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1170
Accepted by V. Grebennikov: 8 Mar. 2006; published: 10 Apr. 2006 27
ZOOTAXA
ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition)
ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition)
Copyright © 2006 Magnolia Press
Zootaxa 1170: 27–56 (2006)
www.mapress.com/zootaxa/
Revision of the longiusculus-group of the genus Hydroporus
Clairville, 1806 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae)
HELENA V. SHAVERDO
International Research Institute for Entomology, Natural History Museum Vienna, Burgring 7, A–1010 Vienna,
Austria. E-mail: shaverdo@mail.ru
Abstract
The taxonomic position and synonymy of Hydroporus longiusculus Gemminger and Harold and H.
pervicinus Fall are discussed and re-descriptions are provided. Hydroporus hirtellus LeConte
syn.n., H. perplexus Sharp syn.n., and H. utahensis Gordon syn.n. are found to be junior synonyms
of H. longiusculus. Hydroporus hirsutus Gordon syn.n. and H. similaris Fall syn.n. are found to be
junior synonyms of H. pervicinus. Both species are the only members of the longiusculus-group.
Hydroporus simplex Gordon, previously attributed to the longiusculus-group, is transferred to the
nigellus-group. A lectotype is designated for H. perplexus Sharp. The location of the primary types
of H. longiusculus remains unknown. Morphological variability of H. longiusculus and H.
pervicinus is discussed and illustrated. Geographical distributions of these two species are mapped
and some notes on their ecology are presented. Based on extreme morphological similarity to H.
tenebrosus LeConte, H. subpubescens LeConte is transferred to the nigellus-group; thus, the
subpubescens-group is omitted.
Key words: Insecta, Coleoptera, Dytiscidae, Hydroporus, longiusculus-group, new synonymy,
lectotype designation, ecology, first records, distribution, Nearctic Region
Introduction
According to Nilsson (2001, 2003) the longiusculus-group consists of two Nearctic
species: H. longiusculus Gemminger and Harold and H. simplex Gordon. During my study
of numerous Hydroporus specimens from different collections in USA and Canada as well
as type material of some species, I determined that H. simplex did not share some
important characters of the longiusculus-group and had to be excluded from it. Also H.
pervicinus Fall, H. hirsutus Gordon, and H. utahensis Gordon from the nigellus-group, as
well as H. hirtellus LeConte and H. similaris Fall from the subpubescens-groups, showed
much similarity to H. longiusculus. Furthermore, the valid species status of H. hirsutus, H.
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1170
ZOOTAXA utahensis, H. hirtellus (with its synonym H. perplexus Sharp), and H. similaris, came into
question.
The purpose of this work is to define the longiusculus-group, indicate its
representatives, re-describe H. longiusculus and H. pervicinus, and establish their
synonyms.
Material and methods
About 1200 specimens from the following museums and private collections have been
studied (abbreviation of the collection is followed by the name of a person, who facilitated
my work with the material):
AMNH American Museum of Natural History, New York (L. Herman)
CAS California Academy of Science, San Francisco (D. H. Kavanaugh, R. Brett)
CHF collection of Hans Fery, Berlin (property of NMW)
CGC collection of Gilbert Challet, California
CNC Canadian National Collections of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes, Ottawa
(A. Davies)
CHS author’s private collection, Vienna
CLH collection of Lars Hendrich, Berlin (property of NMW)
JBWM J. B. Wallis Museum, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (R. E. Roughley)
MCZ Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge (P. D.
Perkins)
MSUB Montana State University in Bozeman, Bozeman (M. Ivie).
NDSUe North Dakota State University, Department of Entomology, Fargo (D. Rider)
NDSUg North Dakota State University, Department of Geology, Fargo (D. P. Schwert)
NHML The Natural History Museum, London (M. Brendell, S. Shute)
NMW Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Vienna (M. A. Jäch)
UCD University of California at Davis, Davis (P. S. Cranston)
ZSSM Zoologische Staatssammlung, Munich (M. Baehr)
The following abbreviations are used in the text: hw (handwriting), TL (total body
length), TL–HL (total body length without head), MW (maximum width of body), Lprot2
or Lprot3 (maximum length of male protarsomere 2 or 3, respectively), and Wprot1, or
Wprot2, or Wprot3 (maximum width of male protarsomere 1, or 2, or 3, respectively).
The measurements were taken with a Wild M10 stereomicroscope equipped with an
eyepiece micrometer.
Drawings were made with the aid of a camera lucida attached to an Olympus BH–2
compound microscope and to a Wild M10 stereomicroscope. Genitalia, protibiae, and
protarsi were mounted on glass slides with DMHF (dimetil hydantoin formaldehyde;
© 2006 Magnolia Press 29
HYDROPORUS, LONGIUSCULUS-GROUP
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ZOOTAXA
Bameul 1990) as temporary preparations. The ventral side of the median lobe is the one
facing ventral during copulation (Miller and Nilsson 2003). The numbering of the
abdominal sterna refers only to those that are visible.
All type data is quoted as it appears on the labels attached to the specimens. Label text
is cited using quotation marks separating different labels and backslashes to separate
different lines on one label. Comments by the authors are indicated in square brackets.
Presenting the additional material, more concise format has been chosen. All ecological
information appeared on the label was omitted and summarized in the paragraphs "
Ecology". The names B.F. Carr and J.L. Carr, collectors of many specimens, were quoted
as "Carr".
Diagnosis of the longiusculus-group and key to species
The longiusculus-group has been proposed by Larson et al. (2000) only for one species H.
longiusculus, and defined by the following characters: "length=3.4 to 4.3 mm; body
relatively elongate and parallel-sided; color piceous to black, elytra of many specimens
with at least humeral angle pale, some specimens with expanded pale markings; dorsal
punctation relatively coarse, surface microreticulate; pronotum in lateral aspect with
lateral margin straight; elytron in lateral aspect with lateral margin ascendant; protibia with
longitudinal row of punctures of anterior face doubled or irregular basally; metacoxal
processes with hind margin broadly but distinctly angulate." These diagnostic characters
have been reviewed to reflect results of this work and to accommodate H. pervicinus
which is recognized as a member of the group.
The following diagnostic characters are proposed for the longiusculus-group:
- medium body size (3.5–4.5 mm);
- dorsal coloration uniform or pronotum darker that elytra, sometimes with pale mark-
ings on elytra;
- body oval to almost parallel-sided, with lateral outline continuous in dorsal view;
- base of pronotum not broader than base of elytra;
- posterolateral angles of pronotum slightly but distinctly produced;
- lateral bead of pronotum complete and relatively broad;
- lateral margin of elytron weakly to moderately ascending to humeral angle in lateral
view;
- declivity of prosternal process well developed;
- metacoxal processes with posterior margin conjointly truncate to angulate;
- metacoxal lines parallel to slightly diverging anteriorly;
- pronotum and elytra with microreticulation and rather sparse punctation;
- anterior surface of protibia with irregular or double row of punctures;
- male antennomeres 5–7 not dilated;
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ZOOTAXA - male protibia not modified;
- male claws simple, equal to unequal (anterior shorter and thicker than posterior);
- male protarsomeres 1–3 dilated;
- median lobe of aedeagus simple, narrow, almost straight in lateral view, with apex
pointed.
The nigellus-group is most closely related to the longiusculus-group. Members of the
nigellus-group share most of the mentioned above characters of the longiusculus-group
but can be distinguished from its representatives by the following characters: there is a
single puncture row on the anterior surface of the protibia, the posterolateral angles of the
pronotum are non-produced, and the shape of the median lobe differs (sinuate in lateral
view, or shorter and more robust, or with rounded apex). Some members of the nigellus-
group are also distinguished by a thin, almost inconspicuous lateral bead of the pronotum
or their larger size.
As defined here, the longiusculus-group includes two species: H. longiusculus and H.
pervicinus. According to my study of types, in light of a broad knowledge of variation in
the group, it has been revealed that H. longiusculus has three more synonyms, H. hirtellus,
H. perplexus, and H. utahensis, and that H. hirsutus and H. similaris are junior synonyms
of H. pervicinus.
Hydroporus longiusculus and H. pervicinus are similar morphologically and
sometimes inhabit the same water-bodies. Hydroporus longiusculus is more common
along the Pacific coast of North America; its distribution in the east is probably restricted
by the Rocky Mountains. Hydroporus pervicinus is more often recorded from inland
localities (Fig. 87).
The following characters may be used to distinguish these two species:
1. Protarsal claws of male equal or subequal (Figs. 38–44); punctate row of anterior sur-
face of protibia distinctly irregular (Figs. 9, 10); body less oval (Figs. 1–4), flattened,
especially pronotum; pronotum and elytra of the same colour; metacoxal lines in most
specimens slightly diverging anteriorly and metacoxal processes more often distinctly
angulate (Figs. 14–18) .....................................H. longiusculus Gemminger and Harold
- Protarsal claws of male unequal (Figs. 45–50), anterior claw shorter, distinctly thicker,
and more curved than posterior; punctate row of anterior surface of protibia slightly
irregular (Figs. 11–13); body more oval (Figs. 5–8), convex, especially pronotum;
pronotum usually darker than elytra; metacoxal lines in most specimens parallel or
subparallel and metacoxal processes more often conjointly truncate (Figs. 19–22)
.............................................................................................................H. pervicinus Fall
Since the species demonstrate a great variability of the characters, it is possible that
the key will not perfectly work for some "abnormal" specimens. Identification of some
© 2006 Magnolia Press 31
HYDROPORUS, LONGIUSCULUS-GROUP
1170
ZOOTAXA
specimens from Arizona, Colorado, and New Mexico is especially difficult, since the
specimens of H. pervicinus from these states demonstrate a stronger variability of the
relative length and thickness of protarsal claws. In that case the descriptions of the species,
the paragraphs "Variability", and the drawings will be helpful.
Hydroporus longiusculus Gemminger and Harold, 1868
Hydroporus longiusculus Gemminger and Harold, 1868: 436 (replacement name for H. oblongus
Aubé); Nilsson 2001: 158 (cat.).
Hydroporus oblongus Dejean, 1833: 57 (nomen nudum); Gemminger and Harold 1868: 436 (syn.).
Hydroporus oblongus Aubé, 1838: 605 (orig. descr.), preoccupied by Stephens 1835, objective syn-
onym of H. longiusculus; Gemminger and Harold, 1868: 436 (syn.).
Hydroporus hirtellus LeConte, 1852: 208 (orig. descr.); Gemminger and Harold 1868: 441 (syn.
with H. subpubescens LeConte); Crotch 1873: 394 (as syn. of H. subpubescens); Fall 1923: 84
(descr., as valid species); Larson et al. 2000: 377 (descr., as valid species); Nilsson 2001: 166
(cat., as valid species); syn.n.
Hydroporus perplexus Sharp, 1882: 467 (orig. descr.), preoccupied by Schaum 1847: 39; Horn
1883: 278; Fall 1923: 85 (syn. with H. hirtellus); Larson et al. 2000: 377 (as syn. of H. hirtel-
lus); Nilsson 2001: 166 (cat., as syn. of H. hirtellus); syn.n.
Hydroporus utahensis Gordon, 1981: 116 (orig. descr.); Larson et al. 2000: 394 (descr.); Nilsson
2001: 162 (cat.); syn.n.
Hydroporus californicus Gordon, 1981: 118 (orig. descr.); Larson et al. 2000: 374 (syn. with H.
longiusculus); Nilsson 2001: 159 (cat., as syn. of H. longiusculus).
Hydroporus fatigus Gordon, 1981: 119 (orig. descr.); Larson et al. 2000: 374 (syn. with H. longius-
culus); Nilsson 2001: 159 (cat., as syn. of H. longiusculus).
Type material
Hydroporus longiusculus: Syntypes: 2 exs., (Hydroporus oblongus Aubé, 1838). Note:
the types have not been seen, since they have not been found in the Institut Royal des
Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Bruxelles, the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle,
Paris, and the Natural History Museum, London. I think the types are lost. I am not
designating a neotype hoping that the syntypes will be found and because the definition of
the species is herein clarified. I have studied 37 specimens of this species from Unalaska
Island, the type locality. I believe that H. longiusculus is the only one of 24 species known
from Alaska, which fits the description given by Aubé (1838).
Type locality: USA, Alaska, Aleutian Islands, Unalaska Island.
Hydroporus hirtellus: Holotype:
&
golden disc, "Type \ 6021", "hirtellus \ S. Fr. Lec."
[hw LeConte], "subpubescens 2", "J.L. LeConte \ Collection", "Holotype \ Hydroporus \
hirtellus \ LeConte 1851" [red] (MCZ).
Type locality: USA, California, San Francisco.
Hydroporus perplexus: Lectotype (here designated):
%
"Type H.T." [small round label
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1170
ZOOTAXA with red margin], "California" [green disc, hw], "Sharp Coll. \ 1905–313." [under side],
"Type 372 \ H. perplexus \ n.s. \ California" [hw, Sharp], "Lectotype \ Hydroporus
perplexus Sharp \ des. H. Shaverdo 2005" (NHML). Paratype: 1 ex., "Sharp Coll. \
1905–313.", "372 \ California" [hw], "Hydroporus \ perplexus. \ co-type Sharp" [hw,
Sharp], "Paralectotype \ Hydroporus perplexus Sharp \ des. H. Shaverdo 2005" (NHML).
Type locality: USA, California.
Note: the lectotype is designated in order to support stability of nomenclature.
Hydroporus utahensis: Holotype:
%
"Utah Lake \ East Side", "H.P. Chandler \ No. 196
Exp. \ 7/6/41 NE \ Elv. 4,000 SW", "H.B. Leech \ Collection", "Holotype \ Hydroporus \
utahensis \ Robert Gordon", "California Academy \ of Sciences \ Type No. 9840" (CAS).
Note: according to the original description there are 6 paratypes from the same locality as
the holotype which are deposited in CAS, SINM. The paratypes are with blue labels
(personal communication with R. Gordon). The paratypes have not been found in SINM
and I was not able to receive them from CAS.
Type locality: USA, Utah, Utah Lake.
Hydroporus californicus: Holotype:
%
"Cal. Mono Co. \ round pond on ridge S of
Leavitt Mdw.", "Alt. 7500 ft. \ 13–VIII–1963 \ H.B. Leech", "Holotype \ Hydroporus
californicus \ Robert Gordon" [red], "California Academy \ of Sciences \ Type No. 9835"
(CAS).
Note: according to the original description there are 23 paratypes from the same
locality as the holotype and one paratype "California, Mendocino Co. Univ. Cal. Range E
xp. Sta., pond by deerpen, about 4 mi. NE of Hopland, 30–VI–1963, collected by
H.B.Leech" which are deposited in CAS, SINM. The paratypes are with blue labels
(personal communication with R. Gordon).
Type locality: USA, California, Mono County, Leavitt Meadow.
Hydroporus fatigus: Holotype:
%
"Roadside ditch \ Abbotsford \ B.C.14–IX–45 \
Hugh B. Leech", "
%
" [small blue label], "H.B. Leech \ Collection", "Holotype \
Hydroporus fatigus \ Robert Gordon" [red], "California Academy \ of Sciences \ Type No.
9836" (CAS).
Note: according to the original description there are 68 paratypes from different
localities in British Columbia, Montana, Oregon, and Washington which are deposited in
CAS, SINM, Field Museum of Natural History (Chicago), and in the collection of Indiana
University. The paratypes are with blue labels (personal communication with R. Gordon).
Type locality: Canada, British Columbia, Abbotsford.
Additional material
Canada: British Columbia: 12 exs., Gabriola, 12.VI.89, Carr (JBWM); 3 exs., same
© 2006 Magnolia Press 33
HYDROPORUS, LONGIUSCULUS-GROUP
1170
ZOOTAXA
locality only 13.IV.88 (JBWM); 1 ex., 14.IV.88 (JBWM); 7 exs., 10.IV.88 (JBWM); 3 exs.,
10.IV.88 (JBWM, CHS); 3 exs., 8.05.1990 (CHS); 9 exs., 10.05.1990 (CHS); 3 exs.,
31.05.1994 (CHS); 1 ex., Vancouver Island, Mt. Arrowsmith, 26.VII.1980, R.E. & M.L.
Roughley (JBWM); 2
%%
, 5 exs., Parksville, 4.VII.62, Carr (JBWM); 1 ex., Nanaimo,
19.VI.89, Carr (JBWM); 1
%
MacMillan Park at Highway 4, 15.IV.88, Carr (JBWM); 8
exs., Cassidy, 13.VI.89, Carr (JBWM); 2
%%
, 1 ex., Duncan, 30.X.85, Carr (JBWM); 2
exs., same locality only 6.VII.62 (JBWM); 2
%%
Victoria, 28.X.85, Carr (CNC, JBWM).
6
%%
, 24 exs., Victoria, 13.II.85, Carr (JBWM, CAS, CHS); 3
%%
, 1
&
, 3 exs., Sooke,
14.II.85, Carr (JBWM, CNC, CHS); 1
%
, 1
&
Elgin, 26.IV.81, Carr (JBWM); 2 exs., same
locality only 17.X.81 (JBWM); 1
&
University Campus, Vancouver, 9.III.1959, G. Scuddel
(JBWM); 1 ex., Vancouver, 3.VI.1930, Hugh B. Leech (CAS); 1 ex., Vancouver,
25.IV.1967, E.J. Kiteley (CNC); 1 ex., Vancouver, 10.VII.1962, Carr (JBWM); 1
%
Abbotsford, 29.V.40, H.B. Leech (CAS); 1
%
Abbotsford, 14.IX.45, H.B. Leech (CAS); 1
&
Abbotsford, 8.IX.79, Carr (JBWM); 1 ex., Langley, 9.IV.1933, K. Graham (CAS); 1
%
Langley, 2.I.35, K. Graham (CAS); 1 ex., Manning Provincial Park, McDiarmid
Meadows, 6.V.1984, R.E. Roughley, I.S. Askevold & D.A. Pollock (JBWM); 1 ex.,
Manning Provincial Park, near Monument 83, 22.VI.1988, L. LeSage (JBWM); 16 exs.,
Manning Provincial Park, 1 km NE East Ent. [entrance?], Similkameen River, 20.V.1988,
L. LeSage (JBWM); 1 ex., Oliver, 5.VIII.1956, Carr (JBWM); 1 ex., same locality only
30.VII.1956 (JBWM); 1
%
, 3 exs., 10.3 km N Sechelt, ca. 100 m, 13.IX.1978, R.E. & M.L.
Roughley (JBWM); 2
%%
, 1
&
, 13 exs., Campbell River, 15.VI.89, Carr (JBWM); 3 exs.,
Ladner, 23.IV.81, Carr (JBWM). 1
%
Boston Bar, 25.X.85, Carr (JBWM); 1
%
, 3 exs., Hope,
4.VIII.1956, Carr (JBWM); 1
%
Laidlaw, 8.IV.88, Carr (JBWM); 1 ex., Lorna,
25.VIII.1925, H. Richmond (JBWM); 1 ex., Pemberton, 24.VI.89, Carr (JBWM); 1 ex.,
Highway 99, 35 km NE Pemberton, 4.VI.94, Carr (CNC); 3
%%
, 1
&
, 4 exs., Mt. Currie-
Lillooet Road at Duffie Lake, 20.IX.86, Carr (JBWM); 1 ex., Wells Gray Provincial Park,
Ray Creek, 30.VI.1988, L. LeSage (JBWM); 1 ex., 10 km SW Bridge Lake, 5.04.1994,
Carr (CHS); 2
%%
Fraser Valley (AMNH); 1
&
Crescent Valley, 7.V.84 (CLH); 3
%%
, 29 exs.,
8 km SW Crescent Valley, 7.V.1984, R.E. Roughley (JBWM); 1
%
Creston, 4.X.1947, G.
Stace Smith (JBWM); 1 ex., Duck Lake near Wynndel, 12.IV.1980, I. Askevold (JBWM);
1
&
Wynndel, 13.IV.1947, G. Stace Smith (JBWM); 1
%
Wynndel, 30.III.1947, G. Stace
Smith, 2600 ft (JBWM); 5 exs., Dewar Creek, 18.V.84, Carr (JBWM); 2
%%
, 1 ex., Honey,
23.III.30, H. Leech (CAS, JBWM); 1
&
Vernon, 19.IV.1942, H. Leech (CAS); 1
%
Kamloops, near Lac du Bois, 3.IX.1939, H. Leech (JBWM); 1 ex., Lac le Jeune,
26.VIII.1932, A. Thrupp (CAS); 1
&
Blue Creek, Yalakom River, 21.VIII.42, G.B.Leech
(AMNH); 3
%%
, 4 exs., Galena Bay, 10.VI.84, Carr (JBWM); 1
%
, 1 ex., 55º50’N,
128º50’W, 5.VII.87, Carr (JBWM); 1
%
, 7 exs., Terrace, M.E. Hippisley (CAS, JBWM); 1
ex., Highway 16, 27 km E Purden Lake, 28.VI.89, Carr (JBWM); 1
%
, 2
&&
Summit Lake,
22.VII.69, Carr (JBWM); 1
%
Salmon Valley, 19.VII.69, Carr (JBWM); 1
%
Highway 37,
335 km North Junction Highway16, 9.VII.87, Carr (JBWM); 1 ex., Highway 37, 343 km
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1170
ZOOTAXA North Junction Highway 16, 9.VII.87, Carr (JBWM); 2
%%
, 1
&
Highway 37, 355 km North
Junction Highway 16, 10.VII.87, Carr (JBWM); 2 exs., Hwy. 37, Skowill Creek, 8.VII.87,
Carr (JBWM).
USA: Alaska: 1
%
, 3
&&
Unalaska, 14.VIII.07 (CAS); 1
&
Glacier River, Unalaska,
1907 (CAS); 16
%%
, 12
&&
Aleutian Islands, Unalaska, 14.VIII. (AMNH); 1
%
, 3
&&
Glacier
River, Unalaska (AMNH); 2
&&
Mendenhall Glacier, 19.IV.58, P. & P. Spangler (NDSUe);
1
%
Juneau Thunder Mountain, 10.VIII. 1979, D.P. Schwert (NDSUe). Washington: 1
&
Skagit Co., Samish River N of Sedro Woolley, 1.VII.1988, F.N. Young (JBWM); 1 ex.,
Pullman, 18.V.33, O. Edwards (JBWM); 2
%%
, 2 exs., Reardan, 18.IV.83, Carr (CNC); 1
%
Usk, 29.V.84, Carr (CNC); 1
&
John Day Dam, 26.IV.88, Carr (JBWM). Oregon: 2
%%
, 7
exs., Yamhill Co., 3.4 mi NE Spand Ronde Agancy, 4.V.1982, Westcott & Brown
(JBWM); 4 exs., Falls City [Polk Co.], 16.IV.85, Carr (JBWM); 2
%%
, 1
&
Corvallis
[Benton Co.], 20.V.1938, Hugh B. Leech (CAS); 1 ex., 2 mi S Florence, 3.V.1962,
Vertrees, Hansen, Carter & Schuh (AMNH); 3 exs., 7 mi S Florence, Siltcoos beach,
3.V.1962, Vertrees, Hansen, Carter & Schuh (AMNH); 1
%
, 1
&
same locality only 1.V.1962
(AMNH); 1
%
Lane Co., Siltcoos River Park, 22.IV.1964, J.D. Vertrees, J. Schuh (AMNH);
1 ex., Douglas Co., Lost Lake, N Reedsport, 22.IV.1964, J.D. Vertrees, J. Schuh (AMNH);
1 ex., Douglas Co., Elbow Lake, N Reedsport, 22.IV.1964, J.D. Vertrees, J. Schuh
(AMNH); 1
%
, 2 exs., Lakeside [Coos Co.], 25.VII.65, Carr (JBWM); 2 exs., Sixes River
[Curry Co.], 13.VI.91, Carr (CNC); 1
&
Curry Co., 4 mi N Ophir Russel Creek at Highway
101, 25.V.83, R.E. Roughley (JBWM); 1
&
Jackson Co., 6 mi N Medford, 22.V.1960, Joe
Schuh (AMNH); 1
%
, 2
&&
, 3 exs., Deschutes Co., near La Pine, 25.VI.1989, F.N. Young
(JBWM); 1
%
, 7 exs., Highway 31, 4 mi S La Pine, 2.VII.84, Carr (JBWM); 5
%%
, 6 exs.,
Bend, Swamp Wells, Deschutes National Forest, 3.VII.84, Carr (JBWM, CHS, CNC); 1
&
,
1 ex., Wildcat campground, Prineville [Crook Co.], 4.VII.84, Carr (JBWM, CNC); 3 exs.,
25 mi E Prineville, 26.IV.1957, Joe Schuh (AMNH); 1 ex., Klamath Co., 6 mi W Keno,
16.V.1962, Joe Schuh (AMNH); 1 ex., Klamath Co., 12 mi SW Keno, 6.III.1960, Joe
Schuh (AMNH); 1 ex., Klamath Co., near Keno, Spencer Creek, 4.VI.1955, Joe Schuh
(AMNH); 3 exs., Klamath Co., Denney Creek, 30.V.1965, Joe Schuh (AMNH); 1 ex.,
Klamath Co., near Gerber Dam, 16.VI.1957, Joe Schuh (AMNH); 2 exs., South Fork,
Little Butte Creek, 26.IX.1992, Carr (CHS); 1
%
, 1 ex., Klamath Co., Tecumseh Spring, 5
mi S of Fort Klamath, 9.IX.76, Hugh B. Leech (CAS); 2 exs., Klamath Co., Crooked
creek, 5 mi S of Fort Klamath, 9.IX.76 Hugh B. Leech (CAS); 2
%%
, 2
&&
Klamath Co., 4.5
mi N Chiloquin Spring Creek at Route 99, 10.9.1976, Galewski (NMW); 1 ex., Klamath
Co., 10 mi SE Chiloquin, Crystal Spring Creek, 2.10.1966, Schuh, Scott, Gray (AMNH);
4
%%
, 3
&&
, 7 exs., Highway 140, 3 km W Fort Klamath Junction, 25.IV.88, Carr (JBWM);
1
%
Klamath Co., near Fort Klamath, 20. VI.1975, F.N. Young (JBWM); 1 ex., Klamath
Co., Horse Glades, near Bly, 5.VI.1955, Joe Schuh (AMNH); 1 ex., Klamath Falls
[Klamath Co.], Algoma, 2.VI.1955, Joe Schuh (AMNH); 1 ex., Klamath Falls, above
Geary Ranch, 17.V.1961, Joe Schuh (AMNH); 1 ex., Klamath Falls, Old Fort Road,
© 2006 Magnolia Press 35
HYDROPORUS, LONGIUSCULUS-GROUP
1170
ZOOTAXA
26.V.1955, Joe Schuh (AMNH); 1 ex., Crescent [Klamath Co.], Little Deschutes River,
12.V.1957, Joe Schuh (AMNH); 2
%%
, 1
&
, 3 exs., Silver Lake [Lake Co.], 2.VII.84, Carr
(JBWM, CNC); 7
%%
, 6 exs., Silver Lake [Lake Co.], 1.VII.84, Carr (JBWM, CNC, CHS);
1 ex., 10 mi N Lakeview, Ogle Spring, 7.VI.1958, Vertrees & Schuh (AMNH); 1
&
Lake
Co., Quartz Mt., 7.VI.1955, Joe Schuh (AMNH); 3
%%
, 1
&
Highway 140 at Blue Creek,
25.VI.84, Carr (JBWM); 1
%
, 7 exs., Battle Mt., 27.V.84, Carr (JBWM, CNC); 2
%%
, 1 ex.,
Lehman Springs [Umatilla Co.], Highway 244, 14.VI.84, Carr (JBWM); 5
%%
, 3
&&
, 16
exs., Perry [Union Co.], 14.VI.84, Carr (JBWM, CNC, CHS). Idaho: 1
%
, 9 exs., Emida,
6.VII.84, Carr (JBWM); 1
%
same locality only 27.IV.88 (JBWM); 3
%%
, 8 exs., 5.VIII.84
(JBWM); 1
&
Cave Lake, 6.VII.84, Carr (JBWM); 1
%
, 1
&
Boundary Co., 19 km S E
astport, 12.V.1984, I.S. Askevold (JBWM); 1 ex., Hayden Lake, 10.VIII.1922, M.C. Lane
(JBWM). Nevada (first record, was known as H. hirtellus): 1
%
Reno, 12.VII. (JBWM);
2
%%
, 2
&&
Nye Co., Ash Meadows, 30.III.1966, Joe Schuh (AMNH); 6
%%
, 1
&
, 27 exs.,
Nye Co., Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Carson Slough, 27.4.1992, Challet
(CHF). California: 1 ex., Siskiyou Co., southern end of Taylor Lake, Salmon Mts., 6500 ft,
20.VIII.1970, Hugh B. Leech (CAS); 1
%
Siskiyou Co., Highway97, Grass Lake, ca. 5000’,
22.VI.74, A. & D. Smetana (CNC); 1 ex., Trinity Co., Trinity River, Douglas City,
11.VI.63 (JBWM); 1
%
, 2
&&
, 6 exs., Trinity Co., Mts. W of Trinity Center, creek into Lake
Eleanor, 1509 m, 11.VIII.1972, H.B. Leech (CAS); 1 ex., Trinity Co., Dan Rice Creek at
Carrville-Callahan road, 4515 ft, 23.VIII.70, H.B. Leech (CAS); 1 ex., Trinity Co.,
Monroe Creek, 6 mi NW of Hyampom, 24.VII.1968, Hugh B. Leech (CAS); 2
%%
, 33 exs.,
Trinity Co., Waterlily pond by Butter Creek Road, 2 mi airline SE of Hyampom, 2150 ft,
23.VII.68, H. Leech (CAS); 1
%
Forest Glen [Trinity Co.], 4.VII.91, Carr (CNC); 1
&
Forest
Glen, 18.VI.91, Carr (CNC); 2 exs., Shasta Co., Hat Creek at Highway 299, 27.IX.1980,
G. Challet (CHF); 2 exs., Hat Creek, Rout 299, 18.6.1956, P.S. Bartholomew (CAS); 1
%
,
3
&&
Tehama Co., creek at Highway I–5 at Jelly Ferry Road, 3 mi N Red Bluff, 27.
IV.1979 (CHF); 2
&&
, 2 exs., Tehama Co., 10 mi E Red Bluff at Highway 36, 26.IV.1981,
G. Challet (CGC); 1 ex., Tehama Co., Red Bluff, Dog Island Park, 29.IV–8.V.1984, D.S.
Chandler (JBWM); 2
&&
Plumas Co., at Mosquito Spring, 0.75 mi E of Domingo Spring,
NW of Chester, 29.VIII.1961, Hugh B. Leech (CAS); 1 ex., Highway 89, 6 mi S Graeagle
[Plumas Co.], 1.VII.91, Carr (CNC); 1
%
, 1 ex., Mendocino, 16.VIII.40, J.R. Helfer (CAS);
1 ex., same locality only 11.VIII.40 (CAS); 1
%
3.VIII.40 (CAS); 1 ex., Mendocino Co.,
Hopland Field Sta. [station?], 9.V.1970, Haddock, J.A. Powell (UCD); 2 exs., Mendocino
Co., Hopland Field Sta., Kelsey Cabin, Orchard area, 2600–2800’, 30.IV.1971, Robert
Hislop (UCD); 1
%
Glenn Co., Cold Springs, Bear Wallow Ridge, 4 mi airline SW of Alder
Springs, 5710 ft, 5.VII.1969, H. Leech (CAS); 1
%
Lake Co., Highway 20, Harley Gulch,
25.IV.1981, G. Challet (CHF); 1
&
Sierra Co., Sierraville, 3.7.1917, elevation 4950, H.
Chandler (CAS); 4
%
, 8 exs., Nevada Co., Donner Summit, 1 mi W Soda Springs, 7239’,
27.IX.1978, R.E. & M.L. Roughley (JBWM); 7 exs., Nevada Co., Donner’s Summit at
180E, near Soda Springs, 2203 m, 24.IX.1986, R.G. Beutel & R.E. Roughley (JBWM); 1
SHAVERDO36 © 2006 Magnolia Press
1170
ZOOTAXA ex., Placer Co., VIII., A. Koebele (NDSUe); 1
&
Placer Co., Emigrant Gap, 27.VII.1966,
P.H. Arnaud (CAS); 1
&
Placer Co., near Emigrant Gap, 17.VI.1989, F.N. Young (JBWM);
1
%
Tallac, VIII.03, E.C. VanDyke (CAS); 1 ex., Alpine Co., VII.34, J.E. Blum (CAS); 1
ex., Sonoma Co., near Jenner, 26.VI.1975, F.N. Young (JBWM); 1
%
Santa Rosa [Sonoma
Co.], 15.V.38, H.B. Leech (CAS); 1
%
, 10
&&
Napa Co., Angwin, 26.IV.1975, Hugh B.
Leech (CAS); 1 ex., Napa Co., Pope Valley, 7.V.1967, A. Keuter (CAS); 2
&&
Marin Co.,
Mill Valley, Cascade Dam, Old Mill Creek, 6.V.1968, Hugh B. Leech (CAS); 1 ex., Marin
Co., Pt. Reyes, 17.10.48, D. Giuliani (CAS); 1 ex., Marin Co., Lagunitas, 26.III.45 (CAS);
2
%%
Marin Co., Interness, 22.V.1983, R.E. Roughley (JBWM); 2
%%
Marin Co., 10. VI.06
(AMNH); 1
%
, 2 exs., San Mateo Co., Pulgas Water Temple, n. [near or N?] Woodside,
1.III.1953, Paul S. Bartholomew (CAS); 3 exs., 10 mi NW Yosemite [Tuolumne Co.],
elevation 7000, 21.VII.46, H.P. Chandler (CAS); 36 exs., Mariposa Co., NE slope
Chowchilla Mts., at Stove Pipe Campground, 6100’, 6.VIII.71, H.B. Leech (CAS); 1 ex.,
Madera Co., 4.75 mi airline ESE Fish Camp, 6400’, 9.VIII.1971, H. Leech (CAS); 1
%
, 3
exs., Ihyo Co., Little Black Rock Spring, 28.V.1971, Derham Giuliani (CAS); 1 ex., same
locality only 25.V.1971 (CAS); 1
%
, 3 exs., Ihyo Co., Deep Springs, Deep Springs Valley,
ca. 19 air mi E Bishop, II.1971, Derham Giuliani (CAS); 3 exs., Ihyo Co., Deep Springs
Valley, Buckhorn Spring, 22.I.1972, Derham Giuliani (CAS); 1 ex., Ihyo Co., Tecopa,
26.XII.1972, Derham Giuliani (CAS); 1
&
"Shoshone, [Ihyo Co.], Joe Schuh (AMNH);
2
%%
, 2
&&
Fresno Co., 60-Lake Basin, Kings River, 21.VII.1910 (CAS); 16
%%
, 1
&
, 89
exs., Fresno Co., 2 mi NW Ward Lake, road to Florence Lake, 7250’, 29.VIII.1971, Hugh
B. Leech (CAS); 1
&
, 4 exs., Fresno Co., S. Fk. [South Fork?], San Joaquin River under
bridge in Mono Hot Springs, 6530 ft, 28.VIII.1971, Hugh B. Leech (CAS); 1 ex., Fresno
Co., end of Stump Springs Road to Aspen Meadow, 6350’, W of Huntington Lake,
26.VIII.1971, H. Leech (CAS); 1
&
, 2
%%
, 2 exs., Tulare Co., Mineral King, Mosquito
Lakes, 16.VIII.1959, Paul S. Bartholomew (CAS); 2 exs., Carmel [Monterey Co.],
10.III.16 (JBWM); 1
&
Carmel, 14.III.16 (JBWM); 1 ex., Carmel, 12.III.16, Sleyin
(JBWM); 10 exs., Paraiso Springs [Monterey Co.], 25.IV.1974, L.S. Sleyin (JBWM); 1
ex., same locality only 2.VI.1976 (JBWM); 1
%
, 2 exs., San Bernardino Co., Holcomb
Valley, 3.VI.1988, G.L. Challet (CGC); 1
&
Mohave [Mojave] Desert, Victorville, F.E.
Winters (CAS); 2 exs., Riverside Co., Lake Hemet, 27.V.1979, G. Challet (CGC); 1 ex.,
Los Angeles Co., 1 mi S Gorman, 6.V.1981, G. Challet (CGC); 1
%
Cuyama Ranch,
Cuyama Canyon [Santa Barbara Co.], 6.III.37, E. Ross, H.B. Leech, M. Cazier (CAS); 1
%
,
2 exs., San Diego Co., La Posta Creek at Interstate Highway 8, 12.VII.1980 (CGC); 1 ex.,
San Mignel, 29.V.27 (JBWM). Utah (first record, was known as H. utahensis): 1
%
, 1
&
Virgin River [Washington Co.] (AMNH). Arizona (first record, was known as H.
hirtellus): 1
%
Santa Cruz Co., Pena Blanca Lake, Las Guijas Mountains, 17.X.1978, C.
Olsen & R.E. & M.L. Roughley (JBWM). New Mexico (first record): 3
%%
, 2
&&
Wall
Lake [near Silver City], 16.IX.89, Carr (CNC).
© 2006 Magnolia Press 37
HYDROPORUS, LONGIUSCULUS-GROUP
1170
ZOOTAXA
Doubtful or inexact localities: 1
%
G C,
%
, 198 [blue circle, hw] (CNC); 2 exs., B. A.,
Ac. 5409. Coll. Chas Palm (AMNH).
Description
TL=3.52–4.52 mm, MW=1.76–2.36 mm, MW/TL–HL=0.53–0.57; habitus elongate,
narrowly oval, in some specimens subparallel-sided (Figs. 1–4).
Head reddish brown to black, with paler (yellowish red to reddish brown) vertex and
clypeus, ventrally dark reddish brown to brownish black, with gula paler (yellowish red to
reddish brown), gula paler then genae; pronotum with dark reddish brown to black disc, if
dark reddish brown then at least anterior margin broadly black, and distinctly paler
(yellowish red to dark brown) lateral band or sides; elytra pale reddish brown to blackish
brown, paler basally and laterally, often with yellowish markings at the base (sometimes
only at shoulder) and in some specimens also laterally in median part and subapically (Fig.
4); pronotal and elytral epipleura pale reddish brown to brown; antennomeres reddish
brown to black, evidently paler basally, sometimes concolorous, antennomeres 1–2
sometimes not infuscate, yellowish red to reddish brown, antennomeres 5–11 stronger
infuscate, palpi pale reddish brown (like gula) to brown, slightly infuscate apically; legs
reddish brown, coxae dark brown medially; ventral side brownish black with reddish
brown posterior margin of metacoxal processes and in many specimens with pale reddish
brown to dark brown lateral spots on abdominal sternum 3 or 3–4; in teneral specimens
ventral surface pale reddish brown except metasternum and metacoxal plates, ventral
surface of head especially pale but gula paler then genae.
Head with punctation relatively coarse and dense (spaces between punctures 1–3 times
size of punctures); disc of pronotum with punctation sparser than on head (spaces between
punctures 1–5 times size of punctures), with distinct, punctate impression at posterolateral
angles; elytra with denser (spaces between punctures 1–3 times size of punctures), coarser,
and more regular (not even) punctation than on disc of pronotum, denser and coherent at
anterior part close to suture; epipleuron of elytron with large punctures, spaces between
them 1–2 times size of punctures; metasternum, metacoxae, and abdominal sterna 1–2
with very large punctures, their medial part with very fine and sparse punctation,
abdominal sterna 1–2 with punctation much denser than on metasternum and metacoxae,
punctures with hairs; abdominal sterna 3–6 with punctures smaller and sparser than on
abdominal sterna 1–2, punctation from relatively sparse and fine to denser and coarser;
dorsal and ventral surfaces with evident microreticulation; in some specimens
microreticulation stronger so that beetles appearing less shiny, dull.
Pronotum with evident, relatively broad lateral bead; sides of pronotum slightly
rounded and convergent; epipleura slightly visible at anterior angles in lateral view;
pronotum sinuate at base so that posterolateral angles distinctly produced. Lateral margin
of elytron weakly to moderately ascending towards shoulder; epipleuron not or slightly
visible at shoulder angle. Prosternum with declivity of prosternal process distinct,
SHAVERDO38 © 2006 Magnolia Press
1170
ZOOTAXA prominence evident. Metacoxal lines parallel, or subparallel, or diverging anteriorly;
posterior margins of metacoxal processes conjointly truncate to distinctly angulate (Figs.
14–18).
Protibia with a row of punctures on anterior face not reaching base of protibia and with
a few punctures basally frequently forming an irregular, short row (which can reach to
middle of protibia or further) so that row on protibia appearing double or irregularly
broken (Figs. 9, 10); in some specimens (especially from California) row singular, but
starting dorsally on anterior surface not ventrally as in most species of the nigellus-group,
or rather short and not reaching base of tibia; in rare specimens protibia of one leg with
singular row of punctures (or with chaotic punctures) and protibia of the other with
"normal" double row.
Male: Protarsomeres 1–3 dilated, rather small, variable in shape (elongate-oval, rarely
rounded) and size: Lprot3=0.15–0.19 mm, Lprot2=0.09–0.12 mm, protarsomere 3 the
narrowest: Wprot3=0.12–0.15 mm, Wprot2=0.14–0.18 mm, Wprot1=0.14–0.16 mm,
Wprot3/Lprot3=0.72–0.94 (Figs. 23, 26–31); protarsus with claws equal or subequal,
anterior can be slightly shorter (Figs. 38–44). Median lobe of aedeagus straight or very
slightly curved in lateral view (Figs. 57, 60, 62–67) and in ventral view as in Figs. 58, 61,
paramere as in Fig. 59.
Female: Protarsomeres not modified, narrow (Fig. 55). Protarsal claws not modified,
slender than in male. Dorsal microreticulation same as in male or slightly stronger
developed. Gonocoxosternum and gonocoxa as in Figs. 51, 53.
Variability
The species shows great variability in body shape and size, coloration, punctation, and
shape of posterior margin of the metacoxal processes. From all studied specimens, small
size, parallel-sided body shape, and pale coloration are more characteristic for beetles
from Alaska (Fig. 3). They often have an almost uniformly pale pronotum, with darker
anterior margin, because the pale lateral margin of the pronotum is broad and conjoined
with the pale posterior margin. The specimens from northern populations more often have
pale markings on the elytra. Beetles from locations further southwards have the body more
rounded (Figs. 1, 2). They are larger and darker, being characteristic for specimens from
California. Also the punctation of the dorsal and ventral surface of the body is denser and
coarser in specimens from more southern populations though not always. For example the
punctation of the abdominal sterna 3–6 varies from relatively sparse and less coarse
(Alaska, British Columbia, Idaho, California: Fresno Co.) to much denser and coarser,
especially on the apex of the abdominal sternum 6 (California: Trinity Co., Arizona).
Some specimens (California: Fresno Co.) have the punctation of the head very irregular
(spaces between punctures 1–10 times size of punctures) and relatively fine.
© 2006 Magnolia Press 39
HYDROPORUS, LONGIUSCULUS-GROUP
1170
ZOOTAXA
FIGURES 1–13. Body outline (1–8) and protibia, anterior view (9–13) of Hydroporus longiusculus
(1–4, 9, 10) and H. pervicinus (5–8, 11–13). 1—holotype of H. hirtellus; 2, 10—holotype of H.
utahensis; 3, 9—Alaska; 4—British Columbia; 5—holotype of H. similaris; 6—holotype of H.
pervicinus; 7, 13—holotype of H. hirsutus; 8—Oregon; 11, 12—Alberta.
SHAVERDO40 © 2006 Magnolia Press
1170
ZOOTAXA Variability of the shape of the posterior margin of the metacoxal processes may be
frequently observed. Slightly to strongly angulate posterior margin of the metacoxal
processes was found in specimens from the same population in Unalaska, Alaska (Figs.
14, 15). The metacoxal processes with a conjointly angulate posterior margin are displayed
in seven specimens and with a truncate posterior margin in five specimens from one
population: Victoria, British Columbia. Also, both shapes were found in specimens from
British Columbia: Hope (Figs. 16, 17), Idaho: Emida, and California: Trinity Co. In
addition, there is variability in the shape of the protarsomere 3 (Figs. 23, 26–31, in the
same population in Figs. 27, 28) and relative length of the protarsal claws (Figs. 38–44, in
the same population in Figs. 39, 40 and 41, 42). The latter sometimes is difficult to
appreciate since the very tops of the claws can be broken. I studied the material for a
possible correlation of the characters. For example a possibility could be as follows:
parallel-sided beetles with the sparser and finer punctation (especially of the abdominal
sternum 6), with the smaller narrower protarsomere 3, and longer, almost equal protarsal
claws in male belong to H. longiusculus; more rounded beetles with the denser and coarser
punctation, with broader protarsomere 3 and more unequal claws belong to H. hirtellus.
However, these two hypothetical species have not been found. The characters do not occur
in such combinations, they are not correlated. The species is less variable in the structure
of the puncture row on the protibia, only in some specimens it is singular (see
"Description").
Remarks on the synonymy
The herein proposed synonymy of H. hirtellus with H. longiusculus confirms doubts
about the validity of the former species previously stated by several authors (Gemminger
and Harold 1868; Crotch 1873; Sharp 1882; Horn 1883) including LeConte himself. He
wrote (1855) that it might be the female of H. subpubescens LeConte. Being not aware of
the synonymy with H. subpubescens published by Gemminger and Harold (1868) and
accepted by Crotch (1873), Sharp (1882) wrote that H. hirtellus was perhaps more allied to
H. modestus Aubé (a synonym of H. niger Say) than to H. tenebrosus LeConte (he
assumed that H. subpubescens could be synonym of H. tenebrosus) and noticed the
resemblance with H. planus (F.). Horn (1883) wrote that in his opinion the name H.
tenebrosus should be applied to H. despectus Sharp, H. hirtellus, H. perplexus, H. rusticus
Sharp, and H. subpubescens. However, since Fall’s work (1923) H. hirtellus was treated as
a valid species and H. perplexus was recognized as its synonym. My examination of the
types of H. hirtellus and its synonym H. perplexus showed that both are conspecific with
H. longiusculus.
Hydroporus utahensis was described by Gordon (1981). He wrote that the species
resembled H. despectus and H. hirtellus but could be distinguished from them by the
following diagnostic characters:
© 2006 Magnolia Press 41
HYDROPORUS, LONGIUSCULUS-GROUP
1170
ZOOTAXA
– from H. despectus: the broad constriction of the aedeagus in the basal third; the finer
punctation of the dorsal surface, and "the gena [genae] is piceous or at least considerably
darker than the submentum [gula]",
– from H. hirtellus: more elongate habitus and the sparser punctation of the elytra.
Also "the lateral margin of the pronotum is wider in utahensis than any of the related
species".
Larson et al. (2000) treated the species as valid but in need of a careful reevaluation.
My examination of the holotype has shown that H. utahensis is conspecific with H.
longiusculus. The constriction of the median lobe mentioned in the original description is
not observed and it was most likely due to drying of the median lobe which is often
observed not only in H. longiusculus but also in the other species. The other mentioned
characters were found to represent infraspecific variability (see "Description" and
"Variability").
Ecology
The species occurs among submerged vegetation (i.e. Carex) in small alpine,
grassland, and forest pools, lakes, and ponds (Larson et al. 2000). It also inhabits swaps
near the lakes, bogs, and muddy puddles as well as flowing water-bodies like roadside
ditches and small streams. It is known from mineral spring water. Hydroporus
longiusculus occurs at altitudes up to 2286 m a.s.l. (California: Mono Co.).
Distribution
CANADA: British Columbia. USA: Alaska, Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Montana
(see "Type material"), Nevada, California, Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico (Fig. 87).
Hydroporus pervicinus Fall, 1923
Hydroporus pervicinus Fall, 1923: 84 (orig. descr.); Anderson 1962: 63; Gordon & Post 1965: 17
(diagn.); Larson 1975: 311 (descr.); Larson et al. 2000: 399 (descr.); Nilsson 2001: 162 (cat.).
Hydroporus similaris Fall, 1923: 85 (orig. descr.); Larson et al. 2000: 380 (descr.); Nilsson 2001:
166 (cat.); syn.n.
Hydroporus hirsutus Gordon, 1981: 117 (orig. descr.); Larson et al. 2000: 401 (descr.); Nilsson
2001: 161 (cat.); syn.n.
Type material
Hydroporus pervicinus: Holotype:
%
"Lake Tahoe \ Cal. \ Jul 17 21 97", "
%
" [small
label], "Type \ pervicinus." [partly hw Fall], "Type \ 23943" [red], "H.C. Fall \ collection",
"Holotype \ Hydroporus pervicinus \ Fall 1923" (MCZ).
Type locality: USA, California, Lake Tahoe.
Note: according to the original description there are paratypes from the same locality
as the holotype and from British Columbia in SINM (Sherman’s collection) as well as a
SHAVERDO42 © 2006 Magnolia Press
1170
ZOOTAXA single male from "Above Ouray, Colorado, Toll Road, 8000–9000 ft." (Wickham’s
collection). The paratypes have not been found in SINM and MCZ.
Hydroporus similaris: Holotype:
%
"Corvallis \ Oreg", "
%
" [small label], "Type. \
similaris" [partly hw Fall], "M.C.Z. \ Type \ 23954" [red], "H.C. Fall \ Collection",
"Holotype \ Hydroporus \ similaris \ Fall 1923" [hw] (MCZ).
Type locality: USA, Oregon, Corvallis.
Note: according to the original description there are paratypes from the same locality
as the holotype and one paratype from the Frazer [Fraser] Valley, British Columbia; all
types were collected by Sherman. It is unknown where the paratypes are deposited. They
have not found in SINM and MCZ.
Hydroporus hirsutus: Holotype:
%
"Mt. Goethe \ Fresno Co. Calif. \ 9.VII.1952 \ Peter
Raven" [partly hw], "12600 \ ft. elev." [hw], "Holotype \ Hydroporus hirsutus \ Robert
Gordon", "California Academy \ of Sciences \ Type No. 9837" (CAS).
Type locality: USA, California, Fresno County, Mount Goethe.
Note: according to the original description there are 15 paratypes from the same
locality as the holotype which are deposited in CAS, SINM. The paratypes are with blue
labels (personal communication with R. Gordon). The paratypes have not been found in
SINM and I was not able to receive them from CAS.
Additional material
Canada: British Columbia: 3
%%
, 5
&&
Blue Creek, Yalakom River, 6500’, 21.VIII.42,
G.B. Leech (CNC, CAS); 1
%
, 1
&
Yalakom River, 21.VIII.42, Hugh B. Leech (CNC); 1
&
E
nderby, at brick factory, 19.VI.38, G.B. Leech (CNC); 1
%
Mt. Apex, 5800’, 12.VIII.1933,
A.N. Gartrell (CNC); 1
%
Copper Mtn., 10.VI.1929, G. Stace Smith (CNC); 1
%
same
locality only 17.IX.1929 (CNC); 1
%
21.VIII.1929 (JBWM); 2
%
Coquihalla, Highway at
Coldwater River, 16.IX.88, Carr (CNC); 1 ex., Red Pass, 8.VIII.1932, G. Stace Smith
(CNC); 1
%
, 5
&&
Fraser Valley (AMNH); 2
%%
, 1
&
Iskut, Highway 37, 11.VII.87, Carr
(CNC). Alberta: 2
&&
Manyberries, 21.VII.60, (CNC); 1
%
, 1
&
Cypress Hills, 20.V.61, Carr
(CGC, CNC); 1
%
, 1
&
Cypress Hills, 23.VII.26, F.S. Carr (JBWM); 1
%
Empress,
7.VI.1957, MacNay (CNC); 1
%
Medicine Hat, 12.VI 1930, J.H. Pepper (CNC); 1
%
, 1
&
Medicine Hat, 31.VIII.24, F.S. Carr (JBWM); 1
%
same locality only 31.V.24 (JBWM); 1
%
,
1
&
Aden, 20.VII.60, Carr (CNC); 1
&
2.5 mi SW Onefour, 22.V.1977, R.E. & M.L.
Roughley (JBWM); 1
&
Junction Highway 2 and Little Bow River, 9.IV.1971, D. & M.
Larson (JBWM); 3
%%
, 6
&&
N Cressday, Twp. [township] 6, Rge. [range] 1, W 4 Mer.
[meridian], 10.05.1980, Carr (CHS); 2
%%
Twp. 6, Rge.1 W 4 Mer. [south Cypress Hills],
10.V.1980, Carr (CNC); 1
%
Twp. 6, Rge. 7 W 4 Mer. [west Orion], 31.III.1972, Carr
(CNC); 2
&&
"Twp. 13, Rge. 4 W 4 Mer. [east Medicine Hat], 21.V.1961, Carr (CGC,
CNC); 1
%
Twp. 18, Rge. 26 W 4 Mer. [near Brand], 23.IV.1972, Carr (CNC); 1
%
Twp. 1,
© 2006 Magnolia Press 43
HYDROPORUS, LONGIUSCULUS-GROUP
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ZOOTAXA
Rge. 12 W 4 Mer. [southeast Masinasin], 2.VII.1972 Carr (CNC); 1
%
Twp. 28, Rge. 2 W 4
Mer. [near Sibbald], 20.VI.1985, Carr (CNC); 1
%
Gleichen, 25.III.1956, Carr (CNC); 1
ex., Twp. 6, Rge. 3 W 5 Mer. [west Beaver Mines], 6.VII.1961, Carr (CNC); 1 ex., 4 mi N
Lundbreck, 12.VII.1971, Larson (JBWM); 2
%%
Twp. 13, Rge. 4 W 5 Mer. [west
Claresholm], 12.VII.1961, Carr (CNC); 1
%
Calgary, 24.III.1956, Carr (CNC); 1
%
Calgary,
3.V.1953, Carr (CNC); 1
&
Calgary, 10.IV.1944, E.J. Kiteley (CNC); 2
%%
Jumpingpound
Creek, 22.IV.1972, Carr (CNC); 2
%%
, 3
&&
15 mi SE Calgary, 4.IV.71, D. & M. Larson
(CNC); 11
%%
, 7
&&
near East Coulee, Twp. 28, Rge. 17 W 4 Mer., 29.III.1986, Carr
(CHS); 1
%
, 1
&
Piegen Indian Reserve, 23.VI.26, F.S. Carr (JBWM); 2
%%
Twp. 25, Rge. 3
W 5 Mer., 2.V.1980, J. Carr (CGC); 1
&
Wisdom [?], 21.VII.60, Carr (CNC).
Saskatchewan: 2
%%
Twp. 8, Rge. 27 W 3 Mer. [near Cypress Hill Provincial Park],
22.VIII.1986, Carr (CNC); 4
%%
Twp. 8, Rge. 28, W 3 Mer. [W Cypress Hill Provincial
Park], 21.08.1986, Carr (CHS); 1
%
Twp. 6, Rge. 2 W 3 Mer. [Twelve Mile Lake],
22.VII.1986, Carr (CNC); 1
&
Twp. 6, Rge. 2 W 3 Mer., 21.VI.1990, Carr (CNC); 1
%
Twp.
8, Rge. 5 W 2 Mer. [near Kisbey], 1.VIII.1994, Carr (CNC); 1
%
Lake Alma, 27.IV.87, Carr
(CNC); 1
%
Assiniboia, 10.VII.1973, Carr (CNC); 1
%
Assiniboia, 7.VIII.1971, Carr
(CNC); 1
%
Regina, 14.V.1944, C.C. Shaw (CAS); 1
&
Roche Percee, 4.VIII., J.B. Wallis
(CNC). Manitoba: 14
%%
, 2
&&
Highway3, 2.8 km N junction with 256N, near Pierson,
19.IX.1985, R.E. Roughley (JBWM, CHS); 1
%
Aweme, 30.VII.22, J.B. Wallis (CNC);
2
%%
, 2
&&
Aweme, 6.VII.20, J.B. Wallis (CNC, JBWM); 1
&
Aweme, 30.VII.1922, N.
Criddle (CNC); 1
%
, 1
&
near Reston, 28–29.VII.02, Shaverdo H. & Alperin M.,
49º40’48"N 101º12’46"W (CHS); 1
&
Winnipeg, 24.V.24, J.B. Wallis (JBWM); 1
&
same
locality only 22.VI.24 (JBWM); 1
&
Twp. 7, Rge. 10 E, 19.XII., J.B.Wallis (JBWM).
USA: Washington: 1
%
, 1
&
Ritzville, 17.V.1921, M.C. Lane (JBWM); 1
%
, 8 exs.,
Highway 23, 3 km N Lamont, 12.VI.84, Carr (CNC); 1
%
Reardan, 18.IV.83, Carr (CNC).
Montana: 1
%
, 1
&
Highway 323, 45 mi N Alzada [Carter Co.], 23.VII.90, Carr (CNC).
Note: the species was previously reported from the state by Gordon (1969): Glacier Co.
and Meagher Co. The records confirm that the species occurs in Montana. North Dakota:
3
%%
, 9
&&
Stutsman Co., Cottonwood Lake, 2.IV.1980, B.A. Hanson & G.A. Swanson
(NDSUe); 1
&
same locality only 18.IV.1980 (NDSUe); 1
&
18.IV.1980 (NDSUe); 1
%
, 1
&
2.V.1979 (NDSUe). Note: the species was previously reported from the state by Gordon &
Post (1965): Sioux Co. and by Gordon (1969): Sioux Co., Williams Co., and Towner Co.
The records confirm that the species occurs in North Dakota. Oregon: 1
%
, 1
&
"Corvallis
[Benton Co.], 20.V.1938, Hugh B. Leech (CAS); 1
%
Corvallis 22.IX. (AMNH); 1
%
Corvallis, 15.III.1936, N.P. Larson (AMNH); 1
%
Eugene [Lane Co.], 26.VI.41, B. Malkin
(CNC); 3
%%
, 12
&&
, 13 exs., Wasco Co., Mt. Hood National Forest, FSR 4310 at Clear
Creek, 5.VI.1989, C.G. & D.A. Pollock (JBWM, CHS); 6 exs., Wasco Co., Mt. Hood
National Forest, FSR 4310 at Clear Creek Campground,. 5.VI.1989, D.A. Pollock
(JBWM); 3
%%
, 13
&&
Steen [Steens] Mt. Road, South Limb [Harney Co.], 23.VI.84, Carr
(CNC); 7
%%
, 12
&&
Highway 140 at Blue Creek [Lake Co., near Lakeview], 25.VI.84,
SHAVERDO44 © 2006 Magnolia Press
1170
ZOOTAXA Carr (CNC, JBWM); 3
&&
Seneca [Grant Co.], 18.VI.84, Carr (CNC); 6
%%
, 3
&&
Silver
Lake [Lake Co.], 1.VII.84, Carr (CNC, CHS); 3
%%
, 1
&
Highway 205, 20 mi N Fields
Junction [Harney Co.], 20.VI.84, Carr (CNC); 1
&
same locality only 21.VI.84 (CNC); 1
&
11 mi, 22.VI.84 (CNC); 3
%%
, 1
&
Barton Lake Reservoir [Clackamas Co.?], 19.VI.84, Carr
(CNC); 7
%%
, 3
&
Silvies [Grant Co.], 18.VI.84, Carr (CNC, CHS); 6
%%
Bend, Swamp
Wells, Deschutes National Forest, 3.VII.84, Carr (CNC); 2
%%
, 6
&&
, 1 ex., Highway 205,
Roaring Springs Ranch, 20.IV.84, Carr (JBWM); 2
%%
same locality only 22.VI.84 (CNC);
1
%
, 7
&&
10 mi E Blizzard Gap, Highway 140, 24.VI.84, Carr (CNC); 1
%
Alkali Lake,
30.VI.84, Carr (CNC); 1
%
Klamath Co., Poe Valley, 13.V.1966, Joe Schuh (AMNH); 1
%
Barkley Spring, Upper Klamath Lake, 6.VI.1960, Joe Schuh" (AMNH); 1
%
"Lake Co., 14
mi SW Plush, 6.VI.1958, Vertrees & Schuh (AMNH). Idaho: 1
%
South Fork, Partridge
Creek at Fish Creek Road, Targhee National Forest, 18.VI.86, Carr (CNC); 1
%
Junction
Roads 294 & 315, Targhee National Forest, 10.VI.86, Carr (CNC); 4
%%
, 2
&&
27 km S
Prairie, 31.V.86, Carr (CNC, JBWM). Wyoming: 2
%%
South Pass City [Fremont Co.],
7.VII.70, Carr (JBWM). Note: the species was previously reported from the state by
Gordon (1969): Sheridan Co. and Yellowstone National Park. The records confirm that the
species occurs in Wyoming. California: 1
%
Lower Klamath Lake, Ore. [California],
30.V.55, Joe Schuh (AMNH); 1
&
Siskiyou Co., Medicine Lake, 22.IX.1965, Joe Schuh
(AMNH); 1
%
Yuba Pass [Nevada Co.], 1.VII.91, Carr (CNC); 1
%
, 1
&
Tahoe [Placer Co.],
VII. (AMNH); 1
%
Siskiyou Co., 6 mi S Macdoel, 2.VII.1956, Joe Schuh" (AMNH); 1
&
Yosemite National Park [Mariposa Co.], 17.VIII.79, Fery (CHF). Note: see also "Type
material". Nevada: 1
%
½ mi E Spooners Summit, 15.VI.1957, P.C. & R.W. Coleman
(CAS); 3
%%
White Pine Co., Snake Range, Wheeler Park, Stella Lake, 10800’, 29.VII.71,
D.H. Kavanaugh (CAS); 2
%%
White Pine Co., Snake Range, Great Basin National Park,
Stella Lake, 10.400’, 12.VIII.1994, M.A. Ivie (MSUB); 3
&&
Nevada (CNC, AMNH).
Utah: 1
&
Wasatch National Forest, 12.VIII.66, Carr (CNC); 1
&
Manila, 8.VII.70, Carr"
(CNC); 1
&
Spirit Lake, Uinta Mountains, 30.VI.86, Carr (CNC); 1
%
, 1
&
Virgin River
[Washington Co] (AMNH); 1
&
Dixie National Forest, near Panquitch Lake, 9.VII.2004,
Wewalka (CGW). Colorado: 3
%%
, 2
&&
Gove Pass, 11.VI.70, Carr (CNC); 2
%%
Mancos,
23.VII.70, Carr (CNC); 1
%
Clear Creek Co., Berthoud Pass, 22.VII.69, O. Bazoska
(CNC); 1
&
Boulder Co., Rollins Pass, 18.VIII.1981, A.C. Ashworth, elevation 10800’
(NDSUg); 3
%%
, 2
&&
Nederland, Science Lodge, 11500’, 4.VII.61, B.H. Poole (CNC);
2
%%
same locality only 27.VI.61 (CNC); 1
%
, 3 exs., Garfield Co., White River Mts.,
Trappers Lake, 9800’, 14–15.VIII. 73, D.H. Kavanaugh (CAS). Note: see also "Type
material". Arizona: 1
%
, 1
&
Coconino Co., near Woods Canyon Lake, 4.VI.1983, J. Webb
(CGC); 2
%%
, 5 exs., KaibabLodge, 18.VII.66, Carr" (CNC); 2
%%
, 4
&&
Grand Canyon,
North Rim, 8000–9100 ft, 19. VII.34, D. Rockefeller (AMNH); 9
%%
, 7
&&
Kaibab
National Forest, N Grand Canion, 14.7.2004, Wewalka (CGW); 16 exs., Mint Springs,
Coconino National Forest, 26.IX.80, Carr (CNC); 6 exs., Kehl’s Spring, Coconino
National Forest, 27.IX.80, Carr (CNC); 12 exs., Coconino Co., on Route 160, 2 to 3 mi E
© 2006 Magnolia Press 45
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Mogollon Rim, 18.IX.68, P. Bartholomew (CAS); 1
&
Coconino Co., head of Tonto Creek,
Cn. [canyon] Mogollon Mesa, 2350 m, 16, 21.VIII.1977, G.E. & K.E. Ball (JBWM); 1
%
Apache National Forest, 10 mi SW Eagar, 16.VII.76, 2600 m, M. Campbell (CNC); 1
%
Gila Co., Sierra Ancha Mts., Aztec Peak, ca. 6.1 km SE junction 288 & Tonto National
Forest Road 487, s-facing slope, 2220 m, 31.VIII.1977, G.E. & K.E. Ball (JBWM); 2
%%
Cospino (AMNH).
Description
TL=3.56–4.64 mm, MW=1.80–2.32 mm, MW/TL–HL=0.52–0.57; habitus broadly
oval to rather narrow and elongate (Figs. 5–8), somehow more convex than H.
longiusculus, especially pronotum.
Elytra paler than head and pronotum or coloration of dorsal surface uniformly
brownish black with reddish brown lateral margins of pronotum; head reddish brown to
black, with paler vertex, ventrally yellowish brown to dark brown, usually genae distinctly
darker than gula (gula reddish, genae dark brown) or slightly darker then gula (gula
reddish brown, genae dark reddish brown), sometimes genae darker than gula only close to
sutures; pronotum reddish brown to black, with broadly paler margins; elytra uniformly
reddish brown to black, sometimes with yellowish spots at base (Fig. 8); pronotal and
elytral epipleura pale reddish brown to brown; antennomeres not concolorous,
antennomeres 1–2 yellowish red to reddish brown, not infuscate, antennomeres 3–4
usually infuscate, antennomeres 5–11 dark brown to black, paler at their base; palpi pale
reddish brown (like gula) to brown, infuscate apically or not; legs yellowish brown to paler
or darker reddish brown, tibia and tarsi darker; ventral side brownish black with reddish
brown posterior margin of metacoxal processes and usually with pale reddish brown to
dark brown lateral spots on abdominal sternum 3 or 3–4.
Head with punctation relatively coarse and dense (spaces between punctures 1–3 or 5
times size of punctures); disc of pronotum with punctation similar or denser than on head,
with distinct, punctate impression at posterolateral angles; elytra with denser (spaces
between punctures 1–2 times size of punctures), coarser, and more regular (not even)
punctation than on disc of pronotum; epipleuron of elytron with large punctures, spaces
between them 1–2 times size of punctures; metasternum, metacoxae, and abdominal sterna
1–2 with very large punctures, their medial part with very fine and sparse punctation,
abdominal sterna 1–2 with punctation distinctly denser than on metasternum and
metacoxae; abdominal sterna 3–6 with punctures much smaller and sparser than on
abdominal sterna 1–2, abdominal sternum 6 with punctation rather variable among and
within populations, from relatively sparse to rather dense; punctures with hairs; dorsal and
ventral surfaces with evident microreticulation; most specimens with rather fine
microreticulation, so that dorsal surface appearing shiny, some specimens with
microreticulation stronger, thus appearing dull.
SHAVERDO46 © 2006 Magnolia Press
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FIGURES 14–37. Metacoxal processes (14–22), male protarsomeres 1–3, dorsal view (23–25),
and male protarsomere 3, dorsal view (26–37) of Hydroporus longiusculus (14–18, 23, 26–31) and
H. pervicinus (19–22, 24, 25, 32–37). 14, 15, 23—Alaska; 16, 17, 26, 32—British Columbia; 18,
30—California; 19, 20, 24—Alberta; 21, 22, 27–29, 33, 34—Oregon; 25—holotype of H. hirsutus;
31—holotype of H. utahensis; 35—Utah; 36, 37—Colorado.
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Pronotum with evident, relatively broad lateral bead; sides of pronotum rounded and
convergent; epipleura slightly visible at anterior angles in lateral view; pronotum slightly
sinuate at its base so that posterolateral angles slightly but distinctly produced. Lateral
margin of elytron weakly to moderately ascending toward shoulder. Prosternum with
declivity of prosternal process distinct and prominence evident. Metacoxal lines parallel or
subparallel, in rare specimens slightly diverging; posterior margins of metacoxal processes
conjointly truncate to slightly angulate, in some specimens more sinuate than angulate
(Figs. 19–22).
Anterior surface of protibia with single puncture row which irregular basally—similar
to row in H. longiusculus but in most specimens not so extreme (Figs. 11–13).
Male: Protarsomeres 1–3 dilated, rather small, variable in shape (oval or rounded) and
size: Lprot3=0.14–0.19 mm, Lprot2=0.09–0.12 mm, protarsomere 3 the narrowest:
Wprot3=0.13–0.15 mm, Wprot2=0.14–0.18 mm, Wprot1=0.14–0.16 mm, Wprot3/
Lprot3=0.74–1.00 (Figs. 24, 25, 32–37); protarsus with claws distinctly unequal, the
anterior one evidently shorter (2/3) and thicker than the other, in some specimens less
unequal in length and often in thickness (Figs. 45–50). Median lobe of aedeagus straight to
curved in lateral view (Figs. 68, 71, 73, 75, 76, 78–86), in ventral view broadly pointed to
pointed (Figs. 69, 72, 74, 77). Paramere as in Fig. 70.
Female: Protarsomere not modified, narrow, sometimes broader than in H.
longiusculus (Fig. 56). Protarsal claws not modified, equal. Dorsal microreticulation same
as in male or slightly stronger, sometimes females more shiny than males.
Gonocoxosternum and gonocoxa as in Figs. 52, 54.
Variability
The species shows great variability in body shape, coloration, punctation,
microreticulation, shape of posterior margin of the metacoxal processes, shape of male
protarsomere 3, relative size of the protarsal claws, and shape of median lobe of the
aedeagus.
The shape of the body varies from broadly oval to elongate as well as from more
convex to flatter. Most of the studied specimens have oval body shape. Specimens from
Oregon display a body shape from broadly oval to rather narrow and elongate. Single
beetles from British Columbia have a slightly discontinuous body outline due to a
pronotum with rounded and protruded sides. Beetles from one population (27 km S Prairie
Id 31.V.89 lot 1 Carr) in Idaho have the body more convex and narrower or broader and
flatter.
The coloration of the dorsal surface of the body varies from not uniform, with darker
head and pronotum and paler elytra to uniformly black (or rarely reddish brown), with
reddish lateral margin of pronotum. These two colorations are characteristic for specimens
from all studied regions, except North Dakota where beetles are uniformly black, with
lateral margin of the pronotum not distinctly paler. Some specimens from Washington,
SHAVERDO48 © 2006 Magnolia Press
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ZOOTAXA Oregon, Idaho, and Utah have yellowish spots at the base of the elytra similar to H.
longiusculus (Fig. 8).
The punctation of the dorsal surface of the body varies from sparser (e.g. in specimens
from Manitoba) to denser (e.g. in specimens from Washington and Oregon). Also the
microreticulation is differently developed (independently male or female), even in
specimens from the same population (Oregon) so that the dorsal surface of the body can be
from shiny to rather dull. These two forms are characteristic for the specimens from all
studied regions. For example in males from Saskatchewan two examples are shiny, two
with microreticulation of elytra more strongly developed, and two rather dull, with
strongly developed microreticulation on the elytra and pronotum. Specimens with more
strongly developed microreticulation have been more often observed in southern
populations.
The shape of the posterior margin of the metacoxal processes varies in specimens from
all studied regions. For instance in beetles from Oregon it is truncate, in some specimens
concave on both sides so that it s slightly sinuate to slightly angulate, and in some very
slightly rounded (Figs. 19–22).
The male protarsomere 3 varies in size and shape. In most specimens from Manitoba,
Saskatchewan, and Alberta it is medium sized and square-rounded (Fig. 24). In beetles
from more southern populations it is more variable, from small to large and from square-
rounded to elongate (Figs. 25, 33–37). In British Columbia and Oregon specimens with
smaller protarsomere 3 are more frequently observed (Figs. 32, 34). In Oregon the
protarsomere 3 is larger and more rounded or smaller and narrower in specimens from the
same population (Figs. 33, 34). Also the shape of the protarsomere 3 is found often
variable in beetles from Colorado (Figs. 36, 37).
Distinctly unequal male protarsal claws are characteristic for most studied beetles
from different populations (Figs. 45–47, 49). However, beetles with less unequal claws
(anterior one is less short) have been observed in the populations from Manitoba, Alberta,
British Columbia, Wyoming, North Dakota, Idaho, Oregon, California (Fig. 48), and
especially from Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico. The specimens from Colorado have
the claws distinctly unequal to almost equal in the same population (Figs. 49, 50).
The median lobe of the aedeagus varies from almost straight in lateral view to
conspicuously curved, with the apex more or less pointed in ventral view. The straight
shape of the medial lobe is characteristic for most studied specimens. A slightly curved
shape of the medial lobe has been observed in specimens from Manitoba, Saskatchewan,
British Columbia, Colorado, Utah, Arizona (Figs. 75, 76, 78, 80, 85, 86), and especially
from Oregon. The most sinuate shape is characteristic for specimens from Corvallis
(Oregon) (Figs. 73, 83). Also in Oregon specimens variability of the shape of the medial
lobe from straight to distinctly sinuate is very well expressed (Figs. 81–83).
© 2006 Magnolia Press 49
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FIGURES 38–56. Male protarsal claws, anterior view (38–50), gonocoxosternum, ventral view
(51, 52), gonocoxa, ventral view (53, 54), and female protarsomere 3, dorsal view (55, 56) of
Hydroporus longiusculus (38–44, 51, 53, 55) and H. pervicinus (45–50, 52, 54, 56). 38, 51, 53,
55—Alaska; 39, 40, 46—Oregon; 41, 42, 47—California; 43—Utah; 44—holotype of H.
utahensis; 45—Manitoba; 48—holotype of H. hirsutus; 49, 50—Colorado; 52, 54, 56—Alberta.
SHAVERDO50 © 2006 Magnolia Press
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ZOOTAXA Remarks on the symonymy
Hydroporus hirsutus was described by Gordon (1981), who wrote that the new species
resembles H. pervicinus and can be separated from it by the piceous last segment of the
maxillary palpus, the much finer punctation of the metasternal plate, and nearly equal male
protarsal claws. Larson et al. (2000) found that the holotype does not agree well with
Gordon’s description (it is smaller and the median lobe of the aedeagus is not constricted
medially, which was obviously the same problem as with H. utahensis). They wrote that
H. hirsutus "has no distinctive characters other than the conspicuous pale pubescence and
somewhat obscure punctation of the metacoxal plane" as well as that the species is
extremely close to H. pervicinus with the median lobe and protarsomeres
indistinguishable, only the anterior protarsal claw of the male is slightly modified. My
comparison of the holotype of H. hirsutus with numerous specimens of H. pervicinus from
different localities showed that it is conspecific with H. pervicinus. The coloration of the
last segment of the maxillary palpus is not a reliable character since it varies in H.
pervicinus from reddish brown with infuscate apex to uniformly reddish brown, brown,
and black. Even the holotype of H. pervicinus has brownish black last segments of the
maxillary palpi. The punctation of the metasternum and metacoxae is a variable character,
too. I examined specimens of H. pervicinus from Manitoba and British Columbia that also
had a rather fine and obscure punctation on these sclerites. The anterior protarsal claw of
the male is really not so strongly modified as in "normal" H. pervicinus, but it is distinctly
shorter and more strongly curved than the posterior (Fig. 48). If the variability of this
character in H. pervicinus is taken into consideration, one cannot fully rely only on it for
distinguishing the species. Some studied specimens of H. pervicinus have the conspicuous
pale pubescence like in H. hirsutus. The body size and shape, coloration, and pubescence
of the holotypes of H. hirsutus and H. pervicinus are very similar (Figs. 6, 7).
Hydroporus similaris was described by Fall (1923) together with H. pervicinus. He
assumed that it resembled "most closely its near neighbor hirtellus". In my opinion, H.
similaris is conspecific with H. pervicinus, though it was never placed close to this species
by the previous authors (Larson et al. 2000). My examination of the holotype showed that
the species is similar to H. pervicinus in the body shape, slightly but distinctly protruding
posterior angels of the pronotum, slightly irregular anterior puncture row on the protibia
(Fig. 5), and unequal male protarsal claws. The last character was mentioned in the
original description: "the anterior claw in the male is barely or scarcely as long and slightly
thicker than its fellow", as well as by Gordon (1981: 117) "…but similaris males have the
anterior protarsal claw distinctly shorter than the posterior". The only character that might
indicate not being conspecific with H. pervicinus is the shape of the median lobe of the
aedeagus. It is slender and more curved in the apical part in lateral view (Fig. 73) and more
pointed in ventral view (Fig. 74). However, in my opinion, it is within the variability range
of this character. I have studied three males (one of them was identified by Leech as H.
pervicinus) from the same locality (Corvallis, Oregon) as the holotype. One of them is
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teneral and the other two have a similar shape of the median lobe as in the holotype (Fig.
83). Some specimens from other localities in Oregon and from Manitoba, Saskatchewan,
British Columbia, Colorado, and Arizona, also have a curved median lobe, though not so
distinct as in the specimens from Corvallis (Figs. 75, 76, 78, 80, 85, 86). What is more, the
median lobe of the holotype is a bit damaged laterally at the apex that probably makes the
curvature slightly stronger. In ventral view the shape of the median lobe is also variable
(Figs. 69, 72, 74, 77). In addition, eight specimens (five females and three males) from
Fraser Valley, British Columbia were studied. These specimens bear old locality labels
"Franz Val BC". I assume that the paratype of H. similaris is also with such a label. Four
females and two males were identified by Gordon as H. hirtellus, one female—as H.
despectus rusticus. The male without identification label surely belongs to H. pervicinus.
It has distinctly unequal protarsal claws and a slightly curved median lobe. All specimens
have an irregular puncture row on the anterior surface of the protibia and the characteristic
body shape of H. pervicinus with slightly protruding posterior angels of the pronotum.
Therefore, none of them belongs to H. despectus. I consider that the females belong rather
to H. pervicinus than to H. hirtellus since they are smaller, narrower, and slightly more
convex than the two males of H. hirtellus, of the same shape as the male of H. pervicinus.
Besides, the pronotum is darker than the elytra and the puncture row of the protibia is
slightly irregular, whereas the two males of H. hirtellus are uniformly coloured and with
the puncture row strongly irregular.
As a result of the facts mentioned above I believe that H. similaris should be
considered a synonym of H. pervicinus.
Ecology
According to Larson et al. (2000) the species occurs along margins of small, often
temporary, grassland ponds—one of the few grassland species, which in Alberta shows a
higher level of habitat association with Hygrotus species than with other species of
Hydroporus. In Manitoba I collected this species in a grassland pond strongly overgrown
with Typha and with much decaying vegetation. In Colorado H. pervicinus is recorded
from a pond at tree line, at altitude ca. 3300 m. In Arizona the species was collected in a
creek in the conifer forest, at altitude 2350 m. It is also known from streams, brooks,
rivers, pools, and alkaline lakes.
Distribution
CANADA: Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia. USA: Washington,
Montana, North Dakota, Minnesota: Bengal, Hibbing, St. Paul (Wallis 1973), Oregon,
Idaho, Wyoming, California, Nevada, Utah, Colorado, and Arizona (Fig. 87).
SHAVERDO52 © 2006 Magnolia Press
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FIGURES 57–72. Median lobe of aedeagus, lateral view (57, 60, 62–68, 71), ventral view (58, 61,
69, 72), and paramere, external view (59, 70) of Hydroporus longiusculus (57–67) and H.
pervicinus (68–72). 57–59—Alaska; 60, 61—holotype of H. utahensis; 62—holotype of H. fatigus;
63—holotype of H. californicus; 64—Nevada; 65—Utah; 66—Arizona; 67—New Mexico;
68–70—holotype of H. pervicinus; 71, 72—holotype of H. hirsutus.
© 2006 Magnolia Press 53
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FIGURES 73–86. Median lobe of aedeagus of Hydroporus pervicinus, lateral view (73, 75, 76,
78–86), ventral view (74, 77). 73, 74—holotype of H. similaris; 75–77—Manitoba; 78—
Saskatchewan; 79—Alberta; 80—British Columbia; 81–83—Oregon; 84—California; 85—
Arizona; 86—Colorado.
SHAVERDO54 © 2006 Magnolia Press
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FIGURES 87. Distribution of Hydroporus longiusculus and H. pervicinus.
Species erroneously included in the longiusculus-group
Hydroporus simplex Gordon
Hydroporus simplex Gordon, 1981: 114 (orig. descr.); Larson et al. 2000: 379 (descr.); Nilsson
2001: 159 (cat.).
Type material
Hydroporus simplex: Holotype:
%
"Pinecrest, Cal \ Tuolumne Co. \ 13–VII–1948 \
P.H. Arnaud", "Holotype \ Hydroporus simplex \ Robert Gordon" [red], "California
Academy \ of Sciences \ Type No. 9839" (CAS).
© 2006 Magnolia Press 55
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ZOOTAXA
Type locality: USA, California, Tuolumne County, Pinecrest.
In Larson et al. (2000) H. simplex was recognized as a member of the subpubescens-
group. According to the results of the present work, this group now includes only one
species, H. subpubescens. This species is very similar to representatives of the nigellus-
group, especially to H. tenebrosus; therefore, distinguishing of the subpubescens-group is
found unnecessary. The subpubescens-group is omitted, and H. subpubescens is
transferred to the nigellus-group. Nilsson (2001) placed H. simplex in the longiusculus-
group probably because of its slightly angulate metacoxal processes. As shown above, this
character is variable in the representatives of the group and alone cannot support placing
H. simplex in the longiusculus-group. Based on my examination of this species I think that
it is rather similar to species of the nigellus-group, especially more similar to H. despectus,
than to H. longiusculus and H. pervicinus. It shares with them a single puncture row on the
anterior surface of the protibia, the non-produced posterolateral angles of the pronotum,
and the median lobe of the aedeagus sinuate in lateral view. Therefore, it is suggested that
H. simplex be placed in the nigellus-group.
Acknowledgements
I am very grateful to all colleagues mentioned in the section "Material and methods", who
facilitated my work with the material. I thank H. Fery (Berlin, Germany) for his comments
on my manuscript and H. Schillhammer (Vienna, Austria) for his comments on the
manuscript and help with digital image processing. I wish to express my sincere thanks to
R.E. Roughley (Winnipeg, Canada) for his advice and comments on my work. I would like
to thank him and all my colleagues at the University of Manitoba for the help in
administrative and logistic matters during my work at the university. I also would like to
thank R. Gordon (Willow City, North Dakota) for his information on type material.
Financial support of the study was provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering
Research Council of Canada through a 2001 NATO Science Fellowship to the author and
an operating research grant (#A0428, to R.E. Roughley).
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