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Quantification pollution level (PM10) using Sunphotometer AOT
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A diurnal daytime aerosol optical thickness (AOT) with water vapour was measured using MICROTOPS-II Sunphotometer. Particulate matter PM10 was measured using APM 541 PM 10 particulate sampler during 2009 and 2010. Maximum AOT was observed during morning hours and minimum AOT during evening hours. The AOT values showed decreasing trend with higher wavelength recorded by MICROTOPS-II Sunphotometer and short wavelength showed more AOT. The water vapour content followed the same trend as AOT which remained minimum during evening hours and maximum in morning hours, showing positive correlation with AOT. Monthly results showed that AOT of Anand site were higher in March and lower in May. The average water column and PM10 for two years were 2.78 cm and 75.3µg/m 3 respectively at Anand. The average water column and PM10 for two year period were 2.93 cm and 115.9 µg/m 3 respectively at Vadodara. The AOT values and PM10 remained higher in Vadodara than in Anand.
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semi-arid region, is of very complex nature as the crop yield is the culmination of many temporal plant processes which is affected by various external factors related to soil and weather, as the climate or weather of a region or locality which fall under rainfed regions have limited access to irrigation as rainfall is highly unreliable, both in time and space, with strong risks of dry spells at critical growth stages even during good rainfall years has a great influence on available water use which is linked to crop transpiration affecting the crop growth and yield. Therefore, water requirement satisfaction varies with the type of crop and environmental conditions as water is indispensible for crop growth and rainfall is the most important source of water for crop production. Better utilization of water which includes rainfall, surface water and ground water on the crop water requirement for HIND INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
As a part of Indian Space Research Organization's RESPOND programme, a study has been carried out on clear sky days of the winter months December 2005 and January 2006. Spectral Aerosol Optical Thicknesses (AOT) were measured with a MICROTOPS II sun photometer at four sites of specific topography: a hill top, busy downtown, a calm water bed, and university campus with greenery. These sites are situated within the urban agglomeration of Mysore, a low latitude (12.3°N) continental location. Daytime decreasing trend in AOT was observed. Forenoon-afternoon asymmetry was exhibited at all the sites. These features were also found to be site-specific in nature. The present work focuses on the characteristics of atmospheric aerosols at different sites located in and around Mysore City. The future interest is to cover some more sites around Mysore City having varied aerosol characteristics.
A significant fraction of the total number of particles present in the atmosphere is formed originally by nucleation from the gas phase. Binary nucleation of sulphuric acid and water, ternary nucleation of sulphuric acid, water and ammonia and ion-induced nucleation are thought to be the most important aerosol nucleation processes in the atmosphere. Within the last two decades, instrumentation to observe and characterize nucleation has improved greatly and numerous observations of nucleation have been made including quantification of the nucleation rate, characterization of the growth process and first chemical characterizations of the freshly formed particles. Nucleation has been observed at many different places in the atmosphere: in the boundary layer, in the free troposphere, in remote locations, in coastal areas, in boreal forests as well as urban areas and pollution plumes. In most cases gaseous sulphuric acid is assumed to be the key precursor gas. After nucleation, other supersaturated substances, especially low vapour pressure organics often take part in the subsequent aerosol growth. Iodine oxides seem to be responsible for nucleation observed in some coastal areas.