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Comment on “Electronically tunable floating inductance simulator”
This chapter discusses basic functional circuits realizable using CCI and CCII of the normal kind. This includes constant bandwidth variable gain voltage amplifiers, current-mode op-amp, integrators, differentiators, instrumentation amplifiers, summers, impedance converters/inverters, simulated inductors and FDNRs (in both grounded and floating forms) and a generalized function generator.
Chosen from a vast amount of literature in the area of impedance simulation using CCs, a number of novel synthetic impedance circuits have been described using the new variants of CCs (such as DOCCII, DVCC, CCIII, DXCCII, MICCII, DDCC and FDCCII etc.) for realizing both grounded and floating forms of inductors and other related elements, which possess a number of interesting features.
A novel circuit for the realization of the mutually coupled circuit using three current-controlled current backward transconductance
amplifiers (CC-CBTAs) as active components is proposed. The active mutually coupled circuit structures are also called the
synthetic transformers. The circuit is derived by using three floating simulated inductors that are connected as the T-type
transformer model. The circuit has the following attractive advantages: (i) The values of a primary self-inductance, a secondary
self-inductance and a mutual inductance can be independently tuned by the transconductance gain of the CC-CBTAs; (ii) The
circuit uses three grounded capacitors that are suitable from the point of integrated circuit implementation; (iii) It uses
only three active components; (iv) It has a good sensitivity performance with respect to the tracking errors; (v) Both positive
and negative couplings are achieved and the coupling coefficient is not limited by 1 in magnitude; (vi) Symmetrical coupling
is achieved without necessitating any matching condition; (vii) The proposed circuit has a floating structure.
This paper presents a novel method of designing active inductors using current-controlled voltage sources (CCVSs). The basic idea consists of designing an equivalent inductor, using only capacitors and CCVSs. The signal-flow graph technique is used for this purpose. The CCVSs are emulated by means of nullator/norator pairs. These elements are then realized using second generation current conveyors (CCIIs), and a combination of CCIIs and operational transconductance amplifiers. In addition, a novel design of simulated inductors using operational transresistance amplifiers is presented. The proposed inductors were used to design filters. SPICE simulations are given to highlight viability and to show good reached results.
In this letter, a new floating inductance simulator circuit is presented. The proposed structure consists of only one grounded capacitor without any external resistors and two different active elements. The active elements are dual-output current-controlled current conveyor (DO-CCCII) and operational transconductance amplifier (OTA). The proposed inductance simulator can be tuned electronically by changing the biasing current of the DO-CCCIIs or by changing the current of the OTA. Moreover, the circuit does not require any conditions of component matching. It has a good sensitivity performance with respect to tracking errors. As an application, the proposed inductance simulator is used to construct a fourth-order resistively terminated LC band-pass filter. The theoretical analysis is verified by the SPICE simulation results.
A novel current controllable floating or grounded inductor simulator circuit with minimum elements is proposed. The circuit uses two dual output- second generation current controlled conveyors (DO-CCCIIs) with parasitic resistance at terminal X and one grounded capacitor externally connected. Proposed circuit is suitable for fully integrated circuit design. Analysis and simulation results are included.
This paper reviews 2 circuits which are floating positive and negative inductance simulators using operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs). The simulated inductance values can be controlled electronically by adjusting the bias current of the OTA. Each inductance simulator comprises only 2 OTAs and 1 grounded capacitor without any external resistor and component matching requirements. The circuit performances are depicted through PSPICE simulations, they show good agreement to theoretical anticipation. Some applications as resonant circuit and inductance cancellation circuit are included to confirm the usability of proposed circuits
When the mixed translinear loop is used in a voltage follower
implementation the value of its output resistance depends on its bias
current. This property is used in the realization of a current
controlled conveyor (CCCII), which has therefore its serial resistance
on port X controlled by the bias current. The two basic implementations,
that allow from a CCCII and without additive resistances to realize
controlled voltage-current converters, are described. A
current-controlled voltage-amplifier and a current-controlled
current-amplifier are then analyzed. They are implemented from only two
CCCIIs and do not require any passive component. The principal
implementations for current controlled first-order transfer functions,
operating either in voltage-mode or in current-mode, are introduced.
They require one or two of the preceding controlled conveyors and use
capacitors only. SPICE simulation results, obtained using the parameters
of the HF3CMOS process from SGS THOMSON, are given for the CCCII and for
its main applications. They confirm the validity of the theoretical
analyzes and also underline the high frequency potential of the current
controlled implementations introduced. A second-order bandpass filter,
operating in voltage-mode, is also described. It is obtained from CCCIIs
and two capacitors only. Its centre frequency, which is adjustable by
acting on the control currents of the conveyors, is equal to 11.3 MHz
for I<sub>0</sub>=20 μA and to 16.6 MHz for I<sub>0</sub>=30 μA.
This variation produces very small changes in both the quality factor
and the gain (variations less than 7%). Comparisons between existing OTA
circuits and the ones implemented from controlled conveyors, are also
given. They underline the advantage which result from implementations
using controlled conveyors