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A New Microbothriid (Monogenean) Causing Skin Lesions on the Pacific Blacktip Reef Shark, Carcharhinus melanopterus (Quoy and Gaimard)
... The 5 nominal species of Dermophthirius (Microbothriidae) infect the skin of carcharhinids (Carcharhinidae). Although limited observations of Dermophthirius penneri suggest that these microbothriids are probably not regular pathogens of freeranging hosts (Bullard et al., 2000), several congeners have been implicated in the deaths of captive sharks (Cheung et al., 1982(Cheung et al., , 1988Cheung and Ruggieri, 1983). Herein, on the basis of new collections, we extend the known geographic range of 2 species of Dermophthirius. ...
... Distribution: Captivity, originally collected from eastern Indian Ocean off Christmas Island (Cheung et al., 1988). ...
We report Dermophthirius carcharhini (Monogenea: Microbothriidae) from the skin of a dusky shark, Carcharhinus obscurus (Carcharhinidae), in the southwest Indian Ocean off Umhlanga Rocks, South Africa, and Dermophthirius maccallumi from the skin of 2 bull sharks, Carcharhinus leucas, in the northern Gulf of Mexico off Cat Island, Mississippi, U.S.A. No previous report exists of a microbothriid from the western Indian Ocean or from off southern Africa or of D. maccallumi from beyond the vicinity of the Lake Nicaragua–San Juan River system. We also provide a list of hosts and localities for members of Dermophthirius.
... Microbothriid monogeneans are parasites of the Carcharhinidae, Carchariidae, Scyliorhinidae, Squatinidae, Pristidae and Rhinobatidae (see Young 1967). Microbothriids cause significant skin damage to their elasmobranch hosts in captivity leading to disease or even host mortality (Cheung et al. 1982(Cheung et al. , 1988Cheung and Nigrelli 1983;Cheung and Ruggieri 1983;Rand et al. 1986;Poynton et al. 1997). Microbothriids are also reported to be pathogenic on wild-caught hosts (see Bullard et al. 2000) and are the possible vectors of bacterial infections (see Grimes et al. 1985). ...
... In addition, this public aquarium experienced significant infections of D. maccallumi Watson et Thorson, 1967 on captive C. leucas (Müller et Henle, 1839) (Vaughan unpublished data). It is well documented that representatives of the Microbothriidae are pathogenic in captive populations of elasmobranchs (Cheung et al. 1982(Cheung et al. , 1988Cheung and Nigrelli 1983;Cheung and Ruggieri 1983;Rand et al. 1986;Poynton et al. 1997). Pseudoleptobothrium christisoni did not appear to cause significant skin damage to its host but we did not have the opportunity to study the longterm effects of this parasite as they were all removed from the skin of the ray soon after quarantine confinement at Two Oceans Aquarium. ...
Pseudoleptobothrium christisoni sp. nov. is described from the dermal denticles of the dorsal skin surface of a single female Rhinobatos annulatus collected off Cape Agulhas, South Africa and destined for public exhibition at the Two Oceans Aquarium in Cape Town. This
new species differs from the only other species in the genus, P. aptychotremae Young, 1967, primarily by the morphology of the male copulatory tract. The distal portion of the male copulatory tract is
wide and bears muscular papillae internally and externally. In addition, the area of ventral tegument near the vaginal pore
has several parallel ridges which appear to serve as the initial attachment site for a bipartite spermatophore. The formation
of the spermatophore in P. christisoni is discussed. The generic diagnosis of Pseudoleptobothrium is revised to accommodate P. christisoni and a partial redescription of P. aptychotremae is provided to include characters originally not described or described incorrectly.
KeywordsMonogenea–Microbothriidae–
Pseudoleptobothrium
–
Rhinobatos annulatus
–South Africa
... Monogenea is one of the largest classes of phylum Platyhelminthes, and they possess anterior and posterior attachment apparatus that are used for locomotion, feeding, and host-to-host transfer as well as attachment (Yamaguti 1963, Tinsley andOwen 1975, Kearn 1998). Monogenea infections are easily considered a major problem on requiem fish (Carcharhinidea) and Scarus fish, resulting in diseases and death (Rand et al. 1986, Cheung et al. 1988, Morsy et al. 2014). ...
The type of hosts that parasites choose is an interesting topic of study. The harmful diseases that infect marine animals are mostly known to be parasitic, such as monogeneans, Copepods and Isopods infections. The primary purpose of this study was to determine the parasitic infections of shark (Carcharhinus melanopterus) and of Scarus fish in the Red Sea located in Jeddah City of Saudi Arabia. For this purpose, 33 Carcharhinus melanopterus and 30 Scarus fish were examined for ectoparasites using wet mount under a light microscope. Collected parasites were identified as, monogenea (Dactylogyrus sp and Erpocotyle tiburonis), Copepoda (Pandarus sinuatus, Anchistrotos tangi and Hatschekia sp) and Isopoda (praniza larva of Gnathia sp). The second purpose of this study was to compare the percentage between Scarus (Osteichthyes) and shark fish (Chondrichthyes) in terms of parasitic infection. Our findings revealed that Monogenea and Copepod infections were found on gills of sharks while Scarus fish were infected by Copepod and Isopod parasites. Parasitic infections can be caused by a number of factors ; it might include the biological and ecological characteristics of the parasite and the host it infests.
... Haplocotyle n. gen. is closely related to Dermophthirioides, Dermophthirius, Dermopristis, and Pseudoleptobothrium because they share the following morphological features: the anterior extremity of the oötype having a tetrahedral shape, the anterior aperture of a bell-shaped pharynx, and the structure of the male copulatory organ (MacCallum 1926a;Young 1967;Watson and Thorson 1976;Cheung and Ni-grelli 1983;Cheung and Ruggieri 1983;Benz 1987;Cheung et al. 1988;Kearn et al. 2010;Vaughan and Chisholm 2011;Whittington and Kearn 2011). In the phylogenetic analysis based on 28S rDNA sequences, the new species is related to Dermophthirius and Dermopristis, both of which have paired testes (Benz 1987;Whittington and Kearn 2011), and forms a sister group (Fig. 2). ...
Haplocotyle japonica n. gen., n. sp. (Monogenea: Microbothriidae) is described from the skin and gill cavity of Rhinobatos hynnicephalus Richardson, 1846 (Elasmobranchii: Rajiformes: Rhinobatidae) in the Seto Inland Sea off Hiroshima Prefecture and the southern Sea of Japan off Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. The new genus is closely related to Dermophthirioides Cheung and Nigrelli, 1983, Dermophthirius MacCallum, 1926, Dermopristis Kearn, Whittington, and Evans-Gowing, 2010, and Pseudoleptobothrium Young, 1967 in common morphological features (i.e., the anterior extremity of the oötype having a tetrahedral shape, the anterior aperture of a bell-shaped pharynx, and the structure of the male copulatory organ) but differs from the latter four genera by the presence of a single testis and an ovary not looping the intestinal caeca. The phylogenetic analysis based on 28S rDNA sequences suggests that the new species shows affinity with Dermophthirius and Dermopristis. All currently known species of Microbothriidae Price, 1936 are listed, and a key to 12 genera, including Haplocotyle n. gen., of the family is provided.
... Derrr~oohthirius carcharhinus and D. penrzeri are not strictly host specific (Bullard et al., 2004) and, therefore, there is potential for host switching if closely related shark species are kept in the same display tank. Species of Dermophthirius are distinguished from each other primarily by the morphology of the male copulatory organ (Benz, 1987;Cheung et al., 1988). Adult microbothriids can be distinguished from other monogeneans by the morphology of the haptor which lacks any sclerites (i.e., hooklets and hamuli are absent; Figs. ...
... Derrr~oohthirius carcharhinus and D. penrzeri are not strictly host specific (Bullard et al., 2004) and, therefore, there is potential for host switching if closely related shark species are kept in the same display tank. Species of Dermophthirius are distinguished from each other primarily by the morphology of the male copulatory organ (Benz, 1987;Cheung et al., 1988). Adult microbothriids can be distinguished from other monogeneans by the morphology of the haptor which lacks any sclerites (i.e., hooklets and hamuli are absent; Figs. ...
Skin lesions caused by the ectoparasite Dermophthirius penneri Benz, 1987 (Monogenea: Microbothriidae) on 2 wild-caught blacktip sharks (Carcharhinus limbatus) from the northern Gulf of Mexico were studied using light and scanning electron microscopy. Grossly, lesions appeared as multifocal, well-demarcated, ovoid or irregularly shaped, light gray patches of skin. Scanning electron microscopy of lesions revealed gaps between placoid scales apparently created by detachment and loss of placoid scales, rotated and tilted placoid scales with blunt distal tips and shallow ridges, and a frayed epithelium that covered some placoid scales and filled some spaces between placoid scales. Light microscopy of lesions revealed epithelial hyperplasia accompanied by dermal infiltrates of moderate numbers of loosely arranged lymphocytes interposed between collagen bundles in the superficial layers of the stratum compactum. This report provides the first details of microbothriid skin lesions on wild sharks. Our results indicate that D. penneri caused chronic skin lesions not associated with bacterial infection or severe, debilitating, skin disease in the studied sharks.
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