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467
Mycoscience 41: 467-472, 2000
Two new species of Marasmiellus from eastern Honshu,
Japan
Haruki Takahashi
1-21-2, Nishitsuruma, Yamato-shi, Kanagawa 242-0005, Japan
Accepted for publication 18 July 2000
Two new species of
Marasmiellus
are described from eastern Honshu, Japan:
Marasmiellus atrostipitatus
sp. nov. (sec-
tion
Rameales
subsection
Opaciml
is characterized by a white pileus and a blackish stipe covered with white pruinose to
flocculose scales.
Marasmiellus brunneocarpus
sp. nov. (section
Tricolores)
has small brownish basidiomata. Both
species occur on
dead
leaves and twigs in
Quercus-Eurya
forests.
Key Words Agaricales; Marasmiellus atrostipitatus; Marasmiellus brunneocarpus; new species.
This paper reports two new species belonging to Maras-
miellus which occur in the lowland forests of eastern
Honshu, Japan. These species are described and illus-
trated with photographs showing macromorphological
features. Color notations in parentheses are taken from
Kornerup and Wanscher (1978). Specimens cited are
preserved in Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Natural
History, Japan (KPM).
Species descriptions
Marasmiellus atrostipitatus
Har. Takahashi, sp. nov.
Figs. 1,2
Pileo 4-12 mm tato, primo hemisphaerico, dein
plano-convexo, striato-sulcato, glabro vel subtomentoso,
albo; odore alliaceo; sapore nullo; stipite 6-18x0.2-1
ram, subaequali vel deorsum leviter attenuato, centrali
vel parum excentrico, cavo, ad basim nigro, superne pal-
lide brunneo et pruinoso, inferne flocculoso; mycelio
basali non affixo; lamellis adnexis, distantibus, albis, mar-
gine fimbriatis; basidiosporis 7-9 x 3.5-4.5 ffm, oblongo-
ellipsoideis, levibus, hyalinis, inamyloideis; basidiis
22-29x 5-8 ffm, tetrasporis; cheilocystidiis 19-55 x
8-15 fire, abundantibus, clavatis vel irregulariter clava-
tis, diverticulatis; pleurocystidiis nullis; pileipelle ex
hyphis repentibus cylindricis vix vel non inflatis 2-11 pm
latis hyalinis tenuiparietalibus cure diverticulis copiosis
verruciformibus vel digitiformibus instructibus constanti;
caulocystidiis clavatis vel subcylindraceis, levibus vel
diverticulatis, crassitunicatis; hyphis fibulatis.
Holotypus: In ramulis arboris delapsis et ad foliam
emortuam arboris frondosae in silva, Yamato-shi,
Kanagawa-ken, Japonia, 24 Jul. 1998, H.Takahashi
(KPM-NC-0005075).
Etymology: atrostipitatus, referrring to the blackish
stipe.
Pileus 4-12 mm in diam, at first hemispherical with
involute margin, then piano-convex, often with slightly
depressed center, at first smooth but soon radially sul-
cate-striate almost to the disk, glabrous or slightly
tomentose under lens, pure white, often with undulating
marginal zone. Flesh very thin (up to 0.5 mm), white;
odor alliaceous in age; taste none. Stipe 6-18x0.2-1
ram, almost equal, slightly tapering toward the base, cen-
tral or somewhat eccentric, slender, terete, hollow, pale
brownish above, blackish brown to almost black below,
white pruinose in upper part, becoming flocculose
toward the insititious base. Lamellae adnexed, distant
(10-1 5 reach the stipe), somewhat broad (up to 1.5 mm
broad), thin, white; edges fimbriate, concolorous.
Spore print pure white. Basidiospores 7-9x
3.5-4.5 ffm [Q=length/breadth: 2], ellipsoid to oblong,
smooth, colorless, inamyloid, thin-walled. Basidia
22-29x 5-8 ffm, clavate, four-spored. Basidioles sub-
clavate to fusiform. Cheilocystidia 19-55x 8-15 ffm,
abundant, clavate to irregularly clavate, often with a vari-
able number of digitate, 2-12 ffm long projections, color-
less, thin-walled. Pleurocystidia absent. Hymeno-
phoral trama subregular to irregular; element hyphae
similar to those of the pileitrama. Pileipellis a cutis with
well-developed Rameales-structure; constituent hyphae
2-11 ffm wide, parallel, cylindric, inflated or not, with
abundant warty or finger-like protuberances, colorless,
thin-walled, without clamped septa. Hyphae of pileitra-
ma 3-17/~m wide, subparallel, cylindric, often inflated,
walls thin, smooth, colorless, inamyloid, without
clamped septa. Stipitipellis a cutis of parallel, repent
hyphae 2.5-6 ffm wide, cylindric, often encrusted with
granules of brown pigment, with inamyloid, brown walls
up to 1 ffm thick, without clamped septa; caulocystidia
15-28 x 5-15/~m, abundant, clavate to subcylindric,
smooth or with a few broad, irregular to knob-like diverti-
cula 5-12x3-8 ffm, colorless or brown, inamyloid,
slightly thick-walled (up to 1 ffm thick). Stipe trama com-
posed of longitudinally running, cylindric hyphae 4-9 ffm
wide, unbranched, smooth, colorless or light brown, in-
468 H. Takahashi
Fig. 1.
A. Basidiospores. B. Basidium and basidioles.
D. Elements of the pileipellis. E. Caulocystidia.
P
u duO0
Marasmiellus atrostipitatus.
C. Cheilocystidia.
Scales: 10/~m. All figures from the holotype.
amyloid, slightly thick-walled (up to 1 /~m thick), oc-
casionally with clamped septa.
Known distribution: Japan (Kanagawa).
Habitat: Solitary to caespitose, on dead leaves and
twigs in lowland forests dominated by Quercus myr-
sinaefolia Blume and Euryajaponica Thunb., from June to
September, not common.
Holotype: KPM-NC-O005075, on dead leaves and
twigs under broad-leaved trees, Yamato-shi, Kanagawa-
ken, 24 Jul. 1998.
Other specimens examined: on dead leaves and
twigs under broad-leaved trees, Yamato-shi, Kanagawa-
ken, 4 Jul. 1999; ibid. 12 Jul. 1999
Japanese name: Shimofuri-ashigurotake.
Notes: This species is characterized by its pure white
pileus, the conspicuously white pruinose to flocculose,
blackish stipe, basidiospores less than 10 ,um long, cla-
vate cheilocystidia with a few finger-like projections, and
the pileipellis with a distinct Rameales-structure. The
combination of these features suggests that this species
belongs in the section Rameales (J. Lange) Singer, sub-
section OpaciniSinger (Singer, 1973, 1986). Within the
section Rameales, the closest related species is Maras-
miellus stypinoides (Perch) Pegler (Pegler, 1986) from Sri
Lanka, which differs in having an umbilicate pileus, a
nigrescent (at first white) stipe, and absence of garlic
odor. Marasmiellus nigripes (Schwein.) Singer, the type
species of the section Nigripedes Singer, has superficial
resemblance to M. atrostipitatus, but it can be readily
differentiated because of its stellate-cruciform basidio-
spores. European Marasmiellus trabutii (R. Maire) Sin-
ger (Antonfn and Noordeloos, 1993), which belongs in
the section Tricolores Singer, is also similar in appearance
but differs in having adnate to subdecurrent lamellae,
much longer basidiospores (12.5-17.5 pm: Antonfn and
Noordeloos, 1993), and irregularly cylindric
Two new
Marasrniellus
469
Fig. 2. Basidiomata of
Marasmiellus atrostipitatus.
Scales: 5ram. All figures from theholotype.
cheilocystidia and caulocystidia.
Marasmiellus brunneocarpus
Har. Takahashi, sp. nov.
Figs. 3,4
Pileo 4-8 mm lato, primo hemisphaerico, dein con-
vexo, mox applanato et centro depresso, striato-su!cato,
fibrilloso vel tomentoso, rubro-brunneo vel brunneolo;
odore saporeque nullo; stipite 8-12 x 0.3-1 mm, subae-
quali vel ad basim leviter incrassato, centrali vel parum
excentrico, cavo, ad basim brunneo, pruinoso Vel floc-
culoso; mycelio basali non affixo; lamellis adnexis, distan-
tibus, albis, margine fimbriatis; basidiosporis
9-12.5 x 2.5-3 #m, subcylindraceis, levibus, hyalinis, in-
amyloideis; basidiis 28-36 x 4.5-6/~m, bisporis;
cheilocystidiis 27-55 x 12-18/~m, abundantibus, clava-
tis vel subglobosis, diverticulatis; pleurocystidiis nullis;
pileipelle ex hyphis repentibus cylindricis vix vel non infla-
tis 2.5-10 pm latis hyalinis tenuiparietalibus cum diver-
ticulis copiosis verruciformibus vel digitiformibus instruc-
tibus constanti; hyphis fibulatis.
Holotypus: In ramulis arboris delapsis et ad foliam
emortuam arboris frondosae in silva, Yamato-shi,
Kanagawa-ken, Japonia, 15 Jun. 1998, H. Takahashi
(KPM-NC-O005076).
Etymology:
brunneocarpus,
referrring to the
brownish basidiomata.
Pileus 4-8 mm in diam, at first hemispherical with in-
volute margin, then convex, finally applanate with slight-
ly depressed center, at first smooth but soon radially
grooved, minutely appressed fibrillose to felted-tomen-
tose, reddish brown (8E6-8E7) to brown (7E6-7E7), paler
toward the crenulate margin. Flesh very thin (up to 0.5
mm), white; odor and taste not distinctive. Stipe
8-12 • 0.3-1 mm, almost equal but sometimes subbul-
bous or slightly swollen at the base, central or some-
what eccentric, slender, terete, hollow, deep con-
colorous with the pileus, paler toward the apex, white
pruinose to flocculose overall; base insititious. Lamellae
adnexed, distant (1 5-1 8 reach the stipe), narrow (up to
1.2 mm broad), thin, white; edges fimbriate, con-
colorous.
Spore print pure white. Basidiospores 9-12.5x
2.5-3 #m [Q=length/breadth: 3.8], subcylindric,
smooth, colorless, inamyloid, thin-walled. Basidia
28-36 x 4.5-6 #m, clavate, two-spored. Basidioles cla-
vate to subclavate. Cheilocystidia 27-55 x 12-18 #m,
abundant, clavate to subglobose, with numerous, up to
10 • 3 #m, finger-like or coralloid protuberances in upper
part, colorless, thin-walled. Pleurocystidia absent.
Hymenophoral trama subregular to irregular; element
hyphae similar to those of the pileitrama. Pileipellis a cu-
tis with strongly developed Rameales-structure; con-
470 H. Takahashi
D
E
J
Fig. 3.
Marasmiellus brunneocarpus.
A. Basidiospores. B. Basidia and basidioles.
Scales: 10 pm. All figures from the holotype.
C. Cheilocystidia.
D. Elements of the pileipellis. E. Elements of stipitipellis.
stituent hyphae 2.5-10/~m wide, interwoven, cylindric,
somewhat inflated, with abundant warty or finger-like
protuberances, with granules of brown pigment among
the hyphae, thin-walled. Hyphae of pileitrama 3-13/~m
wide, subparallel, cylindric, somewhat inflated, walls
thin, smooth, colorless, inamyloid. Stipitipellis a cutis of
parallel, repent hyphae 2.5-7 pm wide, cylindric, diver-
ticulate, with smooth, inamyloid, brown walls up to 1 /~m
thick. Stipe trama composed of longitudinally running,
cylindric hyphae 4-8/~m wide, unbranched, with
smooth, inamyloid, colorless or light brown walls up to
1.5 pm thick. Clamps present in all tissues.
Known distribution: Japan (Kanagawa).
Habitat: Solitary to caespitose, on dead leaves and
twigs in lowland forests dominated by
Quercus myr-
sinaefolia
Blume and
Euryajaponica
Thunb., from June to
September, not common.
Holotype: KPM-NC-O005076, on dead leaves and
twigs under broad-leaved trees, Yamato-shi, Kanagawa-
ken, 15 Jun. 1998.
Other specimens examined: on dead leaves and
twigs under broad-leaved trees, Yamato-shi, Kanagawa-
ken, 28 Sept. 1998; ibid. 12 Jul. 1999.
Japanese name: Futatsumi-karebatake.
Notes: The collybioid basidiomata, the more than 10
/~m long basidiospores, and the pileipellis with a distinct
Rameales-structure suggest placement of this species in
the section
Tricolores
Singer (Singer, 1973, 1986). Wi-
thin the section,
M. brunneocarpus
is closely allied with
North American
Marasmiellus pluvinus
Redhead (Des-
jardin, 1987; Redhead, 1982). The latter species,
however, differs in having four-spored basidia, thick-
walled, clavate to vesiculose pileipellis elements with api-
cal diverticulae, and habitat on senescent leaves of
conifers.
Marasmiellus ramealis
(Bull.: Fr.) Singer var.
macrosporus
(Courtec.) Antonfn & Noordel. (Antonfn and
Noordeloos, 1993; Courtecuisse, 1986) from France,
which belongs to the subsection
Ramealini
Singer of the
Two new Marasmiellus 471
Figs. 4. Basidiomata of
Marasrniellus brunneocarpus.
A, B. Mature basidioma. C. Immature basidioma.
from the holotype.
D. Underside view.
ScaLes: A, B=4mm; C 2ram; D--2 mm.
All figures
472 H. Takahashi
section
Rameales
(J.Lange) Singer, also has two-spored
basidia and similar cheilocystida. This species differs
from
M. brunneocarpus
in forming cream-pinkish to pale
ochraceous basidiomata with subdecurrent lamellae, and
much larger basidiosores (10-16.5 X 3-5/~m: Antonfn
and Noordeloos, 1993).
Acknowledgement I am grateful to Dr, Yousuke Degawa
(KPM) for allowing the specimens cited to be kept in the Kanaga-
wa Prefectural Museum of Natural History.
Literature cited
Antonfn, V. and Noordeloos,M.E. 1993. A Monograph of
Maras-
rnius, Collybia
and related genera in Europe. Part 1 .:
Maras,
mius, Setulipe s. and Marasmiellus,
Lib. Bot. 8: i-229.
Courtecuisse, R. 1986. Macromycetes interessants, rares ou
nouveaux IV. Tricholomatales. Doc. Mycol. 16(62):
23-46.
Desjardin, D.E. 1987. 7. Tricholomataceae. I Marasmioid fungi:
the genera
Baeospora, Crinipellis, Marasmiellus, Maras-
mius, Micromphale,
and
Strobilurus.
In: The Agaricales
(g!lled fungi) of California (ed by Thiers, H.D.). Mad River
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Kornerup, A. and Wanscher, J.H. 1978. Methuen handbook of
colour, 3rd. ed. Methuen & Co., London
Pegler, D.N. 1986. Agaric flora of Sri Lanka. Kew Bulletin Add.
Ser. XlI. Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London.
Redhead, S.A. 1982. Fungi Canadenses 216.
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ptuvinus.
Agaric. Canada, Ottawa.
Singer, R. 1973. The genera
Marasrniellus, Crepidotus
and
Sirnocybe
in the Neotropics. Beih. Nova Hedwig. 44:
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