Some Lichenicolous Fungi and Lichens from Iceland, Including Lichenopeltella uncialicola sp. nov.

Abstract

Brackel, W. v. 2010. Some lichenicolous fungi and lichens from Iceland, including Lichenopeltella uncialicola sp. nov. — Herzogia 23: 93–109. Records of 57 species of lichenicolous fungi and lichens from Iceland, especially from the Northwest Fjords are presented. Agonimia globulifera, Arthonia phaeophysciae, Cercidospora cladoniicola, C. decolorella, C. parva, Clauzadeomyces verrucosus, Dacampia rufescentis, Echinothecium cladoniae, Endococcus macrosporus, E. verrucisporus, Intralichen lichenicola, Lichenoconium usneae, Merismatium decolorans, Phaeosporobolus usneae, Protothelenella santessonii, Scutula cladoniicola, Skyttea elachistophora, Sphaerellothecium cladoniae, S. cladoniicola, S. minutum, 5. stereocaulorum, Stigmidium gyrophorarum, Taeniolella diederichiana, and Zwackhiomyces martinatianus are new for Iceland. The muscicolous fungi Bryochiton microscopicus and Julella macrospora are also new for Iceland. The new species Lichenopeltella uncialicola is described.

Full text

Herzogia 23 (1), 2010: 93–109 93
Some lichenicolous fungi and lichens from Iceland, including
Lichenopeltella uncialicola sp. nov.
Wolfgang von Brackel
Abstract:Brackel, W. v. 2010. Some lichenicolous fungi and lichens from Iceland, including Lichenopeltella un-
cialicola sp. nov. – Herzogia 23: 93–109.
Records of 57 species of lichenicolous fungi and lichens from Iceland, especially from the Northwest Fjords are
presented. Agonimia globulifera, Arthonia phaeophysciae, Cercidospora cladoniicola, C. decolorella, C. parva,
Clauzadeomyces verrucosus, Dacampia rufescentis, Echinothecium cladoniae, Endococcus macrosporus, E. ver-
rucisporus, Intralichen lichenicola, Lichenoconium usneae, Merismatium decolorans, Phaeosporobolus usneae,
Protothelenella santessonii, Scutula cladoniicola, Skyttea elachistophora, Sphaerellothecium cladoniae, S. clado-
niicola, S. minutum, S. stereocaulorum, Stigmidium gyrophorarum, Taeniolella diederichiana, and Zwackhiomyces
martinatianus are new for Iceland. The muscicolous fungi Bryochiton microscopicus and Julella macrospora are also
new for Iceland. The new species Lichenopeltella uncialicola is described.
Zusammenfassung:Brackel, W. v. 2010. Einige lichenicole Pilze und Flechten von Island, einschließlich
Lichenopeltella uncialicola sp. nov. – Herzogia 23: 93–109.
Funde von 57 Arten flechtenbewohnender Pilze und Flechten aus Island, vor allem aus den Nordwestfjorden, wer-
den vorgestellt. Agonimia globulifera, Arthonia phaeophysciae, Cercidospora cladoniicola, C. decolorella, C. par-
va, Clauzadeomyces verrucosus, Dacampia rufescentis, Echinothecium cladoniae, Endococcus macrosporus, E.
verrucisporus, Intralichen lichenicola, Lichenoconium usneae, Merismatium decolorans, Phaeosporobolus usneae,
Protothelenella santessonii, Scutula cladoniicola, Skyttea elachistophora, Sphaerellothecium cladoniae, S. cladonii-
cola, S. minutum, S. stereocaulorum, Stigmidium gyrophorarum, Taeniolella diederichiana und Zwackhiomyces mar-
tinatianus sind neu für Island. Die muscicolen Pilze Bryochiton microscopicus und Julella macrospora sind ebenfalls
neu für Island. Die neue Art Lichenopeltella uncialicola wird beschrieben.
Key words: Biodiversity, muscicolous fungi, Northwest Fjords.
Introduction
According to the checklist of Kristinsson & HeiĈmarsson (2006) there are 738 lichens and
87 lichenicolous fungi known in Iceland. The number of lichens, compared with other regions
in Europe, may be due to the comparatively rare occurrence of forests containing very few
species of trees (Betula spp., Salix spp., and some planted conifers). The small number of li-
chenicolous fungi may result from the limited investigations of this group in Iceland (Orange
1990, Kristinsson 1999, Berger 2000, Svane & Alstrup 2004). An excursion of the author
to Iceland 2008 added 13 species to the list (Brackel in press). Together with the species
listed in this paper and some records from the literature, the list now comprises 137 species
(see www.ivl-web.de under “downloads”). Considering the enormous areas of nature almost
untouched by man and the sheer variety of habitats present, I am sure that this is but a small
part of Iceland’s wealth of lichenicolous fungi.

94 Herzogia 23 (1), 2010
During an excursion to the north western part of Iceland in 2009 I had the opportunity to col-
lect some lichenicolous fungi, lichenized or not, and several lichens occasionally occurring as
lichenicolous, overgrowing mostly dead lichens, which are presented here. Included are two
species found during the examination of herbarium material from AMNH. Also included are
two muscicolous ascomycetes, found by chance in specimens examined under the dissecting
microscope. Two species of Polycoccum on Placopsis spp. will be treated in a separate paper
(Brackel & Berger in prep.).
Material and Methods
The specimens were studied macroscopically with a Zeiss stereo microscope at magnifications
up to×40 and microscopically with an Olympus BX 51 microscope fitted with Normarski dif-
ferential interference contrast optics. Measurements were done using thin hand-cut sections
mounted in water, indicated as (minimum–)
X
ıx –
X
ıx (–maximum), followed by the
number of measurements; when less than 20 measurements were done, they are indicated as
minimum–maximum. The specimens are deposited in the herbarium of the author at the private
Institut für Vegetationskunde und Landschaftsökologie (hb ivl), the holotype of Lichenopeltella
uncialicola in M.
Results
Unless otherwise indicated all specimens have been collected by W. & G. von Brackel and
identified by the author. Species with an asterisk (*) are new for Iceland.
Abrothallus parmeliarum (Sommerf.) Arnold
Strandasýsla, Gálmaströnd SE Hólmavík, rocks near the coast, on Parmelia saxatilis,
65°38'16.3''N/21°31'06.9''W, 15m, 11.8.2009 (hb ivl 5187).
The species is widely distributed over both hemispheres. It was already mentioned for Iceland from
ĈLQJYDOODYDWQRQParmelia saxatilis by Berger (2000). In our specimen the host was co-infected by
Sphaerellothecium reticulatum.
*Agonimia globulifera Brand & Diederich
Bolungarvík, near golf course, fixed dunes, on Peltigera rufescens, 66°08'40.''N/23°14'33.6''W, 5m,
8.8.2009 (hb ivl 5209).
A lichenized species, growing on soil, rocks, or overgrowing mosses and lichens (Sérusiaux et al.
1999). It was reported from Peltigera rufescens by Aptroot et al. (2000) from the Netherlands. In
our specimen we did not see any sterile globuli, but with ascospores of 45–50 × 18 –25 µm, c. 40 cells
visible in optical section it is clearly distinguished from A. gelatinosa.
*Arthonia phaeophysciae Grube & Matzer
Snæfellsnessýsla, coast between Malarrif and Lóndrangar, lava rocks, on Phaeophyscia sciastra,
64°43'57.3''N/23°47'11.3''W, 20 m, 4.8.2009 (hb ivl 4990).
Arthonia phaeophysciae is a common parasite on Phaeophyscia orbicularis in Europe; it is also known
from other species of the genus Phaeophyscia in Europe and South America. The species was sepa-
rated from A. epiphyscia by Grube & Matzer (1997). The latter, restricted to hosts of the genus
Physcia, was found in Iceland on Physcia caesia by Svane & Alstrup (2004).
Arthonia stereocaulina (Ohlert) R.Sant.
 9HVWXU%DUÿDVWUDQGDUVêVOD '\QMDQGLVKHLÿL QHDU WKH FURVVLQJ RI WKH URDGV  DQG  ERXOGHUV DQG
open soil, on Stereocaulon arcticum, 65°41'27.3''N/23°11'37.2''W, 390m, 6.8.2009 (hb ivl 5108);

Brackel: Some lichenicolous fungi and lichens from Iceland, including Lichenopeltella uncialicola sp. nov. 95
Bolungarvík, Bolafjall W Bolungarvík, heath with bare soil, on S. arcticum (coinfected with
Cercidospora stereocaulorum), 66°10'44.9''N/23°19'59.8''W, 390m, 7.8.2009 (hb ivl 5146).
This species is growing on hosts of the genus Stereocaulon, but was also once reported on Dactylina
(see Alstrup & Hawksworth 1990). It is known from both hemispheres, but records are rare
(Chile, France, Greenland, Norway, Poland, Russia, Sweden) (Etayo & Sancho 2008, Hafellner
1994, Alstrup & Hawksworth 1990, Santesson et al. 2004, *EX]RS[MG^ 2003, Zhurbenko
&Hafellner 1999). Svane & Alstrup (2004) reported it from Iceland (Rangárvallasýsla) on
Stereocaulon sp.
Caloplaca cerina var. chloroleuca (Sm.) Th.Fr.
Bolungarvík, near golf course, fixed dunes, on Peltigera rufescens, 66°08'40.6''N/23°14'33.6''W, 5m,
8.8.2009 (hb ivl 5167 sub Rhagadostoma brevisporum, 5209 sub Agonimia globulifera).
This taxon is usually found living as an autonomous lichen on plant debris or above mosses. We found
it growing on moribund parts of the thallus of Peltigera rufescens; the thallus of Caloplaca cerina var.
chloroleuca was reduced to minute granules at the basal parts of the apothecia. The variety is widely
spread over the northern hemisphere.
Carbonea supersparsa (Nyl.) Hertel
 1RUÿXU,VDIMDUÿDUVêVODEHWZHHQ.DOGDOyQDQG'UDQJDM|NXOOEDUHVRLODQGSHEEOHVLQWKHUXQXSRIWKH
glacier, on Lecanora polytropa, 66°06'31.3''N/22°18'03.7''W, 35m, 10.8.2009 (hb ivl 5174).
This species, widely distributed in the northern hemisphere, was already mentioned for Iceland from
1RUÿXU0~ODVêVODOrangeDQGIURP6XÿXU0~ODVêVODBrackel, in press).
*Cercidospora cladoniicola Alstrup
 ÈUQHVVêVOD 1 ĈLQJYDOODYDWQ ( ĈLQJYHOOLU KHDWK RQ ODYD RQ Cladonia arbuscula var. squarrosa,
64°16'11.9''N/21°03'52.1''W, 140 m, 13.8.2009 (hb ivl 5198).
In our specimen we found some differences to the species protologue (Alstrup 1997): the ascomatal
wall is rather blackish green than brown, the asci are smaller (40 –55× 11µm vs. 60– 65 × 10 –11 µm),
and also the 3-septate ascospores are smaller (15 –17 × 4.5–5µm vs. 16 –20 ×5 –6 µm). Our observa-
tions fit better the description given by Zhurbenko & Alstrup (2004). Some of the infested parts of
the podetia are bleached; our specimen was co-infected with Sphaerellothecium cladoniicola.
The species is known from several European countries, mainly from the north (Svalbard, Denmark,
Norway, Russia, British Isles, and Germany), living on the podetia of Cladina species but also on
Cladonia pocillum and C. symphycarpa squamules (Zhurbenko & Alstrup 2004, Brackel 2007)
*Cercidospora decolorella (Nyl.) O.E.Erikss. & J.Z.Yue
 1RUÿXU,VDIMDUÿDUVêVODEHWZHHQ.DOGDOyQDQG'UDQJDM|NXOOEDUHVRLODQGSHEEOHVLQWKHUXQXSRIWKH
glacier, on moribund Solorina crocea, 66°06'31.3''N/22°18'03.7''W, 35m, 10.8.2009 (hb ivl 5173).
The species is widespread over the northern hemisphere (Zhurbenko et al. 1995, Zhurbenko &
Hafellner 1999, Zhurbenko 2002, Hawksworth 2003, Santesson et al. 2004). In our speci-
men the ascomata were situated on moribund parts of the thallus of Solorina crocea. The measure-
ments of 3–5-septate ascospores were 23–27×6 –7 µm. Cercidospora punctillata, which also lives
on Solorina crocea, has 3-septate ascospores of 18–20×5 – 6 µm (according to Nylander 1884) or
20–23.7× 5.3 –5.9 µm (according to Zopf 1897) and causes only a decolourisation of the host thallus.
Cercidospora epipolytropa (Mudd) Arnold
 ,VDIM|UÿXU %UHLÿDIHOO QHDU 7XQJD EHQHDWK WKH ZDWHUIDOO KHDWK RQ Lecanora polytropa,
66°03'39.3''N/23°12'21.6''W, 40m, 8.8.2009 (hb ivl 5161).
The species is widespread and common in the northern hemisphere, growing on Lecanora polytro-
pa and some related species. It was already known from Iceland (Hallgrimsson & Eyjólfsdóttir
2004).

96 Herzogia 23 (1), 2010
*Cercidospora parva Hafellner & Ihlen
 9HVWXU%DUÿDVWUDQGDUVêVOD7XQJXKHLÿL6:%tOGXGDOXUKHDWKZLWKEDUHVRLOQHDUVWUHDPRQBaeomyces
rufus, 65°39'26.3''N/23°39'48.4''W, 175m, 6.8.2009 (hb ivl 5102).
Cercidospora parva is restricted to species of the genus Baeomyces; it is known from the British
Isles, Germany, Norway, Russia and Sweden (Gilbert & Coppins 1992, Brackel 2009, Ihlen 1998,
Zhurbenko & Santesson 1996).
Cercidospora stereocaulorum (Arnold) Hafellner
 9HVWXU%DUÿDVWUDQGDUVêVOD 7XQJXKHLÿL 6: %tOGXGDOXU KHDWK ZLWK EDUH VRLO QHDU VWUHDP RQ
Stereocaulon sp., 65°39'26.3''N/23°39'48.4''W, 175m, 6.8.2009 (hb ivl 5103); Bolungarvík, Bolafjall
W Bolungarvík, heath with bare soil, on S. arcticum, 66°10'44.9''N/23°19'59.8''W, 390m, 7.8.2009 (hb
ivl 5146 sub Arthonia stereocaulina).
Cercidospora stereocaulorum is restricted to species of the genus Stereocaulon. The species is known
from several countries of the northern hemisphere, mainly from the arctic, boreal and alpine regions; it was
DOUHDG\UHFRUGHGLQ,FHODQGIURP6NHLÿDUiVDQGXURQStereocaulon alpinum (Svane & Alstrup 2004).
*Clauzadeomyces verrucosus Diederich
Mýrasýsla, N Borgarnes, small hill near the camping site, open soil with rubbles, on Placopsis gelida,
64°33'03.1''N/21°54'30.6''W, 10m, 1.8.2009 (hb ivl 4973); Snæfellsnessýsla, near Sönghellir on the
SE slope of the Snæfellsjökull, on rubble, on P. gelida, 64°46'55.5''N/23°40'43.6''W, c. 200m, 2.8.2009
(hb ivl 4976).
This species was known until now only from three locations in Belgium on Placopsis lambii (Diederich
1994).
Clypeococcum placopsiphilum Øvst. & D.Hawksw.
Arnessýsla, SE Hofjökull Glacier, Arnarfellsbrekka, on Placopsis gelida, 64°41'09.9''N/18°39'41.9''W,
±POHJ6WDUUL+HLÿPDUVVRQGHW:Y%UDFNHO$10+/$
This rare species was known from the Antarctic islands and from Russia (Øvstedal & Hawksworth
1986, Zhurbenko 2009) and was reported from Iceland, Skaftafell by Berger (2000).
Corticifraga peltigerae (Nyl.) D.Hawksw. & R.Sant.
 9HVWXU%DUÿDVWUDQGDUVêVODFRDVWDOSODLQEHWZHHQ/iWUDEMDUJDQG+YDOOiWXUIL[HGGXQHVRQPeltigera
rufescens, 65°31'05.6''N/24°28'53.7''W, 5m, 5.8.2009 (hb ivl 4995).
This species, parasitic on Peltigera spp. (and exceptionally on Solorina spp.), is distributed over both
KHPLVSKHUHV,WZDV DOUHDG\UHSRUWHGIRU,FHODQGIURP6XÿXUĈLQJH\MDUVêVODRQ Peltigera rufescens
and P. lepidophora (Orange 1990, as Phragmonaevia peltigerae;Hawksworth & Santesson 1990),
from Skaftafell on P. polydactylon (Berger 2000), and from Vatnsendi on P. didactylaĈyUVP|UNRQ
P. rufesensDQG)OMyWVGDOVKpUDÿRQP. lepidophora (Svane & Alstrup 2004).
*Dacampia rufescentis (Vouaux) D.Hawksw.
Bolungarvík, near golf course, fixed dunes, on Peltigera rufescens, 66°08'40.6''N/23°14'33.6''W, 5m,
8.8.2009 (hb ivl 5166).
The species is known from several countries in Europe (Estonia, France, Great Britain, Norway,
Spain, and Sweden) and from Argentina, growing on different species of the genus Peltigera (Suija
et al. 2009, Vouaux 1913, Hawksworth 2003, Santesson et al. 2004, Etayo & Diederich 1998,
Wedin 1994). In our specimen we found perithecia of 180–275µm diam., what is in agreement with
180–312µm diam. given by Vouaux (1913). Martínez (1999) measured diameters of 70–110µm in
material from Spain.
Dactylospora parellaria (Nyl.) Arnold
 ÈUQHVVêVOD +HLÿLQKi 1: ĈyUODNVK|IQ ODYD ERXOGHUV RQ Ochrolechia parella,
63°52'30.7''N/21°34'12.3''W, 195 m, 14.8.2009 (hb ivl 5182); Strandasýsla, Gálmaströnd SE Hólmavík,
rocks near the coast, on O. parella, 65°38'16.3''N/21°31'06.9''W, 15 m, 11.8.2009 (hb ivl 5192).

Brackel: Some lichenicolous fungi and lichens from Iceland, including Lichenopeltella uncialicola sp. nov. 97
The species is known from several countries in Europe, North America and Asia, but rarely re-
ported (Brodo 1995, van den Boom & Etayo 2000, Hawksworth 2003, Hafellner et al. 2004,
Santesson et al. 2004, Kristinsson et al. 2006, Brackel 2008). It was already reported from Iceland
(Kristinsson & HeiĈmarsson 2006).
*Echinothecium cladoniae.HLVVOQRPQXG
 ÈUQHVVêVOD 1 ĈLQJYDOODYDWQ ( ĈLQJYHOOLU KHDWK RQ ODYD RQ Cladonia arbuscula var. squarrosa,
64°16'11.9''N/21°03'52.1''W, 140 m, 13.8.2009 (hb ivl 5199).
Our specimen fits the descriptions for this fungus (Keissler 1930, Etayo 2002): superficial, small,
brown perithecia, c. 50µm diam., with stiff brown setae, 35 – 60 ×2–3 µm; perithecia arising from a
brown mycelium that forms a net on the host thallus; 8-spored asci, 35–37×10µm; hyaline to pale
brown, smooth, 1-septate ascospores, 11–13×4–5µm.
*Endococcus macrosporus (Arnold) Nyl.
Strandasýsla, Gálmaströnd SE Hólmavík, rocks near the coast, on Rhizocarpon geographicum,
65°38'16.3''N/21°31'06.9''W, 15m, 11.8.2009 (hb ivl 5184).
This easily recognizable species (the only gall-inducing Endococcus on Rhizocarpon) is widely dis-
tributed over both hemispheres. The specimen of E. perpusillus mentioned by Hallgrimsson &
Eyjólfsdóttir (2004) from Iceland on R. geographicum may belong to E. macrosporus, as E. perpu-
sillus was used as a synonym of E. macrosporus (Triebel 1989).
*Endococcus verrucisporus Alstrup
Mýrasýsla, N Borgarnes, small hill near the camping site, open soil with rubble, on Ionaspis lacustris,
64°33'03.1''N/21°54'30.6''W, 10m, 1.8.2009 (hb ivl 4973 sub Clauzadeomyces verrucosus).
The species is known from several European countries (Belgium, Denmark, France, Great Britain,
Norway, Czech Republic), and from Greenland (Sérusiaux et al. 1999, Alstrup et al. 1994, Hitch
2000, Alstrup 1997, Kocourková & van den Boom 2005, Alstrup et al. 2009), always growing on
Ionaspis lacustris. In our specimen the ascospores are little smaller than described by Alstrup et al.
(1994), 9–11×5.5–7µm vs. 10–12 × 6.5 –7.5 µm.
Epilichen glauconigellus (Nyl.) Hafellner
 9HVWXU%DUÿDVWUDQGDUVêVOD7XQJXKHLÿL6:%tOGXGDOXUKHDWKZLWKEDUHVRLOQHDUVWUHDPRQBaeomyces
rufus, 65°39'26.3''N/23°39'48.4''W, 175m, 6.8.2009 (hb ivl 5101).
The species is widely distributed in the northern hemisphere, especially in boreal, arctic and alpine regi-
ons (Hafellner 1979, Alstrup & Hawksworth 1990). It grows on various species of Baeomyces. It
ZDVDOUHDG\PHQWLRQHGIRU,FHODQGIURP6XÿXUĈLQJH\MDUVêVOD6N~WXVWDÿLUDW0\YDWQE\Hafellner
DQGIURP¬UQHVVêVODĈLQJYHOOLU0LÿIHOOVODQGE\Svane & Alstrup (2004).
Epilichen scabrosus (Ach.) Clem.
 ÈUQHVVêVOD1+YHUDJHUÿLEDUH VRLOQHDUVWUHDPRQBaeomyces rufus, 64°02'25.8''N/21°13'09.1''W,
250m, 13.8.2009 (hb ivl 5201).
The species is widely distributed over the northern hemisphere and is known as a parasite of diffe-
rent Baeomyces species (Hafellner 1979). In an advanced stage it develops an own thallus. It was
already mentioned for Iceland by Hafellner (1979) from Árnessýsla, Arnarfellsver and by Svane
& AlstrupIURP$UQDUIM|ÿXULQ9HVWXUËVDIMDUÿDUVêVOD9DODKQM~NXULQ5DQJiUYDOODV\VODDQG
%~UIHOOVKUDXQLQ6XÿXUĈLQJH\MDUVêVOD
Intralichen christiansenii (D.Hawksw.) D.Hawksw. & M.S.Cole
 1RUÿXU,VDIMDUÿDUVêVOD 5H\NMDQHV URFNV DW WKH FRDVW RQ GHVWUR\HG DSRWKHFLD RIXanthoria parietina,
65°55'46.8''N/22°25'34.3''W, 5m, 9.8.2009 (hb ivl 5171); Strandasýsla, Gálmaströnd SE Hólmavík, rocks
near the coast, on the thallus of X. parietina, 65°38'16.3''N/21°31'06.9''W, 15m, 11.8.2009 (hb ivl 5189).
This species is widespread in the northern hemisphere and also reported from Australasia, infesting the
thallus and apothecia of several lichen species. It was already reported for Iceland (as Bispora chris-

98 Herzogia 23 (1), 2010
tiansenii'+DZNVZIURP9HVWXU6NDIWDIHOOVVêVOD+|IÿDEUHNNDRQCatillaria chalybeia (Berger
2000). It is overlooked and usually only seen under the microscope. In specimen 5189, the species was
mixed with Intralichen lichenicola.
*Intralichen lichenicola (M.S.Christ. & D.Hawksw.) D.Hawksw. & M.S.Cole
Strandasýsla, Drangsnes, basaltic rock in meadow, on Arctoparmelia incurva, 65°41'21.7''N/21°26'12.3''W,
10m, 10.8.2009 (hb ivl 5181); Strandasýsla, Gálmaströnd SE Hólmavík, rocks near the coast, on the
thallus of Xanthoria parietina, 65°38'16.3''N/21°31'06.9''W, 15 m, 11.8.2009 (hb ivl 5189 sub I. chris-
tiansenii).
This hyphomycete is known from several countries in the northern hemisphere and also from Chile,
growing on many different lichen species (Hawksworth 1979, Alstrup & Hawksworth 1990,
Alstrup & Elvebakka 1996, Zhurbenko 1996, Sérusiaux et al. 1999, Hawksworth & Cole
2002, Santesson et al. 2004, van den Boom & Etayo 2006, Etayo & Sancho 2008). In specimen
5181 the fungus grows on the moribund parts of the thallus but it was not possible to decide whether
the fungus is parasitic or saprophytic on decaying parts of thallus. In Arctoparmelia incurva, the fun-
gus seems to kill the central parts of the thallus.
*Lichenoconium usneae (Anzi) D.Hawksw.
Snæfellsnessýsla, Stykkishólmur, hill between golf course and camping site, heath on siliceous rocks,
on Cetraria muricata, 65°04'16.1''N/22°43'43.5''W, 30m, 4.8.2009 (hb ivl 4994).
This species grows on several mainly foliose and fruticose lichens, and is distributed over both he-
mispheres (e.g. Hawksworth 1981, Alstrup & Hawksworth 1990, Olech & Alstrup 1996,
Diederich 2003, Hawksworth & Cole 2004, Hafellner & John 2006, Etayo & Sancho 2008).
Lichenopeltella cetrariae (Bres.) Höhn.
 9HVWXU%DUÿDVWUDQGDUVêVOD 7XQJXKHLÿL 6: %tOGXGDOXU KHDWK QHDU VWUHDP RQ Cetraria islandica,
1:PKELYO0êUDVêVOD6XUWVKHOOLU1(+~VDIHOOODYD
boulders and bare soil, on C. islandica, 64°47'05.2''N/20°43'17.1''W, 345m, 12.8.2009 (hb ivl 5193);
ÈUQHVVêVOD+HLÿLQKi1:ĈyUODNVK|IQODYDERXOGHUVRQC. islandica, 63°52'30.7''N/21°34'12.3''W,
195m, 14.8.2009 (hb ivl 5204).
For notes on this species, especially concerning the doubtful synonymy of L. cetrariae and L. cetrarii-
cola, see Brackel (in press). In all specimens we found 1-septate ascospores, 13–17×3–4 µm, with
3 pairs of appendages (vs. two pairs in L. cetrariicola, see Spooner & Kirk 1990). The 4-spored asci
measured 25–35× 8 –10 µm, the catathecia 65 –105 µm in diameter.
Lichenopeltella cladoniarum E.S.Hansen & Alstrup
Bolungarvík, near golf course, fixed dunes, on Cladonia arbuscula, 66°08'40.6''N/23°14'33.6''W, 5m,
KELYO0êUDVêVOD6XUWVKHOOLU1(+~VDIHOOODYDERXOGHUVDQGEDUHVRLORQC. portento-
sa, 64°47'05.2''N/20°43'17.1''W, 345m, 12.8.2009 (hb ivl 5194 sub Sphaerellothecium cladoniicola).
The species is known from a few countries in northern Europe (Iceland, Norway, Sweden) and from
Greenland (Berger 2000, Santesson et al. 2004, Alstrup et al. 2009). It was already mentioned for
Iceland from Mýrasýsla (Berger 2000).
Lichenopeltella uncialicola Brackel sp. nov.
Ascomata catathecia, superficialia, atrobrunnea, dispersa, 40–85µm diam., 35–40µm alta, ostio-
lata. Setae ostiolares divergentes, brunneae, non-septatae, apice acuta, 15 –20 × 2.5–3 µm. Asci 22–
26×8 –9.5 µm, ovoidei ad obclavati, 4-spori. Ascosporae (11.5 –)12–14.3(–15.5) × 3 –3.4(– 4) µm,
ellipsoideae, hyalinae, 1-septatae, 4-guttulatae, hyalinae, sine setulis. Habitat supra thallum lichenis
Cladonia uncialis.
Typus ,FHODQG ÈUQHVVêVOD +HLÿLQKi 1: ĈyUODNVK|IQ ODYD ERXOGHUV RQ Cladonia uncialis,
63°52'30.7''N/21°34'12.3''W, 195m, W. & G. v. Brackel, 14.8.2009 (M – holotypus, hb ivl 5205 – iso-
typus).

Brackel: Some lichenicolous fungi and lichens from Iceland, including Lichenopeltella uncialicola sp. nov. 99
Vegetative hyphae inside the cortex of the host thallus, pale brown, sparsely branched, 1.5–3 µm wide.
Ascomata catathecioid, single, ± rounded in surface view, slightly convex, 40–85µm diam., 35– 40 µm
high, brown to dark brown, almost black around the ostiole; the upper layer one cell thick, compo-
VHGRIUDGLDOO\DUUDQJHGEURZQTXDGUDQJXODUFHOOV ±î±P.PHGLXPWRGDUNJUH\ DURXQG
the ostiole forming a clearly delimited, dark brown collar, 2–3(–4) cells high, of thick-walled cells,
2–6.5×2.5–3µm, the upper ones somewhat attenuated, with some cells of the lower or the middle row
extended into a crown of 5–7 divergent but more or less upright setae; ostiole 6–8µm wide (in mature
state, when wet); basal layer one cell thick, composed of radially arranged, pale brown, quadrangular
cells, 2–6 × 2–5 µm; ascomatal margin entire, slightly sinuate. Setae 15–20×2.5–3µm, dark brown,
thick-walled, smooth, acute, non-septate, straight or slightly curved. Paraphyses not observed. Asci
4-spored, ovoid to obclavate, 26–33×8–10.5µm. Ascospores 1-septate, ellipsoid, hyaline, without se-
tulae, epispore smooth, (11.5–)12–14.3(–15.5)×3–3.4(–4) µm, l/b (3.4 –)3.8–4.7(–5.2) (n=20), 4-gut-
tulate, pseudo-tetrablastic, the upper cell rounded, the lower cell very slightly attenuated.
Host:Cladonia uncialis, mainly on the basal parts of the podetia.
Distribution: The species is known only from the type locality in Iceland.
Discussion: Besides the size of the ascomata, asci, and ascospores, and the septation and number (per
ascus) of the ascospores, the major diagnostic features in the genus Lichenopeltella are the presence
and orientation of ostiolar setae, as well as the presence and number of setulae on the ascospores
(Spooner & Kirk 1990, Aptroot et al. 1997, Earland-Bennet & Hawksworth 1999). Among
the 42 known species of Lichenopeltella there are only three with divergent ostiolar setae [L. peltige-
ricola (D.Hawksw.) R.Sant., L. rangiferinae Brackel, and L. alpestris 6DFF30.LUN@FRQWUDULO\WR
L. uncialicola all of them have ascospores with appendages. Apart from the lack of ascospore setulae,
L. uncialicola is most similar to L. peltigericola, but the latter has bigger asci [25–35(–40)×9–11µm
YV ±î±P@ DQG ELJJHU DVFRVSRUHV >±±î±P YV ±±±
î±±P@7ZRRWKHUVSHFLHVRILichenopeltella are known from the host genus Cladonia:
L. cladoniarum E.S.Hansen & Alstrup and L. rangiferinae. The first is distinguished by the lack of
ostiolar setae and 8-spored asci, the second by the presence of ascospore setulae and bigger ascomata.
Diederich (in Aptroot et al. 1997) mentioned an undescribed Lichenopeltella species on Cladonia sp.
from Papua New Guinea, which differs in convergent ostiolar setae.
Lichenosticta alcicornaria (Linds.) D.Hawksw.
 9HVWXU%DUÿDVWUDQGDUVêVOD 7XQJXKHLÿL 6: %tOGXGDOXU KHDWK QHDU VWUHDP RQ Cladonia arbuscula
(podetia), 65°39'26.3''N/23°39'48.4''W, 175 m, 6.8.2009 (hb ivl 4997); Bolungarvík, near golf course,
fixed dunes, on C. pyxidata (top and underside of the basal squamules), 66°08'40.6''N/23°14'33.6''W,
5m, 8.8.2009 (hb ivl 5170).
This species, living on several Cladonia species, was already reported for Iceland from Siglunesá
LQ9HVWXU%DUÿDVWUDQGDUVêVODZhurbenko & Alstrup 2004). In our specimen 5170, conidia meas-
ure (4–)4.7–5.8(–6) × (3 –)3.3 –3.9(– 4)µm (n =20), vs. (6 –)6.5–10(–11) × (2–)3 – 4.5(– 6)µm in
Hawksworth (1981); the conidiogenous cells in this specimen are 5 –12 µm long, vs. 4–6µm in
Hawksworth (1981). This author already mentioned “that more than one species might be involved”
and this seems very likely. In 4997 we found no measurable conidia. Surely both specimens belong to
L. alcicornaria in the still used broad sense.
*Merismatium decolorans (Rehm ex Arnold) Triebel
Snæfellsnessýsla, between Arnarstapi and Hellnar, heath on lava near the coast, on Stereocaulon cf.
alpinum, 64°45'20.2''N/23°38'21.4''W, 35m, 3.8.2009 (hb ivl 4977 sub Scutula stereocaulorum);
Bolungarvík, near golf course, fixed dunes, on Cladonia pyxidata, 66°08'40.6''N/23°14'33.6''W, 5 m,
8.8.2009 (hb ivl 5169).
Merismatium decolorans is known from several crustose muscicolous-terricolous lichens (Triebel
1989) and was reported also from Cladonia pyxidata (Zhurbenko & Hafellner 1999) and Lepraria
neglecta (Suija et al. 2008). In our specimens the ascospores were mainly 3-septate (very rarely with one
or two longitudinal or oblique walls) and measured in 5169: (12–)13.3 –16(–17) ×(4.5 –)4.9–5.6(– 6)µm

100 Herzogia 23 (1), 2010
(n=20) and in 4977: 12.5 –15 × 6µm [vs. (10.5–)13.5–16.5(–17.5)×(3.5–)4 –5.5(– 6) µm in Triebel
@$VDOORWKHUIHDWXUHVILWZHOOWKHGHVFULSWLRQJLYHQE\Triebel (1989), we attribute also our
specimen 4977 to this species, despite the unusual host. Etayo & Sancho (2008) report Merismatium
aff. nigritellum on Stereocaulon from Chile with 3 –5 transversal and 0 –2 longitudinal septa,
15–25× 6 – 8.5 µm, but with much bigger ascomata (200–260µm diam.). In our specimens the perithe-
cia measured c. 150–200µm in diam.
Merismatium heterophractum (Nyl.) Vouaux
Snæfellsnessýsla, between Arnarstapi and Hellnar, heath on lava near the coast, on Nephroma laeviga-
tum, 64°45'20.2''N/23°38'21.4''W, 35m, 3.8.2009 (hb ivl 4979).
Merismatium heterophractum usually occurs on crustose lichens belonging to Biatora, Lecanora,
Lepraria, and Lopadium (e.g. Triebel 1989, Santesson et al. 2004, Aptroot et al. 2005, Alstrup
et al. 2008). There are only few reports on macrolichens: on Cladonia sp. from the (sub-)arctic
(Zhurbenko & Hafellner 1999, Zhurbenko & Alstrup 2004) and on Nephroma parile from
Greenland (Hansen 1998). The size of the ascomata (c. 100 µm diam.) and of the ascospores
(10–13× 5 – 6 µm) fits well the description given by Triebel (1989). The species was already reported
IRU,FHODQGIURP$XVWXU+~QDYDWQVVêVODBrackel in press).
Muellerella erratica (A.Massal.) Hafellner & V.John
 ,VDIM|UÿXU%UHLÿDIHOOQHDU7XQJDEHQHDWKWKHZDWHUIDOOURFNVQHDUWKHVWUHDPRQLecidea lapicida,
66°03'39.3''N/23°12'21.6''W, 40m, 8.8.2009 (hb ivl 5150).
This common and widespread species was already known from Iceland [as Muellerella pygmaea var.
ventosicola 0XGG'+DZNVZ@IURP6XÿXUĈLQJH\MDUVêVOD0êUDVêVOD$UQHVVêVOD5DQJiUYDOODVêVOD
DQG6XÿXU0~ODVêVODRQRWKHUVSHFLHVRILecidea and on Amygdalaria and Porpidia (Triebel 1989).
Muellerella pygmaea .|UE'+DZNVZ
 ,VDIM|UÿXU%UHLÿDIHOOQHDU7XQJDEHQHDWKWKHZDWHUIDOOURFNVQHDUWKHVWUHDPRQLecidea lapicida,
66°03'39.3''N/23°12'21.6''W, 40 m, 8.8.2009 (hb ivl 5160); Strandasýsla, Gálmaströnd SE Hólmavík,
rocks near the coast, on L. lapicida var. pantherina, 65°38'16.3''N/21°31'06.9''W, 15 m, 11.8.2009 (hb
ivl 5186).
Fig. 1:Lichenopeltella uncialicola, holotypus: Ascoma from above, ascospores and asci.

Brackel: Some lichenicolous fungi and lichens from Iceland, including Lichenopeltella uncialicola sp. nov. 101
This species is known from all over the world on several genera of lichens (Acarospora, Aspicilia,
Caloplaca, Lecidea, Xanthoria), mainly on crustose lichens growing on siliceous rocks (Triebel 1989).
In its wider sense it was already mentioned for Iceland by Svane & Alstrup (2004) on Tephromela
atraIURP%UHLÿGDOVYtN6XÿXU0~ODVêVODWKLVILQGPD\EHORQJWRM. atricola) and on Rhizocarpon
geographicum IURP 9HVWXU%DUÿDVWUDQGDUVêVOD 9DWQVIM|ÿXU HeiĈmarsson (2008) reported it from
Strandasýsla without mention of the host.
Phaeospora rimosicola (Leight. ex Mudd) Hepp
Strandasýsla, Gálmaströnd SE Hólmavík, rocks near the coast, on Rhizocarpon obscuratum,
65°38'16.3''N/21°31'06.9''W, 15m, 11.8.2009 (hb ivl 5191; 5185 sub Phaeosporobolus alpinus).
The species is widespread in Europe and North America (Rehm 1863, Lettau 1958, Hawksworth
1983, Türk & Wittmann 1987, Hafellner 1994, Alstrup et al. 1994, Brodo 1995, Zhurbenko
&Santesson 1996, Sérusiaux et al. 1999, Diederich & Sérusiaux 2000, Kocourková 2000,
Santesson et al. 2004, Groner,Q,FHODQGLWZDVIRXQGLQ6XÿXU0~ODVêVODBrackel, in
press). In our specimen the ascospores measured (14–)15–17(–17.5)×(5.5–)5.8– 6.6(–7) µm (n = 20),
vs. 16–19× 5 –7 µm according to Sérusiaux et al. (1999).
Phaeosporobolus alpinus R.Sant., Alstrup & D.Hawksw.
Strandasýsla, Gálmaströnd SE Hólmavík, rocks near the coast, on unidentified white crust,
1:PKELYO0êUDVêVOD6XUWVKHOOLU1(+~VDIHOOODYD
boulders and bare soil, on Ochrolechia frigida, 64°47'05.2''N/20°43'17.1''W, 345m, 12.8.2009 (hb ivl
5196b sub Sphaerellothecium araneosum%RUJDUIMDUÿDUVêVOD6(VORSHRIWKH6NDUÿKHLÿL1($NUDQHV
birch twigs, on O. szatalaensis, 64°27'59.3''N/21°31'25.2''W, 100m, 12.8.2009 (hb ivl 5197).
 7KH VSHFLHV ZDV DOUHDG\ UHSRUWHG IRU ,FHODQG IURP $XVWXU+~QDYDWQVVêVOD DQG 6XÿXU0~ODVêVOD
(Brackel, in press); see there also for further notes on this species. According to the checklist of
Kristinsson & HeiĈmarsson (2006) the host lichen of 5197, Ochrolechia szatalaensis, is new to
Iceland.
*Phaeosporobolus usneae D.Hawksw. & Hafellner
 9HVWXU%DUÿDVWUDQGDUVêVOD '\QMDQGLVKHLÿL QHDU WKH FURVVLQJ RI WKH URDGV  DQG  ERXOGHUV RQ
Bryoria chalybeiformis, 65°41'27.3''N/23°11'37.2''W, 390 m, 6.8.2009 (hb ivl 5141).
A common fungus distributed worldwide on a wide range of foliose and fruticose lichens. It was
known from Bryoria capillaris and B. fuscescens (Hawksworth & Hafellner 1986), but B. chaly-
beiformis seems to be a new host.
*Protothelenella santessonii H.Mayrhofer
Snæfellsnessýsla, on the SE slope of the Snæfellsjökull, on Cladonia gracilis, 64°47'43.3''N/23°41'18.2''W,
480m, 3.8.2009 (hb ivl 4981); ibidem, on Cladonia sp., 64°47'14.7''N/23°41'16.9''W, 340 m, 3.8.2009
KELYO1RUÿXU,VDIMDUÿDUVêVODEHWZHHQ.DOGDOyQDQG'UDQJDM|NXOOEDUHVRLODQGSHEEOHVLQWKH
run-up of the glacier, on Cladonia sp., 66°06'31.3''N/22°18'03.7''W, 35 m, 10.8.2009 (hb ivl 5178).
This obviously rare species is known from arctic and alpine regions (Canada, Greenland, USA, Russia,
Antarctica, and Austria) (Alstrup & Cole 1998, Hansen & Alstrup 1995, Mayrhofer 1987,
Zhurbenko & Hafellner 1999, Alstrup & Cole 1998, Hafellner 1994). It was described on
the squamules of Cladonia squamosa (Mayrhofer 1987); we found it twice on the basal squamules
of Cladonia sp. and once on the bleached tips of the podetia of C. gracilis. The species is a strong
pathogen, bleaching and finally killing the infested squamules and podetia.
Pyrenidium hyalosporum Alstrup, D.Hawksw. & R.Sant.
 %RUJDUIMDUÿDUVêVOD DERYH WKH *O\PXU KHDWK QHDU WKH ULYHU RQ Placopsis gelida,
64°23,3'34.7''N/21°14'53.1''W, 340m, 12.8.2009 (hb ivl 5208).
The species is known from boreal-arctic regions (Norway, Greenland, Alaska), from the Alps and
from Madeira. It was already noted for Iceland from Vestur-Skaftafellssýsla, Mýrdalur, Dyrhólaey

102 Herzogia 23 (1), 2010
(Svane & Alstrup 2004). In our specimen we found only immature, 1-septate and small spores,
24–27× 7– 8 µm. According to Alstrup & Hawksworth (1990) they should be (1–)3 –4-septate,
(31–)34–39(–45) × (7.5 –)10 –12.5(–14) µm. All other features, especially the internal beak in the as-
cus apex, the germ pores in the ascospores, and the type of infection (thallus first grey, then bleached)
were in accordance with the description.
Rhagadostoma brevisporum (Nav.-Ros. & Hladun) Nav.-Ros.
Bolungarvík, near golf course, fixed dunes, on Peltigera rufescens, 66°08'40.6''N/23°14'33.6''W, 5 m,
8.8.2009 (hb ivl 5167).
The species is known from several European countries as well as from Greenland (Hafellner &
Türk 1995, Navarro-Rosinés et al. 1999, Santesson et al. 2004, Alstrup et al. 2009). It was
already reported from Iceland by Berger  IURP 5DQJiUYDOODVêVOD ĈyUVP|UN RQ Nephroma
parile.
Rhagadostoma lichenicolaGH1RW.HLVVOHU
 1RUÿXU,VDIMDUÿDUVêVODEHWZHHQ.DOGDOyQDQG'UDQJDM|NXOOEDUHVRLODQGSHEEOHVLQWKHUXQXSRIWKH
glacier, on Solorina crocea, 66°06'31.3''N/22°18'03.7''W, 35m, 10.8.2009 (hb ivl 5175).
The species is widespread over the northern hemisphere (e.g. Kristinsson et al. 2006). It was already
reported for Iceland from Strandasýsla by HeiðmarssonDQGIURP$XVWXU+~QDYDWQVVêVODDQG
Akureyri by Hansen (2009).
Rinodina olivaceobrunnea C.W.Dodge & G.E.Baker
Bolungarvík, near golf course, fixed dunes, on Peltigera rufescens and Cladonia pyxidata,
66°08'40.6''N/23°14'33.6''W, 5m, 8.8.2009 (hb ivl 5165).
Rinodina olivaceobrunnea is a lichenized species, living on bryophytes, plant debris and moribund
liches. It is widely distributed over both hemispheres (Hafellner & Mayrhofer 2007). In our speci-
men the thallus was strongly reduced to a small layer of an algae containing mycelium beneath the
apothecia. The apothecia were found in thallus regions damaged by the infection with Stigmidium
peltideae. Other apothecia were found on plant debris in close neighbourhood of the infected thalli of
Peltigera rufescens and Cladonia pyxidata.
*Scutula cladoniicola Alstrup & D.Hawksw.
 9HVWXU%DUÿDVWUDQGDUVêVODEHWZHHQ6XQQIMDOODQG7URVWDQVIM|UÿXUKHDWKZLWKRSHQVRLORQ1(VORSH
on Cladonia monomorpha, 65°36'48.8''N/23°24'06.3''W, 15m, 6.8.2009 (hb ivl 5106).
This easily recognisable species was known only from Greenland and Canada, living on Cladonia
stricta and C. rangiferina (Alstrup & Hawksworth 1990, Hansen & Alstrup 1995). New for
Europe. Cladonia monomorpha is a new host.
Scutula stereocaulorum $Q]L.|UE
Snæfellsnessýsla, between Arnarstapi and Hellnar, heath on lava near the coast, on Stereocaulon cf.
alpinum, 64°45'20.2''N/23°38'21.4''W, 35m, 3.8.2009 (hb ivl 4977).
This species, specific to the genus Stereocaulon, is known from several northern countries (British
Isles, Canada, Greenland, Norway, Russia), from the Alps (Austria, Italy, Switzerland) and also
from Madeira and Chile (Hawksworth 2003, Diederich 2003, Alstrup & Hawksworth 1990,
Zhurbenko & Hafellner 1999, Keissler 1930, Kalb & Hafellner 1992, Etayo & Sancho
2008). It was already mentioned for Iceland from Skaftafell by Berger (2000).
*Skyttea tephromelarum.DOE+DIHOOQHU
Strandasýsla, Gálmaströnd SE Hólmavík, rocks near the coast, on Tephromela atra,
65°38'16.3''N/21°31'06.9''W, 15m, 11.8.2009 (hb ivl 5183).
The species is widely distributed over both hemispheres from the Arctic to the Antarctic Islands
[Diederich & Etayo 2000 (sub S. elachistophora), Diederich & Etayo@,WLVFRQILQHGWRKRVW
lichens of the genus Tephromela.

Brackel: Some lichenicolous fungi and lichens from Iceland, including Lichenopeltella uncialicola sp. nov. 103
Sphaerellothecium araneosum (Rehm ex Arnold) Zopf
Snæfellsnessýsla, on the SE slope of the Snæfellsjökull, on Ochrolechia frigida,
64°47'43.3''N/23°41'18.2''W, 480m, 3.8.2009 (hb ivl 4982); Snæfellsnessýsla, Stykkishólmur, hill between
golf course and camping site, heath on siliceous rocks, on O. upsaliensis, 65°04'16.1''N/22°43'43.5''W,
P  KE LYO  9HVWXU%DUÿDVWUDQGDUVêVOD '\QMDQGLVKHLÿL QHDU FURVVLQJ RI WKH
roads 60 and 63, on bare soil, on O. frigida above mosses, 65°41'27.3''N/23°11'37.2''W, 390m,
6.8.2009 (hb ivl 5140); Bolungarvík, Bolafjall W Bolungarvík, heath with bare soil, on O. frigida,
1:PKELYO0êUDVêVOD6XUWVKHOOLU1(+~VDIHOOODYD
boulders and bare soil, on O. frigida, 64°47'05.2''N/20°43'17.1''W, 345m, 12.8.2009 (hb ivl 5196).
 7KLVVSHFLHVZDVDOUHDG\ PHQWLRQHGIRU,FHODQGIURP.MRVDUVêVOD E\Berger (2000), from Austur-
+~QDYDWQVVêVOD6XÿXU0~ODVêVODDQG ÈUQHVVêVODE\Svane & Alstrup (2004), and from Austur-
+~QDYDWQVVêVODE\Brackel (in press); for further notes see also Brackel (in press).
*Sphaerellothecium cladoniae (Alstrup & Zhurb.) Hafellner
 9HVWXU%DUÿDVWUDQGDUVêVOD EHWZHHQ 6XQQIMDOODQG7URVWDQVIM|UÿXUKHDWKZLWKRSHQVRLORQ1( VOR-
pe, on Cladonia monomorpha 1:P  KE LYO 1RUÿXU
,VDIMDUÿDUVêVODEHWZHHQ.DOGDOyQDQG'UDQJDM|NXOOEDUHVRLODQGSHEEOHVLQWKHUXQXSRIWKHJODFLHU
on C. pyxidata, 66°06'31.3''N/22°18'03.7''W, 35m, 10.8.2009 (hb ivl 5176); ibidem, on Cladonia sp. (hb
ivl 5178 sub Protothelenella santessonii1RUÿXU,VDIMDUÿDUVêVODEHWZHHQ.DOGDOyQDQG'UDQJDM|NXOO
lateral moraine, on Cladonia sp., 66°05'53.8''N/22°20'26.1''W, 15 m, 10.8.2009 (hb ivl 5180);
ÈUQHVVêVOD+HLÿLQKi1:ĈyUODNVK|IQODYDERXOGHUVRQCladonia sp., 63°52'30.7''N/21°34'12.3''W,
195m, 14.8.2009 (hb ivl 5202).
Sphaerellothecium cladoniae may be found growing on several species of Cladonia (excl. Cladina), mainly
on the basal squamules. It is widely distributed over both hemispheres (Zhurbenko & Alstrup 2004).
*Sphaerellothecium cladoniicola E.S.Hansen & Alstrup
 9HVWXU%DUÿDVWUDQGDUVêVOD 7XQJXKHLÿL 6: %tOGXGDOXU KHDWK QHDU VWUHDP RQ Cladonia arbuscu-
la1: PKELYO0êUDVêVOD6XUWVKHOOLU1( +~VDIHOO
lava boulders and bare soil, on C. portentosa, 64°47'05.2''N/20°43'17.1''W, 345 m, 12.8.2009 (hb
LYOÈUQHVVêVOD1ĈLQJYDOODYDWQ(ĈLQJYHOOLUKHDWKRQODYDRQC. arbuscula var. squarrosa,
64°16'11.9''N/21°03'52.1''W, 140 m, 13.8.2009 (hb ivl 5200).
This species, restricted to Cladonia Sect. Cladina, is known from arctic and boreal regions of the
northern hemisphere (Hansen & Alstrup 1995). Contrary to the description of Hansen & Alstrup
(1995), in 5100 we found the ascomata more or less immersed (not entirely superficial) in a necrotic
layer on the podetia of the host.
*Sphaerellothecium minutum Hafellner
Snæfellsnessýsla, on the SE slope of the Snæfellsjökull, heath on lava, on Sphaerophorus fragi-
lis, 64°47'14.7''N/23°41'16.9''W, 340m, 3.8.2009 (hb ivl 4985); ibidem, on S. globosus (hb ivl
4987); Snæfellsnessýsla, coast between Malarrif and Lóndrangar, lava rocks, on S. globosus,
1:PKELYO9HVWXU%DUÿDVWUDQGDUVêVOD'\QMDQGLVKHLÿL
near the crossing of the roads 60 and 63, boulders, on S. fragilis, 65°41'27.3''N/23°11'37.2''W, 390m,
KELYO0êUDVêVOD6XUWVKHOOLU1(+~VDIHOOODYDERXOGHUVDQGEDUHVRLORQS. fragilis,
64°47'05.2''N/20°43'17.1''W, 345m, 12.8.2009 (hb ivl 5195).
This species is known from the arctic and alpine regions of both hemispheres (Hafellner 1993, 1994,
Wedin 1994, Zhurbenko & Hafellner 1999, Tretiach & Hafellner 2000, Triebel & Scholz
2001, Santesson et al.2004, Etayo & Sancho 2008, Alstrup et al. 2009). According to Hafellner
(1993) it is very common on Sphaerophorus fragilis, but occurs also on S. globosus. In our specimens
(4985 on S. fragilis as well as on S. globosus, 4987) we found also perithecia with asci and spores lon-
ger than in the above mentioned description: Asci up to 32 µm (vs. 20 –25 µm) and spores up to 15µm
(vs. 9–13µm).

104 Herzogia 23 (1), 2010
Sphaerellothecium parmeliae Diederich & Etayo
Snæfellsnessýsla, coast between Malarrif and Lóndrangar, lava rocks, on Parmelia saxatilis,
64°43'57.3''N/23°47'11.3''W, 20 m, 4.8.2009 (hb ivl 4992).
 7KLV ZRUOGZLGH GLVWULEXWHG VSHFLHV ZDV DOUHDG\ UHSRUWHG IRU ,FHODQG IURP $XVWXU+~QDYDWQVVêVOD
(Brackel, in press).
Sphaerellothecium reticulatum (Zopf) Etayo
Strandasýsla, Gálmaströnd SE Hólmavík, rocks near the coast, on Parmelia saxatilis,
65°38'16.3''N/21°31'06.9''W, 15m, 11.8.2009 (hb ivl 5188; 5187 sub Abrothallus parmeliarum).
This common species, distributed worldwide, was already noted for Iceland from Austur-
+~QDYDWQVVêVODRQParmelia sulcata (Brackel in press).
*Sphaerellothecium stereocaulorum Zhurb. & Triebel
 9HVWXU%DUÿDVWUDQGDUVêVOD '\QMDQGLVKHLÿLQHDU WKH FURVVLQJ RI WKH URDGV  DQG  ERXOGHUV RQ
Stereocaulon arcticum, 65°41'27.3''N/23°11'37.2''W, 390 m, 6.8.2009 (hb ivl 5107a).
This recently described species was known until now only from boreal and arctic regions in Norway
and Russia (Zhurbenko & Triebel 2008). It is distinguished from Sphaerellothecium cladoniae,
which may also grow on Stereocaulon species, by the appearance of 2- or 3-septate ascospores mixed
with 1-septate ones. In our specimen we found the ascomata somewhat bigger than in the description
(30–120µm vs. 20 –50 µm), and the single cells of the vegetative hyphae were bigger (4 –10 µm vs.
4–8 µm in diam.). Also the size of the ascospores lies in the upper range of the measurements given in
WKHGHVFULSWLRQ>±î±PYV±±±î±±P@
*Stigmidium gyrophorarum (Arnold) D.Hawksw.
 9HVWXU%DUÿDVWUDQGDUVêVOD '\QMDQGLVKHLÿL QHDU WKH FURVVLQJ RI WKH URDGV  DQG  ERXOGHUV RQ
Umbilicaria cylindrica, 65°41'27.3''N/23°11'37.2''W, 390 m, 6.8.2009 (hb ivl 5138).
Stigmidium gyrophorarum is restricted to hosts of the genus Umbilicaria; it is known from sever-
al regions of the northern hemisphere (Europe, North America, Asia) (Lettau 1958, Hafellner
&Sancho 1990, Kondratyuk & Kudratov 2002, Hawksworth 2003, Santesson et al. 2004,
Triebel & Caceres 2004, Halici et al. 2007, Groner 2009).
Stigmidium peltideae (Vain.) R.Sant.
Snæfellsnessýsla, between Arnarstapi and Hellnar, heath on lava near the coast, on Peltigera prae-
textata1:PKELYO,VDIM|UÿXU%UHLÿDIHOOQHDU7XQJD
beneath the waterfall, heath, on Peltigera neckeri, 66°03'39.3''N/23°12'21.6''W, 40m, 8.8.2009 (hb ivl
5149); Bolungarvík, near golf course, fixed dunes, on Peltigera canina, 66°08'40.6''N/23°14'33.6''W,
5m, 8.8.2009 (hb ivl 5162) and on P. rufescens (hb ivl 5165 sub Rinodina olivaceobrunnea).
This species is widely distributed over both hemispheres and was already reported for Iceland from
Austur-Skaftafellssýsla, Skaftafell, on Peltigera rufescens (Berger 2000), and from Àrnessýsla,
ĈLQJYHOOLURQPeltigera leucophlebia (Svane & Alstrup 2004).
Stigmidium pseudopeltideae Cl.Roux & Triebel
 ,VDIM|UÿXU %UHLÿDIHOO QHDU 7XQJD EHQHDWK WKH ZDWHUIDOO KHDWK RQ Peltigera canina,
1:PKELYO1RUÿXU,VDIMDUÿDUVêVODEHWZHHQ.DOGDOyQ
and Drangajökull, bare soil and pebbles in the run-up of the glacier, on Peltigera leucophlebia,
66°06'31.3''N/22°18'03.7''W, 35 m, 10.8.2009 (hb ivl 5179); Strandasýsla, Gálmaströnd SE Hólmavík,
rocks near the coast, on Peltigera canina, 65°38'16.3''N/21°31'06.9''W, 15m, 11.8.2009 (hb ivl 5190).
This species is known from several countries in the northern hemisphere (Austria, Luxembourg, Portugal,
Russia, Spain, Switzerland, USA) (Roux & Triebel 1994, Sérusiaux et al. 1999, Zhurbenko 1996,
Martínez 1999, Diederich 2003). It was already reported for Iceland from Austur-Skaftafellssýsla
(Brackel, in press).

Brackel: Some lichenicolous fungi and lichens from Iceland, including Lichenopeltella uncialicola sp. nov. 105
*Taeniolella diederichiana Etayo & Calatayud
Arnessýsla, SE Hofjökull Glacier, Arnarfellsbrekka, on Placopsis gelida, 600–800 m, 64°41'09.9''N/
:OHJ6WDUUL+HLÿPDUVVRQGHW:Y%UDFNHO$10+/$
This recently described species was known until now from South America and from the Canary Islands
(Etayo & Calatayud 2005).
Thelocarpon epibolum Nyl. var. epibolum
 1RUÿXU,VDIMDUÿDUVêVOD EHWZHHQ .DOGDOyQ DQG 'UDQJDM|NXOO EDUH VRLO DQG SHEEOHV LQ WKH UXQXS
of the glacier, on Solorina crocea, 66°06'31.3''N/22°18'03.7''W, 35m, 10.8.2009 (hb ivl 5175 sub
Rhagadostoma lichenicola).
This variety was already reported from Iceland by Berger (2000) from Skaftafell on Peltigera aph-
thosa. In our specimen, Solorina crocea was infested and damaged by Rhagadostoma lichenicola.
Weddellomyces tartaricola (Linds.) Alstrup & D.Hawksw.
 9HVWXU%DUÿDVWUDQGDUVêVOD '\QMDQGLVKHLÿL QHDU FURVVLQJ RI WKH URDGV  DQG  ERXOGHUV RQ
Ochrolechia frigida above Adreaea, 65°41'27.3''N/23°11'37.2''W, 390 m, 6.8.2009 (hb ivl 5139).
The species was already mentioned for Iceland from Skaftafell by Berger (2000) and Brackel (in
SUHVVIURP$XVWXU+~QDYDWQVVêVODDOVRRQOchrolechia frigida. Further records are from Greenland,
Scandinavia and the Russian Arctic (Alstrup & Hawskworth 1990, Santesson et al. 2004,
Karatygin et al. 2003). In addition to the description given by Alstrup & Hawksworth (1990) we
found in our specimen that the fungus is forming warts on the host thallus, and the perithecial cavity
contains a lot of oil drops, apparently originating from the hamathecial elements. The ascospores
PHDVXUH±î±P>YV±±î±P@DQGDUH±WUDQVVHSWDWHYV±WUDQVHSWDWH
sometimes with 1–2 additional oblique septa.
*Zwackhiomyces martinatianus (Arnold) Triebel & Grube
 9HVWXU%DUÿDVWUDQGDUVêVOD7XQJXKHLÿL6:%tOGXGDOXURQSHEEOHVLQKHDWKQHDUVWUHDPRQPorpidia
crustulata, 65°39'26.3''N/23°39'48.4''W, 175m, 6.8.2009 (hb ivl 5104).
The species is restricted to hosts of the genus Porpidia; it is known from several European countries,
but the northernmost records are from Belgium, Germany, and France (Ertz et al. 2008, Triebel
1989, Grube & Hafellner 1990). New for Northern Europe.
Addition: Fungi on bryophytes
Bryochiton microscopicus Döbb. & Poelt
 ÈUQHVVêVOD +HLÿLQKi 1: ĈyUODNVK|IQ ODYD ERXOGHUV RQ Gymnomitrion corallioides,
63°52'30.7''N/21°34'12.3''W, 195m, 14.8.2009 (hb ivl 5203).
According to Döbbeler (1978) the species is probably always present on C. coralloides and G. con-
cinnatum in Europe. Records are from Europe (Austria, British Isles, Finland, Germany, Norway,
Romania, Svalbard, and Sweden) and from Japan, Russia, and the USA (Döbbeler 1978, Cannon et
al. 1985). The species is not mentioned for Iceland by Hallgrimsson & Eyjólfsdóttir (2004).
Julella macrospora Döbb.
 9HVWXU%DUÿDVWUDQGDUVêVOD FRDVWDO SODLQ EHWZHHQ /iWUDEMDUJ DQG +YDOOiWXUIL[HGGXQHVRQTortula
ruralis, 65°31'05.6''N/24°28'53.7''W, 5m, 5.8.2009 (hb ivl 4995b).
The species is known from Austria, the Czech Republic, and Switzerland (Döbbeler 1978). It is not
mentioned for Iceland by Hallgrimsson & Eyjólfsdóttir (2004).
Acknowledgements
,DPWKDQNIXOWR-RVHI+DIHOOQHU*UD]DQG'DJPDU7ULHEHO0QFKHQIRUGLVFXVVLRQVRQVRPHVSHFLHVWR+|UÿXU
.ULVWLQVVRQ$NXUH\ULIRUORDQVRIVSHFLPHQVWR'DQLHO+DUGLPDQ'XEOLQIRUWKHFRUUHFWLRQRIWKH(QJOLVKWH[WDQG
to Paul Diederich (Luxembourg) and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments on the manuscript.

106 Herzogia 23 (1), 2010
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Manuscript accepted: 20 February 2010.
Address of the author
Wolfgang von Brackel, Institut für Vegetationskunde und Landschaftsökologie, Georg-Eger-
Straße 1b, 91334 Hemhofen, Germany. E-mail: wolfgang.von.brackel@ivl-web.de