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Hyaloscyphaceae in Japan (4): New records of the genus Lachnum
Abstract and Figures
Six species of the genusLachnum, Hyaloscyphaceae are described:Lachnum longispinum andL. radiatum spp. nov.;L. fuscescens, L. palmae, L. pulverulentum, andL. rhytismatis, new to Japan.
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... Species of Clade A were also characterized by large (>10 µm long) and conspicuously fusiform ascospores and longer asci (mainly > 40 µm long), while others have small (<10 µm long) and oblong to narrowly fusiform ascospores and smaller asci (mainly < 40 µm long). Fusiform ascospores and larger asci are also presumed to be apomorphic in Incrucipulum, as has been suggested in the morphological data of Tanaka & Hosoya (2001). ...
... Eight species of Incrucipulum are currently known from Japan. Five species, I. foliicola, I. hakonechloae-macrae, I. longispineum, I. pseudosulphurellum and I. radiatum, have been known only from Japan (Katsumoto 2010, Otani 1967, Raitviir 1977, Tanaka & Hosoya 2001. Considering that lachnaceous species tend to show strong host specificity, it is presumed that species of Incrucipulum were diversified in the Far East corresponding to characteristic vascular plant flora, such as tall herb grasslands and bamboo grove (Raitviir 1979). ...
Three new species of Incrucipulum were described from Japan: I. foliicola and I. pseudosulphurellum on Myrica gale subsp. tomentosa and I. hakonechloae-macrae on Hakonechloa macra. Disposition to Incrucipulum was justified by molecular phylogenetic analysis based on ITS-5.8S, LSU and RPB2 regions, and monophyly of Incrucipulum was also confirmed. Some apomorphic characters of Incrucipulum were identified. By addition of three new species, the genus Incrucipulum now contains 13 species.
... They produce stipitate, white apothecia. The morphology of the hairs in these species differs considerably from one species to another (Tanaka and Hosoya 1999), but they commonly bear crystals at the apex of the hairs. They also have thick-walled ectal excipulum composed of cubic cells with granulate surface. ...
... Baral (type species), I. virtembergense (Matheis) Baral, I. capitatum (Peck) Baral, and I. sulphurellum (Peck) Baral]. High morphological similarity was pointed out for I. virtembergense and I. longispineum (Tanaka and Hosoya 1999). Because the molecular phylogeny is congruent with morphology, the genus Incrucipulum is justified, and the following two new combinations are proposed here. ...
Molecular phylogenetic studies were carried out based on ITS-5.8S rDNA, the D1–D2 region of the large subunit rRNA gene, RPB2,
and combined data of D1–D2 and RPB2 as well as these three genes on 36 species among 7 genera for Lachnum and allied genera in the family Hyaloscyphaceae. In the combined data of all three regions, seven strongly supported clades
were obtained. The same clades were also recognized in most of the trees based on each gene, and the combined data of D1–D2
and RPB2, although some of them were not strongly supported. Four clades represented Albotricha, Brunnipila, Incrucipulum, and Lachnellula, respectively, whereas Lachnum was distributed to the remaining three clades. The molecular phylogenies strongly supported a group of species with granulate
hairs, and we suggest the concept of Lachnaceae should be restricted to these species. Based on the molecular phylogenetic
analysis, three new combinations—Incrucipulum longispineum, I. radiatum, and Lachnellula pulverulentum from Lachnum—are proposed.
KeywordsGeneric concept-Hyaloscyphaceae-Lachnaceae-Lachnoid fungi-Taxonomy
... Around 250 species are currently known in the genus (Kirk et al. 2008). Taxonomic studies have been carried out in different regions of the world (Dennis 1949;Otani 1967;Haines & Dumont 1984;Spooner 1987;Sharma 1986;Tanaka & Hosoya 2001;Raitviir 2004;Zhuang 2004). Species identifications were mainly based on morphological features. ...
The feasibility of ITS as a DNA barcode for the genus Lachnum was investigated. Intra-and inter-specific sequence divergences and easiness of sequence acquisition were considered as important criteria to estimate the barcode marker. The results revealed that ITS showed appropriate intra-and inter-specific variations, was able to separate the investigated 22 species of the genus, and was readily PCR amplified and sequenced. We suggest to use ITS as the potential DNA barcode for the genus.
... Otani (1989) published a list of Japanese discomycetes which included 41 taxa of Hyaloscyphaceae to prepare a future volume of discomycetes in " Fungal flora of Japan " . Since then, based on collections throughout Japan (Fig. 2), 29 taxa including 10 newly described species have been added to the list (Hosoya, 2002Hosoya, , 2004 Hosoya & Harada, 1999; Hosoya & Huhtinen, 2002; Hosoya & Otani, 1997a, 1997b; Ono and Hosoya, 2001; Tanaka and Hosoya, 2001). As has been stated by Korf (1958), " for the discosystematist, Japan is a relatively unexplored paradise " . ...
Due to the regional broadening in south and north, Japan embraces a wide range of diver-sified organisms, and Fungi are not the exception. In spite of relatively long historical background in inventory of Japan's mycobiota, first compiled in 1905, much information remains to be added. Cur-rently, rearrangement and databasing of the specimens in the mycological herbarium in National Sci-ence Museum (TNS) have been carried out, and some of the data is publically available. To extend the collection, strategic collection building, based on analysis of the specimens at hand and collabora-tion with other parties, are required. GBIF, an international biological databasing project, provides a good opportunity to integrate information of specimens conserved in the major mycological herbaria in Japan.
Helotiales is one of the most diverse groups of apothecial ascomycetes, including 3000—4000 taxa. Recent progress in the systematics, ecology, and their applications through research is herein reviewed based on the experiences of the author with a special emphasis on activities in Japan. In the past 30 y, more than 50 helotialean taxa have been added to the mycobiota of Japan, including new taxa. With the advent of molecular phylogeny, some families have been revisited, such as members with stroma (Sclerotiniaceae and Rutstroemiaceae) or hairs (Hyaloscyphaceae and Lachnaceae). Although the monophyly of Helotiales has not yet been demonstrated, our understanding of its phylogeny has greatly advanced. The unexpected ecological nature represented by endophytism has been revealed through barcoding and other molecular techniques. The research history of ash dieback is also reviewed, and the endophytism/saprophytism of the pathogen on its original host is discussed. Drug discoveries within Helotiales are reviewed, and successful examples are presented. As future perspectives, both the cumulation of occurrence and sequence data of Helotiales is greatly encouraged to elucidate this important group of fungi.
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Non-lichenised fungi from Fagus crenata, an endemic and major temperate tree species, were enumerated based on three approaches: fungarium specimens at the National Museum of Nature and Science; isolates obtained mainly from leaves and roots, and their molecular identification by barcoding region; and literature. In total, 209, 49, and 232 taxa were recognised from the fungarium specimens, isolates, and literature, respectively. Only three taxa were commonly observed using all three approaches. Moreover, the results demonstrate the diversity of fungi occurring on a single host plant species, and provide the basis for comparisons between fungi from Fagus spp. in other regions of the world.
A new species and a new record of Lachnum are described and illustrated from Taiwan. The new species, Lachnum meifengense, is characterized by its foliicolous habitat, white apothecia, fusiform ascospores, and lanceolate paraphyses. A newly recorded species, Lachnum patenum, is recognized by its white apothecia and long fusiform ascospores.
A list of mycobiota collected during 2001-2004 in the forest along the Sagami Sea shore are provided. Two sites were explored for mycobioata: Jogasaki-kaigan Coast, Ito City, Shizuoka Prefecture, and Imperial Villa in Suzaki, Suzaki Peninsula, Shimoda City, Shizuoka Prefecture. Sixteen genera, 16 species of basidiomycetes, 6 genera, 7 species of ascomycetes, and 2 genera, 2 species of anamorphic fungi were collected in the former site, whereas 30 genera, 33 species of basidiomycetes, 8 genera, 8 species of ascomycetes, and 4 genera 5, species of anamorphic fungi were collected in the later. In total, 65 taxa distributed among 56 genera were listed.
Title compounds (I) exhibit weak antimicrobial activity.
Hyaloscyphaceous discomycetes from the tropical Guangxi, China have been studied. Among them, 24 species belonging to 7 genera were recognized. Albotricha guangxiensis, Lachnum subpygmaeum, Lasiobelonium guangxiense, Parachnopeziza guangxiensis, and Parachnopeziza sinensis are described as new species and Albotricha cf. albotestacea, Arachnopeziza aurata, Lachnum cf. apalum var. beatonii, Lachnum blechnophilum, Lachnum willisii, Lachnum taxonomic sp. #1, Lachnum taxonomic sp. #2, and Praliferodiscus inspersus var. inspersus are recorded for the first time from China.
Three new species and two new Chinese records of the hyaloscyphaceous discomycetes are reported for the Liupan Mountains, Ningxia Province. They are Albotricha kurilensis, Lachnum lunatum sp. nov., Lasiobelonium ningxiaense sp. nov., Polydesmia recta sp. nov., and Urceolella crispula.
In a series of papers I have described numerous species of Hyaloscyphaceae from Europe (Dennis, 1949), tropical America (Dennis, 1954, I958b, I96o), Australia (Dennis, 1958a) and New Zealand (Dennis, 1961). In the follow-ing compilation will be found descriptions and figures of the remaining species of which authentic material has been deposited at Kew under the generic names Dasyscyphus, Erinella, Lachnella, Lachnellula, Solenopezia and Trichopeziza. An attempt has also been made to borrow and describe the type collections of as many as possible of the other species listed by Seaver (1951), after his treatment of Lachnella, as 'Doubtful and excluded Species', with the exception of those preserved at New York State Museum and not accessible to students. A number of other type collections of Hyaloscyphaceae borrowed from various European herbaria have also been included. For convenience of reference the species are arranged in alphabetical order of their specific epithets. In recent years and especially in a recent summary of the Hyaloscyphaceae-Lachneae (Dennis, 1962), I have laid stress on the importance of lanceolate paraphyses in delimiting genera of Helotiales. This holds good for almost all species in which the paraphyses are well developed, i.e. those in which they are at least as long as or overtop the asci. There are, however, a few Hyalo-scyphaceae in which these organs are very slender, feebly developed and scanty or even almost absent, but in which the other characters, especially those of the hairs, are those of Dasyscyphus. Because well developed para-physes are a feature of the 'Discomycetous' hymenium throughout so many genera and families it seems likely that apothecia in which they are feebly developed are t6 be regarded as derivative rather than primitive forms. It also appears doubtful if any close relationship exists between these Da.yscyphus-like species with feebly developed paraphyses. On the contrary there some-times appears to be a closer relationship between individual species with filiform paraphyses and others with lanceolate paraphyses on a similar substrate than there is between members of the first-named group. Such apparent pairs of species are, for example,. Dasyscyphus diminutus and D. fugiens; Dasyscyphus fuscescens and D. acerinus; Dasyscyphus dumorum and D. misellus; where in each case the first named has normal lanceolate paraphyses and the second has them scanty and filiform. It is not claimed that the first species in each pair stands in a directly ancestral relationship to the second. Nevertheless an apparent relationship does exist and I therefore feel it premature to propose distinct genera such as Clavidisculum Kirschstein or Discocistella Svr6ek (1962) to accommodate these few Dasyscyphi with anomalous paraphyses. The name Dasyscyphus dates from S. F. Gray 1821 but from the time of Fuckel 1870 until very recent years the spelling of the name was changed to Dasyscypha. In citations printed below the spelling originally adopted by S. F. Gray has been restored, without comment in most cases, where a name in Dasyscyphus is adopted for current use.
Discomycetes collected from Hainan Island were examined. Twenty-three species and 1 variety belonging to 15 genera were identified. Lachnum hainanense is described as new species and Dasyscyphus singerianus is transferred to Lachnum. Lachnum singerianum and Orbilia cf. fimicola are reported for the first time from China. Previous records from Hainan Island for which specimens are not available are also listed. Fifty-four taxa were found in the areas.
Accounts are given of four species of Zoellneria (Discomycetes) gathered on eucalypt forest floor debris from Victoria, Australia, together with a key to their identification. Zoellneria madsenii is described as new.