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Polska Lista Przymiotnikowa (PLP): Narzędzie do diagnozy pieciu wielkich czynników osobowości [Polish Adjective List: Instrument to assess the five-factor model of personality].
... The main focus of the psycholexical approach has been on selfdescriptions, whereas separate lexical structures based on peer-ratings have been examined only in a handful of studies (e.g., Di Blas & Forzi, 1998;Goldberg, 1990;Gorbaniuk et al., 2014;Gorbaniuk Bevz, et al., 2019;Mlačić & Ostendorf, 2005;Somer & Goldberg, 1999;Singh et al., 2013;Szarota, 1995;Szarota, 1996;Zhou et al., 2009). Moreover, selfrating structures are regarded as a reference point in cross-language comparisons (e.g., De Raad et al., 2010, 2014Saucier et al., 2014), moving peer-ratings into the background. ...
... In the literature there are several examples of alternative psycholexical studies which indicate that methodology could influence the results (Caprara & Perugini, 1994;De Raad et al., 1998;Di Blas & Forzi, 1998;Gorbaniuk et al., 2013;Szarota, 1995;Szarota, 1996). Our research supports these findings, especially when comparing our study with the study of Livaniene and De Raad (2016). ...
We developed a taxonomy and structure of Lithuanian personality attributes following the principles of the psycholexical approach. Personality-relevant descriptors – 9,625 adjectives, type-nouns, attribute-nouns, and participles – were selected from the Dictionary of the Standard Lithuanian Language by two judges, and subsequently classified by six judges. Finally, a principal component analysis was performed, followed by varimax rotation for the 627 morphemically unique personality-descriptive terms, separately for ipsatized self-ratings and peer-ratings from 519 and 554 Lithuanian students respectively. We found that the Big Five structure was the best fit for the self-ratings with no need to re-align emic factors, whereas HEXACO dimensions were confirmed after re-rotating the six-factor structure. The best fit for the peer-ratings was four-factor structure.
... In Polish, as in other Indo-European languages (especially Germanic ones like English, German, and Dutch), the adjectives can be classified into five taxonomic groupings (Angleitner et al., 1990;Szarota, 1995): (1) dispositions or traits, e.g., "trustworthy, " ...
... This yielded a list of 401 adjectives. Then, we extracted all the adjectives from the mood checklists (Watson and Tellegen, 1985;Thayer, 1989;Matthews et al., 1990) and the personality questionnaires and lexical studies on personality (Cattell, 1943;Goldberg, 1992;Costa and McCrae, 2008;see also De Raad, 2000) with translations based on the Polish adaptations of the tools and the individual differences manual of Strelau (Szarota, 1995;Strelau, 2014). Finally, the judges went through a small contemporaneous dictionary of the Polish language (Sobol, 2006) and selected from it all the mood and personality adjectives. ...
Emotional adjectives can be grouped into two main categories: denoting and connoting stable (personality) traits and denoting and connoting transient (mood) states. They relate closely to the concept of affectivity, which is a pervasive tendency to experience moods of positive or negative valence. They constitute a rich study material for personality and affect psychology and neuroscience. Thus, this study was designed to establish a normed list of emotional adjectives with ratings encompassing four dimensions: emotional valence (positive or negative), emotional arousal (low-arousing or high-arousing), category (state, trait, and hybrid), and social judgment (competence, morality, and mixed). The adjectives were preselected based on previous broad Polish norming studies, personality and mood questionnaires, and a dictionary study. The results of the study were drawn from 195 participants who rated 400 adjectives that were chosen based on similar linguistic variables, such as frequency and word length. The dataset measures were proven to be stable and reliable. Correlations between the emotional valence and state-trait, valence and competence-morality, and emotional arousal and competence-morality dimensions were found. The study was successful in preparing a dataset of well-categorized (state, trait, and hybrid) positive and negative adjectives of moderate to high arousal ratings. Since the words were matched on linguistic variables, the set provided useful material that can be readily used for research into the effects of the category and emotional dimensions on language processing and as a basis for new personality questionnaires and mood checklists. The dataset could also be seen as a supplement for broader sets of published normed materials in Polish that link emotion and language.
... In the first study, the formal aspects of the goal oriented activity was also measured using WKP Questionnaire developed by Blazek, Kadzikowska-Wrzosek and Baryla (Blazek, Kadzikowska-Wrzosek, 2002). In the second study a scale of efficacy and of community developed by Wojciszke and Szlendak (2010) was used, and in the third study PLP developed by Szarota (1995) to measure personality traits. The results obtained in all three studies indicate that SCC has a high rate of reliability. ...
... Cechy osobowości. Do pomiaru podstawowych cech osobowości ujętych w teorii Wielkiej Piątki zastosowano Polską Listę Przymiotnikową (Szarota, 1995). Używając listy 60 przymiotników, badani odpowiadają na pytanie, jaką osobą są na skali od 1 -taki/taka nie jestem do 5 -taki/taka jestem. ...
The article presents the short version of Self-Concept Clarity scale (SCC) developed by Campbell and colleagues (1996). The SCC scale measures structural aspect of the self, namely the extent to which self-beliefs are clearly defined, and stable. The scale consists of 12 questions, and the higher the score the more clear and stable are person's beliefs about themselves, regardless of their content. The article presents three empirical studies, in which 519 people, including 329 women, participated. In all three studies the Polish adaptation of SCC developed by Blazek, Besta, and Kazmierczak in 2011, and the Rosenberg's SES (2008) were used. In the first study, the formal aspects of the goal oriented activity was also measured using WKP Questionnaire developed by Blazek, Kadzikowska-Wrzos-ek and Baryla (Blazek, Kadzikowska-Wrzosek, 2002). In the second study a scale of efficacy and of community developed by Wojciszke and Szlendak (2010) was used, and in the third study PLP developed by Szarota (1995) to measure personality traits. The results obtained in all three studies indicate that SCC has a high rate of reliability. The results are consistent with the theoretical assumptions and
... It is estimated that Polish is the mother tongue for approximately 40 million people (Simons & Fennig, 2018). Although the Polish language has been twice subjected to independent psycholexical analyses (Szarota, 1995;Gorbaniuk, Czarnecka, & Chmurzyńska, 2011) and is included in nearly all comparisons aimed at identifying culturally universal personality traits (e.g., Ashton et al., 2004;De Raad et al., 2010;De Raad, Perugini, Hrebícková, & Szarota, 1998;Peabody & De Raad, 2002), both lexical studies were limited to adjectives only. The aim of the presented research was to systematize and classify the complete domain of Polish person-descriptive terms based on homogeneous and up-to-date lexical data in order to provide the basis for future quantitative studies on the factor structure of individual differences in the Polish language. ...
... The presented research results are the third attempt at conducting qualitative and quantitative analyses of the Polish lexicon of person-descriptive terms. As opposed to the previous studies, limited only to the adjective lexicon (Szarota, 1995;Szarota et al., 2007;Gorbaniuk et al., 2011), the current analyses systematize the complete lexicon used to describe human characteristics, including adjectives, adjectival participles, adverbs, attribute-nouns, type-nouns, and verbs. The source of the lexicon that we used was the most recent and up-to-date universal dictionary of Polish, which is in the top quarter in terms of size among the studies conducted so far (median: 70,000 entries). ...
Background
Lexical research based on the assumption that all the main human characteristics are encoded in the natural language constitutes one of the alternative ways of developing a taxonomy of individual differences in psychology. The majority of studies to date, including Polish ones, have been restricted to the analysis of the adjective lexicon, which means their results are at risk of reduc-tionism. The aim of the presented research was to develop a classification of the complete Polish lexicon of person-descriptive terms (adjectives, participles, adverbs, nouns, and verbs).
Participants and procedure
We analyzed 100,000 entries found in a universal dictionary of Polish and identified 27,813 terms used to describe human char-acteristics. The identified person-descriptive terms were classified by a team of 13 trained judges into 16 subcategories. The judges’ taxonomic decisions were tested for validity and reliability.
Results
Personality (dispositional) descriptors (5,598) constitute 20.1% of the Polish lexicon of person-descriptors; this includes 1,641 adjectives and participles, 612 adverbs, 1,442 attribute-nouns, 1,029 type-nouns, and 916 verbs. The analysis of the semantic redundancy of terms representing different parts of speech but having the same common morpheme among dispositional de-scriptors revealed 1,979 morphemes with distinct meanings. Only 64% of these morphemes are represented by adjectives.
Conclusions
Adjectives constitute the largest group of personality (dispositional) descriptors but do not account for the entire Polish person-ality lexicon. The results of the study are a point of departure for research into the specificity of the structure of personality de-scriptions in the Polish language using various linguistic categories and for a comprehensive study on the entire Polish personal-ity lexicon.
... A questionnaire (presented in the Appendix) was created for the study to examine the representation of a child in the mother's mind, containing questions about the child's personality, needs, preferences and emotional relationship of the mother, in which the respondents indicated all items on an answer list, accurately defining their children and their own feelings. The response lists were created on the basis of the Polish Adjective List [15], Abraham Maslow's theory [16], the Multidimensional Preferences Questionnaire [17] and the Scale of Emotional Intelligence -Faces [18]. The accuracy of the items on the lists was assessed by 12 competent judges (psychologists). ...
Background:
The representation of a child is an important element of mother-child relations, which allows the mother to empathise with and respond to the child's needs. A child's cancer may be reflected in the mother's representation of the child. The aim of this study was to see whether there were differences in a mother's representation of healthy and oncologically ill children.
Material and methods:
The participants in the study include 30 mothers of oncologically ill children and 25 women with healthy children as the control group. The study used a self-constructed questionnaire containing questions about the mothers' representations of their children as well as demographic information.
Results:
Women with oncologically ill children less frequently described their children as independent, impulsive, needing food and the recognition of others, than mothers of healthy children. They also felt fear more frequently when thinking about the child. There were, however, common elements in representations of ill and healthy children. Impulsiveness and interest in computer games and movies was more often attributed to boys than girls in both categories, while helpfulness was attributed more often to older children than younger ones. Single mothers felt regret more often when thinking about the child than mothers who had some helpers.
Conclusion:
Maternal representations of a child may include, but do not have to include, disease-related content. Perceptions of a child's independence, impulsiveness, and needs seem to be related to the child's health, but for other elements of the child's image this relation is not present.
In this cross-sectional study we aimed at: 1) validating the observer (Obs) version of HEXACO Medium School Inventory Extended (MSI-E); 2) establishing convergent and divergent construct validity of the HEXACO-MSI-E; 3) establishing criterion validity of HEXACO-MSI-E. We administered the HEXACO-MSI-E, the Big Five Questionnaire-Children (BFQ-C), the Internalizing and Externalizing scales of Youth Self Report (YSR), some items of the 2019 Middle School Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRB) and some items about adolescents’ values, beliefs, behaviors, and desired features of a possible future job to 1175 adolescents (M age = 12.03, SD = 0.89) and the observer version of these measures (except for BFQ-C) to 854 parents or legal guardians. The factorial structure and the reliability of the Observer Report of HEXACO-MSI-E were confirmed. Convergent and divergent validity were successfully established with a version of the inventory filled out by parents. Convergent and divergent validity were also established with BFQ-C notwithstanding some only apparent anomalies. Criterion validity was established with respect to four specific groups of criteria collected in both self-report and observer form. HEXACO-MSI-E traits were more predictive with respect to self-report than to observer criteria and the majority were common. Together with the positive results of this study, implications and issues for future studies are discussed.
Conversational user interfaces have become a part of our lives today. Chatbots are one of the conversational user interfaces that many companies have been using them as their own virtual personal assistant. One of the reasons for this is to provide customers with 24/7 service, low cost compared to customer agents, and easy access to customers’ personal data history. Furthermore, chatbots have become an attractive tool for users because they provide support to users with quick access to the answers they are looking for, eliminating the need for additional applications, and allowing them to save their conversations. In other words, it is beneficial for both users and companies. Therefore, in the face of the rise of chatbots, designers’ mission should be to represent users a better experience.
One of the critical points of establishing better experiences and relationships between chatbots and users is to design qualified interactions in chatbots. For this reason, the questions that designers and design researchers should ask themselves are as follows: What should be considered when creating a chatbot as a designer? How should a relationship be established with users? What is the importance of personality in these products that behave lifelike? This research aims to answer these questions and to investigate the personality creation in text-based user interfaces to improve user experience in products that behave like living things. For this purpose, an online study has been conducted on chatbots, which are also described as text-based personal assistants. The study aims to investigate whether users will be able to recognize designed chatbot personalities, whether personalities of chatbots will affect the perception of chatbots’ capability, and whether personalities of the users will affect their perception.
Research on the personality of primary school teachers and on their level of competence in teaching migrant children, including their own migration experience and their attitudes toward training for better education of foreign pupils, was conducted in 2016, using Big Five NEO-FFI and a questionnaire constructed by the authors (PPNUC). The subjects work in a big Polish city and their school is attended by Ukrainian and Vietnamese migrant children; half of the teachers (called NU) have the migrant children in their classes, the other half do not (NN). The results have shown, among others, that NU teachers have higher extraversion scores than NN and that younger teachers have a more positive attitude toward training programs for educating migrant children.
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