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Structural Model Evaluation And Modification - An Interval Estimation Approach
... To assess the goodness of t of the structural equation model, the following criteria were applied: the comparative t index (CFI), non-normed t index (NNFI), incremental t index (IFI), and adjusted goodness-of-t index (AGFI) were required to exceed 0.90 (Bentler, 1990;Hu and Bentler, 1999). Additionally, the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) value was expected to be < 0.05 (Steiger, 1990;Browne and Cudeck, 1992), and the Hoelter critical value (CN) needed to exceed 200 (Bollen, 1986). ...
... It is noteworthy that higher SSAS scores indicate lower levels of perceived social support, resulting in a positive correlation with suicide ideation (r=.26)[39]. While moderate intercorrelations were evident among several explanatory variables, the results demonstrated an acceptable level of discriminant validity (all r<.5), supporting the simultaneous inclusion of these variables in logistic regression models[34][40]. ...
This research investigates depression and suicidal ideation among college students with and without learning difficulties in Chennai and Coimbatore, two cities in Tamil Nadu, India. A total of 28,745 students aged 17 to 23 participated, comprising 11,203 male and 17,542 female students. Utilizing three validated instruments, the study employed a descriptive research approach with a purposive sample technique. Data analysis involved calculating mean, standard deviation, and Pearson product-moment correlation. Results indicated that students with learning disabilities were more prone to experiencing depression and suicidal thoughts compared to their peers without cognitive difficulties. Recommendations include the need for mental health professionals to address these issues among tertiary education students. The study also highlights the alarming rate of student suicides in India, particularly in Tamil Nadu, underscoring the inadequacy of support systems and mental health services. As such, this research aims to examine suicide behaviors and influencing variables among teenagers in Chennai and Coimbatore, employing web mining techniques and statistical analysis to identify key factors and develop machine learning strategies for the protection of India's younger generations.
... Ponadto daje możliwość oceny dopasowania modelu do danych empirycznych, co pozwala na ocenę czy model teoretyczny jest zgodny z rzeczywistością. Spośród wielu miar jakości dopasowania modelu SEM do danych w raporcie wykorzystane zostaną: (1) pierwiastek kwadratu błędu aproksymacji (root mean square error of approximation), RMSEA (Steiger i Lind, 1980, Steiger, 1990, (2) wystandaryzowany pierwiastek średniego kwadratu reszt (standardized root mean square residual) SRMR oraz (3) indeks względnego dopasowania (comparative fit index), CFI (Bentler, 1990). Miary te są jednymi z najczęściej używanych w tego typu analizach (Byrne, 2012). ...
... Spośród wielu miar jakości dopasowania modelu SEM do danych najczęściej wykorzystywane to (Byrne, 2012): (1) pierwiastek kwadratu błędu aproksymacji (root mean square error of approximation), RMSEA (Steiger i Lind, 1980, Steiger, 1990, (2) indeks względnego dopasowania (comparative fit index), CFI (Bentler, 1990) oraz (3) wystandaryzowany pierwiastek średniego kwadratu reszt (standardized root mean square residual) SRMR. ...
Publikacja jest poświęcona uwarunkowaniom przebiegu ścieżek edukacyjnych i zawodowych absolwentów wybranych typów szkół ponadgimnazjalnych1. Jako główne źródło danych wykorzystujemy badanie panelowe, w którym respondenci brali udział po raz pierwszy jako uczniowie ostatnich klas szkół branżowych I stopnia i techników, w 2021 roku, a następnie – w kilkumiesięcznych odstępach – jeszcze dwukrotnie, już jako ich absolwenci. Szczególnie interesuje nas wpływ pochodzenia społecznego na wybory oraz sukcesy edukacyjne i zawodowe absolwentów. Nasza praca wpisuje się w szeroki nurt analiz nierówności szans edukacyjnych. Przy czym w odróżnieniu od znacznej części prac podejmujących tę tematykę wykraczamy poza etap kształcenia, analizując również wpływ pochodzenia społecznego i osiągnięć edukacyjnych na początki karier zawodowych absolwentów, a także na kontynuowanie przez nich edukacji.
... We used maximum likelihood (MLM) estimator. As suggested by Hu and Bentler (1998), we used the following index: (a) chisquare goodness of fit to degrees of freedom ratio, (b) Tucker-Lewis index (TLI; Tucker & Lewis, 1973), (c) root-mean-square error of approximation (RMSEA; Steiger, 1990), (d) standardized root-mean-square residual (SRMR; Bentler, 1990), and (e) the comparative fit index (CFI). Previous work suggests that a satisfactory model fit is indicated by TLI and CFI values no smaller than.90, ...
... As suggested by Hu and Bentler (1998), we used the following: (a) chi-square goodness of fit to degrees of freedom ratio, (b) Tucker-Lewis index (TLI; Tucker & Lewis, 1973), (c) root-meansquare error of approximation (RMSEA; Steiger, 1990), (d) standardized root-mean-square residual (SRMR; Bentler, 1990), and (e) the comparative fit index (CFI). Previous work suggests that a satisfactory model fit is indicated by TLI and CFI values no smaller than.90, ...
Bien que le réseautage numérique ait été identifié comme un comportement important pour le développement de carrière, la recherche reste à ce jour limitée. Avec l’omniprésence technologique, le réseautage numérique est devenu un comportement commun. Cependant, nos connaissances restent limitées sur la façon dont les individus créent et développent leur réseau numérique. En intégrant les recherches sur le réseautage, l’orientation de carrière protéenne et les compétences numériques, nous proposons un modèle reliant l’orientation de carrière protéenne et le réseautage numérique via les compétences numériques. Une étude basée sur 213 étudiants soutient que le réseautage numérique est composé de deux dimensions : la construction et l’utilisation. Notre modèle théorique a été ensuite testé sur un échantillon de 473 étudiants dans lequel l’orientation de carrière protéenne conduit au réseautage numérique via les compétences numériques. Ces recherches mettent en lumière les compétences numériques comme mécanisme expliquant les effets de l’orientation de carrière protéenne sur le réseautage numérique. Elles fournissent également des informations aux conseillers d’orientation, au personnel universitaire et aux universitaires de comment améliorer le réseautage numérique afin d’en tirer un bénéfice pour le développement de carrière.
... Some authors have suggested RMSEA values less than .05 indicate close fit (Steiger, 1990;Browne and Cudeck, 1993), whereas values between .05 and .08 represent fair fit, and values .10 ...
... as acceptable and .05 as good fit are shown in the ROC curve analyses plots which follow (Steiger, 1990;Browne and Cudeck, 1993). Starting with the results for the 6 common score ...
The circumplex offers a useful paradigm for simultaneously modeling relationships between latent variables and visually representing an individual’s profile. Previous research has demonstrated the Circular Stochastic Process Model (CSPM) can establish the presence of the circumplex in sample data using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), allowing researchers to test the circumplex with familiar global fit indices such as the Confirmatory Fit Index (CFI), Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI), Root Mean Squared Error of Approximation (RMSEA), and Unbiased Standardized Root Mean Squared Residual (SRMRu). However, it is not yet clear if these fit indices are sensitive to detect circumplexes under a variety of conditions. The current Monte Carlo simulation study evaluates how the number of common scores, sample size, and position of the common scores on the circumplex affects the sensitivity of these global fit indices to detect and accept circumplexes and reject non-circumplexes. In general, the results suggest the CFI, TLI, and RMSEA are too likely to erroneously accept non-circumplexes, while the SRMR accurately distinguished between circumplexes and non-circumplexes. Researchers are advised to plot common score theta locations, cosine factor loadings, sine factor loadings, β0 values, and β1 values carefully before accepting the circumplex. Thresholds for global fit indices when evaluating the CSPM are also provided. Supplemental code, figures, and tables are available at thur.st/circum-diss.
... Three critical fit indices for evaluating data/model compatibility in structural equation modelling analyses are the Tucker-Lewis index (Bentler and Bonett, 1980;Tucker and Lewis 1973), comparative fit index (Bentler, 1990), and root mean square error of approximation (Steiger 1990). RMSEA is an absolute fit index as it assesses the difference between a pre-specified model and a saturated fully optimal empirical model. ...
... The observed data is effectively explained by the SEM, as indicated by the significant chi-square values. The RMSEA value of 0.019 indicates that the model exhibits a strong fit, as it is below the widely accepted threshold of 0.06 (Steiger 1990). The Comparative Fit Index (CFI) and Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) values of 0.952 and 0.943, respectively, suggest a strong fit, surpassing the threshold of 0.90 (Bentler, 1990;Bentler and Bonett, 1980;Tucker and Lewis 1973). ...
This study used the Structural Equation Modeling approach to investigate the relationships among Green Finance, Renewable Energy Consumption, Ecological Footprint, and Income Inequality. Data from the years 2001 to 2022 of a total of 126 countries globally were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling approach. The objective was to examine the impact of Green Finance on Ecological directly and through mediation of Income Inequality indirectly. This study’s results demonstrate crucial links that exist between sustainable finance, environmental sustainability, and socioeconomic inequalities. These results point towards the importance of socioeconomic development for these factors. Moreover, Green Finance exhibited potential for alleviating the Ecological Footprint syndrome, and Renewable Energy induced differential effects on ecological degradation as well as Income Inequality. Economic Development and Urbanization as control variables have significant and insignificant positive effect respectively on Ecological Footprint. The policy recommendations as proposed covered a range of strategies for dealing with environmental and social issues. This will involve promoting green finance ventures, enabling renewable energy infrastructure expenditures and investments, supporting sustainable urbanization measures, as well as enhancing public awareness of the interdependence between environmental and social factors. Incorporating these suggestions into policy frameworks would mean stakeholders could contribute towards achieving harmony in terms of environmental sustainability and socioeconomic equity.
... • Absolute Fit: X 2 /df = 1.884 (below 5.0), GFI = 0.879 (close to 0.90), SRMR = 0.048 (below 0.08), and RMSEA = 0.048 (below 0.08). Results supported by previous research (Byrne, 1998;Hair et al., 1999;Jöreskog & Sörbom, 1995;Marsh & Hocevar, 1985;Steiger, 1990). ...
... • Absolute Fit: X 2 /df = 2.183 (below 5.0), GFI = 0.850 (close to 0.90), SRMR = 0.068 (below 0.08), and RMSEA = 0.055 (below 0.08). Supported by previous research (Byrne, 1998;Hair et al., 1999;Jöreskog & Sörbom, 1995;Marsh & Hocevar, 1985;Steiger, 1990). ...
... The pathway analysis was conducted when controlling for background variables in kindergarten (SES, gender, and kindergarten teacher). To evaluate the fit of the model, the following fit indices were used: chi-square goodness of fit index, comparative fit index (CFI; Bentler, 1990), and the root-mean-square error of approximation (RMSEA, Steiger, 1990). Values close to or greater than .95 ...
Self-regulation (SR; emotion-related, and behavioral), executive function, and theory of mind (ToM) all play an important role in child socioemotional functioning (SEF). However, much remains unknown about the interplay among these abilities when facing various challenging situations. Additionally, the role of these abilities in child SEF has not yet been studied among minority children from an Eastern culture. Thus, we conducted one study with two models to examine the combined contribution of these core abilities, concurrently, to children’s SEF during the transition to kindergarten, and longitudinally (about 3 years later) to children’s SEF during COVID-19. Overall, 202 kindergarten children (aged 4.9–6.5 years) participated, of which 136 of them in the longitudinal follow-up (aged 8.83–10.6 years). We used behavioral tasks and teacher and maternal reports. Mothers also reported their own distress during the COVID-19 pandemic. During the transition to kindergarten, we found that emotion-related SR was positively related to children’s SEF. We also found that emotion-related SR moderated the relation between inhibition and ToM. In the follow-up study, we found that emotion-related SR in kindergarten significantly predicted children’s SEF during the COVID-19 crisis, directly and indirectly, through children’s SEF in kindergarten and their maternal COVID-related distress. Moreover, emotion-related SR moderated the longitudinal association between children’s ToM at kindergarten age and their SEF during the COVID-19 crisis. Our findings highlight the central role that emotion-related SR plays in children’s ability to face different challenges.
... -Root Mean Square Error Approximation (RMSEA; Steiger, 1990;Steiger & Lind, 1980): indice assoluto (confronta il modello rispetto al fit perfetto ai dati osservati), i criteri di cutoff sono i seguenti: ≤ 0,05 (buono), tra 0,05 e 0,08 (accettabile), ≥ 0,10 (scarso). ...
Lo studio presenta il processo di costruzione e validazione della scala delle Concezioni Valutative degli Insegnanti (CoVI), progettata per rilevare le concezioni degli insegnanti di scuola primaria e secondaria relative alle finalità della valutazione degli apprendimenti degli studenti. Il campione di validazione è costituito da 1.545 docenti in servizio, distribuiti su tutto il territorio nazionale. La scala CoVI, sottoposta ad analisi fattoriale esplorativa e confermativa, presenta buone proprietà psicometriche e si compone delle seguenti dimensioni: valutazione come accountability (Acc), valutazione come accertamento dei risultati di apprendimento (AoL), valutazione come miglioramento dell'insegnamento e degli apprendimenti (AfL), valutazione come autoregolazione e sostenibilità dell'apprendimento (AaL). Lo strumento colma una lacuna nell'ambito degli strumenti disponibili nel settore, poiché è in grado di mettere a fuoco le specificità dei diversi approcci valutativi, compresi l'AaL e il sustainable assessment, che sono stati meno esplorati empiricamente.
The study outlines the construction and validation process of the Teacher's Conceptions of Assessment scale (CoVI), designed to evaluate primary and secondary school teachers' perceptions of student learning assessment purposes. The validation sample comprises 1,545 serving teachers nationwide. The CoVI scale, subjected to both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, demonstrates robust psychometric properties and encompasses the following dimensions: assessment as accountability (Acc), verification of learning outcomes (AoL), teaching and learning improvement (AfL), and self-regulation and sustainability of learning (AaL). The scale addresses a gap in available instruments in the field by focusing on the specificities of different assessment approaches , including AfL and sustainable assessment, which have been less empirically explored. Parole chiave: valutazione per l'apprendimento; valutazione come apprendimento; valutazione sostenibile; concezioni degli insegnanti; validazione
... The following fit indices were used to indicate model-data fit: comparative fit index (CFI; [94]), non-normed fit index (NNFI; [95]), root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA; [96]), standardized root mean square residual (SRMR; [97]), and Akaike information criterion (AIC; [98]). The chi-square (χ 2 ) test of model fit was reported, however due to the hypersensitivity of this statistic (e.g., to sample size), significance-level was not used to indicate model fit [34,70]. ...
Compassion towards oneself and towards others has been associated with positive psychological outcomes, however, research is limited by the availability of valid psychometric measures, particularly in languages other than English. The current study translated (English to French) and validated the following measures: the Compassionate Engagement and Action Scales (CEAS), assessing self-compassion (CEAS-SC), compassion to others (CEAS-TO), and compassion from others (CEAS-FROM); the Compassion Scale (CS); and the Sussex-Oxford Compassion Scales for Self (SOCS-S) and Others (SOCS-O). French-speaking participants were recruited online (N = 384) and completed the translated measures as well as questionnaires assessing self-compassion, depression, anxiety, stress, insecure attachment, mindfulness, and well-being. Confirmatory Factor Analysis supports the original factor structures proposed for the CEAS-FROM (two-factor hierarchical), CS (four-factor hierarchical), SOCS-S and SOCS-O (five-factor hierarchical), with alternate factor structures proposed for CEAS-SC (three-factor) and CEAS-TO (two-factor). Results showed good internal consistency and convergent validity for all scales, supporting the use of total scores for the translated measures.
... The measurement model was assessed in terms of its reliability and validity through CFA and the results are presented in Tables 1 and 2. Using CFA, Model 1, which is the hypothesized model illustrated in Figure 1, was retained as it denoted the best model fit indices (i.e., χ 2 = 842.615, df = 629, χ 2 /df = 1.340 ≤ 3; AGFI = 0.915 ≥ 0.90; GFI = 0.928 ≥ 0.90; CFI = 0.980 ≥ 0.90; RMSEA = 0.025 ≤ 0.08) (Baumgartner & Homburg, 1996;Hair et al., 2006;Steiger, 1990) as compared to Models 2 to 9, which represent competing models (Table 1). ...
Leader-member exchange (LMX) is critical to service-oriented organizational citizenship behavior (SOOCB). This research investigates a mediation-moderation model theorizing the influence of employee envy and psychological empowerment on the LMX and SOOCB relationship. Using survey data acquired from 559 hotel frontline employees and analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM), this study reveals that LMX reduces employee envy and contributes to SOOCB, albeit indirectly , as employee envy was found to have an indirect influence on the relationship between LMX and SOOCB. To address the negative influence of employee envy, the findings suggest that psychological empowerment should be cultivated as it strengthens the effect of LMX in reducing employee envy and thus enabling LMX to exert an indirect influence on SOOCB when employee envy is mitigated. ARTICLE HISTORY
... The CFA for the model involved an analysis of the indices of quality of t, encompassing the standardized ratio of chi-squared per degrees of freedom (χ2/df; Wheaton et al., 1977), the comparative t index (CFI; Bentler, 1990), and the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA; P[rmsea ≤ 0.05] (Steiger & Lind, 1980;Steiger, 1990) and the modi ed expected cross-validation index (MECVI; Browne & Cudeck, 1992). ...
Background
Citizenship fatigue has been identified as a negative consequence of performing organizational citizenship behaviors and has been studied due to its undesirable effects on employees and organizations. This article aims to present the results of adapting the citizenship fatigue scale to Portuguese language and to provide evidence of its validity.
Methods
The research methodology involved multiple stages. Initially, the Citizenship Fatigue Scale was translated into Portuguese using a robust back-translation process involving three bilingual translators to ensure semantic accuracy. Subsequently, for psychometric testing, the Citizenship Fatigue Scale and Compulsory Citizenship Behavior Scale were administered. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted, employing the maximum likelihood estimation method to assess the scale’s reliability and validity. Gender invariance was examined at three different levels: (1) configural invariance, (2) factor loading invariance and (3) factor loading and intercept invariance.
Results
The internal consistency, of the whole scale, measured by Cronbach’s alpha, was 0.95. The composite reliability value was also very satisfactory (CF = .95). The variance extracted from mean (AVE) value of .77 was higher than the required limit of .50, indicating an adequate fit of the model. The confirmatory analysis supported a single-factor model and showed good to very good indexes of fit (CFI = 0.99; GFI = 0.99; RMSEA = 0.02). The model was successfully replicated with a sample of both men and women.
Discussion
The results confirm that the Portuguese version of the Citizenship Fatigue Scale is a reliable instrument for research with Portuguese speaking samples and international research.
... The Comparative Fit Index (CFI) and Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) are also popular, with values above 0.95 suggesting a good fit. These indices provide researchers with a comprehensive assessment of how well their model represents the data (Bentler, 1990;Steiger, 1990). SEM's applications are diverse, spanning multiple disciplines. ...
This study investigates the determinants of sustainable construction practices in Nigeria, focusing on the environmental, social, and economic dimensions of sustainability. Using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), the research examines the relationships between various independent latent constructs—organizational culture, government policies, financial implications, stakeholder processes, and technology availability—and their impact on sustainability outcomes. A survey questionnaire was used to collect data from 248 respondents from 10 sampled construction companies in Nigeria. The data collected was analysed using SIMPLEX Project in LISREL The result of the SEM highlight the paramount importance of government policies, exhibiting the highest path coefficients across all sustainability dimensions. Organizational culture significantly influences sustainability, with companies prioritizing sustainability more likely to adopt green technologies and eco-friendly practices. Financial resources, effective stakeholder engagement, and access to advanced technologies also positively impact sustainability outcomes. The study reveals significant cross-impacts among the three sustainability dimensions, demonstrating their interconnected nature. These insights provide valuable recommendations for policymakers and industry stakeholders to foster a sustainability-oriented culture, invest in technology, and engage stakeholders effectively.
... (a) Absolute, to assess how well the theoretical model aligns with the empirical data. These indices include the index χ 2 /df (Bentler & Bonett, 1980), whose values below 3 indicate a good fit; the goodness-of-fit index (Jöreskog & Sörbom, 1993), with values .0.95 considered a good fit; the standardized root-mean-square residual (Hu & Bentler, 1999); and the root-mean-square error of approximation (Steiger, 1990), with values ,0.08 indicating a good fit (Hair et al., 1999). Additionally, the presence of ,5% of standardized residuals exceeding 2.58 in absolute value is considered a criterion for a good fit (Hair et al., 1999;Jöreskog & Sörbom, 1993). ...
Purpose/Objective: To propose a predictive model for caregivers’ psychological distress (including anxiety, depression, and cognitive overload) based on different data gathered from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients (cognitive level, psychological distress, type of ALS, and sex). Research Method/Design: A cross-sectional study with a sample of 51 ALS patients and their respective main carers. Various instruments were used such as the Beck Anxiety Inventory, ALS Depression Inventory-12, and the Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioral ALS Screen, Zarit Burden Interview, Self-Rating Depression Scale, and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale for caregivers. Results: ALS type, sex, and cognition were predictive variables for caregiver distress, with the main explanatory variable being the distress of the patients themselves. Spinal ALS led to higher psychological distress in caregivers (β = .38), as did male patients with ALS and preserved cognition. Conclusions/Implications: The proposed confirmatory model demonstrates that patients’ psychological distress is the best predictor of psychological distress in their caregivers.
... Several goodness of fit indices were used to evaluate proposed solutions. The absolute fit of the model was assessed using relative χ 2 , the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA; Steiger, 1990;Browne and Cudeck, 1992) and its 90% confidence interval (90% CI), and the standardized root mean square residual (SRMR). Fit relative to a null model was evaluated using the comparative fit index (CFI; Bentler, 1990) and the Tucker-Lewis index (TLI; Tucker and Lewis, 1973). ...
Misophonia is commonly associated with negative emotional or physiological
responses to specific sounds. However, the consensus definition emphasizes that
misophonia entails much more than that. Even in cases of subclinical misophonia,
where individuals do not meet the disorder criteria, the experience can still
be burdensome, despite not currently causing significant distress or impairment.
The S-Five is a psychometric tool for comprehensive assessment of five aspects
of misophonic experience: internalizing, externalizing, impact, threat, and
outburst, and includes S-Five-T section to evaluate feelings evoked by triggering
sounds and their intensity. We examined whether the five-factor structure
developed in the UK could be replicated in a Polish sample, including individuals
with and without self-identified misophonia. The Polish version of the S-Five
was translated and tested on 288 Polish-speaking individuals. Comprehensive
psychometric evaluation, including factor structure, measurement invariance,
test–retest reliability, internal consistency, and concurrent validity evaluations,
was conducted on the translated scale. Exploratory factor analysis suggested
similar structure to the original English study, while bootstrap exploratory graph
analysis showed the factor structure to be reproducible in other samples. The scale
was found to be bias free with respect to gender, internally consistent and stable
in time, and evidence of validity was provided using MisoQuest and Misophonia
Questionnaire. These results offer support for the cross-cultural stability of the
five factors and provide preliminary evidence for the suitability of the Polish
version for clinical and research purposes. The study also investigated five facets
of misophonia, triggering sounds, emotional responses, and their associations
with symptoms of psychopathology across various cultures. It underscores the
central role of anger, distress, and panic, while also highlighting the mixed role
of irritation and disgust in misophonia across different cultural contexts. Mouth
sounds evoked the most pronounced reactions compared to other repetitive
sounds, although there were discernible cultural differences in the nature and
intensity of reactions to various trigger sounds. These findings hold significant
implications for future research and underscore the importance of considering
cultural nuances in both research and the clinical management of misophonia.
... To deal with missing values, we employed full information maximum likelihood estimation to fit models directly to the raw data (Schafer & Graham, 2002). Model fit was assessed with the comparative fit index (CFI; Bentler, 1990), the Tucker-Lewis index (TLI; Tucker & Lewis, 1973), and the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA; Steiger, 1990). Good fit is indicated by values equal to or higher than .95 ...
A study by Krauss et al. (2020) suggested that the family environment (e.g., parental warmth, economic conditions of family) plays an important role for self-esteem development in adolescence. The present research sought to closely replicate and extend the study, using 4-wave longitudinal data from the Iowa Youth and Families Project, including 451 families. To replicate the prior study, we conducted the same set of analyses with similar measures and multi-informant assessments of mothers, fathers, and children from the same families. To extend the previous study, we tested novel aspects (i.e., controlling for prior exposure and testing the effect of the quality of sibling relationships). Overall, the findings provide no evidence for prospective effects between family environment and self-esteem in adolescence.
... Model t was evaluated in this study by examining standardized factor loadings and various t indices including the comparative t index (CFI) (25), Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) (26), and the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) (27). Previously established guidelines suggest adequate tting models have CFI and TLI values ≥0.90 and RMSEA values ≤0.08 (28). ...
Background: An important methodological challenge in conducting pediatric economic evaluations is estimating the preference-based health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of children. Current methods are highly variable and there is no single instrument available to value HRQoL consistently across multiple pediatric age groups. The PedsQL is a non-preference-based generic HRQoL instrument validated for children 2-18 years, but it cannot be directly used in economic evaluations. The aim of this study was to establish the core dimension structure of the PedsUtil health state classification system using confirmatory factor analysis, which is the first step of deriving a preference-based measure of HRQoL based on the PedsQL.
Methods: Four competing dimension structures of the PedsUtil health state classification system were developed based on published literature and expert opinion. Using data from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC) (n = 45,207), the 4 dimension structures were evaluated using the robust weighted least squares estimation method. The analyses were stratified by 2-year age intervals (from 2 to 17 years) to reflect the study design of the LSAC, as well as special healthcare needs status of the child. Model fit was evaluated by examining standardized factor loadings and various fit indices including the comparative fit index (CFI), Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI), and the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA). Modification indices and residual correlations were examined to re-specify the models to improve model fit when necessary.
Results: The findings supported a 7-dimension structure (i.e., Physical Functioning, Pain, Fatigue, Emotional Functioning, Social Functioning, School Functioning, and School Absence) of the PedsUtil health state classification system. The 7-dimension model exhibited adequate fit across subgroups with CFI values that ranged from 0.929 to 0.954, TLI values from 0.916 to 0.946, and RMSEA values from 0.058 to 0.102.
Conclusions: This study established the core dimension structure of the PedsUtil health state classification system using confirmatory factor analysis. The 7-dimension structure was found to be applicable across diverse pediatric populations. Research is currently ongoing to select the most representative item within each dimension of the PedsUtil health state classification system and valuation surveys will be fielded to estimate the PedsUtil scoring system.
... Consistent with established procedures, the fit of the measurement model was estimated before adding structural paths (Anderson & Gerbing, 1988). Model fit was evaluated using four separate indices, including the Tucker-Lewis index (TLI; Bentler & Bonnett, 1980;Tucker & Lewis, 1973), comparative fit index (CFI; Bentler, 1990), root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA; Steiger, 1990), and standardized root mean square residual (SRMR; Hu & Bentler, 1998). RMSEA values less than .10 and SRMR values less than .05 ...
Despite the established association between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and impulsivity, the literature is limited regarding impulsivity as a multifaceted construct. That is, the field’s understanding of how PTSD symptoms may increase particular impulsive tendencies and behaviors is constrained by examining impulsivity solely as an umbrella term. The aim of the present study was to determine if there are differential associations between PTSD symptom severity and various components of impulsivity across multiple self-report measures. A
sample of 215 undergraduate women (M age=19.77 years, SD=1.91,Range: 18–39 years) completed the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), short version of the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale (SUPPS-P), and Delaying Gratification Inventory (DGI). Structural equation modeling was used to examine associations between PTSD symptoms and each measure’s subscales. The findings included significant predictions from PTSD symptoms to the BIS-11 Attentional Impulsiveness subscale, β=.23, SE=.07,
95%CI [.09, .37];DGI Physical Pleasures, β = -.24, SE = .07, 95% CI [-.38, -.11], and Achievement subscales, β = -.19, SE = .08,
95% CI [-.34, -.04]; and the SUPPS-P Positive Urgency, β = .22, SE = .08, 95% CI [.07, .37], and Negative Urgency subscales,
β = .32, SE= .07, 95% CI [.19, .46]. These results have implications for precision medicine approaches that emphasize targeting these specific facets of impulsivity, with likely downstream effects on health risk behaviors for emerging adult women.
... The Comparative Fix Index, CFI (Bentler, 1990), the Standardized Root Mean Square Residual, SRMR, and the Root Mean Square Error of Approximation, RMSEA (Steiger, 1990), were used to test the model's fit and these values have also been reported. Table 1 presents the means, Standard Deviations (SDs), and the correlations between the studied variables. ...
Purpose
This study explores the impact of transformational leadership on work engagement within remote work settings. More specifically, we investigate whether supervisor’s perceived digital communication skills moderate the relationship between perceived supervisor support and work engagement.
Design/methodology/approach
Moderated mediation model has been tested using a sample of 410 consultants in Italy who worked within a fully remote work setting during Covid-19 pandemic.
Findings
Drawing on construal level theory and social presence theory, our study provides insights into the dynamics of leadership and work engagement in remote work settings. We demonstrate that, despite the challenges posed by physical distance, transformational leaders can effectively stimulate the work engagement of remote collaborators. Moreover, our findings suggest that the perceived digital communication skills of supervisors play a crucial role in moderating the relationship between perceived supervisor support and work engagement. This underscores the importance of supervisors' adept use of digital tools in conveying psychological presence and fostering employee engagement in remote work environments.
Practical implications
Our study highlights the importance of developing supervisors' digital communication skills to support and stimulate employee engagement in remote work settings.
Originality/value
This study contributes to the literature by providing one of the first empirical tests of the relationship between transformational leadership, perceived supervisor support, supervisor’s digital communication skills and work engagement within a remote work setting. By challenging prior assumptions and offering novel insights, our research enhances understanding of leadership dynamics and provides practical guidance for organizations navigating the challenges of remote work.
... The root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) [27], standardized root mean residual (SRMR) ...
Objectives
This cross-sectional study seeks to understand how unmet spiritual needs are associated with lower satisfaction with life by investigating the mediating roles of perception of quality of care and satisfaction with care among a sample of racially/ethnically and religiously diverse hematology and oncology patients.
Methods
We constructed a path analysis relating spiritual needs, perception of quality of care, satisfaction with care, and satisfaction with life.
Results
Seven hundred twenty-seven hematology and oncology patients (MAge = 59.0, 67.8% female) were recruited from four outpatient hematology/medical oncology sites. We found support for a serial multiple mediation hypothesis in which spiritual needs were indirectly associated with satisfaction with life through perception of quality of care and satisfaction with care. Specifically, higher spiritual needs were associated with a lower perception of quality of care (b = -0.73, p < 0.001), which, in turn, was associated with lower satisfaction with care (b = 0.26, p < 0.001) and subsequently resulted in lower satisfaction with life (b = 0.40, p < 0.001).
Conclusions
The findings suggest that non-biomedical elements are important mechanisms through which spiritual needs are indirectly associated with satisfaction with life through the care cancer patients receive. In addition to addressing the quality of care, providers should pay attention to patients’ spiritual needs (e.g., ask questions regarding spiritual needs as part of psychosocial history, refer to chaplains, etc.). Improving spiritual needs may lead patients to experience higher-quality care and, subsequently, a better quality of life.
... Confirmatory model estimation was performed using the maximum-likelihood-method (MLM) since this estimator is robust to standard errors and is one of the most common estimators [41]. The following fit indices were used: chi-square significance test, comparative fit index (CFI [42]) and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA [43]). Based on these fit indices, we evaluated the different models and selected the one with best fit. ...
There is a lack of knowledge regarding the relationship between proneness to dimensional psychopathological syndromes and the underlying pathogenesis across major psychiatric disorders, i.e., Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Bipolar Disorder (BD), Schizoaffective Disorder (SZA), and Schizophrenia (SZ). Lifetime psychopathology was assessed using the OPerational CRITeria (OPCRIT) system in 1,038 patients meeting DSM-IV-TR criteria for MDD, BD, SZ, or SZA. The cohort was split into two samples for exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. All patients were scanned with 3-T MRI, and data was analyzed with the CAT-12 toolbox in SPM12. Psychopathological factor scores were correlated with gray matter volume (GMV) and cortical thickness (CT). Finally, factor scores were used for exploratory genetic analyses including genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and polygenic risk score (PRS) association analyses. Three factors (paranoid-hallucinatory syndrome, PHS; mania, MA; depression, DEP) were identified and cross-validated. PHS was negatively correlated with four GMV clusters comprising parts of the hippocampus, amygdala, angular, middle occipital, and middle frontal gyri. PHS was also negatively associated with the bilateral superior temporal, left parietal operculum, and right angular gyrus CT. No significant brain correlates were observed for the two other psychopathological factors. We identified genome-wide significant associations for MA and DEP. PRS for MDD and SZ showed a positive effect on PHS, while PRS for BD showed a positive effect on all three factors. This study investigated the relationship of lifetime psychopathological factors and brain morphometric and genetic markers. Results highlight the need for dimensional approaches, overcoming the limitations of the current psychiatric nosology.
... A CFI ≥ 0.95 shows a good fit [28]. RMSEA [29] is one of the absolute measures of fit which determines how well a hypothesized model fits a perfect model. A value of RMSEA < 0.08 indicates an appropriate fit and a value < 0.1 indicates a mediocre fit [30]. ...
... The RMSEA value, measured at 0.058, is below the commonly accepted threshold of 0.07. A lower RMSEA value indicates a better fit of the model to the data (Steiger, 1990). In this case, the RMSEA value of 0.058 suggests that the model closely approximates the observed data, affirming the positive model fit. ...
The primary objective of this research is to elucidate the factors influencing the acceptance and use of gamified web tools among K-12 teachers in Turkey, according to the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT, Venkatesh et al., 2003). The study employed a causal research design, which allowed for the investigation of cause-and-effect relationships between the variables. To analyze the collected data, both simple and multiple linear regressions, along with a structural equation model (SEM), were employed. The results of the analysis indicated that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and social influence exerted positive effects on teachers’ behavioral intention to use gamified web tools. Additionally, behavioral intention and facilitating conditions demonstrated positive influences on the actual usage duration of these tools. The UTAUT constructs, namely performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions, were treated as independent variables in this study. The research findings revealed a negative correlation between performance expectancy and teachers’ behavioural intention to adopt and accept gamification as an instructional tool in education. However, the study also identified a positive relationship between effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, and teachers’ behavioural intention to adopt and accept gamification. Furthermore, the study’s results suggest that the organizational variable exhibits a significant relationship with teachers’ behavioural intention to embrace and accept gamification as a teaching tool in education.
... The chi-square difference test based on the likelihood ratio test statistics was used to test the statistical significance of the model fit differences. GENDER, RACIAL-ETHNIC, AND SOCIOECONOMIC DISPARITIES 20 Because the chi-square statistic is very sensitive to sample size (Bollen, 1989), alternative fit indices were also used, including the comparative fit index (CFI; Bentler, 1990), the Tucker-Lewis index (TLI; Tucker & Lewis, 1973), and the root mean squared error of approximation (RMSEA; Steiger, 1990). Given the large sample size of the present study, when the chi-square difference test suggested a significantly worse fit for a more restrictive model, but no appreciable change was found in alternative fit indices (e.g., ∆CFI smaller than or equal to |0.01|; Cheung & Rensvold, 2002), the more restrictive model was assessed as acceptable. ...
... To account for the non-normality of ordinal responses, we employed a Weighted Least Squares Mean and Variance (WLSMV) estimator. We evaluated the goodness-of-fit of the models using robust fit indices, including Comparative Fit Index (CFI; Bentler, 1990) with a criterion of >0.95, the Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI; Tucker and Lewis, 1973) with a criterion of >0.95, and the Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA; Steiger, 1990) with a criterion of <0.8 as well as X 2 /degrees of freedom (df) < 3.0. Second, we examined measurement invariance across distinct teaching roles and grade levels, fitting two-group threefactor multiple-group CFAs (MG-CFAs) with varying constraints: (a) configural invariance, (b) metric (weak) invariance, and (c) scalar (strong) invariance. ...
This study validates the scale, Critical Awareness toward Content-Language Integrated Education, recently designed to assess teachers’ awareness and beliefs toward Multilingual Learners (MLs) in content classrooms. By analyzing survey responses from a total of 458 teacher participants in the U.S., we examined evidence of validity, reliability, and measurement invariance. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) confirmed the three-factor structure, consisting of 34 items, with the suggestion to exclude one item out of 35 items. Multiple-group CFA (MG-CFA), considering teachers’ roles and for grade-levels of teaching, confirmed partial metric invariance and scalar invariance, with the constraints on three non-invariant items being released. Following the exclusion of the three items, subsequent data analyses were performed to compare teacher subgroups based on the finalized 31-item scale. The overall findings endorse the scale’s reliability and validity, supporting its applicability for researchers and practitioners in related fields.
... Conversely, the RMSEA and SRMR are absolute fit indices. RMSEA gauges the extent to which a proposed model deviates from an ideal model (Steiger, 1980(Steiger, , 1990. SRMR, on the other hand, represents the average discrepancy between the observed correlations and the model's predicted correlations (Jöreskog, 1977). ...
Grounded in the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2), this study investigates the interplay between key UTAUT2 constructs and motivation modeled by Self-Determination Theory (SDT) in shaping English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners’ behavioral intention and actual use of generative AI tools. Accordingly, three research questions were devised, including (1) What are the structural relationships between the UTAUT2 constructs for EFL learners to accept and use generative AI for English learning? (2) Does EFL learners’ SDT motivation influence their behavioral intention toward and actual use of generative AI? and (3) What are the moderating effects of EFL learners’ SDT motivation toward their acceptance and use of generative AI? A comprehensive survey involving 620 Chinese undergraduates assessed their technology acceptance and SDT motivation of generative AI tools in the EFL learning context. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were employed to analyze the data. Results indicate robust model fit indices, both with and without considering moderating effects. Performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, hedonic motivation, habit, and SDT motivation serve as significant predictors of EFL learners’ behavioral intention towards generative AI tools, while price value does not demonstrate a significant impact on behavioral intention. Additionally, behavioral intention and SDT motivation jointly and significantly predict EFL learners’ actual use of the technology. Importantly, introducing SDT motivation as a moderator unveils additional insights. Facilitating conditions exerts a significant influence on both behavioral intention and actual use, indicating a significant moderating effect of SDT moderation on these two pathways. Moreover, SDT motivation also significantly moderates the relationships between facilitating conditions and behavioral intention as well as between facilitating conditions and actual use, adding depth to our understanding of the nuanced interplay between motivation and technology acceptance of generative AI tools. The study concludes with insightful discussions on the findings, acknowledging the robust contributions and highlighting areas for future research to further enrich our understanding of EFL learners’ adoption of generative AI tools in the context of UTAUT2 with SDT moderation.
... The adequacy of the model to the data was evaluated using multiple fit indices: chi-square statistic (χ 2 ), comparative fit index (CFI; Bentler, 1990), root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA; Steiger, 1990), and standardized root-mean-square residual (SRMR; Hu & Bentler, 1998). Each model was evaluated against Marsh et al., (2004) guidelines, whereby good fit was acknowledged by the following lower limits χ 2 /df ≤ 2, CFI ≥ 0.95, SRMR ≤ 0.06, RMSEA ≤ 0.08. ...
The Dark Triad is highly relevant in high-performance environments as it offers explanation for feelings of superiority , opportunities to be ruthless in the pursuit of victory, and a heightened belief of influence over others for individual success. High-performance dyads focus on achieving a collective goal to achieve additional individual glory. The aim of this study was to investigate how levels of these traits and (dis)similarity in them was associated with relationship quality of 316 high-performance dyads. Greater dissimilarity in narcissism resulted in higher relationship quality for both dyadic members. Actor effects indicated that higher levels of narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism were related to a reduction in coaches' own perceptions of relationship quality, whilst only higher levels of Machiavellianism were associated with a reduction in athletes' own perceived levels of relationship quality. Partner effects showed higher levels of athlete Machiavellianism reduced the relationship quality of coaches.
... Zohner et al., 2021). The fitness of the SEM model was evaluated using four indices: chi-square statistic (v 2 ), comparative fit index (CFI), Tucker-Lewis index (TLI), and standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) (Tucker & Lewis, 1973;Bentler, 1990;Steiger, 1990). A good-fitting model typically exhibits a nonsignificant v 2 (P > 0.05), CFI and TLI > 0.95, and SRMR < 0.08 (Hu & Bentler, 1999). ...
Leaf phenology variations within plant communities shape community assemblages and influence ecosystem properties and services. However, questions remain regarding quantification, drivers, and productivity impacts of intra‐site leaf phenological diversity.
With a 50‐ha subtropical forest plot in China's Heishiding Provincial Nature Reserve (part of the global ForestGEO network) as a testbed, we gathered a unique dataset combining ground‐derived abiotic (topography, soil) and biotic (taxonomic diversity, functional diversity, functional traits) factors. We investigated drivers underlying leaf phenological diversity extracted from high‐resolution PlanetScope data, and its influence on aboveground biomass (AGB) using structural equation modeling (SEM).
Our results reveal considerable fine‐scale leaf phenological diversity across the subtropical forest landscape. This diversity is directly and indirectly influenced by abiotic and biotic factors (e.g. slope, soil, traits, taxonomic diversity; r² = 0.43). While a notable bivariate relationship between AGB and leaf phenological diversity was identified (r = −0.24, P < 0.05), this relationship did not hold in SEM analysis after considering interactions with other biotic and abiotic factors (P > 0.05).
These findings unveil the underlying mechanism regulating intra‐site leaf phenological diversity. While leaf phenology is known to be associated with ecosystem properties, our findings confirm that AGB is primarily influenced by functional trait composition and taxonomic diversity rather than leaf phenological diversity.
... The fit of models to data was evaluated on the basis of several commonly used (Byrne, 2011) goodness of fit indices, including: (a) root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA; Steiger, 1990); (b) Tucker-Lewis index (TLI; Tucker & Lewis, 1973), and (c) comparative fit index (CFI; Bentler, 1990). Additionally, despite the fact that the χ2 test (Joreskog & Sorbom, 1982) is highly sensitive to sample size (Fan et al., 1999), this index of fit was also presented. ...
Objective: The main aim of this study was to investigate the mutual relationship between perceptions of peer relationship quality and position in positive and negative peer networks among young people from late childhood to early adolescence. Method: A cross-lagged panel model of three waves of data was conducted using a large representative sample of Polish students from third grade to sixth grade ( N = 4 673). Results: The results proved a reciprocal relationship between position in positive (Like) and negative (DisLike) peer networks and the perceived quality of peer relationships (PPI). The effect found of position on the perceived quality of peer relationships is in line with the existing state of knowledge. Since previous research has yielded divergent results, this demonstration of the prospective impact of perceived relationship quality on peer network position fills an important cognitive gap. The study also revealed the following: (1) in the first (W1→W2) and second period (W2→W3) the strength of the prospective effects of position in the peer network on its perceived quality (Like→PPI and DisLike→PPI), and the strength of the prospective effects of perceived quality on position (PPI→Like and PPI→DisLike), were not statistically significantly different; (2) the effect size of the cross-lagged coefficients ranged from small to medium; (3) all constructs showed greater stability in the second period than in the first; (4) in both periods stability of PPI was lower than the stability of sociometric indicators. Conclusion: This research confirms the presence of a self-reinforcing loop: a low position in peer networks→poor perceived quality of relations→decrease of position in peer networks. The findings are discussed in relation to the evolutionary theory of loneliness (ETL), which assumes a potentially active role of the perception of peer relationships in forming a position in a peer network. Practical implications of the results are discussed.
... To assess goodness-of-fit for models tested in this study, we focused on the following fit indices: Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA, Steiger, 1990), the Comparative Fit Index (CFI; Bentler & Bonett, 1980), the chisquare statistic, and the Standardized Root Mean Residual (SRMR). Goodness-of-fit is generally indicated by a CFI value above 0.90, SRMR value below 0.08, and RMSEA value below 0.08. ...
Students value a close, supportive relationship with their professors, which has been shown to enhance their learning in higher education. However, more needs to be known about how quality faculty-student relationships shape students’ engagement and approaches to learning in higher education. In a diverse sample of 966 undergraduates from two different institutions of higher education, the current study explored the relationship between faculty-student rapport, student engagement, and deep and surface approaches to learning. Faculty-student rapport was positively correlated with student engagement (r = .50) and deep learning (r = .30), and negatively correlated with surface learning (r = -.21). Student engagement was positively correlated with deep learning (r = .70) and negatively with surface learning (r = -.32). Using multilevel modelling with students nested within classrooms, engagement was shown to mediate the effects of rapport on greater levels of deep learning (β = .31) and lower levels of surface learning (β = -.12). Although results held up across a range of demographic characteristics, some differences were noted for rapport-building among Asian American students and engagement across men versus women. These results have important implications for how faculty can engage students in the learning process by developing close, supportive relationships with their students and by extending their relationship with their students outside the classroom.
... The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) showed that the indicators mainly used to measure the latent variables were having high in terms of factor loadings above 0.7, which is considered appropriate (Hair et al., 2006;Steiger, 1990). The reliability Cronbach's alpha should be above 0.7 for each item (Brown, 2002). ...
... The putative factor structure-a two-dimensional structure encompassing the SS and FD domains-was explored using a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). A number of indices were employed to evaluate the goodness of fit of the model: root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), 28 comparative fit index (CFI), 29 the Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) 30 31 and the standardised root mean squared residual (SRMR). 32 Various thresholds have been proposed to evaluate model fit. ...
Background
Long COVID (LC) is a novel multisystem clinical syndrome affecting millions of individuals worldwide. The modified COVID-19 Yorkshire Rehabilitation Scale (C19-YRSm) is a condition-specific patient-reported outcome measure designed for assessment and monitoring of people with LC.
Objectives
To evaluate the psychometric properties of the C19-YRSm in a prospective sample of people with LC.
Methods
1314 patients attending 10 UK specialist LC clinics completed C19-YRSm and EuroQol 5D-5L (EQ-5D-5L) longitudinally. Scale characteristics were derived for C19-YRSm subscales (Symptom Severity (SS), Functional Disability (FD) and Overall Health (OH)) and internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha). Convergent validity was assessed using the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT)—Fatigue Scale. Known groups validity was assessed for the Other Symptoms subscale as tertiles, as well as by hospitalisation and intensive care admission. Responsiveness and test–retest reliability was evaluated for C19-YRSm subscales and EQ-5D-5L. The minimal important difference (MID) and minimal clinically important difference (MCID) were estimated. Confirmatory factor analysis was applied to determine the instrument’s two-factor structure.
Results
C19-YRSm demonstrated good scale characteristic properties. Item-total correlations were between 0.37 and 0.65 (for SS and FD), with good internal reliability (Cronbach’s alphas>0.8). Item correlations between subscales ranged between 0.46 and 0.72. Convergent validity with FACIT was good (−0.46 to −0.62). The three subscales discriminated between different levels of symptom burden (p<0.001) and between patients admitted to hospital and intensive care. There was moderate responsiveness for the three subscales ranging from 0.22 (OH) to 0.50 (SS) which was greater than for the EQ-5D-5L. Test–retest reliability was good for both SS 0.86 and FD 0.78. MID was 2 for SS, 2 for FD and 1 for OH; MCID was 4 for both the SS and FD. The factor analysis supported the two-factor SS and FD structure.
Conclusions
The C19-YRSm is a condition-specific, reliable, valid and responsive patient-reported outcome measure for LC.
... CFI and TLI values greater than 0.90 are within the range of adequate fit, with values of 0.95 preferable [55]. For the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), which represents the error variance per degree of freedom in the model, a value of 0.06 or less indicates a good fit [56], and a standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) < 0.05 to 0.08 is regarded as appropriate. The best-fitting model was developed with the St. Kitts and Nevis sample, as this sample included all the schools in Saint Christopher (St. ...
The purpose of this study was to assess the factor structure and measurement invariance of the three-factor (nurturance, monitoring, discipline) 29-item Parenting Practices Scale across four Caribbean islands-Jamaica, St. Kitts and Nevis, The Bahamas, and St. Vincent and the Grenadines-with data from 1948 adolescent Caribbean grade 10 students. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted, and the findings supported the original three-factor model, and factor loading invariance was found across the four Caribbean islands. These findings suggest that this par-enting measure may be used to compare perceptions of parental behaviors among adolescents in the English-speaking Caribbean with some limitations that are discussed.
... The bifactor model allows us to examine whether workplace telepressure is a multidimensional construct. Based on recommended guidelines (Hu & Bentler, 1999;Kline, 2023;Steiger, 1990), we evaluate whether the models have adequate fit using the following indices: non-significant likelihood ratio chi-square test, comparative fit index (CFI) and Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) greater than .90, and the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) with 90% confidence interval and the standardized root mean-square residual (SRMR) less than .08. For the bifactor model, in addition to the fit indices above, we followed Rodriguez et al. (2016a) to estimate bifactor model fit indices to address the potential overfitting issues in bifactor model using the BifactorIndicesCalculator package in R. ...
Workplace telepressure is a psychological experience related to work-related messages. Research on measurement invariance for telepressure is scarce, especially with respect to occupations. This paper used a moderated nonlinear factor analysis technique to examine how occupational characteristics predict telepressure experiences and differential ratings across two studies with full-time workers. Email-related behaviors and demands predicted factor means and variances of telepressure, but there were no consistent results for job control and time pressure. Invariance testing at the item-level showed that occupational characteristics did not moderate most item parameter estimates; that is, employees interpreted workplace telepressure items equivalently regardless of occupational context.
This study investigates the impact of stagflation on SME performance in Champasack Province , Lao PDR. Utilizing data from 450 SME's owners, acquired via structured questionnaires, the research employed the structural equation modeling technique for data analysis. The result showed that stagflation have positive impact and significant on marketing management capability, Consumers, and SME performance. According to Marketig management capability has a positive impact and significant on Consumers, but its negative impact and significant on SME performances, and Consumers has a positive impact and significant on SME performances. The insights derived from this research provide essential directives for SME managers striving to business survival in economic uncertenty. Therefore, Medium-sized and small-sized enterprises in ten districts of Champasack Province, Lao PDR, need to effectively develop their marketing management capability to stimulate consumer spending during periods of stagflation. This will lead to a continuous improvement in SME performance and high business survival during the period of stagflation.
The Cambridge Handbook of International Prevention Science offers a comprehensive global overview on prevention science with the most up-to-date research from around the world. Over 100 scholars from 27 different countries (including Australia, Bhutan, Botswana, India, Israel, Mexico, Singapore, South Korea, Spain and Thailand) contributed to this volume, which covers a wide range of topics important to prevention science. It includes major sections on the foundations of prevention as well as examples of new initiatives in the field, detailing current prevention efforts across the five continents. A unique and innovative volume, The Cambridge Handbook of International Prevention Science is a valuable resource for established scholars, early professionals, students, practitioners and policy-makers.
Background: Universal accessibility is one of the most active lines of intervention for people with disabilities and older adults. This accessibility has become a topic of growing interest regarding home access and use. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to create and validate a home assessment tool: the HESA II. Methods: The study was conducted in four phases: (1) agreement on variables by an expert panel; (2) development of 90 items according to the AOTA framework; (3) pilot test with n = 20; and (4) final study with 156 subjects where confirmatory factor analysis was performed. Results: The tool consisted of 85 items divided into five subscales related to each of the main spaces of Spanish homes: living room; kitchen; bedroom; and bathroom. Conclusions: The tool demonstrates good psychometric properties of reliability. The HESA II assesses home accessibility based on limitations in activity and participation restriction of the evaluated person as per the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health rather than on a diagnosis, making it applicable to a wide range of groups.
This research delves into an investigation of how students with learning disabilities interact with gamified learning technology, particularly focusing on their attention patterns. Furthermore, it examines the impact of factors such as perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, intrinsic motivation, and competence on these attention patterns. This study emphasizes the value of competence and intrinsic motivation in improving students with learning disabilities' attention when utilizing this educational technology. The favorable effects of intrinsic motivation and competence on attention levels highlight the significance of individual interest and competency in gamification-assisted learning. These results highlight the demand for specialized gamification-learning technology solutions that take into account the varied needs of this student population and guarantee that perceived usability corresponds to real usability. It is crucial to appreciate the importance of personal desire and skill in sustaining focus during technology-based learning. Ultimately, this study offers insightful information for the creation of inclusive and successful educational resources for students with learning disabilities.
This study investigates the adoption of quantum computing (QC) technology using the diffusion of innovation (DOI) theory and provides an extensive literature review. We deployed structural equation modeling to analyze data from a survey conducted among 96 top managers in various industries from Canada, the US, and Europe, including IT‐based small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) dealing with QC software development. Our survey analysis indicates that the complexity of QC systems and software is the main barrier to the future adoption of quantum computing. This research offers insights into how future quantum computers can impact the security and privacy of information, emphasizing the importance of privacy protection. In this context, the study contributes to the notion of privacy engineering in the complex context of QC. The study established important outlines and tools for shaping future QCs. Our study, backed by empirical evidence, underscores the significant impact of new technology on citizens', organizations', firms', and government‐private data. The results provide a clear message to policymakers, industry leaders, and developers: privacy engineering should be an integral part of technical development, and it's crucial to act before costs escalate. In this context, our study stands out as one of the few that use NLP and structural equation modeling to address privacy challenges in QC research through experimental research, offering practical solutions to real‐world problems.
Importance: The study addresses the critical issue of antimicrobial resistance, focusing on the role of social support in influencing healthcare professionals' antimicrobial prescribing behavior, a key factor in clinical practice and public health.
Objective: The primary objective is to examine the mediating effects of social support on the decision-making processes of healthcare professionals regarding antimicrobial drug use, emphasizing the impact on rational prescribing within a healthcare setting.
Evidence Review: The study employed a cross-sectional survey design, analyzing data from 720 healthcare professionals using Structural Equation Modeling. It reviewed how variables such as self-efficacy, knowledge and skills, and health beliefs, informed by theories like RAT, TPB, and HBM, mediate the influence of social support.
Findings: The SEM analysis demonstrated significant mediating effects of social support on prescribing intentions through various psychosocial factors. The results offer quantitative insights into the relationships between social support and critical psychological determinants of prescribing behavior.
Conclusions and Relevance: The findings elucidate the nuanced impact of social support on antimicrobial prescribing decisions, providing evidence-based insights for enhancing antimicrobial stewardship. This study informs clinicians and policymakers about the significance of social support in promoting rational antimicrobial use.
Cet article s’inscrit dans les recherches portant sur le bien-être des enseignants au Québec, plus spécifiquement, à brosser un portrait de leurs compétences socioémotionnelles (CSÉ) que les recherches ont jusqu’ici peu explorées. Face à l’absence de questionnaire en français (Yoder, 2014) pour évaluer les CSÉ, il a été proposé d’en élaborer un selon le processus en sept étapes de Frenette et al. (2019) qui maximise l’obtention de preuves de validité. Un échantillon de 401 enseignants a permis d’accumuler diverses preuves de validité soutenant l’utilisation de ce questionnaire. Les analyses effectuées ont montré que le modèle conceptuel à deux facteurs (intrapersonnel et interpersonnel) s’ajuste bien aux données. Selon la perception des enseignants québécois, les résultats pointent trois constats : 1) les CSÉ sont occasionnellement utilisées en classe ; 2) le volet interpersonnel est plus présent dans leurs interventions que le volet intrapersonnel ; et 3) les jeunes enseignants présentent des moyennes plus faibles pour le volet intrapersonnel comparativement à leurs collègues plus âgés. De futures recherches devront être réalisées pour appuyer ces constats et justifier l’importance d’introduire les CSÉ dans la formation des enseignants au Québec.
This indispensable sourcebook covers conceptual and practical issues in research design in the field of social and personality psychology. Key experts address specific methods and areas of research, contributing to a comprehensive overview of contemporary practice. This updated and expanded second edition offers current commentary on social and personality psychology, reflecting the rapid development of this dynamic area of research over the past decade. With the help of this up-to-date text, both seasoned and beginning social psychologists will be able to explore the various tools and methods available to them in their research as they craft experiments and imagine new methodological possibilities.
This indispensable sourcebook covers conceptual and practical issues in research design in the field of social and personality psychology. Key experts address specific methods and areas of research, contributing to a comprehensive overview of contemporary practice. This updated and expanded second edition offers current commentary on social and personality psychology, reflecting the rapid development of this dynamic area of research over the past decade. With the help of this up-to-date text, both seasoned and beginning social psychologists will be able to explore the various tools and methods available to them in their research as they craft experiments and imagine new methodological possibilities.
This indispensable sourcebook covers conceptual and practical issues in research design in the field of social and personality psychology. Key experts address specific methods and areas of research, contributing to a comprehensive overview of contemporary practice. This updated and expanded second edition offers current commentary on social and personality psychology, reflecting the rapid development of this dynamic area of research over the past decade. With the help of this up-to-date text, both seasoned and beginning social psychologists will be able to explore the various tools and methods available to them in their research as they craft experiments and imagine new methodological possibilities.
There are numerous studies examining differences in the experience of disorders and symptoms of psychopathology in adolescents across racial or ethnic groups and sex. Though there is substantial research exploring potential factors that may influence these differences, few studies have considered the potential contribution of measurement properties to these differences. Therefore, this study examined whether there are differences across racial or ethnic groups and sex in the measurement of psychopathology, assessed in mother-reported behavior of 9–11 year old youth from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study sample using updated Child Behavior Checklist scales (CBCL; Achenbach & Rescorla, 2001). Tests of measurement invariance of the CBCL utilized the higher order factor structure identified by Michelini et al. (2019) using this same Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development cohort. The dimensions include internalizing, somatoform, detachment, externalizing, and neurodevelopmental problems. The configural model had a good-to-excellent fit on all subscales of the CBCL across racial or ethnic groups and sex. The metric and scalar models fit just as well as the configural models, indicating that the scales are measuring the same constructs across racial or ethnic groups and sex and are not influenced by measurement properties of items on the CBCL, although some high-severity response options were not endorsed for youth in all racial or ethnic groups. These findings support the use of the CBCL in research examining psychopathology in racially or ethnically diverse samples of youth.
COVID-19 and its economic fallout have resulted in unprecedented financial insecurity and material hardship for many American families, with a disproportionately negative impact on children and families from socioeconomically disadvantaged contexts. The current study applied the family stress model to examine the family processes underlying pandemic-related economic insecurity and children's internalizing behaviours. Online survey data from an economically diverse sample of mothers and fathers, who experienced at least one type of pandemic-related economic insecurity in the United States (N = 259), were collected across two longitudinal time points in the early weeks of COVID-19: (1) 14 April and (2) 30 April of 2020. Parental depressive symptoms, negative partner relationship quality and harsh parenting were tested as mediators. Results from the path model showed that pandemic-related economic insecurity was associated with higher levels of parental depressive symptoms, which were then associated with higher levels of negative partner relationship quality. Negative partner relationship quality was subsequently associated with more harsh parenting, which was then associated with increased child internalizing behaviours. Indirect effects were found for all hypothesized mediators. The family stress model can be applied and extended to the early COVID-19 period. Child and family social work implications include targeting parents' mental health, relationship quality and parenting behaviours, as well as directly addressing financial and material hardship, to mitigate the adverse effects of pandemic-related economic insecurity on children's mental health.
A jógázást, mint elme-test módszert, számtalan kutatás vizsgálja a mentális és testi egészség területén normál és klinikai mintát figyelembe véve. A jógázók körében végzett vizsgálatok eredményei szerint a jógázás pozitív összefüggéseket mutat a mentális egészség több mutatójával, továbbá a mentális egészséggel szoros kapcsolatban álló szomatizációval is a felnőtt lakosság körében. A nemzetközi szakirodalomban hiányként jelölik meg a kutatók a spiritualitással és szomatizációval kapcsolatos felmérések területét, továbbá rámutatnak a COVID-19 pandémia időszakában olyan módszerek feltárásának szükségességére, amelyek segíthetik a népegészségügyet a járvány idején.
Kutatásaink fő céljai e hiányterületekhez kapcsolódtak, amelyhez szerettünk volna olyan felméréseket is végezni, amelyekre korábban nem került sor Magyarországon. A kutatásainkban vizsgáltuk a mentális egészség és a testi tünetek összefüggéseit a jógázó nők jógázási paramétereivel összefüggésben. Vizsgáltuk továbbá azt is, hogy a jógázók mennyire tartják hasznosnak a jógázás módszerét az általános jóllét fenntartására és a COVID-19 esetekkel kapcsolatban és ezek a változók milyen összefüggést mutatnak a jógázás heti gyakoriságával. Emellett kettős célként tűztük ki, hogy adaptáljuk a Spirituális Egészség- és Életorientáció Kérdőív magyar változatát és elvégezzük annak pszichometriai elemzését, továbbá vizsgáljuk a jóga lehetséges hatásait a spiritualitásra, a mentális jóllétre és a szomatizációra egyetemi hallgatói mintán, aktív kontroll csoporttal is összehasonlítva.
Eredményeink igazolják azon korábbi kutatásokat, amelyek pozitív kapcsolatot tártak fel a jógázás heti gyakorisága és a mentális egészség mutatói, mint a csökkent depresszió, szorongás, stressz, a hatékonyabb stresszel való megküzdés / affektivitás, továbbá a jobb szubjektív egészség és csökkent testi tünetek területén. A mért változók ehhez hasonló pozitív összefüggéseket mutattak a jógázással töltött évek számával is. A mentális jóllét szintje pozitív összefüggést mutatott a jógázás heti gyakoriságával. Továbbá hasonló pozitív összefüggés volt kimutatható azzal kapcsolatban is, hogy mennyire tartják a jógázók hasznosnak a jógagyakorlást a COVID-19 nyomán kialakult egészségproblémák megelőzésére, a tüntetek enyhítésére és orvosi kezelés kiegészítésére. A Spirituális Egészség- és Életorientáció Kérdőív (SHALOM) megbízható eszköznek bizonyult a spiritualitás négy területének kimutatására: Személyes, Társas, Környezeti, és Transzcendens dimenziók. A legjobb illeszkedést a bifaktoros modell mutatta, amely a négy elsődleges dimenzió mellett az általános faktort, amit spiritualitásnak hívunk, is hivatott mérni. Találtunk olyan tételeket is, amelyek további pontosításra szorulnak. Az egyetemi testnevelési órákon felmért jógázás azt mutatta, hogy a spiritualitás terén a jógázás hatása jelentősebb a sportágakat végzőkkel összehasonlítva, akik ugyanakkor a testi tünetek enyhítésében bizonyultak hatékonyabbnak. A jógázás és sportok végzése összességében nem mutatott jelentős különbségeket. Az elemzéseink során több olyan változót is vizsgáltunk, amelyek a nemzetközi kutatásokkal ellentétben nem mutattak pozitív változást, mint az általános és pszichológiai jóllét és az élettel való elégedettség.
Összességében azt tapasztaltuk, hogy minél nagyobb heti gyakorisággal vagy minél hosszabb ideje jógázik valaki, annál több egészséghasznot várhat a jógázástól. A jógázás hatékonynak bizonyul a mentális egészség fenntartásában még a fokozottan stresszel teljes környezetben is, mint a jelenlegi COVID-19 járvány, és hatásos eszköze lehet elsősorban a megelőzésnek. A jógázás otthoni környezetben is könnyen gyakorolható módszer, amely ajánlott az egészség fenntartásához akár a világjárvány időszakában is. A jóga gyakorlásának megismertetése ajánlható az egyetemi testnevelés órai keretben.
A general approach to the analysis of covariance structures is considered, in which the variances and covariances or correlations of the observed variables are directly expressed in terms of the parameters of interest. The statistical problems of identification, estimation and testing of such covariance or correlation structures are discussed.
Several different types of covariance structures are considered as special cases of the general model. These include models for sets of congeneric tests, models for confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis, models for estimation of variance and covariance components, regression models with measurement errors, path analysis models, simplex and circumplex models. Many of the different types of covariance structures are illustrated by means of real data.
Multivariate methods are employed widely in the analysis of experimental data but are poorly understood by those users who are not statisticians. This is because of the wide divergence between the theory and practice of multivariate methods. This book provides concise yet thorough surveys of developments in multivariate statistical analysis and gives statistically sound coverage of the subject. The contributors are all experienced in the theory and practice of multivariate methods and their aim has been to emphasize the major features from the point of view of applicability and to indicate the limitations and conditions of the techniques. Professional statisticians wanting to improve their background in applicable methods, users of high-level statistical methods wanting to improve their background in fundamentals, and graduate students of statistics will all find this volume of value and use.
Let S represent the usual unbiased estimator of a covariance matrix, Σ0, whose elements are functions of a parameter vector . A generalized least squares (G.L.S) estimate, of may be obtained by minimizing where V is some positive definite matrix. Asymptotic properties of the G.L.S. estimators are investigated assuming only that satisfies certain regularity conditions and that the limiting distribution of S is multivariate normal with specified parameters. The estimator of which is obtained by maximizing the Wishart likelihood function (M.W.L. estimator) is shown to be a member of the class of G.L.S. estimators with minimum asymptotic variances. When is linear in a G.L.S. estimator which converges stochastically to the M.W.L. estimator involves far less computation. Methods for calculating estimates of , estimates of the dispersion matrix of , and test statistics, are given for certain linear models.
The purpose of this article is to present a strategy for the evaluation and modification of covariance structure models. The approach makes use of recent developments in estimation under non-standard conditions and unified asymptotic theory related to hypothesis testing. Factors affecting the evaluation and modification of these models are reviewed in terms of nonnormality, missing data, specification error, and sensitivity to large sample size. Alternative model evaluation and specification error search strategies are also reviewed. The approach to covariance structure modeling advocated in this article utilizes the LISREL modification index for assessing statistical power, and the expected parameter change statistic for guiding specification error searches. It is argued that the common approach of utilizing alternative fit indices does not allow the investigator to rule out plausible explanations for model misfit. The approach advocated in this article allows one to determine the extent of sample size sensitivity and the effects of specification error by relying on existing statistical theory underlying covariance structure models.
J. S. Tanaka and G. J. Huba (see record
1986-10882-001) introduced a general fit index for covariance structure models under generalized least squares estimation that in some cases specialized to the fit indices presented by K. G. Jöreskog and D. Sörbom (1981). For a wide class of models, the general form of this fit index can be expressed as a weighted coefficient of determination. This coefficient is given as the ratio of weighted trace functions of predicted and observed covariance matrix elements. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
An analysis of empirical data often leads to a rejection of a hypothesized model, even if the researcher has spent considerable efforts in including all available information in the formulation of the model. Thus, the researcher must reformulate the model in some way, but in most instances there is, at least theoretically, an overwhelming number of possible actions that could be taken. In this paper a modification index will be discussed which should serve as a guide in the search for a better model. In statistical terms, the index measures how much we will be able to reduce the discrepancy between model and data, as defined by a general fit function, when one parameter is added or freed or when one equality constraint is relaxed. The modification index discussed in this paper is an improvement of the one incorporated in the LISREL V computer program in that it takes into account changes in all the parameters of the model when one particular parameter is freed.
Akaike's Information Criterion is systematically dependent on sample size, and therefore cannot be used in practice as a basis for model selection. An alternative measure of goodness-of-fit, based like Akaike's on the noncentrality parameter, appears to be consistent over variations in sample size.
EQS structural equations program manual. Los Angeles: BMDP Software Fit indices, LaGrange multipliers, constraint changes, and incomplete data in structural models
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Models for learning data. Paper presented at the Conference on Best Methods for the Analysis of Change, University of Southern California
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LISREL VI: Analysis of linear structural relationships by maximum likelihood, instrumental variables, and least squares methods [Computer program]
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Joreskog, K. G., & Sorbom, D. (1 984). LISREL VI: Analysis of linear structural relationships by maximum likelihood, instrumental variables, and least squares methods [Computer program]. Mooresville, IN: Scientific Software.
Choosing a multivariate model: Noncentrality and goodness of fit A generalsystem forpath analysis with latentvariables. Unpublished masters thesis Model modification
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McDonald, R. P., & Marsh, H. W. (in press). Choosing a multivariate model: Noncentrality and goodness of fit. Psychological Bulletin. J. Steiger Mels, G. (1989). A generalsystem forpath analysis with latentvariables. Unpublished masters thesis. University of South Africa, Department of Statistics, Pretoria, South Africa. Sorbom, D. (1989). Model modification. Psychometrika, 54, 371-384.
EZPATH:A supplementarymoduleforSYSTATandSYGRAPH
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Statistically-based tests for the number of common factors. Paper presented at the annual Spring meeting of the Psychometric Society
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