Content uploaded by John E Ware
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by John E Ware on Apr 24, 2015
Content may be subject to copyright.
SF-12: How to Score the SF-12 Physical and Mental Health Summary Scales
... • EORTC QLQ-CIPN20 contains 20 items that summarize as an 18-item peripheral neuropathy sum score, which is a multi-item symptom domain excluding items 19 and 20 [22]. • SF12v2 contains 12 items that summarize as two component summary scores (physical and mental) [23]. ...
... The PRO domain scores were calculated for each patient at each scheduled HRQL assessment time point using the related scoring manuals [23,25]. All "never responses" were set to "missing". ...
Purpose
Non-response (NR) to patient-reported outcome (PRO) questionnaires may cause bias if not handled appropriately. Collecting reasons for NR is recommended, but how reasons for NR are related to missing data mechanisms remains unexplored. We aimed to explore this relationship for intermittent NRs.
Methods
Patients with multiple myeloma completed validated PRO questionnaires at enrolment and 12 follow-up time-points. NR was defined as non-completion of a follow-up assessment within seven days, which triggered contact with the patient, recording the reason for missingness and an invitation to complete the questionnaire (denoted “salvage response”). Mean differences between salvage and previous on-time scores were estimated for groups defined by reasons for NR using linear regression with clustered standard errors. Statistically significant mean differences larger than minimal important difference thresholds were interpreted as “missing not at random” (MNAR) mechanism (i.e. assumed to be related to declining health), and the remainder interpreted as aligned with “missing completely at random” (MCAR) mechanism (i.e. assumed unrelated to changes in health).
Results
Most (7228/7534 (96%)) follow-up questionnaires were completed; 11% (802/7534) were salvage responses. Mean salvage scores were compared to previous on-time scores by reason: those due to hospital admission, mental or physical reasons were worse in 10/22 PRO domains; those due to technical difficulties/procedural errors were no different in 21/22 PRO domains; and those due to overlooked/forgotten or other/unspecified reasons were no different in any domains.
Conclusion
Intermittent NRs due to hospital admission, mental or physical reasons were aligned with MNAR mechanism for nearly half of PRO domains, while intermittent NRs due to technical difficulties/procedural errors or other/unspecified reasons generally were aligned with MCAR mechanism.
... The SF-12 health survey is the SF-12v2, an abbreviated version of SF-36 (Sanderson and Andrews, 2002). The 12 items were shown to predict at least 90% of the physical and mental summary scales derived by Ware et al. (1995) from SF-36. This self-reported scale measures the following eight domains: physical functioning, role-physical, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, role-emotional, and mental health. ...
... The scores ranged from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better physical and mental health (Orji et al., 2020). A score of ≤50 on PCS-12 has been recommended as the cutoff to determine a physical condition, and a score of ≤42 on MCS-12 indicated clinical depression (Ware et al., 1995). The physical component summary and the mental component summary showed a good internal consistency and reliability, as evidenced by alpha coefficients of 0.89 and 0.76, respectively (Ware et al., 1994). ...
Children with disabilities face unique challenges that affect their well-being and quality of life (QOL). This study explores the intersectionality of disability and coping strategies in Saudi Arabia, a context in which comprehensive research on this topic is scarce. Cultural barriers hinder research participation, and data on the prevalence of disabilities are limited. A cross-sectional design was used to capture the dynamic relationship between coping strategies and QOL. A stratified random sample of 369 children (aged 6-18 years) from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds was studied. QOL was measured using the short form-12 health survey to assess the physical and mental components. Coping strategies were assessed using the validated COPE inventory. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the association between QOL and coping strategies. The significance level was set at a P value of <0.05 throughout the analysis. The findings of this study revealed that participants with auditory problem have shown better QOL as compared to children with other disabilities. Participants with visual problems reported a greater use of emotional support, information support, positive reframing, acceptance, and religious coping. Children with autism were found to use only coping strategies. Participants with intellectual disabilities used behavioral and humorous coping strategies. Participants with auditory problems believed in active coping, denial, and substance abuse. Physical functioning, physical role, bodily pain, emotional role, and physical component summary were found to be significantly and negatively correlated with coping strategies, whereas general health, vitality, social functioning, and mental health were positively and significantly related to coping strategies. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that emotional support, denial, behavioral disengagement, self-blame, religion, acceptance, humor, and substance abuse were significant predictors of QOL. Overall, the findings of this study emphasize the complexity of addressing the needs of disabled children and the importance of holistic and culturally sensitive approaches in rehabilitation and support programs.
... These were taken on an exploratory basis, but it was predicted that better health, better attitudes toward ageing, increased fear of death, less loneliness, and increased leisure activities would all correspond to greater levels of physical activity. The SF12 health questionnaire was used to subjectively measure the physical and mental health of participants with responses adapted using norms from Ware et al. (1995). Questions address limits to physical and mental accomplishments over the previous four weeks, with higher scores representing better health. ...
... Questions address limits to physical and mental accomplishments over the previous four weeks, with higher scores representing better health. The scale has been widely established as reliable and valid across multiple investigations (Ware et al., 1995) and it is currently used by the NHS England. ...
Global aging means that establishing methods to promote physical
activity in older consumers has positive health outcomes. Four
studies were conducted that investigated the role of support in
encouraging physical activity in older consumers. Study 1
qualitatively showed that external social and technological
support alongside internal motivational goals was responsible for
driving physical activity in older consumers. Studies 2 and 3
established if cognitive ageing theory on environmental support
could encourage imagery appeals and increase motivation for
physical exercise. Physical exercise was easier to visualize and was
more appealing when promoted to older consumers who were
standing up compared to sitting down. Study 4 showed that
older consumers were least confident at completing vigorous
physical activity, which should be a focus for industry and
policymakers. Overall, support that reduces cognitive demands
may be an effective method of encouraging physical activity by
improving visualization and raising motivation and confidence in
older consumers.
... Generic HRQoL PROMs were also identified, with the most widely cited including the McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire 27 (n = 12 citations) and the Short-Form-36 (SF-36) 28,29 (n = 10 citations). Two PROMs were preference-based measures (EuroQol 5-Dimension 5 Level 30 and EuroQol 5-Dimension 3-Level 31 ), and utilities may be derived indirectly from a further 3 instruments (SF-12 version 2, 32 SF-12 version 1, 33 and SF-36 28,29 ). The number of items in PROMs ranged from 3 (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System pain intensity questionnaire 34 ...
... The results could be resumed in "Not limited in moderate activities; Not limited in moderate activities; Accomplished as much work as would like (unaffected by physical health); Not limited in any kind of work or other activities in last week (unaffected by physical health); Accomplished as much work as would like (unaffected by emotional problems); Works as carefully as usual (unaffected by emotional problems); No interference of pain with normal work; Had a lot of energy all of the time; Felt downhearted and blue none of the time; In general, health is very good; Felt calm and peaceful most of the time; Physical or emotional health interferes with social activities a little of the time" [27][28][29][30]. ...
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common complex musculoskeletal disorder, resulting from the degeneration of the articular cartilage and characterized by joint pain and dysfunction that culminate in progressive articular cartilage loss. We present our experience in the management of hip and knee OA by means of the intra-articular injection of fat micrograft, describing our approach, which was developed from the belief in the powerful reparative effect of autologous fat graft on damaged tissue, as well as its natural lubricating effect on the joints. Inclusion criteria were as follows: men and women, aged 20 to 80 years, that referred articular pain of the hips and/or knees, showing initial-stage degenerative OA. From October 2018 to July 2023, a total of 250 patients underwent treatment with the Sefficare® device (SEFFILINE srl, Bologna, Italy). The Superficial Enhanced Fluid Fat Injection device was used to perform autologous regenerative treatments in a safe, standardized, easy, and effective way on 160 women, 64%, and 90 men, 36%. A total of 190 procedures (76%) involved the knees, with 20 patients who were bilaterally treated, while 60 procedures, all unilateral, involved the hips (24%). The mean age at treatment was 52.4 years. Before treatment, each patient had undergone X-rays and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the painful hip/knee to evaluate and grade the articular OA. Postoperatively, each patient was assessed after one, three, six, and twelve months. The donor site postoperative course was uneventful other than minimal discomfort. Clinically, the ROM (range of motion) of the treated knee/hip increased an average of 10 degrees 3 months after treatment, but the stiffness was reduced, as reported by the patients. The VAS (Visual Analog Scale) was submitted at 3, 6, and 12 months, demonstrating a progressive reduction of pain, with the best score obtained at six months postoperatively. In total, 85% of patients were satisfied one year after treatment, with a considerable improvement in pain and quality of life. The satisfactory outcome of this minimally invasive procedure indicates that the intra-articular injection of fat micrograft can replace or considerably delay the need for the classical major joint replacement surgery, thanks to its impact on the quality of life of patients and financial cost.
... The Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 12-item Survey (SF-12v2) was used to quantify patients' general HRQoL. 20,21 The SF12-v2 is a generic health status instrument. Two-component summary scores were derived, the Mental Component Summary (MCS) and Physical Component Summary (PCS) score, 20,22 using a norm-based algorithm where the mean is set to 50 and the standard deviation (SD) is 10. ...
Background
Skin diseases can have a significant impact on the physical, psychological and social well‐being of patients. Quantification of the burden of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) compared to other dermatological conditions is limited.
Objectives
To evaluate the comparative humanistic and economic burden of CSU, atopic dermatitis (AD), and psoriasis (PSO) in five European countries (EU5).
Methods
This cross‐sectional analysis compared data from adult respondents with a physician diagnosis of CSU, AD and PSO from the 2020 National Health and Wellness Survey in EU5 (France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom). Outcomes included Short Form (SF)‐12v2 [mental (MCS) and physical component (PCS) summary scores], SF‐6D, EQ‐5D, EQ‐Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), General Anxiety Disorder‐7 (GAD‐7), Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9), Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI) and healthcare resource utilization (HRU). Multivariable analyses comparing CSU to AD and PSO, respectively, were conducted for each outcome.
Results
This analysis included 379 CSU, 788 AD and 2,636 PSO patients. Adjusted MCS and PCS scores were lower among CSU patients than AD (MCS, p = 0.006; PCS, p < 0.001) and PSO (p < 0.001 for all). SF‐6D and EQ‐5D scores were consistently lower among CSU patients versus AD and PSO (p < 0.001 for all), whereas the EQ VAS was lower in CSU cohort versus PSO cohort (p = 0.003). Higher DLQI scores were reported in the CSU cohort versus AD and PSO (p < 0.001 for both) and the proportion of patients with anxiety and depression, respectively, (GAD‐7 and PHQ‐9 scores ≥5) was greater among the CSU cohort versus AD and PSO (p < 0.001 for all). Finally, higher HRUs and worse WPAI scores (p < 0.005) were observed in the CSU cohort relative to AD and PSO cohort.
Conclusions
CSU is associated with significantly worse health‐related quality of life, more mental comorbidities, negative impact on patients' daily lives and the ability to work, ultimately leading to higher HRU compared with AD and PSO.
... Initially, descriptive statistics were performed, and the PCS and MCS sum scores for RAND-12 were analysed according to Ware et al. 27 Analyses of preferences ► In your own home. ► In the home of a relative or a friend. ...
Objectives
The aim was: (1) to investigate preferred place for end-of-life care and death for bereaved family members who had recently lost a person with advanced illness and (2) to investigate associations between bereaved family members’ preferences and individual characteristics, health-related quality of life, as well as associations with their perception of the quality of care that the ill person had received, the ill person’s preferred place of death and involvement in decision-making about care.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey with bereaved family members, employing descriptive statistics and multinominal logistic regression analyses.
Results
Of the 485 participants, 70.7% were women, 36.1% were ≥70 years old, 34.5% were partners and 51.8% were children of the deceased. Of the bereaved family members, 52% preferred home for place of end-of-life care and 43% for place of death. A higher likelihood of preferring inpatient palliative care was associated with being female and having higher education, whereas a lower likelihood of preferring a nursing home for the place of care and death was associated with higher secondary or higher education. Partners were more likely to prefer hospital for place of care and nursing home for place of death.
Conclusions
Home was the most preferred place for end-of-life care and death. Bereaved people’s experiences of end-of-life care may impact their preferences, especially if they had a close relationship, such as a partner who had a higher preference for nursing home and hospital care. Conversations about preferences for the place of care and death considering previous experience are encouraged.
... During the study periods, we will measure the severity of their symptoms using the IBS-SSS [21], which is validated in the Greek population [22], the general quality of life (QoL) using the 12-item Short Form Survey (SF12) questionnaire, which is commonly used [23,24] and validated in the Greek population [25], the IBS-associated quality of life using the Irritable Bowel Syndrome-Quality of Life Measure (IBS-QoL) [26,27], which has been validated in the past [28][29][30][31][32]. IBS burden symptoms will be measured using the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale-IBS version (GSRS-IBS) designed to assess gastrointestinal symptoms specifically for IBS participants [33]. ...
Introduction: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms can be effectively managed with the low FODMAP diet. However, its efficacy in reducing inflammation is not yet proven. On the contrary, the Mediterranean diet has anti-inflammatory properties with proven efficacy in treating chronic low-grade inflammation-related diseases. Aim: To publicly share our protocol evaluating the efficacy of the Mediterranean low-FODMAP (MED-LFD) versus NICE recommendations (British National Institute for Health and Care Excellence) diet in managing IBS symptoms and quality of life. Materials and Methods: Participants meeting the Rome IV criteria will be randomly assigned to MED-LFD or NICE recommendations and they will be followed for six months. Efficacy, symptom relief, quality of life and mental health will be assessed using validated questionnaires. In addition, fecal samples will be analyzed to assess gut microbiota, and to measure branched and short-chain fatty acids, and volatile organic compounds (metabolic byproducts from bacteria). Expected results and discussion: By publicly sharing this clinical study protocol, we aim to improve research quality in the field of IBS management by allowing for peer review feedback, preventing data manipulation, reducing redundant research efforts, mitigating publication bias, and empowering patient decision-making. We expect that this protocol will show that MED-LFD can effectively alleviate IBS symptoms and it will provide pathophysiology insights on its efficacy. The new dietary pattern that combines the LFD and the MED approaches allows for the observation of the synergistic action of both diets, with the MED’s anti-inflammatory and prebiotic properties enhancing the effects of the LFD while minimizing its limitations. Identifier in Clinical Trials: NCT03997708
Background
Disadvantaged populations, especially those living in rural and informal settlements, constitute the most affected during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there is limited information on the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and indirect consequences of non-pharmaceutical interventions implemented during the pandemic.
Methods
We leveraged on an ongoing prospective open-cohort survey and performed a cross-sectional analysis of data collected between November 2021 and July 2022 among 793 residents above age 5 in a large slum community in the city of Salvador, Brazil. We describe the HRQOL of residents, explored participants' perception about the pandemic, and the relationship between sociodemographic, economic and employment data on physical and mental health scores using both χ 2 statistics and separate mixed-effects regression models.
Results
Most participants were female (58.9%), aged 18-45 years (45%), with nearly half (49.7%) employed before pandemic, of whom 38.8% lost jobs during the pandemic. Food insecurity was 69.6%, and only 27.1% received government aid. Those retaining employment during the pandemic had better physical (β: 4.02, 95% CI 1.34 to 6.69, p<0.001) and mental (β: 3.08, 95% CI 0.60 to 5.56, p<0.001) health. Females had lower physical health scores than males (β: −2.44, 95% CI −3.94 to −0.94, p=0.002). Older participants had lower physical health scores (β: −9.11, 95% CI −12.14 to −6.07, p<0.001), but higher schooling improved physical health (p<0.001). Females and older adults faced more COVID-impacted challenges (p<0.001) related to health, education, family, social relationships, work, finances and employment.
Conclusion
We found lower HRQOL among adults, females, the unemployed and those with lower school attainment. In addition, women and individuals in older age groups reported experiencing COVID-impacted mental challenges more frequently than others. These findings highlight the need to prioritise creation of economic opportunities and expansion of existing assistance programmes for marginalised populations residing in these slums.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.