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New and noteworthy species of lichens and allied fungi
from North-Eastern Poland
KRYSTYNA CZYŻEWSKA1, JURGA MOTIEJŪNAITĖ2 and STANISŁAW CIEŚLIŃSKI3
1Department of Algology and Mycology, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16,
PL-90-237 Łódź, czyzew@biol.uni.lodz.pl
2Institute of Botany, Department of Mycology, Žaliuju ežeru 49,
LT-08406 Vilnius, mikojm@botanika.lt
3Institute of Biology, Świętokrzyska Academy, Świętokrzyska 15,
PL-25-406 Kielce, sciesl@pu.kielce.pl
Czyżewska K., Motiejūnaitė J., Cieśliński S. New and noteworthy species of lichens
and allied fungi from North-Eastern Poland. Acta Mycol. 40 (2): 277-291, 2005.
54 new species of lichenized, lichenicolous and saprobic fungi were found in the
nature reserves of Augustowska Forest – Starożyn, Mały Borek and Kozi Rynek, and in
Biebrzański National Park. The following species are: new to Poland – Multiclavula mucida
and Polycoccum pulvinatum; reported for the first time from the Polish lowlands – Biatora
chrysantha, Normandina pulchella and Microcalicium ahlneri; new to N Poland – Leptorhaphis
epidermidis; new to NE Poland – Arthrorhaphis aeruginosa, Epicladonia sandstedei, E.
stenospora, Lichenomphalia umbellifera, Reichlingia leopoldii and Verrucaria bryoctona.
Key words: lichens, lichenicolous and saprobic fungi, new species, old-growth forests,
distribution, Augustowska Forest, Biebrzański National Park, Poland
INTRODUCTION
Present paper aims in reporting the results of investigations on lichens and allied
fungi in the Polish part of Augustowska Forest and Biebrzański National Park. The
investigation was carried out in August 2005 as a part of study on model lichen biota
of lowland old-growth forests in Poland, Lithuania and Belarus, especially on the
diversity of species connected with natural forests.
Best preserved biocoenoses of deciduous and coniferous forests – part of the na-
ture reserves Mały Borek, Starożyn and Kozi Rynek in Augustowska Forest as well
as fragments of old forests in the Biebrzański National Park were selected as objects
of the present investigations. The forests under the study occupy large areas and
represent woodland types characteristic of North-Eastern Poland and neighbouring
countries.
ACTA MYCOLOGICA
Vol. 40 (2): 277-291
2005
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Ca. 365 taxa of lichens had been known before from the Augustowska Forest
(including the Wigierski National Park) (Zielińska 1969; Cieśliński 2003 and
literature cited therein) and ca. 185 taxa had been known from the Biebrzański Na-
tional Park (Cieśliński 2003; Sparrius 2003). There are no previous data on
lichenicolous fungi and saprobes, traditionally included into the lichen lists in these
areas.
Our investigations add to the knowledge on the diversity of forest lichen species
as well as lichenicolous and allied saprobic fungi in the heritage areas of European
nature.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Lichens, lichenicolous and saprobic fungi were collected in six sites of the Au-
gustowska Forest and Biebrzański National Park (Fig. 1):
1. Augustów Plain mesoregion, the Augustowska Forest (Puszcza Augustowska),
Starożyn nature reserve, 53o52’N/23o21’E, ATLICHEN grid squere Bg31, forest sec-
tion Nos 191-211, typical and moist fertile oak-linden-hornbeam forest Tilio-Carpine-
tum with old Quercus robur, Carpinus betulus, Tilia cordata, Picea abies, streamside
alder-ash forest Circaeo-Alnetum and black alder bog forest Ribo nigri-Alnetum with
Alnus glutinosa, Fraxinus excelsior, pine-spruce forest Peucedano-Pinetum with Pinus
sylvestris, Picea abies, Populus tremula, etc. 7-8 August 2005.
2. Augustowska Forest mesoregion, Mały Borek nature reserve, 53o52’N/23 o18’E,
Bg31, old pine-spruce forest. 7 August 2005.
3. Biebrza Basin mesoregion, the Augustowska Forest, Kozi Rynek nature re-
serve, 53o 48’N/23o13’E, Bg40; forest section No. 169, typical and moist fertile oak-
linden-hornbeam forest, streamside alder-ash forest, moist oak-spruce forest; forest
section No. 113, border of the reserve, pine-spruce forest. 12 August 2005.
4. Biebrza Basin mesoregion, the Biebrzański National Park [NP] (Biebrzański
Park Narodowy), 53o36’N/22o52’E, Bf 68, alt. 111m, between the Grzędy forestry and
animal rehabilitation center, forest section No. 136, scarp of forest road along the
rehabilitation center, thermophilic grassland with young Betula pendula and Quercus
robur. 10 August 2005.
5. The Biebrzański National Park, Bf68, Grzędy Forest, forest section Nos 148,
147, 146, pine-spruce forest on dunes, black alder bog and streamside alder-ash for-
est, oak-linden-hornbeam forest; forest section No. 144, educational track “Czer-
wone Bagno”, pine bog forest Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum.11 August 2005.
6. The Biebrzański National Park, Osowiec-Twierdza, Fort II Zarzeczny,
53o31’N/22o39’E, Bf 77, alt. 125 m, concrete ruins of fortifications of the World War
I. 11 August 2005.
Collected specimens were determined according to routine lichenological meth-
ods. The collections are deposited in the following herbaria: LOD (the University
of Łódź), BILAS (the Institute of Botany inVilnius) and KTC (the Świętokrzyska
Academy in Kielce). In the list every species is provided with following information:
name (nomenclature follows S antesson et al. (2004) and Index Fungorum (2005),
substrate, herbarium in which specimen(s) is/are deposited, in some cases also notes
on distribution in Poland and other European countries.
Abbreviations: * - lichenicolous fungus; + - saprobic fungus.
278 K. Czyżewska et al.
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LIST OF SPECIES
Absconditella lignicola Ve˘zda & Pišút
Specimen examined: 1 – on decaying stump in pine forest. LOD.
Notes: New to the Augustowska Forest.This inconspicuous lichen is known from
many countries in Europe (montane and lowland cool temperate areas) and also
from Asia (Siberia) and North America, though it is still rarely reported. In NE
Poland it is known now from 4 localities (Cieśliński 2003), but its occurrence is
highly probable in all less disturbed forest areas with mixed deciduous-coniferous
and spruce stands.
Anisomeridium polypori (Ellis & Everh.) M.E. Barr
Specimen examined: 1 – on trunk of Fraxinus excelsior. BILAS, LOD.
Fig. 1. Location of investigated sites (1-6) in the Augustowska Forest and Biebrzański Na-
tional Park.
New and noteworthy species 279
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Notes: New to the Augustowska Forest. This lichen is rarely recorded in Eastern and
East-Central Europe (e.g. only 3 localities in NE Poland, acc. to C ieśliński 2003)
though common throughout the western part of the continent. This situation pro-
bably arises due to taxonomic confusion: A. polypori is rarely recorded in the region,
meanwhile A. biforme commonly appears in many inventory lists of Eastern Europe.
However, the latter species is thought to be oceanic and most of previous records
in Central Europe have proved to be A. polypori (e.g. see P oelt and Türk 1994).
This might be true in the case of Eastern Europe, as the descriptions of A. biforme in
older references, such as Golubkova (1966), Nowak and T obolewski (1975),
Makarevich (1977) are more applicable to A. polypori. Lettau (1912), when
reporting A. biforme from eastern Prussia (nowadays Kaliningrad region of Russia)
expresses doubts of the species identity.
Arthonia leucopellaea (Ach.) Almq.
Specimen examined: 3 – on bark of trunk of Tilia cordata and overgrowing thalli of
Graphis scripta. BILAS, LOD.
Notes: New to Kozi Rynek reserve. The second record in the Augustowska Forest.
The species is rare in Eastern and East-Central European lowlands and is red-listed
in several European countries (Motiejūnaitė 2005). It is assumed to be an indi-
cator species for old and biologically rich forests in Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Esto-
nia and Sweden (E k and A uzin¸ š 1998; A n dersson et al. 2000; N i tare 2000;
Motiejūnaitė et al. 2004).
Arthonia muscigena Th. Fr.
Specimen examined: 3 – on epiphytic mosses on trunk of Quercus robur. BILAS.
Notes: New to the Augustowska Forest. This inconspicuous lichen was recorded
before only twice in Poland (C ieśliński 2003; F ałtynowicz 2003). It is a sub-
oceanic species and its known easternmost distribution does not reach further that
NE Poland and Baltic countries (Motiejūnaitė et al. 2005).
*Arthrorhaphis aeruginosa R. Sant. & Tønsberg
Hosts: Cladonia ochrochlora Flörke and Cladonia spp. (squamules).
Specimens examined: 1 – on trunk of an old Betula sp., 3 – on decaying tree stump in
swampy mixed forest. BILAS, LOD.
Notes: New to NE Poland. This lichenicolous fungus, causing specific discolora-
tion of the host tissues (Fahselt et al. 2000) is known now from an increasing
number of European countries, it is also reported from North America. In Poland
it is known from montane part of the country and from northern part of the country
(Fałtynowicz 2003).
Bacidia bagliettoana (A. Massal. & De Not.) Jatta
Specimen examined: 4 – on soil on earth bank along forest road in more or less open
situation. BILAS.
Notes: New to the Biebrzański NP. This rather common terricolous and muscicolous
lichen is quite common in NE Poland, especially in its eastern part (C ieśliński
2003) and is still probably overlooked due to insufficient study of suitable habitats.
280 K. Czyżewska et al.
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Bacidia subincompta (Nyl.) Arnold
Specimen examined: 1 – on trunk of Populus tremula. KTC.
Notes: The second record in the Augustowska Forest. This epiphytic lichen is mainly
confined to natural or close to natural deciduous and mixed forests. It is not very
commonly recorded in NE Poland (Cieśliński 2003), meanwhile in neighbouring
Lithuania it is known from 25 localities (Motiejūnaitė, unpubl. data).
Bacidia vermifera (Nyl.) Th. Fr.
Specimen examined: 1 – on trunk of Quercus robur. KTC.
Notes: New to Starożyn reserve; the second record of the species in NE Poland
(Cieśliński 2003); rare in whole Poland (Fałtynowicz 2003).
Biatora chrysantha (Zahlbr.) Printzen
Specimen examined: 1– on epiphytic mosses on trunk of Quercus robur. BILAS.
Notes: New to the Polish lowlands. The lichen has been reported only from Western
and Eastern Carpathians (Fałtynowicz 2003). B. chrysantha is generally rarely
reported in Central Europe and reason for this is mainly that the lichen is sorediate
and mostly sterile (Printzen and Palice 1999). Another reason for its rarity is
that the lichen requires high humidity which is characteristic only for little disturbed
forests.
Chaenotheca chlorella (Ach.) Müll. Arg.
Specimen examined: 3 – on trunk of Quercus robur. LOD.
Notes: The second record in the Augustowska Forest. A lichen of high ecological
requirements, assumed to be an indicator species for old and biologically rich forests
in Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and Sweden (E k and A uzin¸š 1998; A n -
dersson et al. 2000; N i tare 2000; Czyżewska and Cieśliński 2003; Mo -
tiejūnaitė et al. 2004).
*Chaenothecopsis pusilla (Ach.) A.F.W. Schmidt
Host: Hypocenomyce scalaris (Ach.) M. Choisy (thallus).
Specimen examined: 3 – on trunk of old Pinus sylvestris. LOD.
Notes: New to Kozi Rynek reserve. Generally rather rarely recorded species, but
probably overlooked.
Cladonia caespiticia (Pers.) Flörke
Specimen examined: 3 – on decaying tree stump in swampy mixed forest. BILAS,
LOD.
Notes: New to the Augustowska Forest. The third record in NE Poland (C ie śliński
2003). This lichen is confined to old forests and is rare to very rare also in adjacent
countries – Lithuania and Belarus (Golubkov 1987; Motiejūnaitė 2002).
Cladonia norvegica Tønsberg & Holien
Specimens examined: 1 – on trunk of an old Betula pendula, 3 – on decaying log and
stump. BILAS, LOD.
Notes: New to the Augustowska Forest. From the Polish lowlands, this species
has been reported only twice before – from the Knyszyńska Forest in NE Poland
New and noteworthy species 281
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(Cieśliński 2003) and Lasy Janowskie Landscape Park (H. Wójciak, pers.
comm.). In Eastern and East-Central European lowlands, the lichen is known from
the region of the Baltic sea (M o tiejūnaitė 2005) and is still rarely reported.
Cladonia ramulosa (With.) J.R. Laundon
Specimen examined: 1 – on fallen trunk of Quercus robur. BILAS.
Notes: New to Starożyn reserve; the second record in Augustowska Forest. This sub-
oceanic species is rarely reported from eastern part of Europe. Besides, due to spe-
cific ecological requirements it is often subject of confusion: outside oceanic parts
of the continent this lichen prefers moisture-retaining substrate and therefore most
often is found on decaying wood. On this substrate C. ramulosa becomes morpho-
logically very similar to C. parasitica and in some cases can be distinguished only by
chemical reactions. The latter species also is ecologically more demanding, prefer-
ring old, little disturbed forests.
Cladonia turgida Hoffm.
Specimen examined: 5 – soil on earth bank along forest road. BILAS, LOD.
Notes: New to the Biebrzański NP. In the last several decades this species shows
tendencies towards decline in the region. The same is also observed in neighbouring
Lithuania (M o tiejūnaitė 2002).
*Clypeococcum hypocenomycis D. Hawksw.
Host: Hypocenomyce scalaris (Ach.) M. Choisy (thallus).
Specimens examined: 1, 2, 3, 5 – on trunks of Pinus sylvestris. BILAS, LOD.
Notes: New to the Augustowska Forest and Biebrzański NP. Known from a number
of European countries and from North America. Probably one of the commonest li-
chenicolous fungi in the region, known from numerous localities in Poland (Kukwa
et al. 2002; C zyżewska 2003; Kukwa 2004, 2005, etc.).
*Epicladonia sandstedei (Zopf) D. Hawksw.
Host: Cladonia coniocraea (Flörke) Spreng. (squamules).
Specimen examined: 3 – on decaying tree stump in swampy mixed forest. BILAS,
LOD.
Notes: New to NE Poland. The species has wide circumpolar distribution, it is re-
ported from many European countries, Asia and North America. In Poland it was
so far known only from the northern part of the country [Ac43, Bc52] (Kukwa et
al. 2002; Kukwa 2004).
*Epicladonia stenospora (Harm.) D. Hawksw.
Host: Cladonia coniocraea (Flörke) Spreng. (squamules).
Specimen examined: 1 – on fallen trunk of Quercus robur. BILAS.
Notes: New to NE Poland. E. stenospora is more rarely reported than E. sandste-
dei: it is known from scattered finds mainly in Western and Central Europe also
from South America. This is the second recent record of the species in Poland (see
Kukwa 2004 – Ac98).
282 K. Czyżewska et al.
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Fellhanera gyrophorica Sérus., Coppins, Diederich & Scheideg.
Specimen examined: 5 – on trunk of Quercus robur. BILAS.
Notes: New to the Biebrzański NP. This recently described species with subconti-
nental distribution is found in increasingly more localities in Eastern and East-Cen-
tral Europe during the last years (Motiejūnaitė and Prigodina-Lukošienė
2002; Motiejūnaitė et al. 2003). In NE Poland it was so far known from the
Borecka, Knyszyńska and Białowieska Forests (Cieśliński 2003).
Fellhanera subtilis (Vězda) Diederich & Sérus.
Specimen examined: 5 – on twigs of Picea abies. BILAS, LOD.
Notes: New to the Biebrzański NP. F. subtilis was recorded for the first time in Po-
land as late as 1997 (Miądlikowska 1997) and since then this species has been
reported from a number of localities, mainly in Southern and Northern Poland
(Fałtynowicz 2003).
Fellhaneropsis vezdae (Coppins & P. James) Sérus. & Coppins
Specimen examined: 1 – on trunk of Alnus glutinosa. BILAS.
Notes: New to the Augustowska Forest. This lichen is included into the list of old-
growth forest indicator species of the Polish lowlands and Lithuania (Czyżewska
and C ieśliński 2003; Motiejūnaitė et al. 2004), known from two localities
in NE Poland before (C i e śliński 2003) and from 7 localities in Central Poland
(Czyżewska, unpubl. data; Łubek 2003 and Hachułka 2005), probably over-
looked.
Hypocenomyce anthracophila (Nyl.) P. James & Gotth. Schneid.
Specimen examined: 3 – on trunk of Pinus sylvestris, edge of the reserve in pine-
spruce forest. BILAS, LOD.
Notes: New to Kozi Rynek reserve. A species mainly connected with fire-related
disturbances in coniferous forests. In boreal zone it is considered to be an indicator
of biological values connected with forest fire-related disturbances (Nitare 2000).
* Illosporium carneum Fr.
Host: Peltigera didactyla (With.) J.R. Laundon (thallus).
Specimen examined: 4 – soil on earth bank along forest road more or less open situ-
ation. BILAS.
Notes: New to the Biebrzański NP. A common peltigericolous fungus with circumpo-
lar distribution, known from many localities in various parts of Poland (Czyżewska
2003; Fałtynowicz 2003; Kukwa 2004, 2005).
Lecanactis abietina (Ach.) Körb.
Specimen examined: 3 – on trunks of Quercus robur, Picea abies, Alnus glutinosa and
Populus tremula. BILAS, LOD.
Notes: New to the Augustowska Forest. Very rare in the Polish lowlands
(Fałtynowicz 2003), assumed to be an indicator species for old and biologically
rich forests in Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and Sweden (E k and A u z i ņš
1998; Andersson et al. 2000; Nitare 2000; Motiejūnaitė et al. 2004).
New and noteworthy species 283
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Lecanora thysanophora R.C. Harris
Specimens examined: 1 – on trunk of Alnus glutinosa, 3 – on trunk of Quercus robur.
LOD, 5 – on trunk of Carpinus betulus. 24 September 1987, leg. S. Cieśliński, det. M.
Kukwa. KTC.
Notes: New to the Augustowska Forest, it was, however, probably recorded from the
area before under the name of Haematomma ochroleucum (see e.g. K owalewska
and Kukwa 2003).
+Leptorhaphis epidermidis (Ach.) Th. Fr.
Specimens examined: 1, 3, 4 – on trunks of Betula pendula. BILAS, LOD.
Notes: New to N Poland. Very rare in Poland (Fałtynowicz 2003, as L. epider-
mis), probably very often overlooked.
*Lichenoconium erodens M.S. Christ. & D. Hawksw.
Hosts: Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl. and Cladonia coniocraea (Flörke) Spreng.
(thalli).
Specimens examined: 1 – on trunk of an old Betula sp., 2, 5 – on trunk of Picea abies.
BILAS, LOD.
Notes: New to the Augustowska Forest and Biebrzański NP. One of the commonest
lichenicolous fungi, known from numerous localities in Poland from various hosts
(Fałtynowicz 2003).
*Lichenoconium lecanorae (Jaap) D. Hawksw.
Host: Lecanora chlarotera Nyl. (apothecia).
Specimen examined: 5 – on trunk of Acer platanoides. BILAS.
Notes: New to the Biebrzański NP. A common lichenicolous fungus, known from
various localities in Poland (Fałtynowicz 2003).
Lichenomphalia umbellifera (L.: Fr.) Redhead et al.
Specimens examined: 1, 2, 3 – on moist lignum of a decaying stumps, 5 – on decaying
wood and plant remnants on humus rich-soil (together with Placynthiella icmalea
(Ach.) Coppins & P. James). BILAS, LOD.
Notes: New to NE Poland. In the Polish lowlands known from Słowiński National
Park (Bujakiewicz and Lisiewska 1983), Gdańskie Pomerania (K u k w a and
Zwolicki 2004); recently recorded also on the Babia Góra massif (Bielczyk
2004; W ę grzyn 2004).
*Marchandiomyces aurantiacus (Lasch) Diederich
Host: Physcia caesia (Hoffm.) Fürnr. (thallus).
Specimen examined: 6 – on old concrete. BILAS, LOD.
Notes: This species is now known from four localities in Poland (Kukwa 2004).
Melaspilea gibberulosa (Ach.) Zwackh
Specimen examined: 1 – on trunk of Alnus glutinosa. BILAS.
Notes: New to Starożyn reserve. The third record in the Augustowska Forest
(Cieśliński 2003), a species with high ecological requirements, connected with
old deciduous forests.
284 K. Czyżewska et al.
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Micarea hedlundii Coppins
Specimen examined: 3 – on decaying tree stump in swampy mixed forest. BILAS,
LOD.
Notes: New to the Augustowska Forest. The species is still little known in Eastern
and East-Central Europe (M otiejūnaitė 2005) and is probably connected here
with natural forests. In Sweden it is considered to be a species of indicatory value for
biologically rich forests (Hallingbäck 1995).
+Microcalicium ahlneri Tibell
Specimens examined: 3 – on soft, decayed lignum of Quercus robur. BILAS, 5 – on
decayed lignum of Quercus robur in humid situation. BILAS, LOD.
Notes: New to the Polish lowlands. So far it was reported only from Tatry Mountains
(Alstrup and Olech 1990; Lisická 2005), probably overlooked.
+Microcalicium disseminatum (Ach.) Vain.
Specimen examined: 5 – on trunk of Quercus robur. LOD.
Notes: New to the Biebrzański NP. Assumed to be an indicator species for old-growth
forests in Poland and in Lithuania (M o tiejūnaitė et al. 2004).
Multiclavula mucida (Pers.) R.H. Petersen
Specimen examined: 1 – on fallen, decayed tree trunk. BILAS, LOD.
Notes: New to Poland. This basidiolichen is known from a number of cool tempe rate
and montane areas in several European countries (see L isická 2005) as well as in
North America. Probably more common in natural humid forests, but difficult to
distinguish when sterile.
+Mycocalium subtile (Pers.) Szatala
Specimen examined: 1 – on the decaying wood. 17 September 1986, leg. S. Cieśliński,
rev. A. Titov. KTC.
Notes: New to the Augustowska Forest. This species has been reported from Budzisk
reserve in the Knyszyńska Forest [Cg02] (Czyżewska et al. 2002) only. A very
common species of dry wood in early decay stages, but very often overlooked.
Normandina pulchella (Borrer) Nyl.
Specimen examined: 1 – on epiphytic mosses growing on cut trunk of an old Quercus
robur with bark. BILAS, LOD, KTC.
Notes: New to the Polish lowlands. This species is known only from the Carpathi-
ans and Sudety Mountains (Fałtynowicz 1999, 2003; see also L isická 2005). A
very unusual record of this suboceanic-montane lichen, probably the farthest locality
eastwards in the European lowlands.
Ochrolechia alboflavescens (Wulfen) Zahlbr.
Specimen examined: 1 – on trunk of Fraxinus excelsior. KTC.
Notes: New to the Augustowska Forest. The third record in NE Poland (C ie śliński
2003).
New and noteworthy species 285
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Peltigera canina (L.) Willd.
Specimen examined: 2 – on a grassy bank along a forest road. LOD.
Notes: New to Mały Borek reserve. A rather common lichen species, the record
novelty indicating gaps in lichen diversity inventory.
Pertusaria hemisphaerica (Flörke) Erichsen
Specimen examined: 3 – on trunk of Quercus robur. BILAS.
Notes: New to Kozi Rynek reserve. Suboceanic species, assumed to be an indicator
species for old and biologically rich forests in Poland, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia
(E k and A uzin¸ š 1998; A n dersson et al. 2000; M o t i e j ūnaitė et al. 2004).
Probably not extending further eastwards than Baltic countries and Eastern Poland,
part of the records corresponding to Ochrolechia androgyna.
*Phaeopyxis punctum (A. Massal.) Rambold, Triebel & Coppins
Host: Cladonia coniocraea (Flörke) Spreng. (squamules).
Specimen examined: 1 – on trunk of an old Betula pendula. LOD.
Notes: New to the Augustowska Forest. This species is known from the Białowieski
National Park, forest section No 256 [Cg55] (Czyżewska et al. 2001; Kukwa et
al. 2002; see also Kukwa 2005) and the Knyszyńska Forest [Cg02] (Czyżewska
et al. 2002).
*Phoma sp.
Host: Protoparmeliopsis muralis (Schreb.) M. Choisy (apothecia).
Specimen examined: 6 – on old concrete. BILAS.
Notes: The specimen, undetermined at species level, is characterised by ellipsoid
conidia 3-5 x 1.5-2 μm, conidiogenous cells 4-5 μm diam. and conidiomata 50-65
μm diam. The species is very similar to Phoma lecanorina Diederich (D iederich
1986), differing in slightly wider, virtually globose conidiogenous cells, wider conidia
and the host (Lecanora expallens in Ph. lecanorina).
*Polycoccum pulvinatum (Eitner.) R. Sant.
Host: Physcia caesia (Hoffm.) Fürnr. (thallus).
Specimen examined: 6 – on old concrete. BILAS.
Notes: New to Poland. This is a widely distributed lichenicolous fungus, known from
both hemispheres and recorded from numerous European countries.
Pycnora sorophora (Vain.) Hafellner
Specimen examined: 3 – on trunk of Pinus sylvestris, edge of the reserve. BILAS,
LOD.
Notes: New to Kozi Rynek reserve. Until recently in was considered to be a rare spe-
cies in the country, but the latest data shows it to be a common component of pine
forest lichen biota (Kubiak et al. 2003).
Reichlingia leopoldii Diederich & Scheideg.
Specimens examined: 1, 3, 5 – on trunks of Quercus robur. BILAS, LOD.
Notes: New to NE Poland. The first and only record of R. leopoldii is from Jar rzeki
Raduni reserve [Ac98] (Kukwa 2004). The species was described as lichenicolous
286 K. Czyżewska et al.
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fungus growing on unknown sterile lichen with Trentepohlia as a photobiont (Die-
derich and Scheidegger 1996). In the protologue, the possibility of various
hosts is discussed and finally it is decided that the host could represent an unde-
scribed species. Numerous observations of growth peculiarities of this species in
Lithuania (38 localities are known at present, in part of them it is abundant) and
Northern and Central Poland (6 localities – Czyżewska, unpubl. data and M. Kukwa,
pers. comm.) suggest that R. leopoldii could be a hyphomycetous anamorph of the
lichen itself and not a lichenicolous fungus.
+Sarea difformis (Fr.) Fr.
Specimen examined: 1 – on resin of Picea abies. BILAS, LOD.
Notes: New to the Augustowska Forest. Very rarely recorded in whole country
(Fałtynowicz 2003).
+Sarea resinae (Fr. ex Fr.) Kuntze (together with an anamorph Pycnidiella resinae
(Fr. ex Fr.) Höhnel)
Specimens examined: 1, 2 – on resin of Picea abies. BILAS, LOD.
Notes: New to the Augustowska Forest. Known from several localities in NE Poland,
though only in an anamorph stage (Fałtynowicz 2003).
Sclerophora pallida (Pers.) Y. Jao & Spooner
Specimen examined: 1 – on trunk of Alnus glutinosa. BILAS, LOD.
Notes: New to the Augustowska Forest. Rare species in whole country (Fałtynowicz
2003), assumed to be an indicator species for old and biologically rich forests in Po-
land, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and Sweden (E k and A uzi ņš 1998; Andersson
et al. 2000; Nitare 2000; Motiejūnaitė et al. 2004).
*Taeniolella punctata M.S. Christ & D. Hawksw.
Host: Graphis scripta (L.) Ach. (thallus).
Specimen examined: 3 – on trunk of hornbeam. LOD.
Notes: New to the Augustowska Forest. Recently reported from Poland (Jando
and Kukwa 2003; Kukwa 2005).
Thelocarpon lichenicola (Fuckel) Poelt & Hafellner
Specimen examined: 1 – on moist lignum of a decaying stumps. BILAS, LOD.
Notes: New to the Augustowska Forest. The second record in NE Poland
(Cieśliński 2003).
Thelotrema lepadinum (Ach.) Ach.
Specimens examined: 3 – on trunk of Populus tremula and Quercus robur. BILAS,
LOD, 5 – on trunk of old Carpinus betulus. LOD.
Notes: New to Kozi Rynek reserve and the Biebrzański NP. Indicator species for
old and biologically rich forests in Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and Sweden
(E k and Auzin¸š 1998; Andersson et al. 2000; Nitare 2000; Czyżewska and
Cieśliński 2003; Motiejūnaitė et al. 2004).
New and noteworthy species 287
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Verrucaria bryoctona (Th. Fr.) Orange
Specimen examined: 4 – soil on earth bank along forest road in more or less open
situation. BILAS.
Notes: New to NE Poland. Probably more common, but suitable habitats insuffi-
ciently searched.
*Vouauxiomyces santessonii D. Hawksw.
Host: Platismatia glauca (L.) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. (thallus).
Specimens examined: 1, 2 – branches of Picea abies and Quercus robur. BILAS,
LOD.
Notes: New to the Augustowska Forest. Widely distributed in montane and cool
temperate parts of Europe and North Africa (Canary Islands), in Poland is so far
known only from the Borecka Forest [Bf13] (Kukwa et al. 2002).
*Xanthoriicola physciae (Kalchbr.) D. Hawksw.
Host: Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th. Fr. (apothecia)
Specimen examined: 5 – on trunk of Populus tremula. LOD.
Notes: New to the Biebrzański NP. A very common lichenicolous fungus, known
from numerous European countries and North Africa (Canary Islands), known also
from a number of localities in NE Poland.
CONCLUSIONS
• 33 species of lichens, 15 species of lichenicolous and 6 species of saprobic fun-
gi were collected. In total this makes 54 taxa previously not recorded in the reserves
Starożyn, Mały Borek and Kozi Rynek in Augustowska Forest and in Biebrzański Na-
tional Park. Two species – Multiclavula mucida and Polycoccum pulvinatum are new to
Poland; three species are reported for the first time from the Polish lowlands – Biatora
chrysantha, Normandina pulchella and Microcalicium ahlneri, six species are new to
NE Poland – Lichenomphalia umbellifera, Reichlingia leopoldii, Verrucaria bryoctona,
Arthrorhaphis aeruginosa, Epicladonia sandstedei and E. stenospora, and Leptorhaphis
epidermidis is new to N Poland.
• The present research add 17 taxa to the lichen biota of the Augustowska Forest
known so far, as well as 8 lichenicolous and 5 saprobic fungi. 7 new lichen taxa as well
as 7 species of lichenicolous and 3 of saprobic fungi are added to biota of the Biebrzański
National Park.
• The Augustowska Forest was established as a biocenter for lichen diversity and
is an important locality for old-growth forest indicators in NE Poland and Lithuania
(Motiejūnaitė et al. 2004). After present investigation the number of indicator
species in the forest has increased from 34 to 44. The following species were added
to the list: Arthonia leucopellaea, Calicium adspersum, Chaenotheca chlorella, Cla-
donia norvegica, Fellhaneropsis vezdae, Hypotrachyna revoluta, Lecanactis abietina,
Micarea hedlundii, Schismatomma pericleum and Sclerophora pallida.
• Starożyn nature reserve is an important refuge for lichen diversity within the Au-
gustowska Forest complex – 29 indicators of old-growth forests were found in the reserve
earlier (Czyżewska and Cieśliński 2003 – as old-growth forest indicators of the
Polish lowlands). The present study added three more indicator species: Cladonia nor-
288 K. Czyżewska et al.
Acta40vol2.indd 288Acta40vol2.indd 288 2006-02-05 14:01:022006-02-05 14:01:02
vegica, Fellhaneropsis vezdae and Sclerophora pallida. Thus the present list of indicator
species comprises 32 species.
• Although the list of indicator species increased, reverse process was noted as well:
several important old-growth forest indicators were not recorded during present investi-
gations, i.e. Lobaria pulmonaria and Thelotrema lepadinum, which were reported to be
common in the Starożyn nature reserve in the 1960s (Z ielińska 1969). This is probably
due to cutting of the oldest trees, especially oaks and disturbance of water regime con-
nected with drainage of surrounding agricultural areas (see Z ielińska l.c.).
Acknowledgements. We are indebted to anonymous reviewer for suggestions on the manuscript. We wish
to thank Dr. Małgorzata Ruszkiewicz-Michalska for compiling the map of location of study sites.
The work was supported in part by the University of Łódź grant No. 505/396.
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Nowe oraz interesujące gatunki porostów i innych grzybów znalezione
w Polsce Północno-Wschodniej
Streszczenie
W pracy przedstawiono 54 gatunki porostów, grzybów naporostowych (*) i saprobiontów
(+) dotychczas nie wykazywanych w rezerwatach Starożyn, Mały Borek i Kozi Rynek w Puszczy
Augustowskiej oraz w Biebrzańskim Parku Narodowym, biocentrach gatunków starych lasów.
Dwa z tych taksonów, Multiclavula mucida (zlichenizowane Basidiomycota) i *Polycoccum
pulvinatum, są nowe dla bioty Polski, trzy – nowe dla Polski Niżowej: Biatora chrysantha,
Normandina pulchella i +Microcalicium ahlneri, jeden – nowy dla Polski Północnej: +Lepto-
rhaphis epidermidis oraz sześć – nowych dla Polski Północno-Wschodniej: *Arthrorhaphis
aeruginosa, *Epicladonia sandstedei, *E. stenospora, Lichenomphalia umbellata (zlichenizowane
Basidiomycota), Reichlingia leopoldii (zlichenizowane Hyphomycetes) i Verrucaria bryoctona.
Materiały zebrano w sierpniu 2005 r. w ramach badań nad lichenologicznym modelem niżo-
wych starych lasów Polski, Litwy i Białorusi.
New and noteworthy species 291
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