33 Threatened Fungi in Europe

Full text

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STATUS IN EUROPE
33 threatened fungi in Europe
Complementary and revised information on
candidates for listing in Appendix I of the Bern
Convention
August 2003
T-PVS (2001) 34 rev 2.
A document compiled for EU DG Environment and the Bern Convention by Anders Dahlberg
and Hjalmar Croneborg at the Swedish Species Information Centre on behalf of the Swedish
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the European Council for Conservation of Fungi
(ECCF).

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33 threatened fungi in Europe
August 12th2003
Compiled by
Anders Dahlberg & Hjalmar Croneborg
Swedish Species Information Centre
P.O.Box 7007
SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
anders.dahlberg@artdata.slu.se
hjalmar.croneborg@artdata.slu.se
Contact person for ECCF
Anders Bohlin
Halltorpsgatan 14
SE-461 41 Trollhättan, Sweden
anders.bohlin@telia.com
Contact person for Habitat Directive issues
Mora Aronsson
Swedish Species Information Centre
P.O.Box 7007
SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
mora.aronsson@artdata.slu.se
Contact person for Bern Convention issues
Torsten Larsson
Swedish Environmenatal Protection Agency
SE-106 48 Stockholm, Sweden.
torsten.Larsson@naturvardsverket.se
Linguistically corrected by Shelley Evans
British Mycological Society
Joseph Banks Building
Royal Botanic Gardens Kew
Surrey TW9 3AE, UK
Shelley-Evans@myco-services.freeserve.co.uk
and
Anna Lejfelt-Sahlén at the Swedish Species Information Centre.
Cover:Sarcosphaera coronaria © A. Bollmann Stuttgart – Germany.
TryckJouren i Uppsala AB, 2003

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STATUS IN EUROPE
Summary
No fungal species are represented in the Appendices of the Bern Convention (BC) or the Habitat
Directive 92/43/EEC. Fungi have high species richness, are involved in many biological interactions
and are crucial to several ecosystem processes. Yet nature conservation actions have largely neglected
fungi due to insufficient knowledge of their ecology, distribution and status. However, over recent
decades our scientific knowledge has been significantly increased, as has an awareness of declining
fungal populations in Europe, which is mainly caused by loss and degradation of habitats due to
changed land use. Today more than 35 European countries have some form of Red Lists for fungi.
This report summarizes recent additional information together with that presented in document T-
PVS (2001) 34 where 33 fungal species were proposed for inclusion in the Bern Convention in
order to recognize the need for conservation of fungi and their habitats. All the proposed fungi are
rare throughout Europe and red-listed in several countries. Five are unique to Europe. The endemic
fungus Tulostoma niveum has the most restricted distribution being recorded at less than 20 localities
in only three countries. By contrast the most widely distributed fungus within the proposal, Gomphus
clavatus, is recorded from 25 countries. They are both red-listed; T. niveum in all three countries
and G. clavatus in 17 countries. Twenty of the species are recorded from less than 16 countries and
have each less than 200 known localities in the whole of Europe. Detailed information is presented
concerning the number of localities, habitat types and - from 24 countries - an estimated proportion
of known localities occurring within protected areas and Natura 2000 areas. The data is presented
for EU15 countries and EU13/ remaining BC countries. At the European level, an estimated 40 % of
the known localities are situated within these areas. The posibility of of including the species in the
Habitat Directive Appendices is expressed by a proposal of possible Appendices affiliation.
The information has been compiled from 40 countries, including 36 countries that have ratified the
Bern Convention, all 15 EU member countries and 11 of the 13 EU candidate countries. The data
was researched and rigorously compiled during the spring 2003 by more than 100 mycologists in
these countries.
Fig 1. Countries covered by the Bern Convention (BC), members of EU ( EU15) and EU candidates
(EU13) (Unfortunately, Cyprus is missing in this and all following maps).

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33 threatened fungi in Europe
Background
European mycologists have through the European Council for Conservation of Fungi, (ECCF,
www.wsl.ch/eccf/), been preparing a list of fungi for possible inclusion in the Bern Convention
since 1991. At the 19th meeting of the Bern Convention, a document on threatened mushrooms was
presented [document T-PVS (99) 39]. At the 21th meeting, the document T-PVS (2001) 34 was
informally introduced (www.nature.coe.int/CP21/tpvs34e.htm). The list is based on our present
knowledge of the conservation status, ecology and distribution of fungal species. These 33 species
represent only a small fraction of all threatened fungal species within the region, but by including
them in the Convention Appendix, the need for conservation of fungi and their habitats would be
formally recognized. In total, 20 % of the about 8000 european fungi are regarded as threatened,
mainly due to loss and degradation of their habitats. In order to facilitate the process for their
proposal, Torsten Larsson at the Swedish EPA and Anders Bohlin, the president of ECCF, initiated a
compilation of additional and updated information concerning the proposed fungi. The mycologists
Hjalmar Croneborg and Anders Dahlberg at the Swedish Species Information Centre coordinated
this task.
Compilation of information
During February – June 2003, contacts and questionnaires were emailed to appropriate mycologists
in as many of the countries that have ratified the Bern Convention as possible (Fig 1). The request
was met by an overwhelming and immediate interest, and resulted in a high response. More than 100
European professional mycologists carefully and rigorously compiled up to date information,
particularly in respect of the distribution and number of recent (post 1980) localities for each spe-
cies, and an estimate of what proportion of these localities are within protected or Natura 2000
areas (Table 3).
Table 1. Source of
information for the 33
ECCF fungi from each
Bern Convention country,
EU15 and the EU13
candidate countries are
indicated.
Country
Answered
questionnares
Info based on
literature
Country
Answered
questionnares
Info based on
literature
EU15 countries Hungary x
Austria x Iceland x
Belgium x Latvia x
Denmark x Liechtenstein - -
Finland x Lithuania x
France x Malta x
Germany x Moldova - x
Greece x Poland x
Ireland x Romania x
Italy x Slovakia x
Luxembourg x Slovenia x
Netherlands x Turkey - -
Portugal x Remaining BC countries
Spain x Croatia x
Sweden x Norway x
United Kingdom x Switzerland x
EU13 countries Ukraine x
Bulgaria xOther reported countries
Cyprus - Armenia - x
Czech Republic x Bosnia and Herzegovina x
Bulgaria x Serbia and Montenegro x
Estonia x Russia x

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STATUS IN EUROPE
By June 18th, information had been gathered from 36 countries that have ratified the Bern Convention,
including all EU15 countries and 11 of the EU13 countries (Table 1, Fig 2). This report summarizes
this recent additional information with that presented from document T-PVS (2001) 34. Fourteen of
these countries have an official Red List for fungi and 12 have unofficial Red Lists (Fig 3, Table 4).
Fig 2. Information for the 33 ECCF fungi was obtained from 36 countries. Data 2003 refers to answered
questionnaires during February – June 2003 and Data 2001 refers to data extracted from T-PVS (2001)
34.
Fig 3. Countries with official and unofficial Red Lists.

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33 threatened fungi in Europe
Distribution and status of the 33 ECCF fungi
All 33 proposed fungi are rare throughout Europe. In most cases they have only been recorded from
relatively few locations throughout the 40 countries. Five of the proposed ECCF fungi have not been
recorded outside Europe (Table 3). The 33 ECCF fungi are distributed throughout Europe. There are
no major differences in the number of fungi per country between Southern, Central and Northern
Europe (Fig 4). Ten species are recorded in less than 10 countries and 20 species in less than 16
countries (Fig 5: table 2). France and Italy have the highest numbers of ECCF fungi; 25-27. There
are a slightly higher number of ECCF fungi that are red-listed in Central Europe and Fennoscandia
(Fig 4). All ECCF fungi are red-listed in several of the countries (Table 2). Seven countries have
protected fungal species (Table 2).
Fig 4. The number of ECCF fungal species recorded from individual BC countries.
Fig 5. The number of red-listed or protected ECCF fungi in different countries.

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STATUS IN EUROPE
Twenty of the species have less than 200 known localities in the whole of Europe (Table 3). The
total number of known localities in each country and the number of recent localities (after 1980) are
shown in Table 3 and also presented separately for each species. In 29 of the fungi, more than 90 %
of the known localities are situated within EU15. Four of the species (including two endemics) have
records only within EU15.
We attempted, but did not succeed in making a sufficiently reliable estimate of the total number of
localities. Hence, we only report the number of currently known localities, a figure that is likely to
rise in most cases as our knowledge increases. In well-studied countries, almost all existing
localities are known, whereas in less well-investigated areas the total number of localities may be
up to ten times higher than the number of known ones.
The most important Natura 2000 habitats are indicated for each ECCF fungi in Table 4. A more
detailed presentation of the distribution, number of known/estimated localities and habitats within
each country is given separately for each species.
Table 2 Number of ECCF fungi recorded in each country post 1980, numbers which are red-listed and
within paranthesis protected numbers (1 = no data available, 2 = no national Red List exist).
Country
No. of ECCF fungi
No. of red -listed species
Total number of localities
% in protected/ Natura 2000 areas
Country
No. of ECCF fun
g
i
No. of red -listed species
Total number of localities
% in protected/ Natura 2000 areas
EU15 countries Hungary 9 9 28 -
Austria 15 14 91 32% Iceland 20 - 0 -
Belgium 13-14 - 64 77%
Latvia 5 3 (5) 47 57%
Denmark 12 13 59 14% Liechtenstein 1- - - -
Finland 20 19 897 70%
Lithuania 9 4 4 25%
France 27 27 2030 30% Malta 2 1 2 100%
Germany 25 23 668 44%
Moldova 1 1 - -
Greece 214 -69 - Poland 20 17 114 11%
Ireland 25 - 11 64%
Romania 211 - 66 24%
Italy 27 3168 19% Slovakia 20 19 (11) >99 -
Luxembourg 6 3 18 -
Slovenia 21 (8) 82 -
Netherlands 10 10 131 56% Turkey 1- - - -
Portugal 210 - 17 35%
Remaining BC countries
Spain 20 20 727 66% Croatia 14 (8) 74 32
Sweden 24 24 (5) 3602 19% Norway 21 19 249 -
United Kingdom 17 13 872 12% Switzerland 21 14 (4) 507 -
EU13 countries
Ukraine 2? 15 - - -
Bulgaria 12 727 18% Other reported countries
Cyprus 1- - - -
Armenia >2 - - -
Czech Republic 18 5 (3) 217 - Bosnia and Herzegovina >3 - 2 -
Bulgaria 15 8 72 42%
Serbia and Montenegro 9 6 14- -
Estonia 15 872 42% Russia 21 6 - -

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33 threatened fungi in Europe
Fungal monitoring
Monitoring of fungi may appear more problematic than for other groups of organisms due to the large
species richness, and sometimes identification difficulties or as yet unsolved taxonomical problems.
The proposed species are all conspicous and fairly easily identified. Fungi are strongly dependent
upon annual climatic conditions for fruiting. Hence, sporocarps does not appear annualy despite
their mycelia constantly being present, a fact that necessitates long-term monitoring. Despite this,
they are very useful as sensitive indicators of habitat qualities.
Fungal localities
Localities are pragmatically defined as discrete and separate areas, normally located more than 1
km2 from each other. In fungal species growing on, or within, discrete substrates such as wood, each
unit of substrate is commonly considered to constitute at least one genotype. Genotypes in soil-
dwelling species are by contrast considered to commonly occupy about 100 m2 for mycorrhizal fungi
and about 10 m2for saprotrophic fungi. Typically, few fungal individuals occupy each locality.
Fungi within protected areas
We also tried to produce estimates of the number of ECCF fungal localities within protected areas,
within Natura 2000 areas and outside these areas. Such estimates are difficult and time-consuming to
conduct. Many records lack sufficiently detailed geographic information (coordinates) to link
observations with boundary information on protected areas. Nevertheless, 24 countries made efforts
to make such estimates (see explanation at page 15). The general European trend is that at least 40 %
of the localities are found within areas enjoying some kind of protection (Fig 6). Of course these
estimates are very uncertain and vary amongst species and countries. However better estimates
cannot be achieved within the fixed timescale, and not without considerable further effort.
Nevertheless, this information will be useful as a starting point of discussions about the need for
protection of land to secure viable populations of these fungi.
Haploporus odorus

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STATUS IN EUROPE
Fig 6. Estimates of the percentage of localities for individual fungal species already located within
protected/ Natura 2000 areas in EU15 countries and EU13 and remaining BC countries, respectively. Note,
the number of localities for individual species range from 9 – 1586 (cf. Table 3).
Percentage of localities protected for each ECCF fungus
0 25 50 75 100
Tul ost o ma niveum
Trichol oma col ossus
Torrendia pulchella
Suillus sibiricus
Skeletocutis odora
Sarc osp haera c or onar ia
Sarcosoma globosum
Sarcodon fuligineoviolaceus
Pycnoporellus alboluteus
Podoscypha multizonata
Phylloporus pelletieri
M yr i o st o ma c o li f o r me
Lyo phyl lum f avr ei
Leuco paxillus compactus
Lari ci fo mes of f ic inal is
Hygr op hor us p urp urasc ens
Hygrocybe calypt rif ormis
Hohenb ueheli a culmi col a
Heri cium er inaceum
Haploporus odorus
Hapalopilus croceus
Gomp hus cl avat us
Geoglossum atropurpureum
Entoloma bloxamii
Cortinarius ionochlorus
Cant harel lus melanox ero s
Bovista paludosa
Boletus dupainii
Boletopsis grisea
Armillaria ectypa
Antrodia albobrunnea
Amylocyst is lapponica
Amanita friabilis
%
EU13/BC EU15

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33 threatened fungi in Europe
Table 3. A summary of the status of the ECCF fungi within the Bern Convention and EU15 countries;
endemism, occurrence, estimated number of localities, percentage of known localities located within
protected and Natura 2000 areas, number of countries where they are red-listed and most frequent Natura
2000 habitat.
Species
Endemic to Europe
Present in no. of countries (post
1
980
)
Number of localities (post 1980)
% of localities in protected areas
Red-listed in no. of countries
Present in no. of EU15 countries
(post 1980)
Most frequent Natura 2000 habitat
Amanita friabilis yes 16 124 30 11 11 Alluvial forest with Alnus (91EO)
Amylocystis lapponica 81045 38 7 3 Western taiga (9010)
Antrodia albobrunnea 3 397 58 5 3 Western taiga (9010), Coniferous forests on, or connected to glaciofluvial
eskers (9060)
Armillaria ectypa 957 46 10 9Alkaline fens (7230), Active raised bogs (7110)
Boletopsis grisea 11 254 16 5 6 Western taiga (9010)
Boletus dupainii 10 96 41 8 6 Medio-European limestone beech forests (9150)
Bovista paludosa 9 190 49 13 6 Alkaline Fen (7230)
Cantharellus melanoxeros yes 17 398 44 912 Asperulo-fagetum beech-forests (9130)
Cortinarius ionochlorus ? 6 181 53 3 6 Quercus ilex forests (9340)
Entoloma bloxamii 19 292 38 15 13 Seminatural dry grasslandsand scrubland faces on calcareous substrates
(6210)
Geoglossum atropurpureum 11 122 34 9 9 Seminatural dry grasslands and scrubland facies on calcareous substrates
(6210)
Gomphus clavatus 19 955 22 18 11 Acidophilous Picea forests of the montane to alpine levels (Vaccinio –
Piceetea) (9410) + (9110 and 9130)
Hapalopilus croceus 17 120 61 13 9 Sub-atlantic and medio-European oak or oak-hornbeam forests (9160)
Haploporus odorus 31586 15 3 2 Western taiga (9010)
Hericium erinaceum 18 435 29 15 13 Luzulo-Fagetum beech forests (9110) , medio-european oak and oak-
hornbeam forest (9160)
Hohenbuehelia culmicola yes 640 66 4 6 Shifting dunes along the shoreline with Ammophila arenaria (2120)
Hygrocybe calyptriformis 17 639 20 12 10 Semi-natural dry grasslandsand scrubland facies on calcareous substrates
(6210)
Hygrophorus purpurascens 742 17 7 4 Acidophilous Picea forests of the montane to alpine levels (Vaccinio-
Piceetea) (9410)
Laricifomes officinalis 7 84 30 7 3 Alpine Larix decidua – Pinus cembra forests (9420)
Leucopaxillus compactus 17 161 34 13 9Asperulo-Fagetum beech forests (9130), Fennoscandia hemiboreal natural
old broad-leaved deciduous forest (9020)
Lyophyllum favrei 7 25 50 3 6 Asperulo-Fagetum beech forests (9130)
Myriostoma coliforme 13 155 46 13 9Riparian mixed forests along the great rivers (91FO), Salix alba and
Populus alba galleries (92AO)
Phylloporus pelletieri 18 926 38 13 12 Luzulo-Fagetum (9110), Asperulo-Fagetum (9130) , Carpinion betuli
(9160)
Podoscypha multizonata 8116 29 3 5 Asperulo-fagetum beech forests (9130)
Pycnoporellus alboluteus 3 11 82 5 2 Fennoscandian herb-rich forests with Picea abies (9050)
Sarcodon fuligineoviolaceus 10 48 32 6 7 Western taiga (9010)
Sarcosoma globosum 4 135 22 10 2 Western taiga (9010)
Sarcosphaera coronaria 20 691 31 14 12 Asperulo-fagetum beech forests (9130), Medio-European limestone beech
(9150)
Skeletocutis odora 6 654 33 5 3 Fennoscandian herb-rich forests with Picea abies (9050)
Suillus sibiricus Singer
ssp. helveticus yes 663 38 7 4 Alpine Larix decidua-Pinus cembra forests (9420)
Torrendia pulchella 3 110 55 3 3 Q suber forests (9330), Galicio-Portuguese oak woods with Quercus robur
and Quercus pyrenaica (9230)
Tricholoma colossus ?14 218 52 14 9Mediterranean pine forests with endemic mesogean pines (9540), western
taiga (9010)
Tulostoma niveum yes 3 9 56 3 3 Rupicolosus calcareous or basphilic grasslands of the alysso-sedionalbi
(6110), Nordic alvar and precambrian calcareous flatrocks (6280)

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STATUS IN EUROPE
Possible affiliation in the Habitat Directive Appendices of the 33
suggested fungi for the Bern Convention.
The proposal below is intended to serve as a basis for the discussion. It has been prepared by Mora
Aronsson at the SWG of the Habitat Directive and the mycologists at the Swedish Species Informa-
tion Centre.
All 33 species are suggested for inclusion in Appendix II. They are all rare, commonly red-listed
within EU15 and require management or conservation of their habitats to secure their long-term
survival. The most pervasive and overriding threat to these fungi is habitat loss and degradation due
to agricultural and forestry activities and development. Sporocarp collection does not impose a
threat to most of these species, as the longevity of mycelia of at least soil dwelling species range
from decades to potentially centuries. In Switzerland and USA, long-term research on the harvesting
of edible mushrooms has shown no measurable influence on fruitbody production. The selected
fungi are useful as indicators of specific habitat qualities even if their sporocarps may not appear at
all some years due to adverse weather conditions.
Nine of these species are suggested to be given a priority within Appendix II (*II). These species
are extremely rare. They all have very limited distribution and are only know from few localities in
Europe and in the world. It can therefore be argued that a higher proportion of the localities of these
fungi need to be protected and managed to secure their long term survival. With few exceptions, they
are red-listed and highly threatened throughout their distribution, and they have their main distribu-
tion within EU15.
Four of the species are suggested to be included in Appendix IVb. For Hapalopilus croceus and
Laricifomes officinalis growing on old trees, collection of their perennial sporocarps and above all
cutting and incorrect management of their host trees can be devastating. For the same reasons,
protection of Pycnoporellus alboluteus, growing on thick logs with remarkable, conspicuous
sporocarps would enhance its existence. The fourth soil-dwelling species, Sarcosoma globosum,
has its major global distribution within Sweden. All four species are already protected by law, in 4,
2, 1 and 3 countries, respectively.
Species Possible
Appendix Species Possible
Appendix
Amanita friabilis II Hygrophorus purpurascens *II
Amylocystis lapponica II Laricifomes officinalis *II IVb
Antrodia albobrunnea II Leucopaxillus compactus II
Armillaria ectypa *II Lyophyllum favrei *II
Boletopsis grisea II Myriostoma coliforme II
Boletus dupainii *II Phylloporus pelletieri II
Bovista paludosa II Podoscypha multizonata II
Cantharellus melanoxeros II Pycnoporellus alboluteus *II IVb
Cortinarius ionochlorus II Sarcodon fuligineoviolaceus *II
Entoloma bloxamii II Sarcosoma globosum II IVb
Geoglossum atropurpureum II Sarcosphaera coronaria II
Gomphus clavatus II Skeletocutis odora II
Hapalopilus croceus II IVb Suillus sibiricus II
Haploporus odorus II Torrendia pulchella II
Hericium erinaceum II Tricholoma colossus II
Hohenbuehelia culmicola *II Tulostoma niveum *II
Hygrocybe calyptriformis II

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33 threatened fungi in Europe
Country Red List reference Coordinating person(s)
Austria Official Red List: Krisai-Greilhuber, I. (1999): 5. Pilze. Rote Liste
gefährdeter Großpilze Österreichs, 2. Fassung. In: Niklfeld, H.
(Ed.) Rote Listen gefährdeter Pflanzen Österreichs, 2nd Edn, pp.
229-266.
Irmgard Krisai-Greilhuber, Institut für Botanik und Botanischer
Garten der Universität Wien,Rennweg 14, A-1030 Wien.
AUSTRIA
Email: irmgard.greilhuber@univie.ac.at
Herman Voglmayr
Email: hermann.voglmayr@univie.ac.at;
Supported by U. Peintner & R. Kuhnert-Finkernagel
Begium Unofficial Red List, regionally for Flanders : Walleyn R. &
Verbeken A. (2000) Een gedocumenteerde Rode Lijst van enkele
groepen paddestoelen (macro-fungi) van Vlaanderen. Meded.
Instituut voor Natuurbehoud 7: i-x, 1-84.
Walleyn R & Vandeven R. 2003. Inventaris en status inVlaanderen
en het Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewestvan de bedreigde
paddestoelen voorgesteld ter opnamein bijlage 1 van de
Conventie van Bern. i.s.m. Brussels Instituut voor Milieubeheer
(BIM) Rapport IBW, Bb R 2003.008
André Fraiture, Jardin Botanique National de BelgiqueDomaine
de BouchoutB-1860 Meise, BELGIUM
Email: andre.fraiture@br.fgov.be
Ruben Walleyn, Instituut voor Bosbouw en Wildbeheer,
Gaverstraat 4, B-9500 Geraardsbergen, BELGIUM
Email: ruben.walleyn@lin.vlaanderen.be
Bosnia and
Herzegovina No Red List Boris Ivancevic, Natural History Museum, Njegoseva 51, P.O.
Box 401, YU-11000 Belgrade, BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Email: i.boris@beotel.yu
Bulgaria Unofficial Red List: Gyosheva, M., V. Fakirova & C. Denchev
2000. Red List and threat status of Bulgarian macromycetes.
Historia naturalis bulgarica 11: 139-145
Melania Gyosheva, Institute of Botany, Bulgarian Academy of
Sciences, Acad G Bonchev Str bl 23, 1113 Sofia,BULGARIA
Email: gyosheva@biofac.uni-sofia.bg
Croatia Unofficial fungal Red List and official list for protection of fungi;
Rule Book on Protection of Fungi (2002), Narodne novine 34/02 in
which 130 species are protected by law. Based on an unofficial red
list (Tkalcec, Z., Matocec, N., Mesic, A. & Tortic, M. (1998).
Endangerment of Fungi Analysis and Directions for Strategy and
Action Plan of their Conservation. State Directorate for the
Protection of Nature and Environment.
Laboratory of Biocoenotical Research, Rudjer Boskovic Institute,
Bijenicka cesta 54,10000 Zagreb,CROATIA.
Email: Zdenko Tkalcec (zdenko.tkalcec@zg.tel.hr),
Armin Mesic (armin.mesic@zg.hinet.hr),
Neven Matocec (discomycetes@inet.hr)
Mycological Society, Sveti Duh 63/1,10000 Zagreb, CROATIA
Email:hmd-zg@zg.hinet.hr
Czech Republic Official Red List: Kotlaba F. & al., 1995: ýervená kniha
ohrozených a vzácnych druhov rastlín a živoþíchov SR a ýR. Vol.
4. (Red book of threatened and rare species of the Slovak and
Czech Republics. Vol. 4). - Bratislava, 221 pp.
Jan Holec, National Museum, Mycological Department,
Václavské nám. 68, 115 79 Praha 1, CZECH REPUBLIC.
Email: jan.holec@nm.cz
Vladimír Antonín, Moravian Museum, Department of Botany,
Zelný trh 6, 659 37 Brno, CZECH REPUBLIC; Miroslav Beran,
Museum of South Bohemia, Dukelská 1, 370 51 ýeské
BudČjovice, CZECH REPUBLIC, Zuzana Bieberová, Agency for
Nature and Landscape Protection, branch Brno, Lidická 25/27,
657 20 Brno, CZECH REPUBLIC.
Denmark Official Red List: Stoltze & Pihl (eds.) 1998. Rodliste 1997 over
planter og dyr I Danmark. Miljo- och Energiministeriet, Danmarks
miljoundersogelser og Skov- och Naturstyrelsen.
Jan Vesterholt, Danish Mycological Society
Lagelinie 37 st.tv, 7100 Vejle, DENMARK.
Email: myco@vip.cybercity.dk
Estonia Official Red List: Eesti punane raamat. Tallinn, 1999. 150 p.
(Estonian Red Data Book. In Estonian, with a summary in English.
Published by the Commission for Nature Protection of the
Estonian Academy of Sciences.)
Erast Parmasto, Institute of Zoology and Botany of the Estonian
Agricultural University, 181 Riia St., 51014 Tartu, ESTONIA.
Email: e.parmasto@zbi.ee
Finland Official Red List: The II Committee for the Monitoring of
Threatened Species in Finland; Rassi, P. (chairman), Alanen, A.,
Kanerva, T. & Mannerkoski, I. (eds.) 2001: The 2000 Red List of
Finnish species. – 432 pp. Ministry of Environment, Finnish
Environment Institute, Helsinki.
Tea von Bonsdorff
Kasvimuseo/sieniosasto, Hämeentie 153 B
PL 47, 00014 Helsingin yliopisto. FINLAND.
Email: tbonsdor@mappi.helsinki.fi
Supported by Heikki Kotiranta, Maarit Kaukonen and Esteri
Ohenoja.
France Unofficial fungal Red List : But one is prepared to be published
in 2003. Courtecuisse, 2003 (in prep.) Regis Courtecuisse Departement de Botanique
3, rue du Professeur Laguesse - B.P. 83
F-59006 Lille Cedex, FRANCE.
Email: rcourtec@phare.univ-lille2.fr
Supported by Gilles Corriol, Pierre-Arthur Moreau
Germany Official Red List: Benkert, D. et al. (1992): Rote Liste der
gefährdeten Großpilze in Deutschland. Deutsche Gesellschaft für
Mykologie e.V., Naturschutzbund Deutschland e.V. IHW-Verlag,
Eching. (Reprinted 1996)
Regarding regional red lists, see please see Bern Convention
document
Peter Otto, University of Leipzig, Institute of Botany,
Johannisallee 21, D - 04103 Leipzig, GERMANY.
Email: otto@uni-leipzig.de
on behalf of the German Mycological Society (DGfM) with
contributions from: D. Benkert, P. Dobbitsch, G. Hirsch, L.
Krieglsteiner, T.R. Lohmeyer, M. Lüderitz, G. Schmidt-Stohn,
J.A. Schmitt, U. Täglich, W. Winterhoff, K. Wöldecke.
Great Britain Unofficial Red List used as an official document: Ing, B. 1992
: A provisional Red Data List of British Fungi. Mycologist 6: 124–
128. British Mycological Society.
Evans, S., Ing, B., Henrici, A., Rotheroe, M. 2003 : Red Data List
of threatened British fungi. (in preparation)
Shelley Evans, Conservation Officer, British Mycological Society,
Joseph Banks Building, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Surrey
TW9 3AE. GREAT BRITAIN.
Email: shelley-evans@myco-services.freeserve.co.uk
Table 4. References to Red Lists and coordinating mycologists who have compiled the data of this report.
References

13
STATUS IN EUROPE
Country Red List reference Coordinating person(s)
Greece No Red List Evangelia Kapsanaki-Gotsi
University of Athens, Biology Dept. Sect. Ecology & Systematics,
Panepistimiopolis, GR-157 84 Athens, GREECE.
E-mail: ekapsan@cc.uoa.gr
Supported by Dr Stephanos Diamandis
Email: diamandi@fri.gr
Hungary Unofficial Red List: Rimóczi, I., Siller, I., Vasas, G., Albert, L.,
Vetter, J., Bratek, Z. (1999): Magyarország nagygombáinak
javasolt Vörös Listája. (The draft of the Red List of Hungarian
Macrofungi). Mikológiai Közlemények Clusiana 38/1-3:107-132.
Lívia Fodor
Ministry of Environment and Water
Authority for Nature Conservation
Budapest – 1121, Költõ u.21. HUNGARY
Email: fodor@mail2.ktm.hu
Iceland No Red List Gudridur Gyda Eyjolfsdottir, Icelandic Institute of Natural History,
Akureyri Division, Hafnarstræti 97, P.O. Box 180
IS-602 Akureyri, ICELAND.
Email: gge@ni.is
Italy Unofficial Red List: Venturella et al., 1997 – Towards a Red Data
List of fungi for Italy. Bocconea 5 (2):867-872. Claudia Perini, Department of Environmental Sciences. G.
Sarfatti”, via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, ITALY.
Email: perini@unisi.it
Eugenio Dupre', Direzione Conservazione della Natura
Ministero dell'Ambiente e della Tutela del Territorio, ITALY
Email: dupre.eugenio@minambiente.it
Latvia Official Red List: 1. Andruðaitis G. (ed.) 1996. Latvijas Sarkanâ
Grâmata. Retâs un izzûdoðâs augu un dzîvnieku sugas, 1.sçjums
- Red Data Book of Latvia. Rare and endangered species of plants
and animals, Vol.1, Rîga
2. MK Noteikumi Nr.396 (14/10/2000) Par îpaði aizsargâjamo sugu
un ierobeþoti izmantojamo îpaði aizsargâjamo sugu sarakstu –
Regulations of Government No 396 (14/10/2000) Lists of Specially
Protected and Limitedly Exploitable Specially Protected Species
Inguna Krastina, Latvian Environment Agency, Straumes str. 2,
LV-2015, Jurmala, LATVIA.
Email: Inguna.Krastina@lva.gov.lv
Supported by Diâna Meiere, Inita Dâniele
Lithuania Official Red List: Lygis D., 2000: Lietuvos respublikos Aplinkos
ministro isakymas del i Lietuvos raudonosios knygos irasytu
saugomu gyvunu, augalu ir grybu rusiu saraso patvirtinimo. –
Valstybes zinios, 66-1998: 76-94.
Ernestas Kutorga, Vilnius University, Department of Botany and
Genetics, Ciurlionio 21/27, LT-2009, Vilnius, LITHUANIA.
Email: Ernestas.Kutorga@gf.vu.lt
Reda Irsenaite, Institute of Botany, Laboratory of Mycology,
Zaliuju ezeru 49, LT-2049 Vilnius, LITHUANIA.
Email: reda@botanika.lt
Luxembourg Unofficial Red List: under preparation and unpublished Marie-Therese Tholl 31,rue du Village L-9647 Doncols,
LUXEMBURG
Email: mttholl@pt.lu
Ben Schultheis maison 20 L-3311 Abweiler, LUXEMBURG
Malta Official Red List: Schembri PJ and Sultana J 1989. Red Data
Book for the Maltese Islands. Department of information. Malta. Malta Mycological Society, Michael Briffa, Durham house, 20
Creche street, Slierna SLM09, MALTA.
Email: brimic@vol.net.mt
Netherlands Official Red List: Arnolds & Kuyper, 1996. Bedreigde en
kwetsbare paddestoelen in Nederland. Marijke M. NautaNational Herbarium of the Netherlands,
University Leiden branch, P.O. Box 9514 NL-2300 RA Leiden
NETHERLANDS
Email: nauta@nhn.leidenuniv.nl
Norway Official Red List: Nasjonal rødliste for truete arter i Norge 1998
(Norwegian Red List 1998) - DN-rapport 1999-3. Gro Gulden, Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, p.b.
1172 Blindern, N-0318 Oslo, NORWAY
Email: Gro.gulden@nhm.uio.no
Supported by Egil Bendiksen
Poland Unofficial Red List: Wojewoda, W. & £awrynowicz, M. 1992. Red
list of threatened macrofungi in Poland. In: Zarzycki, K.,
Wojewoda, W. & Heinrich, H. (eds.), List of threatened plants in
Poland. 2 ed. W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Kraków, pp. 27–56.
Anna Ronikier & Marcin Piatek, W. Szafer Institute of Botany,
Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Lubicz 46, PL–31–512 Kraków,
POLAND.
Email: A.Ronikier@ib-pan.krakow.pl
mpiatek@ib-pan.krakow.pl
Supported by Maria Lawrynowicz, Wladyslaw Wojewoda and
Izabela Kalucka
Portugal No Red List J. L. Baptista-Ferreira, Centro de Micologia da Universidade de
Lisboa, Rua da Escola Politécnica 58, 1250-102 Lisbon,
PORTUGAL.
Email: joao.ferreira@fc.ul.pt
Supported by Ireneia Melo and Fátima Pinho-Almeida.
Republic of Ireland No Red List Hubert T. Fuller, Department of Botany, University College
Dublin, National University of Ireland Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4
REPUBLIC OF IRELAND
Email: hubert.fuller@ucd.ie
Howard Fox, National Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin
Dublin 9, REPUBLIC OF IRELAND
hfox@duchas.ie
Romania No Red List Catalin TANASE, 'Al. I. Cuza' University of Iasi, Faculty of
Biology, 20 A Carol I Bd., 6600 – Iasi, ROMANIA.
Email: tanase@uaic.ro
Adriana POP, Institute of Biological Research Cluj, Po-Box 229,
48 Republicii Street, 3400 Cluj – Napoca, ROMANIA.

14
33 threatened fungi in Europe
Country Red List reference Coordinating person(s)
Russia Official Red List:
Kotiranta, H., P. Uotila, S. Sulkava & S.-L. Peltonen (eds.). 1998.
Red Data Book of East Fennoscandia. Ministry of the
Environment, Finnish Environment Institute & Botanical
Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History. Helsinki. 351 pp.
Kovalenko, A.E. (ed.). 2001. Fungi and Slime Molds. In: Red Data
Book of Nature of the Leningrad Region. Vol. 2. Plants and
Fungi: 495-652. World and Family, Saint Petersburg.
Taskaev A.I. (ed.). 1998. Red Data Book of the Komi Republic.
Rare and endangered species of plants and animals. DIK,
Moscow. 528 pp. (in Russian).
Alexander Kovalenko,V.L. Komarov Botanical Institute,
2 Prof. Popov St., 197376 - St. Petersburg.
RUSSIA
Email: alkov@AK3010.spb.edu
Serbia and
Montenegro Unofficial Red List: Ivancevic, B. (1998): A preliminary Red List
of the macromycetes of Yugoslavia. In: C. Perini (ed.),
Conservation of fungi in Europe, Proceedings of the 4th meeting of
the European Council for Conservation of Fungi: 57-61. Università
degli Studi di Siena, Dipartimento Biologia Ambientale, Siena,
Italy.
Boris Ivancevic, Natural History Museum, Njegoseva 51, P.O.
Box 401, YU-11000 Belgrade, SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO
Email: i.boris@beotel.yu
With contributions from: M. Davidovic, I. Hadzic, N. Lukic, B.
Peric, S. Radic
Slovakia Official Red List: LizoĖ, P. 2001. ýervený zoznam húb
Slovenska. 3. verzia (december 2001). In: D. Baláž, K. Urban, & P.
Urban, ýervený zoznam rastlín a živoþíchov Slovenska. Ochrana
prírody, suppl. 20: 6-12.[on-line at www.sopsr.sk/istb/redlist (in
Slovak)]
Pavel LizoĖ (Institute of Botany, Dúbravská 14, SK-845 23
Bratislava, SLOVAKIA.
Email: pavel.lizon@savba.sk)
Slovenia No Red List, but The Red list of Slovenia is to be prepared by the
end of 2003. Tine Grebenc, Slovenia Forestry Institute, Vecna pot 2, SI-1000
Ljubljana, SLOVENIA
Email: tine.grebenc@gozdis.si
Spain Unofficial Red List: Hongos españoles amenazados. Enric
Gracia (Ed.). BEMF.2003. To be published in May 2003. Enric Gracia. BEMF (Bank of Edible and Medicinal Fungi) Dep.
Biologia Vegetal; Fac. Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona; Av.
Diagonal, 645; 08028 Barcelona, PORTUGAL
Email: egracia@ub.edu
Compilation supported by 35 Spanish mycologists.
Sweden Official Red List: The 2000 Red List of Swedish Species. (2000).
ArtDatabanken, SLU, Uppsala Hjalmar Croneborg and Anders Dahberg, Hjalmar Croneborg
Swedish Species Information Centre, P.O. Box 7026, 750 07
Uppsala, SWEDEN
Email: Hjalmar.croneborg@artdata.slu.se
Email: Anders.dahlberg@artdata.slu.se
Switzerland Unofficial Red List: Senn-Irlet, B.; Bieri, Chr. & R. Herzig. 1997.
Provisorische Rote Liste der gefährdeten Höheren Pilze der
Schweiz. Mycologia Helvetica 9(2): 81-110.
Beatrice Senn-Irlet, Eidgenössische Forschungsanstalt für Wald,
Schnee und Landschaft WSL, Zürcherstr. 111,
CH- 8903 Birmensdorf , SWITZERLAND
Email: senn-irlet@bluewin.ch
Ukraine David Minter forwarded the information compiled by Dr Mykola
Prydiuk and Dr Yura Tykhonenko of the M.G. Kholodny Institute
of Botany, Kiev, UKRAINE
Email: d.minter@cabi.org