. hispidum Turc. & Maffei, is considered to be a later synonym of Scopinella Lév. (1847), type species S. barbata (Pers. ex Gray) Lév. ex Sacc, a genus allied to Melanospora Cda. C. graphioides (Sacc.) C. Booth & Dennis is treated as a synonym of Phaeostoma vitis (Fckl) Arx & E. Müll, and C. longicolleum (Krzem. & Badura) Badura and C. longirostre Farrow belong to a distinctive undescribed genus of the Chaetomiaceae Wint.
Article
A new species of Scopinella is described and illustrated. This species, Scopinella gallicola, occurs on Pinus contorta galls caused by Endocronartium harknessii. It differs from previously described species mainly in its unusual habitat, size, and shape of the ascocarp, and two- and four-spored asci. The Harziella anamorph is also described. No anamorph has been reported in other species.
387 Hawksworth DL. 1975. Chaetoceratostoma Turc. & Maffei, a genus to be rejected
  • Scopinella
Scopinella solani in Slovakia & Czech Republic... 387 Hawksworth DL. 1975. Chaetoceratostoma Turc. & Maffei, a genus to be rejected. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 64: 447–453.
Fungi Exsiccati Suecici, Praesertim Upsalienses. Fasc.71 & 72 (Nos 3501-3600)
  • L Holm
  • S Ryman
Holm L, Ryman S. 1997. Fungi Exsiccati Suecici, Praesertim Upsalienses. Fasc.71 & 72 (Nos 3501-3600). Thunbergia 26: 1-41.
Checklist of non-vascular and vascular plants of Slovakia. Veda: Bratislava (Slovakia)
  • P Lizoň
  • K Bacigálová
Lizoň P, Bacigálová K. 1998. Fungi. In: Marhold K, Hindák F. (eds). Checklist of non-vascular and vascular plants of Slovakia. Veda: Bratislava (Slovakia). pp. 101-227.
Le genre Melanospora: biologie, morphologie, développement, systématique
  • G Douget
Douget G. 1955. Le genre Melanospora: biologie, morphologie, développement, systématique. Botaniste 39: 1-313.