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Environment, ecology, landscape and subsistence
Mahew Jones, Morteza Djamali, Lora Stevens,
Vanessa Heyvaert, Hajar Askari, Dariush Noorollahi
and Lloyd Weeks
Introduction
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M. Jones, M. Djamali, L. Stevens,V. Heyvaert, H. Askari, D. Noorollahi and L. Weeks
Climate and environment in Iran today
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Figure 2.1. Long-term Holocene climate shifts driven by changes in insolation (A, summer insolation at 30°N; Berger and
Loutre 1991). Records shown are from Eski Acigol, Turkey (B; Roberts 2001), Zeribar, Iran (C; Stevens 2006) and
Qunf Cave, Oman (D; Fleitmann 2003). The fourth millennium BC is highlighted.
2. Mid-Holocene environmental and climatic change in Iran
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Artemisia
Evidence of Holocene climate and
environmental change from Iran
Lake records
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M. Jones, M. Djamali, L. Stevens,V. Heyvaert, H. Askari, D. Noorollahi and L. Weeks
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Geomorphology and tectonics
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Figure 2.2. Detailed proxy records during the fourth millennium BC in Iran. A and B show the percentage of oak pollen at
Mirabad and Zeribar respectively (Van Zeist and Boema 1977). C and D show the δ18O records from the same records (Stevens
2006). The fourth millennium BC is highlighted; there is a clear drop in oak around 5.2 kyr BP, associated with desiccation
at the site and the most positive oxygen isotope values, which may mark the regional 5.2 kyr BP drought.
2. Mid-Holocene environmental and climatic change in Iran
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Sea-level change
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Evidence of change from the wider
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M. Jones, M. Djamali, L. Stevens,V. Heyvaert, H. Askari, D. Noorollahi and L. Weeks
Figure 2.3. Maps of terrestrial “wetness“ during the mid-Holocene in Iran and surrounding regions. Sites used are listed in Table 1.
2. Mid-Holocene environmental and climatic change in Iran
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Summary
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Akkadica
Quaternary Research
Site Proxy Denition of “wet” Reference
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Table 2.1. Sites and proxies used in the development of “wetness” maps (Fig. 3).
M. Jones, M. Djamali, L. Stevens,V. Heyvaert, H. Askari, D. Noorollahi and L. Weeks
Palaeogeography,
Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
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M. Jones, M. Djamali, L. Stevens,V. Heyvaert, H. Askari, D. Noorollahi and L. Weeks
Quaternary Research
Holocene
Geobotanical foundations of the Middle East
