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An overview of Aphyllophorales (wood rotting fungi) from India

January 2013

January 2013
2(12):112-139

Authors:

Pune District Education Associations Annasaheb Magar Mahavidyalaya, Hadapsar

During field and literature surveys, a rich mycobiota was observed in the vegetation of India. The heavy rainfall and high humidity favours the growth of Aphyllophoraceous fungi. The present work materially adds to our knowledge of Poroid and Non-Poroid Aphyllophorales from all over India. A total of more than 190 genera of 52 families and total 1175 species of from poroid and non-poroid Aphyllophorales fungi were reported from Indian literature till 2012.The checklist gives the total count of aphyllophoraceous fungal diversity from India which is also a valued addition for comparing aphyllophoraceous diversity in the world.

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Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci

(201

2(12):

112

139

112

Review

Article

An overview of Aphyllophorales (wood rotting fungi) from India

Kiran Ramchandra Ranadive

Waghire College, Saswad, Tal

Purandar, Dist. Pune, Maharashtra (India)

Corresponding author

A B S T R A C T

Introduction

Aphyllophorales order was proposed by

Rea, after Patouillard, for Basidiomycetes

having macroscopic basidiocarps in which

the hymenophore is flattened

(Thelephoraceae), club-like

(Clavariaceae), tooth-like (Hydnaceae) or

has the hymenium lining tubes

(Polyporaceae) or some times on lamellae,

the poroid or lamellate hymenophores

being tough and not fleshy as in the

Agaricales. Traditionally the order has had

a core of four families based on

hymenophore shape, as described above,

but recent detailed microscopic studies of

basidiocarp structure has shown these

groupings to be unnatural and the

taxonomy of the order is at present in a

state of flux. Donk (1964), who

recognized 22 families are now followed,

(Hawksworth

et al.

1991). Keys to

550 spp.

in culture are recognized by Stalper.

(Stalper,

1978).

Much of the literature of the order is based

on the traditional family groupings and as

under the current re-arrangements, one

family may exhibit several different types

of hymenophore (e.g. Gomphaceae has

effuse, clavarioid, hydnoid and

cantharelloid hymenophores). Reference

to the literature is complicated because

information about the genera of any one

family may occur in apparently unrelated

monographs. The Aphyllophorales were

not recognized as distinct group by the

early workers like Linneaus (1753).

Linneaus in Species

plantarum

(1753),

which is considered the starting point of

all botanical and now also fungal

nomenclature (Staflue, 1983) used Boletus

ISSN: 2319

-7706

Volume

Number 12

(201

) pp.

112

139

http://

www.ijcmas.com

Keywords

Fungi;

Aphyllophorales;

Basidiomycetes;

semi

evergreen

forest.

During field and literature surveys, a rich mycobiota was observed in the

vegetation of India. The heavy rainfall and high humidity favours the growth of

Aphyllophoraceous fungi. The present work materially adds to our knowledge of

Poroid and Non-Poroid Aphyllophorales from all over India. A total of more than

190 genera of 52 families and total 1175 species of from poroid and non-

poroid

Aphyllophorales fungi were reported from Indian literature till 2012.The checklist

gives the total count of aphyllophoraceous fungal diversity from India which is also

a valued addit

ion for comparing aphyllophoraceous diversity in the world.

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci

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113

for all fungi with tubes or pores. He

described 12 species belonging to the

family Polyporaceae.

Persoon (1801) was the first to segregate

the lamellate and poroid fungi. The fungi

now classified in the Aphyllophorales

were placed by Persoon (1801) in the

order

Hymenothecii.

This order contained

all the Basidiomycetes except the

Gasteromycetes and some Ascomycetes

with which the Tremellales were placed in

Helvelloidei

(Discomycetes). The order

Hymenothecii was based on the hymenial

configuration. The sub-order

Agaricoidei

contained

species with a lamellate

(

Amanita

and

Agaricus

) or veined

hymenophores (

Merulius

). The species

with a tubulate or poroid hymenophore

were classified under the sub-order

Boletoidei

and included the

Daedalea

and

Boletus

. The sub-

order

Hydnoidei

had a

toothed

hymenophore

and contained

Sistotrema

and

Hydnum

. Species with an

even to papillate or warted

hymenium

were classified in sub-order

Gymnodermata

, which included the

genus

Thelephora

and

Merisma. Finally

the species with fleshy elongate

basidiocarps with a pileus and stipe were

placed in the sub-

order

Clavaeformes

with the genus

Clavaria

and

Geoglossum.

Persoon (1801) in his monumental work of

Synopsis methodica fungorum , which

marks the beginning of the taxonomy of

the Hymenomycetes, mentioned over 70

ecies of the Polyporaceous fungi.

Fries (1821) in his

Systema

Mycologicum

accepted two genera for

the polypores. His concepts were based on

the type of hymenophore (basidiocarps).

Fries created the sub-order

Pileati

, which

included the genera such as

Agaricus

Schizophyllum, Daedalea,

Merulius

Favolus

as the sub-genera of the genus

Polyporus

, Later,

Favolus

was raised by

him (Fries, 1828) to the generic status.

Fries recognized eight genera in total. But

soon the workers realised the necessity of

seg

regating Fries s artificial and

heterogenous group into more natural

ones. Berkeley (1839) was probably the

best amongst the old masters who did his

observations without the microscopic aids,

which were available to his successors.

Karsten (1881 and 1889) and Bresadola

(1897) have used microscopic characters

in their description of the fungi.

Up to the end of the 19

Century, all these

classifications were based on macro-

morphological features of the sporophore.

Patouillard (1900) was the first mycologis

who used microscopic characters for the

delimitation of higher taxa. In his

Essai

Taxonomique , Patouillard made

groupings in polypores on the basis of

such characters as detailed hyphal

morphology, structure of the pileus and

characters of basidia, spores and cystidia.

He divided the Basidiomycetes into

Homobasidiomycetes with secondary

spores and the Heterobasidiomycetes

without secondary spores. The

Heterobasidiomycetes were further

subdivided according to the septation of

the basidia. Species with tr

ansversely

septate basidia were classified in the

Auriculariaceae, species with

longitudinally septate basidia in the

Tremellaceae, and species with aseptate

basidia in the Tulasnellaceae and

Caloceraceae.

The Homobasidiomycetes had non-

septate

basidia a

nd were divided into four families

as follows the parasitic Exobasidiaceae,

the gymnocarpous Aphyllophoraceae, the

hemiangiocarpous

Agaricaceae

and the

angiocarpous

Gasteromycetaceae.

Patoulillard divided the Aphyllophoraceae

into two tribes namely:

The C

lavariales:

Having an erect

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basidiocarp which could be simple,

branched or dendroid but never pileate or

with amphigenous hymenium. The

Porohydnales:

Having a resupinate

pileate, sessile or stipitate basidiocarp

and hymenium underneath the cap. The

Por

ohydnales are subdivided into four sub

tribes, based on the form of hymenophore

which is cupulate in the Cyphellales, even

to warted in the Odonties, poroid in the

Pores, and toothed in the Hydne.

British mycologists, Berkeley (1839)

described about five hundred and sixty

polypores. It was rather difficult to survey

the group and no comprehensive flora had

been written for any country. Prof. Murrill

(1903

1915) felt the need for a manual of

the American species and was a pioneer of

the long series

Polypo

raceae of North

America

(1903 1908). Patouillard s

system was also adopted by Bourdot and

Galzin (1928), in their classical manual.

They realised that several species which

they considered to be closely related, had

to be placed in different groups. Donk

(1931, 1933) also fundamentally used the

Patouillardian system but his generic

concepts were mainly based on

microscopical characters. Donk (1960) in

his work considered the taxonomic status

of all published genera until then. It has

resulted in establishment of many

monotypic genera. His work is based on

Patouillard, Murrill and Berkeley, who

studied Aphyllophorales from different

parts of the world. Corner (1932 a, b)

distinguished three possible types of

hyphae which may be present in the

basidiocarps, n

amely,

generative, skeletal

and

binding

hyphae. Corner introduced the

concept of

hyphal

system

and thus

opened a new era in the field of modern

taxonomy.

The major significance of Corner s

findings was first realized by Cunningham

who applied Corner s system in his paper

Notes on classification of Polyporaceae

(1946). Later, in a series of publications he

emphasized the value of thorough analysis

of hyphal systems in the better

understanding of a species. Donk s series

on resupinate Hymenomycetes (1954,

1956 a, 1956 b, 1957, 1958) and

Eriksson s studies on resupinate

Aphyllophorales of the Muddus National

Park in Sweden (1958), greatly altered the

generic delimitation within the

Corticiaceae. Boidin (1958 b, 1959 a, b)

published three essays on the gen

Stereum

and redescribed a number of

genera.

Lowe, monographed the American species

Fomes

(1957),

Poria

(1966),

Tyromyces

(1975), Reid (1965) monographed the

stipitate steroid fungi of the world. Mass-

Geesteranus revised many of the hydnoid

fungi of the Eastern old world (1971). The

monographs by Eriksson of the genus

Peniophora

(1950), of

Aleurodiscus

Parmasto s

(1968)

Systematic Survey of

the Corticiaceae

together with the

voluminous work of Eriksson and

Ryvarden on the Corticiaceae of

North

Europe

(1973, 1975, 1976) were

important contributions to our knowledge

of this group of Basidiomycetes. Talbot in

his earlier work studied many specimens

of Aphyllophorales from tropical countries

which initiated him to publish the classical

work of

Stu

dy of some South African

resupinate Hymenomycetes

(1951). He

published a review paper entitled

Micro

morphology of Lower Hymenomycetes

(1954).

This paper concerned with macro and

micro

-morphological characters of

Aphyllophorales, is still considered as an

important literature in understanding the

sexual, accessory and hyphal configuration

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of basidiocarp of Aphyllophorales. Many

regional floristic studies were carried out

during the last 50 years and these provided

a basis for a more sound and natural

classification for Aphyllophorales. Donk

(1964) reviewed all the progress and

proposed a new conspectus for the

families of

Aphyllophorales

. Parmasto

(1968) discussed inter-relationships in

Corticiaceae and related families.

Taxonomy of Aphyllophorales is still in a

state of flux, as a result, Gilbertson (1980)

made an effort to develop a system based

on phylogeny. Generic monographs on

Aphyllophorales published by Gilbertson

(1977

-1978), Ginns (1982), Julich (1984)

and also type species studies have rev

ealed

a lot of ambiguity in confirming the status

of old traditional species. But very

recently good effort has been taken by

Kim S.Y. and Jung H.S. in 2000 on the

Phylogenetic classification of the

Aphyllophorales was conducted based on

the analysis of nuclear small subunit

ribosomal RNA gene (nuc SSU rDNA)

sequences. Based on phylogenetic

groupings and taxonomic characters, 16

families were recognized and discussed.

Although many of the characters had more

or less homoplasies, microscopic

characters such as the mitic system and

clamp, spore amyloidity and rot type

appeared to be important in the

classification of the Aphyllophorales.

Phylogenetically significant families were

newly defined to improve the

classification of the order

Aphyllophorales. (Kim and Jung,

2000)Till the end of 19

century all the

studies on Aphyllophorales were based on

external morphological features of

basidiocarps (Persoon, 1801; Fries, 1821).

Patouillard (1900) was a pioneer worker to

bring about a change in this trend of

resea

rch by introducing microscopical

characters in taxonomic study.

The present work deals with the species

studied from the family Corticiaceae with

non-poroid hymenium, Polyporaceae and

Hymenochaetaceae with poroid

hymenium. The external morphology of

the

basidiocarps of non-poroid and poroid

Aphyllophorales differ from each other.

The morphology of non-

poroid

Aphyllophorales was studied by Prof.

Talbot and he published a review

Micro

morphology of the lower

Hymenomycetes

(1954 a), while the

morphology of poroid Aphyllophorales

was published by Gilbertson and Ryvarden

(1986) in North American Polypores,

Vol. I

. The delimitations of the

Aphyllophorales from the Agaricales and

the Termellales has not yet been definitely

established (Bondarzew and Singer, 1

941;

Oberwinkler, 1972) and the position of

genera such as

Polyporus,

Pleurotus,

Lentinellus

, Ceratobasidium

and

Tulasnella

is still a matter of dispute

(Oberwinkler, 1972; Roy 1976).

The literature on the Aphyllophorales is

vast and can be conveniently divided into

four major parts according to its period:

PART

-1:This part mainly consists of the

work of Linneaus (1753), Persoon (1801),

Fries (1849) and Cooke (1886). Their

work mainly deals with the broad external

characters (features) of these fungi, on

the

basis of which they are broadly classified

into different groups.

PART

During this

period (1881 to 1930), workers like

Bresadola (1881 to 1900 and 1897);

Karsten (1881 and 1889), Patouillard

(1900), Llyod (1898-1925), Murrill

(1915); studied for the first time the

microscopic characters of these fungi and

divided them into many traditional genera;

into monotypic and other genera.

PART

This part is of major activities, Corner

(1932

-1953) and Cunningham (1945-

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1963) brought out the significance of th

hyphal organization in the identification of

the fungi, belonging to the

Aphyllophorales.

PART

- 4:This part

consists of current works of Eriksson

(1958); Donk (1964); Roy (1971-

1987);

Pegler (1973 a.b); Hjortstam (1973-1988

);

Eriksson and Ryvarden (1973, 1975,

1976); Gilbertson (1977-

1978);

Rajchenberg (1987 a,b) etc. , which deals

in detail with the external and internal

characters, chemical reactions, hyphal

structures of the basidiocarps under natural

and culture conditions. This leads to an

understand

ing of the phylogenetic

affinities among the members of

Aphyllophorales.

Role of Aphyllophorales:

Polypore fungi from Aphyllophorales

are

the major source of biologically active

natural products among the species of the

diverse fungal phylum Basidomycota

Several species like

Trametes

versicolor

Laetiporus

sulphureus

and several species

Ganoderma

provide a rich variety of

active secondary metabolites and

polysaccharides. Several new chemical

compounds isolated from polypores

are

proved to have significant antimicrobial

activities

showing new antibiotics.

Sclerotia, the long-lived underground

resistant mycelial structures of polypores

such as

Grifola

umbellata and

Wolfiporia

cocos, also are good sources of secondary

metabolites. Polysaccharide fractions of

many polypores have shown remarkable

anticancer effects in vivo through

potentiation and stimulation of the entire

immune system. Another neglected area of

research in relation to the secondary

metabolites of Basidiomycetes is the

difference in production of different

compounds in different life history states,

the mycelium and basidiocarp. Of

biologically active compounds from

Basidiomycetes, a number from

Aphyllophorales (polypores) have found

their way to the market In Japan, the

polysaccharide anticancer drug PSK

(Krestin) isolated from polypore

Trametes

versicolor

(as Coriolus versicolor) is on

the market, together with two other drugs

from nonpolyporous wood

decaying fungi:

Lentinan (Enzolen) from Lentinus edodes

(Shiitake), and Schizophyllan (Soni

filan)

from

Schizophyllum

commune

. (

Zjawiony,

2004

Several polysaccharide preparations from

basidiomycetes, including polypores such

Grifola frondosa, Ganoderma lucidum,

and

Trametes versicolor, are in clinical

trials in the People s Republic of Chi

na.

Extracts from numerous Aphyllophorales

are also available all over the world as

nutritional supplements or herbal

remedies. There is an intense interest in

these so-called mushroom nutriceuticals

by consumers. The market value of

mushroom dietary supplement products

from

Ganoderma lucidum species alone

worldwide is estimated to be $5-6 billion

per year, with $1.6 billion for the United

States

(Chang, 1999, Wasser, 2000). The

major research on isolation of

pharmacologically active compounds from

polypo

res, as well as other

Basidiomycetes, comes from Germany,

Japan, Korea, and the People s Republic

of China, the countries with the

historically

best established tradition of the

use of medicinal mushrooms.

Unfortunately, the United States has been

poorly

represented in this research field.

Considering, however, the leading role of

the U.S. in the study of natural products

worldwide, this gap could soon be filled.

The large and well-preserved natural

resources of North America, with a rich

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diversity of higher fungi, including

polypores, makes a good base for more

extensive research on the isolation and

biological evaluation of natural products

from

mushrooms.

(

Zjawiony, 2004

)

National and International work on

Aphyllophorales:

Studies on Aphyllophorales were initiated

along with the launch of studies on Indian

fungi. The first Indian record of a member

of the Aphyllophorales can be traced to

Koltzsch (1832) in his paper on Indian

Polyporaceae. Later Berkeley (1839)

described a few Indian polypores which

were collected by W. J. Hooker. During

the first quarter of the 20

century, Massee

(1901, 1906, 1908 and 1910) published

several accounts of Indian fungi based on

collections sent to Kew Herbarium by

several workers, notably by Sir Butler

(1905a, b, c, d and 1918). Several Indian

Aphyllophorales were also reported by

Lloyd (1898 1924) and Sydow et al.,

(1906, 1907, 1911, 1912, 1916). Theissen

(1913 a, b) reported many poroid

Aphyllophorales collected from the

Bombay presidency by Blatter. S. R. Bose

(1919

, 1923, 1924, 1925 and 1927) was

the first Indian mycologist to provide a

comprehensive account of the Indian

polypores which he collected from Bengal

and its surroundings.

Sundaramani and Madurajan (1925)

reported several members of Polyporaceae

from Madras, and by 1925 there were

more than 300 reports on the

Aphyllophorales. Butler and Bisby (1931)

made a compilation of the Indian fungi in

their classic work The Fungi of India .

This important work stimulated the study

of Indian fungi including Aphyllo

phorales.

Our knowledge about the Indian

Aphyllophorales increased by the

contributions of Bagchee and Bakshi

(1950) Bagchee et al. (1954), Bakshi

(1958, 1971), Bakshi et al. (1963), Puri

(1956), Ramakrishan (1959), Rehill and

Bakshi (1965), Welden (1965), Reeves

al.

(1967), Thind (1973, 1975), Sathe and

Rahalker (1977), Rattan (1977), Thind and

Dhanda (1978), Thind and Dhanda 1978

a), Anjali Roy (1979, 1981, 1981a, b,

1982, 1983, 1984, 1987), Harsh (1982),

Natarajan and Raman (1980), Natarajan

and Kolandavelu (1985),Vaidya (1987)

Vaidya and Bhor (1990) Vaidya et al.

(1991), Vaidya and Rabba (1993 a, b),

Rabba (1994), Sharma (1995) and Nanda,

M. K. (1996).

Leelavathy and Ganesh (2000) published

details of 80 species of polypores

belonging to 32 genera from three families

(Ganodermataceae, Hymenochaetaceae

and Polyporaceae) in the book Polypores

of Kerala . The earliest reports of

hymenochaetaceous fungi from India date

back to Montagne (1842, 1846), Lloyd

(1898

1925) and Theissen (1911). Later

papers were published by Bose (1924,

1925, 1934, 1946), Bagchee et al. (1954),

Bagchee (1961), Bagchee and Bakshi

(1950), Bagchee and Singh (1954), Bakshi

(1955), Bakshi et al. (1963), Banerjee

(1935), Ganesh and Leelavathy (1986),

Lowe (1963 a, b), Pegler (1966, 1967 a,

b), Roy (1979), Ryvarden and Dhanda

(1975), Sharma (1993 a, b), Sharma and

Ghose (1989), Thind and Adalkha (1956),

Thind and Chatrath (1960), Thind and

Dhanda (1978 a), Thind and Rattan (1971

a, b, c , 1973 a, b) and Thind et al. (1970).

Rattan (1977) published a book entitled

The Resupinate Aphyllophorales of the

North Western Himalayas . A good piece

of work was done by Sharma (1995) on

Hymenochaetaceae of India . Special

efforts were taken to publish the book

entitled Genera of Indian Polypores by

Sharma (2000), who gave an idea about

the diversity of polypores from India.

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The manual entitled Polyporaceae of

India by Anjali Roy and De Asit (1996)

was based on exhaustive studies on fungi

belonging to the family Polyporaceae

collected from different parts of India

during the preceding 40 years. Studies on

resupinate Aphyllophorales were initiated

along with the launch of studies on Indian

fungi. Later Hennings (1901) published

Fungi India Orientalis . However, in

comparison with the work on non-

poroid

resupinate Aphyllophorales in the other

states of India, there is very little

information available on this group in the

state of Maharashtra, particularly from

Western Ghats. In fact, study of non-

poroid resupinate Aphyllophorales largely

remain

ed neglected and there were only a

few incidental reports of their occurrence.

The first serious study was made by

Bagchee and Bakshi (1954) who described

14 species. Six more species were

described by Thind and Adalakha (1956).

Reid

et al. (1958) and Rehill and Bakshi

(1965, 1966) in their generic monographs

recognised one species of

Peniophora

seven species of

Corticium

and 18 species

Stereum

as validly reported from the

area, while four more species were added

by Thind and Rattan (1971 a, b). In

add

ition, there are other scattered reports

of a few species in such genera as

Pellicularia

Hymenochaete

, and

Coniophora

. Thind and Rattan (1968,

1970, 1971 a, b, c, 1972, 1973 a, b)

described 59 species (under

Thelephoraceae) including 36 new records

and 6 new species while Thind and Khara

1968) and Khara (1978 a, b) recorded 24

more species (under Hydnaceae) including

one new species, from the North Western

Himalayas.

A few additions were made by Natarajan

and Kolandavelu (1985 and 1998) on

resupinate Aphyllophorales from South

India, Naik-Vaidya CD. (1990) on wood

rotting fungi from Karnala and

Kankeshwar, Rabba (1994) on the genus

Phellinus

from Maharashtra and Nanda M.

K. (1996) on wood rotting fungi from

Bhimashankar. The bibliography includes

those references which were used for

identification of genera and species

mentioned in the checklist. Good amount

of contribution was made on resupinate

Aphyllophorales by Hakimi (2008).

Taxonomy and diversity of

Ganoderma

from Western Parts of Maharashtra has

bee

n studied by Bhosale

et al.

(2010).

The check list giving complete

Aphyllophorales diversity data from

Western Ghats of Maharashtra State has

been done by Ranadive et al. (2011).

Sizable amount of data has been published

under title Resupinate Aphyllopho

rales

India

by Hakimi et al.2013 The host

Distribution

Phellinus

has been

elaborated in the paper entitled Host

Distribution

Phellinus

from India

Ranadive

et al.2012. The complete

literature survey of Indian

Aphyllophorales was taken by Ranadi

(2012) in the form of Indian

Aphyllofungal database i. e IAD which

has been published on the website

www.fungifromindia.com

in the Database

section.

Types of forest in India

India is a large and diverse country. Its

land area includes regions with some of

the world's highest rainfall to very dry

deserts, coast line to alpine regions, river

deltas to tropical islands. The variety and

distribution of forest vegetation is large:

there are 600 species of

hardwoods,

including

sal

(Shorea robusta). India is

one of the 12 mega biodiverse regions of

the world. Indian forests types include

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tropical evergreens, tropical deciduous,

swamps, mangroves, sub-tropical,

montane, scrub, sub-alpine and alpine

forests. These forests support a variety of

ecosystems with diverse flora and fauna.

(Wikipaedia, 2013)

Table

Specieswise dominance of the Genera

No.

Name of the Genus

Number of species

Hyphoderma

Junghuhnia

Rigidoporus

Antrodia

Peniophora

Coltricia

Hyphodontia

Perenniporia

Tomentella

Phanerochaete

Coriolopsis

Fomitopsis

Oxyporus

Hexagonia

Daedalea

Lenzites

Inonotus

Hymenochaete

Polystictus

Ganoderma

Trametes

Phellinus

205

Figure.

1 Species wise dominated genera

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Table 2 Species

wise dominance of Families

Figure.2

Species wise

dominated family

Table.3

List of Aphyllophorales from India

Abortiporus biennis (Bull, Fr.) Sing.1944

Acanthophysium aberrans G.Cunningham,

G.Cunningham.1963

Acanthophysium apricans Bourdot, G.Cunningham.1963

Albatrellus cantharellus (Lloyd) Pouz

., Ceska.1972

Albatrellus confluens (Alb.,Schw. ex Fr.) Kotl.,Pouz.1957

Albatrellus dispansus (Lloyd) Canf.,Gilbn.1971

Aleurodiscus aberrans G.Cunningham.1956

Aleurodiscus cremeus Patouillard.1915

Aleurodiscus oakesii (Berk.,Curt.) Hoehn.,Litsch.1907

Aleur

odiscus taxicola Thind,Rattan.1973

Amauroderma camerarium (Berk.) J.Furtado.1968

Amauroderma leptopus (Pers.) J.Furtado.1967

Amauroderma pudens (Berk.) Ryv.1977

Amauroderma rude (Berk.) Torrend.1920

Amauroderma rugosum (Nees.) Bose.1937

Amauroderma subresi

nosum (Murr.) Corner.1983

Amphinema byssoides (Fr.) Erikss.1958

Amylocorticium cebennense Bourdot,Pouzar1959

Amylocorticium indicum Thind,Rattan.1972

Amylocorticium olivaceoalbum (Bourdot,Galzin)

Boidin,Lang,Gilles.1997

Amylocystis sericeomollis (Romell) T

eixeira.1992

Amylosporomyces camelicolor Khara.1988

Amylosporomyces echinosporus S.S. Rattan 1977

Amylosporus bracei (Murrill) A.David, Rajchenberg.1985

Amylosporus campbellii (Berk.) Ryv.1977

Amylostereum chailletii (Pers. ex Fr.) Boidin.1958

Amylostereum

laevigatum (Fries) Boidin.1958

Anomoporia dumontii Hjortstam,Ryvarden.1987

Antrodia albida (Fr.) Donk.1966

Antrodia carbonica (Overh.) Ryv.,Gilbn.1984

Antrodia crassa (Karst.) Ryv.1973

Antrodia daedaliformis (Henn.) Ryv.1980

Antrodia gossypina (Speg.) Ryv

.1973

Antrodia lenis (Karst.) Ryv.1973

No.

Name of the Family

Number of the species

Hydnodontaceae

Bondarzewiaceae

Meripilaceae

Lachnocla

diaceae

Thelephoraceae

Peniophoraceae

Schizoporaceae

Phanerochaetaceae

Stereaceae

Ganodermataceae

Fomitopsidaceae

Meruliaceae

112

Hymenochaetaceae

354

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112

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121

Antrodia odora (Peck

Sacc.) Gilbn.,Ryv.1985

Antrodia oleracea (Davids,Lomb.) Ryv.1980

Antrodia rhizomorpha (Bag.) Sharma 2000

Antrodia serialis (Fr.) Donk1966

Antrodia sitchensis (Baxt.) Gilbn.,Ryv.1985

Antrodia sor

did Ryv.,Gilbn.1984

Antrodia xantha (Fr.) Ryv.1973

Antrodiella fissiliformis (Pil.) Gilbn.,Ryv.1987

Antrodiella hunua (Cunn.) Ryv.1980

Antrodiella liebmanii (Fr.) Ryv.1980

Antrodiella minutispora (Reid,Thind,Chatrath) Ryv.1980

Antrodiella overholtsii Ryv.,

Gilbn.1984

Antrodiella semisupina (Berk.,Curt.) Ryv.1980

Antrodiella straminea (Bres.) Ryv.1980

Antrodiella zonata (Berk.) Ryv.1992

Aporopium hexagonoides David.,Jacq.1976

Asterostroma cervicolor (Berk.,Curt.)

Massee1889

Asterostroma muscicola (Berk. & M.A

. Curtis) Massee

1889

Athelia acrospora Julich1972

Athelia decipiens (Hohn.,Litsch.) Erikss.1958

Athelia epiphylla Pers.1822

Athelia fibulata Christ 1960

Aurificaria flammans (Berk.) Ryv.1977

Aurificaria indica(Massee) Reid.1963

Aurificaria luteoumbrina (

Romell) D.A. Reid 1963

Aurificaria poncei (Lloyd) Reid.1963

Aurificaria shoreae (Wakf.) Ryv.1977

Auriporia aurea (Peck) Ryvarden1973

Auriporia aurulenta A.David,Tortic,Jelic.1975

Basidioradulum evolvens (Fr.) Parm.1968

Basidioradulum radula (Fries) Nobles1967

Bjerkendera adusta (Willd. ex Fr.) Karst.1897

Bjerkendera fumosa (Pers. ex Fr.) Karst.1879

Bjerkendera sp.

Boidinia furfuracea (Bresadola) Stalpers,Hjortstam1982

Boletopsis subsquamosa (Fr.) Kotl.,Pouz.1957

Bondarzewia berkeleyi (Fr.) Bond.,Sing.1941

Bondarzewia mesenterica (Schaeff.) Kreisel.1984

Botryobasidium candicans Erikss.1958

Botryobasidium subbotryosum Rattan. 1977

Botryobasidium subcoronatum (Hoehn.,Litsch.) Donk.1931

Botryohypochnus anomalus Hjortstam1983

Botryohypochnus isabellinus (Fr.) Er

ikss.1958

Byssomerulius corium (Pers.: Fr.) Parm.1967

Candelabrochaete verruculosa Hjortstam.1983

Cantharellulaum bonata (Fr.) Singer

Cantharellus sp.

Cantharellus violicolor Corner. 1966

Cejpomyces terrigenus (Bresadola) Svrcek,Pouzar1970

Ceraceomyces f

ibuliger (K.S.Thind & S.S. Rattan) S.S.

Rattan1977

Ceraceomyces reidii (Thind,Rattan) Rattan.1977

Ceraceomyces tessulatus (Cooke) Julich.1972

Ceratobasidium subatratum Rattan. 1977

Ceriporia leptoderma (Berk.,Br.) Ryv.1980

Ceriporia mellea (Berk.,Br.) Ryv.

1978

Ceriporia purpurea (Fr.) Donk.1971

Ceriporia viridians (Berk.,Br.) Donk.1933

Ceriporia xylostromatoides (Berk.) Ryv. & Johan.1980

Ceriporiopsis gilvescens (Bres.) Dom.1963

Ceriporiopsis mucida (Pers. : Fr.) Gilbn.,Ryv.1985

Ceriporiopsis ruvulosa (Berk

.,Curt.) Gilbn.,Ryv.1986

Cerrena leonine (Klotzsch) De1986

Cerrena meyenii (Kl.) Hansen1960

Cerrena unicolor (Bull. ex. Fr.) Murr.1903

Chaetoderma luna (Rom.) Parm.1968

Chondrostereum himalaicum (Thind,Rattan) Rattan.1977

Chondrostereum purpureum (Fr.) Pou

z.1959

Clavaria lilacina (Mont.) Berk.1976

Clavaria sp.

Clavilunopsis corniculata (Fr.) Corner

Clavilunopsis dichotoma (God.) Corn.

Climacocystis borealis (Fr.) Kotl.,Pouz.,Ceska.1958

Coltricia bambusicola (Henn.) Reid.1975

Coltricia cinnamomea (Pers.) Mu

rr.1904

Coltricia focicola (Berk.,Curt.) Murr.1908

Coltricia montagnei (Fr.) Murr.1920

Coltricia perennis (L. : Fr.) Murr.1903

Coltricia pusilla Sharma et Wright.1989

Coltricia pyrophila (Wakf.) Ryv.1972

Coltricia spathulata (Hook.) Murr.1908

Coltricia val

lata (Berk.) Teng1964

Coltricia vellata (Berk.) Teng1964

Confertobasidium olivaceoalbum (Bourd.,Galz.) Julich1972

Coniophora arida (Fr.) Karst.1882

Coniophora betulae Karst.1896

Coniophora cordensis Rattan.1977

Coniophora dimitiella Rattan.1977

Coniophora

olivascens (Berk.,Curt.) Mass.1889

Coniophora puteana (Schum.: Fr.) Karst.1968

Coriolopsis aspera (Jungh.) Teng1964

Coriolopsis brunneo

leuca (Berk.) Ryv.1972

Coriolopsis caperata (Berk.) Murr.1908

Coriolopsis floccose (Jungh.) Ryv.1972

Coriolopsis gallica

(Fr.) Ryv.1973

Coriolopsis occidentalis (KI.) Murr.1905

Coriolopsis polyzona (Pers.) Ryv.1972

Coriolopsis proteus (Berk.) Dutta Roy1988

Coriolopsis sanguinaria (Kl.) Teng1964

Coriolopsis sprucei (Berk.) A. Roy & A. Mitra 1986

Coriolopsis strumosa (Fr.) R

yv.1976

Coriolopsis telfarii (Kl.) Ryv.1972

Coriolopsis tinctoria Murrill.1988

Coriolopsis zeylanicus (Berk.) Roy & De.1843

Coriolus versicolor (Fr. ex Fr.) Quel.1990

Corticium rolfsi Curzi 1932

Corticium salmonicolor Berk.,Br.1873

Cristelloporia dimitica

I.Johansen,Ryvarden1979

Cristinia helvetica (Pers.) Parmasto1968

Cristinia mucida (Bourd.,Galz.) Erikss.,Ryv.1975

Crustoderma dryinum (Berk.,Curt.) Paron1985

Cyclomyces andamani Berk.1891

Cyclomyces setiporus (Berk.) Pat.1900

Cyclomyces tabacinus (Mont.) P

at.1900

Cyclomyces turbinatus Berk.1854

Cystoderma carcharias (Pers. ex Seor.) Fayodex Auct.1983

Cystostereum murrayi (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Pouzar 1959

Dacryobolus costratus (Rehill & B.K. Bakshi) S.S. Rattan

1977

Dacryobolus karstenii (Bres.)

Overw. ex P

arm.1968

Dacryobolus sudans (Fr.) Fr.1849

Daedalea africanaRyvarden, I.Johansen1980

Daedalea andamani Berk 1891

Daedalea bosei Lloyd1922

Daedalea cprucei Berk.1856

Daedalea cubensis (Mont.) Ryv.1982

Daedalea dickinsii Yasuda.1992

Daedalea emodensis Berk.1854

Daedalea flavida Lev.1844

Daedalea gollani Massee.1908

Daedalea hobsoni Berk.1872

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Daedalea incana (Lev.) Ryv.1988

Daedalea ostreiformis (Berk.)

De1981

Daedalea pruinosa Lev.1844

Daedalea quercina (L.)

Pers. 1801

Daedalea roseola (Pat. & Har.) Roy & De 1900

Daedalea sepium (Berk.) Aoshima.1967

Daedalea serialis (Fr.) Aoshima.1967

Daedalea sinulosa Klotzsch.1838

Daedalea stereoides Fr.1851

Daedalea suberosa Massee 1906

Daedalea subsulcata Berk. and Broome.1875

Daedalea sulcata (Berk.) Ryv.1977

Daedalea te

nuis Berk.1842

Daedalea unicolor (Bull.) Fries.1821

Daedalea xantha (Fr.) Roy & De 1815

Daedaleopsis confragosa (Bolt.: Fr.) Schroet.1888

Daedaleopsis flavida (Lev.) Roy & Mitra 1984

Daedaleopsis nipponica Imazeki.1943

Daedaleopsis pergamenea (Berk., Br.)

Ryv.1984

Daedaleopsis purpurea(Cke.) Imaz., Aoshima 1966

Datronia mollis (Sommerf. ex Fr.) Donk.1966

Dendrothele incrustans (Lemke) 1965

Dentipellis subseparans Khara, Rattan.1977

Dichomitus leucoplacus (Berk.) Ryv.1977

Diplomitoporus hondurensis (Murrill)

Ryvarden.2000

Diplomitoporus lenis (Karst.) Gilbn. & Ryv.1985

Diplomitoporus lindbladii (Berk.) Gilbn. & Ryv.1985

Diplomitoporus rimosus (Murr.)

Gilbn.,Ryv.1985

Earliella scabrosa (Pers.) Gilb. & Ryvarden 1985

Echinodontium japonicum Imazeki.1935

Epithel

e fulva Cunn.1956

Epithele interrupta Bres.,Wild1914

Epithele typhae (Pers.) Pat.1900

Favolus bengala Bose 1922

Favolus boucheanus Klotzsch

Favolus brasiliensis (Fr.) Fr.1830

Favolus jacobaeus Sacc. and Berl.1889

Favolus spathulatus (Jungh.) Lev.1844

avolus tenerrimus Berk.1851

Favolus tessellatus Mont.1843

Fibriciellum silvae

ryae J.Eriksson,Ryvarden1975

Fibrodontia gossy pinaParm.1968

Fistulina hepatica (Schaeff.) With. 1801

Flavodon flavus (Kl.) Ryv.1973

Fomes adamantinus (Berk.) Sacc.1888

Fomes al

bomarginatus (Zipp. ex Lev.) Cooke1885

Fomes allardii Bres.1911

Fomes annosus (Fries) Karst.1879

Fomes badius (Berk.) Cooke1885

Fomes caliginosus Berk.1874

Fomes caryophylli (Racib.) Bres.1912

Fomes cinchonensis (Murr.)

Sacc. and Trott.1912

Fomes conchatus

(Pers. ex Fries) Gill.1878

Fomes conatus (Weinm.) Gill.1878

Fomes dependens (Murr.) Sacc. and Trott.1912

Fomes dochmius (Berk. and Br.) Cooke1885

Fomes durissimus Lloyd.1920

Fomes fasciatus (Sw.) Cooke 1885

Fomes fastuosus (Lev.) Cooke1885

Fomes fomentar

ius (L. ex.

Fr.) Fr.1849

Fomes geotropus Cooke1885

Fomes hemitephrus (Berk.) Cooke1885

Fomes hornodermus Mont.1856

Fomes hypoplastus Berk.1856

Fomes igniarius (L.) Fries.1821

Fomes inamoenus (Mont.) Cooke1885

Fomes lamaoensis (Murrill) Sacc. & Trotter 1912

Fomes leucophaeus Mont.1856

Fomes lignosus (Klotzsch) Bres.1912

Fomes linteus (Berk. and Curt.) Cooke1885

Fomes lividus (Kalchbr.) Sacc.1888

Fomes marginatus Fries1836

Fomes melanoporus (Mont.) Cooke1885

Fomes merrillii (Murr.) Sacc. and Trott.1912

Fomes

moxius

Fomes mutabilis

Fomes noxius Corner1932

Fomes officinalis (Vill. ex Fries) Faull.1916

Fomes ostricoloris Lloyd.1915

Fomes pachyphloeus (Pat.) Bres.1890

Fomes pectinatus (Klotzsch) Gill.1878

Fomes pini (Thore ex Pers.) Lloyd1915

Fomes pinicola (Swa

rtz. ex Fries) Cooke1885

Fomes pseudosenex (Murr.)

Sacc. and Trott.1912

Fomes pudens Berk.1852

Fomes rhabarbarinus Berk.1839

Fomes ribis (Schum. ex Fries) Gill.1878

Fomes robiniae (Murr.) Sacc. and D.Sacc.1905

Fomes robustus Karst.1889

Fomes roseus (Alb. & Schwein.) Fr. 1849

Fomes rudis Berk.1888

Fomes rufolaccatus Bose1921

Fomes sanfordii Lloyd.1915

Fomes sclerodermus (Lev.) Cooke1885

Fomes scruposus (Fr.) G.H.Cunn.1978

Fomes scutellatus (Schw.) Cooke1885

Fomes senex (Nees and Mont.) Cooke1885

Fomes setulo

sus Lloyd1915

Fomes spadiceus Cooke 1885

Fomes sublinteus (Murr.) Sacc. and Trott.1912

Fomes subresinosus Murrill 1908

Fomes thomsonii (Berk.) Cooke 1885

Fomes tricolor (Murrill) Sacc. et Trott 1912

Fomes velutinosus Lloyd 1915

Fomes zealandicus (Cooke) C

ooke 1885

Fomitopsis dochmius (Berk. et Br.) Ryv.1972

Fomitopsis feei (Fr.) Kreisel1971

Fomitopsis hemitephra (Berk.) Cunn.1948

Fomitopsis leonina(Kl.) Pat.1900

Fomitopsis officinalis (Vill. ex Fr.) Bond. et Sing.1941

Fomitopsis palustris (Berk. et. Curt.)

Gilbn. & Ryv.1985

Fomitopsis pinicola (Sw. ex Fr.) Karst.1889

Fomitopsis rhodophaeus (Lev.) Imaz.1943

Fomitopsis rosea (Alb. et Schw. ex Fr.) Karst.1889

Fomitopsis rubidus (Berk.) roy & De.1847

Fomitopsiss cutellata (Schw.) Bond.,Sing.1941

Fomitopsis semi

tostus (Berk.) Ryv.1972

Funalia leonina (Klotzsch) Pat. 1900

Galzinia ellipsospora Rattan 1977

Ganoderma adspersum (Schulz.) Donk 1969

Ganoderma africanum (Lloyd) Doidge1950

Ganoderma ahmadii Steyaert1972

Ganoderma amazonense Weir.1926

Ganoderma amboineuse

(Lam. : Fr.) Pat.1888

Ganoderma applanatum (Pers. ex Wallr) Pat.1889

Ganoderma auctrale (Fr.) Pat.1889

Ganoderma austral (Fr.) Pat.1890

Ganoderma boninense Patouillard1889

Ganodermachalceum var. pleiotrichum Corner1983

Ganoderma chalceum (Cooke) Steyaert1967

Ganoderma colossus (Fr.) C.F. Baker 1918

Ganoderma colosum Pers.

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Ganoderma concinnum Ryvarden 2000

Ganoderma curtisii (Berk.) Murr.1908

Ganoderma dejongii Steyaert 1972

Ganoderma donkii Steyaert 1972

Ganoderma flexipes Pat.1907

Ganoderma fulvellum Bres

adola1889

Ganoderma lipsiense (Batsch) G.F.Atkinson1908

Ganoderma lobatoideum Steyaert1980

Ganoderma lobatum (Schweinitz) G.F.Atkinson1908

Ganoderma lucidum var. lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst. 1881

Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss.) Karst.1881

Ganoderma luteicinctum C

orner1983

Ganoderma microsporum R.S.Hseu1989

Ganoderma mirabile (Lloyd) C.J.Humphrey 1938

Ganoderma multicornum Ryvarden 2000

Ganoderma multiplicatum (Montagne) Patouillard 1889

Ganoderma orbiformum (Fr.) Ryvarden 2000

Ganoderma ostreatum Lazaro Ibiza1916

Ganoderma perzonatum Murrill 1908

Ganoderma pfeifferi Bresadola1889

Ganoderma philippii (Bres. et Henn.)

Bres.1932

Ganoderma praelongum Murrill1908

Ganoderma pseudoboletus (Jacquin) Murrill1902

Ganoderma resinaceum Bourd.1889

Ganoderma sessiliforme Murrill

1912

Ganoderma sp.

Ganoderma stipitatum (Murrill) Murrill1908

Ganoderma subincrustatum Murrill1908

Ganoderma subtornatum Murr.1907

Ganoderma testaceum (Leveille) Patouillard1889

Ganoderma tornatum (Persoon) Bresadola1912

Ganoderma trengganuense Corner1983

Ganoderma trulliforme Steyaert1972

Ganoderma vanheurnii Steyaert1972

Ganoderma weberianum (Bres.,Henn.) Steyaert1972

Ganoderma williamsianum Murrill1907

Ganoderma zonatum Murrill1902

Gloeocystidiellum citrinum (Pers.) Donk.1956

Gloeocystidiellum convolvens

(P. Karsten) Donk1956

Gloeocystidiellum donkii Rattan 1977

Gloeocystidiellum fistulatum (G.Cunningham) Boidin1966

Gloeocystidiellum flammeum Boidin1966

Gloeocystidiellum furfuraceum (Bresadola) Donk1956

Gloeocystidiellum insidiosum (Bourdot,Galzin) Donk1956

Gloeocystidiellum irpiscescens Boidin1966

Gloeocystidiellum kenyense Hjortstam1987

Gloeocystidiellum lactescens (Berk.) Boidin1668

Gloeocystidiellum lacticolor (Bresadola) Stalpers,

Hjortstam1982

Gloeocystidiellum leucoxanthum (Bresadola) Boidin1957

Glo

eocystidiellum luridum (Bresadola) Boidin1951

Gloeocystidiellum luteocystidiatum (P.H.B.Talbot)

Boidin1966

Gloeocystidiellum luteocystidiatum var. brevisporum Rattan

1977

Gloeocystidiellum odontoides Khara1988

Gloeocystidiellum percuriosum Parmasto1968

oeocystidiellum porosellum Hjortstam1984

Gloeocystidiellum porosum (Berkeley, M.A.Curtis)

Donk1931

Gloeocystidiellum sulcatum (Rehill, Bakshi) Boidin1966

Gloeocystidiellum turpe G.W.Freeman1981

Gloeophyllum abietinum (Bull. : Fr.) Karst.1882

Gloeophyllum c

arbonarium (Berk.,Curt.) Ryv.1984

Gloeophyllum imponens (Ces.) Teng.1964

Gloeophyllum sepiarium (Wulfen) P. Karst. 1882

Gloeophyllum striatum (Sw. ex Fr.) Murr.1905

Gloeophyllum subferrugineum (Berk.) Bond. & Sing1941

Gloeophyllum trabeum (Pers. : Fr.) Mur

r.1908

Gloeoporus conchoids Mont1842

Gloeoporus corrugates Berk.1891

Gloeoporus dichrous (Fr.) Bres.1916

Gloeoporus thelephoroides (Hook.) Cunn.1965

Grammothe ledelicatula (Henn.) Ryv.1980

Grammothe lefuligo (Berk.,Br.) Ryv.1979

Grammothe lepulchella (Bres

.) Ryv.1988

Grammothele setulosa (Henn.) Ryvarden 1980

Grammothelopsis puiggarii (Spegazzini)

Rajchenberg,J.E.Wright1987

Grifola frondosa (Fr.) S.F.Gray1821

Griseoporia carbonaria (Berk. et.

Curt.) Ginns.1984

Haploporus albo

citrinus (Petch.)

Ryv.1980

Hapl

oporus nidulans (Fr.) Karst.1881

Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref.1821

Heterobasidion insulare (Murrill) Ryvarden 1972

Heteroporus biennis (Fr.) Laz.1916

Hexagonia aculeate Mont.1840

Hexagonia apiaria (Pers.) Fr.1838

Hexagonia badia (Berk.) Imaz.1952

Hexa

gonia burchelli Berk.1916

Hexagonia caperata (Berk.) Wright & Deschamps1973

Hexagonia discopoda Pat.,Har.1893

Hexagonia hirta (Fr.) Fr.1838

Hexagonia kurzii Currey1874

Hexagonia levis Berk.1891

Hexagonia papyracea Berk.1843

Hexagonia pulchella Lev.1844

Hex

agonia scutellata (Schw.) Roy & De1832

Hexagonia scutigera (Fr.) Sacc. 1888

Hexagonia sinensis Fries1821

Hexagonia subtenuis Berk. ex Cooke 1882

Hexagonia sulcata Berk1847

Hexagonia tenuis var. discopoda (Hook.) Fr. 1838

Hexagonia tenuis var. polygramma (M

ont.) Cleland &

Cheel 1917

Hexagonia tenuis var. pulchella (Lév.) Cleland & Cheel

1923

Hexagonia tenuis var. tenuis (Hook.) Fr. 1838

Hexagonia tenuis (Hook.) Fr. 1838

Hydnochaete resupinata (Swartz.) Ryv.1982

Hydnum subvinosum Berk. & Broome 1873

Hymenoch

aete attenuate Lev.1846

Hymenochaete cacao (Berk.) Berk. & M.A. Curtis 1868

Hymenochaete cinnamomea (Persoon) Bresadola1897

Hymenochaete corrugate (Fr. Pers.) Lev.1846

Hymenochaete cruenta (Pers. : Fr.) Donk.1959

Hymenochaete floridea Berk. & Broome 1873

ymenochaete fuliginosa (Pers.) Bers.1918

Hymenochaete fuscobadia Thind,Adlakha1958

Hymenochaete gladiola G.Cunningham1957

Hymenochaete innexa Cunn.1957

Hymenochaete leonine Berk,Curt.1868

Hymenochaete luteobadia (Fr.) Hoehn.,Litsch.1907

Hymenochaete mougeo

tii (Fr.) Cooke1880

Hymenochaete patelliformis G.Cunningham 1957

Hymenochaete plurimaesetae G.Cunningham 1957

Hymenochaete rheicolor (Mont.) Lev.1946

Hymenochaete rubiginosa (Dicks.) Lev.1846

Hymenochaete semistupposa Petch.1925

Hymenochaete sp.

Hymenochae

te tabacina (Sowerby) Lév. 1846

Hymenochaete villosa (Lév.) Bres. 1910

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Hymenogramme javensis Montagne,Berkeley1844

Hyphoderma argillaceum (Bres.) Donk1957

Hyphoderma lapponicum (Litschauer) Ryvarden1971

Hyphoderma mutatum (Peck) Donk1957

Hyphoderma pallidu

m (Bres.) Donk.1957

Hyphoderma polonense (Bres.) Donk.1957

Hyphoderma praetermissum (Karst.) Erikss.,Strid1975

Hyphoderma pubera (Fr.) Wallr.1833

Hyphoderma puberum (Fries) Wallroth1833

Hyphoderma radula (Fries) Donk1957

Hyphoderma roseocremeum (Bresadola)

Donk1957

Hyphoderma setigerum (Fr.) Donk 1957

Hyphoderma sibiricium (Parm.) Erikss.,Strid.1975

Hyphoderma subdefinitum Erikss.,Strid1975

Hyphoderma teutoburgense (Brinkm.) Erikss.1958

Hyphodontia alienata (S. Lundell) J. Erikss. 1958

Hyphodontia altaica P

arm.1968

Hyphodontia alutaria (Burt.) Erikss.1958

Hyphodontia arguta (Fr.) Erikss.1958

Hyphodontia aspera (Fr.) Erikss.1958

Hyphodontia crustosa (Pers. ex Fr.) Erikss.1958

Hyphodontia efibulata form tetraspora Erikss.,

Hjortstam1969

Hyphodontia longicystid

iosa Rattan 1977

Hyphodontia pallidula (Bres.) Erikss.1958

Hyphodontia papillosa (Fr.) Erikss.1958

Hyphodontia propinqua Hjortstam 1983

Hyphodontia pruni (Lasch) Erikss., Hjortstam1976

Hyphodontia sambuci (Pers.: Pers.) Erikss.1958

Hyphodontia spathulata (

Schrad. ex Fr.) Parm.1968

Hyphodontia stipata (Fr.) Gilb.1971

Hyphodontia subdetritica Rattan 1977

Hypochnicium cymosum (D.P.Rogers,H.S.Jackson)

K.H.Larsson,Hjortstam1977

Hypochnicium cystidiatum Boid., Gill.1971

Hypochnicium eichleri (Bresadola ex Saccard

o) J.Eriksson,

Ryvarden1976

Hypochnicium geogenium (Bresadola) J.Eriksson1958

Hypochnicium globosum Sheng H. Wu.1990

Hypochnicium lundellii (Bourd.) Erikss.1958

Hypochnicium punctulatum (Cooke) Erikss.1958

Hypochnicium sphaerosporum (Hoehm., Litsch.)

Eriks

s.1958

Hypochnus polyporoideus (Berk., Curt.) Overholts1938

Incrustoporia carneola (Bres.) Ryv.1972

Incrustoporia nivea (Jungh.) Ryv.1972

Inonotus brevisporus (Thind, Chatrath) Sharma1960

Inonotus circinatus (Fr.) Gilbn.1974

Inonotus cuticularis (Bull.: Fr

.) Karst1879

Inonotus diverticuloseta Pegler1967

Inonotus dryadeus (Pers. : Fr.) Murr.1908

Inonotus dryophilus (Berk.) Murr.1904

Inonotus flavidus (Berk.) Ryv.1984

Inonotus glomeratus (Pk.) Murr.1920

Inonotus hamusetulus Ryv.1984

Inonotus hispidus (Bull. :

Fr.) Karst.1889

Inonotus patouillardii (Rick) Imaz.1943

Inonotus polymorphus (Rostk.) Pilát 1940

Inonotus radiates (Sow. : Fr.) Karst.1889

Inonotus rheades (Pers.) Bondartsev & Singer 1941

Inonotus rickii (Pat.) Reid.1957

Inonotus sciurinus Imaz.1943

Inon

otus subhispidus Peg.,Reid1964

Inonotus tenuicarnis Pegler,Reid.1964

Inonotus tomentosus (fr.) Teng1964

Irpex canescens Fr. 1828

Irpex consors Berk.1878

Irpex destruens Petch 1909

Irpex flavus Klotzsch1833

Irpex lacteus (Fr. : Fr.) Fr.1828

Irpex maximus Mo

nt.1837

Irpex sp.

Irpex subvinosus (Berk. & Broome) Petch 1923

Irpex vellereus Berk. and Broome1875

Irpex zonatus Berk 1854

Irpiciporus pachyodon (Pers.)

Kotl.,Pouz.1957

Ischnoderma resinosum (Fr.) Karst.1879

Junghuhnia collabens (Fr.) Ryv.1972

Junghuhnia

crustacean (Jungh.) Ryv.1972

Junghuhnia luteoalba (P. Karst.) Ryvarden 1972

Junghuhnia nitida (Fr.) Ryv.1972

Kavinia globispora Natarajan & Koland. 1985

Kavinia himantia (Schweinitz) J.Eriksson1958

Laeticorticium simplicibasidium Lindsey,Gilbertson1977

Lae

tiporus percicinus (Berk.,Curt.) Ryv.1972

Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull. ex. Fr.) Murr.1920

Laschia intestinalis (Berk.) Bres.1920

Laschia lamellose Berk.1854

Laschia subvelutina Berk1851

Laxitextum bicolor (Pers. ex Fr.) Lentz.1955

Laxitextum lutescens Hjor

tstam,Ryvarden1981

Lentinellus cochleatus (Pers.) P. Karst. 1879

Lentinus cochleatus (Pers.) Fr. 1825

Lentinus sp.

Lenzites abietina (Bull.) Fr.1838

Lenzites acuta Berk1842

Lenzites adusta Massee 1910

Lenzites alutacea Cooke 1883

Lenzites betulina (L. e

x Fr.) Fr.1838

Lenzites elegans (Fr.) Pat.1900

Lenzites eximia Berk. and Curt.1854

Lenzites flaccid (Bull.) Fr.1838

Lenzites imbricatus (Bull.) B.K. Bakshi 1971

Lenzites malaccensis Sacc. and Cub.1887

Lenzites murina Lév. 1844

Lenzites palisoti (Fr.) Fr.1821

Lenzites rugulosa Berk.1851

Lenzites sepiaria (Wulf. ex Fries) Fries1836

Lenzites sp.

Lenzites stereoides (Fr.) Ryv.1972

Lenzites striata (Swartz. ex Fries) Fries1836

Lenzites subferruginea Berk1854

Lenzites trabea (Pers.) Fr.1838

Lenzites tricolor (Bul

l.) Fr.1836

Lenzites vespacea (Pers.) Ryv.1972

Lenzites warnieri Durieu,Montagne 1860

Lepidomyces subcalceus (Litschauer) Juelich1979

Leptosporomyces adnatus (Rehill & B.K. Bakshi) S.S.

Rattan1977

Leptosporomyces globosus S.S. Rattan 1977

Leptosporomyces

ovoideus Julich1972

Leucogyrophana mollis (Fr.) Parmasto1967

Lignosus sacer (Fr.) Ryv.1972

Lopharia cinerascens (Schw.) Cunn.1956

Lopharia crassa (Lev.) Boid.1958

Lopharia fulva (Lév.) Boidin 1959

Lopharia papyracea (Jungh.) Reid.1957

Lopharia papyrina (Mo

nt.) Boidin1959

Lopharia rhodocarpa (Rehill,Bakshi) Rattan1965

Loweporus fusco

purpureus (Pers.) Ryv.1980

Loweporus lividus (Kalch.) Wright1882

Loweporus tephroporus (Mont.) Ryv.1980

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112

139

125

Megalocystidium luteocystidiatum (P.H.B.Talbot) Sheng H.

Wu.1996

Megaspo

roporia cavernulosa (Berk.) Ryv.1982

Meripilus giganteus (Fr.) Karst.1882

Merulius aureus Fr.1828

Merulius confluens Schw.1822

Merulius corium (Pers.)1828

Merulius eurocephalus (Berk. and Br.) Petch.1910

Merulius himantioides Fr.1821

Merulius lacrymans (Wu

lf.) Fr.1821

Merulius lignosus Berk1854

Merulius tremellosus (Schrad.) Fr.1821

Metulodontia flavidoalba (Cooke) Malencon, Bertault1977

Metulodontia indica (K.S. Thind & S.S. Rattan) S.S. Rattan

1977

Metulodontia nivea (Karst.)

Parm.1968

Metulodontia quelet

ii (Bourd.,Galz.) Parm.1968

Microporellus chocolates (Bose) Ryv.1990

Microporellus obovatus (Jungh.) Ryv.1972

Microporellus violaceocinerascens (Petch) A. David &

Rajchenb. 1985

Microporus affinis (Blume,Nees : Fr.) Kunt1898

Microporus flabelliformis (Kl.)

Kunt.1898

Microporus scopulosus (Berk.) Ryv.1972

Microporus vernicipes (Berk.) Kunt.1898

Microporus xanthopus (Fr.) Kunt1898

Mycoacia fuscoatra (Fr.) Donk1931

Mycoacia stenodon (Pers.) Donk.1931

Mycoacia subochracea (Bres.) Parm.1968

Navisporus floccosus

(Bres.) Ryvarden 1980

Nigrofomes melanoporus (Mont.) Murr.1904

Nigroporus durus (Jungh.) Murr.1907

Nigroporus niger (Berk.) Ryv.1977

Nigroporus vinosus (Berk.) Murr.1905

Oligoporus balsameus (Peck) Gilb.

& Ryvarden 1985

Oligoporus caesius (Schrad. : Fr.)

Gilbn.,Ryv.1985

Oligoporus fragilis (Fr.) Gilbn.,Ryv.1985

Oligoporus guttulatus (Peck) Gilbn.,Ryv.1985

Oligoporus leucospongia (Cke.,Harkn.) Gilbn.,Ryv.1985

Oligoporus placentas (Fr.) Gilbn.,Ryv.1985

Oligoporus sericeomollis (Rom.) Pouz.1984

Oligoporus tep

hroleucus (Fr.) Gilbn.,Ryv.1985

Oxyporus cervinogilvus (Jungh.) Ryvarden 1973

Oxyporus corticola (Fr.) Ryv.1972

Oxyporus latemarginatus (Durieu & Mont.) Donk 1966

Oxyporus lignosus (Kl.) Roy & De1933

Oxyporus mollissimus (Pat.) Reid.1975

Oxyporus pellicu

la (Junghuhn) Ryvarden1980

Oxyporus populinus (Schum. ex Fr.) Donk.1933

Oxyporus ravidus (Fr.) Bond. et Sing1941

Oxyporus spiculifer (Cunn.) Buch., Ryv.1988

Oxyporus ulmarius (Sow. ex Fr.) Roy & De1821

Oxyporus vellereus (Berk. & Br.) Roy & De1833

Pachykyt

ospora papyracea (Schw.) Ryv.1972

Pachykytospora thindii Natarajan, Kolandavelu1993

Peniophora aurantiaca (Bresadola) Hoehnel, Litschauer1906

Peniophora cinerea (Fr.) Cooke1879

Peniophora farinose (Bresadola) Hoehnel, Litschauer1908

Peniophora gladiola G.C

unningham1955

Peniophora incarnate (Fr.) Karst.1889

Peniophora laurentii S.Lundell1946

Peniophora limitata (Chaillet ex Fries) Cooke1879

Peniophora ludoviciana Burt1925

Peniophora nuda (Fr.) Bres.1897

Peniophora pithya (Persoon) J.Eriksson1950

Peniophora q

uercina (Pers. ex Fr.) Cooke1879

Peniophora violaceolivida (Sommf.) Mass.1889

Perenniporia albida Rajchenberg, J.E.Wright1982

Perenniporia ellipsospora Ryv., Gilbn.1984

Perenniporia fulviseda (Bres.) Dhanda1980

Perenniporia gomezii Rajchenberg, J.E.Wright1

982

Perenniporia martius (Berk.) Ryv.1972

Perenniporia medulla

panis (Fr.) Donk.1967

Perenniporia ochroleuca (Berk.) Ryv.1972

Perenniporia robiniphila (Murr.) Ryv.1983

Perenniporia subacida (Peck.) Donk.1967

Perenniporia tenuis (Schw.) Ryv.1973

Perennipori

a voeltzkowii (Hennings) Ryvarden1980

Phaeolus schweinitzii (Fr.) Pat. 1900

Phaeotrametes decipiens (Berkeley) J.E.Wright1966

Phanerochaete affinis (Burt) Parm.1968

Phanerochaete cacaina (Bourdot,Galzin)

Burdsall,Gilbertson1974

Phanerochaete calotricha (P.

Karsten) J.Eriksson,

Ryvarden1976

Phanerochaete filamentosa (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Parmasto

1968

Phanerochaete flavidoalba (Cooke) Rattan1977

Phanerochaete gigantea (Fr. ex Fr.) Rattan1977

Phanerochaete jose

ferreirae (D.A.Reid) D.A.Reid1975

Phanerochaete l

aevis (Fries) J.Eriksson, Ryvarden1978

Phanerochaete martelliana (Bres.) Erikss., Ryv.1978

Phanerochaete pruni (Lasch) S.S. Rattan 1977

Phanerochaete robusta Parmasto1968

Phanerochaete sanguine (Fries) Pouzar1973

Phanerochaete sordid (Karst.) Erikss., Ryv.

1978

Phanerochaete tuberculata (Karst.) Parm.1968

Phanerochaete velutina (De Candolle) P.Karsten1898

Phanerochaete viticola (Schw.)

Parm.1968

Phellinus acontextus Ryv.1984

Phellinus adamantinus (berk.) Ryv.1972

Phellinus allardii (Bres.) Ahmad1972

Phellinu

s aureobrunneus J.E.Wright, Blumenfeld1984

Phellinus badius (Berk. : Cke.) Cunn.1965

Phellinus bakeri (Murrill) A.Ames1913

Phellinus baumii Pilat1932

Phellinus calcitratus (Berkeley,M.A.Curtis) Ryv.1972

Phellinus callimorphus (Leveille) Ryvarden1980

Phelli

nus carteri (Cke.) Ryv.1972

Phellinus caryophylli (Racib.) G. Cunn. 1965

Phellinus cereus (Berk.) Ryv.1972

Phellinus cesatii (Bresadola) Ryvarden1972

Phellinus chaquensis (Iaconis,J.E.Wright)

J.E.Wright,J.R.Deschamps1984

Phellinus chryseus (Leveille) Ryvar

den1980

Phellinus cinchonensis (Murr.) Ryv.1972

Phellinus coffeatoporus Kotlaba,Pouzar1979

Phellinus conchatus (Pers. : Fr.) Quel.1886

Phellinus contiguous (Pers. : Fr.) Pat.1900

Phellinus crocatus (Fries) Ryvarden1972

Phellinus dependens (Murrill) Ryvarde

n 1972

Phellinus disciples (Berkeley) Ryvarden1976

Phellinus durissimus (Lloyd) A.Roy1979

Phellinus extensus (Lev.) Pat.1900

Phellinus fastuosus (Lev.) Ryv.1972

Phellinus ferreus (Pers.) Bourdot & Galzin 1928

Phellinus ferrugineovelutinus (Henn.) Ryvarden

1972

Phellinus ferruginosus (Schrad.: Fr.) Pat.1900

Phellinus gilvoides (Petch) Ryvarden 1972

Phellinus gilvus (Schw.: Fr.) Pat.1900

Phellinus glaucescens (Petch) Ryv.1972

Phellinus grenadensis (Murr.) Ryv.1972

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Phellinus griseoporus D.A.Reid1976

Phellinus

hippophaeicola H.Jahn1976

Phellinus hoehnelii (Bres.) Ryvarden 1980

Phellinus igniarius (L.: Fr.) Quel.1886

Phellinus inamaensis (Mont.) Ryv.1972

Phellinus inamaenus (Mont.) Ryv.1972

Phellinus incrustaticeps Corner1991

Phellinus inermis (Ell. et Everh.) Cu

nn.1965

Phellinus johnsonianus (Murr.) Ryv.1972

Phellinus laevigatus (Fr.) Bourd. et Galz.1928

Phellinus lamaensis (Murr.) Pat.1923

Phellinus linteus (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Teng 1963

Phellinus lloydii (Cleland) G.Cunningham1965

Phellinus luctuosus (Cesati)

Ryvarden1972

Phellinus macgregori (Bres.) Ryv.1988

Phellinus mangrowvicus (Imazeki) Imazeki1952

Phellinus melanodermus (Pat.) O. Fidalgo1968

Phellinus melleoporus (Murr.) Ryv.1985

Phellinus membranaceus J.E.Wright,Blumenfeld1984

Phellinus merrillii (Murr.)

Ryv.1972

Phellinus minimus N.Walter1969

Phellinus minutiporus Bondartseva,S.Herrera1980

Phellinus nigricans (Fr.) Karst.1899

Phellinus nilgheriensis (Mont.) Cunn.1965

Phellinus noxius (Corner) Cunn.1965

Phellinus orientalis Bondartseva,S.Herrera1980

Phell

inus pachyphloeus (Pat.) Pat.1900

Phellinus pappianus (Bresadola) Ryvarden1972

Phellinus pectinatus (Kl.) Quel.1886

Phellinus pini (Thore : Fr.) Ames1913

Phellinus portoricensis (Overh.)

O. Fidalgo1968

Phellinus pseudosenex (Murr.)

Bond.,Herr.1908

Phellinu

s punctatus Pilát 1942

Phellinus purpureogilvus (Petch) Ryvarden 1972

Phellinus ranulensis Adaskaveg,Gilbertson, Blanchette1991

Phellinus reichingeri (Bresadola) Ryvarden1988

Phellinus resinaceus Kotlaba, Pouzar1979

Phellinus rhabarbarinus (Berk.) Cunn.196

Phellinus rhytiphloeus (Montagne) Ryvarden1980

Phellinus ribis (Schumacher) Quelet1886

Phellinus rickii Teixeira1950

Phellinus rimosus (Berkeley) Pilat1940

Phellinus robiniae (Murrill) A. Ames 1913

Phellinus robustus (Karst.) Bourd.,Galz.1925

Phellinus rufitinctus (Berkeley,M.A.Curtis ex Cooke)

Patouillard1900

Phellinus sancti

georgii Patouillard) Ryvarden1972

Phellinus sanfordii (Lloyd) Ryvarden 1972

Phellinus sanjanii (Lloyd) Ryvarden1972

Phellinus scruposus (Fr.) Cunn.1965

Phellinus senex (Nees & Mont

.) Imazeki 1952

Phellinus setulosus (Lloyd) Imaz.1943

Phellinus shaferi (Murrill) Ryvarden1972

Phellinus sonorae Gilbertson1979

Phellinus stratosus Patouillard1928

Phellinus sublinteus (Murr.) Ryv.1972

Phellinus swieteniae (Murrill) S.Herrera, Bondartseva1980

Phellinus syringeus X.L.Zeng1987

Phellinus torulosus (Pers.) Boud.,Galz.1925

Phellinus tropicalis M.J.Larsen,Lombard1988

Phellinus troyanus (Murr.) Ganesh,Leelavathy1910

Phellinus umbrinellus (Bres. et Henn.) Ryv.1980

Phellinus wahlbergii (Fr.) Reid.19

Phellinus xeranticus (Berk.) Pegler1967

Phlebia albida Post. ex Fr.1903

Phlebia griseo

livens (Bourd.,Galz.) Parm.1967

Phlebia hydnoides (Cooke,Mass.) Christ1960

Phlebia livida (Pers. ex Fr.) Bres.1897

Phlebia radiate Fr.1821

Phlebia roumeguerei (Bres.)

Donk 1957

Phlebia rufa (Fr.) Christ.1960

Phlebia sp.

Phlebia subceracea (Wakef.) Nakasone 2003

Phlebia subcretacea (Litsch.) M.P. Christ. 1960

Phlebia subserialis (Bourd.,Galz.) Donk1957

Phlebiopsis galochroa (Bresadola) Hjortstam,

Ryvarden1980

Phlebiops

is gigantea (Fries) Juelich1978

Phlebiopsis peniophoroides Gilbertson, Adaskaveg1993

Phlebiopsis roumeguerei (Bresadola) Juelich,Stalpers1980

Phylloporia chrysita (Berk.) Ryv.1972

Phylloporia ribis (Schum.: Fr.) Ryv.1978

Phylloporia weberiana (Bres.,Henn.

: Sacc.) Ryv.1972

Physisporinus vitreus (Pers.: Fr.) Karst1889

Piloporia indica Ganesh & Ryvarden 1988

Piptoporus betulinus (Fr.) Karst.1991

Polyporus abietinus Dicks. ex Fries1821

Polyporus acervatus Lloyd 1920

Polyporus adustus Willd. ex Fries1821

Polypo

rus alveolaris (DC : Fr.) Bond & Sing1941

Polyporus amorphous Fries1821

Polyporus anthelminticus Berk.1866

Polyporus aquosus Henn. 1904

Polyporus arcularius (Batsch) Fr. 1821

Polyporus badius (S.F.Gray) Schw.1834

Polyporus bambusicola P.Henn.1901

Polyporus

betulinus (Bull.) Fr. 1815

Polyporus bicolor Jungh.1838

Polyporus biennis (Bull. ex Fries) Fries1836

Polyporus biformis Fries1839

Polyporus bosei Bres.1926

Polyporus brumalis Pers. ex Fr.1821

Polyporus calcuttensis Bose1925

Polyporus campbelli Berk.1854

olyporus caperatus Berk.1881

Polyporus cervino

gilvus Jungh.1888

Polyporus chocolates Bose1923

Polyporus cichoriaceus Berk.1851

Polyporus ciliates Fr.: Fr.1921

Polyporus cinerescens Lev.1844

Polyporus cinnabarinus Jacq. ex Fries1821

Polyporus cinnamomeus J

acq. ex Fries1836

Polyporus clemensiae (Murrill) Bres. 1920

Polyporus coccineus Fries1851

Polyporus conchoids (Mont.) Lloyd1915

Polyporus confluens Alb. and Schw. ex Fries1821

Polyporus corium Berk.1854

Polyporus cotoneus (Pat. and Har.) Sacc.1895

Polyporu

s curtisii Berk.1849

Polyporus cuticularis Bull. ex Fries1821

Polyporus dichrous Fries1821

Polyporus dictyopus Mont.1835

Polyporus discipes Berk. 1847

Polyporus dryadeus Pers. ex Fries1821

Polyporus durus Jungh.1838

Polyporus elatinus Berk.1854

Polyporus f

labella formisKlotzsch1833

Polyporus flammans Berk1854

Polyporus fragilis Fries1828

Polyporus friabilis Bose1921

Polyporus fumoso

olivaceus Lloyd.1919

Polyporus fumosus Pers. ex Fries1821

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127

Polyporus gilvus Fries.1828

Polyporus gleadowii Massee1901

Polyporus

glomeratus Peck1872

Polyporus grammocephalus Berk.1842

Polyporus guhae Bose1922

Polyporus haematinus Berk.1888

Polyporus hemicapnodes Berk. & Broome 1873

Polyporus hirsutus (Wulfen) Fr. 1821

Polyporus hispidus (Bull.) Fr. 1818

Polyporus ikenoi Lloyd

Polyp

orus interruptus Berk. & Broome 1873

Polyporus lacteus Fries1821

Polyporus leoninus Klotzsch1833

Polyporus leucospongia Cooke and Harkness1883

Polyporus luteoumbrinus (Romell) Sacc. & P. Syd. 1902

Polyporus luzonensis Murrill1907

Polyporus manilaensis Lloy

d 1918

Polyporus medullaris Berk.1854

Polyporus meleagris Berk.1878

Polyporus meridionalis (David) Jahn.1980

Polyporus mesotalpae Lloyd1916

Polyporus minutisporus Reid,Thind and Chatrath1959

Polyporus molliculus Bres.1920

Polyporus montanus (Quél.)

Ferry 1891

Polyporus nigrocrustosus Lloyd 1915

Polyporus nilgheriensis Mont.1842

Polyporus nodipes Berk.1854

Polyporus nothofagi G.H.Cunn.1948

Polyporus oblectans Berk.1845

Polyporus obtusus Berk.1839

Polyporus occidentalis Klotzsch1833

Polyporus ochroleucus Berk

.1845

Polyporus oerstedii Fr. 1851

Polyporus ostreiformis Berk.1878

Polyporus palustris Berk. and Curt1872

Polyporus pargamenus Fries1836

Polyporus perennis L. ex Fries1821

Polyporus philippinensis Berk. 1842

Polyporus picipes Fries.1836

Polyporus plorans

(Patouill.)

Sacc. and D.Sacc.1905

Polyporus proteus Berk.1849

Polyporus pusillus Rostr. 1902

Polyporus radiates (Sow.) Fries1821

Polyporus resinosus (Schrad.) Fr.1821

Polyporus rhodophaeus Lev.1844

Polyporus rubidus Berk.1847

Polyporus rutilans (Pers.) Fr. 1818

Polyporus sacer Fries1836

Polyporus sanguineus L. ex Fries1821

Polyporus sarbadhikarii (Bose) B.K. Bakshi 1971

Polyporus schweinitzii Fries1821

Polyporus scopulosus Berk1854

Polyporus secernibilis Berk.1847

Polyporus semipileat

us Peck1883

Polyporus shoreae Wakefield1916

Polyporus similis Berk.1843

Polyporus sp.

Polyporus squamosus Fr.1821

Polyporus steinheilianus Berk. & Lév. 1901

Polyporus suboccidentalis Sacc.1899

Polyporus subvirgatus Lloyd.1911

Polyporus sulphureus Bull. ex Fries1821

Polyporus tabacinus Mont.1835

Polyporus tenuiculus (Beauv.) Fr.1821

Polyporus tephroleucus Fr. 1821

Polyporus thwaitesii Berk. 1854

Polyporus tomentosus Fr. 1821

Polyporus tricholoma Mont.1837

Polyporus tulipiferae (

Schw.) Overh.1915

Polyporus turbiformis Lloyd1912

Polyporus udus Jungh.1840

Polyporus umbellatus (Pers.) Fr. 1821

Polyporus umbilicatus Berk.1851

Polyporus ungulatus var. hobsoni Berk.,Sacc.1888

Polyp

orus vallatus Berk.1854

Polyporus varius Fries1821

Polyporus velutinus Fries1821

Polyporus versatilis (Berk.) Rom.1901

Polyporus versicolor L. ex. Fries1821

Polyporus versiformis Berk.1854

Polyporus vinosus Berk.1852

Polyporus violaceo

cinerescens Petch.19

Polyporus virgatus Berk.,Curt.1868

Polyporus vulpinus Fries1852

Polyporus weberianus (Bres. & Henn. ex Sacc.)

Trotter

1925

Polyporus xanthopus Fr.1815

Polyporus xeranticus Berk.1854

Polyporus zeylanicus Berk.1843

Polyporus zonalis Berk.1843

Polyporus zo

natus (Nees) Fries1821

Polystictus aethiops (Cooke) Cooke 1886

Polystictus asper Jungh1838

Polystictus beharensis Berk1852

Polystictus berkeleyi Bres.1913

Polystictus cineraceus (Lév.) Cooke 1886

Polystictus cingulatus (Fr.) Fr. 1851

Polystictus coriace

us (Lév.) Cooke 1886

Polystictus fibula (Sowerby) Fr. 1886

Polystictus floccosus (Jungh.) Fr. 1851

Polystictus floridanus Berk.1843

Polystictus gallopavonis (Berk. & Broome) Cooke 1886

Polystictus gollani P.Henn.1901

Polystict

us gratus Berk.1852

Polystictus haskarlii (Lév.) Cooke 1886

Polystictus hutchingsii Lloyd.1924

Polystictus hypothejus (Kalchbr.) Cooke 1886

Polystictus inquinatus Lev.1846

Polystictuslanatus Fr.1836

Polystictus luteus (Nees) Fr. 1851

Polystictus malaiensis

Cooke 1885

Polystictus membranaceus (Swartz.) Berk.1842

Polystictus nepalensis (Berk.) Cooke 1886

Polystictus occidentalis (Klotzsch) Fr. 1888

Polystictus ozonioides Berk.1852

Polystictu spectunculus Lev.

Polystictus pinsitus Fr.1828

Polystictus polyzonus

(Pers.) Cooke 1886

Polystictus russogramme (Berk.) Cooke 1886

Polystictus sarawacensis Berk.

Polystictus sp.

Polystictus squamaeformis (Berk.) Cooke 1886

Polystictus stuppeus (Berk.) Cooke 1886

Polystictus venulosus (Jungh.) Cooke 1886

Polystictus villosu

s Massee1906

Polystictus virgineus (Schwein.) Cooke 1886

Polystictus vittatus (Berk.) Cooke 1886

Poria arenaria (Klotzsch) Sacc. 1888

Poria barbaeformis (Berk.

& M.A. Curtis) Sacc. 1888

Poria callosa (Fr.) Sacc.1888

Poria carteri Berk. ex Cooke 1886

Poria

cerea (Berk.) Sacc. 1888

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci

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112

139

128

Poria cinerascens (Bres.) Sacc. et Syd.1902

Poria contigua (Pers. ex Fries) Karst.1882

Poria corticola (Fr.) Cooke1886

Poria eupora (P. Karst.) Cooke 1886

Poria ferruginosa (Schrad. ex Fr.) Karst.1881

Poria fulviseda Bres.1897

Pori

a gallo

grisea Berk. ex Cooke 1886

Poria hypobrunnea Petch 1916

Poria hypolateritia Berk. ex Cooke 1886

Poria lacrigata Fries

Poria lenis (Karst.)

Sacc.1888

Poria leucoplaca (Berk.) Cooke1886

Poria luteo

alba (K

arst.) Sacc.1888

Poria magalopora (Pers.) Cooke

Poria medullapanis (Jacq. ex Fr.) Bres.1897

Poria membranicincta Berk. ex Cooke 1886

Poria metamorphosa (Fuckel) Sacc. 1888

Poria monticola Murr.1920

Poria nigrescens

Bres.1897

Poria placenta (Fr.) Cooke1886

Poria porriginosa Berk. ex Cooke 1886

Poria ravenalae (Berk. and Br.) Cooke1886

Poria rhizomorpha Bagchee1953

Poria rixosa Karst.1879

Poria subacida (Peck) Sacc.1888

Poria versipora (Pers.) Rom.1926

Poria vincta (B

erk.) Cooke1886

Poria xantha (Fr.) Cooke1886

Porogramme albocincta (Cooke, Massee) J.Lowe1958

Porogramme ravenalae (Berk.,Br.) Pat.1900

Postia fragilis (Fr.) Julich1982

Postia lacteal (Fr.) Roy & De1821

Postia leucospongia (Cke.

& Hark.) Julich.1982

Postia

placenta (Fr.) Larsen & Lombard1986

Pseudofavolus miquelii (Mont.) Pat.1900

Pseudomerulius aureus (Fr.) Jul.1979

Pseudotomentella mucidula (Karst.) Svrcek1958

Pseudoxenasma verrucisporum K.H.Larsson,Hjortstam1976

Pteridomyces sphaericosporus Boidin,Lanque

tin,Gilles1983

Pulcherricium caeruleum (Fr.) Parm.1968

Pycnoporellus alboluteus (Ellis,Everhart)

Kotlaba,Pouzar1963

Pycnoporellus fibrillosus (P. Karst.) Murrill 1905

Pycnoporellus fulgens (Fr.) Donk 1971

Pycnoporus cinnabarinus (Jacq. : Fr.) Karst.1881

cnoporus coccineus (Fr.) Bond. & Sing.1941

Pycnoporus sanguineus (L. ex. Fr.) Murr.1904

Pyrofomes albomarginatus (Lev.) Ryv.1972

Pyrrhoderma sendaiense (Yas.) Imaz.1966

Radulodon americanus Ryvarden1972

Radulodon erikssonii Ryvarden1972

Radulodon subquerci

nus (Hennings) Hjortstam,

Ryvarden1980

Radulomyces confluens (Fr.) M.P.Christ.1960

Radulomyces molaris (Chaillet ex Fr.) M.P. Christ. 1960

Ramaria apiculata (Fr.) Donk 1933

Ramaria invalii (Cotton & Wakef.) Donk 1933

Ramaria ochraceovirens var. parvispor

a K.S. Thind,

Khurana & S.C. Kaushal 1984

Ramaria ochrochlora Furrer

Ziogas & Schild 1971

Ramaria subaurantiaca Corner1955

Ramaricium alboochraceum (Bresadola) Juelich1977

Ramaricium polyporoideum (Berkeley, M.A.Curtis)

Ginns1979

Ramariopsis crocea (Pers.)

Corner 1950

Ramariopsis kunzei var. bispora Schild 1970

Ramariopsis pulchella (Boud.) Corner 1950

Resinicium bicolor (Fr.) Parm.1968

Rigidoporus crocatus (Pat.) Ryv.1983

Rigidoporus fusco

lineatus (Pers.) Ryv.1973

Rigidoporus l

ineatus (Pers.) Ryv.1972

Rigidoporus microporus (Fr.) Overeem1924

Rigidoporus ulmarius (Sow. : Fr.) Imaz.1952

Rigidoporus vinctus (Berk.) Ryv.1972

Rigidoporus zonalis (Berk.) Imaz.1952

Scenidium apiarium (Persoon) Kuntze1898

Scenidium capillaceum (Pat. & G

aillard) Kuntze 1898

Scenidiumniam

niamense (Hennings) Kuntze1898

Scenidium tenuis (Hook. Fr.) Julich

Schizophyllum alneum (L.) J. Schröt. 1889

Schizophyllum commune Fr. 1815

Schizopora carneolutea (Rodway,Celand)

Kotlaba,Pouz

ar1979

Schizopora flavipora (Cke.) Ryv.1985

Schizopora paradoxa (Schrad. ex Fr.) Donk.1821

Schizopora roseotingens Hjortstam,Ryvarden1984

Schizopora trichiliae (Van det Byl) Ryvarden1980

Scopuloides hydnoides (Cooke,Massee)

Hjortstam,Ryvarden1979

Scopuloid

es rimosa (Cooke) Juelich1982

Scytinostroma cystidiatum Boid.1960

Scytinostroma duriusculum (Berk., Br.) Donk.1956

Scytinostroma ochroleucum (Bres.,Torrend) Donk.1956

Scytinostroma odoratum forma crassum Rattan1974

Scytinostroma protentosum (Berk.,Curt.) D

onk.1956

Scytinostroma rhizomorpharum Rattan1974

Scytinostromella cerina (Bresadola) Hjortstam,

Ryvarden1980

Scytinostromella heterogena (Bourd., Galz.) Parm.1968

Serpula himantioides (Fr.: Fr.) Karst1884

Serpula lachrymans Gray1821

Serpula lacrymans (Wulf

en) J. Schröt. 1885

Serpula mollusca (Fr.) Donk.1964

Serpula similis Berk., Br.1873

Sistotrema confluens Pers.: Fr.1821

Sistotrema lachrymisporum S.S. Rattan 1977

Sistotrema strumniveocremeum (Hoehn., Litsch.)

Erikss.1958

Skeletocutis amorpha (Fr.) Kotl. &

Pouz.1958

Skeletocutis nivea (Jungh.) Keller.1979

Spongipellis borealis (Fr.) Pat. 1900

Spongipellis delectans (Peck.) Murr.1907

Spongipellis unicolor (Schw.) Murr.1907

Steccherinum ciliolatum (Berk., Curt.) Gilb., Bud.1972

Steccherinum fimbriatum (Pers.

ex Fr.) Erikss.1958

Steccherinum laeticolor (Berk., Curt.) Banker1912

Steccherinum ochraceum (Pers.: Fr.) Gray1821

Steccherinum setulosum (Berkeley,M.A.Curtis)

L.W.Miller1985

Stereum acanthophysatum Rehill,Bakshi1966

Stereum gausapatum Fr. ex Fr.1874

Stere

um hirsutum (Willd.) Pers. 1800

Stereum ostrea (Blume, Nees ex Fr.) Fr.1838

Stereum rugosum Pers. ex Fr.1794

Stereum sanguinolentum (Alb.,Schw.) Fr.1838

Stereum sp.

Stereum thindii A.B. De 1998

Subulicystidium longisporum (Pat.) Parm.1968

Thelephora ramari

oides D.A. Reid 1958

Theleporus calcicolor (Sacc.,Syd.) Ryv.1979

Tinctoporellus epimiltinus (Berk.,Br.) Ryv.1979

Tomentella botryoides (Schw.) Bourd.,Galz.1924

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci

(201

2(12):

112

139

129

Tomentella bryophila (Pers.) Larsen1974

Tomentella chlorine (Mass.) Cunn.1953

Tomentella cineras

cens (Karst.) Hoehn.,Litsch.1906

Tomentella coerulea (Bres.) Hoehn.,Litsch.1907

Tomentella crinalis (Fr.) Larsen1967

Tomentella ferruginea (Pers.) Pat.1887

Tomentella fimbriata Christ1960

Tomentella griseoumbrina Litsch1936

Tomentella himalayana Rattan 197

Tomentella indica Rattan 1977

Tomentella lateritia Pat.1894

Tomentella ochracea (Sacc.) Larsen1974

Tomentella pilosa (Burt) Bourd.,Galz.1924

Tomentella punicea (Alb.,Schw. ex Fr.) Schroet1889

Tomentella ruttnerii Litsch1933

Tomentella subcorticioides Rat

tan1977

Tomentella umbrinospora Larsen1968

Trametes acu

punctata Berk.1873

Trametes badia Berk. 1842

Trametes carbonaria (Berk. and Curt.)

Overh.1931

Trametes carteri Berk. ex Sacc. 1891

Trametes cervina (Schw.) Bres.1903

Trametes cincta Bose1922

Trametes

cingulata Berk1854

Trametes colliculosa Berk.1854

Trametes corrugata (Pers.) Bres.1912

Trametes cotonea (Pat.

& Har.) Ryv.1972

Trametes crenulata Berk.1854

Trametes cubensis (Mont.) Sacc.1891

Trametes devexa Berk.1873

Trametes dickinsii Berk.1891

Trametes

floccose Bres.1896

Trametes fuscella (Lév.) Pat. 1915

Trametes gibbosa (Pers. ex Pers.) Fr.1838

Trametes hirsute (Wulf. ex Fr.) Pil.1939

Trametes hololeuca (Kalchbr.) Lloyd.1876

Trametes hookerii Berk.1854

Trametes immutata Berk.1854

Trametes incana Leveil

le1891

Trametes incerta (Currey) Cooke1886

Trametes insularis Murr.1908

Trametes karii Bose1922

Trametes lactinea (Berk.) Pat.1900

Trametes Marianna (Pers.) Ryv.1973

Trametes maxima David & Rajchenberg1985

Trametes membranacea (Swartz.: Fr.) Kreisel1971

ametes menziesii (Berkeley) Ryvarden1972

Trametes menziezii (Berk.) Ryv.1972

Trametes meyenii Kl.1843

Trametes modesta (Fr.) Ryv.1972

Trametes mollis (Sommerf.) Fries1874

Trametes muelleri Berk.1868

Trametes ochracea (Pers.) Gilbn., Ryv.1986

Trametes plebe

ia (Berk.) Lloyd 1915

Trametes pubescens (Schum: Fr.) Pil1939

Trametes radiato

rugosus (Bres.) Ryv.1988

Trametes ravida (Fr.) Pilat.1939

Trametes roseola Pat. and Har.1900

Trametes scabrosa (Pers.) Cunn.1985

Trametes sepium Berk.1847

Trametes serialis Frie

s1874

Trametes serpens Fr.1874

Trametes sp.

Trametes straminea (Pat.) Lloyd.1919

Trametes suaveolens (L.) Fr.1838

Trametes sycomori P.Henn.1891

Trametes tephroleuca Berk. 1854

Trametes trogii Berk.1850

Trametes varians Vander Byl.1922

Trametes velutina (Pers. ex Fr.) Cunn.1965

Trametes versicolor (L. ex Fr.) Pilat1936

Trametes versiformis Berk. and Broome1873

Trametes villosa (Fr.) Kreisel.1971

Trechispora alnicola (Bourd.,Galz.) Libera1966

Trechispora confinis (Bourd.,Galz.) Liberta1966

Trechispora farinacea (Pers.: Fr.) Lib.1966

Trechispora mollusca (Pers. : Fr.) Liberta1878

Trechispora mutabilis (Pers.) Liberta1966

Trechispora regularis (Murrill) Liberta1974

Trechispora vaga (Fr.) Liberta1966

Trichaptum abietinum (Dicks. ex Fr.) Ry

v.1972

Trichaptum biforme (Fr.) Ryvarden 1972

Trichaptum byssogenus (Jungh.) Ryv.1972

Trichaptum fusco

violaceum (Fr.) Ryv.1972

Trichaptum sector (Ehrenb.: Fr.) Kreisel1971

Trichaptum versatile (Berk.) Cunn.1965

Tubulicrinis chaetophora (Hoehn.) Donk.1965

Tubulicrinis ellipsoideus Rajchenberg 2002

Tubulicrinis gracillima (Ell.,Ev.) Cunn.1963

Tubulicrinis subulatus (Bourdot & Galzin) Donk 1956

Tyromyces caesius (Schrad.) Murrill 1907

Tyromyces chioneus (Fr.) Karst.1881

Tyromyces gratus (Berk.) Ryv.1977

Tyrom

yces hypolateritius (Cke.) Ryv.1980

Tyromyces merulinus (Berk.)

Cunn.1965

Tyromyces pelliculosus (Berk.) G. Cunn. 1965

Tyromyces subcaesius David1974

Tyromyces undosus (Peck) Murrill1907

Vararia brevispora Rattan 1977

Vararia effuscata (Cooke,Ellis) Rog.,J

acks.1943

Vararia ochroleuca (Bourdot,Galzin) Donk1930

Vararia pallescens (Schw.)

Rogers, Jacks1943

Vararia rhodospora (Wakef.) Cunn.1953

Vararia sphaericospora Gilb. 1965

Vararia vassilievae Parmasto1965

Vuilleminia acerina (Persoon) Parmasto1968

Wolfipor

ia cocos (F.A.Wolf) Ryvarden, Gilbertson1984

Wolfiporia dilatohypha Ryv.,Gilbn.1984

Wrightoporia africana I.Johansen, Ryvarden1979

Wrightoporia avellanea (Bresadola) Pouzar1966

Wrightoporia cremea Ryvarden1987

Wrightoporia iobapha (Patouillard) Ryvarden198

Wrightoporia lenta (Overh., Lowe.) Pouz.1966

Xenasma subclematidis Rattan 1977

Xenasma subnitens (Bourd.,Galz.) Liberta1960

Xylobolus ahmadii (Boid.) Boid1958

Xylobolus apricans (Bourdot) Sheng H. Wu., Boidin,

C.Y.Chien2000

Xylobolus frustulatus (Pers.)

P. Karst. 1881

Xylobolus subpileatus (Berk.,Curt.) Bold1958

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130

Table.4

List of Families of Aphylophorales from India

Incertae sedis

(2)

Agaricaceae

(1)

Albatrellaceae

(4)

Amylocorticiaceae

(6)

Amylostereaceae

(2)

Atheli

aceae

(9)

Auriscalpiaceae

(1)

Bankeraceae

(1)

Bondarzewiaceae

(16)

10.

Botryobasidiaceae

(5)

11.

Cantharellaceae

(2)

12.

Ceratobasidiaceae

(2)

13.

Clavariaceae

(7)

14.

Coniophoraceae

(7)

15.

Corticiaceae

(7)

16.

Cyphe

llaceae

(2)

17.

Cystostereaceae

(2)

18.

Echinodontiaceae

(1)

19.

Fistulinaceae

(2)

20.

Fomitopsidaceae

(92)

21.

Ganodermataceae

(72)

22.

Gloeophyllaceae

(12)

23.

Gomphaceae

(7)

24.

Grammotheleaceae

(2)

25.

Hericiaceae

(3)

26.

Hydnaceae

(3)

27.

Hydnodontaceae

(15)

28.

Hygrophoropsidaceae

(1)

29.

Hymenochaetaceae

(354)

30.

Incrustoporiaceae

(2)

31.

Lachnocladiaceae

(22)

32.

Lentariaceae

(3)

33.

Meripilaceae

(18)

34.

Meruliacaae

(5)

35.

Meruliaceae

(112)

36.

Peniophoraceae

(24)

37.

Phanerochaetaceae

(51)

38.

Polyporaceae

(615)

39.

Pterulaceae

(4)

40.

Rickenellaceae

(1)

41.

Russulaceae

(2)

42.

Schizophyllaceae

(3)

43.

Schizoporaceae

(50)

44.

Serpulaceae

(8)

45.

Stephanosporaceae

(2)

46.

Stereaceae

(53)

47.

Tapinellaceae

(1)

48.

Thelephoraceae

(22)

49.

Tremellaceae

(1)

50.

Tricholomataceae

(1)

51.

Tubulicrinaceae

(4)

52.

Xenasmataceae

(2)

work materially adds to our

knowledge of Poroid and Non-

Poroi

Aphyllophorales from

all over

India

in one

sight

. This could be the first contribution

from India in which total overview of the

Aphyllophorales flora has been taken

extensively.

A total of more than 190

genera of 52 families and total 1175

species of from poroid and non-

poroid

Aphyllophorales fungi were reported from

Indian literature till 2012. Such type of

work helps to get the first hand

information which is very difficult to get

because of scanty literature availability.

Acknowledgement

I am very much thankful to all scientists

and contributors for contributing towards

the Aphyllophorales Flora of India.I can t

forget the help and guidance extended by

well known Indian Mycologists Prof.

Anjali Roy, Dr. Ashit Baren De and Prof.

P. Ganesh, regarding basic

Aphyllophorales taxonomy.

I can t express

my feelings in words about the help

extended by Prof. Leif Ryvarden, Prof. P.

Kirk, Dr. D. Minter, in taxonomic

literature and database help. I am very

much thankful to Hon. Sandip Kadam,

Secretary of PDEA, Pune and Dr. R. M.

Misal, Principal for their constant

inspiration for this work. I am especially

grateful to Harshavardhan Khare and

Rohit Shahakar for their extreme help in

database development, without whom the

database would have had no existence. I

esp

ecially wish to express my appreciatio

to Yogesh Ambikar

for

his

tremendous

help during collection of samples. My

sincere thanks are due to Mr. Janrao and

Mr. Rahul Kale (ARI Pune, Library) who

helped me a lot during the survey of

literature.

I am very much fortunate to

have had understanding and ever helping

circle of friends like Prof. Neeta Jagtap,

Dr. Gauri Bapat and

Mrs.

Mugd

Belsare and parents for their constant

support and inspiration.

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci

(201

2(12):

112

139

131

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Ecology of Macrofungi

Chapter

Jan 2024

Macrofungi are an evolutionarily and ecologically important segments of the fungal kingdom exists independently as well as in mutualistic association with plants and animals. They play prime ecological roles in the degradation of lignocellulosic materials, nutrient transport and biogeochemical cycles in varied ecosystems. Macrofungi prefer a variety of substrates and their enzymes are responsible for nutrient cycling. Mutualistic association (ectomycorrhizae) with roots, support many tree species to derive nutrients from the soil. Many macrofungi have also mutualistic association with fauna to provide nutrition, in turn, disseminate their propagules to new habitats and facilitate genetic exchange or recombination. Even though some macrofungi are parasites of animals, they will be benefited by dispersal through their hosts to new niches. In spite of several macrofungi being pathogenic to many tree species, they involve in nutrient cycling. Several macrofungi are capable of bioremediation of pollutants and xenobiotics by their powerful enzymes. Macrofungi succumb to habitat loss, various natural disturbances and human interference, which leads to affect their normal ecological functions and services. With valuable ecosystem services, macrofungal resources deserve conservation to maximize their benefits to plants, animals and ecosystems. Keywords: Dipterocarpaceae, bioremediation, disturbance, ectomycorrhiazae, faunal association, human interference, nutrient cycling, mutualism, pathogens, substrates

Diversity of Genus Ceriporia Donk in India

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Mar 2023

On the Amanita in Southwest India

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Jan 2024

Amanita is an important cosmopolitan genus that comprises of morphologically, ecologically and economically valued species with a global record of up to 613 species. Although many species of Amanita are poisonous, they possess useful metabolites of therapeutic significance. Recent reports reveal that there are about 66 species of Amanita occur in different ecosystems of the Indian subcontinent, especially from the Himalayas and the Western Ghats. Southwestern India provides suitable ecological and climatic conditions such as the Western Ghats, foothills, coastal plains and maritime habitats to support a variety of Amanita species. So far, about 30 species of Amanita have been documented in southwest India representing ectomycorrhizal, medicinal, non-toxic, edible and poisonous species. The association of Amanita species with the family Dipterocarpaceae is highly significant owing to the logging of dipterocarps for quality timber. The present chapter aims to offer the diversity, distribution, the ecological and bioactive potential of Amanita species occurring in southwest India. Emphasis has been laid on the ecological, nutritional and bioactive potential of edible ectomycorrhizal Amanita hemibapha and A. konajensis. Keywords: Western Ghats, foothills, west coast, scrub jungles, forests, maritime habitats, ectomycorrhizal mushrooms, poisonous mushrooms, non-toxic mushrooms, edible mushrooms, ecosystem services

Fuscoporia minutissima: A New Report of Family Hymenochaetaceae for Maharashtra State of India

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Studies of Ready-to-Drink Wild Ganoderma Teas on Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activity: An In Vitro Approach

Article

Jan 2023
INT J MED MUSHROOMS

i>Ganoderma is a medicinally important mushroom and has been used since ancient times. However, mostly G. lucidum has been used for therapeutic purposes, in form of tea, dietary and drug supplements but other species of Ganoderma are still remaining underexploited. This study is the first approach to valorize Ganoderma teas prepared from different wild species of Ganoderma other than G. lucidum with respect to both phytochemically and therapeutically through investigation of their phytochemical, carbohydrate contents and exploring their antioxidant activity. Phytochemical contents such as phenol and flavonoids were quantified using spectrophotometry methods. The carbohydrate content of the teas was estimated by phenol sulphuric acid method. The biochemical analysis revealed the teas contained a notable amount of phenolic compounds ranging from 19.15 to 40.2 μg GAE/mg of extract and also showed significant content of flavonoids. Further, antioxidant potential in terms of DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging ability and total antioxidant capacity was also evaluated. According to the results, G. resinaceum tea showed better potential in scavenging DPPH (EC<sub>50</sub> 36 ug/mL) and ABTS radicals (EC<sub>50</sub> 3 9 ug/mL) whereas the least effect was shown for the tea of G. ahmedi. Therefore, tea showing the best results, i.e. G. resinaceum tea, was also analyzed for cytotoxicity on breast cancer cells. It was found that the tea made from G. resinaceum inhibited cellular growth and proliferation in a dose-dependent manner with maximum growth inhibition (61%) observed at the highest concentration of 2.3 mg/mL. The presence of a greater quantity of carbohydrates in G. resinaceum tea also justified the remarkable anticancer potential of the tea. Overall, our findings indicated that a few wild species of Ganoderma other than G. lucidum have great potential to be valued as a healthy beverage with immense therapeutic benefits.

Research in Mycology Series-II

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Full-text available

Jun 2023

Mycology is the specialist branch of fungal study. Fungi are the most diverse group of heterotrophic organisms and second largest biotic community after insects on earth. They are grouped into separate Kingdom Fungi. Fungi have thalloid body without cells being organized into tissues and organs. Fungi are the parasitic, saprophytic or symbiotic in nature. They also play key role in terrestrial ecosystems. Fungi are the primary decomposers of lignocellulosic material and the main keepers of great carbon storage in soil as well as dead organic materials. Their edibility, medicinal properties, mycorrhizal and parasitic association with the forest trees make them economically and ecologically important for investigation. The term macro fungi are generally applied to the fruiting bodies of fungi belonging to Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes. Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes are either Epigeous or Hypogeous, large enough to be seen by naked eyes hence they can be picked by hand. Micro fungi may cause pathological disease to the plants, animals, and human. Furthermore, most of fungi are microscopic in nature, invisible and they cause their action.

Impact of Microplastics on Soil and Freshwater Environment

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Plastics have become the fastest growing sector of industrial waste streams in recent decades, with global production increasing significantly. Microplastics are plastic particles with a diameter of less than 5 mm. Microplastics may act as an absorbent of chemicals from the environment as well as a carrier of additive chemicals added to organisms during the plastic manufacturing process. Microplastic particles are found in environmental compartments all over the world and have gotten a lot of attention, particularly in the aquatic environment. The vast majority of MP on agricultural land is emitted by composite pesticides and fertilizers, organic waste and composts, mulches, water irrigation, and ozone depletion. Microplastics modify soil biophysical properties such as bulk density, water retention capacity, and soil microbial interactions with water stable aggregates. Microplastics' effects on soil and plants are frequently determined by the type and size of microplastics. Keywords: Aquatic environment, fertilizers, microplastics, pesticides, soil

Taxonomy of Fomes Durissimus

Article

Sep 1979

Anjali Roy

The morphology of the basidiocarp and cultural characters of Fomes durissimus have been studied. The fungus possesses a dimitic hyphal system with generative and skeletal hyphae and causes a white rot in hardwoods. A new combination, Phellinus durissimus, is proposed.

The Polyporaceae of the World

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