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2012][April
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University Srinagar, India.
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643 – 654.
AMANITA FROM LATERITIC REGION OF WEST BENGAL
PRAKASH PRADHAN, SUBHANKAR BANERJEE, ANIRBAN ROY* AND KRISHNENDU ACHARYA
Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany,
University of Calcutta, Kolkata- 700019 (West Bengal)
*West Bengal Biodiversity Board, Paribesh Bhawan, Salt Lake City, Kolkata- 700098 (West Bengal)
Introduction
Lateritic region of West Bengal treasures diverse
ecological domains with an array of latitudinal, climatic
and edaphic amalgamations creating favourable
conditions for establishment of diverse group of
organisms including macrofungi. Surveys have been
conducted in different areas of West Bengal for the past
ten years and many unreported macrofungi collected,
(Acharya and Acharya, 2001; Acharya and Bhutia, 2003;
Acharya et al., 2003, 2004a, 2004b, 2004c, 2005, 2009;
Rai et al., 2005). Some of the earlier workers have
reported A. vaginata (Ray and Samajpati, 1979; Gupta,
1984a; Shajahan and Samajpati, 1995) and A. hemibapha
(Ray and Samajpati, 1980b) from the Sal populated area
of the region. Four species of Amanita, collected during
exhaustive field trips in this region for successive two
years, namely A. vaginata, A. banningiana, A. vaginata
var. alba, A. ocreata are being discussed. During the
surveys, A. hemibapha reported earlier from the region deci du ous Sal (Shorea robusta Ga ert n. f.;
Dipterocarpaceae) with its associated tree species.
was not found. Materials and Methods
Study area Collection of the study material was done during
Lateritic zone of West Bengal lies between field survey from June 2008–to October 2009.
24°28.340'- 21°35.974'N latitude and 86°52.884'- Specimens were photographed, morphological and
88°15.235'E longitude, in the western part of the state ecological features characterized, chemical colour
bordering Jharkhand in the west and Orissa in the South reactions were noted on the fresh collections and then
and primarily includes parts of five districts including preserved using protocols of Largent (1973), Largent et
Birbhum, Murshidabad, Burdwan, Bankura and West
2al. (1977) and Lodge et al. (2004) in the laboratory, their
Medinipur, covering an area of 10873.35 Km. , microscopic properties were determined with the help of
representing 12.25 % of the total geographical area of Carl Zeiss AX10 Imager A1 phase contrast microscope. All
the state (Fig. 1). The soils vary from shallow to deep, the microscopic structures were drawn with the help of
reddish to reddish brown, loamy to fine in texture, are camera lucida. Then they were identified according to
moderately too strongly acidic and have medium base Ramsbottom (1965) and Singer (1986) and relevant
saturation and well to imperfectly drained and very monograph (Kumar et al., 1990) and annotated checklist
susceptible to erosion hazards. Climatically, majority of (Bhatt et al., 2003). The voucher specimen has been
this zone is within tropical dry sub-humid zone where deposited in Mycological Herbarium of the Department
summers are hot and winters are mild. The mean annual of Botany, University of Calcutta.
rainfall ranges from 1307 to 1392 mm, potential evapo-
transpiration (PE) varies from 1405 to 1468 mm and Description of species
moisture index is >1 (Bengal District Gazetteers, 1996). It Amanita vaginata (Bull.) Lam., Encycl. Méth. Bot. (Paris)
1
experiences a temperature range of 12-45°C. Forest 1: 109 (1783) [ http://www.speciesfungorum.org/
covers 30.6% of the total recorded forest area of the state Names/SynSpecies.asp?RecordID=114685]
(State Forest Report, W.B., 05-06). The forests of the Synonymy
Lateritic region of West Bengal are dominated by dry Agaricus plumbeus Schaeff., Fung. Bavar. Palat. 4: 37 (1774)
Fig. 1
Area under Lateritic zone of West Bengal
The Indian Forester
362 2012]
The Indian Forester 363
[April Amanita from lateritic region of West Bengal
Amanita vaginata subsp. plumbea (Schaeff.) Konrad &
Maubl., Icon. Select. Fung. 6: 33 (1924)
Amanita vaginata var. grisea (DC.) Quél. & Bataille, Voy.
Rech. Pérouse: 42 (1902)
Amanita vaginata var. livida (Pers.) Gillet, Les
Hyménomycètes ou description de tous les champignons
(fungi) qui croissent en France (Alençon): 51 (1874)
Amanita vaginata var. plumbea (Schaeff.) Quél. &
Bataille, Voy. Rech. Pérouse: 42 (1902)
Amanita vaginata (Bull.) Lam., Encycl. Méth. Bot. (Paris)
1: 109 (1783) var. vaginata
Amanita violacea Jacz., Compendium Hymenomycetum,
Amanita. Fascicle 13: 277 (1923)
Amanitopsis albida (Bull.) S. Imai, (1933)
Amanitopsis plumbea (Schaeff.) J. Schröt., in Cohn,
Krypt.-Fl. Schlesien (Breslau) 3.1(41): 676 (1889)
Amanitopsis vaginata (Bull.) Roze [as 'vaginatus'], Bull.
Soc. Bot. Fr. 23: 111 (1876)
Amanitopsis vaginata var. plumbea (Schaeff.) Konrad &
Maubl., Icon. Select. Fung. 6: 33 (1924)
Amanitopsis vaginata var. violacea (Jacz.) E.-J. Gilbert,
Iconogr. Mycol. 53: 75 (1941)
Vaginata livida (Pers.) Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. (London) 1:
601 (1821)
Position in classification: Fungi, Basidiomycota,
Agaricomycotina, Agaricomycetes, Agaricomycetidae,
Agaricales, Amanitaceae, Amanita, Amanita vaginata.
Local name-Sal Chaatu (in Bengali).
Agaricus plumbeus Schaeff., Fung. Bavar. Palat. 4: 37 Pileus 7-11 cm in diameter, fleshy to brittle, ovoid
(1774) var. plumbeus to broadly parabolic when young and moderately
Agaricus vaginatus Bull., Herb. Fr. 3: tab. 98 (1783) [1782- indented when matured (Fig. 2). Whitish; greyish when
83] young, then greyish colour limited to the centre at
Agaricus vaginatus var. griseus DC., Fl. franç., Edn 3 maturity, glabrous, moist and viscid when wet, margin
(Paris) 6: 53 (1815) striate, striation extending up to 2.5 cm towards the
Amanita livida Pers., Tent. disp. meth. fung. (Lipsiae): 66 centre from the margin. Pileal context thin, whitish, no
(1797) change on cutting and bruising or, with pleasant smell
Amanita livida Pers., (1797) var. livida and mild taste. Lamellae creamy white, 7-9 mm wide
Amanita vaginata f. grisea (DC.) E.-J. Gilbert, Le Genre with spacing of 1.5-2 mm, regular, lamellulae one tiered,
Amanita Persoon (Lons-le-Saunier): 139 (1918) crowded, free, margin entire, concolorous. Stipe central,
Amanita vaginata f. grisea (DC.) Veselý, Annls mycol. cylindrical, 65-120 mm long and 7-11 mm wide, whitish
31(4): 279 (1933) to pale hazel, equal to partly tapered at apex, fleshy to
Amanita vaginata f. livida (Pers.) E.-J. Gilbert, Le Genre sub fleshy, glabrous, surface viscid when wet, usually
Amanita Persoon (Lons-le-Saunier): 139 (1918) fistullar, context white, colour unchanging, annulus
Amanita vaginata f. plumbea (Schaeff.) E.-J. Gilbert, Le absent, volva saccate, white, thick, free, covering up to
Genre Amanita Persoon (Lons-le-Saunier): 138 (1918) 1/3-1/4 of the stipe base.
Amanita vaginata f. plumbea (Schaeff.) L. Maire, Bull. Spore print white, spores 10.05-13 × 8.67-12.53
Soc. mycol. Fr. 26: 253 (1910) µm, smooth, walls 1.18-2.96 µm, intine irregular,
apiculate, inamyloid, usually uniguttulate. Basidia 32.31-
Amanita vaginata f. violacea (Jacz.) Veselý, Annls mycol. 39.4 × 12.41-15.76 µm, clavate, irregularly thick walled at
31(4): 280 (1933)
the base, sterigmata (2-4). Sterigmata straight 5.91µm ou description de tous les champignons (fungi) qui
long, Hymenial cells 35.46-39.73 × 7.88-8.47 µm is cro isse nt en Fra nce (A lenç on ): 51 (18 74)
1
composed of hyaline, clavate to subclavate cells with [ http://indexfungorum.org/Names/NamesRecord.asp?
variable sized vacuoles. Trama bilateral, divergent, made RecordID=281296](Fig. 3)
up of hyaline, thin walled, (i) subglobose to elliptical cells Position in classification: Fungi, Basidiomycota,
19.7-23.64 × 15.17-16.55 µm, (ii) elongated, hyaline cells Agaricomycotina, Agaricomycetes, Agaricomycetidae,
40.19-82.74 × 19.7-33.49 µm (iii) elongated mostly thin Agaricales, Amanitaceae, Amanita, Amanita vaginata
walled cells sometimes with apical thickening 7.88-33.49 var. alba.
µm broad, (iv) elongated refractive oleiferous cells 2.36- Local name- Sal Chaatu (in Bengali).
4.41 µm wide. Pileipellis composed of (i) hyaline Pileus 32.5-75 mm in diameter, creamy white in
elongated pseudoparenchymatous cells with blunt to colour, Surface moist, glabrous to squamulose
pointed ends 13.79-27.58 µm broad. (ii) hyaline appressed, somewhat areolate at maturity, broadly
elongated septate hyphae 9.26-11.82 µm broad. Pileus convex to plane, sometimes with remains of universal
context composed of (i) pseudoparenchymatous veil (Fig. 3). Smell pleasant, taste mild. Margin sulcate
elongated cells 12.21-15.37 µm broad. (ii) elongated striate. Lamellae colour white, 3-3.2 mm wide, spacing 2
hyaline thin walled hyphae 3.94-4.33 µm broad. (iii) mm, regular, lamellulae one tiered, free, serrate,
refractive oleiferous hyphae 9.85-10.64 µm broad. concolorous, edge mild brown at maturity. Stipe colour
Stipitipellis composed of (i) elongated clavate hyaline whitish to faded brownish cream, width 9-14 mm, length
cells 128.05-153.66 × 11.82-13.79 µm with apical 56-88 mm, central, subcylindrical, flesh white, tapering
thickening of 4.14 µm. (ii) elongated darker cells 78.8- at apex, hollow, surface moist, with squamulose
102.44 × 5.91-9.85 µm. (iii) trichomatous thin walled
septate cells 3.55-4.33 µm broad. Stipe context cells
composed of (i) pseudoparenchymatous elongated
hyaline cells 141.84-300.23 × 25.61-39.4 µm. (ii)
trichomatous hyphae 3.94-5.91 µm broad with oil
droplets of diameter up to 5.52 µm. Volva composed of
(i) trichomatous septate hyphae 4.33-7.88 µm broad, (ii)
elongated pseudoparenchymatous cells 11.62-12.61 µm
broad, with apical thickening of up to 8.668 µm. (iii)
Loose refractive oleiferous hyphae 3.94 µm broad, (iv)
refractive oleiferous hyphae encased within hyaline
trichomatous hyphae 5.91-15.37 µm broad.
Macrochemical reactions: 3% KOH gives no change in
colour; aniline water gives no change; concentrated
HNO gives yellow; 30 % Aqueous NaOH gives pale
3
brown; 10% FeSO gives no change; 2% aqueous phenol
4
gives faded dark brick colour, formalin gives no change
and 30% KOH gives pale yellow colour.
Ecology: Substratum terrestrial, growing exposed and in
dry surrounding, growth habit solitary, prevalence
common, edible, having mycorrhizal association with
Shorea robusta.
Materials examined: India, West Bengal: Birbhum,
Ilambazar forest, terrestrial, in mycorrhizal association
with Sal tree, 18.07.2009, Prakash Pradhan, AMH 16;
West Midnapur, Kailibandh, in mycorrhizal association
with Sal tree, 26.07.2009, Prakash Pradhan, AMH 24,
Gangajalghati, 23.07.2008, Prakash Pradhan, AMH 26;
Bankura district, Bishnupur, mycorrhizal association with
Sal tree, 12.08.2009, Prakash Pradhan, AMH 29,
Manjhuria, 08.08.2009, Prakash Pradhan, AMH 30.
Amanita vaginata var. alba Gillet, Les Hyménomycètes
Amanita vaginata: a. Basidiome; b. Basidium; c. Hymenial cell;
d. Basidiospores; e-h. Tramal cells; i-j. Pileipellis; k-m. Pileus
context; n-p. Stipitipellis; q-r. Stipe context; s-v. Volva elements.
Bars: a = 1 cm; b-v = 10 µm.
Fig. 2
Amanita vaginata var. alba: a. Basidiome; b. Basidium;
c. Cystidium; d. Basidiospores; e-f. Tramal cells; g-h. Pileipellis;
i-j. Pileal context; k. Stipitipellis; l-m.
Stipe context. Bars: a = 1 cm; b-m = 10 µm.
Fig. 3
362 2012]
The Indian Forester 363
[April Amanita from lateritic region of West Bengal
Amanita vaginata subsp. plumbea (Schaeff.) Konrad &
Maubl., Icon. Select. Fung. 6: 33 (1924)
Amanita vaginata var. grisea (DC.) Quél. & Bataille, Voy.
Rech. Pérouse: 42 (1902)
Amanita vaginata var. livida (Pers.) Gillet, Les
Hyménomycètes ou description de tous les champignons
(fungi) qui croissent en France (Alençon): 51 (1874)
Amanita vaginata var. plumbea (Schaeff.) Quél. &
Bataille, Voy. Rech. Pérouse: 42 (1902)
Amanita vaginata (Bull.) Lam., Encycl. Méth. Bot. (Paris)
1: 109 (1783) var. vaginata
Amanita violacea Jacz., Compendium Hymenomycetum,
Amanita. Fascicle 13: 277 (1923)
Amanitopsis albida (Bull.) S. Imai, (1933)
Amanitopsis plumbea (Schaeff.) J. Schröt., in Cohn,
Krypt.-Fl. Schlesien (Breslau) 3.1(41): 676 (1889)
Amanitopsis vaginata (Bull.) Roze [as 'vaginatus'], Bull.
Soc. Bot. Fr. 23: 111 (1876)
Amanitopsis vaginata var. plumbea (Schaeff.) Konrad &
Maubl., Icon. Select. Fung. 6: 33 (1924)
Amanitopsis vaginata var. violacea (Jacz.) E.-J. Gilbert,
Iconogr. Mycol. 53: 75 (1941)
Vaginata livida (Pers.) Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. (London) 1:
601 (1821)
Position in classification: Fungi, Basidiomycota,
Agaricomycotina, Agaricomycetes, Agaricomycetidae,
Agaricales, Amanitaceae, Amanita, Amanita vaginata.
Local name-Sal Chaatu (in Bengali).
Agaricus plumbeus Schaeff., Fung. Bavar. Palat. 4: 37 Pileus 7-11 cm in diameter, fleshy to brittle, ovoid
(1774) var. plumbeus to broadly parabolic when young and moderately
Agaricus vaginatus Bull., Herb. Fr. 3: tab. 98 (1783) [1782- indented when matured (Fig. 2). Whitish; greyish when
83] young, then greyish colour limited to the centre at
Agaricus vaginatus var. griseus DC., Fl. franç., Edn 3 maturity, glabrous, moist and viscid when wet, margin
(Paris) 6: 53 (1815) striate, striation extending up to 2.5 cm towards the
Amanita livida Pers., Tent. disp. meth. fung. (Lipsiae): 66 centre from the margin. Pileal context thin, whitish, no
(1797) change on cutting and bruising or, with pleasant smell
Amanita livida Pers., (1797) var. livida and mild taste. Lamellae creamy white, 7-9 mm wide
Amanita vaginata f. grisea (DC.) E.-J. Gilbert, Le Genre with spacing of 1.5-2 mm, regular, lamellulae one tiered,
Amanita Persoon (Lons-le-Saunier): 139 (1918) crowded, free, margin entire, concolorous. Stipe central,
Amanita vaginata f. grisea (DC.) Veselý, Annls mycol. cylindrical, 65-120 mm long and 7-11 mm wide, whitish
31(4): 279 (1933) to pale hazel, equal to partly tapered at apex, fleshy to
Amanita vaginata f. livida (Pers.) E.-J. Gilbert, Le Genre sub fleshy, glabrous, surface viscid when wet, usually
Amanita Persoon (Lons-le-Saunier): 139 (1918) fistullar, context white, colour unchanging, annulus
Amanita vaginata f. plumbea (Schaeff.) E.-J. Gilbert, Le absent, volva saccate, white, thick, free, covering up to
Genre Amanita Persoon (Lons-le-Saunier): 138 (1918) 1/3-1/4 of the stipe base.
Amanita vaginata f. plumbea (Schaeff.) L. Maire, Bull. Spore print white, spores 10.05-13 × 8.67-12.53
Soc. mycol. Fr. 26: 253 (1910) µm, smooth, walls 1.18-2.96 µm, intine irregular,
apiculate, inamyloid, usually uniguttulate. Basidia 32.31-
Amanita vaginata f. violacea (Jacz.) Veselý, Annls mycol. 39.4 × 12.41-15.76 µm, clavate, irregularly thick walled at
31(4): 280 (1933)
the base, sterigmata (2-4). Sterigmata straight 5.91µm ou description de tous les champignons (fungi) qui
long, Hymenial cells 35.46-39.73 × 7.88-8.47 µm is cro isse nt en Fra nce (A lenç on ): 51 (18 74)
1
composed of hyaline, clavate to subclavate cells with [ http://indexfungorum.org/Names/NamesRecord.asp?
variable sized vacuoles. Trama bilateral, divergent, made RecordID=281296](Fig. 3)
up of hyaline, thin walled, (i) subglobose to elliptical cells Position in classification: Fungi, Basidiomycota,
19.7-23.64 × 15.17-16.55 µm, (ii) elongated, hyaline cells Agaricomycotina, Agaricomycetes, Agaricomycetidae,
40.19-82.74 × 19.7-33.49 µm (iii) elongated mostly thin Agaricales, Amanitaceae, Amanita, Amanita vaginata
walled cells sometimes with apical thickening 7.88-33.49 var. alba.
µm broad, (iv) elongated refractive oleiferous cells 2.36- Local name- Sal Chaatu (in Bengali).
4.41 µm wide. Pileipellis composed of (i) hyaline Pileus 32.5-75 mm in diameter, creamy white in
elongated pseudoparenchymatous cells with blunt to colour, Surface moist, glabrous to squamulose
pointed ends 13.79-27.58 µm broad. (ii) hyaline appressed, somewhat areolate at maturity, broadly
elongated septate hyphae 9.26-11.82 µm broad. Pileus convex to plane, sometimes with remains of universal
context composed of (i) pseudoparenchymatous veil (Fig. 3). Smell pleasant, taste mild. Margin sulcate
elongated cells 12.21-15.37 µm broad. (ii) elongated striate. Lamellae colour white, 3-3.2 mm wide, spacing 2
hyaline thin walled hyphae 3.94-4.33 µm broad. (iii) mm, regular, lamellulae one tiered, free, serrate,
refractive oleiferous hyphae 9.85-10.64 µm broad. concolorous, edge mild brown at maturity. Stipe colour
Stipitipellis composed of (i) elongated clavate hyaline whitish to faded brownish cream, width 9-14 mm, length
cells 128.05-153.66 × 11.82-13.79 µm with apical 56-88 mm, central, subcylindrical, flesh white, tapering
thickening of 4.14 µm. (ii) elongated darker cells 78.8- at apex, hollow, surface moist, with squamulose
102.44 × 5.91-9.85 µm. (iii) trichomatous thin walled
septate cells 3.55-4.33 µm broad. Stipe context cells
composed of (i) pseudoparenchymatous elongated
hyaline cells 141.84-300.23 × 25.61-39.4 µm. (ii)
trichomatous hyphae 3.94-5.91 µm broad with oil
droplets of diameter up to 5.52 µm. Volva composed of
(i) trichomatous septate hyphae 4.33-7.88 µm broad, (ii)
elongated pseudoparenchymatous cells 11.62-12.61 µm
broad, with apical thickening of up to 8.668 µm. (iii)
Loose refractive oleiferous hyphae 3.94 µm broad, (iv)
refractive oleiferous hyphae encased within hyaline
trichomatous hyphae 5.91-15.37 µm broad.
Macrochemical reactions: 3% KOH gives no change in
colour; aniline water gives no change; concentrated
HNO gives yellow; 30 % Aqueous NaOH gives pale
3
brown; 10% FeSO gives no change; 2% aqueous phenol
4
gives faded dark brick colour, formalin gives no change
and 30% KOH gives pale yellow colour.
Ecology: Substratum terrestrial, growing exposed and in
dry surrounding, growth habit solitary, prevalence
common, edible, having mycorrhizal association with
Shorea robusta.
Materials examined: India, West Bengal: Birbhum,
Ilambazar forest, terrestrial, in mycorrhizal association
with Sal tree, 18.07.2009, Prakash Pradhan, AMH 16;
West Midnapur, Kailibandh, in mycorrhizal association
with Sal tree, 26.07.2009, Prakash Pradhan, AMH 24,
Gangajalghati, 23.07.2008, Prakash Pradhan, AMH 26;
Bankura district, Bishnupur, mycorrhizal association with
Sal tree, 12.08.2009, Prakash Pradhan, AMH 29,
Manjhuria, 08.08.2009, Prakash Pradhan, AMH 30.
Amanita vaginata var. alba Gillet, Les Hyménomycètes
Amanita vaginata: a. Basidiome; b. Basidium; c. Hymenial cell;
d. Basidiospores; e-h. Tramal cells; i-j. Pileipellis; k-m. Pileus
context; n-p. Stipitipellis; q-r. Stipe context; s-v. Volva elements.
Bars: a = 1 cm; b-v = 10 µm.
Fig. 2
Amanita vaginata var. alba: a. Basidiome; b. Basidium;
c. Cystidium; d. Basidiospores; e-f. Tramal cells; g-h. Pileipellis;
i-j. Pileal context; k. Stipitipellis; l-m.
Stipe context. Bars: a = 1 cm; b-m = 10 µm.
Fig. 3
365
2012]
364 [April
appressed scales, base rhizoidal. Exannulate and volva
th
saccate, membranous, white, covering 1/8 of the stipe
from base.
Spores subglobose to ellipsoidal, refractive,
distinctly apiculate, 8.47 - 11.82 × 7.56 - 8.12 µm,
apiculus up to 0.91 µm long, inamyloid. Basidium clavate,
with refractive incrustations 35.46 - 38.81 × 11.11 - 13.95
µm, sterigmata (2-4) 1.18 µm long. Cystidia clavate, with
refractive incrustations 40.19-41.37 × 12.41-13.4 µm.
Tramal cells (i) polygonal to quadrangular, compact, thin
walled, hyaline 12.21-13.4 × 8.67-13.79 µm and (ii)
elongated, septate, thin walled, hyaline 39.4-66.98 ×
8.67-19.7 µm. Pileipellis composed of (i) long
trichomatous hyaline branched hyphae 3.63-6.30 µm
broad (ii) Hyaline elongated palisade cells 19.7-21.67 µm
broad. Pileus context composed of (i) Hyaline elongated
palisade cells 35.46-106.38 × 19.7 47.28 µm. (ii) long
trichomatous hyaline septate hyphae 3.94-4.41 µm
broad. Stipitipellis composed of hyaline elongated
palisade cells 15.76-33.1 µm broad. Stipe context
composed of hyaline elongated septate hyphae with
blunt ends 21.67-45.31 µm broad, and sometimes
culminating in to trichomatous hyaline septate 7.80-8.04
µm broad hyphae. Volva hyphae 3.15-7.88 µm broad,
hyaline trichomatous, septate.
Macrochemical reactions: 3% KOH gives faded orange
colour, aniline water gives peach colour, concentrated
HNO3gives lemon yellow colour, 30% aq. NaOH
gives hazel colour, 10% FeSO4 gives faded olivaceous
colour, 2% aq. Phenol has no change, formalin has
browning effect in wet preservation, and 30% KOH gives Pileus 22-60 mm in diameter, yellow to yellowish
hazel colour. buff in colour, surface shiny, moist, glabrous, convex to
Ecology: Growing in terrestrial, shady and moist hemispheric when young to broadly convex to
condition in humus rich Shorea robusta forest bed. moderately indented at maturity, smell pleasant, taste
Solitary to scattered, uncommon and scanty in the mild, margin sulcate striate, striations up to 15 mm from
region. Local sources confirmed its edibility. Mycorrhizal margin to centre (Fig. 4). Gill colour whitish yellow, 5-6
associations with Shorea robusta were also revealed. mm wide, spacing 1 mm at margin, lamellae regular, and
Material examined: India, West Bengal: Birbhum, lamellulae in one tier, gills finely adnexed to free, and
Gonpur reserve forest, terrestrial, in mycorrhizal margin even, concolorous. Stipe 72-97 mm long, 9-12
association with Sal tree, 10.07.2008, Prakash Pradhan, mm wide, with pale yellow fibrils on cream to pale yellow
AMH 11.ground colour, equal to bulbous at base, centrally
Amanita banningiana Tulloss nom. Prov. Tulloss RE. attached to the pileus, hollow; surface dull and minutely
2009. Amanita banningiana in Tulloss RE, Yang Z-L, eds. pubescent, appressed. Base rhizoidal, annulus skirt like,
Studies in the genus Amanita Pers. (Agaricales, Fungi). yellowish, striate, membranous, persistent, attached to
[http://eticomm.net/~ret/amanita/species/banningi.ht the stipe halfway down then hanging, edge sometimes
ml]. (Fig. 4) thickened, sometimes with white to whitish yellow
subm em bran ou s pie ce s of limb us inter nus
Position in classification : Fungi, Basidiomycota, appendiculate from edge. Volva saccate, white,
Agaricomycotina, Agaricomycetes, Agaricomycetidae, rd
membranous to thickened, covering up to 1/3 of the
Agaricales, Amanitaceae , Amanita, Amanita stipe from base.
banningiana.Basidiospores ellipsoidal to subglobose, glabrous,
Local name: Tarmal Oat (in Santali)
apiculate 9.85-12.02 × 7.8-7.88 µm, inamyloid. Basidium white, unchanging on cutting or bruising. Lamellae
tetrasterigmatic, hyaline, 27.58-35.46 × 8.08-10.64 µm, white, thin, free, regular, 8.5-9 mm wide and spacing of 1-
sterigmata straight, 3.15-3.63 µm long. Cystidia clavate 2 mm, margin entire, concolorous, lamellulae double
to elongated with refractive encrustations, 27.19-47.28 × tired. Stipe white, 6 cm in long, 1-1.2cm broad, glabrous
8.24-12.02 µm. Hymenial cells clavate to elongate, to squamulose, squamules mostly appressed, white on
hyaline, numerous with vacuolar elements 27.58-35.46 × creamy white ground, cylindrical, hollow, flesh white,
5.32-8.04 µm. Tramal cells composed of (i) aseptate, surface moist, centrally attached to the pileus. Annulus
branched, highly refractive, mostly apically rounded skirt like, white, extending broadly from the gill
hyphae 2.96-7.09 µm broad and (ii) thin walled, septate attachment region to surround 1/5-1/6 the upper part of
mostly apically pointed hyphae 10.24-19.86 µm broad. the stipe, with fine striation, margin incurved. Base
Pileipellis composed of (i) irregular, thick walled cells rhizoidal, volva saccate, white, membranous, sheathing
rd
126.08-204.88 × 11.43-29.55 µm, (ii) thin walled 1/3 of the stipe from base.
branched, septate cells with cellular inclusions 2.96-5.91 Basidiospores 9.46-12.77 × 8.27-11.66 µm,
µm broad and (iii) thin walled elongated hyaline loosely globose to ellipsoidal, thick walled, inamyloid, white in
packed cells 47.28-118.2 × 8.27-19.7 µm. Stipitipellis mass, apiculus oblique to straight and hyaline, elongated,
composed of elongated, hyaline, thin walled cells joined 1.8-2 µm, intine smooth to irregular, wall 0.71-1.58 µm
end to end 19.7-59.1 × 5.91-11.82 µm. Stipe context wide. Basidium tetrasterigmatic, clavate, 20.49-28.37 ×
composed of elongated, hyaline, thin walled cells joined 15.56-15.84 µm, sterigmata straight, 3.94-4.02 µm long.
end to end mostly easily separable 19.7-88.65 × 7.88- Pleurocystidia abundant, clavate, encrusted, 24.03-
11.94 µm. Volva composed of (i) septed, hyaline, 3.94- 35.46 × 8.08-13 µm. Tramal cells 3.86-6.7 µm broad,
7.88 µm broad, (ii) elongated hyaline parenchymatous refractive, smooth, aseptate. Pileipellis interwoven with
cells 14.97-17.73 µm broad, (iii) subglobose to ellipsoidal
hyaline cells 55.16-65.01 × 47.28-53.19 µm broad.
Macrochemical reactions: 3% KOH and aniline water
gives violaceous black colour; 30% aqueous NaOH and
30% KOH gives dark violaceous black colour;
concentrated HNO gives translucent dark brick colour;
3
10% FeSO gives dark drab colour; 2% aq. Phenol gives
4
pale hazel colour; formalin gives faded bay colour.
Ecology: Growing in terrestrial, shady and moist
condition in humus rich Shorea robusta forest bed.
Solitary to scattered, uncommon and scanty in the
region. Local sources confirmed its edibility. Mycorrhizal
associations with Shorea robusta was also revealed.
Materials examined: India, West Bengal: Birbhum,
Ilambazar, terrestrial, in mycorrhizal association with Sal
tree, 18.07.2009, Prakash Pradhan, AMH 17, Gonpur
reserve forest, terrestrial, in mycorrhizal association with
Sal tree, 10.07.2008, Prakash Pradhan, AMH55.
Amanita ocreata Peck, Bull. Torrey bot. Club 36(6): 330
(1909)
NamesRecord.asp?RecordID=451380](Fig. 5)
Position in classification: Fungi, Basidiomycota,
Agaricomycotina, Agaricomycetes, Agaricomycetidae,
Agaricales, Amanitaceae, Amanita, Amanita ocreata.
Local name- Sal Chaatu (in Bengali).
Pileus 8 cm in diameter, shiny white in colour with
a pale yellowish brown area at the centre, surface moist,
glabrous, plane in shape having a slight depression at the
centre (Fig. 5), margin sulcate with marginal striations
extending 1.8-2.7 cm towards the centre, context thin,
1
[ http://www.indexfungorum.org/names/
Amanita banningiana: a. Basidiome; b. Basidium; c. Cystidium;
d. Basidiospores; e-f. Tramal hyphae; g-h. Stipitipellis;
i-k. Pileipellis; l-n. Volva elements. Bars: a = 1 cm; b-n = 10 µm.
Fig. 4
Amanita ocreata: a. Basidiome; b. Basidium; c. Cystidia;
d. Spores; e. Tramal hyphae; f-h. Pileipellis. Bars: a = 1 cm;
b-h = 10 µm.
Fig. 5
The Indian Forester Amanita from lateritic region of West Bengal
365
2012]
364 [April
appressed scales, base rhizoidal. Exannulate and volva
th
saccate, membranous, white, covering 1/8 of the stipe
from base.
Spores subglobose to ellipsoidal, refractive,
distinctly apiculate, 8.47 - 11.82 × 7.56 - 8.12 µm,
apiculus up to 0.91 µm long, inamyloid. Basidium clavate,
with refractive incrustations 35.46 - 38.81 × 11.11 - 13.95
µm, sterigmata (2-4) 1.18 µm long. Cystidia clavate, with
refractive incrustations 40.19-41.37 × 12.41-13.4 µm.
Tramal cells (i) polygonal to quadrangular, compact, thin
walled, hyaline 12.21-13.4 × 8.67-13.79 µm and (ii)
elongated, septate, thin walled, hyaline 39.4-66.98 ×
8.67-19.7 µm. Pileipellis composed of (i) long
trichomatous hyaline branched hyphae 3.63-6.30 µm
broad (ii) Hyaline elongated palisade cells 19.7-21.67 µm
broad. Pileus context composed of (i) Hyaline elongated
palisade cells 35.46-106.38 × 19.7 47.28 µm. (ii) long
trichomatous hyaline septate hyphae 3.94-4.41 µm
broad. Stipitipellis composed of hyaline elongated
palisade cells 15.76-33.1 µm broad. Stipe context
composed of hyaline elongated septate hyphae with
blunt ends 21.67-45.31 µm broad, and sometimes
culminating in to trichomatous hyaline septate 7.80-8.04
µm broad hyphae. Volva hyphae 3.15-7.88 µm broad,
hyaline trichomatous, septate.
Macrochemical reactions: 3% KOH gives faded orange
colour, aniline water gives peach colour, concentrated
HNO3gives lemon yellow colour, 30% aq. NaOH
gives hazel colour, 10% FeSO4 gives faded olivaceous
colour, 2% aq. Phenol has no change, formalin has
browning effect in wet preservation, and 30% KOH gives Pileus 22-60 mm in diameter, yellow to yellowish
hazel colour. buff in colour, surface shiny, moist, glabrous, convex to
Ecology: Growing in terrestrial, shady and moist hemispheric when young to broadly convex to
condition in humus rich Shorea robusta forest bed. moderately indented at maturity, smell pleasant, taste
Solitary to scattered, uncommon and scanty in the mild, margin sulcate striate, striations up to 15 mm from
region. Local sources confirmed its edibility. Mycorrhizal margin to centre (Fig. 4). Gill colour whitish yellow, 5-6
associations with Shorea robusta were also revealed. mm wide, spacing 1 mm at margin, lamellae regular, and
Material examined: India, West Bengal: Birbhum, lamellulae in one tier, gills finely adnexed to free, and
Gonpur reserve forest, terrestrial, in mycorrhizal margin even, concolorous. Stipe 72-97 mm long, 9-12
association with Sal tree, 10.07.2008, Prakash Pradhan, mm wide, with pale yellow fibrils on cream to pale yellow
AMH 11.ground colour, equal to bulbous at base, centrally
Amanita banningiana Tulloss nom. Prov. Tulloss RE. attached to the pileus, hollow; surface dull and minutely
2009. Amanita banningiana in Tulloss RE, Yang Z-L, eds. pubescent, appressed. Base rhizoidal, annulus skirt like,
Studies in the genus Amanita Pers. (Agaricales, Fungi). yellowish, striate, membranous, persistent, attached to
[http://eticomm.net/~ret/amanita/species/banningi.ht the stipe halfway down then hanging, edge sometimes
ml]. (Fig. 4) thickened, sometimes with white to whitish yellow
subm em bran ou s pie ce s of limb us inter nus
Position in classification : Fungi, Basidiomycota, appendiculate from edge. Volva saccate, white,
Agaricomycotina, Agaricomycetes, Agaricomycetidae, rd
membranous to thickened, covering up to 1/3 of the
Agaricales, Amanitaceae , Amanita, Amanita stipe from base.
banningiana.Basidiospores ellipsoidal to subglobose, glabrous,
Local name: Tarmal Oat (in Santali)
apiculate 9.85-12.02 × 7.8-7.88 µm, inamyloid. Basidium white, unchanging on cutting or bruising. Lamellae
tetrasterigmatic, hyaline, 27.58-35.46 × 8.08-10.64 µm, white, thin, free, regular, 8.5-9 mm wide and spacing of 1-
sterigmata straight, 3.15-3.63 µm long. Cystidia clavate 2 mm, margin entire, concolorous, lamellulae double
to elongated with refractive encrustations, 27.19-47.28 × tired. Stipe white, 6 cm in long, 1-1.2cm broad, glabrous
8.24-12.02 µm. Hymenial cells clavate to elongate, to squamulose, squamules mostly appressed, white on
hyaline, numerous with vacuolar elements 27.58-35.46 × creamy white ground, cylindrical, hollow, flesh white,
5.32-8.04 µm. Tramal cells composed of (i) aseptate, surface moist, centrally attached to the pileus. Annulus
branched, highly refractive, mostly apically rounded skirt like, white, extending broadly from the gill
hyphae 2.96-7.09 µm broad and (ii) thin walled, septate attachment region to surround 1/5-1/6 the upper part of
mostly apically pointed hyphae 10.24-19.86 µm broad. the stipe, with fine striation, margin incurved. Base
Pileipellis composed of (i) irregular, thick walled cells rhizoidal, volva saccate, white, membranous, sheathing
rd
126.08-204.88 × 11.43-29.55 µm, (ii) thin walled 1/3 of the stipe from base.
branched, septate cells with cellular inclusions 2.96-5.91 Basidiospores 9.46-12.77 × 8.27-11.66 µm,
µm broad and (iii) thin walled elongated hyaline loosely globose to ellipsoidal, thick walled, inamyloid, white in
packed cells 47.28-118.2 × 8.27-19.7 µm. Stipitipellis mass, apiculus oblique to straight and hyaline, elongated,
composed of elongated, hyaline, thin walled cells joined 1.8-2 µm, intine smooth to irregular, wall 0.71-1.58 µm
end to end 19.7-59.1 × 5.91-11.82 µm. Stipe context wide. Basidium tetrasterigmatic, clavate, 20.49-28.37 ×
composed of elongated, hyaline, thin walled cells joined 15.56-15.84 µm, sterigmata straight, 3.94-4.02 µm long.
end to end mostly easily separable 19.7-88.65 × 7.88- Pleurocystidia abundant, clavate, encrusted, 24.03-
11.94 µm. Volva composed of (i) septed, hyaline, 3.94- 35.46 × 8.08-13 µm. Tramal cells 3.86-6.7 µm broad,
7.88 µm broad, (ii) elongated hyaline parenchymatous refractive, smooth, aseptate. Pileipellis interwoven with
cells 14.97-17.73 µm broad, (iii) subglobose to ellipsoidal
hyaline cells 55.16-65.01 × 47.28-53.19 µm broad.
Macrochemical reactions: 3% KOH and aniline water
gives violaceous black colour; 30% aqueous NaOH and
30% KOH gives dark violaceous black colour;
concentrated HNO gives translucent dark brick colour;
3
10% FeSO gives dark drab colour; 2% aq. Phenol gives
4
pale hazel colour; formalin gives faded bay colour.
Ecology: Growing in terrestrial, shady and moist
condition in humus rich Shorea robusta forest bed.
Solitary to scattered, uncommon and scanty in the
region. Local sources confirmed its edibility. Mycorrhizal
associations with Shorea robusta was also revealed.
Materials examined: India, West Bengal: Birbhum,
Ilambazar, terrestrial, in mycorrhizal association with Sal
tree, 18.07.2009, Prakash Pradhan, AMH 17, Gonpur
reserve forest, terrestrial, in mycorrhizal association with
Sal tree, 10.07.2008, Prakash Pradhan, AMH55.
Amanita ocreata Peck, Bull. Torrey bot. Club 36(6): 330
(1909)
NamesRecord.asp?RecordID=451380](Fig. 5)
Position in classification: Fungi, Basidiomycota,
Agaricomycotina, Agaricomycetes, Agaricomycetidae,
Agaricales, Amanitaceae, Amanita, Amanita ocreata.
Local name- Sal Chaatu (in Bengali).
Pileus 8 cm in diameter, shiny white in colour with
a pale yellowish brown area at the centre, surface moist,
glabrous, plane in shape having a slight depression at the
centre (Fig. 5), margin sulcate with marginal striations
extending 1.8-2.7 cm towards the centre, context thin,
1
[ http://www.indexfungorum.org/names/
Amanita banningiana: a. Basidiome; b. Basidium; c. Cystidium;
d. Basidiospores; e-f. Tramal hyphae; g-h. Stipitipellis;
i-k. Pileipellis; l-n. Volva elements. Bars: a = 1 cm; b-n = 10 µm.
Fig. 4
Amanita ocreata: a. Basidiome; b. Basidium; c. Cystidia;
d. Spores; e. Tramal hyphae; f-h. Pileipellis. Bars: a = 1 cm;
b-h = 10 µm.
Fig. 5
The Indian Forester Amanita from lateritic region of West Bengal
366 367The Indian Forester 2012][April
Acknowledgement
The authors are grateful to Department of Environment, Government of West Bengal for financial assistance
and local people for all the possible help and guidance.
SUMMARY
Four species of Amanita were collected from lateritic region of West Bengal during the field trips of 2008-2009. One of the
collected species Amanita vaginata was previously reported from this region; however three fungal species including. A. vaginata, A.
vaginata var. alba and A. banningiana are reported as new which were considered edible by the local residents.
Key words: Lateritic zone, macrofungi, Amanita vaginata, morphological features.
References
Acharya, K. and R. Acharya (2001). Cyathus and Geastrum – An addition to Darjeeling mycoflora. Indian Forester, 127 : 950 – 952.
Acharya, K. and T.P. Bhutia (2003). Two new contributions to the thelephoraceae of Eastern Himalaya. Indian Forester, 129 : 1051 – 1052.
Acharya, K., M. Rai and S. Sen (2004a). Otidia onotica – A new record from Sikkim Himalaya. Indian J. Appl. Pure Biol., 19: 215-217.
Acharya, K., M. Rai, J. Subba and S. Gurung (2004b). Two new species of Lactarius – new report from Darjeeling. Indian J. Appl. Pure Biol.,
19: 63 – 66.
Acharya, K., M. Rai, N.P. Rai and S. Sen (2004c). Three new species of Russula: Addition to the macrofungi of Sikkim. Indian Forester,
130 : 953-955.
if'pe caxky ds ysVjkbVh {ks=k ls ,esfuVk
izdk'k iz/ku] 'kHkadj cuthZ] vfujcu jk; ,oa d`".ksUnq vkpk;kZ
lkjka'k
if'pe caxky ds ysVjkbVh {ks=k ls 2008&2009 ds {ks=k Hkze.k ds nkSjku ,esfuVk dh pkj iztkfr;ka ,d=k dh xbZA ,df=kr iztkfr esa ls ,d
,esfuVk osftukVk dks iwoZ esa bl {ks=k ls lwfpr fd;k x;k gSA rFkkfi] ,- osftukVk fdLe ,Yck vkSj ,- cSfuuft;kuk lfgr rhu dodh iztkfr;ka u,
ds :i esa lwfpr dh xbZ gSa] ftUgsa LFkkuh; fuokfl;ksa }kjk [kkus ;ksX; le>k x;k gSA
(i) thin walled, irregular margined 23.25-23.64 µm broad and its adjoining areas of West Bengal, where,
hyaline cells; (ii) 8.27-9.06 µm broad hyaline hyphae topographic, edaphic, climatic and others factors
tapered parallel (5.91 µm) at the base; (iii) branched determining the fungal floristic composition of the area
refractive oleiferous hyphae, 11.82-15.76 µm broad, were discussed and 67 macrofungi belonging to 23
golden yellow in colour. families were enumerated. Shajahan and Samajpati
(1995) have reported the occurrence of Russula lepida
Ecology: Growing in terrestrial, shady and moist Fr., Russula cyanoxantha (Schaeffel) Fr. Cke., Russula
condition in humus rich Shorea robusta forest bed. vesca Fr., Russula delica Fr., Russula pectinata (Bull.) Fr.,
Solitary, very uncommon and rare in the region. Boletus piperatus (Bull. ex Fr.) Kuntze., Pulveroboletus
Mycorrhizal associations with Shorea robusta was also shoreae Singh and Singh, and Astraeus hygrometricus
revealed. No report was found regarding its edibility (Pers.) Morg., from the Sal forest region of Midnapur
from the region. district. Gupta (1984a) reported the occurrence of
Material examined: India, West Bengal: West Midnapur, Amanita vaginata (Bull. ex Fr.) Vill., Boletellus
Kailibandh, terrestrial, in mycorrhizal association with Sal obscurecoccineus V. Hohn., Porphyrellus malaccensis
tree, 26.07.2009, Prakash Pradhan, AMH34.(Pat & Baker) Singer, Phaeomarasmius erinaceous (Fr.)
Discussion Kuhn. from Birbhum district. A number of Polyporaceae
There has been very discrete macrofungal forays in namely Polyporus alveolaris (DC:Fr.) Bond & Sing.,
lateritic region of West Bengal in the past. Macrofungi Polyporus ciliates Fr. Amylosporus campbelli (Berk.) Ryv.,
belonging to the families of Agaricaceae, Polyporaceae Cerrena leonina (Klotzsch) De, Daedalopsis flavida (Lev.)
and Astreaceae are reported to be the dominant in the Roy and Mitra, Flavodon flavus (Kl.) Ryv. etc. were
region (Ray and Samajpati, 1976). Agaricales were mainly reported by Roy and De (1996) from lateritic region of
surveyed by Ray and Samajpati, 1976, 1980a, 1980b; Roy West Bengal. To the best of our knowledge, two species
and Samajpati, 1981; Gupta, 1984a, 1984b; Shajahan and a variety of Amanita namely Amanita banningiana
and Samajpati, 1995 etc. Ray and Samajpati in 1976 put Tulloss nom. Prov., Amanita ocreata peck. and Amanita
forward an account of the fungus flora (mainly vaginata var. alba Gillet were reported for the first time
Basidiomycetes) of some places of the Bankura district from this area.
Acharya, K., P. Pradhan and B. Bhoumik (2009). Pluteus cervinus (Schaeff.) P. Kumm.: An addition to The Macrofungi of West Bengal, India. J.
Environ. Sociobiol., 6(2): 119-122.
Acharya, K., R. Pradhan, M. Bhattacharya, J. Choudhury, P. Pradhan and M. Rai (2005). On new records of three species of Macrofungi,
Helvella from Darjeeling hills. J. Environ. Sociobiol., 2(1&2): 81-84.
Acharya, K., Rai, M., Rai, N. P. and S. Giri (2003). Two new records of Agaricales around Darjeeling hills. J. Mycopathol. Res., 41: 113 – 114.
Bhatt, R.P., R.E. Tulloss, K.C. Semwal, V.K. Bhatt, J.M. Moncalvo and S.L. Stephenson (2003). Amanitaceae reported from India. A critically
annotated checklist. Mycotaxon, 88: 249-270.
Gupta, D. (1984a). Some Tropical edible mushrooms of West Bengal. Indian J. Mycol. Res., 22(2): 149-150.
Gupta, D. (1984b). Studies on mushrooms of Birbhum district, West Bengal Indian J. Mycol. Res., 22(1): 63-64.
Kumar, A., R.P. Bhatt and T.N. Lakhanpal (1990). The Amanitaceae of India. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh Publication, Dehradun.
Largent, D.L. (1973). How to identify mushrooms to genus I: Macroscopic features. Mad River Press, CA. pp 86.
Largent, D.L., D. Johnson and R. Watling (1977). How to identify mushrooms to genus III: Microscopic Features. Mad River Press, CA. pp 148.
Lodge, D.J., J.F. Ammirati, T.E. O'Dell and G.M. Mueller (2004). Collecting and describing macrofungi. In: Biodiversity of Fungi, Inventory and
Monitoring (Mueller, G.M., G.F. Bills, and M.S. Foster (eds.) Elsevier Academic Press, London. pp 127-172.
Rai, M., S. Sen, B.B. Dutta and K. Acharya (2005). Some additions to the Coprinaceae of Sikkim Himalaya. J. Mycopathol. Res., 4: 101-103.
Ramsbottom, J. (1965). In: A handbook of the larger British fungi, Alden & Mowbray Ltd. Great Britain.
Ray, S. and N. Samajpati (1976). Agaricales of West Bengal: IV. Indian J. Mycol. Res., 17(2): 65-69.
Ray, S. and N. Samajpati (1979). Agaricales of West Bengal: IV. Indian J. Mycol. Res., 17(2): 65-69.
Ray, S. and N. Samajpati (1980a). Agaricales Of West Bengal: V. Indian J. Mycol. Res., 18(1): 33-37.
Ray, S. and N. Samajpati (1980b). Agaricales Of West Bengal: VI. Indian J. Mycol. Res., 18(2): 87-96.
Roy, A. and A.B. De (1996). Polyporaceae of India. International Book Distributor. Dehradun, India. pp 309.
Roy, A. and N. Samajpati (1981). Edible mushrooms of West Bengal IV. Termitomyces striatus (Beeli) Heim. Indian J. Mycol. Res., 19(2): 47-50.
Shajahan, M.D. and N. Samajpati (1995). Ectomycorrhizal Fungi of Shorea robusta Gaertn. from West Bengal. J. Mycopathol. Res., 33(2): 105-
117.
Singer, R. (1986). The Agaricales in modern taxonomy. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh Publication, Dehradun.
Amanita from lateritic region of West Bengal
366 367The Indian Forester 2012][April
Acknowledgement
The authors are grateful to Department of Environment, Government of West Bengal for financial assistance
and local people for all the possible help and guidance.
SUMMARY
Four species of Amanita were collected from lateritic region of West Bengal during the field trips of 2008-2009. One of the
collected species Amanita vaginata was previously reported from this region; however three fungal species including. A. vaginata, A.
vaginata var. alba and A. banningiana are reported as new which were considered edible by the local residents.
Key words: Lateritic zone, macrofungi, Amanita vaginata, morphological features.
References
Acharya, K. and R. Acharya (2001). Cyathus and Geastrum – An addition to Darjeeling mycoflora. Indian Forester, 127 : 950 – 952.
Acharya, K. and T.P. Bhutia (2003). Two new contributions to the thelephoraceae of Eastern Himalaya. Indian Forester, 129 : 1051 – 1052.
Acharya, K., M. Rai and S. Sen (2004a). Otidia onotica – A new record from Sikkim Himalaya. Indian J. Appl. Pure Biol., 19: 215-217.
Acharya, K., M. Rai, J. Subba and S. Gurung (2004b). Two new species of Lactarius – new report from Darjeeling. Indian J. Appl. Pure Biol.,
19: 63 – 66.
Acharya, K., M. Rai, N.P. Rai and S. Sen (2004c). Three new species of Russula: Addition to the macrofungi of Sikkim. Indian Forester,
130 : 953-955.
if'pe caxky ds ysVjkbVh {ks=k ls ,esfuVk
izdk'k iz/ku] 'kHkadj cuthZ] vfujcu jk; ,oa d`".ksUnq vkpk;kZ
lkjka'k
if'pe caxky ds ysVjkbVh {ks=k ls 2008&2009 ds {ks=k Hkze.k ds nkSjku ,esfuVk dh pkj iztkfr;ka ,d=k dh xbZA ,df=kr iztkfr esa ls ,d
,esfuVk osftukVk dks iwoZ esa bl {ks=k ls lwfpr fd;k x;k gSA rFkkfi] ,- osftukVk fdLe ,Yck vkSj ,- cSfuuft;kuk lfgr rhu dodh iztkfr;ka u,
ds :i esa lwfpr dh xbZ gSa] ftUgsa LFkkuh; fuokfl;ksa }kjk [kkus ;ksX; le>k x;k gSA
(i) thin walled, irregular margined 23.25-23.64 µm broad and its adjoining areas of West Bengal, where,
hyaline cells; (ii) 8.27-9.06 µm broad hyaline hyphae topographic, edaphic, climatic and others factors
tapered parallel (5.91 µm) at the base; (iii) branched determining the fungal floristic composition of the area
refractive oleiferous hyphae, 11.82-15.76 µm broad, were discussed and 67 macrofungi belonging to 23
golden yellow in colour. families were enumerated. Shajahan and Samajpati
(1995) have reported the occurrence of Russula lepida
Ecology: Growing in terrestrial, shady and moist Fr., Russula cyanoxantha (Schaeffel) Fr. Cke., Russula
condition in humus rich Shorea robusta forest bed. vesca Fr., Russula delica Fr., Russula pectinata (Bull.) Fr.,
Solitary, very uncommon and rare in the region. Boletus piperatus (Bull. ex Fr.) Kuntze., Pulveroboletus
Mycorrhizal associations with Shorea robusta was also shoreae Singh and Singh, and Astraeus hygrometricus
revealed. No report was found regarding its edibility (Pers.) Morg., from the Sal forest region of Midnapur
from the region. district. Gupta (1984a) reported the occurrence of
Material examined: India, West Bengal: West Midnapur, Amanita vaginata (Bull. ex Fr.) Vill., Boletellus
Kailibandh, terrestrial, in mycorrhizal association with Sal obscurecoccineus V. Hohn., Porphyrellus malaccensis
tree, 26.07.2009, Prakash Pradhan, AMH34.(Pat & Baker) Singer, Phaeomarasmius erinaceous (Fr.)
Discussion Kuhn. from Birbhum district. A number of Polyporaceae
There has been very discrete macrofungal forays in namely Polyporus alveolaris (DC:Fr.) Bond & Sing.,
lateritic region of West Bengal in the past. Macrofungi Polyporus ciliates Fr. Amylosporus campbelli (Berk.) Ryv.,
belonging to the families of Agaricaceae, Polyporaceae Cerrena leonina (Klotzsch) De, Daedalopsis flavida (Lev.)
and Astreaceae are reported to be the dominant in the Roy and Mitra, Flavodon flavus (Kl.) Ryv. etc. were
region (Ray and Samajpati, 1976). Agaricales were mainly reported by Roy and De (1996) from lateritic region of
surveyed by Ray and Samajpati, 1976, 1980a, 1980b; Roy West Bengal. To the best of our knowledge, two species
and Samajpati, 1981; Gupta, 1984a, 1984b; Shajahan and a variety of Amanita namely Amanita banningiana
and Samajpati, 1995 etc. Ray and Samajpati in 1976 put Tulloss nom. Prov., Amanita ocreata peck. and Amanita
forward an account of the fungus flora (mainly vaginata var. alba Gillet were reported for the first time
Basidiomycetes) of some places of the Bankura district from this area.
Acharya, K., P. Pradhan and B. Bhoumik (2009). Pluteus cervinus (Schaeff.) P. Kumm.: An addition to The Macrofungi of West Bengal, India. J.
Environ. Sociobiol., 6(2): 119-122.
Acharya, K., R. Pradhan, M. Bhattacharya, J. Choudhury, P. Pradhan and M. Rai (2005). On new records of three species of Macrofungi,
Helvella from Darjeeling hills. J. Environ. Sociobiol., 2(1&2): 81-84.
Acharya, K., Rai, M., Rai, N. P. and S. Giri (2003). Two new records of Agaricales around Darjeeling hills. J. Mycopathol. Res., 41: 113 – 114.
Bhatt, R.P., R.E. Tulloss, K.C. Semwal, V.K. Bhatt, J.M. Moncalvo and S.L. Stephenson (2003). Amanitaceae reported from India. A critically
annotated checklist. Mycotaxon, 88: 249-270.
Gupta, D. (1984a). Some Tropical edible mushrooms of West Bengal. Indian J. Mycol. Res., 22(2): 149-150.
Gupta, D. (1984b). Studies on mushrooms of Birbhum district, West Bengal Indian J. Mycol. Res., 22(1): 63-64.
Kumar, A., R.P. Bhatt and T.N. Lakhanpal (1990). The Amanitaceae of India. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh Publication, Dehradun.
Largent, D.L. (1973). How to identify mushrooms to genus I: Macroscopic features. Mad River Press, CA. pp 86.
Largent, D.L., D. Johnson and R. Watling (1977). How to identify mushrooms to genus III: Microscopic Features. Mad River Press, CA. pp 148.
Lodge, D.J., J.F. Ammirati, T.E. O'Dell and G.M. Mueller (2004). Collecting and describing macrofungi. In: Biodiversity of Fungi, Inventory and
Monitoring (Mueller, G.M., G.F. Bills, and M.S. Foster (eds.) Elsevier Academic Press, London. pp 127-172.
Rai, M., S. Sen, B.B. Dutta and K. Acharya (2005). Some additions to the Coprinaceae of Sikkim Himalaya. J. Mycopathol. Res., 4: 101-103.
Ramsbottom, J. (1965). In: A handbook of the larger British fungi, Alden & Mowbray Ltd. Great Britain.
Ray, S. and N. Samajpati (1976). Agaricales of West Bengal: IV. Indian J. Mycol. Res., 17(2): 65-69.
Ray, S. and N. Samajpati (1979). Agaricales of West Bengal: IV. Indian J. Mycol. Res., 17(2): 65-69.
Ray, S. and N. Samajpati (1980a). Agaricales Of West Bengal: V. Indian J. Mycol. Res., 18(1): 33-37.
Ray, S. and N. Samajpati (1980b). Agaricales Of West Bengal: VI. Indian J. Mycol. Res., 18(2): 87-96.
Roy, A. and A.B. De (1996). Polyporaceae of India. International Book Distributor. Dehradun, India. pp 309.
Roy, A. and N. Samajpati (1981). Edible mushrooms of West Bengal IV. Termitomyces striatus (Beeli) Heim. Indian J. Mycol. Res., 19(2): 47-50.
Shajahan, M.D. and N. Samajpati (1995). Ectomycorrhizal Fungi of Shorea robusta Gaertn. from West Bengal. J. Mycopathol. Res., 33(2): 105-
117.
Singer, R. (1986). The Agaricales in modern taxonomy. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh Publication, Dehradun.
Amanita from lateritic region of West Bengal
