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Are Individual Differences Germane to the Acceptance of New Information Technologies?
Abstract
Persuading users to adopt new information technologies persists as an important problem confronting those responsible for implementing new information systems. In order to better understand and manage the process of new technology adoption, several theoretical models have been proposed, of which the technology acceptance model (TAM) has gained considerable support. Beliefs and attitudes represent significant constructs in TAM. A parallel research stream suggests that individual difference factors are important in information technology acceptance but does not explicate the process by which acceptance is influenced. The objective of this paper is to clarify this process by proposing a theoretical model wherein the relationship between individual differences and IT acceptance is hypothesized to be mediated by the constructs of the technology acceptance model. In essence then, these factors are viewed as influencing an individual's beliefs about an information technology innovation; this relationship is further supported by drawing upon extensive research in learning. The theoretical model was tested in an empirical study of 230 users of an information technology innovation. Results confirm the basic structure of the model, including the mediating role of beliefs. Results also identify several individual difference variables that have significant effects on TAM's beliefs. Theoretical contributions and practical implications that follow are discussed.
... The ability to accept, adapt, and survive in a new learning context is the component of change readiness [4]. Furthermore, Personal innovativeness is considered a crucial aspect in fostering a positive attitude regarding the acceptance and implementation of novel technology [5]. ...
... Based on this, the research integrated the innovativeness component of the lecturers using the TAM model as a foundation. Personal innovativeness refers to an individual's inclination to embrace change and explore the possibilities of information technology through experimentation [5]. role in personal invention and greatly influences the intention to use information technologies [5], [6]. ...
... Personal innovativeness refers to an individual's inclination to embrace change and explore the possibilities of information technology through experimentation [5]. role in personal invention and greatly influences the intention to use information technologies [5], [6]. This study will specifically investigate the mechanisms involved in personal innovation during learning activities. ...
Adoption and intention to use online learning is a developing area of education research. Despite a large body of research on online learning acceptance, more is needed to know about the factors that impact lecturers' intentions to continue utilizing online learning. The purpose of this study is to give empirical evidence regarding the acceptance of online learning. The proposed model is based on the technology acceptance model (TAM). Several hypotheses were created using the TAM Model, utilizing lecturers' personal innovativeness as an external varaibel. This study used structural equation modeling (SEM-PLS) to investigate technology use among 180 lecturers. The findings suggested that the proposed model accurately predicted the desire to continue using e-learning. Lecturers' innovativeness had a significant impact on perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEOU), and intention to continue using e-learning. Perceived usefulness was the most important factor influencing the intention to continue using e-learning. PEO had a significant influence on PU and PU was able to mediate the relationship between LPI and PEO with CI. However, PEO did not.
... The focus is now on the methodology of Sarstedt et al. (2017), which entails resampling the original dataset (with replacement) and then calculating the desired statistics for each resample. The research team ran 5000 resampling trials, as recommended by Sarstedt et al. (2017) Personal innovativeness refers to the disposition and aptitude of an individual to adopt new technology and engage in innovative behaviours Agarwal and Prasad (1999), Lu et al. (2016) E-Trust (ETR) E-trust is a user's confidence and trust in the dependability, integrity and security of electronic transactions and interactions Kim et al. (2011) System Quality (SQU) System quality refers to a particular technology's or system's perceived technical performance, reliability and efficiency DeLone and McLean (1992), Tan et al. (2021) Information Quality (IQU) ...
... Though the speedy upgrade of fintech, which includes neobanks, has made the world more knowledgeable about some areas of financial consumption, room for improvement is still there. The purpose of this research is to put things right by pointing out that consumer innovativeness, ETR, SQU, IQU, and service quality can be the most important determinants of consumer behaviour intention (Agarwal and Prasad, 1999;Lu et al., 2016). Consequently, this study's contribution to the general perspective of challenges to the adoption of neobanks, which is a focus of most previous studies, can be explained by the fact that it not only covers risk, ...
... How willing are you to explore and adopt neo-banking services to manage your financial transactions and activities? Agarwal and Prasad (1999), Lu et al., (2016) To what extent do you actively seek out and embrace innovative neo-banking solutions for your financial needs? How comfortable are you with using advanced digital tools and technologies offered by neobanks? ...
Purpose
This study aims to integrate Delone and McLean’s information system success (DMISS) model with the innovation resistance model to evaluate the relationship between behavioural intention to use (BIU) and innovation resistance in the context of neo-banking. The primary objective of this study is to identify the drivers of neo-banking adoption and the barriers to its adoption and incorporate constructs such as e-trust (ETR) and personal innovativeness (PIV) to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing neo-banking adoption.
Design/methodology/approach
A structured survey-based questionnaire was used to gather data from a diverse sample population in India. The Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) model was employed to further examine the adoption of neobanking services and users' intention to use neobanking services.
Findings
This study reveals a significant correlation between BIU and the uptake of neobanking services, demonstrating the value of consumers' readiness to embrace these offerings. However, resistance to usage has emerged as a major obstacle for consumers concerned about data security, technology reluctance and perceived risks associated with digital-only neobanks.
Research limitations/implications
Analysing the driving and restraining factors will provide substantial information on the formation of consumers' decision-making processes in the Indian banking industry, which is undergoing rapid digital transformation. This information is of great importance to scholars, practitioners and policymakers, as it highlights the factors that may facilitate or impede the adoption of neobanking in India. The outcomes of this analysis will be of particular interest to researchers, experts and stakeholders in the field as they will provide valuable insights into the dynamics of consumer behaviour in the Indian banking sector.
Originality/value
This study represents an initial effort to examine BIUs and usage resistance within the rapidly developing neobanking sector in India. The findings of this study build on the existing research in this area and contribute to the ongoing discussion on the adoption of neo-banking.
... TAM is the most widely used framework for studying how people interact with and benefit from new technologies. TAM has excellent empirical evidence and is commonly utilized by information systems researchers [14], [24], [25]. Given that TAM is derived from TRA, the theoretical parallels between TAM, TRA, and TPB are not coincidence. ...
... Attitude is the consequence of a person's assessment of the use of a specific information system application. A person's affective response to new technology is defined as their attitude [24]. The level of trust a person has impacts whether they will accept or reject a technology. ...
... A person's affective response to new technology is defined as attitude [24] have faith in its dependability. Consumer attitudes can be revealed by the beliefs held and the brand chosen. ...
Online learning is a technology-based system, hence a process is required to ensure that students can embarace the technology, as the success or failure of a technology is determined by how well the user accepts it. Therefore, understanding the factors that drive the use of online learning is essential. This study aims to contribute to the literature on online learning in higher education during the COVID-19 epidemic by investigating the relationship between self-awareness and student acceptance of online learning. Several hypotheses were constructed using the TAM Model to investigate the relationship between the TAM construct and self-awareness as an antecedent. This study employed structural equation modeling (SEM-PLS) to investigate how 390 students in East Jakarta used online learning. The findings of this study revealed that self-awareness had a significant effect on perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and attitude, but it had no direct impact on the intention to continue using e-learning. Students' attitudes were considerably influenced by perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. Perceived usefulness was the most influential factor on student attitudes, and attitude was a strong predictor of intention to continue utilizing online learning. The proposed model accurately predicted attitudes and intentions to continue to use e-learning.
... Also, relying on past literature, 12 control variables were included to enhance the validity and reliability of research outcomes [48]. Control variables include gender [39,49,50], age [24, 49,51], years of experience, role, sense of belonging to the institution, geographical location [52], level of digitalization of the institution [53], innovation propensity [54], risk propensity [55,56], digital competencies [22,51], interest towards digital technology [57,58], and opinion of the patients' competencies [59,60]. ...
... Also, relying on past literature, 12 control variables were included to enhance the validity and reliability of research outcomes [48]. Control variables include gender [39,49,50], age [24, 49,51], years of experience, role, sense of belonging to the institution, geographical location [52], level of digitalization of the institution [53], innovation propensity [54], risk propensity [55,56], digital competencies [22,51], interest towards digital technology [57,58], and opinion of the patients' competencies [59,60]. ...
National healthcare systems face multiple challenges, including the increasing demand for care and decreasing availability of healthcare professionals. Digital health technologies represent opportunities that offer improved efficiency, accessibility, and patient care. In this scenario, Digital Therapeutics are technological advancements to treat or alleviate a disease and deliver a medical intervention with evidence-based therapeutic impacts and regulatory approval. Digital Therapeutics are a paradigm shift for physicians, who exercise caution in terms of trust and wide usage. Digital Therapeutics represents an opportunity and a challenge in healthcare system integration. The research investigates the factors explaining physicians’ acceptance of Digital Therapeutics. A research model that combines organizational mechanisms derived from Institutional Theory and rational factors derived from the Technology Acceptance model was developed. The model was tested through 107 responses from a survey distributed to the members of the leading Italian scientific society in Diabetology. Literature-based hypotheses were empirically tested through Structural Equation Modelling. The analysis confirmed the influence of Perceived Ease of Use on Perceived Usefulness and Perceived Usefulness on the Intention To Use Digital Therapeutics. Rules and norms impact Perceived Usefulness when considering the influence of the scientific society. Culture and mindset towards innovation within the hospital positively affect Perceived Ease of Use. The readiness of hospital facilities enhances the extent to which physicians perceive the ease of employing Digital Therapeutics in their daily practice. Instead, esteemed colleagues’ opinions and guidelines from the scientific society reveal to physicians the value of Digital Therapeutics in patients’ care pathways. Institutions should prioritize cultural, normative, and regulative aspects to accelerate physicians’ endorsement of Digital Therapeutics. Findings advance the theoretical knowledge around clinicians’ adoption of innovative digital health technologies, unveiling the interaction between rational and institutional factors. The results highlight practical implications for healthcare institutions and Digital Therapeutics manufacturers willing to promote their adoption.
... Daha dar anlamıyla bireysel yenilikçilik, toplumda bir bireyin ortaya konulan yeniliği diğer bireylere göre daha hızlı benimsemesi ve kullanması (Adıgüzel vd., 2014;Koçak ve Önen, 2012), başka bir deyişle bireylerin yeni fikir ve uygulamaları kabul ederek riskten kaçmamasını ve yeni deneyimlere açık olmasını ifade etmektedir (Işık& Hajiyeva, 2018). Teknolojik açıdan bakıldığında ise bireysel yenilikçilik, bireyin gelişen teknolojilere (yeni nesil teknolojiler) uyum sağlaması, bu teknolojileri denemesi ve hayatında kullanmaya yönelik istekli olma hali anlamına gelmektedir (Agarwal & Prasad, 1999-Akt. Atlı, 2019. ...
... 1986' da Davis'in doktora tezinde ortaya koyduğu bu model literatürde güvenilir bir kaynak olarak görülmekte, yaygın olarak kullanılmakta ve diğer araşırmacılar tarafından kabul görmektedir (Venkatesh, 2000;Venkatesh & Davis, 1996 ;Turan ve Çolakoğlu, 2008;Gefen, Karahanna & Straub, 2003;2000;Şenel, 2011;Yıldırır & Kaplan, 2019;Agarwal & Prasad, 1999;Çelik, 2009;Erdem, 2011;Taşlıyan, Bıyıkbeyi & Demirbanka, 2017;King & He, 2006: 740;Eren & Kaya, 2016;Uğur & Turan, 2016;Winkler, König & Kleinmann, 2013;Wang, 2002;Özbek vd., 2014b:;Turan, 2011;Ursavaş, Şahin & Mcilroy, 2014;Fettahlıoğlu, Birin & Yıltay, 2018). Şekil 2' de gösterilen dışsal etkenler bireyin kişisel özelliklerini, geçmiş deneyimlerini, bireysel yenilikçilik düzeyini vb. ...
Bu çalışmada, hava yollarının mobil uygulamalarının 465 yerli turist tarafından algılanan kullanım kolaylığı ve algılanan fayda boyutlarında, bireysel yenilikçilik düzeyleri ve demografik özelliklerine göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık olup olmadığı araştırılmıştır. Bunun için sekiz adet ana ve 16 adet alt hipotez oluşturulmuştur. SPSS 25.0 istatistik paket programı kullanılarak parametrik testler ile analizler yapılmıştır. Bireysel yenilikçilik, düzeyleri, yenilikçi, öncü, sorgulayıcı, kuşkucu ve gelenekçi olmak üzere beş sınıfa ayrılmıştır. Demografik özellikler ise cinsiyet, yaş, eğitim durumu, meslek, düzenli uçak seyahati, uçakla seyahat etme sıklığı ve internet kullanım sıklığı olmak üzere yedi kategoriye ayrılmıştır. Veriler normal dağılım sergilediği için hipotezleri test ederken SPSS programında parametrik testler yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda, katılımcıların bireysel yenilikçilik puanları arttıkça, hava yollarının mobil uygulamalarına yönelik algılanan kullanım kolaylığı ve algılanan fayda boyutu ortalamalarının da arttığı tespit edilmiştir. Katılımcıların cinsiyetlerine, yaşlarına, eğitim durumlarına, mesleklerine ve düzenli uçak seyahatlerine göre teknoloji kabul düzey ortalamalarında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark tespit edilmemiştir. Katılımcıların uçak seyahati sıklıkları arttıkça, havayollarının mobil uygulamalarına yönelik algılanan kullanım kolaylığı ve algılanan fayda boyutu ortalamalarının da arttığı ortaya çıkmıştır. Ayrıca, katılımcıların interneti kullanma sıklıkları arttıkça, havayollarının mobil uygulamalarına yönelik algılanan kullanım kolaylığı boyutu ortalamalarının da arttığı görülmüştür. Fakat, katılımcıların internet kullanım sıklıklarına göre algılanan fayda boyutu ortalamalarında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunamamıştır.
... H1a, b: The relative advantage has a direct positive effect on PU/PEU of biofuels. Agarwal and Prasad (1999) asserted a positive relationship between an individual's prior compatible experiences and the new technology acceptance. They found that the extent of prior experience with similar technologies was positively associated with an ease of use belief about a technology innovation. ...
Biofuels are drawing increasing attention on worldwide as substitutes for fossil fuels to help address energy cost, energy security and global warming. Vietnam is an agricultural country and high rates of economic growth last decade led to growing energy demands. When the fossil fuel is becoming exhausted, petroleum price is continuously increasing; finding new power resource, renewable power, to replace fossil fuels is an essential solution. This study aims to investigate factors affecting consumers' adoption and intention to use biofuels. Combining the Innovation Diffusion Theory with the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the present study proposed an extended technology acceptance model. The proposed model was tested with data collected from 302 consumers using biofuels in Vietnam. The structural equation modeling (SEM) technique was employed with the Amos program to explain the acceptance process. We explored the relationships between five innovative characteristics and the perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEU), as well as between PU, PEU, attitude and intention to use biofuels. Overall, the research model and the hypotheses were confirmed. PU is positively affected by relative advantage, compatibility and complexity. On the other hand, observatability and trialability have significant relationships with PEU. The results also show that the TAM holds true for biofuels in Vietnam. We showed that PU, PEOU have positive relationship with attitude of biofuel, whereas attitude significantly influenced intention to use it. The authors suggested that there was potential for application and development of biofuels in Vietnam. Thus, it was necessary that the government should help consumers confirm or increase their perception positively through biofuels.
... To assess the knowledge about AI, we used an adapted version of the domain-specific consumer knowledge scale (see, e.g., Mitchell and Dacin 1996), including seven items showing a reliability of α = .69. Moreover, we measured the intention to use AI by drawing on methodologies from previous studies (Agarwal and Prasad 1999;Venkatesh and Davis 1996). The adapted version of the measure consists of two seven-point Likert scale items assessing the intention to use and increase the use of AI. ...
We conducted an online experiment with 243 medical professionals, comparing the number of irrational risky choices between two experimental treatments. In one treatment, we labeled the source of information as AI estimates; in the other treatment, the identical information was labeled as scientific estimates. We defined irrational choices as deviations from normative decision theories represented by cognitive biases, e.g., risky choice framing effects. We further expected individual characteristics of decision makers, i.e., AI anxiety, AI knowledge, and intention to use AI, to influence rationality further. We found a significant reduction in irrational choices when the information was labeled as AI estimates compared to scientific estimates. Contrary to expectations, increasing AI anxiety was associated with fewer irrational choices. However, knowledge about AI and the intention to use it did not influence rationality. Our findings provide implications for designing and implementing AI information systems in medical decision-making processes.
... TAM is a theoretical framework that explains how users perceive, accept, and use technology [17]. TAM focuses on the factors influencing users' decisions and beliefs in various contexts such as organizational, educational, and electronic collaboration [18][19][20]. TAM was proposed by Davis [8], who identified perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use as two fundamental determinants of a user's acceptance of technology. To date, TAM has been broadly adopted to explore and explain students' beliefs, attitudes, and intentions in VLEs [21,22]. ...
This study explored the relationship between technology acceptance and learning satisfaction within a virtual learning environment (VLE) with cognitive presence, cognitive engagement, social presence, and emotional engagement as mediators. A total of 237 university students participated and completed a questionnaire after studying in the Virbela VLE. The results revealed direct and indirect links between technology acceptance and virtual learning satisfaction. The mediation analysis showed the critical mediating roles of cognitive presence and emotional engagement in fostering satisfaction. There also appeared to be a sequential mediating pathway from technology acceptance to learning satisfaction through social presence and emotional engagement. Notably, cognitive engagement and social presence did not have a significant mediating effect on satisfaction. These results provide a supplementary perspective on how technological, cognitive, and emotional factors can enhance student satisfaction in VLEs. The study concludes with several implications for future research and practice of VLEs in higher education.
... Moreover, individual innovativeness is also associated with a person's opinion about whether a particular activity is unique, which brings excitement and interest and a willingness to try it (Nov, Ye, 2008). Finally, people who are innovative are often active seekers of information about new ideas (Agarwal, Prasad, 1999), advocates, and ambassadors of new ideas (Rogers, 2003). For example, Rogers (1983) argues that an individual's propensity to innovate determines acceptance or rejection of new technology. ...
... Finally, demographic characteristics have been focused on exploring the issues related to the diffusion of innovation [11,42,72]. Several studies have investigated how differences in age, gender, and education impact the adoption of innovative technologies [10,11,42,73]. ...
While smart cities have been initiated by various city governments around the world in recent years, digital transformations with regard to services have become essential for a city to be smart. Nonetheless, few previous studies have explored the adoption intentions toward smart city services, especially from a perspective of social learning. This study aims to investigate the factors that influence the adoption intentions toward smart city services among users. Based on social learning theory, this study develops a research model that integrates adoption intentions and five factors: perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, trust, social influence, and government support. This study examined this model via survey data from 940 respondents in Taiwan. The results reveal that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and trust have positive effects on adoption intentions and that social influence and government support have impacts on adoption intentions through trust. The results offer a useful reference for other countries in the early stages of smart city initiatives, and they have significant theoretical implications for researchers in the areas of smart cities and innovative service adoption.
... The points ranged from 1 to 5, given as 1 indicates strongly disagree, 2 indicates disagree, 3 indicates neutral, 4 indicates agree and 5 indicates strongly agree. Seven items for perceived usefulness and seven items for perceived ease of use were adapted originally from Davis, 31 four items for attitude were adapted from Taylor and Todd 33 and Park, 34 three items for behavioural intention to use were adapted from Taylor and Todd, 33 Agrawal and Prasad, 35 Venkatesh. 36 We assessed Cronbach alpha coefficients for adapted TAM that obtained 0.86. ...
Background
Dengue has emerged as a significant public health issue in Nepal since 2006, necessitating innovative approaches to disseminating timely information and promoting preventive behaviour. Our study focuses on developing and pretesting a mobile health app called NepaDengue, assessing its acceptance and factors influencing its implementation.
Methods
A concurrent triangulation mixed-method design was used, and an intervention was conducted among 228 university students using the mobile application. Acceptability was assessed using the technology acceptance model (TAM) based on user experiences over 1 week. Focus group discussions among students and female community health volunteers and key informant interviews among key dengue stakeholders were conducted to explore facilitators and barriers. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and a thematic analysis was conducted.
Results
The high acceptability mean rating scores reported based on the TAM construct indicate that the application is perceived as useful and easy to use and exhibits good functioning and gestural design. The use of the NepaDengue application for dengue prevention and control activities has been perceived as acceptable by users and stakeholders. However, specific barriers were identified, including concerns about sustained usability, illiteracy and limited access to the internet and smartphones. We suggested promoting the application, fostering government ownership and encouraging collaboration to enhance its reach and effective implementation.
Conclusions
The NepaDengue application has been perceived as a promising tool for dengue prevention and control in Nepal. Further piloting and implementation of the app in the community setting is recommended.
... Sixth, observability barriers signify the degree to which a consumer believes innovation cannot be disseminated to others (Rogers, 2003). Customers lack knowledge about the new products that are difficult to explain to other consumers and spread the innovation widely (Agarwal & Prasad, 1999). Finally, trialability barriers represent no trial opportunity to use innovation in an environment or during a specific period (Kuisma et al., 2007;Molesworth & Suortti, 2002). ...
... The five-item scale of Chen and Chang (2018) was employed to capture the richness of media. The survey further included the four-item scale of Agarwal and Prasad (1999) intention to use video game media using the four-item scale of Agarwal and Karahanna (2000) and the three-item scale of Liu et al was administered. (2009). ...
The precipitously changing business models have catalyzed new communication forms, conveying revolutionary patterns of engagement between consumers. In the video game industry, innumerable media have gained a solid development pace to engage users with game-related content. This research reconnoiters video game structure's perceived usefulness, enjoyment, and media richness. Explicitly (i.e. mass interpersonal, and mass personal communication) influenced users' attitudes and intentions to use the video game and the media, with the nucleus on the Philippines as a developing country milieu. Survey data from 590 participants were amassed using a homogenous purposive sampling method and evaluated the research constructs through confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. The outcomes disclosed that (i.e. usefulness, enjoyment, and media richness) of the live-streaming platform positively impacted users' attitudes toward the video game and the media. Conversely, in the multigroup analysis, heterogeneity exists among the effect of media format's characteristics on users' attitudes and intention to use the game. The richness of video game-related media conveyed through mass communication channels has no significant effect on Filipino users' attitudes toward video games. Building on these findings, video game operators can improve user experience by (1) conceding the role of mass personal communication through livestream activations and streamer collaboration, (2) centering on informative video game content through mass communication channels, (3) integrating compelling storytelling, relatable commentary, or avenues for community interaction to uplift the overall user experience, propagating both positive attitudes and a sense of enjoyment among users.
... Education also has a big impact on people's acceptance of technology. A p ositive correlation exists between educatio n and usage intention [52][53][54]. Numerous studies have demonstrated that age moderates the association between inten t io n t o use technology and perceived ease of use [50]. Gender has an impact on perceived ease use, and people with lower levels of education frequently view technology as being difficult to master, which in turn affects their willingness to use such technologies [55,56]. ...
This research examines the factors influencing the adoption of Fintech services in Indonesia, focusing on perceived risk, perceived benefit, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, trust, and Fintech usage intention. Data from 317 users of payment Fintech services in Indonesia was collected through a Google Form questionnaire and analyzed using Smart PLS 4.0. The study reveals that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and trust significantly impact Fintech usage intention and subsequent behavior, particularly among millennials and Gen Z. Customer attributes such as age and gender show minimal impact, while education level, especially advanced degrees, strengthens the link between perceived usefulness and intention to use. The results contribute to understanding the Fintech sector in Indonesia and suggest potential areas for future research. The study is limited to payment Fintech in Indonesia and recommends broadening the scope for future research. To enhance future research, it is recommended to broaden the study scope to include various fintech types, expand the geographical coverage for diverse results, and encompass a wider range of ages and education levels among respondents for a more comprehensive understanding of fintech adoption.
... We utilized the five-item and the four-item scales of Sjöblom and Hamari (2017) for usefulness and enjoyment, respectively. In examining user attitudes, we employed the four-item scale of Agarwal and Prasad (1999) to capture attitudes toward video games and the three-item scale of Liu et al. (2009) for attitudes towards live stream media communication format. We measured the intention to use the video game as well as the intention to use the live stream platforms using the four-item scale of Agarwal and Karahanna 104 (2000) and the three-item scale of Liu et al. (2009), respectively. ...
For several years already, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) has actively campaigned for the enhancement in the financial literacy levels of individuals across countries. In the Philippine context, the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) has continuously sought to improve financial inclusivity among Filipinos to ensure the unimpeded economic development of the country. One of its strategies is to strengthen financial education through formal education. Hence, to contribute to such initiative, this paper seeks to determine the level of
financial literacy of the University of the Philippines Visayas College of Management (UPV-CM) students, understand whether their socio-demographic and socio-economic characteristics affect their financial literacy, and provide evidence-based inputs on prospective programs improving financial literacy. To answer these objectives, an online survey using the OECD International Network on Financial Education (INFE) financial literacy questionnaire was conducted among 184
duly enrolled students at the said college for the academic year 2021-2022. The data gathered were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Kruskal-Wallis Test for the individual components of financial knowledge, financial attitude, and financial behavior and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) for financial literacy which is the sum of the said components. The results showed that the respondents' overall average financial literacy score (x=15.34) exceeded the OECD financial literacy average score of 12.7 and the average financial literacy scores of other groups based on
existing literature. Moreover, it was found that only the social income class and financial attitude have a significant relationship, and all other socio-demographic characteristics resulted in no significant differences in the financial literacy of the students. Finally, the study uncovered lapses in finance education that need to be urgently addressed. Thus, this study emphasizes the need to recalibrate teaching strategies and target specific groups for financial knowledge and skills training.
... It has taken significant efforts by information systems researchers to develop theories that explain and predict features impacting the acceptance of information technology [24][25][26]. According Pagani [27], the main categories of theories and models related to the adoption of information technology are founded on two theoretical perspectives: i) theories related to diffusion of innovation, where people's perception of using an innovation affects their adoption behavior, and ii) the theories related to behavioral perspectives. ...
... Usefulness was theorized to be influenced by PEOU because "the less effortful a system is to use, the more using it can increase job performance" (Venkatesh & Davis, 2000, p. 192). Evidence supports the fact that PEOU has no direct effect on the intention to use but rather an indirect effect through usefulness (Agarwal & Prasad, 1999;Venkatesh, 1999), also in the context of VAs (Buteau & Lee, 2021;Moriuchi, 2019). ...
Artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled voice assistants (VAs) are transforming firm-customer interactions but often come across as lacking empathy. This challenge may cause business managers to question the overall effectiveness of VAs in shopping contexts. Recognizing empathy as a core design element in the next generation of VAs and the limits of scenario-based studies in voice commerce, this article investigates how empathy exhibited by an existing AI agent (Alexa) may alter consumer shopping responses. AI empathy moderates the original structural model bridging functional, relational, and social-emotional dimensions. Findings of an individual-session online experiment show higher intentions to delegate tasks, seek decision assistance, and trust recommendations from AI agents perceived as empathic. In contrast to individual shoppers, families respond better to functional VA attributes such as ease of use when AI empathy is present. The results contribute to the literature on AI empathy and conversational commerce while informing managerial AI design decisions.
... This question was inspired by a study that found that noise control actions could be effectively promoted by providing a public platform to raise awareness about noise pollution (Mietlicki et al., 2014). Variables bi2 and bi3 were adapted from previous applications of new information technologies to monitor noise pollution levels (Agarwal and Prasad, 1999). Variable bi1 used a 5-point scale, with the level of attention to noise information ranging from light to strong, while variables bi2 and bi3 used an 11-point Likert scale. ...
... Some studies have provided support for the moderating role of gender in TAM context, however, the results in the literature are mixed [97]. The decision to switch grocery shopping online is likely to require some knowledge and research studies reveal that more educated individuals tend to have better abilities to grasp new information quickly than their less educated counterparts, and, as a result, there exists a positive association between education level and perceived ease of use of new technologies [94,98]. People of lower socio-economic status (i.e. consumers with lower incomes) can perceive access to information technologies (computers, cell phones) and internet as more costly [94]. ...
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a lasting impact on many economies around the globe. One area where significant changes have been documented is consumer behavior. A questionnaire survey was carried out to understand the impact of COVID-19 on grocery purchase behavior of Canadian consumers and evaluate the permanence of these effects. With a focus on online grocery shopping, this work integrates multiple existing theories of consumer behavior to explore the influence of different factors on consumers’ adoption of online mode of grocery shopping during the pandemic and their intentions to continue the use of this mode in the post-pandemic world. A total of more than 600 usable survey responses were analyzed using statistical analysis and a Logit econometrics technique. The results reveal that 72% of the survey participants had to alter their grocery shopping habits as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic; 63% of these consumers claim that the changes that occurred would prevail in the future, with no return to the “pre-COVID normal”. The results also show that the pandemic resulted in significant proliferation of online grocery shopping among Canadian consumers. Further, the findings show that the important factors that explain adoption of online grocery shopping and the shift towards higher reliance on online grocery purchases in the future include the perceived threat of COVID, pre-COVID shopping habits, socio-demographic characteristics, and the variables that capture technological opportunities and abilities.
... Numerous experts have shown facilitating conditions to signi cantly impact whether consumers want to utilize new technology [38,54]. Various researchers [2] emphasize the signi cance of creating favorable conditions for MP acceptability [26]. ...
Despite every one of the upsides of mobile payment services (MPs), they are unutilized by a sizable client base. This paper analyzes the central drivers of utilizing MPs for purchasing purposes from the consumers' point of view in Uzbekistan. Given the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the study built up a seven-figure model to uncover the determinants of customers' goals to utilize MPs. Risk, social influence, trust, hedonic motivation, and attitude were included in the conventional two-figure TAM show (system usefulness and facilitating conditions). 300 respondents in Uzbekistan were selected, and 276 substantial responses were incorporated into the analysis. The regression results applied that customers' goal to utilize MPs for purchasing purposes is impacted by trust, system usefulness, social influence, risk, hedonic motivation, and attitude. Facilitating conditions were not significant interestingly which is the most distinct finding of that particular study. the most grounded determinant of customers' acceptance of MPs. In light of the findings, the review demonstrates a few complications. Six factors (trust, system usefulness, social influence, risk, hedonic motivation, and attitude) can fill in as rules to support customers' adoption of MPs.
... Those possessing innovative personality traits are adept at handling high levels of uncertainty and tend to harbour more positive intentions regarding the acceptance of innovations (Rogers, 1983;1995). During the late 1990s, research on innovation diffusion delved into the influence of personal characteristics on adoption behaviour as an intrinsic motivational factor (e.g., Agarwal and Prasad, 1999;Compeau et al., 1999;Jackson et al., 1997;Kanfer and Heggestad, 1997;Webster and Martochhio, 1992). Building upon Rogers' diffusion of innovation theory, Agarwal and Prasad (1998) argued that individuals form beliefs about new technologies by amalgamating information from diverse sources (Lu et al., 2005). ...
Purpose – The success of businesses and governments in developing and implementing sustainable waste management policies depends on the habits of individual users. Innovative personality traits, creative reuse, and sustainable waste behaviours of product and service users play a significant role in achieving circular economy practices. This study aims to investigate the mediating role of creative reuse in the effect of personal innovativeness on sustainable waste behaviour. Design/methodology/approach – Primary data was used in the research, and data were collected via questionnaires from individuals living in Türkiye over 18 years old. The research data was obtained by creating a link containing the survey questions in the electronic environment and sending it to the participants via the Internet through various social media platforms. 373 people participated in the research. The structural equation model was applied as the research method. SPSS and SmartPLS 4 package programs were used for statistical analysis. Findings – It has been found that creative reuse has a partial mediating effect between personal innovativeness and sustainable waste behaviour. Research limitations/implications – In future studies, the model can be expanded by including different variables in the research model. Moreover, suppose the survey is applied to a wider audience with more diverse socio-economic characteristics and in different age groups. In that case, strategies can be developed for people at different levels by analyzing according to age groups. Furthermore, similar studies can be conducted in different countries, allowing for cross-country comparisons to be made. Practical implications – The main research results emphasize the importance for organizations to consider boosting users’ personal innovation traits by offering creativity-enhancing practices such as open innovation platforms. Furthermore, it can be suggested that considering the significance of revising sustainable production strategies by innovating through collaboration platforms with users. Originality/value – This study has a unique value that contributes to the field of sustainability by combining personal innovativeness and creativity, which are an essential part of the innovation literature, with reuse, a vital element of the circular economy.
... It has been established that PEoU is favorable to PU in mobile commerce (Lee & Jun, 2007). This finding aligns with previous research (Agarwal & Prasad, 1999), which suggests that PEoU can improve PU when employing communication technology. Regarding user satisfaction, Rezaei Additionally, it has been established that PEoU also has a beneficial effect on PU in mobile commerce (Lee & Jun, 2007). ...
Research about perceived ease of use (PEoU) and perceived usefulness (PU) on behavioral purpose to utilize are generally tested directly (Venkatesh et al., 2012), so it is not clear how PEoU and PU determine behavioral intention to employ, therefore, it is necessary to place user satisfaction (US) as a mediating variable to elucidate the effect of PEoU and PU on behavioral intention. This research is carried out on applications developed by large companies, not on applications of digital entrepreneurship startups. The aim of this study is to look into the elements that have an impact on US and the outcomes resulting from the utilization of digital entrepreneurship startup applications. This study involves conducting a survey to gather research data and information on 122 respondents applying e-commerce microfloriculture. Structural equation modeling (SEM) and SmartPLS are employed for examining the causal connection among constructs. The result of the investigation approves that PEoU, PU, and information quality (IQ) influence continuance to use (CtU) through US and digital literacy (DL) variables, which are proven to moderate relationships of US and CtU. The paper explores the practical implications for managers of digital entrepreneurial startups, considers any constraints or limitations, and offers suggestions for future research.
... Similar to IT Passion, the constructs of Attitude and IT Identity conceptualize general dispositions with respect to stimuli. Attitude can be associated with a general type of stimulus (Agarwal and Prasad, 1999;Igbaria and Parasuraman, 1989), or with a specific object, or with a behavior (Fishbein and Ajzen, 1975;Wixom and Todd, 2005). When associated with an IT, attitude is object-based, for it consists of an evaluation of an IT as either good or bad (Hartwick and Barki, 1994). ...
This investigation develops a theory of IT desirability to explain the human experience of IT in today’s highly digitized world. The theory takes account of the actions that IT artifacts allow (IT affordances) and the tasks that users want to perform, and it also accounts for who these users are as persons and what the artifact represents for them in terms of values. The concept of Person-IT Fit is introduced to conceptualize the match (or lack of match) between a person’s values and the spirit of an IT artifact—with IT spirit defined as a set of IT-promoted values embedded in a social context. The connections between Person-IT Fit and IT Desirability, user behavior, and reasoned appraisals of IT are theorized as extensions of the classic concept of Task-Technology Fit and then illustrated using two empirical studies. The concluding section discusses the theoretical and practical implica- tions of the findings.
... 52 For example, belief regarding the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) mediates the link between individual traits and behavioural intention. 43,[52][53][54] Prior studies identified that beliefs mediate the relation between individuals traits and behavioural intention to some extent. 55,56 Similarly, 57 investigated the mediating role of motivation between personality traits and behavioural intention. ...
Purpose
Retail businesses have been seeing dramatic changes in the last decades. It has evolved from single-channel retailing to omnichannel retailing, providing a seamless shopping experience to customers. Customers armed with modern technology are creating challenges for retailers and forcing them to create an omnichannel environment. So, implementing an omnichannel retailing strategy is a big challenge for retail managers in the age of modern technologies. Retailers could evaluate consumers’ usage intention of omnichannel retailing based on technological and psychological factors. However, research based on psychological factors is limited in the prevailing literature on omnichannel retailing. Based on the Motivational Model (MM) and Big-Five Factors (BFF) of personality traits, the study tried to fill the gap regarding the influence of psychological factors on omnichannel usage intention.
Methods
A sample of 724 respondents through a structured questionnaire from a developing economy. The target population of the current study was internet users, as they might be prospective Omni shoppers in the near future. Relationships were tested through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with AMOS 23.
Results
Results revealed that personality traits directly correlate with omnichannel usage intention, while motivations (intrinsic and extrinsic) partially mediate these relationships. Moreover, the results of the current study also revealed that the personality traits extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness are vital antecedents of behavioral intention. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations positively impact consumers’ usage intention, while extrinsic motivation partially mediates intrinsic motivation and consumers’ usage intention. Additionally, full mediation prevails in the association of consumers’ usage intention and personality traits (emotional stability and Openness to experiences).
Originality
The domino effects provide a solid theoretical milestone in understanding the phenomenon of omnichannel retailing strategy and facilitates marketing managers to design channel strategies for emerging economics.
As the hospitality industry continues to evolve in response to changing consumer expectations and market dynamics, the integration of smart technologies emerges as a strategic imperative for businesses to remain competitive and deliver exceptional guest experiences. This case study aims to analyze the integration of smart technologies to enhance personalized guest experiences within the hospitality sector and analyze its impact on customer experience and customer satisfaction. With a focus on a real-world example from the Hotel Lugano Dante, situated in the vibrant city center of Lugano, Switzerland, the study examines the implementation and impact of the Happy Guest Relationship Management (HGRM) system. To achieve the objective presented, the case study will employ secondary data, through research papers and an analysis of some TripAdvisor reviews of the Lugano Dante Hotel in Switzerland, the study reveals the profound impact of the HGRM system on guest satisfaction, operational efficiency, and the cultivation of long-lasting guest relationships.
This chapter investigates the quality variables that affect the perceptions of the users of the e-governance information system (e-Gov IS) implemented by the Newtown Kolkata Development Authority, the urban local body of Newtown Kolkata, a Smart City under the Government of India’s Smart Cities Mission. Utilizing econometrics tools, the study explores the framework for developing an intuitive e-governance system, taking into consideration the peculiarities of a context that is as varied as India’s. A comprehensive e-government system success model is developed and validated, ultimately refined to five pivotal factors, namely, system usability and satisfaction, operational efficiency of E-service, system service support, information integrity and relevance, and perceived economic returns of e-governance. All factors, except system service support, exhibit a significant influence on intuitive e-governance adoption among the users. The chapter concludes by underscoring the importance of comprehending these determinants as India advances its e-governance initiatives. While core aspects like system usability, operational efficiency, economic returns, and information quality are crucial, the undervaluation of system service support prompts a call for further research.
Mobile banking has become very important in today's life as technological advancements have led bank clients to use banking services. Clients' attitudes toward mobile banking services are based on their expectations is the background of this research. So, the main objective is to observe the purposeful conduct in mind of clients to adopt mobile banking services. This study also examines the influence of six variables on financial services clients' desire to utilize mobile banking services, including perceived benefits, perceived ease of use, trust, security, perceived privacy, and technology expertise. Consequently, the goal of this study is to find out the crucial and deciding factors that may influence clients' willingness to use mobile banking features in Bangladesh as a developing country. The sample shaped for this research is 310 respondents from Bangladesh a developing country. For analytical purposes, SEM has been used to test hypotheses. The results show that in Bangladesh, factors like perceived value, security, and technological aptitude greatly determine whether a customer will utilize mobile banking. Financial institutions have proven to be successful in serving clients through mobile phones. Clients have made good use of mobile banking only to save money, cost, and labor. The research suggests that mobile banking operations must be timely and accurate, the transaction process must be short, interactivity, convenience of usage, and so on. The findings have important implications for bank regulatory authority, management, bankers, and executives who wish to increase mobile banking usage to secure their long-term profitability.
Bu çalışma farklı okul türlerinde görev yapmakta olan idareci ve öğretmenlerin teknostres düzeylerini belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Ayrıca öğretmenlerin teknostres düzeylerinin çeşitli demografik değişkenlerle ilişkisi araştırılmıştır. Araştırma nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden tarama modeli kullanılarak tasarlanmıştır. Ayrıca öğretmenlerin teknostres düzeylerinin cinsiyet, branş, okul türü, kıdem, mezun olunan fakülte, unvan, eğitim düzeyi ve medeni durum gibi birçok değişkenle ilişkisini ortaya koymayı amaçladığı için kesitsel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın katılımcıları Elazığ Merkez’de farklı okul türlerinde görev yapmakta olan 513 öğretmenden oluşmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak demografik bilgi formu ile Çoklar, Efilti ve Şahin tarafından geliştirilen Teknostres ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonuçları öğretmen ve idarecilerin teknostres düzeylerinin orta düzeyde olduğunu, katılımcıların teknostres düzeyleri ile cinsiyet, mezun olunan fakülte, eğitim düzeyi değişkenleri arasında anlamlı fark olduğunu göstermektedir. Gelecekteki araştırmalar için bazı sınırlılıklar ve öneriler tartışılmıştır.
The present research is to study to examine factors affecting on mobile banking adoption behavior in Rayalaseema Region of Andhra Pradesh. Further more, to evaluate which factors have a major influence on adoption of mobile banking. Data were collected from the mobile user respondents. A total of 185 mobile users were collected from the Rayalaseema Region. The methodology had used Descriptive statistics, Content validity, Multiple regression analysis has been used to verify the significant factors on adoption of mobile baning. A total of 8 factors has been used in this study It has found that privacy & security and perceived financial cost has shown negative effect.
This research project delves into the factors that shape the adoption of social media in service delivery among senior managers within Kenya's public service sector. It examines the roles of prevailing stereotypes, inherent resistance, and the level of ICT skills, aiming to demystify the challenges and barriers that senior managers face in incorporating social media into their communication and operational strategies. As social media evolves from platforms of casual social interaction to vital channels of transparent, two-way communication between governmental bodies and the citizenry, this study seeks to highlight the impediments to its full utilization by senior management. By comparing global instances of social media adoption in public services, including countries like Japan, the United Kingdom, Rwanda, Congo, Nigeria, and Zambia, the research brings to light the varied patterns of adoption and the distinct benefits realized in different governmental contexts. The problem statement underscores the critical issues at hand stereotypical views of social media, resistance to its professional use, and a gap in necessary ICT skills among senior managers. These factors collectively contribute to the slow pace of social media integration into the public service's communication frameworks. The objectives of the research are tailored to dissect these issues methodically, offering in depth analysis and understanding that could guide strategic decisions, refine communication methodologies, and enhance the functional application of social media in public service engagements. This study stands to significantly impact several stakeholders, it offers senior managers actionable insights for overcoming barriers to social media adoption; provides a framework for integrating social media strategies into management education curriculums; informs public service organizations about the nuances of digital communication; influences policy formulation with evidence-based recommendations; and enriches the academic sphere with contemporary research findings on digital governance. Focusing specifically on the experiences and perspectives of senior managers in Kenya's public service, this project aims to fill the knowledge gap regarding social media adoption challenges, ultimately proposing well-grounded, practical recommendations that could revolutionize how senior management communicates and interacts in the digital age. Through a comprehensive methodology encompassing literature reviews, surveys, and interviews, the study meticulously gathers and analyzes data, leading to findings that lay bare the complexities of social media adoption. These findings then form the basis of tailored recommendations aimed at enhancing digital literacy, fostering positive perceptions of social media, and mitigating resistance, thereby empowering senior managers to leverage these platforms effectively for improved service delivery and citizen engagement.
This study highlights critical factors influencing English as a Foreign Language
(EFL) teachers’ decisions to provide in-class oral corrective feedback (OCF). It
explores the interplay between teachers’ individual differences – namely
educational background, teaching experience, and additional training –
and their decisions regarding OCF. EFL teachers in three Turkish
universities each had three hours of their speaking classes recorded. A
thematic analysis of stimulated recall interview data revealed that teachers’
decisions were influenced by learner-related, contextual, and teacherspecific
factors. The teachers stated that they provided OCF because they
believed that learners expected it. Learner-related factors such as emotions
and low proficiency served as deterrents to OCF. Regarding the contextual
factors, institutional expectations motivated the provision of OCF, while the
nature of activities dissuaded teachers from administering OCF. The teacher
factor most commonly cited as a stimulus for providing OCF was the
inclination to elicit the correct form from students. The teachers were
reluctant to provide OCF because they favoured delayed feedback at the
end of the activity or lesson. Regression analysis of the video data revealed
that only teaching experience contributed significantly to teachers’
decision-making. The role of teaching experience is discussed, and
suggestions are made regarding the provision of OCF.
The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) is widely acknowledged to have significant implications for multiple sectors worldwide. This chapter provides insights from a study that aimed to investigate the usage of technology for business purposes and the level of awareness regarding the 4IR among business managers and entrepreneurs in Ndola, Zambia. In this chapter, the authors reveal that entrepreneurs and managers possess a substantial level of knowledge regarding the 4IR and demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of its implications for business. Moreover, they actively incorporate technological advancements into their business operations. The entrepreneurs and managers also possess the requisite resources inside their companies to facilitate the use of technology. The government's efforts in facilitating economic growth through technology adoption for businesses and disseminating information regarding the perceived advantages of the Fourth Industrial Revolution were perceived to be insufficient.
This paper explores the adoption of Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools within the domain of software engineering, focusing on the influencing factors at the individual, technological, and social levels. We applied a convergent mixed-methods approach to offer a comprehensive understanding of AI adoption dynamics. We initially conducted a questionnaire survey with 100 software engineers, drawing upon the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the Diffusion of Innovation Theory (DOI), and the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) as guiding theoretical frameworks. Employing the Gioia Methodology, we derived a theoretical model of AI adoption in software engineering: the Human-AI Collaboration and Adaptation Framework (HACAF). This model was then validated using Partial Least Squares – Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) based on data from 183 software engineers. Findings indicate that at this early stage of AI integration, the compatibility of AI tools within existing development workflows predominantly drives their adoption, challenging conventional technology acceptance theories. The impact of perceived usefulness, social factors, and personal innovativeness seems less pronounced than expected. The study provides crucial insights for future AI tool design and offers a framework for developing effective organizational implementation strategies.
To investigate opinions and attitudes of medical professionals towards adopting AI-enabled healthcare technologies in their daily business, we used a mixed-methods approach. Study 1 employed a qualitative computational grounded theory approach analyzing 181 Reddit threads in the several subreddits of r/medicine. By utilizing an unsupervised machine learning clustering method, we identified three key themes: (1) consequences of AI, (2) physician–AI relationship, and (3) a proposed way forward. In particular Reddit posts related to the first two themes indicated that the medical professionals' fear of being replaced by AI and skepticism toward AI played a major role in the argumentations. Moreover, the results suggest that this fear is driven by little or moderate knowledge about AI. Posts related to the third theme focused on factual discussions about how AI and medicine have to be designed to become broadly adopted in health care. Study 2 quantitatively examined the relationship between the fear of AI, knowledge about AI, and medical professionals' intention to use AI-enabled technologies in more detail. Results based on a sample of 223 medical professionals who participated in the online survey revealed that the intention to use AI technologies increases with increasing knowledge about AI and that this effect is moderated by the fear of being replaced by AI.
This study endeavors to examine the factors influencing consumers' intentions to purchase self‐driving cars. The data collected from 174 respondents underwent analysis using the partial least squares technique. The findings reveal that relative advantage, compatibility, trialability, and observability significantly impact consumer attitudes. Additionally, consumer attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control were identified as significant influencers of the intention to purchase a self‐driving car. Furthermore, achievement vanity was observed to moderate the effect of observability on consumer attitude. These results offer critical theoretical insights and practical implications for the adoption of self‐driving cars.
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of perceived risk (perceived susceptibility and perceived severity), self-efficacy and individual differences (personal innovativeness and mobile payment knowledge) on consumers’ intention to use contactless mobile payment services (MPS). Additionally, it also empirically tested the moderating effect of hygiene consciousness in the proposed conceptual model.
Design/methodology/approach
The present research developed a conceptual model based on the health belief model (HBM) and diffusion of innovation theory (DOI) to empirically assess whether and how perceived risk, self-efficacy and individual differences influence consumer intention to use contactless MPS. The data was collected using the survey method from 251 smartphone users and analyzed with structural equation modeling. The moderating role of hygiene consciousness was studied in the relationship that self-efficacy and personal innovativeness shares with consumers’ intention toward contactless MPS.
Findings
The results of this study disclose that among all precursors of consumers’ intention toward contactless MPS, only perceived severity, self-efficacy, personal innovativeness and mobile payment knowledge positively affect consumers’ intention to use contactless MPS. However, the effect of perceived susceptibility on consumers’ intention toward contactless MPS was found to be non-significant. The results further depict that hygiene consciousness acts as a moderator in driving consumers’ intention toward contactless mobile payment services.
Research limitations/implications
The HBM model and DOI, which incorporate perceived risk, self-efficacy, individual differences and hygiene consciousness, give light on the factors influencing consumer intention to use contactless MPS in a pandemic situation such as COVID-19. The study will provide useful insights to marketers on how to frame their strategies in the aftermath of pandemics, as the contactless mobile payment method may be perceived as a defensive behavior during and after pandemics.
Practical implications
The study will provide useful insights to marketers on how to frame their strategies in the aftermath of pandemics, as the contactless mobile payment method may be perceived as a defensive behavior during and after pandemics.
Originality/value
By uniting perceived risk, self-efficacy and individual differences with consumers’ intention toward contactless MPS in a conceptual model, along with examining the moderating role of hygiene consciousness, this work responds to the calls for upcoming research concerning mobile payment systems as means of future payment. Thus, it offers an understanding of particular consumer motivations that may guide consumers’ intention toward contactless MPS through the theoretical lens of HBM and DOI.
This study appraised the determinants of digital currency usage in Nigeria. The chapter focused on factors like financial knowledge, perceived value, and perceived convenience as the determinants. The study employed a survey research design, with the primary source of data gathered from questionnaires. 218 respondents formed the sampling size. The study found that the financial knowledge has a favourable and insignificant relationship with usage of digital currency in Nigeria. The findings also revealed that perceived value and perceived convenience have positive significant relationship with usage of digital currency in Nigeria. The study concluded that financial knowledge, perceived value, and perceived convenience are the major factors that would improve the usage of digital currencies in Nigeria. The study recommended that strong awareness and publicity should be made on digital currencies in order to enlighten the general public on the benefits that digital currencies have to offer, and also indicating the conveniency that comes with the usage of digital currency.
The rise of the e-commerce industry in Indonesia started 10 years ago and Indonesia is predicted as the market leader in Southeast Asia by 2025. The growth of this industry is driven by an increasing number of middle-class millennial consumers who are technology savvy and have higher purchasing power. Despite the importance of this consumer segment, there are limited studies about the intention of middle-class millennial consumers to purchase through e-commerce, particularly in developing countries, such as Indonesia. This study intends to examine the factors leading to consumer intention to shop online by including perceived security and perceived privacy to extend the theory of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Data were collected from 187 respondents and analyzed using PLS-SEM. The findings showed that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived security, and perceived privacy influences consumers’ intention to shop in e-commerce, which was mediated by their attitude toward e-commerce. Among these influencing factors, perceived usefulness had a greater role in shaping consumer attitudes toward e-commerce than perceived ease of use, perceived security, and perceived privacy..
This study aims to examine the factors influencing pre-service teachers' intentions to use computer-based assessment systems. In this regard, the research in relational screening design revealing the relationships between variables tests the acceptance of computer-based assessment systems model developed by Terzis and Economides (2011). The study group consists of 323 second-year students from various departments in education faculty, who have completed the information technologies course through distance education. Data consisting of Likert-type items were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The findings related to the model indicate that perceived ease of use, social influence, and goal expectancy have a significant direct impact on perceived usefulness. Additionally, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and goal expectancy have a direct and significant impact on perceived playfulness, while content has a direct and meaningful impact only on goal expectancy. The behavioral intention to use is directly influenced by playfulness, usefulness, and ease of use indirectly affected by content through goal expectancy. Finally, the content, while not directly influencing perceived playfulness and intention to use, has an indirect impact. Based on this information, it is concluded that computer-based assessment systems perceived as enjoyable, easy, and beneficial are more likely to be used by teacher candidates.
This study analyses a blended e-learning system's information resources. Their quality is assessed based on learners' perceptions using a modified version of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). To enable flexible learning and enhance understanding during the COVID-19 epidemic, most Iraqi universities have lately embraced Google Classroom and Moodle in addition to face-to-face (F2F) courses. Based on TAM, individual differences and perspectives were investigated concerning correlations between student satisfaction and technology adoption. There were 270 undergraduate students in the research sample who were enrolled in academic courses at Middle Technical University's (MTU) /Technical College of Management (TCM). A survey was used for data collection. The research was done after developing the model's essential and external variables and selecting their components. Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) examined path-connected dependent and independent components. The study's results showed how "E-Learning Information Quality" (EIQ) positively impacted students' adoption of e-learning. That is demonstrated by the internal variables' positive correlation, which includes perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU), which can be seen in H1 and H2 by the values of (β = 0.204, β = 0.715), and which both positively influence attitudes toward use (ATU), which can be seen in H5 were value (β = 0.643), and behavioral intention (BIU), which can be seen in H4 was value (β = 0.300). Therefore, e-Learning information sources must have value and meaning for students. However, more research is required to evaluate the system's quality. Furthermore, the acceptability of e-learning may change as pedagogies change.
In this article, we attempt to distinguish between the properties of moderator and mediator variables at a number of levels. First, we seek to make theorists and researchers aware of the importance of not using the terms moderator and mediator interchangeably by carefully elaborating, both conceptually and strategically, the many ways in which moderators and mediators differ. We then go beyond this largely pedagogical function and delineate the conceptual and strategic implications of making use of such distinctions with regard to a wide range of phenomena, including control and stress, attitudes, and personality traits. We also provide a specific compendium of analytic procedures appropriate for making the most effective use of the moderator and mediator distinction, both separately and in terms of a broader causal system that includes both moderators and mediators. (46 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
A study developed and validated new scales for perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use, which were hypothesized to be fundamental determinants of user acceptance. The definitions of the 2 variables were used to develop scale items that were pretested for content validity. The items were then tested for reliability and construct validity in 2 studies involving a total of 152 users and 4 application programs. After refining and streamlining the measures, the resulting 2 scales of 6 items each demonstrated reliabilities of .98 for usefulness and .94 for ease of use. The scales also exhibited high convergent, discriminant, and factorial validity. In both studies, usefulness had a greater correlation with usage behavior than did ease of use, though both were significantly correlated with current usage and future usage. Regression analyses suggest that perceived ease of use may actually be a casual antecedent to perceived usefulness, as opposed to a direct determinant of system usage.
This paper describes a successful test of a quantitative model that accounts for large positive transfer effects between similar screen editors, between different line editors and from line editors to a screen editor, and between text and graphic editors. The model is tested in an experiment using two very similar full-screen text-editors differing only in the structure of their editing commands, verb-noun vs noun-verb. Quantitative predictions for training time were derived from a production system model based on the Polson and Kieras (1985) model of text editing.
Discusses how current goodness-of-fit indices fail to assess parsimony and hence disconfirmability of a model and are insensitive to misspecifications of causal relations (a) among latent variables when measurement model with many indicators is correct and (b) when causal relations corresponding to free parameters expected to be nonzero turn out to be zero or near zero. A discussion of philosophy of parsimony elucidates relations of parsimony to parameter estimation, disconfirmability, and goodness of fit. AGFI in {lisrel} is rejected. A method of adjusting goodness-of-fit indices by a parsimony ratio is described. Also discusses less biased estimates of goodness of fit and a relative normed-fit index for testing fit of structural model exclusive of the measurement model. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) has been widely used to predict user acceptance and use based on perceived ease of use and usefulness. However, in order to design effective training interventions to improve user acceptance, it is necessary to better understand the antecedents and determinants of key acceptance constructs. In this research, we focus on understanding the determinants of perceived ease of use. Data from three experiments spanning 108 subjects and six different systems supported our hypothesis that an individual's perception of a particular system's ease of use is anchored to her or his general computer self-efficacy at all times, and objective usability has an impact on ease of use perceptions about a specific system only after direct experience with the system. In addition to being an important research issue in user acceptance research, understanding antecedents of perceived ease of use is also important from a practical standpoint since several systems in which millions of dollars are invested are rejected because of poor user interfaces. Moreover, the actual underlying problem might be low computer self-efficacy of the target user group. In such cases, training interventions aimed at improving computer self-efficacy of users may be more effective than improved interface design for increasing user acceptance.
Computer systems cannot improve organizational performance if they aren't used. Unfortunately, resistance to end-user systems by managers and professionals is a widespread problem. To better predict, explain, and increase user acceptance, we need to better understand why people accept or reject computers. This research addresses the ability to predict peoples' computer acceptance from a measure of their intentions, and the ability to explain their intentions in terms of their attitudes, subjective norms, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and related variables. In a longitudinal study of 107 users, intentions to use a specific system, measured after a one-hour introduction to the system, were correlated 0.35 with system use 14 weeks later. The intention-usage correlation was 0.63 at the end of this time period. Perceived usefulness strongly influenced peoples' intentions, explaining more than half of the variance in intentions at the end of 14 weeks. Perceived ease of use had a small but significant effect on intentions as well, although this effect subsided over time. Attitudes only partially mediated the effects of these beliefs on intentions. Subjective norms had no effect on intentions. These results suggest the possibility of simple but powerful models of the determinants of user acceptance, with practical value for evaluating systems and guiding managerial interventions aimed at reducing the problem of underutilized computer technology.
It is commonly believed that the user's cognitive style should be considered in the design of Management Information Systems and Decision Support Systems. In contrast, an examination of the literature and a consideration of some of the broader issues involved in MIS and DSS design lead to the conclusions that: (1) the currently available literature on cognitive style is an unsatisfactory basis for deriving operational design guidelines, and (2) further cognitive style research is unlikely to provide a satisfactory body of knowledge from which to derive such guidelines. The article presents six specific bases for these two conclusions.
From a manager's pespective, the outcome of the study is a suggestion: maintain a healthy skepticism if it is suggested that paper and pencil assessments of the user's cognitive style should be used as a basis for MIS or DSS designs. From a researcher's viewpoint, the study raises two questions: (1) If our research interest is MIS and DSS design, does it seem that further research in cognitive style is a wise allocation of our research resources? (2) If our research interest is cognitive style, does it seem that the use of cognitive style as a basis for MIS and DSS designs will become an important application area?
The objective of this study was to develop and test an integrated conceptual model of microcomputer usage. This study used the technology acceptance model and sought to extend it by investigating the impact of the external factors (i.e., individual, organizational, and system characteristics) on the user acceptance of microcomputer technology. The paper reports the results of a field study investigating the determinants of microcomputer usage. The analyses of the measurement model confirm the existence of two distinct constructs of (1) beliefs-perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use; (2) organizational support-management support and end-user computing (EUC) support; and (3) microcomputer usage-perceived usage and variety of use. The tested conceptual model confirms the effects of individual, organizational, and system characteristics on perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. The model also confirms the influence of perceived ease of use on perceived usefulness, and the effects of perceived usefulness on perceived usage and variety of use. Results confirm several previously proposed notions, including the effects of individual, organizational, and system characteristics on ease of use and usefulness; the influence of ease of use on usefulness, and the effects of perceived usefulness on usage and variety of use. The results demonstrate the utility of investigating factors contributing to microcomputer usage and the external factors affecting endogenous variables such as system usefulness. The importance of EUC support and management support is corroborated, as well as the need for designing mechanisms such as training programs and newsletters to improve user perceptions of microcomputers.
Behavior theory models of the relationships between the beliefs about an object and the attitude toward the object.
The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which gender and prior computer exposure (has a computer at home; participated in a computer course; knows how to work with computers) affect students' attitudes toward computers prior to computer instruction in school. An attitude questionnaire including cognitive and affective attitude scales was administered to 222 Israeli pupils in grades 8 through 10 who study in schools where computers have not yet been introduced. The results showed that prior computer exposure (in particular, having a computer at home), had a stronger effect on attitudes toward computers than sex. Pupils owning computers were more motivated to become familiar with computers; felt a stronger need for computers in their lives and had more positive affective attitudes toward computers than pupils who don't have computers at home. Sex differences in affective and cognitive attitudes were also observed where boys had significantly more positive affective attitudes toward computers than girls. They perceived computers as being more “enjoyable,” “special,” “important,” “friendly,” and “cheaper” than girls. Furthermore, boys tended to hold more stereotyped attitudes about who is capable of using computers and had more positive attitudes toward the computer as a medium of instruction than girls.
The influence of prior experience on personal computer utilization was examined through an extension of a conceptual model developed and tested previously. Respondents were classified on the basis of their self-reported skill level and length of time having used personal computers. Three competing ways of modeling the influence of experience were tested: (1) a direct influence, (2) an indirect influence through six distinct attitude and belief components, and (3) a moderating influence on the relations between the attitude/belief components and utilization. The results suggested that experience influenced utilization directly, that indirect influences were present but less pronounced, and that the moderating influence of experience on the relations between five of six antecedent constructs and utilization was generally quite strong. For researchers, the implications are that prior experience with an information technology (IT) is an important factor to include when developing, testing, or applying models of IT adoption and use. For practitioners, the results highlight the importance of emphasizing applicability of the information technology to the current job and professional development early in the adoption process, with more emphasis on future benefits as experience is gained.
The effective design and implementation of an information system is a complex undertaking which requires management to anticipate the possible effects of different psychological dispositions and various reports on task performance. To provide information that management may use in developing an information system, a group of subjects (n = 403) were (1) classified as high or low analytic depending upon their score on the Embedded Figures Test, (2) given five reports which they ranked according to their perception of the degree of difficulty they expected each report to present in performing a task, and (3) required to answer 20 questions with one of the previously ranked reports. The five reports used in the experiment were a raw data report (Report A) and four reports generated from the information presented in Report A. Report B was a tabular report of the percentage relationship of the raw data. Reports C, D, and E were a histogram of the raw data, a cumulative frequency graphic of the raw data and a cumulative frequency graphic of the percentages respectively. Therefore, there were two groups: High and Low Analytics, five reports and one task. The results of the experiment were (1) the perceived complexity rankings (lowest to highest) for both the high and low analytics were Report A, Report B, Report C, Report D, and Report E, (2) individuals classified as high analytic outperformed the individuals classified as low analytic on each of the five reports, and (3) for both the high and low analytics task performance decreased as perceived complexity increased. The implications of these results are (1) for tasks similar to the one tested that task performance may be enhanced by assigning such tasks to high analytic individuals, (2) individuals are able to perceive those reports which are likely to cause performance difficulties, and (3) using the report perceived as least complex is likely to be a valid report specification rule.
Relatively little is known about how managers interact with marketing decision support systems such as a computer simulation. The authors investigate individual difference variables to determine their role in influencing the utilization of and satisfaction with one component of a marketing decision support system. The research vehicle used is a computer simulation model for assisting decision making in retailing. The findings indicate that risk averseness, involvement, cognitive differentiation, and age are important predictors of utilization and satisfaction. Managerial implications of the findings are discussed.
Four independent sets of factors were identified from the literature as potentially
influencing worker adjustment to technological change: actual job changes experienced
on workers'jobs, perceived changes to the jobs, personal factors and management
support. Four indices of adjustment were measured: stress/psychological
problems, job satisfaction, organizational commitment and perceived quality of life.
A longitudinal study of 31 unskilled workers transferring from traditional mass
assembly to computer-automated batch (CAB) production assessed the relationship
of the factors to adjustment. The most important set of factors determining adjustment
was the actual changes to individual jobs. Implications for studies that examine
perceived job changes as well as for the implementation of CAB technology are
discussed.
The Computer Attitude Scale (CAS) was created to measure positive and negative attitudes toward computers. Data collected from multiple groups of subjects indicated that both the reliability (internal consistency and test-retest) and validity (short-term predictive, concurrent and construct) of the CAS were adequate. Indications of possible sex and age differences in attitudes towards computers were also found.
A proposed theory of planned behavior, an extension of Ajzen and Fishbein's (1980, Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior. Englewood-Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall) theory of reasoned action, was tested in two experiments. The extended theory incorporates perceived control over behavioral achievement as a determinant of intention (Version 1) as well as behavior (Version 2). In Experiment 1, college students' attendance of class lectures was recorded over a 6-week period; in Experiment 2, the behavioral goal was getting an “A” in a course. Attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and intentions were assessed halfway through the period of observation in the first experiment, and at two points in time in the second experiment. The results were evaluated by means of hierarchical regression analyses. As expected, the theory of planned behavior permitted more accurate prediction of intentions and goal attainment than did the theory of reasoned action. In both experiments, perceived behavioral control added significantly to the prediction of intentions. Its contribution to the prediction of behavior was significant in the second wave of Experiment 2, at which time the students' perceptions of behavioral control had become quite accurate. Contrary to expectations, there was little evidence for interactions between perceived behavioral control and the theory's other independent variables.
The Graphical User interface (GUI) is one of the most revolutionary changes to occur in the evolution of modern computing systems. In the space of less than 10 years the expectation of what the interaction between human and computer would be like has changed from a terse, character-oriented exchange modeled on the teletypewriter to the now familiar Windows, Icons, Menus and Pointing device WIMP Interface. This revolution has increased the accessibility and usability of computer systems to the general public and, in spite of some sparring between competing user interface (UI) camps, created a commonality of use across platforms that has gone a long way toward decreasing the learning curve when moving from system to system. The world of UIs is neither perfect, complete, nor static. There remains much to be done in terms of increasing the productivity of computer users, standardizing operations across disparate architectures and adapting the human-computer interface to nontraditional applications. The purpose of this special issue is to provide a window into the future of the UI, and to specifically focus on technologies that diverge from tradition and break new ground in the way people interact with computers.
Bootstrap methods are a collection of sample re-use techniques designed to estimate standard errors and confidence intervals. Making use of numerous samples drawn from the initial observations, these techniques require fewer assumptions and offer greater accuracy and insight than do standard methods in many problems. After presenting the underlying concepts, this introduction focuses on applications in regression analysis. These applications contrast two forms of bootstrap resampling in regression, illustrating their differences in a series of examples that include outliers and heteroscedasticity. Other regression examples use the bootstrap to estimate standard errors of robust estimators in regression and indirect effects in path models. Numerous variations of bootstrap confidence intervals exist, and examples stress the concepts that are common to the various approaches. Suggestions for computing bootstrap estimates appear throughout the discussion, and a section on computing suggests several broad guidelines.
This study developed and tested a path model of individual difference variables as antecedents of computer anxiety and attitudes toward microcomputers among managers. Results of path analysis of survey data gatheredfrom 166 managers provided moderate support for the proposed model and the pattern of linkages specified among the variables. Results showed education is negatively related to computer anxiety, and external locus of control and math anxiety contribute to increased computer anxiety. Managers' age, education, external locus of control, and thefeeling-thinking dimension of cognitive style are directly related to attitudes toward microcomputers. However, math anxiety and external locus of control affect microcomputer attitudes only indirectly, through their effect on computer anxiety, which is the strongest predictor of negative attitudes toward microcomputers. Implications for the design and success of management information systems involving microcomputers, andfuture research are discussed.
This article provides an overview of past research on training employees for computer-mediated work. The article develops theory and propositions concerning the relationships between (a) individual factors, (b) task and person-computer interface, (c) characteristics of training design for the acquisition of computer skills and (d) the learning outcomes, namely the computer skills acquired by the employee. The review of existing research indicates that most studies are based on a narrow disciplinary and methodological focus, thereby ignoring important intervening variables that might help explain learning outcomes. Within the framework presented in this paper several otherfundamental concerns regarding existing research are identified and discussed and propositions forfurther empirical investigations are outlined. This article concludes with projections for the future based on past research and the present research climate.
A field study involving 124 organizations, and 378 DSS users, was conducted to ascertain the influence of the user's task environment on DSS success. Three groups were analyzed in the study: managers, financial and planning analysts (FPA's), and "others" who were predominantly management scientists or data processing analysts. The study focused on three factors discussed in the MIS literature as potential, but unsubstantiated contributors to DSS success: decision context (degree of problem structure), level of task interdependence (degree of interaction with others), and level of task constraints (degree of decision maker authority and autonomy). There was some evidence that the decision context and the level of task interdependence were moderately related to decision-making success for managers and others. There was very little support found to substantiate a relationship between the level of task constraints and DSS success for any group in the study. The results reaffirmed that the level of top management support, user training, and length of DSS use are important correlates of DSS success.
This article explores the nature of cognitive styles and the effects of cognitive style differences on information system usage and design. Some ideas are presented for clarifying the nature of cognitive styles, and a number of cognitive style models are discussed which are applicable to information system design and research. Suggestions are presented for assisting information system analysts in incorporating the users' cognitive styles differences into information systems design and some problems are indicated which could arise during implementation. Finally, experimental design factors are outlined for improving research into the cognitive styles area.
The importance of effective training in ensuring the success of end-user computing (EUC) has been emphasized by several researchers in information systems. A vast amount of evidence from research in related areas such as educational psychology suggests that individual differences, such as learning style, may affect users learning about a new EUC software package. This article reports the findings of a series of studies that examine the influence of a novice's learning style in learning typical EUC tools such as spreadsheets and electronic mail. A consistent pattern of findings emerges that indicates that learning modes is an important predictor of learning performance, both by itself and in interaction with training methods. The findings suggest that in the design of training, it is essential to match training methods to individual difference variables. Based on these findings, guidelines are recommended for IS professionals involved in EUC training and further research directions are discussed.
Little is currently known about the process of individual adjustment to information technology innovations. This article reports the results of a critical review of the literature, using an interactional psychology framework. In the past, researchers have focused on the limited themes of stress and attitudes. The indicators of individual adjustment emphasized in past research are strain symptoms and general job satisfaction. The proposed interactional framework represents a more comprehensive approach incorporating organizational, work group, and job factors that affect individual adjustment. The range of individual adjustment indicators should be broadened to include facets of satisfaction, organizational commitment, job involvement, and performance. By adopting this framework and refining the process used by researchers in studying individual adjustment, a better match between research issues and problems faced by managers will be achieved.
An abstract is not available.
given that real data often fail to satisfy the underlying scaling and normality assumptions, there has been growing interest in determining the robustness of structural equation modeling techniques to violations of scaling the normality assumptions and in developing alternative remedial strategies when these assumptions are seriously violated / these topics are the focus of the present chapter
overview of normal theory estimation / effects and detection of nonnormality / remedies for multivariate nonnormality (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
in this chapter we present our current view on the knowledge and processing strategies programmers employ in attempting to comprehend computer programs
we first present an experiment that supports our claims as to the composition of an expert programmer's knowledge base
next, we propose processing strategies that may be at work in comprehending programs
as support for these latter mechanisms, we draw on our experience in building a computer program that attempts to understand computer programs written by novices (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
A comprehensive survey of the literature on human learning for advanced students and research workers in this area. Although certain organizational changes are made in the revision, the author has attempted to maintain Dr. McGeoch's (see
16: 4303) systematic position with regard to the increased factual knowledge and new emphasis in the field. Extensive chapter bibliographies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
This chapter discusses the interrelationships between task structure, encoding and retrieval processes, and the prior knowledge of the learner, as these factors relate to transfer. It presents a distinction between perceived similarity of the training and transfer situations, based on salient common features of their representations, and objective structural similarity, based on the actual nature of the task components determining appropriate responses. Transfer is affected by both types of similarity. Perceived similarity determines whether transfer is attempted, whereas objective structural similarity determines whether transfer is positive or negative. The encoding of the training task fosters subsequent transfer to the extent that the learner acquires rules that are applicable to a range of superficially different tasks with structural commonalities. If the transfer task evokes similar goals and processing mechanisms, or has salient surface resemblances to the training task, these common components then serve as the basis for retrieval of the acquired knowledge in the transfer context. Several factors that influence learning and retention merit more extensive investigation in relation to transfer. One such factor is the role of context and contrast in determining the learner's representation of the training task.
Examines how organizations identify and respond to conditions of stability and change and classifies responses as appropriate or dysfunctional. Using case study and historical survey approaches, the authors formulate conclusions about organizations themselves, individual organization members, and sub-organizational combinations of members. These three perspectives correspond to the organization's goals, individual career aspirations, and internal politicking. Technical progress and development of new organizational forms proceed in tandem; advancement in either field augurs movement in the other field. The inventor requires a suitable milieu and new technology enables further sophisticated forms of organization. Matching the rise of modern industrial concerns, technological research and development has been increasingly professionalized and financially supported by large corporations and government. Firms in (then) newly created industries, such as electronics, face a unique difficulty. Unlike counterparts in established fields, new firms in these industries must respond to rapidly changing market conditions without the benefit of a management experienced in the exigencies of that sector. The authors examine common new-industry responses to planning needs. These include the transfer of technical staff to the sales force and assignment of user needs research to research and development staff. Two important organizational approaches are identified. The mechanistic approach, suitable for stable industries, is marked by precise definition of member function and is highly hierarchical. The organic approach is more appropriate to industries undergoing change and is characterized by fluid definitions of function and interactions that are equally lateral as they are vertical. (CAR)
This study investigates factors that may affect the use of decision support systems. The independent variables investigated included: characteristics of the decision makers such as age, educational level, experience, and cognitive style; characteristics of the decision support system such as response time, accuracy, timeliness, relevancy of output, format, and the distance traveled to interact with the system; and characteristics of the implementation process such as user involvement, user training, and top management support. The study included 8 systems and 64 subjects from the oil industry. The results indicated that the most important variables affecting decision support system usage were accuracy of output, user training, relevancy of output, and the decision maker's experience.
Subject Areas: Decision Support Systems, Information Management, and Organizational Behavior.
The desirability of a merger/acquisition alternative depends in part on the perceptions of the decision maker. What sources of information are “useful” to the decision maker & Does the set of useful information remain constant for all decision makers; if not, do individuals using similar information sets have similar information processing characteristics? Do these sets vary as feedback is obtained during the decision process? To answer these questions, graduate students participated in a modified Delphi experiment, and the resulting data were analyzed by the two-way aligned-ranks nonparametric test. These test results affirm that in a merger/acquisition scenario, decision makers with different cognitive styles prefer different sets of information and these sets vary dynamically as feedback is incorporated in the decision-making process. Furthermore, information that contains worker and community welfare considerations is identified as “useful” five times more frequently by decision makers with a “feeling” cognitive style than those with a “thinking” style.
ABSTRACTA considerable amount of research has been conducted over a long period of time into the effects of graphical and tabular representations on decision-making performance. To date, however, the literature appears to have arrived at few conclusions with regard to the performance of the two representations. This paper addresses these issues by presenting a theory, based on information processing theory, to explain under what circumstances one representation outperforms the other. The fundamental aspects of the theory are: (1) although graphical and tabular representations may contain the same information, they present that information in fundamentally different ways; graphical representations emphasize spatial information, while tables emphasize symbolic information; (2) tasks can be divided into two types, spatial and symbolic, based on the type of information that facilitates their solution; (3) performance on a task will be enhanced when there is a cognitive fit (match) between the information emphasized in the representation type and that required by the task type; that is, when graphs support spatial tasks and when tables support symbolic tasks; (4) the processes or strategies problem solvers use are the crucial elements of cognitive fit since they provide the link between representation and task; the processes identified here are perceptual and analytical; (5) so long as there is a complete fit of representation, processes, and task type, each representation will lead to both quicker and more accurate problem solving. The theory is validated by its success in explaining the results of published studies that examine the performance of graphical and tabular representations in decision making.
Organizational investment in information systems is often large and risky given the variety of information requirements placed on systems today. To make more informed decisions and to meet the challenge of developing systems that satisfy these demands, system developers need to achieve a better understanding of factors that ultimately lead to system usage. To enhance this understanding, we posit a holistic framework to examine several constructs suggested in the literature that lead to the behavioral intention to use an information system. Our framework includes situational involvement, intrinsic involvement, argument for change, perceived usefulness, ease of use, prior usage, and attitude constructs. We extend the Davis, Bagozzi, and Warshaw Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), which is founded on the Theory of Reasoned Action. A diverse sample from industry is used to test our model. Structural equation modeling is used to examine the entire pattern of intercorrelations among the constructs and to test related propositions. A hierarchical structure is used to compare the explanatory ability of TAM with our extension. Our model explains a large portion of the covariance among the constructs that lead to a user's behavioral intention to use an information system and compares favorably with TAM. The results indicate that (1) the direct effect of situational involvement on behavioral intention as well as attitude is significant in the negative direction, (2) attitude seems to play a mediating role, and (3) intrinsic involvement plays a significant role in shaping perceptions. Finally, we conclude that the user involvement construct needs to be separated into its psychological as well as its participative components for developers to understand its impact on the systems development process.
Davis et al. (Davis, F. D., R. P. Bagozzi, P. R. Warshaw. 1989. User acceptance of computer technology: A comparison of two theoretical models. Management Sci. 35(8) 982--1003.) proposed, tested, and revised the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), which attempts to explain and predict why users sometimes accept and sometimes reject information systems (IS). The research reported here (1) provides a confirmatory, empirical test of the revised TAM and (2) introduces and objective measure of technology acceptance, actual usage rather than self-report usage. Subjects' beliefs about the usefulness and ease of use of an electronic mail system, their intentions to use the system, and their usage of it 15 weeks later were measured in a longitudinal study. The results confirmed that the TAM is a valuable tool for predicting intentions to use an IS. The findings here combined with results from other studies in this area suggest that the original TAM may be more appropriate than the two-version revised TAM. However, the addition of an experience component to the original TAM may be a significant enhancement. In addition, the results support that self-report usage may not be an appropriate surrogate measure for actual usage.
Centralization and formalization have previously been employed in research designs investigating organizational innovation. The results, however, have been mixed. Three arguments are raised toward explaining this inconsistency. First, innovation is a multi-phased process in which the influence of centralization and formalization could be expected to differ. Second, as innovations may vary with regard to their compatibility to individuals in organizations, the expected influence of centralization and formalization may also vary. Third, organizational innovations may be directed toward particular vested interests, such as the technical or administrative core. Accordingly, the influence of centralization and formalization may also vary.
This paper reports on a study which examines the influence of centralization and formalization on organizational innovation given the arguments given above. The effectiveness of employing structural overlays to overcome the conflicting forces often arising between organizational processes and particular organizational behaviors—such as innovative behavior—is investigated as well.
Managers of 49 software development groups responded to a questionnaire assessing the influences of centralization and formalization on the initiation, adoption, and implementation of six modern software practices (MSP) within their software groups. Three of the MSP were technical in nature and three were administrative. The technical MSP were viewed as being incompatible to the technical core. Two structural overlays were investigated regarding their ability to improve the diffusion process: the existence of a formal body responsible for identifying MSP and introducing them into the software group; and, the assignment of computer specialists to projects as “set” teams.
Of the numerous factors believed to influence MIS success, the area of individual differences has by far been the most extensively studied. This paper synthesizes the findings of empirical investigations of the manner in which individual differences impact MIS success. Suggestions are made regarding those aspects which would benefit most from future research.
Analysis of Ordinal Categorical Data Alan Agresti Statistical Science Now has its first coordinated manual of methods for analyzing ordered categorical data. This book discusses specialized models that, unlike standard methods underlying nominal categorical data, efficiently use the information on ordering. It begins with an introduction to basic descriptive and inferential methods for categorical data, and then gives thorough coverage of the most current developments, such as loglinear and logit models for ordinal data. Special emphasis is placed on interpretation and application of methods and contains an integrated comparison of the available strategies for analyzing ordinal data. This is a case study work with illuminating examples taken from across the wide spectrum of ordinal categorical applications. 1984 (0 471-89055-3) 287 pp. Regression Diagnostics Identifying Influential Data and Sources of Collinearity David A. Belsley, Edwin Kuh and Roy E. Welsch This book provides the practicing statistician and econometrician with new tools for assessing the quality and reliability of regression estimates. Diagnostic techniques are developed that aid in the systematic location of data points that are either unusual or inordinately influential; measure the presence and intensity of collinear relations among the regression data and help to identify the variables involved in each; and pinpoint the estimated coefficients that are potentially most adversely affected. The primary emphasis of these contributions is on diagnostics, but suggestions for remedial action are given and illustrated. 1980 (0 471-05856-4) 292 pp. Applied Regression Analysis Second Edition Norman Draper and Harry Smith Featuring a significant expansion of material reflecting recent advances, here is a complete and up-to-date introduction to the fundamentals of regression analysis, focusing on understanding the latest concepts and applications of these methods. The authors thoroughly explore the fitting and checking of both linear and nonlinear regression models, using small or large data sets and pocket or high-speed computing equipment. Features added to this Second Edition include the practical implications of linear regression; the Durbin-Watson test for serial correlation; families of transformations; inverse, ridge, latent root and robust regression; and nonlinear growth models. Includes many new exercises and worked examples.
End-user training is considered to be one of the top ten issues for management information systems management in the 1980s. Central to addressing end-user training is the appropriate training method for use to secure the most efficient and effective results. This study explored, by experimental means, the two extremes ’of training techniques: the lecture method with a trainer, and the self-study method. Also, the study examined the effect of end-user personal characteristics on end-user learning performance in the training environments. The results of the study provided some guidelines for organizations pursuing end-user training, and suggestions for additional study.
Using survey data from 776 knowledge workers from a university, this exploratory study generates and tests eight propositions concerning the relationship between individual differences and computer skill. A multiple regression analysis showed that the male gender, younger age, more experience with computers, an attitude of confidence regarding computers, lower math anxiety, and a creative cognitive style are individual difference variables associated with higher computer skill. The regression also indicated that the individual difference variables accounted for 56 percent of the variance associated with computer skill. These findings suggest that organizations should manage EUC using two complementary processes: a global process and an individual process. The global or organizationwide process would be responsible for areas such as standards, controls, and security. The individual process would address issues such as education and training, selection and recruitment, and the introduction of new technology into the workplace.
Learning second and subsequent programming languages is easier than learning a first programming language because many concepts and constructs are shared. However, it is still a hard task. In this protocol analysis of moderately experienced programmers transferring to a new programming language, we classified episodes by whether they involved the syntactic, semantic, or planning level of programming knowledge. We discovered that most episodes involve planning and that in solving a given subproblem there are typically many cycles of language‐independent tactical planning followed by language‐dependent implementation planning. On the other hand, programmers have relatively minor problems with the syntax and semantics of a new language. Our subjects’ protocols and their final programs revealed that the plans they develop are strongly influenced by their knowledge of what would be convenient and appropriate in other languages they know. This prevents them from taking full advantage of the capabilities of the new language.