First record of the genus Everniastrum Sipman (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) for the state of Paraná, Brazil

Abstract

Everniastrum is a pantropical genus that has been recorded for the Brazilian states of Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul. In this work, we present the first records of E. cirrhatum and E. vexans for the Brazilian state of Paraná. Comments and illustrations are provided.

Full text

1 Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Botânica, Laboratório de Liquenologia, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
2 Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
3 Author for correspondence: alice_gerlach@yahoo.com.br
Everniastrum Sipman occurs in tropical mountain ar-
eas (Hale 1976, Sipman 1980), usually on bryophytes and
in humid localities where mist and rain prevail for most
of the year (Sipman 1980). It is a pantropical genus with
centers of speciation in Asia, Central America and South
America (Elix 1993), occurring mainly in Mexico and in
the central Andes region, specifically in Ecuador and Peru
(Sipman 1986).
The oldest known reference to this genus in Brazil
is from Culberson & Culberson (1981), who mentioned
E. cirrhatum (Fr.) Sipman for the mountainous region of the
state of Rio de Janeiro. The genus is also known to occur
in the states of Minas Gerais and São Paulo (Ribeiro 1998),
as well as in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (Fleig 1985).
In the present study, we provide the first record of the
genus for the state of Paraná, where we identified two species:
E. cirrhatum and E. vexans (W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb.) Sipman.
We collected specimens during lichenological expedi-
tions to Caratuva Peak, near the municipality of Antonina,
which is in the Serra do Mar coastal mountain range, in the
state of Paraná, at an elevation of 1850 m. The specimens
were preserved and deposited in the Herbarium of the
Botany Department of the Federal University of Paraná
(code, UPCB). The morphological and anatomical analyses
were performed according to Gerlach & Eliasaro (2012). For
the identification of secondary metabolites, we employed
coloration tests of the cortex and medulla (Taylor 1967,
1968), together with thin layer chromatography (Culberson
& Ammann 1979; Elix & Ernst-Russell 1993).
Everniastrum cirrhatum (Fr.) Sipman, Mycotaxon 26:
237. 1986.
 Parmelia cirrhata Fr., Syst. Orb. Veg. (Lundae) 1: 283. 1825.
Fig. 1A and 1B
Description: Sipman (1980) and Yánez-Ayabaca (2009).
Coloration tests: upper cortex, K+ yellow; medulla, K+
yellow → red, C− and KC−.
Substances of taxonomic value detected by thin layer
chromatography: atranorin, salazinic acid and a non-
-identified fatty acid with an Rfc ≈ 47.
Everniastrum cirrhatum can be recognized by the absence
of propagules and the presence of salazinic acid in the
medulla. In the specimen analyzed, the conidia were bifu-
siform, measuring 5.0-5.5 (-6.0) × 1.0 μm, similar to those
described by Ribeiro (1998) and Yánez-Ayabaca (2009),
who reported E. cirrhatum conidia measuring 5.0-6.0 × 1.0
μm and 5.0-5.5 (-6.0) × 0.8 μm, respectively. Culberson &
Culberson (1981) and Sipman (1980), however, described
the conidia of this genus as bacilliform to short filiform,
measuring 5.0-7.0 × < 1.0 μm and 6.0-7.0 × 0.5 μm,
respectively. The lobes of the specimen analyzed here
measured 0.5-1.5 mm, slightly narrower than those
described by Sipman (1980) and Yánez-Ayabaca (2009),
who reported lobe widths of 0.8-2.0 (-3.0) mm and (0.7-)
Acta Botanica Brasilica 27(4): 851-853. 2013.
Short Communication
First record of the genus Everniastrum Sipman
(Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) for the state of Paraná, Brazil
Alice da Cruz Lima Gerlach1,3, Emerson Luiz Gumboski2 and Sionara Eliasaro1
Received: 17 August, 2012. Accepted: 23 September, 2013
ABSTRACT
Everniastrum is a pantropical genus that has been recorded for the Brazilian states of Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, São
Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul. In this work, we present the first records of E. cirrhatum and E. vexans for the Brazilian
state of Paraná. Comments and illustrations are provided.
Key words: lichenized Ascomycota, lichens, Mycota, upper montane rain forest

852
Alice da Cruz Lima Gerlach, Emerson Luiz Gumboski and Sionara Eliasaro
Acta bot. bras. 27(4): 851-853. 2013.
1.0-2.6 mm, respectively. Although both of those authors
mentioned the presence of numerous apothecia in the
material examined, those structures were not observed in
the specimen evaluated in the present study.
Although Everniastrum cirrhatum is not well known
in Brazil, Osorio & Fleig (1986) stated that the species is
likely undersampled and probably widely distributed in the
mountainous regions of Brazil. Everniastrum cirrhatum is
corticolous and occurs together with E. vexans on humid
slopes among bryophytes.
Distribution: Widely distributed in Asia, Africa and the
Americas (Sipman 1980). In South America, it is cited for
Argentina, Colombia, Peru and Venezuela (Sipman 1980);
for Bolivia (Feuerer et al. 1998); and for Chile and Ecuador
(Culberson & Culberson 1981). In Brazil, it occurs in the
states of Rio de Janeiro (Culberson & Culberson 1981), Rio
Grande do Sul (Fleig 1985) and São Paulo (Ribeiro 1998).
Material examined: BRAZIL. Paraná: Antonina, Pico
Caratuva, 06/VII/2011, A. Gerlach et al. 725.
Everniastrum vexans (W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb.) Sipman,
Mycotaxon 26: 242. 1986.
 Cetrariastrum vexans W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb., Bryologist
84(3): 294. 1981.
Fig. 2
Description: Sipman (1980) and Yánez-Ayabaca (2009).
Coloration tests: upper cortex, K+ yellow; medulla, K+
yellow → red, C− and KC−.
Substances of taxonomic value detected by thin layer
chromatography: atranorin and salazinic acid.
Everniastrum vexans can be differentiated from E. cirrhatum
basically by the presence of isidia. Like E. cirrhatum, E.
vexans has abundant cilia, ranging from simple to bifurcate,
1.0-3.0 mm in length, which are referred to as marginal
rhizines by Culberson & Culberson (1981) and as cilia by
Sipman (1980).
Culberson & Culberson (1981) and Yánez-Ayabaca (2009)
described E. vexans lobes as measuring 0.5-2.0 mm. However,
in the material analyzed here, the lobes were narrower (≤ 1.5
mm in width), similar to those described by Sipman (1980),
who reported a lobe width of 0.7-1.0 (-2.5) mm.
The species was found among bryophytes on a humid
slope, together with other lichenized fungi: Cladia aggregata
(Sw.) Nyl, Cladonia spp. and Heterodermia sp.
Distribution: Widely distributed in Asia, Africa and the
Americas (Sipman 1980). In South America, it has been
cited for Argentina (Culberson & Culberson 1981), as well
as for Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela (Sipman 1980).
In Brazil, it occurs in the states of Minas Gerais and São
Paulo (Ribeiro 1998), as well as in the state of Rio Grande
do Sul (Fleig 1985).
Material examined: BRAZIL. Paraná: Antonina, Pico
Caratuva, 06/VII/2011, A. Gerlach et al. 687.
Acknowledgments
The authors thank the lichenologist Dr. Michel Navarro
Benatti, for providing some of the bibliographic references,
as well as the Instituto Ambiental do Paraná (IAP, Paraná
State Environmental Institute), for granting the specimen
Figure 1. Everniastrum cirrhatum (Fr.) Sipman (A. Gerlach et al. 725).
A) E. cirrhatum in the field. B) E. cirrhatum in the laboratory. (Scale bar = 1 cm)
Figure 2. Everniastrum vexans (W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb.) Sipman (A. Gerlach
et al. 687). (Scale bar = 1 cm)

853
First record of the genus Everniastrum Sipman (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) for the state of Paraná, Brazil
Acta bot. bras. 27(4): 851-853. 2013.
collection permit. This study received financial support
from the Brazilian Coordenadoria de Aperfeiçoamento do
Pessoal do Ensino Superior (CAPES, Office for the Advance-
ment of Higher Education).
References
Culberson, C.F. & Ammann, K. 1979. Standard method zur Dünnschicht-
chomatographie von Flechtensubstanzen. Herzogia 5: 1-24.
Culberson, W.L. & Culberson, C.F. 1981. The genera Cetrariastrum and
Concamerella (Parmeliaceae): a chemosynthetic synopsis. The Bry-
ologist 84: 273-314.
Elix, J.A. 1993. Progress in the generic delimitation of Parmelia sensu
lato lichens (Ascomycotina: Parmeliaceae) and a synoptic key to the
Parmeliaceae. The Bryologist 96(3): 359-383.
Elix, J.A. & Ernst-Russell, K.D. 1993. A catalogue of standardized thin
layer chromatographic data and biosynthetic relationships for
lichen substances. 2nd ed. Canberra, Australian National University
Canberra.
Feuerer, T.; Ahti, T.; Vitikainen, O. 1998. Lichenological Investigations
in Bolivia. Pp. 71-86. In: Marcelli M. P. & Seaward M.R.D. (Eds.)
Lichenology in Latin America: history, current knowledge and
applications. São Paulo, CETESB.
Fleig, M. 1985. Estudo preliminar da família Parmeliaceae (Liquens) no
Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Comunicações do Museu de Ciências
PUCRS, Série Botânica 35: 799.
Gerlach, A.C.L. & Eliasaro, S. 2012. Liquens parmelioides eciliados (Par-
meliaceae, Ascomycota) em costões rochosos dos estados do Paraná
e Santa Catarina, Brasil. Acta Botanica Brasilica 26(3): 570-584.
Hale, M.E. 1976. Synopsis of a new lichen genus Everniastrum Hale (Par-
meliaceae). Mycotaxon 3: 345-353.
Osorio, H.S. & Fleig, M. 1986. Contribution to the Lichen Flora of Brazil XVIII.
Lichens from Itaimbezinho, Rio Grande do Sul, State. Comunicaciones
Botánicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo 4(75): 18.
Ribeiro, C.H. 1998. A família Parmeliaceae (Ascomycota liquenizados)
em regiões montanhosas dos estados de Minas Gerais, Rio de
Janeiro e São Paulo. M.Sc. Dissertation, Universidade de São Paulo,
São Paulo.
Sipman, H.J.M. 1980. Studies on Colombian cryptogams. X. The ge-
nus Everniastrum Hale and related taxa (Lichenes). Proceedings,
Koninklijke, nederlandse akademie van wetenschappen. Series C,
biological and medical sciences 83: 333-354.
Sipman, H. 1986. Notes on the lichen genus Everniastrum (Parmeliaceae).
Mycotaxon 26: 235-251.
Taylor, C.J. 1967. The lichens of Ohio. Part I. Foliose lichens. The Ohio
Biological Survey, Columbia, The Ohio State University Press.
Taylor, C.J. 1968. The lichens of Ohio. Part II. Fruticose and dimorphic
lichens. The Ohio Biological Survey. Columbia, The Ohio State
University Press.
Yánez-Ayabaca, A.A. 2009. Os gêneros Hypotrachyna e Everniastr um
(Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota Liquenizados) nas Províncias de Carchi
e Imbabura na Região Andina do Equador. M.Sc. Dissertation,
Universidade Federal do Paraná. http://dspace.c3sl.ufpr.br/ (Acesso
em 17/08/2012).
Online version: www.scielo.br/abb and http://www.botanica.org.br/acta/ojs