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The combined automatic repeat request and rate control mechanism in S-band mobile interactive multimedia asynchronous return link—design background, parameter dimensioning and first experimental results
Abstract
In the S-band mobile interactive multimedia specification, an asynchronous access using Enhanced Spread Spectrum Aloha random access has been defined for occasional messaging applications. This access scheme is complemented by a combined automatic repeat request and terminal rate control mechanism that is described in this paper. Furthermore, a queuing theory-based model is developed to describe the behaviour of the automatic repeat request mechanism, and performance results from the first proof-of-concept implementation are presented. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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An open ITS platform combining interactive satellite services with other communication channels is being developed and evaluated in field trials within the SafeTRIP project [1]. Prototyping and in-field validation of a novel waveform for messaging return channel over satellite for land mobile is an important objective of the project. The overall system architecture has recently been standardized by ETSI under the name of S-MIM (S-band Mobile Interactive Multimedia). The messaging protocol, described in the Part 3 of the standard, is based on the Enhanced Spread Spectrum Aloha (E-SSA). Its main asset resides in the low power required at the transmitter, which will allow the reuse of off-the-shelf power amplifiers and low-cost omnidirectional antennas. This paper will present a comprehensive summary of previous E-SSA performance analysis from simulations and the first field trials results using the E-SSA waveform. The presented results have been derived from static and mobile field trials carried out in Germany with fully functional E-SSA modulator and demodulator prototypes and the EUTELSAT10A satellite. Results for the static and mobile performance of the E-SSA demonstrator with an omni-directional antenna under Line-of-sight (LOS) conditions are presented. The measured Packet Error Rates of transmissions via satellite at different terminal power levels confirm the theoretical link budget calculations for single and multiple simultaneously transmitting terminals. The degradation due to fading effects of the transmission channel under mobile conditions has been measured during the trials to approx. 3 dB. The resulting overall required transmitter power in the multi-user scenario of the trials setup has been only -3 dBW to reach a high QoS under mobile conditions. This value confirms the suitability of the E-SSA waveform for interactive mobile services for the mass market.
Satellite communication can empower ITS to deploy safety critical services and services of the future, while reaching an unprecedented large number of road users in an eco-friendly and economical way. The SafeTRIP project embraces S-Band communication, creating a powerful and flexible open platform for services that road users need. In this paper, we firstly present an overview of the SafeTRIP project, the salient aspects of the platform and its communication infrastructure. Secondly, we emphasise on the focus the project has on user needs to shape services that would be supported by the SafeTRIP open platform. Finally, we describe the subset of services that have been selected on their relevance to road safety which will part of the trials and demonstrators within the project. We conclude by describing the road map and the project evolution in future.
This paper gives an overview of a suitable communications system capable of efficiently use the available S-band allocation for pan-European Mobile Satellite Services (15 MHz in both uplink and downlink for each of the two licensed operators) to provide different classes of services such as interactive mobile broadcast services enhancing DVB-SH offer, messaging services for handheld and vehicular terminals, realtime emergency services such as voice and file transfer, mainly addressing institutional users on-the-move such as fire brigades, civil protections, etc... The design is based on a modular, flexible and scalable system architecture enabling different channelizations and frequency allocations within each beam, allowing independent deployment of different service classes within different beams, whilst ensuring backward compatibility with DVB-SH legacy terminals.
Basically, there are two techniques to control errors in data communications, ARQ and FEC. The combination of these two techniques yields type I, II and III hybrid ARQ (HARQ) schemes. In this paper, we compare the performance of ARQ and different HARQ schemes based on theoretical results on the average number of transmissions and throughput on an AWGN channel. In type II HARQ, only a code combining strategy is considered which consists in alternatingly sending one of the outputs of a convolutional encoder.
Many networks, such as Non-Geostationary Orbit Satellite (NGOS) networks and networks providing multi-priority service using advance reservations, have capacities which vary over time for some or all types of calls carried on these networks. For connection-oriented networks, Call Admission Control (CAC) policies which only use current capacity information may lead to excessive and intolerable dropping of admitted calls whenever the network capacity decreases. Thus, novel CAC policies are required for these networks. Three such CAC policies are discussed, two for calls with exponentially distributed call holding times and one for calls whose holding time distributions have Increasing Failure Rate (IFR) functions. The Admission Limit Curve (ALC) is discussed and shown to be a constraint limiting the conditions under which any causal CAC policy may admit calls and still meet call dropping guarantees on an individual call basis. We demonstrate how these CAC policies and ALC represent progressive steps in developing optimal CAC policies for calls with exponentially distributed call holding times, and extend this process to the more general case of calls with IFR call holding times.
The work presented here describes the key design drivers and performance of a high efficiency satellite mobile messaging system well adapted to the machine-to-machine communication services targeting, in particular, the vehicular market. It is shown that the proposed return link multiple access solution is providing a random access channel (RACH) aggregated spectral efficiency around 2 bit/s/Hz in the presence of power unbalance with reliable packet delivery over typical land mobile satellite (LMS) channels.
The manuscript describes the design drivers and performance of a high efficiency quasi-real time satellite mobile messaging system well adapted to the location-based and data acquisition services targeting in particular the automotive market. It is shown that the proposed solution is providing a random access channel throughput around 2 bit/s/Hz with reliable packet delivery over satellite mobile channels. This very high throughput is obtained by a relatively simple packet transmission control based on downlink signal quality observation and an optimized design of spread Aloha with successive interference cancelation (SIC) at the gateway.
The manuscript describes the design drivers and performance of a high efficiency quasi-real time satellite mobile messaging system well adapted to the location-based and data acquisition services targeting in particular the automotive market. It is shown that the proposed solution is providing a random access channel throughput around 2 bit/s/Hz with reliable packet delivery over satellite mobile channels. This very high throughput is obtained by a relatively simple packet transmission control based on downlink signal quality observation and an optimized design of spread Aloha with successive interference cancelation (SIC) at the gateway. (10 pages)
This article presents a radio interface recently standardized by ETSI under the name of S-band Mobile Interactive Multimedia (S-MIM) and especially designed to provide ubiquitous messaging services over S-band GEO satellites using low-power terminals. Thanks to low terminal cost and high bandwidth efficiency, this standard allows the development of new satellite services, particularly for vehicular and machine-to machine applications. The S-MIM standard relies on a broadcasting radio interface such as DVB-SH or ETSI SDR in the forward link, and reuses 3GPP W-CDMA technology properly adapted to the scope in the return link. Thanks to the use of spread spectrum ALOHA, terminals can access the channel in a totally asynchronous manner. The use of a packet-optimized iterative successive interference cancellation (i- SIC) algorithm at the receiver allows exploiting the inherent power imbalance among terminals in order to boost the throughput with respect to conventional SSA systems. In addition, advanced packet transmission control techniques have been adopted to maximize the probability of successful packet reception in the challenging land mobile satellite channel. Finally, the S-MIM link layer provides efficient and reliable transport of IP datagrams over the forward and return link radio interfaces.
The paper aims at devising a control system for dynamic resource allocation in a multi-service satellite network with real-time and streaming connections. A master station adaptively partitions the overall satellite capacity among the earth stations, according to their traffic load and fading conditions. Within the bandwidth temporarily assigned, the stations independently perform call admission control (CAC) of real-time connection requests and assign the proper redundancy to overcome the fading effects. Thus, there is a double cross-layer interaction between the physical and data link layers, whereby the fading severity plays a role in the overall bandwidth allocation. The performance of the method is analyzed by simulation, under a realistic link budget and real fading patterns
We propose and analyze two strategies to provide different levels of quality of service (QoS) to the DVB-SH standard. An extension of the interleaving scheme is investigated to support low latency service requirements for interactive services based on short messages. The first approach is a straightforward extension of the DVB-SH interleaver scheme based on an early-uniform interleaver profile, and the second one is the introduction of a super short interleaver, referred to as molded interleaver, which is embedded inside the standard DVB-SH interleaver. An exhaustive analysis, based on laboratory measurements, shows the benefits of the molded interleaver. Finally a comparison between the modified interleaving strategy and the use of hierarchical modulation is presented.
Recent trends in digital communications are opening commercial
applications to code division multiple access (CDMA). A novel access
technique based on bandlimited quasi-synchronous CDMA (BLQS-CDMA) is
described, showing all the advantages of synchronizing conventional
direct sequence CDMA to drastically reduce the effect of self-noise.
Bandlimitation is achieved with no detection loss by means of Nyquist
chip shaping, leading to a simple all-digital demodulator structure.
Detection losses due to imperfect carrier frequency and chip timing
synchronization are analytically derived and numerical results are
checked by computer simulations. Impairments due to satellite
transponder distortions are evaluated. The full digital modem structure
is presented, together with possible applications to mobile and very
small aperture terminal (VSAT) satellite communications
ERROR DETECTION incorporated with automatic-repeatrequest (ARQ) is widely used for error control in data communications systems. This method of error control is simple and provides high system reliability. If a properly chosen code is used for error detection, virtually error-free data transmission can be attained. This paper surveys various types of ARQ and hybrid ARQ schemes, and error detection using linear block codes.
Automatic repeat request error control schemes: a survey of various ARQ and hybrid ARQ schemes and error detection using linear block codes
- Lin S
- Costello D
- Miller M
Automatic repeat request error control schemes: a survey of various ARQ and hybrid ARQ schemes and error detection using linear block codes
- Lin
Digital video broadcasting (DVB) Framing Structure channel coding and modulation for Satellite Services to Handheld devices (SH) below 3 GHz
- Etsi En
Adding different levels of QoS to the DVB-SH standard
- Vargasa Breilingm Gerstackerw Stadalih Eberleine
- Heubergera
The SafeTRIP project: improving road safety for passenger vehicles using 2-way satellite communications
- Fremontg Grazzinis Sassea Beehareea