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OSAMAT – Utilisation of Oil Shale Ashes in Road Construction
Abstract
Estonian oil shale is characterized by a high mineral matter. After combustion 45–48 % of the oil shale is left over as ash, producing about 5–7 million tons of ash annually. The highly alkaline leachates from the ash deposits pose an environmental risk and the ash plateaus are considered as major pollution sources.
Due to its chemical content OSA is considered as a valuable binder material which could be used to improve stabilisation and strength of civil-engineering structures. The OSAMAT project aims at introducing, testing and promoting advanced methods of using OSA as valuable material in road construction.
... The possible applications for UUMA materials to be used in covers a wide range of the infrastructural construction sector. Below are given the five main application areas considered in the UUMA2 project: Havukainen 2000; Länsivaara et al. 2000; TEKES 2000; Lahtinen et al. 2007; Lahtinen 2007; Kreft-Burman et al. 2012; Ronkainen et al. 2012 and Dettenborn et al. 2014. ...
The aim of this paper is to present the goals and some preliminary results of the Finnish national UUMA2 program (www.uuma2.fi), which was created to promote the use of recycled materials in infrastructure construction and earthworks, and thus decrease both the use of non-renewable natural resources and environmental effects of earthworks. Aggregates used in earthworks can be replaced with these recycled materials (UUMA materials) acquired from surplus ground, industrial by-products and waste, etc. The UUMA2 program is designed to: 1. encourage eco-efficient project-specific material solutions, 2. introduce more commercialised UUMA materials to the markets, 3. support the development of planning and procurement carried out by clients and 4. produce information for the development of the environmental legislation.
Mass stabilization is soil improvement method to increase the strength and stiffness of soft soils (e.g. peat, mud, clay, silt) by using an admixed binder agent. In the demanding soil conditions of Baltic Sea region shore line and interior soft soil areas, cost effective soil improvement methods are needed in the foundation engineering and earth construction. Methods are also needed in the handling of soft and/or contaminated sediments (clay, mud, etc.), which are not allowed for off shore dumping. For these applications, mass stabilization has been proven to be a cost effective method and the effectiveness of mass stabilization has been demonstrated in laboratory and in field conditions during last decades. Especially good results have been reached with contaminated dredged sediments, which enable harbours to reuse sediments for construction. Better cost effectiveness has been achieved when by-products or waste materials have been utilized as a binder. Numerous mass stabilization projects have been carried out around the word and in the Nordic countries since beginning of 1990’s. In this article is presented: the principles of mass stabilization method, case examples of using mass stabilization in harbour and road construction projects, utilization of by-product or waste based binders and the cost effectiveness of that kind of binders.
Construction of road embankments or other infrastructures on soft peat is a challenge.
The main problems are high compressibility and rather low undrained shear strength of
peat. Mass stabilization provides a solution to improve the properties of a peaty subgrade.
Mass stabilization is a ground improvement method, where hardened soil mass is cre-
ated by adding binder into soil and by controlled in situ mixing. Mass stabilization poses
an alternative solution for conventional mass replacement or other techniques, which
leave peat in place. The chapter deals with mass stabilization of soft peat soil. Speciic
atention is paid to design, research and construction considerations, and experience
obtained during last three decades. Peat properties before and after stabilization, design
methods including pre-testing, stabilization technique and machinery, quality control
methods and practices, binder technology, long-term performance of mass stabilized
peat, environmental efects, feasibility, applications, and limitations are all presented
and discussed in this chapter. The long-term observations (during the last 25 years) have
shown that the strength of stabilized peat has continued to increase in average 1.6 times
from the strength of 30 days. Therefore, mass stabilization has proven to be a lexible
ground improvement method for peat layers with maximum thickness of 8 m.
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