Inabaperca taniurai, a new genus and species of Miocene percoid fish from Tottori Prefecture, Japan

Abstract

A percoid fish, Inahaperca taniurai gen. et sp. nov. is proposed on the basis of three specimens from the Middle Miocene hvami Formation, Tottori Prefec ture. Japan. The new genus is assigned to the family Sinipercldae, and distinguished from other genera by the presence of a distinct notch between the crest and anterior portion of the supraoccipilal bone, a strong posteriorly extended opereular spine with dorsal lobe, and an emarginare caudal fin. This species has 12 abdominal and 15 caudal vertebrae. 136 to 150 minute scales in a longitudinal row. These fossils were found with marine life known to inhabit a shallow marine environment. AU other species of the Sinipercidae live or lived in freshwater.

Full text

Bull.
Natn.
Sci.
Mus.,
Tokyo.
Sen
C,
26(3,4).
pp.
93-106,
December
22,2000
Inahaperca
taniurai,
a
New
Genus
and
Species
of
Miocene
Percoid
Fish
from
Tottori
Prefecture,
Japan
Yoshitaka
Yabumoto1
and
Teruya Uyeno2
'Kitakyushu
Museum
and
Institute
ofNatural
History.
3-6-1
Nishihonmachi,
Yahatahigashi-ku,
Kitakyushu,
Fukuoka,
805-0061
Japan
^Department
of
Geology
and
Paleontology,
National
Science
Museum.
3-23-1
Hyakunin-cho,
Shinjuku-ku,
Tokyo,
169-0073
Japan
Abstract
A
percoid
fish,
Inahaperca
taniurai
gen.
et
sp.
nov.
is
proposed
on
the
basis
of
three
specimens
from
the
Middle
Miocene
hvami
Formation,
Tottori
Prefec
ture.
Japan.
The
new
genus
is
assigned
to
the
family
Sinipercldae,
and
distinguished
from
other
genera by
the
presence
of
a
distinct
notch
between
the
crest
and
anterior
portion
of
the
supraoccipilal
bone,
a
strong
posteriorly
extended
opereular
spine
with
dorsal
lobe,
and
an
emarginare
caudal
fin.
This
species
has
12
abdominal
and
15
caudal
vertebrae.
136
to
150
minute
scales
in
a
longitudinal
row.
These
fossils
were
found
with
marine
life
known
to
inhabit
a
shallow
marine
environment.
AU
other species
of
the
Sinipercidae
live
or
lived
in
freshwater.
Key
words:
Middle
Miocene,
percoid
fish,
family
Sinipercidae.
Order
Perci-
formes,
Tottori
Prefecture
Introduction
The
Iwami
Formation
of
the
Tottori
Group
(Uemura
et
aL,
1979;
Malsumolo,
1991)
at
Miyanoshita,
Kokufu-cho,
Tottori
Prefecture,
Japan
has
yielded
numerous
fossil
specimens
(Uyeno
&
Suda,
1991;
Sakamoto
&
Uyeno,
1993;
Yabumoto
&
Uyeno.
1994;
Salo
&
Uyeno,
1999;
Uyeno
&
Sakamoto,
1999).
As
the
sixth
account
in
a
series
describing
the
fossil
fishes
from
this
locality,
we
describe
a
new
genus
and
species
of
the
percoid
fish
family
Sinipercidae.
In
the
process
of
describing
this
new
genus
and
species,
extant
and
fossil
members
of
the
genera
Siniperca
and
Coreoper-
ca,
family Sinipercidae
were
compared
and
listed
in
Table
1.
Institutional
abbreviations:
IOZ
(CAS)
(Institute
of
Zoology,
Chinese
Academy
of
Sciences);
IVPP
(Institute
of
Vertebrate
Paleontology
and
Paleoanthropology,
Chi
nese
Academy
of
Sciences);
KMNH
(Kitakyushu
Museum
and
Institute
ofNatural
History):
TRPM
(Tottori
Prefectural
Museum).

94
Yoshitakfl
Yabumoto
and
Teruva
Uveno
Table
I.
Lisl
of
specimens
compared.
Species
Extani
species
Stniperca
undulata
S.
kneri
S.
scherzeri
S.
obscure/
S.
chuatsi
Coreoperca
herzi
C.
whiteheadi
C.
kawamebati
Fossil
species
S.
wwciangensis
C.
shandongensis
Catalogue
number
(no.
of
specimens)
[OZ
(CAS)
62536(1)
IOZ
(CAS)
61
180(1)
[OZ
(CAS)
63863
(1)
KMNH
VR
000,102-000,107
(6)
IOZ (CAS)
65174(1)
KMNH
VR
000,100(1)
KMNH
VR
000,101
(1)
Skeletal
specimen
in
[VPP(I)
Skeletal
specimen
in
1VPP
(1)
KMNK
VR
000,102-000,109
(8)
KMNH
VR
000,1
17(1)
KMNH
VR
000,110
-
0001
16
(7)
I
VPP
V2457.
Holoiypc(l)
IVPi>
V
11523.
I,Holotype(l)
ivppv
11523.2-
l8,Paratypes(17)
Standard
length
{in
mm)
93.3
161.0
80.1
114.1-223.0
102.6
214.9
265.0
273
256
58,1-100.0
79.2
39.4-76-1
—
104.4
—
Locality
Guangxi
in
China
Guangxi
in
China
Guangxi
in
China
Mnju
in
Korea
Guizhou
in
China
Beijing
in
China
Beijing
in
China
Tianjin
near
Beijing
Wuhan
in
China
Muju
in
Korea
Guangxi
in
China
Katakyushn
in
Jap;m
Shanxi
in
China
Shanwang
in
China
Shanwang
in
China
Systematic
Paleontology
Class
Ostciehthyes
Huxley,
1880
Order
Percifonncs
Blccker,
1859
Family
Sinipercidae
Roberts,
1993
Genus
Inabaperca
nov.
Diagnosis:
This
genus
differs
from
other
members
of
the
family
Sinipercidae
in
having
a
distinct
notch
between
the
crest
and
anterior
portion
of
the
supraoccipital
bone,
a
strong
opercuiar
spine
which
is
posteriorly
extended
with
dorsal
lobe,
and
an
cmarginate
caudal
(in.
Type
species:
Inabaperca
fatiiurai
sp.
nov.
Etymology:
The
generic
name
is
derived
from
Inaba,
which
is
an
ancient
name
of
the
eastern
part
of
Tottori
Prefecture,
and
perca
referring
to
perch.
Inabaperca
taniurai
sp.
nov.
(New
Japanese
name:
Inabakelsugyo)
Pis.
1-7
Holotype:
Holotype.
TRPM
664-0185
(Pis.
1.
2)
is
an
almost
complete
speci
men,
but
the
posterior
part
of
the
caudal
fin
and
the
lower
part
of
the
shoulder
girdle
are
missing.
The
counterpart
is
not
preserved.
Standard
length
is
65.6
mm.

tnabaperca
taniumi
gen.
et sp.
nov.
from
Tottori
95
Paratypes:
TRPM
664-061
is
an
almost
complete
specimen
(Pis.
3,
4)
collected
by
Iwao
Yamana.
The
anterior
half
of
the
body
is
better
preserved
in
the
counterpart.
Standard
length
is
53.3
mm.
KMNH
VP
100,
245.
(PI.
5).
Bones
of
the
head
and
an
terior
part
are
disarticulated
and
scattered.
The
skeleton
of
the
posterior
portion
be
ginning
with
the
fourth
abdominal
vertebra
is
articulated
and
complete.
This
speci
men
was
collected
and
donated
by
Toshitem
Maruo.
Etymology:
The
specific
name
honors
Mr.
Minoru
Taniura,
who
provided
with
the
holotype.
Horizon;
All
specimens
were
discovered
from
rock
belonging
to
the
Middle
Miocene
Iwami
Formation
of
the
Tottori
Group
at
Miyanoshita,
Kokufu-cho,
Tottori
Prefecture,
Japan.
The
locality
is
discussed
in
Uyeno
etal
(1999).
Diagnosis:
As
for
the
genus,
monotypic
species.
Description
of
the
holotype:
Body
depth
is
moderate,
and
the
head
large
(PI.
1).
Standard
length
is
about
3
times
body
depth
and
about
2.7
times
head
length,
The
dorsal
and
ventral
profiles
of
body
are
moderately
convex.
Except
for
the
absence of
the
posterior
part
of
the
supraoccipital
crest,
the
neuroeranium
is
well
preserved.
Length
of
the
cranium
is
about
3.3
times
the
depth
at
the
posterior
margin
of
the
orbit.
Length
of
the
ethmoid
region
is
about
half
of
the
otic
and
occipital
regions.
Eye
is
large
and
occupies
the
orbital
cavity.
The
anterior
margin
of
the
meseth-
moid
is
steep.
There
is
a
notch
between
the
frontal
and
mesethmoid.
The
anterior
end
of
the
prevomer
is
pointed
antero-ventrally.
The
prevomer
has small
conical
teeth.
There
are
no
teeth
on
the
parasphenoid.
The
frontal
is
long.
The
neurocranial
lateral
line
on
the
frontal
is
branched
above
the
posterior
margin
of
the
orbit.
The
supraoccipital
crest
is
well
developed.
There
is
a
notch
between
the
crest
and
anterior
portion
of
the
supraoccipital.
The
crest
has
lateral
ridges
along
the
dorsal
margin.
The
premaxilla
has
small
conical
teeth,
a
long
ascending
process,
and
a
large
articulating
process
for
the
maxilla.
The
ascending
process
is
longer
than
the articu
lating
process.
The
anterior
end
of
the
maxilla
has
two
condyles
and
the posterior
part
is
thin
and
broad.
The
dentary
is
long,
with
conical
teeth
on
the
oral
margin,
ex
tending
below
the
anterior
margin
of
the
orbit.
The
preopercle
has
four
spines,
two
at
the
postero-ventral
corner,
the
others
at
the
lower
margin.
Seven
branchiostegal
rays
are
preserved
along
the
anterior
margin
of
the
shoulder
girdle.
The
insertion
of
the
pelvic
fin
is
high.
The
lower
postcleithrum
extends
postero-ventrally.
The
pelvic
girdle
is
oblique
and
inserts
in
the
shoulder
gir
dle.
The
ten
ribs
are
short
and
curved,
extending
to
midway
between
the
abdominal
vertebrae
and
the ventral
margin
of
the
abdomen.
The
total
number
of
vertebrae
is
27.
12
abdominal
and
15
caudal.
Each
centrum
is
longer than
its
depth.
The
first
to
seventh
anterior
neural
spines
are
broad.
Of
the
three
supraneurals.
the
last
one
and
the
first
proximal
pterygiophore
of
the
dorsal
fin
are
inserted
between
the
second
and
third
neural
spines.
The
second
and
third
proxi
mal
pterygiophores
are
inserted
between
the
third
and
fourth neural
spines.

96
Yoshitaka
Yabumoto
and Teruya
Uycno
The
dorsal
fin
consists
of
11
spines
and
11
soft
rays,
the
origin
being
above
the
anterior
end of
the
fifth
abdominal
vertebra.
The
first
and second
dorsal
spines
are
short,
the
fourth
and
fifth
longest.
The
dorsal
fin
base
is
long
with
the
base
of
the
spines
being
longer
(1.7
times)
than
that
ofthe
soft
rays.
The
origin
ofthe
soft
rays
is
slightly
forward
ofthe
origin
ofthe
anal
fin.
The
number
of
distal
pterygiophores
is
21.
The
proximal
pterygiophores
ofthe
dorsal
fin
have
bony
plates
developed
anteri
orly
and
posteriorly
from
the
lateral
wings.
The
anal
fin
has
3
spines
and
8
soft
rays.
The
first
spine
is
short
and
about
half
the
length
ofthe
second.
The
third
spine
is
slightly
shorter
than
the
second.
The
ante
rior soft
rays
of
the
anal
fin
are
longer
than
the
spines.
There
are
11
proximal
ptery
giophores
of
the
anal
fin,
the
first
being
long
and
extending
to
near
the
caudal
verte
bra.
Ofthe
five
hypurals,
the
second
is
slender
with a
space
between
it
and
the
third,
and
the
fifth
hypural
is
short.
The
urostyle
and
the
first
uroneural
appear
to
be
fused.
The
second
uroneural
is
slender.
There
are
three
short
epurals,
the
length
being about
half
that
ofthe
neural
spine
ofthe
third
preural
centra.
The
neural
arch
and
spine
of
the
second
preural
centra
is
not
complete.
The number
of
branched
caudal
fin
is
15,
with
7
in
the
lower
lobe
and
8
in
the
upper
lobe.
Scales
on
head
and
body
are
small
and
cycloid
having
several
v-shaped
ridges
on
the
exposed
portion.
The
estimated
number
of
scales
in
a
longitudinal
row
ranges
from
136
to
150.
The
basal
parts
ofthe
caudal,
dorsal
and
anal
fins
arc
covered
by
scales.
Description
of
the
paratypes:
Proportions
of
body
(TRPM
664-061)
are
similar
with
those
ofthe
holotype.
The
supraoccipital
crest
is
well
preserved
and
the
posteri
or
end
is
slightly
apart
from
the
first
supraneural.
The
posterior
margin
ofthe
crest
is
slightly
inclined.
The
anterior
end
ofthe
maxilla
is
well
preserved,
the dorsal
margin
thickened.
The
neuroeranial
condyle
and
the
premaxillary
wing
for
the
maxilla
are
large,
the
latter
being
larger.
The
quadrate
is
thick.
The
symplectic
is
stout
and
long
(PI.
4).
The
pelvic
girdle
well
inserts
between
the
ventral
end
of
the
pectoral
fin
inser
tion
and
the
ventral
end
ofthe
shoulder
girdle.
The
estimated
number
of
scales
in
a
longitudinal
row
ranges
from
136
to
148.
The
basal
parts
ofthe
caudal,
dorsal
and
anal
fins
are
covered
by
scales.
The
caudal
fin
is
emarginate.
The
meristics
ofthe
dorsal
and
anal
fins
and
the
abdominal
vertebrae
(KMNH
VP
100,
245)
are the
same
as
the
holotype.
The
opercle
has
a
strong
spine
extending
backward
and
a
wing
above
the
process.
The
anguloarticular
is
long
and
low.
The
urohyal
is
deep.
Remarks
and
Discussion
The
combination
of
the
following
characters
indicates
that
this
new
genus
/ha-
baperca
is
a
member
ofthe
family
Sinipercidae
(the
family
diagnosis
is
compiled
in
this
paper):
1)
27
vertebrae
consisting
of
12
abdominal and
15
caudal
vertebrae,
2)

Inabaperca
tcmiural
gen.
et sp.
nov.
from
Tottori
97
11
dorsal
fin
spines
and
11
soft
rays,
3)
3
anal
fin
spines
and
8
soft
rays,
4)
2
spines
on
the
opercle,
5)
4
spines
on
the
preopercle,
6)
136-150
minute
cycloid
scales
in
a
longitudinal
row,
7)
the
dorsal,
anal,
and
caudal
fin
bases
covered
with
scales.
Two
genera,
Siniperca
and
Coreoperca,
both
fossil
and
extant
have been
known
in
the
family
from
eastern
Asia.
Inabaperca
differs
from
Coreoperca
in
having
spines
on
the
preopercle,
minute
scales
on
body
and
longer
dorsal
spines,
without
serrated
pos
terior
and
ventral
margins
of
the
preopercle,
and
more numerous
(more
than
130)
lat
eral
line
scales.
Inabaperca
is
closer
to
the
genus
Siniperca
than
to
Coreoperca
by
having
the
following
characters:
four
preopercular
spines,
a
strong
opercular
spine,
minute
scales
on
body,
and
long
dorsal
fin
spines.
The
scales
are
morphologically
similar
lo
those
of
the
Siniperca
having
several
arc-like
ridges
on
the
exposed
portion.
Inabaperca,
however,
is
distinguished
from
Siniperca
in
having
an
emarginate
caudal
fin
and
a
supraoccipital
notch
(round
caudal
fin,
and no
supra
occipital
notch
in
the
latter).
To
date,
the
following
fossil
sinipercids
have
been
reported
from
Japan
and
China:
Coreoperca
fushimiensis
Ohe
and
Ono,
1975
(Miocene
Nakamura
Formation
in
Kani
City.
Gifu
Pref.,
Japan);
C.
kaniensis
Ohe
and
Hayata,
1984 (Miocene
Hira-
maki
Formation
in
Kani
City,
Gifu
Pref.,
Japan);
C.
shandongensis
Chen,
Liu
and
Yan,
1999
(Shanwang
Formation
of
the
late
Early
Miocene
in
Linqu
County,
Shan
dong
Prov,
China);
and
Siniperca
wusiangensis
Liu
and
Su,
1962
(Pliocene
sediments
in
Yushe,
Shansi
Prov.,
China),
Fossil
species
of
the
both
Siniperca
and
Coreoperca
have
also
been
found
in
Miocene
beds
in
Iki
Island
Nagasaki
Pref.,
Japan,
showing
that
the
two
genera
already
occurred
during
Middle
Miocene.
All
members,
fossil
and
extant,
of
the
other
two
genera
are
known
solely
from
freshwater.
On
the
other
hand
inabaperca
taniurai
was
found
in
the
Fuganji
Mudstone
Member
of
the
lwami
Formation,
a
marine
deposit
yielding
many
fossils
of
marine
organisms
including
fish.
Inabaperca
is
thus
the
first
sinipercid
species
from
a
marine
environment.
The
genera
Siniperca
and
Coreoperca were
considered
to
be
members
of
the
family
Percichthyidae,
placed
in
centropomid
lineage
(Johnson,
1984;
Nelson,
1994).
Roberts
(1993)
placed
these
genera
in
the
family
Sinipercidae
on
the
basis
of
scale
morphology.
We
support
Roberts
(1993),
because
not
only
do
they
have
cycloid
scales,
but
also
a
restricted
geographical
distribution
and
an
origin
now
believed
to
be
the
shallow
sea
of
eastern
Asia.
Acknowledgments
The
authors
wish
to
express
their
sincere
gratitude
to
Mr.
Minoru
Taniura
and
Mr.
Toshiteru
Maruo
for
donating
specimens
to
the
Tottori
Prefeetural
Museum
and
the
Kitakyushu
Museum
and
Institute
of
Natural
History.
Professor
Mee-mann
Chang
and
Dr.
Pingfu
Chen
of
Institute
of
Vertebrate
Paleontology
and
Paleoanthropology
and
Mr.
Chun-guang
Chang
of
Institute
of
Zoology,
Chinese
Academy
of
Sciences
helped
us
to
examine
the
fossil
and
extant
specimens
of
sinipercids
in
their
care.
Pro-

98
Yoshitaka
Yabumoto
and Teruya
Uyeno
fessor
Ik-Soo
Kim
of
Chonbuk
National
University
and
Mr.
Chun-guang
Chang
helped
us
to
collect
extant
specimens
used
in
this
study.
Mr.
Neal
M
Teiiler
of
Tokyo
University
of
Fisheries
kindly
edited
this
manuscript.
Examination
of
the
specimens
by
the
first
author
in
China
was
supported
by
Fujiwara
Natural
History
Foundation.
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Inabaperca
tanhtrat gen.
el
sp.
nov.
from
Tottori
99
Explanations
of
Plates
Abbreviations:
BRA.
brancbiostegals;
CIIY.
ccratoliyals;
CLE,
dcilhrum;
DEN,
dentary;
ECP,
ec-
topterygoid;
ENP,
endopterygoid;
HYO,
hyomandibular;
MAX,
maxilla;
MET,
metapterygoid;
OPE,
op-
ercle;
PARA,
parasphenoid;
PREM,
premaxilla;
PREO,
preopercle;
PT,
poattemporal;
QUA,
quadrate;
SUPM,
sQpramaxilla;
SUPO,
supraoocipital;
SYM.
eymplectic.
Plate
1.
Holotype
(TRPM664-0185)
of
Inabaperca
taniurai
gen.
el
sp.
nov.
Plate
2.
Head
region
of
[lie
holotypc
(TRPM664-0185)
of
Inabaperca
taniurai gen.
et
sp.
nov.
Plate
3.
Paratype
(TRPM664-061)
of
Inabaperca
taniurai
gen.
at sp.
nov.
Plate
4.
Head
region
of
the
paratype
(TRFM664-Q6I)
of
Inabaperca
taniurai
gen.
cl
sp.
nov.
Plate
5.
Paratype
(KMNH
VP100.
245)
of
Inabaperca
taniurai
gen.
et sp.
nov.
and
detail
showing
squamiition
including
ridges
of
the
liolotypc
(TRPM664-0185).
Plate
6.
Opereles
of
Inabaperca
taniurai
gen.
et
sp.
nov.
(lop
row)
and
four
percoid
fishes.
Plate
7.
Scales
on
body
of
Inabaperca
taniurai
gen.
ct
sp.
nov.
(top)
and
Siniperca
scherzeri.

100
Plate
1
Yoshitaka
Yabiimoto
and
Teroya
Uyeno
^yf-^X
■■■
.■..,
,.-
■

hmbaperca
taniurai
gen.
et
sp.
nov.
from
Tottori
101
Plate
2
DEN
BRA
5
mm

102
Yoshitaka
Yabiimoto
and
Tcrnya
Uyeno
Plate
3

Inabaperca
taniurai gen.
et
sp,
nov.
from
Tottori
103
Plait'
4
PREM
PREO
5mm

104
Plate
5
Yoshitaka
Yabunioto
and
Teniva
Uvcno

Inabaperca
ianiurai gen.
ci
sp,
nov.
from
Tottori
Siniperca
scherzeri
(extant)
105
rtic
6
y
i
Zmm
inabaperca
taniurai
Coreoperca
kawamebah
(extant)
Stereotepis
gigas
(extant)
Lateolabrax
japonicus
(extant)

106
Plate
7
Yoshilaka
Yaliumoto
and
Teruya
Uyeno