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Contributions towards the knowledge of Favolaschia (Mycenaceae, Agaricomycetes) from Brazil
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Favolaschia is a representative genus in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest where four species have been recently identified: Favolaschia cinnabarina, F. dealbata, F. rubra and F. selloana. Favolaschia dealbata is a new record for Brazil and F. selloana is new for Southeastern Brazil. Color images of the basidiomata, complete descriptions and illustrations of the four species are presented.
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... (Patouillard 1887), belongs to the Mycenaceae Overeem (Agaricales) (Moncalvo et al. 2002;Bodensteiner et al. 2004). It is characterised by gelatinous basidiomata with poroid hymenophore, a monomitic hyphal system, a gelatinous hyphal structure, the presence of gloeocystidia and acanthocystida which are terminal, mostly swollen tips of hyphae covered by outgrowths (Clémençon 1977) and amyloid basidiospores (Singer 1945(Singer , 1974Gillen et al. 2012;Capelari et al. 2013;Magnago et al. 2013;Zhang and Dai 2021;Zhang et al. 2023). Favolaschia species have a worldwide distribution and prefer humid climates with the highest species diversity in subtropical to tropical zones (Singer 1974;Gillen et al. 2012;Magnago et al. 2013). ...
... It is characterised by gelatinous basidiomata with poroid hymenophore, a monomitic hyphal system, a gelatinous hyphal structure, the presence of gloeocystidia and acanthocystida which are terminal, mostly swollen tips of hyphae covered by outgrowths (Clémençon 1977) and amyloid basidiospores (Singer 1945(Singer , 1974Gillen et al. 2012;Capelari et al. 2013;Magnago et al. 2013;Zhang and Dai 2021;Zhang et al. 2023). Favolaschia species have a worldwide distribution and prefer humid climates with the highest species diversity in subtropical to tropical zones (Singer 1974;Gillen et al. 2012;Magnago et al. 2013). The basidiomata are found mostly on decaying parts of monocotyledonous plants, as well as ferns and cause white rot (Singer 1974;Gillen et al. 2012). ...
... A total of 119 records of Favolaschia are listed in Index Fungorum (http://www. indexfungorum.org) and around 60 species are accepted (Johnston et al. 2006;Gillen et al. 2012;Magnago et al. 2013). The name "Favolaschia" was first introduced by Patouillard (1887) as a section of Laschia Fr and treated at a generic level later (Patouillard and Lagerheim 1892). ...
The genus Favolaschia within the family Mycenaceae is characterised by the gelatinous basidiomata with poroid hymenophore and most species inhabit monocotyledonous plants. In this study, many samples covering a wide geographic range in China were examined morphologically and phylogenetically using concatenated ITS1-5.8S-ITS2-nLSU sequence data. Three new species clustering in Favolaschia sect. Anechinus, namely Favolaschia imbricata, F. miscanthi and F. sinarundinariae, are described. Favolaschia imbricata is characterised by imbricate basidiomata with pale grey to greyish colour when fresh and broadly ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 7–9 × 5–6.8 µm; F. miscanthi is characterised by satin white basidiomata when fresh, broadly ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 7.5–10 × 5.5–7 µm and inhabit rotten Miscanthus; F. sinarundinariae is characterised by greyish-white basidiomata when fresh, dark grey near the base upon drying, broadly ellipsoid to subglobose basidiospores measuring 7–9 × 5–7 µm and inhabit dead Sinarundinaria. The differences amongst the new species and their morphologically similar and phylogenetically related species are discussed. In addition, an updated key to 19 species of Favolaschia found in China is provided.
... Significantly more data concerning the local diversity of Basidiomycota fungi were produced between 2013 and the present (e.g., Magnago et al. 2013aMagnago et al. ,b, 2018aLinhares et al. 2016). Further updates on this topic should be published elsewhere. ...
The “Funga Capixaba” have been overlooked for a very long time, leading to a gap in the local mycological knowledge. In order to create a preliminary and updated list of Ascomycetes and lichen-forming fungi from Espírito Santo state, Brazil we reviewed all specimens deposited in the VIES Herbarium and key references of former mycological studies. In our list, we report a total of 528 species belonging to 173 genera and 65 families. 422 are new records for Espírito Santo state, six species, Mazaediothecium uniseptatum, Cratiria chloraceus, Lecanora glaucoidea, Pyrenula montocensis, and P. oleosa, are new records both for the neotropics and Brazil, and Lobariella pseudocrenulata is also new to Brazil. We have increased the number of accepted macrofungi species names from 85 to 528, which makes the Espírito Santo state the 10th highest in terms of known fungal diversity among Brazilian states. An updated and preliminary list of macroscopic Ascomycota including lichen-forming fungi from Espírito Santo, comments, and a brief overview about the local mycology are provided.
... Pat is a saprobic, generally small, mushroom-like basidiomycetes genus belonging to the family Mycenaceae, which is distributed worldwide with high species diversity. It was reported from a lowland warm-temperate to subtropical and tropical zone (Singer 1974;Johnston et al. 2006;Magnago 2013). The name "Favolaschia" was first introduced by Patouillard & Lagerheim de (1892) as a section of the genus Laschia, and later on it was separated as a new genus. ...
Seven species of bioluminescent mushrooms belonging to seven genera have been described in the tropical rainforests of China. This study contributes the eighth species, found growing on decaying bamboo in Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden (XTBG). Morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and ribosomal large subunit (LSU) gene regions placed the species within the genus Favolaschia. Comprehensive morphological descriptions, micro and macro photographs, and a phylogenetic tree showing the placement of the new species are provided. This is the second report of bioluminescent Favolaschia in China.
The Basidiomycota constitutes a major phylum of the kingdom Fungi and is second in species numbers to the Ascomycota. The present work provides an overview of all validly published, currently used basidiomycete genera to date in a single document. An outline of all genera of Basidiomycota is provided, which includes 1928 currently used genera names, with 1263 synonyms, which are distributed in 241 families, 68 orders, 18 classes and four subphyla. We provide brief notes for each accepted genus including information on classification, number of accepted species, type species, life mode, habitat, distribution, and sequence information. Furthermore, three phylogenetic analyses with combined LSU, SSU, 5.8s, rpb1, rpb2, and ef1 datasets for the subphyla Agaricomycotina, Pucciniomycotina and Ustilaginomycotina are conducted, respectively. Divergence time estimates are provided to the family level with 632 species from 62 orders, 168 families and 605 genera. Our study indicates that the divergence times of the subphyla in Basidiomycota are 406–430 Mya, classes are 211–383 Mya, and orders are 99–323 Mya, which are largely consistent with previous studies. In this study, all phylogenetically supported families were dated, with the families of Agaricomycotina diverging from 27–178 Mya, Pucciniomycotina from 85–222 Mya, and Ustilaginomycotina from 79–177 Mya. Divergence times as additional criterion in ranking provide additional evidence to resolve taxonomic problems in the Basidiomycota taxonomic system, and also provide a better understanding of their phylogeny and evolution.
Based on recent collections from Ecuador and Panama and on type studies, 16 species of Favolaschia (Mycenaceae, Agaricales), including one new to science, are presented with detailed descriptions and illustrations. Favolaschia macropora is described as new from a bamboo
species from Panama. Favolaschia cinnabarina and F. gaillardii probably are synonyms. Six species are recorded from Ecuador and seven from Panama with F. andina, F. aurantiaca, and F. gaillardii being new to Ecuador and F. andina, F. aurantiaca, F. cinnabarina
and F. heliconiae to Panama. A synoptic key is presented containing data from this study and the literature. New DNA sequences (nuc LSU rDNA) from five species from Panama are used in molecular-phylogenetic analyses. Standards for future species descriptions are outlined. Problems with
literature, concepts on species diversity, and distinguishing characteristics are discussed.
Fourteen species of Phallales known to occur in the tropical
region of the Atlantic Forest in Brazil are discussed. New records are reported for the country (Laternea
dringii), Southeastern Brazil (Abrachium floriforme), Northeastern Brazil (Clathrus columnatus and Mutinus
argentinus), and the states of Paraı´ba (M. caninus and Staheliomyces cinctus), Rio de Janeiro and Espı´rito
Santo (Phallus indusiatus). Descriptions and illustrations of the new records and a key to the phalloid fungi
from this region are presented.
A survey of the macrofungi in the southern Brazilian state of Paraná is presented, based mainly upon the author's work since 1979. Information on mycological studies previous to that year are added. The physiography of the study area is briefly described, for all functional groups of macrofungi examples are given for Paraná, and particularities of the mycota are mentioned for the principal types of vegetation/landscape (native and man-made), substrata, and hosts (plants and animals). Some comments are made on fructification periods and distribution patterns. Uses of macrofungi by man are mentioned. References to results obtained by other mycologists in South America, particularly those of Rolf Singer, are sometimes made. The two final chapters are anecdotal. Of the 1512 species of macrofungi collected in Paraná, 505 are mentioned in this paper. In Table XV, genera considered macrofungi in this study are listed, with mention of the number of species in Paraná.
The new species Favolaschia pegleri Parmasto found in East Asia on dead culms of Arundinella hirta (Poaceae) is described. Favolaschia pegleri has an epicuticular structure without acanthocystidia but with well-developed dendrohyphidia, basidia-like clavate cells and oleocystidia. The relationships of Favolaschia with Tricholomataceae (Agaricales sensu lato), Physalacriaceae (Cantharellales) and Corticiaceae (Aphyllophorales sensu lato) are discussed.
The examination of recent collections of Favolaschia from remnants of the Atlantic Forest, Brazil, resulted in the identification of F. aurantiaca, F. cinnabarina and F. luteoaurantiaca sp. nov. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences obtained from these collections were introduced into the previously published phylogenetic tree of the genus to assess the position of these species within the Favolaschia clade. A maximum likelihood analysis generated a phylogenetic tree with a better resolution, especially for the clade that contains species belonging to section Favolaschia subsection Auriscalpium, where the three specimens collected in Brazil also were clustered in.