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Definition of the Frasnian/Famennian Stage boundary

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... r 40 km in a north - east^southwest trend across the southeastern por - tion of the Montagne Noire of southern France . Excellent outcrop exposure and stratigraphic con - trol have permitted the de¢nition of three GSSPs in the Montagne Noire : Givetian / Frasnian ( Mid - dle / Upper Devonian ) boundary ( Klapper et al . , 1987 ) , F / F boundary ( Klapper et al . , 1993 ) , and Famennian / Tournaisian ( Devonian^Carbonifer - ous ) boundary ( Paproth et al . , 1991 ) . The Upper Devonian succession consists , almost exclusively , of pelagic to hemipelagic facies deposited either on well oxygenated submarine rises or in small intervening basins during the period when the re - gion was part of the norther ...
... oped under reducing conditions ( Feist and Klap - per , 1985 ) . One basin section and two submarine - rise sec - tions provide the basis for the MSS of the F / F boundary in the Montagne Noire . The sections are well known from stratigraphic , palaeonto - logic , and geochemical studies and one section , UQ at Coumiac , contains the F / F GSSP ( Klapper et al . , 1993 ) . The remaining two sections , Causses - et - Veyran ( CVS ) and LSC , were contenders for the F / F GSSP ( Feist et al . , 1990 ) . One section , the lower quarry at Coumiac , was not used in this study because of irreconcilable problems with samples . Details of lithology and palaeontol - ogy can be found in one or more of the refer ...
Article
Full-text available
Magnetosusceptibility event and cyclostratigraphy (MSEC) is used to establish a non-polarity-based magnetostratigraphy susceptibility (MSS) between the stratotype region for the Frasnian/Famennian (F/F) boundary sequence in the Montagne Noire of southern France, the eastern Rheinisches Schiefergebirge of Germany, Belgium, the eastern Anti-Atlas of Morocco, and the Arbuckle Mountains of southern Oklahoma (USA). Despite differences of depositional environment, the MSS is remarkably consistent and can be described in the context of a hierarchy of magnetozones that allow the extension of correlation away from the Montagne Noire reference section. The nature of the controls on the influx of iron into the marine system produces a natural hierarchy of at least seven orders of magnetozones designated MSZ1, MSZ2, MSZ3, MSZ4, MSZ5, MSZ6, and MSZ7. These are characterized in terms of the magnitude of their duration. The MSS reference section of choice for the F/F boundary is the well-known Trench C at La Serre (LSC) in the northeastern Montagne Noire of southern France. The F/F boundary is located at the lower boundary of magnetozone La Serre IK3bat La Serre as well as in all other sections studied. MSZ4 andMSZ5 magnetozones are used to establish intra- and inter-regional correlation between the reference sequence and the other regions. The base of the Upper Kellwasser event is as variable within the MSS zonation as it is within the biostratigraphic zonation, as is the position of the Lower Kellwasser event.
... The first two sections are located in the Montagne Noire, France (Fig. 1). Coumiac Upper Quarry (CUQ) is the stratotype section for the Frasnian/Famennian boundary (Klapper et al., 1993). This section is composed of oxidized sediments deposited on an outershelf submarine rise (Feist, 1985; Feist and Klapper, 1985). ...
Article
We present the trends of absolute conodont abundance, relative genera abundance, and conodont morphometrics across the Late Devonian Kellwasser horizons at three northern Gondwanan epicontinental seaway locations.At three contrasting depositional settings, the Kellwasser events are characterized by a decrease in conodont abundance, high percentage of the conodont genus Icriodus and morphological change of the conodont genus Palmatolepis. These changes can be identified in sections where the events are expressed as interbedded anoxic and oxic deposits as well as in settings characterized by continuous anoxic sediment accumulation. Hence, these changes are interpreted as global and synchronous and can be thus used for event correlation.The paradox of these results is that despite quite similar isotopic signals, faunal change during the Lower Kellwasser event was less than during the Upper Kellwasser event. We interpret that this discrepancy is due to an unconformity (including topmost Frasnian to earliest Famennian) at several F/F sections which removed the record of peak paleoenvironmental change.
... They occur in dark marly mudstones of the La Serre Formation that characterises the oxygen deficient offshore basinal environment during Frasnian through early Famennian times in that area (Feist, 1985). This local facies development contrasts sharply with that of the contemporaneous , well oxygenated red calcilutites in the Montagne Noire nappe area where the stratotype of the Frasnian Famennian boundary is defined at Coumiac, some 30 km to the SE of Cabribres (Klapper et al., 1993). The La Serre Formation is best exposed in several artificial trenches on the southern slope of La Serre hill, at 2.5 km S of Cabribres, in the vicinity of La Roquette farm (Fig. 1). ...
Article
Chitinozoans and other palynomorphs have been investigated in Frasnian-Famennian boundary beds from trench C at La Serre (Montagne Noire, Southern France). This section is located some 30 km from the Coumiac quarry containing the Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Famennian. At La Serre, the Frasnian-Famennian (F-F) boundary falls within interbedded anoxic dark shales and limestones. This lithology proves to be more suitable for palynological investigations than the reddish nodular limestones of the F-F stratotype in the Coumiac section, which are virtually devoid of organic matter. At La Serre, the uppermost meter of Frasnian deposits, corresponding to the Upper Kellwasser Event level, contains only a few chitinozoans but other palynomorphs, especially tasmanaceans (Maranhites) proliferate in some horizons. Conversely, the most basal Famennian bed yields an exceptional number of chitinozoans (up to 19,000 specimens per gram of rock), a few tracheids, but virtually no tasmanaceans. The absence—or the extremely low numbers—of miospores and acritarchs in these F-F boundary beds seems related to the distal position of the deposition site.
... This bed is rich in conodonts (Table 1) and was previously regarded as in the upper part of the Montagne Noire Zone 13 owing to the presence of Pa. boogaardi (Klapper and Foster, 1993, Figs. 2, 14.7). The discovery of Pa. ...
Chapter
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The terminal zone of the Frasnian standard conodont zonation, the linguiformis Zone has been subdivided into alower part defined by the total range of Palmatolepis linguiformis and an upper part defined by the absence of the nominal species together with the rare occurrences of Pa. ultima (= Pa. praetriangularis) and Ancyrognathus (= Ancyroides) ubiquitus. This subdivision has proved to be effective in sections on different continental blocks. Furthermore, the two subdivisions correlate exactly with subdivisions formally recognized herein of Montagne Noire Zone 13 (13b and 13c). The lower boundary of the linguiformis Zone lies closely below the base of the Upper Kellwasser event bed, the top of which coincides with the end-Frasnian extinction. Nonetheless, prominent gaps in the geographic distribution of Pa. linguiformis have led to some difficulty in the identification of the zone. These gaps have been partially closed by discoveries of the species in areas where it was unknown until now, notably the central Moroccan Meseta and especially the Frasnian/Famennian boundary-stratotype section at Coumiac Upper Quarry in the Montagne Noire, southern France. Nevertheless, anomalous areas of absence, such as the Anti-Atlas Mts. of southern Morocco and western Canada still exist. The trilobite Palpebralia brecciae is widespread in Europe, North Africa, and Australia, providing evidence for correlation of the lower part of the linguiformis Zone in sections where the nominal conodont species has not been found. Analysis of variation in the relative abundance of the principal conodont genera leads to the conclusion that no substantial difference exists in the conodont associations among representative sections in four of the continental blocks.
... The Frasnian stage is approximately 300 m thick in the study area (Sageman et al., 2003). In addition to the extinction of all Ancyrodella and Ozarkodina conodonts and the loss of most species of Palmatolepis, Polygnathus and Ancyrognathus, the base of the Famennian is defined as the first occurrence of Palmatolepsis triangularis (Klapper et al., 1993). Sample WVC754 is located ∼ 6.4 m above the F–F boundary, in the Middle triangularis conodont biozone of the Dunkirk Formation (Over, 1997). ...
Article
Full-text available
In order to study biostratigraphy and chemical stratigraphy during the Lower Kellwasser event, high resolution conodonts research and chemostratigraphic framework were carried out. The data reveals that the inorganic and organic carbon isotope have a significant positive excursion at the bottom of the Laye section. It is considered that the sample LY-8 is consistent with the Lower Kellwasser boundary. The main reason for the change of carbon isotope in this area is the increase of organic carbon burial, which is caused by the increase of marine primary productivity and anoxia environment possibly.
Article
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The northern margin of the Canning Basin exposes probably the best-preserved Palaeozoic reef complex anywhere. Twenty one regional Frasnian goniatite zones have been recognised and nineteen Lower to Middle Famennian zones and subzones. These form the basis for reconstruction of local sea-level curves and for international correlation to elucidate global eustatic effects. Frasnian transgressive intervals result in a slopeward spreading of basinal shales, the occurrence of condensed cephalopod limestones, and reef backstepping. Five hypoxic phases indicate high sea level stand of which one may represent the Genundewa Event interval. Well-oxygenated limestones with Timanites correspond to a short-lived transgressive pulse on the Russian Platform and in NW Canada which is named here the Timan Event.The global mid-Frasnian eustatic rise led to a loss of anoxic facies. Transgressive peaks are marked by limestones rich in beloceratids and large-sized gephuroceratids intercaled in reef debris facies. The well-known hypoxic Kellwasserkalk facies does not occur but the mass extinction level is clear and associated with a regression. Famennian sea-level rises led to sediment starvation, the formation of cyanobacterial reefs or to the deposition of goniatite limestones. Much of the lower Nehdenian, globally a highstand period, is strongly condensed. During shallowing episodes corresponding to the international Condroz Event, thick wedges of reef detritus were shed downslope. The basal upper Nehdenian shows a significant sea-level rise and there is a subsequent regressive trend which is shown in the diachronous Bugle Gap Formation and in the Piker Hills Formation. The global hypoxic Annulata Event is represented and reverses the shallowing trend for a brief interval. Upper Famennian shallowing and siliciclastic input terminated reef growth in the area.
Article
Abundance and generic diversity tendencies of conodont communities have been studied across the Upper Kellwasser and the Hangenberg events, which correspond respectively to the Frasnian/Famennian and the Devonian/Carboniferous boundaries, in the Montagne Noire, stratotypic area of these two boundaries. Conodont communities evolution shows that these two events can be characterized by a succession of rapid eustatic variations, transgressive before and after the event and regressive during the event. However, detailed studies indicate that, on the one hand, the depth variations modify the communities composition, and on the other hand, induce mass extinctions known for these two boundaries. Each bathymetric change is characterized by a decrease of conodont number, but it seems that it is the transgressive-regressive couplet which is the cause of an abundance decrease without diversity modification, whereas regressive-transgressive couplet would provoke mass extinctions.
Article
The Middle and Upper Devonian red ≪ griottes ≫ limestones of the Montagne Noire (South of France) are deposited on a distal hemipelagic outer ramp, well below the storm wave base and the photic zone, by more than about a hundred meters of water, in poorly oxygenated environments. The red coloration of the micritic matrix is probably related to bacterial activity, and more specifically to iron-bacteria linked to the Siderocapsaceae. These bacterial communities formed benthic microtufts and mats which trapped the ferrous iron. The destruction of these mineralogical-microbial communities allowed dispersion of the submicronic hematite in the micritic matrices. In other European Paleozoic red carbonate matrices (≪ griottes ≫), the red pigmentation is also related to iron-bacteria similar to the Recent Beggiatoales and Siderocapsaceae.
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