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Protogrammus , a new genus of callionymid fishes, with a redescription of P. sousai from the eastern Atlantic
Abstract
A new monotypic genus of callionymid fishes,Protogrammus, is described. The type species isCallionymus sousai Maul, 1972. The genus is distinguished from the allied generaChalinops andDiplogrammus by its free opercular flap of skin that is connected to the body in its upper half, a ventrolateral fold of skin consisting
of disconnected segments, unbranched rays in the second dorsal and anal fins, and a very small preopercular spine with the
formula -11. The only known species,Protogrammus sousai, is redescribed and illustrated.
... The Atlantic species of the family were revised by Fricke (unpublished * ), who distinguished 18 valid species from the area, including seven species from the western Mediterranean. Nakabo and Hartel (1999) raised Foetorepus dagmarae (Fricke, 1985) and Foetorepus valdiviae (Trunov, 1981) to the species level and described Foetorepus goodenbeani Nakabo et Hartel, 1999 (here classified in genus Synchiropus). Fricke (2002), in a checklist of callionymid fishes, listed a worldwide total of 182 valid species in 10 genera. ...
... Protogrammus alboranensis was supposed to be endemic to Alboran Island in the south-western Mediterranean, geographically separated from the north-eastern Atlantic species Protogrammus sousai (known only from Meteor Seamount, northwest of Madeira) (Fricke 1985, Fricke in Whitehead et al. 1986, Fricke 2016; potential barriers to dispersal were discussed by Farias et al. (2016). The depth and habitat where the species was found in the Balearic Islands share high similarity with the bottoms from where the species was originally described. ...
Background. The Alboran dragonet, Protogrammus alboranensis Fricke, Ordines, Farias et García-Ruiz, 2016, was originally described based on four specimens from Alboran Island, Spain, south-western Mediterranean, collected in 2014 and 2015. This species was previously considered to be endemic to Alboran Island. A surprising new record of this rare species from the Balearic Islands is reported here.
Material and methods. A specimen of P. alboranensis was collected from a bottom trawl sampling carried out at 159 m depth in the north of Mallorca, Balearic Islands, during the survey MEDITS_ES05_17 in June 2017. The specimen (a male) has been deposited in the collection of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJ).
Results. Protogrammus alboranensis is recorded from the Balearic Islands for the first time; the specimen is examined, described and illustrated.
Conclusions. The new record confirms that the species is more widely distributed in the western Mediterranean than previously expected. This type of study is needed to know about the distribution and habitats of this rare species, to support possible conservation measures. The depth of collection and the benthic habitat in the sampling location were similar to those in the location of the original description of the species (Alboran Island): deep shelf bottoms with biogenic coarse sand and presence of abundant dead shells in both locations. The colouration of the species is highly mimetic with that type of sediments indicating that this is probably the ideal habitat for the species.
... Characters 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6 from Gosline (1970), 4 and 9 from Winterbottom (1993), 7 from Johnson & Patterson (1993) (see also Wiley & Johnson, 2010 Tab. 1 -Synopsis of morphological features used to discriminate selected callionymoid genera. Includes new data and data from Briggs & Berry (1959), Gosline (1970), Nakabo (1982aNakabo ( , b, 1983a, Fricke (1985Fricke ( , 1992 and Motomura & Mukai (2006). ...
A new callionymoid fish, †Gilmourella minuta n. gen. n. sp., is described herein based on a single specimen from the Eocene locality of Monte Bolca, northern Italy. †Gilmourella minuta n. gen. n. sp. differs from other callionymoids (families Callionymidae and Draconettidae) by having a large and elongate head, snout well-development, thin opercular bones, a preopercle with a posterior blunt spine, a ribbon-like interopercle, a subtriangular opercle with fimbriated posterior margin, an elongate and distally pointed subopercle, 18 (7+11) anteroposteriorly compact vertebrae, a caudal fin with 14 short rays, absence of the spinous dorsal-fin, dorsal and anal fins with five unbranched rays, and short pelvic fins. Within the callionymoids, †Gilmourella n. gen. shares a number of features (strongly protractile upper jaws, absence of the endopterygoid, the hypurals and parhypural consolidated into single plate, the haemal spine of penultimate vertebra fused to centrum, anal-fin rays being mostly unbranched) with the Callionymidae and together they seem to form a sister pair. In addition a brief discussion of the fossil record of the dragonets reveals that †Gilmourella minuta n. gen. n. sp. represents the oldest record for the callionymoid fishes known to date. RIASSUNTO-[Un dragoncello (Teleostei, Callionymoidei) nell'Eocene di Monte Bolca, Italia]-†Gilmourella minuta n. gen. n. sp., un nuovo callionimoide proveniente dai depositi eocenici di Monte Bolca, Italia settentrionale, viene descritto sulla base di un singolo reperto. †Gilmourella minuta n. gen. n. sp. differisce dagli altri callionimoidi (membri delle famiglie Callionymidae e Draconettidae) nel possedere la regione cefalica del corpo ampia e piuttosto allungata con un muso molto sviluppato, le ossa della serie opercolare molto sottili, il preopercolare caratterizzato posteriormente da una spina dall'apice arrotondato, l'interopercolare nastriforme, l'opercolare di forma subtriangolare con un margine posteriore fimbriato, il subopercolare allungato e appuntito distalmente, colonna vertebrale composta da 18 (7+11) vertebre compatte anteroposteriormente, pinna caudale contenente 14 brevi raggi, pinna dorsale anteriore (spinosa) assente, pinne dorsale e anale contenenti cinque raggi non biforcati distalmente e pinne pelviche brevi. Tra i callionimoidi, †Gilmourella n. gen. condivide una serie di caratteri morfologici (mascelle ampiamente protrusibili, endopterigoide assente, elementi dello scheletro caudale consolidati a formare una placca ipurale, spina emale della penultima vertebra fusa con il centro vertebrale, raggi della pinna anale in gran parte non biforcati distalmente) con i membri della famiglia Callionymidae con la quale sembra costituire un gruppo monofiletico. Una rapida analisi del registro paleontologico dei callionimoidi sembra indicare †Gilmourella minuta n. gen. n. sp. come la più antica testimonianza nota ad oggi per l'intero gruppo.
... The genus Protogrammus was first described by Fricke (1985), based on P. sousai (Maul, 1972), from Great Meteor Seamount west of Madeira in the northeastern Atlantic. A second species, P. antipodus, was described by Fricke (2006) from Lifou, Loyalty Islands, southwestern Pacific. ...
... The genus Protogrammus was first described by Fricke (1985), based on P. sousai (Maul, 1972), from Great Meteor Seamount west of Madeira in the northeastern Atlantic. A second species, P. antipodus, was described by Fricke (2006) from Lifou, Loyalty Islands, southwestern Pacific. ...
Protogrammus alboranensis n. sp. is described on the basis of four specimens from the Alboran Sea, western Mediterranean Sea. It is characterized within the genus Protogrammus by a total of nine unbranched rays on the second dorsal fin, eight unbranched rays on the anal fin, a very small preopercular spine with an upcurved main tip and one point on the dorsal margin, which is lacking an antrorse spine at the base, the first and second spines of the first dorsal fin filamentous and much longer than the first ray of the second dorsal fin in males, the tip of the last ray of the second dorsal fin reaching beyond the caudal fin base in males, and the anal fin distally black in the males (translucent in females). A key to the species of Protogrammus is presented; the zoogeography of the species is discussed.
Internet publication, see
http://research.calacademy.org/research/Ichthyology/Catalog/fishcatmain.asp
A review of the literature and unpublished data has identified 1045
species of plants, invertebrates and fishes collected from more than 100
seamounts worldwide at depths of 29 to 3800 m. Cnidarians and decapod
crustaceans among invertebrates, and scorpaenids and morids among
fishes, were the most widely distributed groups on seamounts, according
to published reports. Biota of seamounts is dominated by organisms
inhabiting the nearest continental areas, especially at high latitudes.
On shallow seamounts (<1000 m) provincial species with distributions
limited to the region in which the seamount is located and
widespread/cosmopolitan species are nearly equally represented. On
deeper seamounts, the widespread/cosmopolitan categories dominate.
Seamounts appear to provide "stepping stones" for trans-oceanic
dispersal in both the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Dispersal onto
seamounts probably occurs both actively (swimming) and passively )drift
of pelagic and planktonic stages). Seamount endemism is estimated
maximally at 15.4% among invertebrates and 11.6% among fishes.
Population divergence and possibly speciation have occurred on seamounts
of varying depths and distances from continental margins.
Tonlesapia tsukawakii, new genus and species, is described from the northwestern part of Lake Tonle Sap, Cam- bodia. Tonlesapia tsukawakii is distinguished from all known genera and species of Callionymidae by the following combination of characters: fi rst dorsal fi n absent; 8 dorsal-fi n rays; 7 anal-fi n rays; all dorsal- and anal-fi n rays, except last ray, divided into 2 at base, unbranched; opercular membrane fused with body, not forming a free skin fl ap. Tonlesapia tsukawakii is the only species in the family which lives in freshwater throughout its entire life cycle.
Révision des espèces insulindiennes de la famille des Callionymoides
- P Bleeker
- P. Bleeker
Fishes of the families Draconettidae and Callionymidae from the Red Sea and western Indian Ocean
- J L B Smith
On a new species of the genusCallionymus from the Great Meteor Seamount (Percomorphi, Callionymoidea, Callionymidae)
- G E Maul