New records of lichenized fungi from the Near East

Abstract

Seven species of lichenized fungi (Bagliettoa parmigerella, Collema callopismum, Dermatocarpon intestiniforme, Opegrapha demutata, O. subelevata, Phaeophyscia hirsuta, and Rinodinella dubyanoides) that are new to the Near East were reported. New localities of 54 other species were recorded. Data on distribution of these species in various regions of the Near East and in the world were given.

Full text

139
MYCOLOGIA BALCANICA 1: 139–151 (2004)
New records of lichenized fungi from the Near East
Marina Temina, Solomon P. Wasser * & Eviatar Nevo
Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel
Received: June 1, 2004 / Accepted: August 30, 2004
Abstract. Seven species of lichenized fungi (Bagliettoa parmigerella, Collema callopismum, Dermatocarpon
intestiniforme, Opegrapha demutata, O. subelevata, Phaeophyscia hirsuta, and Rinodinella dubyanoides) that are
new to the Near East were reported. New localities of 54 other species were recorded. Data on distribution of
these species in various regions of the Near East and in the world were given.
Key words: lichen diversity, Near East, new records
Introduction
Lichenological investigation of the Near East has a long
history.  e fi rst data on lichens of this region were recorded in
the works of Nylander (1864) and Müller Argo (1880, 1884,
1891), including information on lichen species collected in
the Sinai Peninsula and the Negev Desert. At the same time,
Krempelhuber (1868) was the fi rst to report on lichens from
Syria. Subsequently, lichen biota of various territories of the
Near East has been studied by many scientists (Steiner 1916,
1921; Reichert 1937a, b, 1940; Szatala 1941, 1960; Santesson
1942; Reichert & Avisohar-Herchenzon 1946; Werner 1954,
1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1963, 1966; Reichert & Galun
1958; Galun & Reichert 1960, 1965; Galun 1963, 1966a,
b, 1967, 1970; Galun & Lavee 1966; Alon & Galun 1971;
Galun & Garty 1972; Marton & Galun 1974, 1981; Khalife
1982; El-Oqlah & Lahham 1985; El-Oqlah et al. 1986; Garty
& Binyamini 1990; El-Oqlah 1992; Insarov & Insarova 1995;
Wasser et al. 1995; Galun & Mukhtar 1996; Kondratyuk et
al. 1996; Navrotskaya et al. 1996; Kondratyuk & Zelenko
2002; Temina et al. 2002).  ere are a number of taxonomic
papers where some lichen species from various regions of the
Near East are mentioned (Wunder 1974; Mayrhofer & Poelt
1979; Egea 1989; Lumbsch 1989; Breuss 1990; Knoph 1990;
Moreno & Egea 1992; Giralt & Mayrhofer 1994; Navarro-
Rosinés & Hladun 1996).
 e most intensive investigations of lichen diversity were
made in the territories of Israel and Syria. To date, the list
of lichens and lichenicolous fungi of Israel includes 258 taxa
(Temina et al. 2002) and in Syria – 299 taxa (John et al.
2004).  e lichen biota of other areas of the Near East is
still poorly known.  e number of lichens and lichenicolous
fungi reported from Jordan were 93 (Schultz 2003). Eighty-
one taxa were published by Werner (1954, 1955, 1956,
1957, 1958, 1959, 1963, 1966) and 43 by Khalife (1982)
for Lebanon. According to Galun & Garty (1972) and
Galun & Mukhtar (1996), 55 lichen species occurred in the
Sinai Peninsula.
 e present paper adds to already existing data on lichen
diversity of the Near East. Data on 61 lichen species are
given.
Materials and Methods
 e paper is based on the results of several expeditions to
various regions of Israel from July 2000 to August 2002.
Lichen species were collected by M. Temina (MT) in 13
localities from the following natural regions: Mount Hermon,
Golan Heights, Upper Galilee, Upper Jordan Valley, Akko
Plain, Mount Carmel, and Central Negev.  e natural regions
of Israel are given according to Zohary & Feinbrun-Dothan
(1966-1986) (Fig. 1).
* Corresponding author: e-mail: spwasser@research.haifa.ac.il

140
Localities:
1) Mount Hermon: Ski resort, upper cable station, 33°17’N,
35°45’E, alt. 2000 m, 18 Aug 2002.
2) Mount Hermon: Ski resort – lower cable station,
33°17’N, 35°44’E, alt. 1600 m, 26 Sep 2000.
3) Mount Hermon: NE vicinity of the village of Majdal
Shams, old fruit garden, 33°16’N, 35°45’E, alt. 1300 m,
27 Sep 2000.
4) Golan Heights: S vicinity of the village of Mas’ada, oak
forest, 33°13’N, 35°45’E, alt. 800-900 m, 20 Sep 2000.
5) Golan Heights: Nahal Meitsar, canyon, 32°44’N,
35°43’E, 5 Jun 2002.
Fig. 1. Map of natural regions of Israel: AP – Akko Plain; AV –
Arava Valley; BS – Bet Shean Valley; CC – Carmel Coast;
CM – Mount Carmel; CN – Central Negev; DS – Dead Sea
Area; EP – Esdraelon Plain; GC – Galilee Coast; GH – Go-
lan Heights; GM – Gilboa Mountains; HE – Hermon; HP –
Hula Plain; JD – Judean Desert; JM – Judean Mountains;
LG – Lower Galilee; LJ – Lower Jordan Valley; NN – North-
ern Negev; PP – Philistine Plain; SA – Samaria; SH – Shefela;
SN – Southern Negev; SP – Sharon Plain; UG – Upper Gali-
lee; UJ – Upper Jordan Valley; WN – Western Negev
, ., , ..  , . —      
6) Golan Heights: Tel Dan Nature Reserve, 33°14’N,
35°38’E, 18 Aug 2002.
7) Upper Galilee: Lower Nahal Keziv, “Evolution Canyon”
II, 33°02’N, 35°11’E, 5 Nov 2001.
8) Upper Galilee: the vicinity of Mi’ilya, 33°01’N, 35°14’E,
5 Dec 2000.
9) Upper Galilee: the vicinity of Dalton, alt. 800 m,
33°01’N, 35°28’E, 13 Jan 2001.
10) Upper Jordan Valley: NE vicinity of Kokhav Ha-Yarden
Reserve, 32°36’N, 35°31’E, 25 Sep 2000.
11) Akko Plain: SE area of Kiryat Bialik, Ha Hagana St.,
32°49’N, 35°05’E, 12 Jul 2000.
12) Mount Carmel: Mount Carmel National Park, Lower
Nahal Oren, “Evolution Canyon” I, 32°43’N, 34°58’E,
12 Jun 2001.
13) Central Negev: Negev highland, Makhtesh Ramon Na-
ture Reserve, alt. 900-1000 m, 30°37’N, 34°54’E, 29
Sep 2000.
All lichen samples were collected for precise determination
in the laboratory. Observations and measurements of
morphological characters of lichen specimens were made under
a dissecting microscope. Anatomical details were obtained by
examining hand-cut sections or squash preparations under a
light microscope. Microscopic preparations were mounted
in water, 10 % potassium hydroxide or Lugol’s solution.
Measurements of anatomical characters were made in water
at ×100-1000 magnifi cation.  e spot tests on the thallus and
medulla were made using 10 % potassium hydroxide, calcium
hypochlorite, and para-phenylendiamine in ethanol. Hymenial
color tests were carried out using 50 % nitric acid and Lugol’s
solution.  e following references were used to identify the
specimens: Poelt (1969), Galun (1970), Alon & Galun (1971),
Oxner (1971), Esslinger (1978), Poelt & Vězda (1981),
 omson (1984, 1997), Mayrhofer (1988), Egea (1989),
Fröberg (1989), Torrente & Egea (1989), Breuss (1990), Purvis
et al. (1992), Egea & Torrente (1993), Wirth (1995), Navarro-
Rosinés & Hladun (1996), Brodo et al. (2001), and Giralt
(2001). To verify identifi cation of new species, specimens from
lichenological collections of the Department of Lichenology
& Bryology of Komarov Botanical Institute (St. Petersburg,
Russia) were used as comparative material. Lichen nomenclature
is given according to Kirk et al. (2003). Herbarium specimens
are deposited at the herbarium of the Institute of Evolution,
University of Haifa, Israel (HAI).
List of species
Aspicilia contorta (Hoff m.) Kremp. subsp. contorta ( Verrucaria
contorta Hoff m., Lecanora contorta (Hoff m.) J. Steiner)
Description: Galun (1970), Fröberg (1989).
New locality in Israel: HE: Ski resort – lower cable station,
33°17’N, 35°44’E, alt. 1600 m, 26 Sep 2000 – on calcareous
rock, MT (HAI 001 2321).

   () 141
General distribution: Europe (widespread), Asia
(Caucasus, Israel, Mongolia, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tajikistan,
Turkey), North Africa (Morocco), Canary Islands, North
America, Australia.
Note: In Israel this species was found in Upper Galilee and Mount
Carmel (Galun 1970; Galun & Mukhtar 1996; Kondratyuk et al. 1996).
 is species was also reported from Syria (John et al. 2004).
Aspicilia contorta subsp. hoff manniana S. Ekman & Fröberg
(Lecanora hoff mannii Müll. Arg., Aspicilia hoff mannii (Ach.)
Flagey)
Description: Galun (1970), Fröberg (1989).
New localities in Israel: HE: Ski resort, upper cable
station, 33°17’N, 35°45’E, alt. 2000 m, 18 Aug 2002 – on
calcareous rock, MT (HAI 021 2411), Ski resort – lower
cable station, 33°17’N, 35°44’E, alt. 1600 m, 26 Sep 2000 –
on calcareous rock, MT (HAI 001 2322), NE vicinity of the
village of Majdal Shams, old fruit garden, 33°16’N, 35°45’E,
alt. 1300 m, 27 Sep 2000 – on calcareous rock, MT (HAI
001 2217); UG: Lower Nahal Keziv, “Evolution Canyon”
II, 33°02’N, 35°11’E, 5 Nov 2001, south-facing slope – on
calcareous rock, MT (HAI 012 416).
General distribution: Europe (widespread), Asia
(Caucasus, China, Israel, Kuwait, Mongolia, Syria, Tajikistan,
Turkey), North Africa (Morocco, Tunisia), Canary Islands,
North America, Australia.
Note: In Israel this species was recorded from the Negev Desert (Galun
& Reichert 1960; Galun 1970; Insarov & Insarova 1995; Galun & Mukhtar
1996; Kondratyuk et al. 1996).  is species was also reported from Syria
(John et al. 2004).
Aspicilia desertorum (Kremp.) Mereschk. (Lecanora desertorum
Kremp.)
Description: Galun (1970), Oxner (1971).
New localities in Israel: HE: Ski resort, upper cable station,
33°17’N, 35°45’E, alt. 2000 m, 18 Aug 2002 – on calcareous
rock, MT (HAI 021 2412), Ski resort – lower cable station,
33°17’N, 35°44’E, alt. 1600 m, 26 Sep 2000 – on calcareous
rock, MT (HAI 001 2323).
General distribution: Europe, Asia, North America.
Note: In Israel this species was found in the Upper Jordan Valley (Galun
& Mukhtar 1996) and in the Judean and Negev Deserts (Galun 1970; Galun
& Mukhtar 1996; Kondratyuk et al. 1996).  is species was also reported
from Syria (John et al. 2004).
Aspicilia farinosa (Flörke) Arnold (Urceolaria calcarea var.
farinosa Flörke, Lecanora farinosa Nyl.)
Description: Galun (1970), Oxner (1971).
New localities in Israel: HE: Ski resort, upper cable
station, 33°17’N, 35°45’E, alt. 2000 m, 18 Aug 2002 – on
calcareous rock, MT (HAI 021 2413), Ski resort – lower
cable station, 33°17’N, 35°44’E, alt. 1600 m, 26 Sep 2000 –
on calcareous rock, MT (HAI 001 2324), NE vicinity of the
village of Majdal Shams, old fruit garden, 33°16’N, 35°45’E,
alt. 1300 m, 27 Sep 2000 – on calcareous rock, MT (HAI
001 2218).
General distribution: Southern Europe, Asia [Egypt
(Sinai), Iraq, Israel, Lebanon, Mongolia, Syria, Tajikistan,
Turkey], North Africa (Morocco).
Note: In Israel this species was found in the Judean and Negev Deserts
(Galun & Reichert 1960; Galun 1970; Galun & Mukhtar 1996; Kondratyuk
et al. 1996).  is species was also reported from Lebanon (Werner 1956: as
Lecanora farinosa; Werner 1963: as L. farinosa f. subopegraphoides), the Sinai
Peninsula (Galun & Garty 1972; Galun & Mukhtar 1996), and Syria (John
et al. 2004).
Bactrospora patellarioides (Nyl.) Almq. var. patellarioides
(Opegrapha patellarioides Nyl.)
Description: Egea & Torrente (1993).
New locality in Israel: UG: Lower Nahal Keziv, “Evolution
Canyon” II, 33°02’N, 35°11’E, 5 Nov 2001, north-facing
slope – on bark of Quercus calliprinos, MT (HAI 012 418).
General distribution: Southern Europe, Asia (Israel),
Africa, Canary Islands, Madeira Islands, North America.
Note: In Israel this species was found in Mount Carmel (Navrotskaya et
al. 1996; Kondratyuk et al. 1996).
Bagliettoa parmigera (J. Steiner) Vězda & Poelt (Verrucaria
parmigera J. Steiner)
Description: Fröberg (1989).
New locality in Israel: UG: Lower Nahal Keziv, “Evolution
Canyon” II, 33°02’N, 35°11’E, 5 Nov 2001, north-facing
slope – on calcareous rock, MT (HAI 012 4111).
General distribution: Central and southern Europe, Asia
(Israel, Syria, Turkey), North Africa (Morocco).
Note: In Israel this species was recorded on Mount Carmel (Wasser et
al. 1995; Kondratyuk et al. 1996).  is species was also reported from Syria
(John et al. 2004).
Bagliettoa parmigerella (Zahlbr.) Vězda & Poelt (Verrucaria
parmigerella Zahlbr.)
Description: Hawksworth et al. (1992).
Localities in Israel: UG: Lower Nahal Keziv, “Evolution
Canyon” II, 33°02’N, 35°11’E, 5 Nov 2001, north-facing
slope – on calcareous rocks, MT (HAI 012 411), the vicinity
of Mi’ilya, 33°01’N, 35°14’E, 5 Dec 2000 – on calcareous
rocks, MT (HAI 002 425); CM: Mount Carmel National
Park, Lower Nahal Oren, “Evolution Canyon” I, 32°43’N,
34°58’E, 12 Jun 2001, north-facing slope – on calcareous
rocks, MT (HAI 010 511).
General distribution: Central and southern Europe, Asia
(Israel, Turkey), North Africa (Morocco).
Note: It is recorded for the fi rst time in Israel and the Near East.
Caloplaca alociza (A. Massal.) Migula (Biatorina alociza A.
Massal.)
Description: Fröberg (1989), Laundon (1992).
New localities in Israel: HE: Ski resort, upper cable station,
33°17’N, 35°45’E, alt. 2000 m, 18 Aug 2002 – on calcareous
rock, MT (HAI 021 2414), Ski resort – lower cable station,
33°17’N, 35°44’E, alt. 1600 m, 26 Sep 2000 – on calcareous
rock, MT (HAI 001 2325), NE vicinity of the village of

142 , ., , ..  , . —      
Majdal Shams, old fruit garden, 33°16’N, 35°45’E, alt. 1300
m, 27 Sep 2000 – on calcareous rock, MT (HAI 001 2219);
UG: the vicinity of Mi’ilya, 33°01’N, 35°14’E, 5 Dec 2000 –
on calcareous rock, MT (HAI 002 426).
General distribution: Central and southern Europe,
Asia [Egypt (Sinai), Iran, Israel, Lebanon, Syria, Tadjikistan,
Turkey], North Africa (Morocco, Tunisia).
Note: In Israel this species was found on Mount Carmel (Kushnir &
Galun 1977; Garty & Binyamini 1990) and in the Negev Desert (Galun &
Mukhtar 1996).  is species was also reported from Lebanon (Werner 1966),
the Sinai Peninsula (Galun & Mukhtar 1996; Kondratyuk et al. 1996), and
Syria (John et al. 2004).
Caloplaca citrina (Hoff m.)  . Fr. (Verrucaria citrina
Hoff m.)
Description: Galun (1970), Alon & Galun (1971).
New locality in Israel: HE: NE vicinity of the village of
Majdal Shams, old fruit garden, 33°16’N, 35°45’E, alt. 1300
m, 27 Sep 2000 – on calcareous rock, MT (HAI 001 2220).
General distribution: Cosmopolitan.
Note:  is species is distributed in many regions of Israel (Galun 1970;
Alon & Galun 1971; Galun & Mukhtar 1996; Kondratyuk et al. 1996).
 is species was also reported from Jordan (Schultz 2003) and the Sinai
Peninsula (Galun & Garty 1972; Galun & Mukhtar 1996; Kondratyuk
et al. 1996).
Caloplaca erythrocarpa (Pers.) Zwackh (Patellaria erythrocarpa
Pers.)
Description: Galun (1970), Alon & Galun (1971).
New localities in Israel: HE: NE vicinity of the village of
Majdal Shams, old fruit garden, 33°16’N, 35°45’E, alt. 1300
m, 27 Sep 2000 – on calcareous rock, MT (HAI 001 2221);
CM: Mount Carmel National Park, Lower Nahal Oren,
“Evolution Canyon” I, 32°43’N, 34°58’E, 12 Jun 2001, valley
bottom – on calcareous rock, MT (HAI 010 518).
General distribution: Central and southern Europe, Asia
[Caucasus, Egypt (Sinai), Israel, Jordan, Syria, Turkey], North
Africa (Morocco, Tunisia).
Note: In Israel this species was found in the Golan Heights, Upper and
Coastal Galilee, Shefela and Judean Mountains (Galun 1970; Alon & Galun
1971; Galun & Mukhtar 1996; Kondratyuk et al. 1996).  is species was
also reported from Jordan (Schultz 2003), the Sinai Peninsula (Galun &
Garty 1972; Galun & Mukhtar 1996; Kondratyuk et al. 1996), and Syria
(John et al. 2004).
Caloplaca ferrarii (Bagl.) Jatta (Callopisma ferrarii Bagl.)
Description: Navarro-Rosinés & Hladun (1996).
Localities in Israel: HE: Ski resort, upper cable station,
33°17’N, 35°45’E, alt. 2000 m, 18 Aug 2002 – on calcareous
rocks, MT (HAI 021 241), Ski resort – lower cable station,
33°17’N, 35°44’E, alt. 1600 m, 26 Sep 2000 – on calcareous
rocks, MT (HAI 001 2314), NE vicinity of the village of
Majdal Shams, old fruit garden, 33°16’N, 35°45’E, alt. 1300
m, 27 Sep 2000 – on calcareous rocks, MT (HAI 001 2210).
General distribution: Central and southern Europe, Asia
(Iraq, Israel, Syria), North Africa (Morocco).
Note: It is recorded for the fi rst time in Israel.  is species was also
reported from Syria (John et al. 2004).
Caloplaca fl avescens (Huds.) J.R. Laundon (Lichen fl avescens
Huds.)
Description: Laundon (1992).
New locality in Israel: HE: NE vicinity of the village of
Majdal Shams, old fruit garden, 33°16’N, 35°45’E, alt. 1300
m, 27 Sep 2000 – on calcareous rock, MT (HAI 001 2222).
General distribution: Europe, Asia (Israel, Turkey), North
Africa (Morocco, Tunisia).
Note: In Israel this species was recorded from Mount Carmel (Wasser et
al. 1995; Kondratyuk et al. 1996).
Caloplaca latzelii (Servít) Clauzade & Cl. Roux (Blastenia
latzelii Servít)
Description: Galun (1970).
New locality in Israel: CM: Mount Carmel National Park,
Lower Nahal Oren, “Evolution Canyon” I, 32°43’N, 34°58’E,
12 Jun 2001, north-facing slope – on calcareous rock, MT
(HAI 010 519).
General distribution: Europe (Yugoslavia), Asia (Israel).
Note: In Israel this species was found in Lower Galilee, Upper Jordan
Valley, Samaria, and Judean Mountains (Galun 1970; Galun & Mukhtar
1996).
Caloplaca polycarpa (A. Massal.) Zahlbr. (Callopisma
aurantiacum var. polycarpum A. Massal.)
Description: Wirth (1995).
Locality in Israel: CM: Mount Carmel National Park,
Lower Nahal Oren, “Evolution Canyon” I, 32°43’N, 34°58’E,
12 Jun 2001, south-facing slope – on thallus of Verrucaria sp.
on limestone, MT (HAI 010 512).
General distribution: Southern Europe, Asia (Israel,
Lebanon, Syria, Turkey).
Note: It is recorded for the fi rst time in Israel.  is species was also
reported from Lebanon (Werner 1955: as C. tenuatula) and Syria (John et
al. 2004).
Caloplaca saxicola (Hoff m.) Nordin (Psora saxicola Hoff m.,
Caloplaca murorum (Hoff m.)  . Fr.)
Description: Galun (1970), Alon & Galun (1971).
New locality in Israel: HE: Ski resort – lower cable station,
33°17’N, 35°44’E, alt. 1600 m, 26 Sep 2000 – on calcareous
rock, MT (HAI 001 2326).
General distribution: Cosmopolitan.
Note: In Israel this species was found in Upper and Lower Galilee,
Philistine Plain, Shefela, Judean Mountains (Galun 1970; Alon & Galun
1971; Galun & Mukhtar 1996; Kondratyuk et al. 1996) and also on Mount
Carmel (Wasser et al. 1995; Kondratyuk et al. 1996; Navrotskaya et al.
1996).  is species was also reported from Jordan (Schultz 2003) and Syria
(John et al. 2004).
Caloplaca variabilis (Pers.) Müll. Arg. (Lichen variabilis
Pers.)
Description: Galun (1970), Alon & Galun (1971).

   () 143
New localities in Israel: HE: Ski resort, upper cable station,
33°17’N, 35°45’E, alt. 2000 m, 18 Aug 2002 – on calcareous
rock, MT (HAI 021 2415), Ski resort – lower cable station,
33°17’N, 35°44’E, alt. 1600 m, 26 Sep 2000 – on calcareous
rock, MT (HAI 001 2327), NE vicinity of the village of
Majdal Shams, old fruit garden, 33°16’N, 35°45’E, alt. 1300
m, 27 Sep 2000 – on calcareous rock, MT (HAI 001 2223).
General distribution: Europe (widespread), Asia
(Afghanistan, Israel, Iran, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Mongolia,
Russia, Syria, Tadjikistan, Turkey), North Africa (Morocco,
Tunisia), North America, South America (Argentina).
Note:  is species is distributed in many regions of Israel (Galun 1970;
Alon & Galun 1971; Galun & Mukhtar 1996; Kondratyuk et al. 1996).  is
species was also reported from Jordan (Schultz 2003), Lebanon (Werner 1955:
as C. variabilis; Werner 1957, 1959, 1963: as C. variabilis var. subimmersa),
and Syria (John et al. 2004).
Candelaria concolor (Dicks.) Stein (Lichen concolor Dicks.)
Description: James & Gilbert (1992a).
Locality in Israel: GH: Nahal Meitsar, canyon, 32°44’N,
35°43’E, 5 Jun 2002 – on bark of Quercus ithaburensis, MT
(HAI 021 034).
General distribution: Cosmopolitan.
Note: It is recorded for the fi rst time in Israel.  is species was also
reported from Jordan (Schultz 2003) and Syria (John et al. 2004).
Candelariella aurella (Hoff m.) Zahlbr. (Verrucaria aurella
Hoff m.)
Description: Fröberg (1989), James & Gilbert (1992b).
New localities in Israel: HE: Ski resort, upper cable station,
33°17’N, 35°45’E, alt. 2000 m, 18 Aug 2002 – on calcareous
rock, MT (HAI 0212 416), Ski resort – lower cable station,
33°17’N, 35°44’E, alt. 1600 m, 26 Sep 2000 – on calcareous
rock, MT (HAI 001 2328), NE vicinity of the village of
Majdal Shams, old fruit garden, 33°16’N, 35°45’E, alt. 1300
m, 27 Sep 2000 – on calcareous rock, MT (HAI 001 2224);
UG: the vicinity of Dalton, alt. 800 m, 33°01’N, 35°28’E, 13
Jan 2001 – on calcareous rock, MT (HAI 012 435).
General distribution: Cosmopolitan.
Note: In Israel this species was found in the Philistine Plain and Central
Negev (Galun & Mukhtar 1996).  is species was also reported from Jordan
(Schultz 2003), Lebanon (Werner 1955), the Sinai Peninsula (Galun &
Garty 1972; Galun & Mukhtar 1996; Kondratyuk et al. 1996), and Syria
(John et al. 2004).
Candelariella vitellina (Hoff m.) Müll. Arg. (Verrucaria
vitellina Hoff m.)
Description: Galun (1970).
New localities in Israel: GH: S vicinity of the village of
Mas’ada, oak forest, 33°13’N, 35°45’E, alt. 800-900 m, 20
Sep 2000 – on basalt, MT (HAI 001 018), Nahal Meitsar,
canyon, 32°44’N, 35°43’E, 5 Jun 2002 – on basalt, MT (HAI
021 035).
General distribution: Cosmopolitan.
Note: In Israel this species was found in Upper and Lower Galilee, Upper
Jordan Valley, and Judean Mountains (Galun 1970; Galun & Mukhtar 1996;
Kondratyuk et al. 1996).  is species was also reported from Jordan (Schultz
2003) and Syria (John et al. 2004).
Cladonia pocillum (Ach.) O.J. Rich. (Baeomyces pocillum
Ach.)
Description: Galun (1970).
New locality in Israel: GH: S vicinity of the village of
Mas’ada, oak forest, 33°13’N, 35°45’E, alt. 800-900 m, 20
Sep 2000 – on mossy soil, MT (HAI 001 019).
General distribution: Cosmopolitan.
Note: In Israel this species was found in Upper and Coastal Galilee,
Mount Carmel, Shefela, and Judean Mountains (Galun & Reichert 1965;
Galun 1970; Galun & Mukhtar 1996; Kondratyuk et al. 1996).
Cladonia rangiformis Hoff m.
Description: Galun (1970).
New locality in Israel: GH: S vicinity of the village of
Mas’ada, oak forest, 33°13’N, 35°45’E, alt. 800-900 m, 20
Sep 2000 – on mossy soil, MT (HAI 001 020).
General distribution: Cosmopolitan.
Note: In Israel this species was found in Upper Galilee (Galun 1970;
Galun & Mukhtar 1996; Kondratyuk et al. 1996).  is species was also
reported from Syria (John et al. 2004).
Clauzadea immersa (Weber) Hafellner & Bellem. (Lichen
immersus Weber, Protoblastenia immersa (Weber) J. Steiner)
Description: Galun (1970).
New locality in Israel: UG: the vicinity of Dalton, alt. 800
m, 33°01’N, 35°28’E, 13 Jan 2001 – on calcareous rock, MT
(HAI 012 436).
General distribution: Europe, Asia (Israel, Lebanon, Syria,
Turkey), North Africa (Morocco, Tunisia), North America.
Note: In Israel this species was found on Mount Carmel (Galun 1970;
Garty & Binyamini 1990; Galun & Mukhtar 1996; Kondratyuk et al. 1996)
and in Central Negev (Insarov & Insarova 1995; Galun & Mukhtar 1996).
 is species was also reported from Lebanon (Werner 1963: as Protoblastenia
immersa) and Syria (John et al. 2004).
Clauzadea metzleri (Körb.) D. Hawksw. (Biatora metzleri
Körb.)
Description: Hawksworth (1992).
New localities and in Israel: UG: Lower Nahal Keziv,
“Evolution Canyon” II, 33°02’N, 35°11’E, 5 Nov 2001,
north-facing slope – on calcareous rock, MT (HAI 012 4114),
the vicinity of Mi’ilya, 33°01’N, 35°14’E, 5 Dec 2000 – on
calcareous rock, MT (HAI 002 429), the vicinity of Dalton,
alt. 800 m, 33°01’N, 35°28’E, 13 Jan 2001 – on calcareous
rock, MT (HAI 012 437).
General distribution: Europe (widespread), Asia (Israel,
Turkey), North Africa (Tunisia).
Note: In Israel this species was found on Mount Carmel (Kushnir &
Galun 1977; Galun & Mukhtar 1996; Kondratyuk et al. 1996).
Collema auriforme (With.) Coppins & J.R. Laundon (Riccia
auriformis With.)
Description: Purvis & James (1992a).

144
Locality in Israel: UG: Lower Nahal Keziv, “Evolution
Canyon” II, 33°02’N, 35°11’E, 5 Nov 2001, north-facing
slope – on calcareous rocks, MT (HAI 012 412).
General distribution: Europe, Asia (Israel, Mongolia,
Syria, Tadjikistan, Turkey), North Africa (Morocco, Tunisia),
North America.
Note: It is recorded for the fi rst time in Israel.  is species was also
reported from Syria (John et al. 2004).
Collema callopismum A. Massal.
Description:  omson (1984), Purvis & James (1992a).
Localities in Israel: HE: NE vicinity of the village of
Majdal Shams, old fruit garden, 33°16’N, 35°45’E, alt. 1300
m, 27 Sep 2000 – on calcareous rocks, MT (HAI 001 2211);
UG: Lower Nahal Keziv, “Evolution Canyon” II, 33°02’N,
35°11’E, 5 Nov 2001, north-facing slope – on calcareous
rocks, MT (HAI 012 413); CM: Mount Carmel National
Park, Lower Nahal Oren, “Evolution Canyon” I, 32°43’N,
34°58’E, 12 Jun 2001, north-facing slope – on calcareous
rocks, MT (HAI 010 513).
General distribution: Europe, Asia (Israel), Greenland,
North America.
Note: It is recorded for the fi rst time in Israel and the Near East.
Collema cristatum (L.) F.H. Wigg. (Lichen cristatus L.)
Description: Galun (1970).
New localities in Israel: HE: Ski resort, upper cable station,
33°17’N, 35°45’E, alt. 2000 m, 18 Aug 2002 – on calcareous
rock, MT (HAI 021 2417), Ski resort – lower cable station,
33°17’N, 35°44’E, alt. 1600 m, 26 Sep 2000 – on calcareous
rock, MT (HAI 001 2329), NE vicinity of the village of
Majdal Shams, old fruit garden, 33°16’N, 35°45’E, alt. 1300
m, 27 Sep 2000 – on calcareous rock, MT (HAI 001 2225);
GH: Nahal Meitsar, canyon, 32°44’N, 35°43’E, 5 Jun 2002 –
on soil, MT (HAI 021 036).
General distribution: Europe (widespread), Asia (Iran,
Israel, Mongolia, Syria, Tadjikistan, Turkey), North Africa
(Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia), North America.
Note: In Israel this species was found in Upper Galilee, Upper Jordan
Valley, Mount Carmel, Judean Mountains, and Judean Desert (Galun &
Reichert 1965; Galun 1970; Galun & Mukhtar 1996; Kondratyuk et al.
1996).  is species was also reported from Syria (John et al. 2004).
Collema fl accidum (Ach.) Ach. (Lichen fl accidus Ach.)
Description: Purvis & James (1992a).
New localities in Israel: GH: Nahal Meitsar, canyon,
32°44’N, 35°43’E, 5 Jun 2002 – on basalt, MT (HAI 021
042); CM: Mount Carmel National Park, Lower Nahal
Oren, “Evolution Canyon” I, 32°43’N, 34°58’E, 12 Jun
2001, north-facing slope – on calcareous rock, MT (HAI
010 527).
General distribution: Europe (widespread), Asia, North
Africa (Tunisia), North America, Australia.
Note: In Israel this species was found in Upper Galilee (Galun & Mukhtar
1996).  is species was also reported from Syria (John et al. 2004).
Collema polycarpon Hoff m. subsp. polycarpon
Description: Galun (1970).
New localities in Israel: HE: Ski resort – lower cable
station, 33°17’N, 35°44’E, alt. 1600 m, 26 Sep 2000 – on
calcareous rock, MT (HAI 001 2330), NE vicinity of the
village of Majdal Shams, old fruit garden, 33°16’N, 35°45’E,
alt. 1300 m, 27 Sep 2000 – on calcareous rock, MT (HAI
001 2226); UG: Lower Nahal Keziv, “Evolution Canyon”
II, 33°02’N, 35°11’E, 5 Nov 2001, south-facing slope – on
calcareous rock, MT (HAI 012 4117), the vicinity of Mi’ilya,
33°01’N, 35°14’E, 5 Dec 2000 – on calcareous rock, MT
(HAI 002 4211).
General distribution: Europe (widespread), Asia (India,
Israel, Lebanon, Mongolia, Syria, Tadjikistan, Turkey), Africa,
North America.
Note: In Israel this species was found in Lower Galilee (Galun 1970;
Galun & Mukhtar 1996).  is species was also reported from Lebanon
(Werner 1958) and Syria (John et al. 2004).
Dermatocarpon intestiniforme (Körb.) Hasse (Endocarpon
intestiniforme Körb.)
Description:  omson (1984), Coppins & Fox (1992).
Locality in Israel: HE: Ski resort, upper cable station,
33°17’N, 35°45’E, alt. 2000 m, 18 Aug 2002 – on calcareous
rocks, MT (HAI 021 242).
General distribution: Europe, Asia (Israel), North
America.
Note: It is recorded for the fi rst time in Israel and the Near East.
Immersaria athroocarpa (Ach.) Rambold & Pietschm.
(Lichen athroocarpus Ach., Porpidia athroocarpa (Ach.) Hertel
& Rambold)
Description: Galloway & Coppins (1992).
Locality in Israel: GH: S vicinity of the village of Mas’ada,
oak forest, 33°13’N, 35°45’E, alt. 800-900 m, 20 Sep 2000 –
on basaltic rocks, MT (HAI 001 015).
General distribution: Cosmopolitan.
Note: It is recorded for the fi rst time in Israel.  is species was also
reported from Syria (John et al. 2004).
Lecania turicensis (Hepp) Müll. Arg. (Biatora turicensis
Hepp)
Description: Mayrhofer (1988), James & Purvis (1992).
New locality in Israel: HE: NE vicinity of the village
of Majdal Shams, old fruit garden, 33°16’N, 35°45’E, alt.
1300 m, 27 Sep 2000 – on calcareous rock, MT (HAI 001
2229).
General distribution: Europe, Asia (Afghanistan, Israel,
Mongolia, Syria), North Africa (Morocco, Tunisia), North
America.
Note: In Israel this species was found on Mount Carmel (Kondratyuk et
al. 1996) and in central Negev (Galun & Mukhtar 1996).  is species was
also reported from Syria (John et al. 2004).
, ., , ..  , . —      

   () 145
Lecanora agardhiana Ach.
Description: Hawksworth & Dalby (1992).
Localities in Israel: HE: Ski resort, upper cable station,
33°17’N, 35°45’E, alt. 2000 m, 18 Aug 2002 – on calcareous
rocks, MT (HAI 021 243), Ski resort – lower cable station,
33°17’N, 35°44’E, alt. 1600 m, 26 Sep 2000 – on calcareous
rocks, leg. MT, det. M. Andreev (HAI 001 2315), NE vicinity
of the village of Majdal Shams, old fruit garden, 33°16’N,
35°45’E, alt. 1300 m, 27 Sep 2000 – on calcareous rocks, MT
(HAI 001 2212).
General distribution: Europe, Asia (Israel, Lebanon, Syria,
Turkey), North Africa (Morocco).
Note: It is recorded for the fi rst time in Israel.  is species was also
reported from Lebanon (Werner 1956, 1963) and Syria (John et al. 2004).
Lecanora dispersa (Pers.) Sommerf. (Lichen dispersus Pers.)
Description: Fröberg (1989), Hawksworth & Dalby
(1992).
New localities in Israel: HE: Ski resort, upper cable station,
33°17’N, 35°45’E, alt. 2000 m, 18 Aug 2002 – on calcareous
rock, MT (HAI 021 2418), Ski resort – lower cable station,
33°17’N, 35°44’E, alt. 1600 m, 26 Sep 2000 – on calcareous
rock, MT (HAI 001 2332), NE vicinity of the village of Majdal
Shams, old fruit garden, 33°16’N, 35°45’E, alt. 1300 m, 27
Sep 2000 – on calcareous rock, MT (HAI 001 2230); AP:
SE area of Kiryat Bialik, Ha Hagana St., 32°49’N, 35°05’E,
12 Jul 2000 – on calcareous rock, MT (HAI 000 113); CN:
Negev highland, Makhtesh Ramon Nature Reserve, alt. 900-
1000 m, 30°37’N, 34°54’E, 29 Sep 2000 – on calcareous
rock, MT (HAI 000 624).
General distribution: Cosmopolitan.
Note:  is species (as L. dispersa f. dissipata) was recorded from Israel,
but without detailed locality (Garty 1988; Galun & Mukhtar 1996).  is
species was also reported from Jordan (Schultz 2003), Lebanon (Werner
1956: as L. dispersa and L. dispersa f. pruinosa), and Syria (John et al.
2004).
Lecanora muralis (Schreb.) Rabenh. (Lichen muralis Schreb.)
Description: Galun (1970).
New localities in Israel: HE: Ski resort – lower cable
station, 33°17’N, 35°44’E, alt. 1600 m, 26 Sep 2000 – on
calcareous rock, MT (HAI 001 2333), NE vicinity of the
village of Majdal Shams, old fruit garden, 33°16’N, 35°45’E,
alt. 1300 m, 27 Sep 2000 – on calcareous rock, MT (HAI
001 2231); GH: S vicinity of the village of Mas’ada, oak
forest, 33°13’N, 35°45’E, alt. 800-900 m, 20 Sep 2000 – on
basalt, MT (HAI 001 021).
General distribution: Cosmopolitan.
Note: In Israel this species was found in the Upper and Lower Galilee,
Upper Jordan Valley, Gilboa Mountains, and Samaria (Galun 1970; Galun
& Mukhtar 1996; Kondratyuk et al. 1996).  is species was also reported
from Jordan (Schultz 2003), Lebanon (Werner 1956: as L. muralis var.
diff racta, Werner 1966: as L. muralis var. versicolor), and Syria (John et al.
2004).
Lecanora pruinosa Chaub.
Description: Galun (1970).
New locality in Israel: HE: NE vicinity of the village of
Majdal Shams, old fruit garden, 33°16’N, 35°45’E, alt. 1300
m, 27 Sep 2000 – on calcareous rock, MT (HAI 001 2232).
General distribution: Europe, Asia (Israel, Jordan,
Lebanon, Syria, Tadjikistan, Turkey), North Africa (Tunisia).
Note:  is species is distributed in many regions of Israel (Galun &
Reichert 1965; Galun 1970; Garty & Binyamini 1990; Galun & Mukhtar
1996).  is species was also reported from Jordan (Schultz 2003), Lebanon
(Werner 1966), and Syria (John et al. 2004).
Lecidea fuscoatra (L.) Ach. (Lichen fuscoater L.)
Description: Hawksworth & Coppins (1992).
Locality in Israel: GH: S vicinity of the village of Mas’ada,
oak forest, 33°13’N, 35°45’E, alt. 800-900 m, 20 Sep 2000 –
on basalt, MT (HAI 001 022).
General distribution: Europe, Asia (China, Israel, Nepal,
Syria, Tadjikistan, Turkey), Africa (Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia,
South Africa), North America, South America.
Note: It is recorded for the fi rst time in Israel.  is species was also
reported from Syria (John et al. 2004 – as L. fuscoatra var. grisella).
Lecidella carpathica Körb.
Description: Purvis & James (1992b).
New locality in Israel: HE: NE vicinity of the village of
Majdal Shams, old fruit garden, 33°16’N, 35°45’E, alt. 1300
m, 27 Sep 2000 – on calcareous rock, MT (HAI 001 2233).
General distribution: Cosmopolitan.
Note:  is species was recorded from Israel, but without detailed locality
(Egea & Llimona 1991; Galun & Mukhtar 1996).  is species was also
reported from Syria (John et al. 2004).
Leptochidium albociliatum (Desm.) M. Choisy (Leptogium
albociliatum Desm.)
Description:  omson (1984).
Locality in Israel: GH: S vicinity of the village of Mas’ada,
oak forest, 33°13’N, 35°45’E, alt. 800-900 m, 20 Sep 2000 –
among mosses on basaltic rocks, MT (HAI 001 016).
General distribution: Europe, Asia (Israel, Syria, Turkey),
North Africa (Morocco), Greenland, North America.
Note: It is recorded for the fi rst time in Israel.  is species was also
reported from Syria (John et al. 2004).
Leptogium corniculatum (Hoff m.) Minks (Collema
corniculatum Hoff m.)
Description: Coppins & Purvis (1992).
New locality in Israel: GH: S vicinity of the village of
Mas’ada, oak forest, 33°13’N, 35°45’E, alt. 800-900 m, 20
Sep 2000 – on mossy soil, MT (HAI 001 023).
General distribution: Europe, Asia (Israel, Japan, Syria,
Turkey), North Africa (Morocco), North America, Australia.
Note: In Israel this species was found on Mount Carmel (Galun
& Mukhtar 1996).  is species was also reported from Syria (John et al.
2004).

146
Neofuscelia verruculifera (Nyl.) Essl. (Parmelia verruculifera
Nyl., P. glomelifera Nyl.)
Description: Galun (1970).
New locality in Israel: GH: S vicinity of the village of
Mas’ada, oak forest, 33°13’N, 35°45’E, alt. 800-900 m, 20
Sep 2000 – on basalt, MT (HAI 001 024).
General distribution: Europe, Asia (Afghanistan, India,
Israel, Jordan, Mongolia, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tadjikistan,
Turkey), Africa (Ethiopia, Morocco, South Africa), North
America.
Note: In Israel this species was found in Upper Galilee (Galun 1970;
Galun & Mukhtar 1996; Kondratyuk et al. 1996).  is species was also
reported from Jordan (Schultz 2003) and Syria (John et al. 2004).
Opegrapha demutata Nyl.
Description: Pentecost & James (1992).
Locality in Israel: UG: Lower Nahal Keziv, “Evolution
Canyon” II, 33°02’N, 35°11’E, 5 Nov 2001, north-facing
slope – on calcareous rocks, MT (HAI 012 414).
General distribution: Europe, Asia (Israel).
Note: It is recorded for the fi rst time in Israel and the Near East.
Opegrapha rupestris Pers. (Opegrapha saxatilis DC., O.
saxicola Ach.)
Description: Torrente & Egea (1989), Pentecost & James
(1992).
New localities in Israel: UG: Lower Nahal Keziv,
“Evolution Canyon” II, 33°02’N, 35°11’E, 5 Nov 2001, valley
bottom – on calcareous rock, MT (HAI 012 4118); CM:
Mount Carmel National Park, Lower Nahal Oren, “Evolution
Canyon” I, 32°43’N, 34°58’E, 12 Jun 2001, north-facing
slope – on calcareous rock, MT (HAI 010 531).
General distribution: Europe (widespread), Asia (Israel,
Syria, Turkey), North Africa (Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia),
North America.
Note: In Israel this species was found on Mount Hermon (Kushnir et
al. 1978; Kondratyuk et al. 1996).  is species was also reported from Syria
(John et al. 2004).
Opegrapha subelevata (Nyl.) Nyl. (Opegrapha varia var.
subelevata Nyl.)
Description: Pentecost & James (1992).
Locality in Israel: UG: Lower Nahal Keziv, “Evolution
Canyon” II, 33°02’N, 35°11’E, 5 Nov 2001, north-facing
slope – on calcareous rocks, MT (HAI 012 415).
General distribution: Europe, Asia (Israel), North Africa
(Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia), New Zealand.
Note: It is recorded for the fi rst time in Israel and the Near East.
Parmelina tiliacea (Hoff m.) Hale (Lichen tiliaceus Hoff m.,
Parmelia tiliacea (Hoff m.) Ach.)
Description: Galun (1970).
New locality in Israel: GH: Nahal Meitsar, canyon,
32°44’N, 35°43’E, 5 Jun 2002 – on bark of Quercus
ithaburensis, MT (HAI 021 038).
General distribution: Europe, Asia (Afghanistan, India,
Israel, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tadjikistan, Turkey), Africa
(Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, South Africa).
Note: In Israel this species was found in Upper Galilee (Reichert &
Galun 1958; Galun 1970; Galun & Mukhtar 1996; Kondratyuk et al. 1996).
 is species was also reported from Jordan (Schultz 2003) and Syria (John
et al. 2004).
Peltula euploca (Ach.) Poelt (Lichen euplocus Ach.)
Description: Egea (1989).
New locality in Israel: UJ: NE vicinity of Kokhav Ha-
Yarden Reserve, 32°36’N, 35°31’E, 25 Sep 2000 – on basalt,
MT (HAI 002 513).
General distribution: Cosmopolitan.
Note: In Israel this species was found in Upper Galilee (Galun &
Mukhtar 1996).  is species was also reported from Jordan (Schultz 2003).
Phaeophyscia hirsuta (Mereschk.) Essl. (Physcia hirsuta
Mereschk.)
Description: Esslinger (1978).
Locality in Israel: GH: Tel Dan Nature Reserve, 33°14’N,
35°38’E, 18 Aug 2002 – on bark of trees, MT (HAI 021
041).
General distribution: Southern Europe, Asia (Israel,
Mongolia), North Africa (Algeria, Tunisia), North America,
South America.
Note: It is recorded for the fi rst time in Israel and the Near East.
Phaeophyscia orbicularis (Neck.) Moberg (Lichen orbicularis
Neck.)
Description: Coppins (1992a).
Locality in Israel: HE: Ski resort – lower cable station,
33°17’N, 35°44’E, alt. 1600 m, 26 Sep 2000 – on bark of
Quercus sp., MT (HAI 001 2316).
General distribution: Europe (widespread), Asia, North
Africa, North America, Australia.
Note: It is recorded for the fi rst time in Israel.  is species was also
reported from Syria (John et al. 2004).
Physcia adscendens (Fr.) H. Olivier (Parmelia stellaris var.
adscendens Fr.)
Description: Galun (1970).
New locality in Israel: GH: Nahal Meitsar, canyon,
32°44’N, 35°43’E, 5 Jun 2002 – on basalt, MT (HAI 021
039).
General distribution: Cosmopolitan.
Note:  is species is distributed in many regions of Israel (Galun 1970;
Galun & Mukhtar 1996; Kondratyuk et al. 1996).  is species was also
reported from Lebanon (Khalife 1982) and Syria (John et al. 2004).
Physcia caesia (Hoff m.) Fürnr. (Lichen caesius Hoff m.)
Description: Coppins (1992b).
Localities in Israel: HE: Ski resort – lower cable station,
33°17’N, 35°44’E, alt. 1600 m, 26 Sep 2000 – on calcareous
rock, MT (HAI 001 2335), NE vicinity of the village of
, ., , ..  , . —      

   () 147
Majdal Shams, old fruit garden, 33°16’N, 35°45’E, alt. 1300
m, 27 Sep 2000 – on calcareous rock, MT (HAI 001 2235).
General distribution: Cosmopolitan.
Note: In Israel this species was reported from Mount Carmel (Navrotskaya
et al. 1996), but all specimens of Ph. caesia from the lichenological collection
of Haifa University were redetermined by M. Temina as Solenopsora cesatii
var. grisea (Bagl.) Nimis.  is species was also reported from Syria (John et
al. 2004).
Physconia venusta (Ach.) Poelt (Parmelia venusta Ach.)
Description: Galun (1970).
New locality in Israel: GH: Nahal Meitsar, canyon,
32°44’N, 35°43’E, 5 Jun 2002 – on bark of Quercus
ithaburensis, MT (HAI 021 040).
General distribution: Southern Europe, Asia (Israel,
Jordan, Tadjikistan, Turkey), North Africa (Algeria, Morocco,
Tunisia).
Note: In Israel this species was found on Mount Hermon (Galun &
Mukhtar 1996) and in Upper Galilee (Galun 1970; Galun & Mukhtar 1996;
Kondratyuk et al. 1996).  is species was also reported from Jordan (Schultz
2003).
Placidium squamulosum (Ach.) Breuss (Endocarpon
squamulosum Ach., Catapyrenium squamulosum (Ach.)
Breuss)
Description: Breuss (1990), Breuss & Fox (1992).
New locality in Israel: HE: NE vicinity of the village of
Majdal Shams, old fruit garden, 33°16’N, 35°45’E, alt. 1300
m, 27 Sep 2000 – on soil, MT (HAI 001 2236).
General distribution: Cosmopolitan.
Note:  is species is common in Israel (Galun & Mukhtar 1996).  is
species was also recorded from the Sinai Peninsula (Galun & Garty 1972: as
Dermatocarpon hepaticum) and Syria (John et al. 2004).
Porina byssophila (Hepp) Zahlbr. (Sagedia byssophila Hepp)
Description: Fröberg (1989), Purvis & James (1992c).
New locality in Israel: UG: Lower Nahal Keziv, “Evolution
Canyon” II, 33°02’N, 35°11’E, 5 Nov 2001, north-facing
slope – on calcareous rock, MT (HAI 012 4122).
General distribution: Central and southern Europe, Asia
(Israel), North Africa (Morocco).
Note:  is species was reported from Israel, but without detailed locality
(Kushnir et al. 1978; Kondratyuk et al. 1996).
Rinodina bischoffi i (Hepp.) A. Massal. var. bischoffi i (Psora
bischoffi i Hepp)
Description: Fox & Purvis (1992), Giralt (2001).
Localities in Israel: HE: Ski resort, upper cable station,
33°17’N, 35°45’E, alt. 2000 m, 18 Aug 2002 – on calcareous
rocks, MT (HAI 021 244), Ski resort – lower cable station,
33°17’N, 35°44’E, alt. 1600 m, 26 Sep 2000 – on calcareous
rocks, MT (HAI 001 2317), NE vicinity of the village of
Majdal Shams, old fruit garden, 33°16’N, 35°45’E, alt. 1300
m, 27 Sep 2000 – on calcareous rocks, MT (HAI 001 2213);
UG: the vicinity of Dalton, alt. 800 m, 33°01’N, 35°28’E, 13
Jan 2001 – on calcareous rocks, MT (HAI 012 434).
General distribution: Cosmopolitan.
Note: It is recorded for the fi rst time in Israel.  is species was also
reported from Jordan (Schultz 2003), Lebanon (Werner 1956: as R. bischoffi i
var. protuberans; Werner 1959), and Syria (John et al. 2004).
Rinodinella dubyanoides (Hepp) H. Mayrhofer & Poelt
(Lecidea dubyanoides Hepp)
Description: Giralt (2001).
Locality in Israel: CM: Mount Carmel National Park,
Lower Nahal Oren, “Evolution Canyon” I, 32°43’N, 34°58’E,
12 Jun 2001, north-facing slope – on calcareous rocks, MT
(HAI 010 514).
General distribution: Southern Europe, Asia (Israel,
Turkey), North Africa (Morocco).
Note: It is recorded for the fi rst time in Israel and the Near East.
Toninia athallina (Hepp) Timdal (Biatora athallina Hepp,
Catillaria athallina (Hepp) Hellb.)
Description:  omson (1997).
Localities in Israel: HE: Ski resort, upper cable station,
33°17’N, 35°45’E, alt. 2000 m, 18 Aug 2002 – on calcareous
rocks, MT (HAI 021 246), Ski resort – lower cable station,
33°17’N, 35°44’E, alt. 1600 m, 26 Sep 2000 – on calcareous
rocks, MT (HAI 001 2318), NE vicinity of the village of
Majdal Shams, old fruit garden, 33°16’N, 35°45’E, alt. 1300
m, 27 Sep 2000 – on calcareous rocks, MT (HAI 001 2214).
General distribution. Europe, Asia, North Africa, North
America.
Note: It is recorded for the fi rst time in Israel.  is species was also
recorded from Syria (John et al. 2004).
Toninia sedifolia (Scop.) Timdal (Lichen sedifolius Scop.,
Toninia coeruleonigricans (Lightf.)  . Fr.)
Description: Galun (1970).
New locality in Israel: HE: NE vicinity of the village of
Majdal Shams, old fruit garden, 33°16’N, 35°45’E, alt. 1300
m, 27 Sep 2000 – on calcareous rock, MT (HAI 001 2237).
General distribution: Cosmopolitan.
Note: In Israel this species was found in Upper Galilee, Mount Carmel,
Shefela, Judean Mountains, Dead Sea area, and Central Negev (Galun &
Mukhtar 1996; Kondratyuk et al. 1996).  is species was also recorded from
Jordan (Schultz 2003), the Sinai Peninsula (Galun & Garty 1972; Galun &
Mukhtar 1996; Kondratyuk et al. 1996), and Syria (John et al. 2004).
Trapelia coarctata (Sm.) M. Choisy (Lichen coarctatus Sm.)
Description: Purvis (1992).
Locality in Israel: GH: S vicinity of the village of Mas’ada,
oak forest, 33°13’N, 35°45’E, alt. 800-900 m, 20 Sep 2000 –
on basaltic rocks, leg. MT, det. M. Andreev (HAI 001 017).
General distribution: Cosmopolitan.
Note: It is recorded for the fi rst time in Israel.  is species was also
recorded from Syria (John et al. 2004).
Verrucaria foveolata (Flörke) A. Massal. (V. schraderi var.
foveolata Flörke)
Description: Fröberg (1989).

148
Localities in Israel: HE: Ski resort, upper cable station,
33°17’N, 35°45’E, alt. 2000 m, 18 Aug 2002 – on calcareous
rocks, MT (HAI 021 247), Ski resort – lower cable station,
33°17’N, 35°44’E, alt. 1600 m, 26 Sep 2000 – on calcareous
rocks, MT (HAI 001 2319), NE vicinity of the village of
Majdal Shams, old fruit garden, 33°16’N, 35°45’E, alt. 1300
m, 27 Sep 2000 – on calcareous rocks, MT (HAI 001 2215).
General distribution: Europe, Asia, North America.
Note: It is recorded for the fi rst time in Israel.  is species was also
recorded from Lebanon (Werner 1955: as V. dolomitica) and Syria (John et
al. 2004).
Verrucaria fuscella (Turner) Winch (Lichen fuscellus Turner)
Description: Galun (1970), Fröberg (1989).
New locality in Israel: HE: Ski resort – lower cable station,
33°17’N, 35°44’E, alt. 1600 m, 26 Sep 2000 – on calcareous
rock, MT (HAI 001 2336).
General distribution: Europe, Asia, North Africa
(Morocco), North America.
Note: In Israel this species was found in Upper Galilee and Mount
Carmel (Galun 1970; Garty & Binyamini 1990; Galun & Mukhtar 1996;
Kondratyuk et al. 1996).
Verrucaria macrostoma Dufour ex DC.
Description: Fröberg (1989), Hawksworth et al. (1992).
Localities in Israel: HE: NE vicinity of the village of Majdal
Shams, old fruit garden, 33°16’N, 35°45’E, alt. 1300 m, 27
Sep 2000 – on calcareous rocks, MT (HAI 001 2216); CM:
Mount Carmel National Park, Lower Nahal Oren, “Evolution
Canyon” I, 32°43’N, 34°58’E, 12 Jun 2001, south-facing
slope – on calcareous rocks, MT (HAI 010 515).
General distribution: Cosmopolitan.
Note: It is recorded for the fi rst time in Israel.  is species was also
recorded from Syria (John et al. 2004).
Verrucaria marmorea (Scop.) Arnold (Lichen marmoreus
Scop.)
Description: Galun (1970).
New locality in Israel: HE: NE vicinity of the village of
Majdal Shams, old fruit garden, 33°16’N, 35°45’E, alt. 1300
m, 27 Sep 2000 – on calcareous rock, MT (HAI 001 2238).
General distribution: Central and southern Europe, Asia
(Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Russia, Syria, Tadjikistan, Turkey),
North Africa (Morocco), North America.
Note: In Israel this species was found in Upper and Lower Galilee,
Mount Carmel, Esdraelon Plain, and Samaria (Galun 1970; Galun &
Mukhtar 1996; Kondratyuk et al. 1996).  is species was also reported from
Jordan (Schultz 2003), Lebanon (Werner 1963: as V. marmorea var. rosea),
and Syria (John et al. 2004).
Discussion
Our new records bring the total number of known lichens
and lichenicolous fungi in Israel to 281. Among the lichen
species mentioned in this study, seven are recorded for the
fi rst time in the Near East.  ey are Bagliettoa parmigerella,
Collema callopismum, Dermatocarpon intestiniforme,
Opegrapha demutata, O. subelevata, Phaeophyscia hirsuta,
and Rinodinella dubyanoides.  irteen species (Caloplaca
ferrarii, C. polycarpa, Candelaria concolor, Collema auriforme,
Immersaria athroocarpa, Lecanora agardhiana, Leptochidium
albociliatum, Phaeophyscia orbicularis, Rinodina bischoffi i var.
bischoffi i, Toninia athallina, Trapelia coarctata, Verrucaria
foveolata, and V. macrostoma) are reported for the fi rst time
in Israel, but these species are already known from other
countries of the Near East (Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria).
Aspicilia farinosa, Caloplaca alociza, C. erythrocarpa, C.
variabilis, Candelariella aurella, Lecanora dispersa, L. muralis,
L. pruinosa, Toninia sedifolia, and Verrucaria marmorea – are
the most widely distributed lichen species in the Near East.
 ese species were recorded in almost all areas of the Near
East.
According to Zohary & Feinbrun-Dothan (1966-1986),
the territory of Israel is subdivided into 26 natural regions
(Fig. 1). Of the seven regions mentioned in the present
study, the lichen biota of Upper Galilee, Mount Carmel, and
Central Negev was investigated most thoroughly. Number
of lichen species recorded from Upper Galilee is 127; from
Carmel Mountains – 85; from Central Negev – 68; from
Mount Hermon area – 25; from Upper Jordan Valley – 19;
from Golan Heights – 18; from Akko Plain – 2 (Galun &
Mukhtar 1996; Kondratyuk et al. 1996; Kondratyuk &
Zelenko 2002; Temina et al. 2002). In the studied regions
the biggest number of new records occurred in the Mount
Hermon area.  irty-two species were found for the fi rst time
in this region. Seventeen new species were also recorded in
the Golan Heights, 16 – in Upper Galilee, and 9 – on Mount
Carmel.
Among the lichens mentioned in this study, there are
some interesting fi nds. Dermatocarpon intestiniforme is new to
the Near East. According to Nimis (1993), D. intestiniforme
is a boreal-montane to arctic-alpine species. It has distribution
in arctic and boreal zones of Europe and occurs in the
mountains. In the studied territory this lichen was found
only at an altitude of 2000 m above sea level in the Mount
Hermon area.
Bactrospora patellarioides var. patellarioides, Caloplaca
fl avescens, and Clauzadea metzleri are rare species in the
Near East.  ey were found earlier – only once – on Mount
Carmel (Kushnir & Galun 1977; Wasser et al. 1995; Galun
& Mukhtar 1996; Navrotskaya et al. 1996; Kondratyuk et
al. 1996). New localities for Bactrospora patellarioides var.
patellarioides and Clauzadea metzleri were recorded in Upper
Galilee. A new locality of Caloplaca fl avescens was found in the
Mount Hermon area.
New localities were found also for Lecidella carpathica (in
the Mount Hermon area) and Porina byssophila (in the Upper
Galilee). Both species were already reported from the territory
of Israel, but without detailed locality (Kushnir et al. 1978;
Egea & Llimona 1991; Galun & Mukhtar 1996; Kondratyuk
et al. 1996).
, ., , ..  , . —      

   () 149
Acknowledgments. We thank Dr. Michail Andreev for his help with the
identifi cation of some lichen species and for the loan of comparative material
from the lichenological collections of the Department of Lichenology &
Bryology of Komarov Botanical Institute (St. Petersburg, Russia). We would
like to express our thanks to the Israeli Ministry of Absorption and the Ancell-
Teicher Research for Genetics and Molecular Evolution for fi nancial support
of this research.
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, ., , ..  , . —      

   () 151
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