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ISSN 1545-150X
California Academy of Sciences
A N N O T A T E D C H E C K L I S T S O F F I S H E S
Number 31 February 2004
Family Liparidae Scopoli 1777
snailfishes
By
Natalia V. Chernova
1
, David L. Stein
2
, Anatole P. Andriashev
1
1
Laboratory of Ichthyology, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences
Universitetskaya nab. 1, St. Petersburg, 199034 Russia
email: chernova@nc10034.spb.edu (NVC); antarct@zin.ru (APA)
2
National Marine Fisheries Service Systematics Laboratory,
P.O. Box 37012, National Museum of Natural History MRC 0153, Washington, D.C. 20013
email: david.stein@noaa.gov
Snailfishes are a large and morphologically diverse family of marine fishes within the order Scorpaen-
iformes. This checklist treats 334 species and 29 genera as valid, but much work remains to be done on the
taxonomy and these numbers will continue to change. Many snailfish taxa are uncommon or rare, and new
species are frequently described. In snailfishes the pelvic fins are modified to form a ventral sucking disk,
which may be reduced or lost in deep-sea and pelagic forms. They lack scales, and the skin is soft and
frequently contains a more or less thick gelatinous layer that may have a buoyancy function. The cephalic
pore system is well developed in snailfishes, but they usually lack a lateral line canal and pores; many
species have free neuromasts either in place of a lateral line or scattered over the body. Maximum known
length is about 80 cm (31.5 in), but usually they are 20–30 cm (8–12 in) or shorter; dwarf species having
adult females about 1 cm (0.4 in) in length are known.
Abundant and speciose in temperate and cold regions of the Pacific and Atlantic, in polar waters, and
in the deep sea, snailfishes occur from the intertidal to the maximum depth known for fishes of 7,587 m
(Andriashev and Pitruk 1993 [ref. 21310]). They are one of the most speciose families of fishes in the
Southern Ocean (Andriashev and Stein 1998 [ref. 23367]), the North Pacific (Mecklenburg et al. 2002 [ref.
25968]), and the Arctic. They also occur in the deep Indian Ocean, but only a few species are known from
there. We expect many more species to be described from poorly sampled regions, especially the deep sea.
Most snailfishes are benthic or benthopelagic, but pelagic genera and species exist (Genioliparis,
Lipariscus, Nectoliparis, Odontoliparis, Psednos). Food consists usually of small benthic organisms, such
as crustaceans and annelids, but some deep-sea genera (e.g., Genioliparis, Odontoliparis) are predators on
nekton. Fecundity tends to be low to very low (as few as six ripe eggs at one time), and eggs are
correspondingly large (sometimes to 8 mm diameter). Some species lay their eggs in the gill cavities of
crabs, scallops, and possibly other invertebrates. Parental care seems likely but has not been demonstrated.
Many species probably have direct development (eggs hatch as juveniles rather than as larvae) with no
planktonic stage, a characteristic likely to have influenced the high diversity and endemism demonstrated
by the family. Liparids have no commercial value or use.
Liparid and cyclopterid fishes form the Cyclopteroidea, a sister group of the superfamily Cottoidea
(Yabe 1985 [ref. 11522]). Intrafamilial relationships are very poorly understood, and although subfamilies
have been proposed (Paraliparidinae, Careproctinae, Rhodichthyinae, Nectoliparidinae), we believe there is
insufficient information to support their use. Although it is possible to divide the family into diskbearing
and diskless groups (Liparinae and Paraliparinae; Gill 1891 [ref. 26641], with grammatical emendations),
because so little is known of intrafamilial relationships we do not do so. Kido (1988 [ref. 12287]) published
Checklist No. 31. Liparidae — snailfishes
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2
a paraphyletic cladistic analysis of the family including only western North Pacific species and genera, and
Balushkin (1996 [ref. 22524]) presented a cladogram for some liparid genera based on seven characters.
Neither proposed phylogeny was based on a complete review of the family.
Two nominal species previously classified among the snailfishes belong to other families. Liparoides
beauchampi Lloyd 1909 [ref. 2814] is a cottoid (Stein 1978 [ref. 26640]) and Menziesichthys bacescui
Nalbant & Mayer 1971 [ref. 23676] from the Peru–Chile Trench is probably an ophidiid.
It is not easy to distinguish among species in the most speciose snailfish genera, and even specimens in
perfect condition can be extremely difficult to identify. Because liparids are soft-bodied and scaleless they
are easily damaged, often making identification more difficult or impossible. Characters of particular
importance for identification include the usual meristics such as fin ray and vertebral counts, and
measurements such as head length and body depth relative to standard length. Other important characters
include those of the teeth (shape, number, and arrangement in the jaws), pyloric caeca (number, color, and
shape), gill opening (length and position), cephalic sensory canal system (number, size, position, and
presence or absence of pores), and pectoral fin rays (number, spacing, lengths, and development).
Characters of the pectoral girdle (number and shape of radials, shape of scapula and coracoid, and presence
or absence of foramina) are particularly useful, but examination of these requires dissection, clearing, and
staining to show bone or cartilage.
One possible fossil liparid species has been reported: Liparis (?) minusculus (Nolf 1977:45, pl.18, figs.
14–16 [ref. 26877]) from the Oligo–Miocene of Belgium. This species is known only from the otoliths, and
they are very similar to those of recent Liparis liparis (Linnaeus) and L. gibbus Bean (Chernova 1989 [ref.
26867]). Nolf (pers. comm., 2000) recently suggested it might be a scorpaenid.
In an unpublished thesis, Pitruk (1991 [ref. 26878]) reviewed much of the family from the Okhotsk
Sea, suggested a phylogeny, and proposed new names and taxa. However, although 100 copies of a detailed
abstract were printed and distributed widely, because the purpose of the unpublished manuscript was not to
provide “a public and permanent scientific record” (Article 8.2, International Code of Zoological Nomen-
clature, 4th edition, 1999) but rather to provide a record of the thesis and its subject, none of the names or
taxa included therein are available for use and thus are not included in the checklist.
The original spelling of the subfamily name Liparinae (Gill 1861 [ref. 1766]), grammatically incorrect,
was corrected to Liparidinae (Gill 1864 [ref. 1700]). The spelling Liparididae was then widely used for the
family in the literature (Vogt 1988:130 [ref. 6625]), but the correct spelling was recently fixed as Liparidae
by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1992 [ref. 26873]). The ICZN (1993 [ref.
26874]), in an erratum, confirmed the gender of the genus Liparis as being masculine, not feminine, and we
have changed a number of names to correspond with this decision.
Genus Acantholiparis Gilbert & Burke 1912
Acantholiparis Gilbert & Burke 1912:83 [ref. 1634]. Type species Acantholiparis opercularis
Gilbert & Burke 1912. Type by original designation (also monotypic).
Acantholiparis caecus Grinols 1969
Acantholiparis caecus Grinols 1969:1237, Fig. 1 [ref. 7815] (ne. Pacific, 45°39'N, 125°18'W,
2,122 m).
Holotype: USNM 202175.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern North Pacific: British Columbia
to northern California; 1,300–2,122 m.
Acantholiparis opercularis Gilbert & Burke 1912
Acantholiparis opercularis Gilbert & Burke 1912:83, Fig. 28 [ref. 1634] (off Staritschkof I., e.
coast of Kamchatka, Russia, Albatross sta. 4797, 52°37'30"N, 158°50'E, 682 fm). Holotype:
USNM 74390.
DISTRIBUTION: North Pacific: off southeastern Kamchatka, Commander Islands, southern
Alaska near Shumagin Islands, and Oregon; 1,222-3,609 m.
Checklist No. 31. Liparidae — snailfishes
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Genus Allocareproctus Pitruk & Fedorov 1993
Allocareproctus Pitruk & Fedorov 1993:16 [100 of English transl.] [ref. 22667]. Type species
Careproctus jordani Burke 1930. Type by original designation (also monotypic).
Allocareproctus jordani (Burke 1930)
Careproctus jordani Burke 1930:192 [ref. 702] (off Misaki, Kanagawa Pref., Sagami Bay, Japan).
Holotype (unique): FMNH 57514 [ex CM 6456].
Careproctus gilberti Jordan & Thompson 1914:282, Pl. 34 (figs. 1–1a [not 7–7a]) [ref. 2543] (off
Misaki, Kanagawa Pref., Sagami Bay, Japan). Holotype: FMNH 57514 [ex CM 6456].
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: off Honshu, Japan at Sagami Bay, Kuril Islands from
Urup to Onekotan, and eastern Okhotsk Sea; 75–500 m.
REMARKS: Careproctus jordani Burke 1930 is a replacement name for Careproctus gilberti
Jordan & Thompson 1914, which is preoccupied by Careproctus gilberti Burke 1912. Careproctus
pycnosoma Gilbert & Burke 1912 and Careproctus curilanus Gilbert & Burke 1912 may be senior
synonyms of this species in Allocareproctus.
Genus Careproctus Krøyer 1862
Careproctus Krøyer 1862:253 [ref. 2694]. Type species Liparis reinhardti Krøyer 1862. Type by
monotypy.
Enantioliparis Vaillant 1888:22 [ref. 4495]. Type species Enantioliparis pallidus Vaillant 1888.
Type by monotypy.
Bathyphasma Gilbert 1896:447 [ref. 1628]. Type species Bathyphasma ovigerum Gilbert 1896.
Type by monotypy.
Allurus Jordan & Evermann 1896:452 [ref. 2442]. Subgenus of Careproctus. Type species
Careproctus ectenes Gilbert 1896. Type by original designation (also monotypic).
Allochir Jordan & Evermann 1896:452 [ref. 2442]. Subgenus of Careproctus. Type species
Careproctus melanurus Gilbert 1892. Type by original designation (also monotypic).
Caremitra Jordan & Evermann 1896:452 [ref. 2442]. Subgenus of Careproctus. Type species
Careproctus simus Gilbert 1896. Type by original designation (also monotypic).
Allinectes Jordan & Evermann 1898:2866 [ref. 2445]. Subgenus of Careproctus. Type species
Careproctus ectenes Gilbert 1896. Type by being a replacement name.
Prognurus Jordan & Gilbert in Jordan & Evermann 1898:2866 [ref. 2445]. Type species
Prognurus cypselurus Jordan & Gilbert 1898. Type by original designation (also monotypic).
Careproctula Andriashev 2003:64 [ref. 26955]. Subgenus of Careproctus. Type species
Careproctus fedorovi Andriashev & Stein 1998. Type by original designation.
REMARKS: Allurus Jordan & Evermann 1896 is preoccupied by Allurus Förster 1862 (Hymen-
optera)
and Allurus Eisen 1873 (Oligochaeta) and was replaced by Allinectes Jordan & Evermann
1898. Temnocora Burke 1930 may be a junior synonym of Careproctus Krøyer 1862. Pseudo-
liparis Andriashev 1955 was described as a subgenus of Careproctus but is a valid genus.
Careproctus abbreviatus Burke 1930
Careproctus abbreviatus Burke 1930:128, Fig. 49 [ref. 702] (south of Alaska Peninsula, Albatross
sta. 3338, 54°19'00"N, 159°40'00"W, 625 fm). Holotype (unique): SU 3082.
DISTRIBUTION: North Pacific: south of the Alaska Peninsula; 1,143 m. Known with certainty
only from the holotype. Schmidt’s (1950:207–208 [ref. 12471]) record from the northern Okhotsk
Sea (325 m; 2 specimens) may be a different species.
Checklist No. 31. Liparidae — snailfishes
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Careproctus acaecus Andriashev 1991
Careproctus acaecus Andriashev 1991:714 [47 of English transl.], Figs. 2c, 3c, 4c [ref. 19147]
(sw. Atlantic, 47°17'S, 59°54'W, 750 m). Holotype (unique): ZIN 49763.
D I STRI BU TI O N: W ester n S o u th A tlan tic: o ff so u th er n A rg en tin a. K n o w n o n ly f r o m th e h o loty p e.
REMARKS: In the subgenus Careproctula.
Careproctus acanthodes Gilbert & Burke 1912
Careproctus acanthodes Gilbert & Burke 1912:363, Pl. 43 (fig. 3); Fig. 4 [ref. 1633] (Tatar Strait
off sw. coast of Sakhalin I., Russia, Albatross sta. 4997, 47°38'40"N, 141°24'30"E, 318 fm).
Holotype: USNM 73332.
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: northern Japan Sea (Tatar Strait) and Okhotsk Sea;
185–582 m.
REMARKS: Some authors consider this species a synonym of C. rastrinus Gilbert & Burke 1912.
Careproctus aciculipunctatus Andriashev & Chernova 1997
Careproctus aciculipunctatus Andriashev & Chernova 1997:437, Figs. 1–2 [ref. 23747] (ne.
Atlantic, 50°13.8'N, 14°36.1'W, 4,100 m). Holotype (unique): BMNH 1992.10.20.49.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern North Atlantic: Porcupine Basin. Known only from the holotype.
Careproctus acifer Andriashev & Stein 1998
Careproctus acifer Andriashev & Stein 1998:7, Figs. 3–4 [ref. 23367] (Scotia Sea, northwest of
South Orkney Is., 60°02'S, 49°09'W, 2,906–2,946 m). Holotype (unique): LACM 10733-1.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Ocean
3
: Scotia Sea. Known only from the holotype.
REMARKS: In the subgenus Careproctula.
Careproctus aculeolatus Andriashev 1991
Careproctus aculeolatus Andriashev 1991:712 [44 of English transl.], Figs. 2b, 3b, 4b [ref. 19147]
(sw. Atlantic north of Falkland Is., 47°16'S, 60°07'W, 700 m). Holotype: ISH 449-1978.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Ocean: off southern Argentina to southeast of the Falkland Islands;
540–970 m.
REMARKS: In the subgenus Careproctula.
Careproctus albescens Barnard 1927
Careproctus albescens Barnard 1927:76 [ref. 193] (off Cape Point, South Africa, 660–700 fm).
Holotype (unique): SAM 12524.
Careproctus griseldea Lloris 1982:101, Figs. 2–3 [ref. 8449] (off Namibia, upper border of sw.
African slope, 24°59'08"S, 13°33'03"E, 600 m). Holotype: IIPB 13/1981.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern South Atlantic: off Namibia to Cape Point, Cape of Good Hope, South
Africa; 600–1,464 m.
REMARKS: Careproctus griseldea is the adult of Careproctus albescens (Andriashev 2003 [ref.
26955]).
Careproctus ampliceps Andriashev & Stein 1998
Careproctus ampliceps Andriashev & Stein 1998:9, Fig. 5 [ref. 23367] (n. Ross Sea, 67°33'S,
179°34'W, 3,495–3,514 m). Holotype: LACM 11418-2.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Ocean: Ross Sea, Antarctica. Known only from the types.
REMARKS: In the subgenus Careproctula.
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Definition of the Southern Ocean follows Lutjeharms ( i n Go n a n d He e mst r a 19 9 0 : 6– 2 7 [r e f . 1 8 4 40 ] ) .
Checklist No. 31. Liparidae — snailfishes
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Careproctus armatus Andriashev 1991
Careproctus armatus Andriashev 1991:20, Fig. 4 [ref. 19920] (sw. Atlantic, between Falkland Is.
and Burdwood Bank, 53°12'S, 57°34'W, 1,210–1,290 m). Holotype (unique): ZIN 49586.
DISTRIBUTION: Western South Atlantic: Burdwood Bank. Known only from the holotype.
REMARKS: In the subgenus Careproctula.
Careproctus atakamensis Andriashev 1998
Careproctus atakamensis Andriashev 1998:548, Fig. [ref. 24171] (Atakama [Atacama] Trough,
17°41'S, 78°53'W, off Chile, e. Pacific, 3,080–2,710 m). Holotype (unique): ZIN 51255.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern South Pacific: off northern Chile. Known only from the holotype.
REMARKS: In the subgenus Careproctula.
Careproctus atrans Andriashev 1991
Careproctus atrans Andriashev 1991:707 [38 of English transl.], Fig. 1 [ref. 19147] (off the
continental slope of Argentina, 48°20'S, 58°07'W, 1,300 m). Holotype (unique): ZIN 49765.
D I STRI BU TI O N : W es ter n So u th A tlantic: o ff so u th er n A rg en tin a. K n o w n o n ly f r o m th e h o loty p e.
REMARKS: In the subgenus Careproctula.
Careproctus attenuatus Gilbert & Burke 1912
Careproctus attenuatus Gilbert & Burke 1912:79, Fig. 24 [ref. 1634] (off Agattu I., Aleutian Is.,
A lask a, Alb atro s s sta. 4 7 81 , 5 2°14 '3 0 "N , 1 74 °1 3'E, 48 2 f m) . H oloty pe ( un iqu e) : U SN M 7 43 86 .
DISTRIBUTION: North Pacific: south of Agattu Island, Aleutian Islands; 882 m. Known with
certainty only from the holotype. A record from the Okhotsk Sea off the southeastern coast of
Sakhalin has not been confirmed.
Careproctus aureomarginatus Andriashev 1991
Ca rep r o ctu s au r eom a r g in a tu s A nd r iash ev 19 9 1 :7 0 9 [4 1 o f En g lis h tr an sl.] , F ig s . 2 a, 3 a, 4a [ ref .
1 9 14 7 ] (s w . Atlantic south of Falkland Is., 52°40'S, 56°08'W, 1,660–1,665 m). Holotype
(unique): ZIN 49587.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Ocean: off Falkland Islands. Known only from the holotype.
REMARKS: In the subgenus Careproctula.
Careproctus bathycoetus Gilbert & Burke 1912
Careproctus bathycoetus Gilbert & Burke 1912:368, Pl. 45 (fig. 2); Fig. 10 [ref. 1633] (s. Okhotsk
Sea, Albatross sta. 5030, 46°29'30"N, 145°46'E, 1,800 fm). Holotype (unique): USNM 73337.
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: southern Okhotsk Sea; 3,292 m. Known only from the
holotype.
Careproctus batialis Popov 1933
Careproctus batialis Popov 1933:134 [ref. 6535] (Peter the Great Bay, Japan Sea, Russia,
42°23'N, 131°25'E, 1,225–1,980 m). Lectotype: ZIN 49813.
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: Japan Sea. Known only from the types.
REMARKS: The lectotype was designated by Pitruk (1993:51 [ref. 21226]).
Careproctus bowersianus Gilbert & Burke 1912
Careproctus bowersianus Gilbert & Burke 1912:76, Fig. 20 [ref. 1634] (Bowers Bank, Bering
Sea, Alaska, Albatross sta. 4772, 54°30'30"N, 179°14'E, 344 fm). Holotype: USNM 74382.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern North Pacific: southern Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands (Chagulak
Island); 629–800 m.
Checklist No. 31. Liparidae — snailfishes
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Careproctus cactiformis Andriashev 1990
Careproctus cactiformis Andriashev 1990:10, Fig. 2 [ref. 21079] (sw. Atlantic north of Falkland
Is., 43°30'S, 59°34'W, 399–536 m). Holotype (unique): ZIN 37446.
DISTRIBUTION: Western South Atlantic: east of Argentina. Known only from the holotype.
REMARKS: In the subgenus Careproctula.
Careproctus canus Kido 1985
Careproctus canus Kido 1985:6, Figs. 2, 3a [ref. 6720] (near Unalga I., Aleutian Is., Alaska,
51°35.1'N, 179°21.6'W, 300–350 m). Holotype: HUMZ 88339.
DISTRIBUTION: North Pacific: central and western Aleutian Islands and between Commander
and Aleutian islands (Near Strait); 244–434 m.
Careproctus catherinae Andriashev & Stein 1998
Careproctus catherinae Andriashev & Stein 1998:11, Fig. 6 [ref. 23367] (n. Ross Sea, 75°07'S,
175°51'W, 1,382–1,405 m). Holotype: LACM 11398-2.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Ocean: Ross Sea, Antarctica. Known only from the types.
Careproctus colletti Gilbert 1896
Careproctus colletti Gilbert 1896:442 [ref. 1628] (south of Alaska Peninsula, Albatross sta. 3338,
54°19'00"N, 159°40'00"W, 625 fm). Syntypes: SU 3488 (1), 3094 (2); USNM 48698 (1),
53033 (1).
Ca rep r o ctu s pu n iceu s Mor i 1 95 5 :2 , F igs . 2 –3 [ r ef . 7 76 6 ] (co ast o f K y o g as ak i, K y o to P ref ., s . J ap an
Sea, 300–500 m). Holotype (unique): Hyogo Univ. Agric. (apparently lost).
DISTRIBUTION: North Pacific: Japan Sea off Honshu and Hokkaido, Okhotsk Sea, Pacific off
Kuril Islands and southeastern Kamchatka to Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska; (64)
4
400–1,350 m.
REMARKS: Careproctus cryptacanthoides Krasyukova 1984, Careproctus entomelas Gilbert &
Burke 1912, and Careproctus entargyreus Gilbert & Burke 1912 may be junior synonyms.
Careproctus continentalis Andriashev & Prirodina 1990
Careproctus continentalis Andriashev & Prirodina 1990:8, Figs. 4–5 [ref. 19917] (ne. coast of
Weddell Sea, 72°35'S, 18°07'W, 552 m). Holotype: ISH 59-1985.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Ocean: Weddell Sea, Antarctica; 425–600 m.
REMARKS: In the subgenus Careproctula.
Careproctus credispinulosus Andriashev & Prirodina 1990
Careproctus credispinulosus Andriashev & Prirodina 1990:710, Figs. 1, 2a [ref. 20114] (sw.
Atlantic, Walther Herwig sta. 33, 53°56'S, 35°40'W, 800 m). Holotype: ISH 336-1976.
DISTRIBUTION: Western South Atlantic: off South Georgia Island; 796–1,400 m.
REMARKS: In the subgenus Careproctula.
Careproctus cryptacanthoides Krasyukova 1984
Careproctus cryptacanthoides Krasyukova 1984:15, Fig. 8 [ref. 20305] (near Cape Aniva, s.
Sakhalin I., Okhotsk Sea, 207 m). Holotype: ZIN 41954 (112 mm).
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: southern Okhotsk Sea. Known only from the types.
REMARKS: May be a junior synonym of Careproctus colletti Gilbert 1896. “Careproctus
cryptocanthoides Schmidt sp. n.” in Lindberg (1959:255 [ref. 26863]) is a nomen nudum.
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Depths in parentheses are rare occurrences.
Checklist No. 31. Liparidae — snailfishes
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Careproctus curilanus Gilbert & Burke 1912
Careproctus curilanus Gilbert & Burke 1912:373, Pl. 47 (fig. 1); Fig. 15 [ref. 1633] (Simushir I.,
Kuril Is., Albatross sta. 4803, 46°42'N, 151°45'E, 229 fm). Holotype: USNM 73341.
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: Kuril Islands; 419 m. Known only from the two types,
both collected off Simushir Island.
REMARKS: Possibly a senior synonym of Allocareproctus jordani (Burke 1930).
Careproctus cyclocephalus Kido 1983
Careproctus cyclocephalus Kido 1983:375, Fig. 2 [ref. 8324] (off Abashiri, Okhotsk coast of
Hokkaido, Japan, 44°27'N, 144°26.5'E, 930–950 m). Holotype: HUMZ 77754.
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: Okhotsk Sea off Hokkaido, Kuril Islands, southeastern
Kamchatka; 134–1,140 m.
REMARKS: Careproctus cf. cyclocephalus was recorded off northern Kuril Islands; 288–542 m.
Careproctus cypseluroides Schmidt 1950
Careproctus cypseluroides Schmidt 1950:206 [198 of English transl.] [ref. 12471] (between St.
Jona [Iony] I. and Cape Elizaveta, n. Okhotsk Sea, 500 m). Holotype (unique): lost.
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: northern Okhotsk Sea. Known only from the types.
REMARKS: Appeared first as Careproctus cypseluroides in Taranetz (1937:137 [ref. 13384]) as a
nomen nudum.
Careproctus cypselurus (Jordan & Gilbert 1898)
Prognurus cypselurus Jordan & Gilbert in Jordan & Evermann 1898:2866 [ref. 2445] (off
Bogoslof I., Bering Sea, Albatross sta. 3634 [not 3644], 54°51'00"N, 167°27'00"W, 664 fm).
Holotype: USNM 48232.
DISTRIBUTION: North Pacific: Okhotsk Sea, northern Honshu to Kuril Islands and southeastern
Kamchatka, Bering Sea, British Columbia, and Washington; (35) 400–1,600 (1,993) m.
Careproctus dubius Zugmayer 1911
Careproctus dubius Zugmayer 1911:9 [ref. 6161] (Green Harbor, Spitsbergen, Princesse-Alice sta.
2632, 150 m).
Holotype (unique): MOM 0091-0987.
DISTRIBUTION: Arctic: Spitsbergen area; depth about 150 m.
REMARKS: A valid species, although previously synonymized with C. reinhardti and C. longi-
pinnis. S tu dies of C. rein h ar dti sens u lato are o ng o in g and d is tribu tio n of in clu ded sp ecies is u nclear.
Careproctus ectenes Gilbert 1896
Careproctus ectenes Gilbert 1896:442 [ref. 1628] (north of Unalaska I., Bering Sea, Alaska,
Albatross sta. 3331, 54°01'40"N, 166°48'50"W, 350 fm). Lectotype: USNM 48618.
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: Bering Sea north of Aleutian Islands; 494–640 m.
REMARKS: The lectotype was designated by Burke (1930:110 [ref. 702]).
Careproctus eltaninae Andriashev & Stein 1998
Careproctus eltaninae Andriashev & Stein 1998:17, Fig. 10 [ref. 23367] (n. Scotia Sea, south of
South Georgia I., 56°11'S, 38°36'W, 2,869–3,038 m). Holotype (unique): LACM 11062-2.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Ocean: Scotia Sea. Known only from the holotype.
REMARKS: In the subgenus Careproctula.
Careproctus entargyreus Gilbert & Burke 1912
Careproctus entargyreus Gilbert & Burke 1912:375, Pl. 47 (fig. 4); Fig. 18 [ref. 1633] (n. Japan
Sea, Albatross sta. 4988, 43°23'10"N, 140°21'10"E, 66 fm). Holotype: USNM 73344.
Checklist No. 31. Liparidae — snailfishes
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D I STRI BU TI O N: W ester n N o r th P acif ic: J ap an S ea o ff Ho k k aid o and S ak h alin ; 6 4– 1 2 1 m . K no w n
only from the types.
REMARKS: Careproctus entargyreus has been considered a junior synonym of Careproctus
colletti Gilbert 1896, but it is here treated as a valid species. Although the holotype was reported
in the original description to be from Tatar Strait the coordinates for Albatross station 4988 show
it to be from the Japan Sea off Hokkaido. The paratype is from farther north (station 5003), in
Tatar Strait off the southwestern coast of Sakhalin.
Careproctus entomelas Gilbert & Burke 1912
Careproctus entomelas Gilbert & Burke 1912:374, Pl. 47 (fig. 3); Fig. 17 [ref. 1633] (Shirunku
Bay, w. coast of Hokkaido, Japan, Albatross sta. 4983, 43°01'35"N, 140°10'40"E, 428 fm).
Holotype (unique): USNM 73343.
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: Japan Sea and Okhotsk Sea (Ekaterina Strait) off
Hokkaido, and southern Kuril Islands (Iturup); 232–783 m.
REMARKS: This species has been considered a junior synonym of Careproctus colletti Gilbert
1896, but here it is treated as a valid species.
Careproctus falklandicus (Lönnberg 1905)
L ipa r is a n ta rctica fa lkla n dica Lön nb er g 1 90 5 :1 7, P l. 3 ( fig. 1 2 ) [r ef. 2 83 9 ] (s w . Atlan tic, Bu rd wo o d
Bank, 53°45'S, 61°10'W, 137–150 m). Lectotype: NRM 1902.375.7320.
DISTRIBUTION: Western South Atlantic: Strait of Magellan to Falkland Islands and Burdwood
Bank; 16–150 m.
REMARKS: In the subgenus Careproctula. The lectotype was designated by Andriashev (1990:6
[ref. 21079]).
Careproctus fedorovi Andriashev & Stein 1998
Careproctus fedorovi Andriashev & Stein 1998:19, Fig. 12 [ref. 23367] (sw. Scotia Sea, 58°57'S,
54°07'W, 3,817–3,931 m). Holotype (unique): LACM 10747-12.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Ocean: Scotia Sea. Known only from the holotype.
REMARKS: In the subgenus Careproctula.
Careproctus filamentosus Stein 1978
Careproctus filamentosus Stein 1978:23, Fig. 8 [ref. 4203] (off Oregon, U.S.A., Yaquina cruise
Y 7 10 2 B, s ta. CP -2 - E, BMT 2 70 , 4 4°3 8 .4'N , 1 2 6 °42 .0 'W, 2 ,85 0 m ). H olo ty pe: U SN M 2 14 5 9 2 .
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern North Pacific: off Oregon; 2,265–2,940 m. Known only from the types.
Careproctus furcatus Mori 1956
Careproctus furcatus Mori 1956:17, Figs. 3–4 [ref. 12213] (off Oki I., s. Japan Sea). Holotype
(unique): Hyogo Univ. Agric. (apparently lost).
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: Japan Sea; depth not known. Known only from the
holotype.
REMARKS: May be a junior synonym of Liparis latifrons Schmidt 1950 or another valid species
of Liparis.
Careproctus furcellus Gilbert & Burke 1912
Careproctus furcellus Gilbert & Burke 1912:80, Fig. 25 [ref. 1634] (off sw. coast of Agattu I.,
Aleutian Is., Alaska, Albatross sta. 4781, 52°14'30"N, 174°13'E, 482 fm). Holotype: USNM
74387.
DISTRIBUTION: North Pacific: Okhotsk Sea, Pacific side of Hokkaido and Kuril Islands, Bering
Sea and Aleutian Islands, Gulf of Alaska; (98) 175–882 (1,270) m.
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Careproctus georgianus Lönnberg 1905
Careproctus georgianus Lönnberg 1905:41, Pl. 3 (fig. 11) [ref. 2839] (South Fjord, Cumberland
Bay, South Georgia I., sw. Atlantic, 195 m). Syntypes: NRM 11090 (1), 17882 (1).
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Ocean: off South Georgia Island; 85–285 m.
REMARKS: In the subgenus Careproctula.
Careproctus gilberti Burke 1912
Careproctus gilberti Burke 1912:570 [ref. 701] (Shelikof Strait north of Cape Uyak, Kodiak I.,
Alaska, U.S.A., Albatross sta. 4292, 102 fm). Holotype: USNM 64110.
Liparis osborni Townsend & Nichols 1925:14, Fig. 4 [ref. 4420] (north of Point Conception, ca.
35°N, California, U.S.A.). Holotype (unique): USNM 87554 [ex AMNH 8344].
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern North Pacific: off Aleutian Islands, Alaska, to southern California;
172–886 m.
REMARKS: In the subgenus Careproctula.
Careproctus guillemi Matallanas 1998
Careproctus guillemi Matallanas 1998:381, Figs. 1–2 [ref. 23501] (Weddell Sea, 70°09'S, 8°33'W,
2,315–2,334 m). Holotype (unique): ZUAB 001-1997.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Ocean: Weddell Sea, Antarctica. Known only from the holotype.
Careproctus herwigi Andriashev 1991
Careproctus herwigi Andriashev 1991:14, Fig. 2 [ref. 19920] (sw. Atlantic, Walther Herwig sta.
329/71, 41°13'S, 56°51'W, 1,250 m). Holotype (unique): ISH 262-71.
DISTRIBUTION: Western South Atlantic: off northern Argentina. Known only from the holotype.
Careproctus homopterus Gilbert & Burke 1912
Careproctus homopterus Gilbert & Burke 1912:374, Pl. 47 (fig. 2); Fig. 16 [ref. 1633] (southeast
of Cape Patience [Mys Terpeniya], Sakhalin, Okhotsk Sea, Albatross sta. 5029, 48°22'30"N,
145°43'30"E, 440 fm). Holotype (unique): USNM 73342.
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: Okhotsk Sea; 805 m. Known only from the holotype.
Careproctus hyaleius Geistdoerfer 1994
Careproctus hyaleius Geistdoerfer 1994:326, Fig. 1 [ref. 21530] (e. Pacific, 12°48.63'N,
103°56.41'W, 2,630 m). Holotype: MNHN 1993-99.
DISTRIBUTION: Tropical eastern Pacific: East pacific Ridge at hydrothermal vents. Known only
from the types.
Careproctus improvisus Andriashev & Stein 1998
Careproctus improvisus Andriashev & Stein 1998:26, Fig. 14 [ref. 23367] (shelf of n. South
Georgia I., 54°43'S, 38°36'W, 260–306 m). Holotype (unique): USNM 327895.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Ocean: off South Georgia Island. Known only from the holotype.
REMARKS: In the subgenus Careproctula.
Careproctus inflexidens Andriashev & Stein 1998
Careproctus inflexidens Andriashev & Stein 1998:26, Fig. 15 [ref. 23367] (ne. Ross Sea, 75°52'S,
168°53'W, 2,049–2,089 m). Holotype (unique): LACM 11142-1.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Ocean: Ross Sea, Antarctica. Known only from the holotype.
REMARKS: In the subgenus Careproctula.
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Careproctus lacmi Andriashev & Stein 1998
Careproctus lacmi Andriashev & Stein 1998:28, Fig. 16 [ref. 23367] (sw. Scotia Sea, 58°57'S,
54°07'W, 3,817–3,931 m). Holotype (unique): LACM 10747-4.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Ocean: Scotia Sea. Known only from the holotype.
REMARKS: In the subgenus Careproctula.
Careproctus leptorhinus Andriashev & Stein 1998
Careproctus leptorhinus Andriashev & Stein 1998:30, Fig. 17 [ref. 23367] (Yaghan Basin, south
of Burdwood Bank, 55°41'S, 60°55'W, 4,246–4,295 m). Holotype (unique): LACM 10453-4.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Ocean: Scotia Sea. Known only from the holotype.
REMARKS: In the subgenus Careproctula.
Careproctus longifilis Garman 1892
Careproctus longifilis Garman 1892:9 [ref. 1537] (southwest of Panama, Albatross sta. 3374,
2°35'00"N, 83°53'00"W, 1,828 fm).
Holotype (unique): MCZ 28703.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern Pacific: off Oregon to Panama; 1,900–3,334 m.
Careproctus longipectoralis Duhamel 1992
Careproctus longipectoralis Duhamel 1992:186, Fig. 2a [ref. 19909] (Norvegia Cape, Weddell
Sea, 71°08.8'S, 13°48.1'W, 2,025–2,037 m). Holotype (unique): MNHN 1991-0356.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Ocean: Weddell Sea, Antarctica. Known only from the holotype.
REMARKS: In the subgenus Careproctula.
Careproctus longipinnis Burke 1912
Careproctus longipinnis Burke 1912:510 [ref. 14836] (north of Faeroe Is., Ingolf sta. 139,
63°36'N, 7°30'W, 702 Danish fm). Holotype: ZMUC P-82180.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern North Atlantic: north of Faeroe Islands; 1,299 m.
REMARKS: Has been considered a junior synonym of Careproctus reinhardti Krøyer.
Careproctus macranchus Andriashev 1991
Careproctus macranchus Andriashev 1991:17, Fig. 3 [ref. 19920] (sw. Atlantic, off n. Argentina,
42°53'S, 58°16'W, 1,600–1,550 m). Holotype: ZIN 49588.
DISTRIBUTION: Western South Atlantic: off northern Argentina. Known only from the holotype.
REMARKS: In the subgenus Careproctula.
Careproctus macrodiscus Schmidt 1950
Careproctus macrodiscus Schmidt 1950:208 [200 of English transl.], Pl. 19 (fig. 2); Fig. 18 [ref.
12471] (n. Okhotsk Sea, 50°31'N, 149°10'E, 355 m). Holotype (unique): ZIN 24493.
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: Okhotsk Sea, northern Kuril Islands, southeastern
Kamchatka; 130–780 m.
Careproctus magellanicus Matallanas & Pequeño 2000
Careproctus magellanicus Matallanas & Pequeño 2000:523, Fig. 2 [ref. 24421] (Drake Passage,
55°32.8'S, 65°54.3'W, Patagonia, 2,394 m). Holotype (unique): MNHNC P.7125.
D I STRI BU TI O N: W ester n S o u th A tlan tic: n o rth eas t o f Cap e H o r n. K n ow n on ly fr o m th e h olo ty pe.
REMARKS: In the subgenus Careproctula.
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Careproctus marginatus Kido 1988
Careproctus marginatus Kido 1988:200, Fig. 38 [ref. 12287] (off Pacific coast of Hokkaido,
Japan, 41°58.3'N, 143°46.2'E, 420–430 m). Holotype: HUMZ 72755.
D I STRI BU TI O N: W ester n N o r th P acif ic: O k h ots k S ea an d P acif ic co ast o f H o k kaid o ; 3 3 8 –9 5 0 m.
Careproctus mederi Schmidt 1916
Careproctus mederi Schmidt 1916:628, Figs. 7–8 [ref. 3935] (near St. Jona [Iony] I., n. Okhotsk
Sea, 56°18'N, 145°04'E, 175 fm). Syntypes: ZIN 18958 (4).
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: Okhotsk Sea off Hokkaido; 202–950 m.
Careproctus melanuroides Schmidt 1950
Careproctus melanuroides Schmidt 1950:204 [196 of English transl.], Pl. 18 (fig. 1); Fig. 17 [ref.
12471] (northeast of Cape Elizaveta, n. Sakhalin, Okhotsk Sea, 54°55'N, 143°50'E, 525 m).
Syntypes: ZIN 29090 (4, now 2).
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: western Okhotsk Sea. Known only from the types.
Careproctus melanurus Gilbert 1892
Careproctus melanurus Gilbert 1892:560 [ref. 1626] (off California, U.S.A., Albatross sta. 2925,
32°32'30"N, 117°24'00"W, 339 fm). Lectotype: USNM 44285.
DISTRIBUTION: North Pacific: off northern Honshu, northern Kuril Islands and southeastern
Kamchatka, Bering Sea to Cape Navarin, Pacific off Aleutian Islands and in Gulf of Alaska to
Baja California; (90) 200–1,600 (2,286) m.
REMARKS: The lectotype was established by Burke (1930:125 [ref. 702]).
Careproctus merretti Andriashev & Chernova 1988
Careproctus merretti Andriashev & Chernova 1988:1023 [94 of English transl.], Figs. 1–2 [ref.
16151] (Porcupine Basin, ne. Atlantic, 49°37'N, 13°49'W, 3,990–3,920 m). Holotype
(unique): BMNH 1988.8.2.1.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern North Atlantic: Porcupine Basin southwest of Ireland. Known only
from the holotype.
Careproctus micropus (Günther 1887)
Liparis micropus Günther 1887:66, Pl. 12 (fig. B) [ref. 2013] (North Atlantic, in Faeroe Channel,
540 and 608 fm). Syntypes: (3) BMNH 1887.12.9.11 (1) 540 fm, BMNH uncat. (2) 608 fm.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern North Atlantic: Faer oe Chann el; 98 8– 1,112 m .
REMARKS: Specimens reported by Chernova (1991:66 [ref. 23263]) are not this species.
Careproctus microstomus Stein 1978
Careproctus microstomus Stein 1978:20, Fig. 8 [ref. 4203] (off Oregon, U.S.A., Yaquina cruise
Y7105B, sta. CP-3-C, haul BMT 280, 45°21.5'N, 127°33.3'W, 2,800 m). Holotype: USNM
214601 [ex OSUO 2067].
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern North Pacific: off Oregon; 2,721–3,585 m.
Careproctus minimus Andriashev & Stein 1998
Careproctus minimus A n dr ias hev & S tein 1 9 98 :3 2 , F ig . 1 8 [r ef . 2 3 3 67 ] ( Bu r d w oo d Ban k , s o u th o f
Falkland Is., 54°39'S, 57°07'W, 124–128 m). Holotype (unique): LACM 11069-1 (dried out).
DISTRIBUTION: Western South Atlantic: Burdwood Bank. Known only from the holotype.
REMARKS: In the subgenus Careproctula.
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Careproctus mollis Gilbert & Burke 1912
Careproctus mollis Gilbert & Burke 1912:77, Fig. 21 [ref. 1634] (off East Cape, Attu I., Bering
Sea, Albatross sta. 4784, 52°55'40"N, 173°26'E, 135 fm). Holotype: USNM 74383.
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: off northern Kuril Islands, Commander Islands, and
western Aleutian Islands; 247–882 m.
Careproctus nigricans Schmidt 1950
Careproctus nigricans Schmidt 1950:213 [205 of English transl.], Pl. 19 (fig. 1); Fig. 20 [ref.
12471] (between St. Jona [Iony] I. and Cape Elizaveta and northeast of Cape Elizaveta, nw.
Okhotsk Sea, 500–525 m). Syntypes: ZIN 24478 (7, now 2).
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: Okhotsk Sea and Pacific coast of northern Honshu,
Japan (Iwate Prefecture); 500–2,005 m.
Careproctus novaezelandiae Andriashev 1990
Careproctus novaezelandiae Andriashev 1990:13, Fig. 3 [ref. 21079] (se. New Zealand Plateau,
48°53'S, 178°39'W, ca. 800–1,000 m). Holotype (unique): ZIN 49540.
DISTRIBUTION: Western South Pacific: southeast of New Zealand between Antipodes and
Bounty islands and south of Campbell Island; 800–1,000 m.
Careproctus opisthotremus Gilbert & Burke 1912
Careproctus opisthotremus Gilbert & Burke 1912:78, Fig. 23 [ref. 1634] (south of Agattu I.,
Aleutian Is., Alaska, Albatross sta. 4780, 52°01'N, 174°39'E, 1,046 fm). Holotype (unique):
USNM 74385.
DISTRIBUTION: North Pacific: vicinity of Aleutian Islands; 1,913–2,562 m. Known from two
records: one south of Agattu Island and one from the Bering Sea north of Umnak Island.
Careproctus oregonensis Stein 1978
Careproctus oregonensis S tein 1 97 8 :1 8, F ig s . 6d , 7 [ r ef . 4 2 0 3] ( off Or eg o n, U .S.A ., Y a qu in a cru is e
6 50 1B, s ta. N H- 65 , h au l OTB 50 , 4 4°28 .2'N, 1 2 5°32 .8'W, 2 ,80 0 m ). H olo ty pe: U SN M 2 14 59 6 .
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern North Pacific: off Oregon; 1,900–2,818 m.
Careproctus ostentum Gilbert 1896
Careproctus ostentum Gilbert 1896:444 [ref. 1628] (north of Unalaska I., Aleutian Is., Alaska,
Albatross sta. 3324, 53°33'50"N, 167°46'50"W, 109
fm). Lectotype: USNM 48619.
DISTRIBUTION: North Pacific: Okhotsk Sea; Bering Sea, Aleutian Islands, and western Gulf of
Alaska; 165–700 (1,030) m.
REMARKS: The lectotype was established by Jordan and Evermann (1898:2134 [ref. 2444]).
They listed USNM 48619 as the type and, as stated in the original catalog entry, only one speci-
men was in that lot.
Careproctus ovigerus (Gilbert 1896)
Bathyphasma ovigerum Gilbert 1896:448 [ref. 1628] (off Queen Charlotte Is., British Columbia,
Canada, Albatross sta. 3342, 52°39'30"N, 132°38'00"W, 1,588 fm). Holotype (unique):
USNM 48622.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern North Pacific: northern British Columbia to Oregon; 1,920–2,904 m.
REMARKS: The specific name has been changed to match the masculine gender of the genus
Careproctus (gender of Bathyphasma is neuter).
Careproctus pallidus (Vaillant 1888)
Enantioliparis pallidus Vaillant 1888:22, Pl. 4 (fig. 3) [ref. 4495] (Orange Bay, Strait of Magellan,
28 m). Lectotype: MNHN 1884-0841.
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Careproctus crassus de Buen 1961:37, Fig. 10 [ref. 698] (Punto Toro, Isla Navarino, Tierra del
Fuego, Chile). Neotype: CAS 60515.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern South Pacific: southern Chile off Isla Melchor, and Orange Bay and Isla
Navarino, Tierra del Fuego; 6–28 m.
REMARKS: In the subgenus Careproctula. The lectotype of Enantioliparis pallidus was
designated by Stein et al. (1991:368 [ref. 19979]). The neotype of Careproctus crassus was
designated by Andriashev (1997:6 [ref. 23198]).
Careproctus parini Andriashev & Prirodina 1990
Careproctus parini Andriashev & Prirodina 1990:2, Figs. 1–2 [ref. 19917] (near Elephant I. and
King George I., South Shetland Is., 61°10'S, 50°42'W, 850–860 m). Holotype: ZIN 49344.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Ocean: South Shetland Islands, Antarctica
; 750–1,116 m.
Careproctus parvidiscus Imamura & Nobetsu 2002
Careproctus parvidiscus Imamura & Nobetsu 2002:156, Figs. 1–3 [ref. 26153] (off Shiretoko
Point, Hokkaido, Japan, s. Okhotsk Sea, 400–700 m). Holotype (unique): HUMZ 164407.
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: southern Okhotsk Sea. Known only from the holotype.
Careproctus parviporatus Andriashev & Stein 1998
Careproctus parviporatus Andriashev & Stein 1998:38, Fig. 21 [ref. 23367] (w. Scotia Sea,
58°54'S, 53°51'W, ca. 200 miles north of Clarence I., South Shetland Is., 3,817–3,931 m).
Holotype (unique): LACM 10747-11.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Ocean: Scotia Sea. Known only from the holotype.
REMARKS: In the subgenus Careproctula.
Careproctus patagonicus Matallanas & Pequeño 2000
Careproctus patagonicus Matallanas & Pequeño 2000:520, Fig. 1 [ref. 24421] (Drake Passage,
55°32.8'S, 65°54.3'W, Patagonia, 2,394 m). Holotype (unique): MNHNC P.7124.
D I STRI BU TI O N: W ester n S o u th A tlan tic: n o rth eas t o f Cap e H o r n. K n ow n on ly fr o m th e h olo ty pe.
REMARKS: In the subgenus Careproctula.
Careproctus paxtoni Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001
Careproctus paxtoni Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001:353, Fig. 14 [ref. 25901] (east of Brush
I., New South Wales, 35°29'S, 150°55'E, 1,116–1,134 m). Holotype: AMS I.29737-003.
DISTRIBUTION: Western South Pacific: Tasman Sea off New South Wales, Australia. Known
only from the types.
Careproctus pellucidus Gilbert & Burke 1912
Careproctus pellucidus Gilbert & Burke 1912:366, Pl. 44 (fig. 3); Fig. 8 [ref. 1633] (off Oshika
Peninsula, ne. coast of Honshu, Japan, Albatross sta. 5048, 9°24'N, 141°52'30"E, 129 fm).
Holotype: USNM 73335.
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: Japan Sea and Pacific Ocean off northern Honshu and
Hokkaido, and Okhotsk Sea off Hokkaido and southern Sakhalin;
183–333 m.
REMARKS : H as been co ns id ered a jun io r s yn on y m of Car ep ro ctu s r as tr in u s Gilb er t & Bu rk e 19 1 2.
Careproctus phasma Gilbert 1896
Careproctus phasma Gilbert 1896:443 [ref. 1628] (Bristol Bay, Alaska, Albatross sta. 3254,
56°50'00"N, 164°27'50"W, 46 fm). Lectotype: USNM 48064.
DISTRIBUTION: North Pacific: Okhotsk Sea, off Amchitka Island in the Aleutian Islands, and
eastern Bering Sea; 84–504 m.
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REMARKS: The lectotype was established by Burke (1930:123 [ref. 702]). This species has
historically been confused with C. rastrinus, C. spectrum, and other species of Careproctus, and
all distributional records may not be reliable (Mecklenburg et al. 2002:618 [ref. 25968]).
Careproctus polarsterni Duhamel 1992
Careproctus polarsterni Duhamel 1992:188, Fig. 3 [ref. 19909] (Halley Bay, Weddell Sea,
74°37.3'S, 29°38.2'W, 702 m). Holotype (unique): MNHN 1991-0357.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Ocean: Weddell and Ross seas, Antarctica; 495–830 m.
REMARKS: In the subgenus Careproctula.
Careproctus profundicola Duhamel 1992
Careproctus profundicola Duhamel 1992:192, Fig. 4 [ref. 19909] (south of Indian Ocean at Ban-
zare Banks, 59°24'48"S, 79°33'91"E, 1,820–2,000 m). Holotype (unique): MNHN 1988-0139.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Ocean: Banzare Banks. Known only from the holotype.
REMARKS: In the subgenus Careproctula.
Careproctus pseudoprofundicola Andriashev & Stein 1998
Careproctus pseudoprofundicola Andriashev & Stein 1998:43, Fig. 24 [ref. 23367] (ne. Ross Sea,
75°52'S, 169°53'W, 2,049–2,089 m). Holotype (unique): LACM 11142-3.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Ocean: Ross Sea, Antarctica. Known only from the holotype.
REMARKS: In the subgenus Careproctula.
Careproctus pycnosoma Gilbert & Burke 1912
Careproctus pycnosoma G ilb er t & Bu rk e 19 1 2 :37 2 , Pl. 4 6 ( f ig. 3 ); F ig. 1 4 [ r ef . 1 6 3 3] ( Sim u s hir I .,
Kuril Is., Albatross sta. 4803, 46°42'N, 151°45'E, 229 fm). Holotype (unique): USNM 73340.
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: off Simushir Island, Kuril Islands and Umnak Island,
Aleutian Islands; 419–610 m. Known with certainty from only two records.
REMARKS: May belong to the genus Allocareproctus Pitruk & Fedorov 1993.
Careproctus ranula (Goode & Bean 1879)
Liparis ranula Goode & Bean 1879:46 [ref. 17818] (off mouth of Halifax Harbor, Nova Scotia,
Canada, 52 fm). Holotype (unique): USNM 22310.
D I STRI BU TI O N: W ester n N o r th A tlan tic: o ff New f o un d l a n d t o N e w J e r s e y , inclu d in g Gu lf of S t.
Lawr en ce an d G u lf o f Main e; 2 0 – 66 8 m .
REMARKS: Specimens reported by Chernova (1991:62 [ref. 23263]) are not this species. Deep-
water records may represent an undescribed species.
Careproctus rastrinoides Schmidt 1950
Careproctus rastrinoides Schmidt 1950:210 [202 of English transl.], Pl. 17 (fig. 2); Fig. 19 [ref.
12471] (Cape Elizaveta, n. Sakhalin I., Okhotsk Sea, 165 m). Syntypes: ZIN 26320 (7).
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: Okhotsk Sea off northeastern Sakhalin (Cape Elizaveta)
and southeastern Sakhalin (Cape Tonin and Mordvinov Bay); depth about 165 m.
Careproctus rastrinus Gilbert & Burke 1912
Careproctus rastrinus Gilbert & Burke 1912:362, Pl. 43 (fig. 2); Fig. 3 [ref. 1633] (s. Okhotsk
Sea, off Cape Patience [Mys Terpeniya], Sakhalin I., Albatross sta. 5026, 48°36'10"N,
145°17'30"E, 119 fm). Holotype: USNM 73331.
DISTRIBUTION: North Pacific: Okhotsk Sea, Japan Sea off Hokkaido, Pacific Ocean off Honshu
to so uth er n K am ch atk a, A leu tian Is lan ds , Ber in g S ea, an d p os s ib ly s o utheaster n A lask a; 12 0– 9 13 m .
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REMARKS: Careproctus acanthodes Gilbert & Burke 1912 and C. pellucidus Gilbert & Burke
1912 have been considered junior synonyms. Specimens recorded as C. rastrinus from southeast-
ern Alaska at depths as shallow as 55 m may be C. scottae (Mecklenburg et al. 2002:611 [ref.
25968]).
Careproctus reinhardti (Krøyer 1862)
Liparis reinhardi Krøyer 1862:252 [ref. 2694] (Greenland). Holotype: ZMUC uncataloged.
DISTRIBUTION: Described from Arctic Ocean off Greenland. The C. reinhardti-complex is
known from the Laptev Sea to Greenland and the Gulf of St. Lawrence; 200–1,000 m.
REMARKS: Spelled reinhardi in the original description but prevailing usage is reinhardti, after
the correct spelling of the name Reinhardt, and that spelling should be used. Careproctus dubius
Zugmayer 1911 and C. longipinnis Burke 1912 have been considered junior synonyms. Care-
proctus reinhardti sensu lato is a complex of species.
Careproctus rhodomelas Gilbert & Burke 1912
Careproctus rhodomelas Gilbert & Burke 1912:365, Pl. 44 (fig. 2); Fig. 7 [ref. 1633] (off Bungo-
suido Channel, south of Suruga Bay, Japan, Albatross sta. 4958, 32°36'20"N, 132°24'30"E,
405 fm). Holotype: USNM 73334.
D IS TRIBUTIO N : Wes tern N o rth P acif ic: Bun g o Strait to Su ru ga Bay, so uther n Jap an ; 60 5 –9 28 m .
Careproctus rimiventris Andriashev & Stein 1998
Careproctus rimiventris Andriashev & Stein 1998:45, Fig. 25 [ref. 23367] (s. Scotia Ridge
between South Orkney Is. and South Sandwich Is., 60°08'S, 36°04'W, 1,976–2,068 m).
Holotype: LACM 11043-6.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Ocean: Scotia Sea. Known only from the types.
REMARKS: In the subgenus Careproctula.
Careproctus roseofuscus Gilbert & Burke 1912
Careproctus roseofuscus Gilbert & Burke 1912:369, Pl. 45 (fig. 3); Fig. 11 [ref. 1633] (off se.
Sakhalin I., vicinity of Cape Patience [Mys Terpeniya], Albatross sta. 5026, 48°36'10"N,
145°17'30"W, 119 fm). Holotype: USNM 73338.
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: Okhotsk Sea, northern Kuril Islands, southeastern
Kamchatka; 72–810 (1,950) m.
Careproctus sandwichensis Andriashev & Stein 1998
Careproctus sandwichensis Andriashev & Stein 1998:47, Fig. 26 [ref. 23367] (n. South Sandwich
Trench, 55°07.5'S, 25°59'W, 5,435–5,453 m). Holotype (unique): LACM 10553-1.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Ocean: South Sandwich Trench. Known only from the holotype.
REMARKS: In the subgenus Careproctula.
Careproctus sarasa Tanaka 1916
Careproctus sarasa Tanaka 1916:174 [ref. 15076] (probably from Toba, Mie Pref., Japan).
Holotype (unique): apparently lost.
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: off Pacific coast of Honshu, Japan; depth not known.
Known only from the holotype.
REMARKS: May be a synonym of Liparis punctulatus (Tanaka 1916).
Careproctus scaphopterus Andriashev & Stein 1998
Careproctus scaphopterus Andriashev & Stein 1998:49, Fig. 27 [ref. 23367] (south of South
Orkney Is., 62°14'S, 40°33'W, 3,250–3,285 m). Holotype: LACM 10799-1.
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DISTRIBUTION: Southern Ocean: Scotia Sea; 2,886–3,623 m.
REMARKS: In the subgenus Careproctula.
Careproctus scottae Chapman & de Lacy 1934
Careproctus scottae Chapman & de Lacy 1934:2 [ref. 16415] (off Petersburg, Alaska, U.S.A.).
Holotype: USNM 104497 [ex UW 2742].
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern North Pacific: southeastern Alaska; 8–183 m.
Careproctus segaliensis Gilbert & Burke 1912
Careproctus segaliensis Gilbert & Burke 1912:367, Pl. 45 (fig. 1); Fig. 9 [ref. 1633] (off Cape
Patience [Mys Terpeniya], s. Sakhalin I., Okhotsk Sea, Albatross sta. 5026, 48°36'10"N,
145°17'30"E, 119 fm). Holotype (unique): USNM 73336.
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: southern Okhotsk Sea (Terpeniya Bay), Japan Sea off
Honshu (Toyama Bay, Wakasa Bay) and Hokkaido; 215–338 m.
REMARKS: Schmidt’s (1950:201–202 [ref. 12471]) specimen is not this species (Pitruk 1990:38
[ref. 20303]).
Careproctus seraphimae Schmidt 1950
Careproctus seraphimae Schmidt 1950:202 [194 of English transl.], Pl. 17 (fig. 1); Fig. 16 [ref.
12471] (central Okhotsk Sea, 55°31'N, 149°10'E, 335 m). Holotype (unique): ZIN 24483.
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: Okhotsk Sea. Known only from the holotype.
REMARKS: Appeared first as a nomen nudum in Taranetz (1937:137 [ref. 13384]).
Careproctus simus Gilbert 1896
Careproctus simus Gilbert 1896:444 [ref. 1628] (Bering Sea, north of Unalaska I., Albatross sta.
3331, 54°01'40"N, 166°48'50"W, 350 fm). Holotype (unique): USNM 51688.
DISTRIBUTION: North Pacific: Okhotsk Sea off Hokkaido and southeastern Sakhalin, northern
K u ril I slan d s, A leu tian I s lan d s , w es ter n an d eas tern Berin g Sea slo p e to Cap e N av ar in; 3 80 – 8 0 0 m .
Careproctus sinensis Gilbert & Burke 1912
Careproctus sinensis Gilbert & Burke 1912:371, Pl. 46 (fig. 2) Fig. 13 [ref. 1633] (off Sado I.,
J apan S ea, Alba tr o ss s ta. 4 81 3 , 38 °3 5'N , 13 8 °4 1'E, 20 0 f m) . Ho lo typ e ( un iq u e) : U SN M 73 3 3 9 .
D IS TRIBUTIO N : Wes tern N o rth P acif ic: J ap an Sea off H on sh u ( San in Reg ion , W ak as a Bay , S ad o
I s lan d ) , s o u th er n O k h ots k Sea ( Ek aterin a S tr ait) and P acif ic o ff so u th er n K ur il I s land s ; 25 0 – 3 66 m .
Careproctus smirnovi Andriashev 1991
Careproctus smirnovi Andriashev 1991:10, Fig. 1 [ref. 19920] (sw. Atlantic, north of Falkland Is.,
47°53'S, 58°46'W, 1,500 m). Holotype: ZIN 49589.
DISTRIBUTION: Western South Atlantic: north of Falkland Islands. Known only from the types.
Careproctus solidus Chernova 1999
Careproctus solidus Chernova 1999:181, Figs. 1–4 [ref. 26868] (northern slope of the Laptev Sea,
78°23.4'N, 133°09.5'E, 2,151–1,934 m). Holotype (unique): ZIN 50626.
DISTRIBUTION: Arctic Ocean: Laptev Sea. Known only from the holotype.
Careproctus spectrum Bean 1890
Careproctus spectrum Bean 1890:40 [ref. 229] (between Unga I. and Nagai I., Alaska, Albatross
sta. 2848, 55°10'N, 160°18'W, 110 fm). Syntypes: (26) SU 48 (4), USNM 45363 (2).
D I STRI BU TI O N: Easter n N o r th P acif ic: s o u th er n Ber in g S ea to eas ter n Gu lf of A las k a; 9 3 – 2 01 m.
REMARKS: Twenty syntypes apparently lost.
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Careproctus steini Andriashev & Prirodina 1990
Careproctus steini Andriashev & Prirodina 1990:6, Fig. 3 [ref. 19917] (South Shetland Is.,
60°58'S, 54°41'W, 570–583 m). Holotype: ZIN 49347.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Ocean: off Elephant Island, South Shetland Islands; 429–583 m.
Known only from the type-series locality.
REMARKS: In the subgenus Careproctula.
Careproctus trachysoma Gilbert & Burke 1912
Careproctus trachysoma Gilbert & Burke 1912:364, Pl. 44 (fig. 1); Figs. 5–6 [ref. 1633] (Japan
Sea off Hokkaido, Albatross sta. 4982, 43°N, 140°10'30"E, 390 fm). Holotype: USNM 73333.
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: Japan Sea off Honshu and Hokkaido and in Tatar Strait,
Okhotsk Sea off northern Sakhalin and western Kamchatka; depth 147–784 m.
REMARKS: Although previously reported to be from Sado Island (off Honshu), the holotype is
from farther north, off Hokkaido. One of the paratypes was collected off Sado Island (sta. 4814).
Careproctus tricapitidens Andriashev & Stein 1998
Careproctus tricapitidens Andriashev & Stein 1998:51, Fig. 29 [ref. 23367] (Bransfield Strait,
Antarctica, 62°39'S, 57°46'W, 662–1,120 m). Holotype (unique): LACM 10434-7.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Ocean: Bransfield Strait (between South Shetland Islands and tip of
Antarctic Peninsula). Known only from the holotype.
REMARKS: In the subgenus Careproctula.
Careproctus vladibeckeri Andriashev & Stein 1998
Careproctus vladibeckeri Andriashev & Stein 1998:54, Fig. 30 [ref. 23367] (Weddell Sea south-
west of South Orkney Is., 63°00'S, 49°20'W, 2,653–2,941 m). Holotype: LACM 10526-1.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Ocean: Weddell and Ross seas, Antarctica; depth 2,273–2,941 m.
REMARKS: In the subgenus Careproctula.
Careproctus zachirus Kido 1985
Careproctus zachirus Kido 1985:9, Figs. 3b, 5 [ref. 6720] (near Unalga I., Aleutian Is., 51°35.1'N,
179°21.6'W, 300–350 m). Holotype: HUMZ 88338.
DISTRIBUTION: North Pacific: off northern Kuril Islands, southeastern Kamchatka, and western
Aleutian Islands; (150) 214–850 m.
Careproctus zispi Andriashev & Stein 1998
Careproctus zispi Andriashev & Stein 1998:56, Fig. 31 [ref. 23367] (n. Drake Passage south of
Estados I., Tierra del Fuego, 55°18'S, 64°47'W, 1,922–2,229 m). Holotype: LACM 10426-2.
DISTRIBUTION: Western South Atlantic: off Tierra del Fuego. Known only from the types.
REMARKS: In the subgenus Careproctula.
Genus Crystallias Jordan & Snyder 1902
Crystallias Jordan & Snyder 1902:349 [ref. 2512]. Type species Crystallias matsushimae Jordan
& Snyder 1902. Type by original designation (also monotypic).
REMARKS: Sometimes regarded as a junior synonym of Crystallichthys Jordan & Gilbert 1898.
Crystallias matsushimae Jordan & Snyder 1902
Crystallias matsushimae Jordan & Snyder 1902:350, Fig. 2 [ref. 2512] (Bay of Matsushima [off
Pacific coast of n. Honshu], Japan, Albatross sta. 3773, 78 fm). Holotype: USNM 49802.
Crystallias kamoae Oshima 1957:5, Fig. 3 [ref. 12161] (off Kamo, Yamagata Pref. [Japan Sea
coast of n. Honshu], Japan). Holotype (unique): Fish. Exp. Sta. Yamagata Pref.
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DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: Japan Sea and Pacific coasts of Honshu to Okhotsk Sea,
Kuril Islands, southeastern Kamchatka, and Commander Islands, Bering Sea; 35–700 m.
REMARKS: Has been included in Crystallichthys.
Genus Crystallichthys Jordan & Gilbert 1898
Crystallichthys Jordan & Gilbert in Jordan & Evermann 1898:2864 [ref. 2445]. Type species
Cr ys ta llich thys mir a b ilis Jo rd an & Gilbert 1 8 98 . Typ e by or ig inal des ig natio n (also m o no ty pic).
REMARKS: May be a senior synonym of Crystallias Jordan & Snyder 1902.
Crystallichthys cameliae (Nalbant 1965)
Careproctus cameliae Nalbant 1965:271, Figs. 1–5 [ref. 9237] (Bering Sea, ca. 300 m). Holotype
(unique): SMF 8048.
D I STRI BU TI O N: N o rth Pacif ic: Ber in g S ea no r th o f Near Is lan ds . K no w n o n ly f r o m th e ho loty p e.
REMARKS: May be a junior synonym of Crystallichthys mirabilis Jordan & Gilbert 1898.
Crystallichthys cyclospilus Gilbert & Burke 1912
Crystallichthys cyclospilus Gilbert & Burke 1912:74, Fig. 19 [ref. 1634] (Petrel Bank, Bering Sea,
Albatross sta. 4779, 52°11'N, 179°57'W, 54–56 fm). Holotype: USNM 74381.
DISTRIBUTION: North Pacific: Okhotsk Sea, southern Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands, Gulf of
Alaska south of Shumagin Islands; 54–265 m.
Crystallichthys mirabilis Jordan & Gilbert 1898
Crystallichthys mirabilis Jordan & Gilbert in Jordan & Evermann 1898:2865 [ref. 2445] (off
Povorotnaya, se. coast of Kamchatka, Russia, Albatross sta. 3643, 51°16'00"N, 158°03'00"E,
100 fm). Holotype: USNM 51466.
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: Okhotsk Sea, Kuril Islands, southeastern Kamchatka;
53–830 m. Pribilof Islands record is questionable (Mecklenburg et al. 2002 [ref. 25968]).
REMARKS: Crystallichthys cameliae (Nalbant 1965) may be a juvenile of this species.
Genus Edentoliparis Andriashev 1990
Edentoliparis Andriashev 1990:180 [ref. 19918]. Type species Paraliparis terraenovae Regan
1916. Type by original designation (also monotypic)
Edentoliparis terraenovae (Regan 1916)
Paraliparis terraenovae Regan 1916:129, Pl. 1 (fig. 6) [ref. 15063] (s. Ross Sea, McMurdo Sound,
Antarctica, 77°15'S, 166°00'E, 0–550 m). Holotype (unique): BMNH 1916.3.20.29.
Paraliparis edentatus Andriashev 1986:69, Figs. 29–30 [ref. 12760] (s. Weddell Sea, Antarctica,
77°23.8'S, 42°32.2'W, 550 m). Holotype: ISH 266-1981.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Ocean: shelf of Antarctica in Ross, Weddell, Cosmonaut, and
Cooperation seas; 150–850 m, mostly midwater.
Genus Eknomoliparis Stein, Meléndez C. & Kong U. 1991
Eknomoliparis Stein, Meléndez C. & Kong U. 1991:359 [ref. 19979]. Type species Eknomoliparis
chirichignoae Stein, Meléndez C. & Kong U. 1991. Type by original designation (also monotypic).
Eknomoliparis chirichignoae Stein, Meléndez C. & Kong U. 1991
Eknomoliparis chirichignoae Stein, Meléndez C. & Kong U. 1991:359, Figs. 1–6 [ref. 19979] (off
Chile, 19°42'S, 70°22'W [or 75°22'W], se. Pacific, 824 m). Holotype: MNHNC P.6662.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern South Pacific: off Chile; 730–920 m.
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Genus Elassodiscus Gilbert & Burke 1912
Elassodiscus Gilbert & Burke 1912:81 [ref. 1634]. Type species Elassodiscus tremebundus
Gilbert & Burke 1912. Type by original designation (also monotypic).
REMARKS: Has been considered a junior synonym of Paraliparis Collett 1879.
Elassodiscus caudatus (Gilbert 1915)
Paraliparis caudatus Gilbert 1915:356, Pl. 18 (fig. 14) [ref. 1632] (Monterey Bay, California,
U.S.A., Albatross sta. 4527, 183–337 fm). Holotype (unique): USNM 75815.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern North Pacific: eastern Bering Sea, southeastern Alaska, Oregon to
central California; 335–1,040 m.
Elassodiscus obscurus Pitruk & Fedorov 1993
Elassodiscus obscurus Pitruk & Fedorov 1993:171, Fig. 9 [ref. 20798] (Okhotsk Sea, 50°00'N,
145°49'E, 600 m). Holotype: ZIN 47710.
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: Okhotsk Sea (southwestern Kamchatka), northern Kuril
Islands, southeastern Kamchatka; (161) 600–1,290 (1,773) m.
Elassodiscus tremebundus Gilbert & Burke 1912
Elassodiscus tremebundus Gilbert & Burke 1912:81, Fig. 26 [ref. 1634] (off Staritschkof I.,
Avatcha Bay, Kamchatka, Russia, Albatross sta. 4797, 52°37'30"N, 158°50'E, 682 fm).
Holotype: USNM 74388.
D IS TRIBUTIO N : No r th P acific: Ok ho ts k S ea, P acif ic off H ok kaido an d Ku ril I sland s to so uth eas t-
ern K am chatk a, Co mm and er – Aleu tian ch ain and Berin g Sea to Cap e Navar in ; 1 30 –1 ,2 4 8 (1 ,80 0) m .
Genus Eutelichthys Tortonese 1959
Eutelichthys Tortonese 1959:226 [ref. 4417]. Type species Eutelichthys leptochirus Tortonese
1959. Type by original designation (also monotypic).
Eutelichthys leptochirus Tortonese 1959
Eutelichthys leptochirus Tortonese 1959:227, Fig. 1 [ref. 4417] (sw. Mediterranean Sea, 500 m).
Holotype: MSNG 37691.
DISTRIBUTION: Mediterranean Sea: off Algeria, France, Italy, and Spain; 350–500 m.
Genus Genioliparis Andriashev & Neyelov 1976
Genioliparis Andriashev & Neyelov 1976:70 [ref. 124]. Type species Genioliparis lindbergi
Andriashev & Neyelov 1976. Type by original designation (also monotypic).
Genioliparis lindbergi Andriashev & Neyelov 1976
Genioliparis lindbergi Andriashev & Neyelov 1976:73, Figs. 1–4 [ref. 124] (Weddell Sea, about
25 miles southwest of Elephant I., 61°39'S, 55°39'W, South Shetland Is., Antarctica,
850–750 m). Holotype (unique): ZIN 42511.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Ocean: South Shetland Islands; 735–850 m.
REMARKS: Very similar to Odontoliparis Stein 1978 in appearance and mode of life.
Genus Gyrinichthys Gilbert 1896
Gyrinichthys Gilbert 1896:444 [ref. 1628]. Type species Gyrinichthys minytremus Gilbert 1896.
Type by original designation (also monotypic).
Gyrinichthys minytremus Gilbert 1896
Gyrinichthys minytremus Gilbert 1896:444 [ref. 1628] (north of Unalaska I., Aleutian Is., Alaska,
Albatross sta. 3331, 54°01'40"N, 166°48'50"W, 350 fm). Holotype (unique): USNM 48617.
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DISTRIBUTION: Eastern North Pacific: Bering Sea off Unalaska Island; 640 m. Known only
from the holotype.
Genus Liparis Scopoli 1777
Liparis Scopoli (ex Artedi) 1777:453 [ref. 3990]. Type species Cyclopterus liparis Linnaeus 1766.
Type by subsequent monotypy.
Liparis Artedi in Röse 1793:117 [ref. 3833]. Type species Liparis nostras Artedi 1793. Type by
monotypy.
Massaria Gistel 1848:IX [ref. 1822]. Type species Cyclopterus liparis Linnaeus 1766. Type by
being a replacement name.
Uronectes Günther 1862:325 [ref. 1969]. Type species Ophidium parrii Ross 1826. Type by
monotypy.
Actinochir Gill 1864:190, 193 [ref. 1700]. Type species Liparis tunicata of Krøyer 1862. Type by
original designation.
Neoliparis Steindachner 1876:82 [ref. 4223]. Subgenus of Liparis. Type species Liparis mucosus
Ayres 1855. Type by monotypy.
Lycocara Gill 1884:180 [ref. 1725]. Type species Ophidium parrii Ross 1826. Type by being a
replacement name.
Careliparis Garman 1892:62 [ref. 1537]. Subgenus of Liparis. Type species Liparis agassizii
Putnam 1874. Type by subsequent designation.
Lyoliparis Jordan & Evermann 1896:451 [ref. 2442]. Subgenus of Liparis. Type species Liparis
pulchellus Ayres 1855. Type by original designation (also monotypic).
Trismegistus Jordan & Snyder 1904:238 [ref. 2519]. Type species Trismegistus owstoni Jordan &
Snyder 1904. Type by monotypy.
REMARKS: Liparis Scopoli 1777 may be a senior synonym of Polypera Burke 1912. Massaria
Gistel 1848 is an unneeded replacement for Liparis Artedi; it is not preoccupied by use of the
same name in botany, as was believed. Uronectes Günther 1862 was preoccupied by Uronectes
Brown 1850 in Crustacea and was replaced by Lycocara Gill 1884.
Liparis adiastolus Stein, Bond & Misitano 2003
Liparis adiastolus Stein, Bond & Misitano 2003:818, Figs. 1, 1a–b [ref. 27262] (National Marine
Fisheries Service dock, Hammond, Oregon, U.S.A., depth unknown). Holotype: CAS 216746.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern North Pacific: off northern California to Washington; intertidal to 10 m.
Liparis agassizii Putnam 1874
Liparis agassizii Putnam 1874:339 [ref. 18580] (Sakhalin Channel, Tatar Strait). Syntypes: MCZ
32262 (1, others lost).
Liparis takashimensis Nojima 1936:179, Fig. [ref. 13730] (off Takashima near Otaru, w. coast of
Hokkaido, Japan). Holotype: whereabouts unknown.
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: Japan Sea off Hokkaido and Sakhalin, Pacific off
northern Honshu (Iwate Prefecture) to southern Kuril Islands; 0–86 m.
REMARKS: Liparis tunicatiformis Krasyukova 1984 may be a junior synonym.
Liparis alboventer (Krasyukova 1984)
Careproctus alboventer Krasyukova 1984:14, Fig. 7 [ref. 20305] (Yuzno–Kuril’sk Strait, s. Kuril
Is., 74 m). Holotype: ZIN 43184 (141 mm).
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: southern Kuril Islands. Known only from the types.
REMARKS: “Liparis alboventer Schmidt sp. n.” in Lindberg (1959:255 [ref. 26863]) is a nomen
nudum. Some authors consider this species a junior synonym of Liparis tessellatus (Gilbert &
Burke 1912).
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Liparis antarcticus Putnam 1874
Liparis antarctica Putnam 1874:339 [ref. 18580] (Eden Harbor, Ultima, s. Chile, 49°09'S,
74°27'W).
Holotype (unique): MCZ 12972 (poor condition).
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern South Pacific: southern Chile. Known only from the holotype.
REMARKS: This is the only species of Liparis known from the Southern Hemisphere. The stated
type locality may be an error and the specimen could be from California.
Liparis atlanticus (Jordan & Evermann 1898)
Neoliparis atlanticus Jordan & Evermann 1898:2107 [ref. 2444] (Godbout, Quebec, Canada).
Holotype: USNM 37215.
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Atlantic: Ungava Bay, Quebec, to Connecticut and south shore
of Long Island including Georges Bank; tidepools to subtidal, usually 2 m or less, rarely to 90 m.
Liparis bikunin Matsubara & Iwai 1954
Liparis bikunin Matsubara & Iwai 1954:434, Fig. 7 [ref. 12283] (off Kushiro, Hokkaido, Japan).
Holotype: FAKU 13318.
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: Hokkaido, Japan; shallow waters.
Liparis brashnikovi Soldatov 1930
Liparis brashnikovi Soldatov in Soldatov & Lindberg 1930:365, Pl. 16 (lower) [ref. 4164] (Tatar
Strait, Peter the Great Bay, n. Pacific). Syntypes: (4) (lost).
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: Japan Sea, southeastern Kamchatka; (0) 46–106 m.
Liparis bristolensis (Burke 1912)
Cyclogaster bristolense Burke 1912:568 [ref. 701] (northwest of Bristol Bay, Bering Sea, Alaska,
Albatross sta. 3514, 59°22'00"N, 168°21'00"W, 21 fm). Holotype: USNM 53790.
D IS TRIBUTIO N : Eas tern N o rth P acif ic: s ou thern Bering Sea an d w es ter n Gu lf of Alas ka; 3 1– 7 7 m.
Eastern Chukchi Sea records are questionable.
REMARKS: Possibly a junior synonym of Liparis tunicatus Reinhardt 1836.
Liparis burkei (Jordan & Thompson 1914)
Careproctus burkei Jordan & Thompson 1914:281, Pl. 34 (figs. 2–2a) [ref. 2543] (Yokohama
market, doubtless from outside the heads of Awa and Boshu, Japan). Holotype: FMNH 57515
[ex CM 6457].
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: southern Japan; shallow waters.
Liparis callyodon (Pallas 1814)
Cyclopterus callyodon Pallas 1814:75 [ref. 3351] (Kamchatka, Russia). No types known.
DISTRIBUTION: North Pacific: Kamchatka, southern Chukotka Peninsula (Pr ov idence Bay) ,
No rton Sou nd an d S t. Lawrence I sland , Bering Sea and Attu Is lan d, Aleutian I slands to O reg on ;
tidepools to shallow subtidal. Record s f ro m the Commander Islands are qu estio nab le.
REMARKS: Liparis grebnitzkii (Schmidt 1904) is probably a junior synonym.
Liparis catharus Vogt 1973
Liparis catharus Vogt 1973:23 [ref. 7595] (Bradfield Canal, 56°11'N, 131°59'W, Alaska, U.S.A.,
137 m).
Holotype (unique): UAM 704.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern North Pacific: Alaska. Known with certainty only from the holotype.
Liparis chefuensis Wu & Wang 1933
Liparis chefuensis Wu & Wang 1933:81, Figs. 2–4 [ref. 16534] (Chefoo, Shantung Prov., China).
Syntypes: (5) (whereabouts unknown).
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Liparis choanus Wu & Wang 1933:83, Figs. 5–6 [ref. 16534] (Chefoo and Tsing-tau, Shantung
Prov., China). Syntypes: (2) Chefoo, (2) Tsing-tau (whereabouts unknown).
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: Yellow Sea near Chefoo; depth unknown.
Liparis coheni Able 1976
Liparis coheni Able 1976:516, Fig. 1 [ref. 7368] (w. North Atlantic, 44°37.5'N, 66°30.5'W,
201–205 m).
Holotype: USNM 212261 [ex VIMS 01728].
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Atlantic: Gulf of St. Lawrence to Gulf of Maine and northern
Georges Bank; 4–210 m.
Liparis curilensis (Gilbert & Burke 1912)
Cyclogaster (Neoliparis) curilensis Gilbert & Burke 1912:353, Pl. 41 (fig. 1); Fig. 1 [ref. 1633]
(Milne Bay, Simushir I., Japan). Holotype: USNM 73326.
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: Ku ril I sland s; tidepools to 10 m.
Liparis cyclopus Günther 1861
Liparis cyclopus Günther 1861:163 [ref. 1964] (Esquimault Harbor, Vancouver I., British
Columbia, Canada). Holotype (unique): BMNH 1860.11.19.32.
DISTRIBUTION: North Pacific: southeastern Kamchatka to Commander and Aleutian islands,
Pribilof Islands, southeastern Bering Sea to Oregon; tidepools to 183 m.
Liparis dennyi Jordan & Starks 1895
Liparis dennyi Jordan & Starks 1895:835, Pl. 98 [ref. 2522] (Admiralty Inlet, Puget Sound,
Washington, U.S.A.). Holotype (unique): SU 3703.
DISTRIBUTION: North Pacific: eastern Aleutian Islands to Puget Sound, Washington; subtidal to
225 m. Records from Bering Sea, western Aleutian Islands, and Sakhalin Island are questionable.
Liparis dubius Soldatov 1930
Liparis dubius Soldatov in Soldatov & Lindberg 1930:366, Fig. 58 [ref. 4164] (Peter the Great
Bay, Far East Expedition, sta. 266, 42°31'N, 131°55'E, 60 m). Holotype: (lost).
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: Japan Sea and Ohhotsk Sea; about 60 m.
REMARKS: Some authors consider this species a synonym of Liparis ochotensis Schmidt 1904.
There were two type specimens, both from Peter the Great Bay, and both have been lost.
Liparis dulkeiti Soldatov 1930
Liparis dulkeiti Soldatov in Soldatov & Lindberg 1930:356, Fig. 57 [ref. 4164] (west coast of
Kamchatka, Russia, off Jcha [Icha] R., Okhotsk Sea). Holotype (unique): lost.
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: Okhotsk Sea. Known only from the holotype.
Liparis eos Krasyukova 1984
Liparis eos Krasyukova 1984:11, Fig. 5 [ref. 20305] (Svobodny Cape, e. coast of Sakhalin I.,
Okhotsk Sea, 110 m). Holotype: ZIN 42387.
DI STRI BU TIO N: W es ter n N or th Pacif ic: Japan S ea, O kho tsk S ea, so uther n K ur il Islan ds; 36 –1 47 m.
REMARKS: “Liparis eos Schmidt sp. n.” in Lindberg (1959:255 [ref. 26863]) is a nomen nudum.
Liparis eos Krasyukova 1984 has been considered a junior synonym of Liparis latifrons Schmidt
1950 by some authors.
Liparis fabricii Krøyer 1847
Liparis fabricii Krøyer 1847:274 [ref. 19481] (Belsund, Spitsbergen). Syntypes: ZMUC 116,
117–123 (almost dissolved), 141 (1).
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Liparis fabricii var. leprosa Lütken 1886:153, Pl. 15 (figs. 5, 5a, 5b) [ref. 26876] (Kara Sea). No
types known.
DISTRIBUTION: Arctic: circumpolar on continental shelf; to 300 (1,880) m.
REMARKS: Liparis fabricii sensu lato is a complex of species. Liparis koefoedi Parr 1931 and L.
la ptevi P op o v 19 3 3 hav e p r ev io u s ly b een co n sid ered jun io r s y n o ny m s , b u t w e con s id er th em v alid .
Liparis fishelsoni Smith 1967
Liparis fishelsoni Smith 1967:107, Fig. [ref. 7918] (Dahlak Archipelago, ca. 16°N, 40°E, Red Sea,
25–30 m). Holotype (unique): RUSI 328.
DISTRIBUTION: Red Sea. Known only from the holotype.
REMARKS: The only truly warm-water snailfish, and the only liparid known from the northern
Indian Ocean region. Attempts to discredit the locality have failed.
Liparis florae (Jordan & Starks 1895)
Neolip a ris flor a e J or d an & S tar k s 1 8 9 5 :8 3 0 , P l. 96 [ r ef . 25 2 2 ] ( W aadd a I ., N eah Bay , W as h in gto n ,
U.S.A.). Holotype: SU 3133.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern North Pacific: Kodiak Island, Gulf of Alaska to Point Conception,
central California; tidepools.
REMARKS: Has been considered a junior synonym of L. mucosus, but it is valid.
Liparis frenatus (Gilbert & Burke 1912)
Cyclogaster frenatus Gilbert & Burke 1912:356, Pl. 42 (fig. 1) [ref. 1633] (Japan Sea off nw. coast
of Hondo [Honshu], Japan, Albatross sta. 4809, 41°18'N, 140°08'40"E, 207 fm). Holotype
(unique): USNM 73329.
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: Japan Sea off northern Honshu, Hokkaido, Okhotsk Sea
at Aniva Bay; 3–379 m, mainly shallow.
Liparis fucensis Gilbert 1896
Liparis fucensis Gilbert 1896:447 [ref. 1628] (Strait of Juan da Fuca, Albatross sta. 3451,
48°25'10"N, 124°37'50"W, 106 fm; sta. 3459, 48°24'20"N, 124°24'40"W, 123 fm). Syntypes:
MCZ 2 83 7 8 (1 ) s ta. 3 45 9; NMW 75 92 4 ( 1) ; S U 40 04 (3 ) s ta. 34 5 1; U S NM 4 86 0 0 (2 ) s ta. 3 45 1.
Neoliparis fissuratus Starks 1896:560 [ref. 4195] (vicinity of Port Ludlow, Puget Sound,
Washington, U.S.A.). Holotype (unique): SU 5044.
D IS TRIBUTIO N : Eas tern N o rth P acif ic: s ou theas ter n Ber in g Sea and Un im ak Pass , eas ter n Aleutian
Islands to Crescent City and San Simeon Point, central California; subtidal to 225 (388) m.
Liparis gibbus Bean 1881
Liparis gibbus Bean 1881:148 [ref. 223] (Unalaska, St. Paul I., Alaska, U.S.A.). Lectotype:
USNM 24047.
Liparis cyclostigma Gilbert 1896:446 [ref. 1628] (Bristol Bay, Alaska, U.S.A., Albatross sta.
3252, 57°22'20"N, 164°24'40"W, 29.5 fm). Holotype (unique): USNM 48621.
L ip ar is ru fes cens Bur ke 193 0:25, 26 , 35 [ref. 70 2] (n o locality) . S yn typ es: ( 6) whereabo uts u nkn own .
Liparis liparis bathyarcticus Parr 1931:29, Fig. 6 [ref. 16386] (Green Harbor, Spitsbergen).
Syntypes: (37) ZMUB 2879 (?), 7646 (?).
DISTRIBUTION: Arctic, North Pacific, northern North Atlantic: circumpolar; south in Pacific to
Okhotsk Sea (Patience [Terpeniya] Bay), southeastern Kamchatka and northern Kuril Islands,
Bering Sea, Commander and Aleutian islands, and Gulf of Alaska to British Columbia; in Atlantic
to northern Gulf of St. Lawrence and Barents Sea; 30–540 (647) m.
REMARKS: The lectotype of Liparis gibbus Bean was established by Burke (1930:79 [ref. 702]).
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Liparis grebnitzkii (Schmidt 1904)
Neoliparis grebnitzkii Schmidt 1904:165, Pl. 6 (figs. 4a–b) [ref. 3946] (Bering I., Commander Is.,
Bering Sea). Holotype (unique): ZIN 8855 (lost).
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: Commander Islands; intertidal. K no wn with cer tainty
on ly fr om th e h olo ty pe. Peter the Gr eat Bay record is q ues tionable.
REMARKS: Neoliparis grebnitzkii Schmidt 1903:519 [p. 17 of separate] [ref. 3945] is a nomen
nudum. Because the holotype was lost, Chernova (1998:765 [735 of English transl.] [ref. 24687])
suggested that the illustration (Schmidt 1904: Pl. 6 [ref. 3946]) be accepted as the holotype.
Liparis grebnitzkii may be a junior synonym of Liparis callyodon (Pallas 1814).
Liparis inquilinus Able 1973
Liparis inquilinus Able 1973:788, Fig. 1 [ref. 7551] (w. North Atlantic, 39°30' to 40°00'N, 73°30'
to 72°20'W, 36–73 m). Holotype: USNM 208466.
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Atlantic: Newfoundland to Cape Hatteras, including the Gulf of
St. Lawrence, Gulf of Maine, and Georges Bank; 3–97 m.
Liparis koefoedi Parr 1931
Liparis koefoedi Parr 1931:39, Fig. 6 [ref. 16386] (Green Harbor, Spitsbergen). Syntypes: (37)
ZMUB 5126-5133 (8).
DISTRIBUTION: Arctic: Spitsbergen; 15–300 m.
REMARKS: Has been considered a junior synonym of Liparis fabricii Krøyer 1847, which, sensu
lato, is a species complex. Liparis koefoedi Parr is number 2808 on the Official List of Specific
Names in Zoology (ICZN 1982 [ref. 26872]). See comments on Ophidium parrii Ross under
Unavailable Species-Group Names.
Liparis kusnetzovi Taranetz 1935
Liparis (Neoliparis) kusnetzovi Taranetz 1935:86 [ref. 21494] (Japan Sea, Tatar Strait, sw.
Sakhalin I.). Syntypes: ZIN 25482 (3).
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: Japan Sea, Tatar Strait; shallow reef waters. Known
only from the types.
Liparis kussakini Pinchuk 1976
Liparis rutteri kussakini Pinchuk 1976:31, Fig. [ref. 7383] (Bering I., Commander Is., Russia, nw.
Pacific). Holotype: Inst. Mar. Biol. Vladivostok 1/20001.
D IS TRIBUTIO N : Wes tern N o rth P acif ic: Com m an der I slan d s; tid epo ol. K no wn on ly f r o m t h e t y p e s .
REMARKS: May not be a valid species.
Liparis laptevi Popov 1933
Liparis laptevi Popov 1933:160, Fig. [ref. 16520] (east of Cape Chelyuskin, 77°44'N, 112°50'E,
Laptev Sea, 90 [not 30] m). Lectotype: ZIN 35352.
DISTRIBUTION: Arctic Ocean: Laptev Sea. Known only from the types.
REMARKS: The lectotype was designated by Chernova (1998:766 [ref. 24687]). Liparis laptevi
has been considered a junior synonym of Liparis fabricii Krøyer 1847.
Liparis latifrons Schmidt 1950
Liparis latifrons Schmidt 1950:196 [187 of English transl.] [ref. 12471] (Okhotsk Sea between
Enkan Cape and St. Jona [Iony] I., 57°17'30"N, 141°08'E, 141 m). Lectotype: ZIN 29114.
Liparis latifrons meridionalis Schmidt 1950:197 [188 of English transl.] [ref. 12471] (Peter the
Great Bay, Bosfor Strait, Japan Sea, 106 m). Lectotype: ZIN 12433.
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DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: Japan Sea, Okhotsk Sea, southeastern Kamchatka; (0)
65 –1 65 (36 0) m.
REMARKS: The lectotypes were designated by Chernova (1998:766–767 [ref. 24687]). Some
authors consider Liparis latifrons meridionalis Schmidt 1950 a junior synonym of Liparis
ochotensis Schmidt 1904. Liparis rotundirostris Krasyukova 1984, Liparis eos Krasyukova 1984,
Liparis lindbergi Krasyukova 1984, Liparis quasimodo Krasyukova 1984, and Careproctus
furcatus Mori 1956 have been considered junior synonyms.
Liparis lindbergi Krasyukova 1984
Liparis lindbergi Krasyukova 1984:12, Fig. 6 [ref. 20305] (near Starodubskoye, e. coast of
Sakhalin I., Okhotsk Sea, 147–187 m). Holotype: ZIN 42376.
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: southwestern Okhotsk Sea. Known only from the types.
REMARKS: May be a junior synonym of Liparis latifrons Schmidt 1950.
Liparis liparis (Linnaeus 1766)
Cyclo pter us lip a ris Linn aeu s 17 6 6:41 4 [ ref. 27 86 ] ( No rth er n Ocean ). Sy ntyp es (p o ss ib le sy nty pes) :
BMNH 1 8 53 .11 .12 .1 8 2 [ G r on o v iu s coll.] ( 1 , sk in ) , Linn . S oc. Lon d . 26 – 2 7 ( 2 , lef t h alf -s k in s) .
Cyclopterus lineatus Lepechin 1774:522, Pl. 5 (figs. 2–3) [ref. 26748] (White Sea Passage,
Medvezhii I., n. Russia). Holotype: whereabouts unknown, probably lost.
Liparis lineatus var. assimilis Collett 1879:42 [ref. 21044] (Christianiafjord, Stavangerfjord,
Lofoten Is.). Syntypes: whereabouts unknown.
Liparis lineatus var. subfuscus Collett 1879:42 [ref. 21044] (Christianiafjord, Farsund, and
Varangerfjord). Syntypes: whereabouts unknown.
Liparis lineatus var. scorpioides Collett 1879:43 [ref. 21044] (Varanger). Syntypes (3): where-
abouts unknown.
Liparis lineatus var. mixtus Collett 1879:43 [ref. 21044] (Lofoten Is.). Holotype (unique):
whereabouts unknown.
Liparis lineatus var. decorus Collett 1879:43 [ref. 21044] (Christianiafjord and Lofoten Is.).
Syntypes: whereabouts unknown.
Liparis lineatus var. scriptus Collett 1879:43 [ref. 21044] (Buknfjord, Christianiafjord). Syntypes
(2): whereabouts unknown.
Liparis lineatus var. fuscus Collett 1879:45 [ref. 21044] (Nordcap, Varangerfjord). Syntypes (2):
whereabouts unknown.
Liparis vulgaris Fleming 1828:190 [ref. 1339] (England). No types known.
Liparis barbatus Ekström 1832:169, Pl. 5 [ref. 21034] (Baltic Sea, outside Sodermanland, Morko
Archipelago). Holotype (unique): NHMG 190.
Cyclopterus liparoides Nilsson 1832:62 [ref. 3204] (Norway). No types known.
Liparis lineatus Krøyer 1847:284 [ref. 19481] (Tromso, Norway). Holotype: ZMUC 110.
Liparis stellatus Malm 1865:406 [ref. 17596] (Bohuslan, Loken, North Sea). Holotype (unique):
NHMG 1231.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern North Atlantic and Arctic: Eu ro pean coastal w aters from English
Channel to eastern part of the Kola Peninsula (37°50'E), Jan Mayen, Iceland, an d s outhw ard to
Po rtugal; 3–78 m.
REMARKS: Cyclopterus lineatus Lepechin 1774 may not be a junior synonym of L. liparis, as
indicated by Able (1990:484 [ref. 20106]), but rather a senior synonym of Liparis tunicatus
Reinhardt 1836; see Chernova (1998:766 [ref. 24687]) and remarks under L. tunicatus. Collett’s
(1879 [ref. 21044]) L. lineatus forms assimilis, subfuscus, scorpioides, mixtus, decorus, scriptus,
and fuscus are based on color variations of L. liparis (Chernova 1991:20 [ref. 23263]).
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Liparis liparis bathyarcticus Parr 1931 from Spitsbergen is not a synonym of Liparis liparis
but is a junior synonym of Liparis gibbus Bean 1881. A valid subspecies, Liparis liparis barbatus
Ekström 1832, exists in the Baltic Sea.
Liparis maculatus Krasyukova 1984
Liparis maculatus Krasyukova 1984:5, Fig. 1 [ref. 20305] (e. coast of Sakhalin, Okhotsk Sea, near
Starodubskoe, 27–42 m). Holotype (unique): ZIN 42369.
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: Okhotsk Sea. Known only from the holotype.
REMARKS: This name is objectively invalid because it is preoccupied by Liparis maculatus
Malm 1865, a junior synonym of L. montagui (Donovan, 1804). However, Krasyukova’s name
can be used, as a nomen protectum, if Liparis maculatus Malm has not been used since 1899 as a
valid name and conditions of Article 23.9.2 are met. “Liparis maculatus Schmidt n. sp.” in
Lindberg (1959:255 [ref. 26863]) is a nomen nudum.
Liparis marmoratus Schmidt 1950
L ip ar is ma rm or atus Schm id t 1 95 0 :1 99 [ 1 90 o f Eng lis h tr ans l.], Pl. 1 6 (f ig . 1 ) [ ref. 1 2 47 1] (S ak halin ,
opposite Cape Elizaveta and Okha R., n. Okhotsk Sea, 100–165 m). Lectotype: ZIN 29112.
DISTRIBUTION: North Pacific: northern Okhotsk Sea near northern tip of Sakhalin Island and in
Gizhiginskaya Bay, and Bering Sea near St. Lawrence Island; 9 6– 165 m.
REMA RKS : The lecto ty pe was d esignated by Chernova (1998:767 [ref. 24687]).
Liparis mednius (Soldatov 1930)
Neoliparis mednius Soldatov in Soldatov & Lindberg 1930:339, Fig. 55 [ref. 4164] (Medny I.,
Commander Is., Bering Sea). Neotype: ZIN 30606.
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: Commander Islands (Medny and Bering); tidepools and
shallow water.
REMARKS: The neotype was designated by Chernova (1998:767 [ref. 24687]). Possibly a junior
synonym of Liparis micraspidophorus (Gilbert & Burke 1912).
Liparis megacephalus (Burke 1912)
Cyclogaster megacephalus Burke 1912:569 [ref. 701] (e. Bering Sea, Alaska, Albatross sta. 3519,
60°06'00"N, 171°25'00"W, 37 fm). Holotype: USNM 53791.
DISTRIBUTION: North Pacific: eastern Bering Sea and western Aleutian Islands; 58–69 m. South
Korean record (Kim et al. 1993 [ref. 22288]) is questionable.
Liparis micraspidophorus (Gilbert & Burke 1912)
Cyclogaster (Neoliparis) micraspidophorus Gilbert & Burke 1912:71, Fig. 16 [ref. 1634]
(Nikolski, Bering I., Bering Sea). Holotype: USNM 74379.
DISTRIBUTION: North Pacific: Commander Islands (Bering Islan d), Aleutian Islands from Attu
Island to Cold Bay, Alaska Peninsula; intertidal.
REMARKS: Liparis mednius (Soldatov 1930) may be a junior synonym.
Liparis miostomus Matsubara & Iwai 1954
Liparis miostomus Matsubara & Iwai 1954:429, Fig. 4 [ref. 12283] (off Kushiro, Hokkaido,
Japan).
Holotype: FAKU 13291.
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: Japan Sea, Okhotsk and Pacific coasts of Hokkaido,
southeastern Kamchatka; 0–10 m.
Liparis montagui (Donovan 1804)
Cyclopterus monta gui Do novan 1804:5 [not paginated], Pl. 68 [ref. 17408 ] (Eng land). No ty pes kn own.
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Cyclopterus gobius Nilsson 1832:62 [ref. 3204] (Landskrona, Sweden). No types known.
Liparis ekstromii Malm 1865:412 [ref. 17596]. (Hallebæk [Kattegat, Sweden]). No types known.
Liparis maculatus Malm 1865:412 [ref. 17596] (Bukn, Bohuslan). No types known.
Liparis montagui var. annulatus Collett 1879:39 [ref. 21044] (Christiansund, Norway). Holotype
(unique): whereabouts unknown.
Liparis montagui var. obscurus Collett 1879:40 [ref. 21044] (Hardangerfjorden, Norway).
Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown.
L ipa r is m o n tag u i v ar . p ictu s Collett 18 79 :40 [ ref . 21 0 44 ] (Berg en , N or way and Øx fo rd , F in m ar ken) .
Syntypes: (3) whereabouts unknown.
Liparis montagui var. principalis Collett 1879:38 [ref. 21044]. (Christianafjord, Stavanger,
Manger, Finmarken). Syntypes: whereabouts unknown.
Liparis montagui var. striatus Collett 1879:39 [ref. 21044] (Manger, on Bergen coast). Holotype
(unique): whereabouts unknown.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern North Atlantic and Arctic: European waters, northeast to Kola Penin-
sula, south to Bay of Biscay; Iceland, Faeroe Islands; tidal and sublittoral.
REMARKS: Specimens of “Liparis gobius” from Landskrona, NRM 30408 (2, nontypes),
described by Schagerström (1838:248 [ref. 18677]) are Liparis montagui (Donovan 1804).
Liparis mucosus Ayres 1855
Liparis mucosus Ayres 1855:24 [ref. 13428] (San Francisco, California, U.S.A.). Syntypes: CAS
(2) destroyed in 1906 earthquake and fire.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern North Pacific: southeastern Alaska (Samsing Cove and Baker Island)
and British Columbia to Baja California; depth to 15 m, not typically in tidepools.
REMARKS: The CAS specimen described and illustrated in Jordan and Starks (1895:832, Pl. 95
[xcv] [ref. 2522]) as Neoliparis mucosus (Ayres) might have been one of the original syntypes.
Liparis newmani Cohen 1960
Liparis newmani Cohen 1960:15, Fig. 1 [ref. 11904] (off Chodo I., w. coast of Korea, ca. 38°30'N,
124°15'E, 5–8 fm). Holotype (unique): SU 53270.
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: Yellow Sea. Known only from the holotype.
Liparis niger Soldatov & Lindberg 1930
Liparis niger Soldatov & Lindberg 1930:352, Fig. 56 [ref. 4164] (Peter the Great Bay, Tatar Strait,
Pacific). Holotype (unique): lost.
D I STRI BU TI O N: W ester n N o r th P acif ic: Tatar S tr ait; d ep th u n kn o w n . K n ow n o nly f ro m ho lo typ e.
REMARKS: May be a junior synonym of Liparis ochotensis Schmidt 1904.
Liparis ochotensis Schmidt 1904
Liparis ochotensis Schmidt 1904:163, Fig. 11 [ref. 3946] (Okhotsk Sea north of Cape Patience
[Mys Terpeniya], near Popov Point, Sakhalin I., Russia, 49 fm). Lectotype: ZIN 12963.
Cyclogaster ingens Gilbert & Burke 1912:360, Pl. 43 (fig. 1) [ref. 1633] (off coast of Korea, Japan
Sea, Albatross sta. 4863, 36°21'N, 129°53'E, 250 fm). Holotype (unique): USNM 73330.
Liparis multiradiatus Matsubara & Iwai 1954:437, Fig. 9 [ref. 12283] (off Kushiro, Hokkaido,
Japan).
Holotype: FAKU 13303.
DISTRIBUTION: North Pacific: Japan Sea from Korea to Tatar Strait, Okhotsk Sea from mouth
of Amur River to Aniva Bay off Cape Terpeniya, Pacific off Hokkaido to Kuril Islands and
southeastern Kamchatka, northern and eastern Bering Sea; 58–761 m.
REMARKS: The lectotype of L. ochotensis Schmidt was designated by Chernova (1998:768 [ref.
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24687]). Liparis niger Soldatov & Lindberg 1930 and Liparis latifrons Schmidt 1950 have been
considered junior syonyms.
Liparis owstoni (Jordan & Snyder 1904)
Trismegistus owstoni Jordan & Snyder 1904:238, Pl. 58; Fig. 29 [ref. 2519] (Enoshima, Sagami
Bay, Japan). Holotype (unique): SU 8385.
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: East China Sea coast of Kyushu Island off Nagasaki,
Pacific coast of Honshu at Sagami Bay, and Japan Sea off Hokkaido, near Oki Island (Sanin
Region of Honshu), and at Peter the Great Bay and Tatar Strait
; 0–10 m.
REMARKS: Kido (1988 [ref. 12287]) erroneously thought that Liparis owstoni was possibly
based on an abnormal specimen of Liparis tanakae (Gilbert & Burke 1912).
Liparis petschiliensis (Rendahl 1926)
Cyclogaster petschiliensis Rendahl 1926:185 [ref. 15608] (Peithaiho [Peitaiho], Chili, China).
Syntypes: (4) ?NRM 17880–81 (2, 2).
D I STRI BU TI O N: W ester n N o r th P acif ic: Y ello w Sea; dep th u n k n ow n . Kn o w n o n ly f r o m th e ty p es.
Liparis pravdini Schmidt 1951
Liparis pravdini Schmidt 1951:378, Fig. 1 [ref. 20306] (Mordvinov Bay, e. Sakhalin I., s. Okhotsk
Sea, Russia, 80–99 m). Holotype (unique): ZIN 42383.
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: Okhotsk Sea. Known only from the holotype.
Liparis pulchellus Ayres 1855
Liparis pulchellus Ayres 1855:26 [ref. 13428] (San Francisco market, probably taken in San
Francisco Bay, California, U.S.A.). Holotype (unique): apparently lost.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern North Pacific: southeastern Bering Sea and Aleutian I sland s to Monterey
Bay, central California; 9–90 (183) m.
REMARKS: Specimens reported from Peter the Great Bay and Aniva Bay are not this species.
Liparis punctatus Schmidt 1950
Liparis punctatus Schmidt 1950:197 [189 of English transl.] [ref. 12471] (Okhotsk Sea between
Enkan Cape and Iony I., 68 m). Lectotype: ZIN 42818 [ex ZIN 29121].
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: Okhotsk Sea; 58–165 m.
REMARKS: The lectotype was designated by Chernova (1998:768 [ref. 24687]).
Liparis punctulatus (Tanaka 1916)
Careproctus punctulatus Tanaka 1916:174 [ref. 15076] (Bishamon, near Misaki, Kanagawa Pref.,
Japan). Holotype (unique): ZUMT 7079.
Careproctus okadae Tanaka 1916:174 [ref. 15076] (Noroiso Bay, near Misaki, Japan). Holotype
(unique): ?ZUMT 7080.
Liparis franzi Abe 1950:135, Figs. 1–2 [ref. 15629] (Misaki, Japan). Holotype: LICPP 115.
Liparis punctulatus rutilus Abe 1955:323, Fig. 4 [ref. 12176] (Koiso, Hayama, Kanagawa Pref.,
Japan).
Holotype: LICPP 626.
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: Japan Sea from Korean Peninsula to Peter the Great
Bay, and Japan Sea and Pacific coasts of Japan from Nagasaki to Aomori Prefecture, northern
Honshu; 0–20 m.
REMARKS: Careproctus sarasa Tanaka 1916 may be a junior synonym.
Liparis quasimodo Krasyukova 1984
Liparis quasimodo Krasyukova 1984:7, Fig. 2 [ref. 20305] (Terpeniya Bay, e. coast of Sakhalin I.,
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Okhotsk Sea, 60 m). Holotype (unique): ZIN 42391.
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: southern Okhotsk Sea. Known only from the holotype.
REMARKS: “Liparis quasimodo Schmidt sp. n.” in Lindberg (1959:255 [ref. 26863]) is a nomen
nudum. May be a synonym of Liparis latifrons Schmidt 1950.
Liparis rhodosoma Burke 1930
Liparis rhodosoma Burke 1930:81 [ref. 702] (off Sakhalin, Okhotsk Sea, Albatross sta. 5023,
48°43'30"N, 145°03'E, 75 fm).
Holotype: SU 22271.
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: Okhotsk Sea; 0–150 m.
REMARKS: Has been considered a junior synonym of Liparis ochotensis Schmidt 1904.
Liparis rotundirostris Krasyukova 1984
Liparis rotundirostris Krasyukova 1984:9, Fig. 4 [ref. 20305] (Mordvinov Bay, e. coast of
Sakhalin I., Okhotsk Sea, 60–80 m). Holotype: ZIN 42372.
DI STRI BU TIO N: Western No rth Pacific: s ou th wes tern Ok ho ts k S ea. Kn ow n on ly f r om th e ho lo typ e.
REMARKS: “Liparis rotundirostris Schmidt sp. n.” in Lindberg 1959:255 [ref. 26863] is a nomen
nudum. Has been considered a junior synonym of Liparis latifrons Schmidt 1950.
Liparis rutteri (Gilbert & Snyder 1898)
Neoliparis rutteri Gilbert & Snyder in Jordan & Evermann 1898:2108 [ref. 2444] (Uyak Bay,
Kodiak I., Alaska, U.S.A.). Lectotype: SU 5701.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern North Pacific: Aleutian Islands and Gulf of Alaska; tidepools and
shallow water.
REMARKS: Stein et al. (2003:822 [ref. 27262]) provided a redescription of this species and
designated a lectotype. Liparis rutteri kussakini Pinchuk 1976 [ref. 7383] from Bering Island is
not this species.
Liparis schantarensis (Lindberg & Dulkeit 1929)
Neoliparis schantarensis Lindberg & Dulkeit 1929:47, Fig. [ref. 19732] (Konstantin Bay, Okhotsk
Sea). Syntypes: (2) not at ZIN.
D I STRI BU TI O N: W ester n N o r th P acif ic: O k h ots k S ea, s o u theas ter n K am ch atk a; in tertid al to 16 m .
Liparis schmidti Lindberg & Krasyukova 1987
Liparis schmidti Lindberg & Krasyukova 1987:385, figured [ref. 15964] (west coast of Sakhalin
I., Japan Sea). Holotype: ZIN 12996 (lost).
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: Tatar Strait; intertidal. Known only from the holotype.
Liparis tanakae (Gilbert & Burke 1912)
Cyclogaster tanakae Gilbert & Burke 1912:357, Pl. 42 (fig. 2) [ref. 1633] (Vries I., Sagami Bay,
Japan).
Holotype: SU 21417.
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: Yellow Sea, East China Sea, Japan Sea, Okhotsk Sea,
Pacific coast of Japan to northern Kuril Islands; 50–121 m.
REMARKS: Occasionally seen spelled tanakai, but the correct original spelling is tanakae and
m u st n o t b e ch an ged ( see, es p ecially , A r ticles 3 1 .1.3 and 3 2 .5 .1 ).
Liparis tartaricus Soldatov 1930
Liparis tartaricus Soldatov in Soldatov & Lindberg 1930:361, Pl. 16 (upper) [ref. 4164] (Peter the
Great Bay, n. Pacific). Holotype (unique): not at ZIN.
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: Japan Sea at Peter the Great Bay and off Petrov Island;
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shallow water.
Liparis tessellatus (Gilbert & Burke 1912)
Cyclogaster tessellatus Gilbert & Burke 1912:355, Pl. 41 (fig. 3); Fig. 2 [ref. 1633] (se. coast of
Hokkaido, west of Erimo Saki, Japan, Albatross sta. 5042, 42°17'30"N, 142°07'30"E, 61 fm).
Holotype: USNM 73328.
Liparis brevicaudus Mori 1956:31, Figs. 1–2 [ref. 7765] (Yamato Bank, central Japan Sea,
38°–39°N, east of 134°E, 300–400 m). Holotype (unique) (?): whereabouts unknown.
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: Japan Sea off Korean Peninsula to Tatar Strait and
S himane Pr ef ectur e ( so uth er n Ho n sh u) to H ok k aido , P acif ic off I barak i Pr efectur e ( cen tr al H o ns hu )
to South Kuril Strait, Okhotsk Sea off southern Sakhalin; to 400 m, usually less than 270 m.
REMARKS: Liparis alboventer (Krasyukova 1984) may be a junior synonym.
Liparis tunicatiformis Krasyukova 1984
Liparis tunicatiformis Krasyukova 1984:8, Fig. 3 [ref. 20305] (Tatar Strait, w. coast Sakhalin I.
near Antonovo, nw. Pacific). Holotype: ZIN 34953.
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: Japan Sea (west coast of Sakhalin Island, Tatar Strait)
and South Kuril Strait; 14–33 m.
REMARKS: “Liparis tunicatiformes Schmidt sp. n.” in Lindberg (1959:255 [ref. 26863]) is a
nomen nudum. Liparis tunicatiformis may be a junior synonym of Liparis agassizii Putnam 1874.
Liparis tunicatus Reinhardt 1836
Liparis tunicata Reinhardt 1836:12 [ref. 6587] (Greenland). No types known.
Liparis arctica Gill 1864:191 [ref. 1700] (Port Foulke, Greenland). Syntypes: ANSP, USNM 5341
(1, lost).
Liparis steineni Fischer 1885:63 [ref. 1333] (Arctic [not South Georgia I.]). Lectotype: ZMH
H422 [ex 3945].
Liparis herschelinus Scofield in Jordan & Evermann 1898:2123 [ref. 2444] (Herschel I., 80 mi.
west of Mackenzie R., Arctic Ocean). Syntypes: ANSP 114539 [ex SU] (1), SU 5601 (1),
69778 [ex SU 5601] (18).
DISTRIBUTION: Arctic and adjacent North Atlantic and North Pacific: circumpolar, south to
Greenland and in Bering Sea south to St. Matthew Island and Anadyr Bay; to 90 (150) m.
REMARKS: Liparis tunicata Reinhardt also appeared on p. cxi in Kgl. Danske Vidensk. Selsk.
Natur. Math. Afhandl., 1837, v. 6: cvii–cxi. The lectotype of Liparis steineni Fischer was
designated by Ladiges et al. (1958:167 [ref. 19181]). Liparis herschelinus also appeared as new in
Scofield (1899:504, Pl. 74 [ref. 20627]).
“Cyclopterus liparis altera minor” Fabricius 1780:135 [ref. 17464] from Greenland is infra-
subspecific and in the synonymy of Liparis tunicatus Reinhardt 1836.
Liparis zonatus Chernova, Stein & Andriashev 2004
Liparis zonatus Chernova, Stein & Andriashev 2004:30 [this publication] (Heishi-chao, Dalian,
Liaoning Prov., China). Holotype: Liaoning Mar. Fish Res. Inst. 830043.
Liparis maculatus Ding in Liu & Qin et al. 1987:412 [ref. 23200] (Heishi-chao, Dalian, Liaoning
Prov., China). Holotype: Liaoning Mar. Fish. Res. Inst. 830043.
DISTRIBUTION: Northwest Pacific: Yellow Sea, Dalian and south of Liao Dong Wan; black rock
reef, depth not known.
REMARKS: The name Liparis zonatus Chernova, Stein & Andriashev 2004 (nomen novum) is
herein provided as a replacement name for Liparis maculatus Ding 1987, which is preoccupied by
Liparis maculatus Malm 1865 and Liparis maculatus Krasyukova 1984. The specific epithet
zonatus is from the Latin meaning “banded.”
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Genus Lipariscus Gilbert 1915
Lipariscus Gilbert 1915:358 [ref. 1632]. Type species Lipariscus nanus Gilbert 1915. Type by
original designation (also monotypic).
REMARKS: Lipariscus has been considered a junior synonym of Paraliparis Collett 1879.
Lipariscus nanus Gilbert 1915
Lipariscus nanus Gilbert 1915:358, Pl. 19 (fig. 15) [ref. 1632] (Monterey Bay, California, U.S.A.,
Albatross sta. 4461, 285–357 fm). Holotype: USNM 75817.
DISTRIBUTION: North Pacific: southern Okhotsk Sea off Hokkaido, western Bering Sea off
Commander Islands, eastern Bering Sea over continental slope, eastern Gulf of Alaska, and Pacific
off British Columbia to Monterey Bay, California; pelagic, (0) 58–910 m.
Genus Nectoliparis Gilbert & Burke 1912
Nectoliparis Gilbert & Burke 1912:82 [ref. 1634]. Type species Nectoliparis pelagicus Gilbert &
Burke 1912. Type by original designation (also monotypic).
Nectoliparis pelagicus Gilbert & Burke 1912
Nectoliparis pelagicus Gilbert & Burke 1912:82, Fig. 27 [ref. 1634] (between Attu I., Aleutian Is.
and Medny I., Commander Is., Bering Sea, Albatross sta. 4785, 53°20'N, 170°33'E, estimated
300 fm). Holotype: USNM 74389.
DISTRIBUTION: North Pacific: Okhotsk Sea, Pacific southeast of Hokkaido to southeastern
Kamchatka and Bering Sea, Alaska to California; pelagic, (0) 200–3,383 m (maximum depths
unlikely, probably collected in non-closing nets nearer to the surface).
Genus Notoliparis Andriashev 1975
Notoliparis Andriashev 1975:315 [ref. 119]. Type species Notoliparis kurchatovi Andriashev
1975. Type by original designation.
Notoliparis kermadecensis (Nielsen 1964)
Careproctus kermadecensis Nielsen 1964:117, Fig. 5 [ref. 2739] (Kermadec Trench, 35°51'S,
178°31'W, 6,660–6,770 m). Holotype: ZMUC P82217.
DISTRIBUTION: Western South Pacific: Kermadec Trench. Known only from the types.
Notoliparis kurchatovi Andriashev 1975
Notoliparis kurchatovi Andriashev 1975:315, Fig. [ref. 119] (South Orkney Is., s. Atlantic,
60°13'S, 44°11'W, 5,474–5,465 m). Holotype (unique): ZIN 41755.
DISTRIBUTION: Western South Atlantic: South Orkney Trench. Known only from the holotype.
Notoliparis macquariensis Andriashev 1978
Notoliparis macquariensis Andriashev 1978:155, Figs. 1–2 [ref. 8965] (w. Pacific, Macquarie
Trench, 54°59'S, 159°21'E, 5,400–5,410 m). Holotype: ZIN 43160.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Ocean: Macquarie–Hjort Trench. Known only from the types.
Genus Odontoliparis Stein 1978
Odontoliparis Stein 1978:33 [ref. 4203]. Type species Odontoliparis ferox Stein 1978. Type by
original designation (also monotypic).
Odontoliparis ferox Stein 1978
Odontoliparis ferox Stein 1978:33, Fig. 10d [ref. 4203] (off Oregon, U.S.A., Yaquina cruise
C7310B, sta. CP-3-D, haul BMT 335, 44°59.8'N, 127°29.2'W, 2,884 m). Holotype (unique):
USNM 214591.
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DISTRIBUTION: Eastern North Pacific: off Oregon. Known only from the holotype.
Genus Osteodiscus Stein 1978
Osteodiscus Stein 1978:24 [ref. 4203]. Type species Osteodiscus cascadiae Stein 1978. Type by
original designation (also monotypic).
Osteodiscus andriashevi Pitruk & Fedorov 1990
Osteodiscus andriashevi Pitruk & Fedorov 1990:856 [112], Fig. 1 [ref. 20174] (Okhotsk Sea,
48°10'N, 148°02'[or 148°01']E, 1,950–1,930 m). Holotype: ZIN 49367.
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: central Okhotsk Sea; 766–1,950 m.
Osteodiscus cascadiae Stein 1978
Osteodiscus cascadiae Stein 1978:24, Fig. 9 [ref. 4203] (off Oregon, U.S.A., Yaquina cruise
Y6910A, sta. CP-1-E, haul BMT 119, 44°40.7'N, 125°35.9'W, 2,779 m).
Holotype: USNM
214619.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern North Pacific: off British Columbia to Oregon; 1,900–3,000 m.
Genus Palmoliparis Balushkin 1996
Palmoliparis Balushkin 1996:293 [ref. 22524]. Type species Palmoliparis beckeri Balushkin
1996. Type by original designation (also monotypic).
Palmoliparis beckeri Balushkin 1996
Palmoliparis beckeri Balushkin 1996:294, Figs. 1–3 [ref. 22524] (n. Kuril Is., 49°22'N, 155°40'E,
256–277 m). Holotype: ZIN 50969.
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: northern Kuril Islands and southeastern Kamchatka;
200–800 m.
Genus Paraliparis Collett 1879
Paraliparis Collett 1879:34 [ref. 885]. Subgenus of Liparis. Type species Liparis bathybii Collett
1879. Type by monotypy.
Am itr a G oo d e 18 8 1 :47 7 [r ef . 1 8 3 3 ]. Ty pe s p ecies Am itr a lip a r in a G oo d e 18 8 1 . Ty p e b y mo n o typ y .
Monomitra Goode 1883:109 [ref. 1835]. Type species Amitra liparina Goode 1881. Type by
being a replacement name.
Gymnolycodes Vaillant 1888:312 [ref. 4496]. Type species Gymnolycodes edwardsi Vaillant
1888. Type by monotypy.
Hilgendorfia Goode & Bean 1896:280 [ref. 1848]. Type species Paraliparis membranaceus
Günther 1887. Type by monotypy.
Amitrichthys Jordan & Evermann 1896:453 [ref. 2442]. Subgenus of Paraliparis. Type species
Paraliparis cephalus Gilbert 1892. Type by original designation.
Merophorus Garman 1899:114 [ref. 1540]. Type species Paraliparis angustifrons Garman 1899.
Type by monotypy.
REMARKS: Paraliparis Collett 1879 was described as a subgenus of Liparis Scopoli 1777.
Amitra Goode 1881 is not preoccupied by Amitrus in Coleoptera; therefore, Monomitra Goode
1883 is an unneeded replacement name.
Merophorus Garman 1899 should be recognized formally as a synonym of Paraliparis, being
used in combination with the species name angustifrons. This generic name was used only in two
places on page 114. All other mentions of angustifrons by Garman in the same work are in
combination with Paraliparis, and no one else has used the named Merophorus.
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Paraliparis abyssorum Andriashev & Chernova 1997
Paraliparis abyssorum Andriashev & Chernova 1997:439, Figs. 3–4 [ref. 23747] (ne. Atlantic,
49°54'N, 13°56'W, 3,852 m). Holotype: BMNH 1996.6.28.6.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern North Atlantic: southwest of Ireland. Known only from the types.
Paraliparis albeolus Schmidt 1950
Paraliparis albeolus Schmidt 1950:220 [212 of English transl.], Pl. 20 (fig. 1) [ref. 12471] (about
midway between Iony I.
and Kamchatka, n. Okhotsk Sea, 55°31'N, 149°10'E, 375 m). Syn-
types: MCZ 34079 (1, missing), ZIN 24482 (6, now 2).
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: Okhotsk Sea; 260–375 m.
REMARKS: Paraliparis albeolus Schmidt in Taranetz (1937:137 [ref. 13384]) is a nomen nudum.
Paraliparis albescens Gilbert 1915
Paraliparis albescens Gilbert 1915:355, Pl. 18 (fig. 13) [ref. 1632] (Monterey Bay, California,
U.S.A., Albatross sta. 4515, 198–495 fm). Holotype (unique): USNM 75816.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern Pacific: Monterey Bay; 362–905 m. Known only from the types.
Paraliparis andriashevi Stein & Tompkins 1989
Paraliparis Andriashevi Stein & Tompkins 1989:4, Figs. 5–6 [ref. 12858] (Ross Sea, 72°26.5'S,
177°08'E, 1,890 m). Holotype: LACM 11467-2.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Ocean: Ross Sea, Antarctica; 1,883–2,306 m.
Paraliparis angustifrons Garman 1899
Paraliparis angustifrons Garman 1899:119, Pls. 27 (fig. 4), 28 (fig. 4), 29 (fig. 3) [ref. 1540] (off
Panama Bay, Albatross sta. 3394, 7°21'N, 79°35'W, 511 fm). Syntypes: MCZ 28699 (2, poor
condition).
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern North Pacific: off Panama; 935 m. Known only from the types.
Paraliparis antarcticus Regan 1914
Paraliparis antarcticus Regan 1914:11 [ref. 3661] (south of Balleny I., Antarctica, 200 fm).
Lectotype: BMNH 1913.12.4.58-60.
Paraliparis wildi Waite 1916:43, Pl. 4 (fig. 1); Fig. 9 [ref. 4568] (Mary Land, off Shackleton Ice
Shelf, 65°06'S, 96°13'E, Antarctica, 325 fm). Holotype (unique): SAMA F378.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Ocean: shelf of East Antarctica; 300–782 m.
REMARKS: The lectotype was designated by Andriashev (1982:536 [ref. 8514]).
Paraliparis anthracinus Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001
Paraliparis anthracinus Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001:364, Fig. 20 [ref. 25901] (west of
Granville Harbour, w. coast of Tasmania, Australia, 41°46.4'S, 144°24.4'E, 1,024–1,080 m).
Holotype (unique): CSIRO H1576-02.
DISTRIBUTION: Southeastern Indian Ocean: Great Australian Bight off Tasmania. Known only
from the holotype.
Paraliparis aspersus Andriashev 1992
Paraliparis aspersus Andriashev 1992:149, Figs. 1–3 [ref. 21311] (South Atlantic, Walther
Herwig sta. 804/78, 54°38'S, 61°49'W). Holotype: ISH 477-78.
DISTRIBUTION: Western South Atlantic: Argentina and Burdwood Bank; 800–845 m.
Paraliparis ater Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001
Paraliparis ater Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001:365, Fig. 21 [ref. 25901] (west of Granville
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Harbour, w. coast of Tasmania, Australia, 41°45.8'S, 144°24.8'E, 1,000–992 m). Holotype
(unique): CSIRO H749-04.
DISTRIBUTION: Southeastern Indian Ocean: Great Australian Bight off Tasmania. Known only
from the holotype.
Paraliparis atramentatus Gilbert & Burke 1912
Paraliparis atramentatus Gilbert & Burke 1912:377, Pl. 48 (fig. 1) [ref. 1633] (off Cape
Shionomisaki, e. coast of Honshu, Japan, Albatross sta. 4971, 33°23'30"N, 135°34'E, 649 fm).
Holotype (unique): USNM 73345.
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: off Honshu, Japan, and Okinawa Trough, East China
Sea; 1,000–1,188 m.
Paraliparis atrolabiatus Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001
Paraliparis atrolabiatus Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001:366, Fig. 22 [ref. 25901] (west of
Cape Sorell, w. coast of Tasmania, Australia, 42°20.45'S, 144°40.4'E, 1,120–1,220 m).
Holotype (unique): CSIRO H550-11.
DISTRIBUTION: Southeastern Indian Ocean: Great Australian Bight off Tasmania. Known only
from the holotype.
Paraliparis attenuatus Garman 1899
Paraliparis attenuatus Garman 1899:118, Pls. 27 (fig. 3), 28 (fig. 3), 29 (fig. 2) [ref. 1540] (off
Panama Bay, Albatross sta. 3364, 5°30'00"N, 86°8'30"W, 902 fm). Holotype (unique): MCZ
28700 (poor condition).
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern North Pacific: off Panama; 1,650 m. Known only from the holotype.
Paraliparis auriculatus Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001
Paraliparis auriculatus Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001:367, Fig. 23 [ref. 25901] (west of
Granville Harbour, w. coast of Tasmania, Australia, 41°45.8'S, 144°24.8'E, 1,000-992 m).
Holotype (unique): CSIRO H749-06.
DISTRIBUTION: Southeastern Indian Ocean: Great Australian Bight off Tasmania. Known only
from the holotype.
Paraliparis australiensis Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001
Paraliparis australiensis Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001:369, Fig. 24 [ref. 25901] (100 km
south of Kangaroo I., South Australia, 37°01.09'S, 137°25.44'E, 1,090–1,160 m). Holotype
(unique): NMV A21497.
DISTRIBUTION: Southeastern Indian Ocean: Great Australian Bight off South Australia. Known
only from the holotype.
Paraliparis australis Gilchrist 1902
Paraliparis australis Gilchrist 1902:107, Pl. 7 [ref. 1644] (40 miles west by north off Table
Mountain, South Africa, 300 fm). Syntypes: (2) BMNH 1902.5.28.15 (1), ?SAM 25104 (1).
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern South Atlantic: off southwestern Africa, 17°31'S–32°28'S; 295–571 m.
Paraliparis avellaneus Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001
Paraliparis avellaneus Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001:370, Fig. 25 [ref. 25901] (Australia,
100 km south of Kangaroo I., 37°01.09'S, 137°25.44'E, 1,090–1,160 m).
Holotype (unique):
NMV A5873.
DISTRIBUTION: Southeastern Indian Ocean: Great Australian Bight off South Australia. Known
only from the holotype.
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Paraliparis badius Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001
Paraliparis badius Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001:371, Fig. 26 [ref. 25901] (off Tasmania,
Australia, depth unknown). Holotype (unique): CSIRO T1981-01.
DISTRIBUTION: Southeastern Indian Ocean: Great Australian Bight off Tasmania. Known only
from the holotype.
Paraliparis balgueriasi Matallanas 1999
Paraliparis balgueriasi Matallanas 1999:1018, Fig. 1 [ref. 24927] (Weddell Sea, 71°53'S,
12°43'W, 504–529 m). Holotype (unique): ZUAB 014-1997.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Ocean: Weddell Sea, Antarctica. Known only from the holotype.
Paraliparis bathybius (Collett 1879)
Liparis (Paraliparis) bathybii Collett 1879:32 [ref. 885] (108 km west of Bear I., Barents Sea,
1,200 m).
Holotype (unique): ZMUO J4346.
DISTRIBUTION: Arctic: Norwegian and Greenland seas, Baffin Bay, Central Polar Basin; (200)
1,080–2,824 m.
REMARKS: Also appeared as new in Collett (1880:52, Pl. 2 (fig. 14) [ref. 887]). Species was
described as Liparis bathybii and placed in the new subgenus Paraliparis later in the same work.
Emended to bathybius by authors, first by Günther (1887:68 [ref. 2013]), and that spelling has
been in prevailing usage since 1892 and should be used for consistency.
Paraliparis bipolaris Andriashev 1997
Paraliparis bipolaris Andriashev 1997:261, Figs. 1–2 [ref. 23173] (ne. Atlantic, 50°12'N,
13°40'W, 3,000–3,040 m). Holotype: BMNH 1996.6.28.9 [not 1996.6.2819].
DISTRIBUTION: North Atlantic: southwest of Ireland. Known only from the types.
Paraliparis brunneocaudatus Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001
Paraliparis brunneocaudatus Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001:372, Fig. 27 [ref. 25901] (w.
coast of Tasmania, Australia). Holotype (unique): CSIRO T1980-01.
DISTRIBUTION: Southeastern Indian Ocean: Great Australian Bight off Tasmania; depth not
known. Known only from the holotype.
Paraliparis brunneus Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001
Paraliparis brunneus Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001:374, Fig. 28 [ref. 25901] (west of
Granville Harbour, w. coast of Tasmania, 41°45.8'S, 144°24.8'E, 1,000–992 m). Holotype
(unique): CSIRO H749-05.
DISTRIBUTION: Southeastern Indian Ocean: Great Australian Bight off Tasmania. Known only
from the holotype.
Paraliparis calidus Cohen 1968
Paraliparis calidus Cohen 1968:385, Fig. 1 [ref. 7880] (Gulf of Mexico, Oregon sta. 4662,
27°25'N, 93°40'W, 400 fm). Holotype: USNM 202469.
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Atlantic: Gulf of St. Lawrence to Gulf of Mexico; 150–732 m.
Paraliparis cephalus Gilbert 1892
Paraliparis cephalus Gilbert 1892:561 [ref. 1626] (off California and Oregon, 284–984 fm).
Syntypes: SU 21 (4).
DISTRIBUTION: North Pacific: off Commander Islands, central Bering Sea, off Unalaska Island,
western Gulf of Alaska, northern British Columbia to southern California; 294–1,799 m.
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Paraliparis cerasinus Andriashev 1986
Paraliparis cerasinus Andriashev 1986:40, Fig. 13 [ref. 12760] (Princess Astrid Coast, e.
Antarctica, 69°14'S, 12°35'E, 959–1,100 m). Holotype (unique): ZIN 46808.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Ocean: East Antarctica. Known only from the holotype.
Paraliparis challengeri Andriashev 1993
Paraliparis challengeri Andriashev 1993:598, Figs. 1–2 [ref. 21898] (ne. Atlantic, 57°01'N,
10°05'W, 2,100 m). Holotype: BMNH 1992.4.10.8.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern North Atlantic: Porcupine Basin; 2,000–2,100 m.
Paraliparis charcoti Duhamel 1992
Paraliparis charcoti Duhamel 1992:196, Fig. 1c [ref. 19909] (Halley Bay, Weddell Sea,
74°40.2'S, 29°36.6'W, 484–509 m). Holotype: MNHN 1991-0352.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Ocean: Weddell Sea, Antarctica; 460–793 m.
Paraliparis copei Goode & Bean 1896
Paraliparis copei Goode & Bean 1896:279, Pl. 71 (fig. 253) [ref. 1848] (Gulf Stream, Albatross
sta. 2232, 39°12'17"N, 72°09'30"W, 520 fm). Holotype: USNM 35637.
Paraliparis wilsoni Richards 1966:171, Fig. 1 [ref. 9058] (off Gabon, w. Africa, 4°08'S, 10°08'E,
1134 m).
Holotype (unique): USNM 198201.
Paraliparis copei kerguelensis Andriashev 1982:722, Figs. 1(4–6), 2(3) [ref. 8516] (sw. Indian
Ocean, near Kerguelen Is., 50°01'S, 70°48'E, 580–600 m). Holotype: ZIN 45825.
Paraliparis copei gibbericeps Andriashev 1982:182 [4 of English transl.], Figs. 2, 3(2) [ref. 8515]
(near South Georgia I., South Atlantic, 53°39'S, 36°20'W, 640–625 m). Holotype: ZIN 45711.
DISTRIBUTION: North Atlantic and eastern South Atlantic; (200) 372–1,692 m.
REMA RK S : F o u r s u bs p ecies are r eco g n ized : P. c. cop ei ( No r th A tlantic, ( 2 0 0) 5 4 8– 1 ,6 92 m ) ; P. c.
wils o n i ( Meteo r S eamo u n t an d W alv is Ridg e to s o uth w est A f rica, 7 0 0 – 1,1 3 4 m ) ; P. c. ker g uelen sis
(Kerguelen Islands and Kerguelen Plateau, 372–1,050 m); and P. c. gibbericeps (South Georgia
Island, 400–1,000 m).
Paraliparis coracinus Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001
Paraliparis coracinus Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001:375, Fig. 29 [ref. 25901] (west of Cape
Martin, off South Australia, 37°34.53'S, 138°57.00'E, 1,205–1,175 m). Holotype (unique):
CSIRO H1935-02.
DISTRIBUTION: Southeastern Indian Ocean: Great Australian Bight off South Australia. Known
only from the holotype.
Paraliparis costatus Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001
Paraliparis costatus Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001:376, Fig. 30 [ref. 25901] (west of
Granville Harbour, w. coast of Tasmania, Australia, 41°51.4'S, 144°23.8'E, 1,366–1,370 m).
Holotype: CSIRO H561-02.
D IS TRIBUTIO N : S o uth easter n I n d ian O cean : G r eat A u s tr alian Bigh t o ff Tas man ia; 1 ,0 42 –1 ,37 0 m .
Paraliparis csiroi Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001
Paraliparis csiroi Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001:378, Fig. 31 [ref. 25901] (60 km south of
the Victoria–South Australia border, 38°37.58'S, 141°01.12'E, 1,080–1,110 m). Holotype
(unique): NMV A5874.
DISTRIBUTION: Southeastern Indian Ocean: Great Australian Bight off eastern South Australia.
Known only from the holotype.
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Paraliparis dactyloides Schmidt 1950
Paraliparis dactyloides Schmidt 1950:219 [211 of English transl.], Pl. 18 (fig. 2); Fig. 22 [ref.
12471] (northeast of Cape Elizaveta, n. Okhotsk Sea, 54°55'N, 143°50'E, 525 m). Lectotype:
ZIN 24481.
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: Okhotsk Sea. Known only from the types.
REMARKS: The lectotype was designated by Chernova (1998:770 [ref. 24687]).
Paraliparis dactylosus Gilbert 1896
Paraliparis dactylosus Gilbert 1896:469, Pl. 34 (middle) [ref. 1628] (off Santa Cruz, California,
U.S.A., Albatross sta. 3112, 37°08'00"N, 122°47'00"W, 296 fm). Lectotype: USNM 48616.
DISTRIBUTION: North Pacific: off Commander and Kuril Islands, eastern Bering Sea off Pribilof
Islands, Pacific south of Unimak Pass and off Oregon and California; 541–1,000 m.
REMARKS: The lectotype was established by Burke (1930:164 [ref. 702]).
Paraliparis darwini Stein & Chernova 2002
Paraliparis darwini Stein & Chernova 2002:153, Fig. 1 [ref. 26234] (Isla Wolf, Galápagos Is.,
Ecuador, e. Pacific, 637 m). Holotype (unique): CAS 86576.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern Pacific, equatorial: Galápagos Islands. Known only from the holotype.
Paraliparis deani Burke 1912
Paraliparis deani Burke 1912:571 [ref. 701] (Stephens Passage, se. Alaska, U.S.A., Albatross sta.
4253, 131–188 fm). Holotype: USNM 60570.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern North Pacific: Shelikof Strait, western Gulf of Alaska to southern
British Columbia; northern California; 18–1,008 m.
Paraliparis debueni Andriashev 1986
Paraliparis debueni Andriashev 1986:57, Figs. 21–22 [ref. 12760] (coast of Chile, near Chiloe Is.,
42°24'S, 74°45'W, 440–470 m). Holotype (unique): ZIN 46809.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern South Pacific: off Chile. Known only from the holotype.
Paraliparis delphis Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001
Paraliparis delphis Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001:379, Fig. 32 [ref. 25901] (west of
Granville Harbour, w. coast of Tasmania, Australia, 41°45.8'S, 144°24.8'E, 1,000–992 m).
Holotype (unique): CSIRO H749-03.
DISTRIBUTION: Southeastern Indian Ocean: Great Australian Bight off Tasmania. Known only
from the holotype.
Paraliparis devriesi Andriashev 1980
Paraliparis devriesi Andriashev 1980:150, Fig. [ref. 8758] (near McMurdo Observatory, Ross
Sea, Antarctica, 700 m). Holotype: ZIN 43577.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Ocean: Ross Sea, Antarctica near McMurdo; 500–700 m.
REMARKS: Paraliparis de Vriesi [correctly devriesi] in DeVries and Lin (1977:439 [ref. 26864])
is a nomen nudum; validated as above by Andriashev (1980).
Paraliparis dewitti Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001
Paraliparis dewitti Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001:381, Fig. 33 [ref. 25901] (Great
Australian Bight, South Australia, 34°26.5'S, 132°04'E, 1,175–1,118 m). Holotype (unique):
CSIRO T889-02.
DISTRIBUTION: Southeastern Indian Ocean: Great Australian Bight off South Australia. Known
only from the holotype.
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Paraliparis diploprora Andriashev 1986
Par alip a ris d ip lo pr or a An dr ias hev 1 98 6:65 , F ig s . 25 –2 6 [ ref . 12 76 0 ] (S cotia S ea off S ou th Geor g ia
I ., Walth er H er wig sta. 9 7 -I I/7 6, 5 4°1 2'S, 40 ° 0 2 ' W , 0 – 2 , 6 0 0 m ) . H o l o t y p e ( u n i q u e ) : I S H 4 0 7 / 7 6 .
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Ocean: Scotia Sea. Known only from the holotype.
Paraliparis dipterus Kido 1988
Paraliparis dipterus Kido 1988:242, Fig. 63 [ref. 12287] (off Ida, Suruga Bay, Pacific side of
Honshu, Japan, 250 m). Holotype (unique): HUMZ 106666.
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: off central Honshu. Known only from the holotype.
Paraliparis duhameli Andriashev 1994
Paraliparis duhameli Andriashev 1994:294 [3 of English transl.], Figs. 2–3 [ref. 21902] (off the
subantarctic islands of the Indian Ocean, 45°50'S, 51°17'E, 995–1,055 m). Holotype (unique):
MNHN 1988-0070.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Ocean: Crozet Islands. Known only from the holotype.
Paraliparis eastmani Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001
Paraliparis eastmani Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001:382, Fig. 34 [ref. 25901] (east of
Broken Bay, New South Wales, Australia, 33°29.5'S, 152°12.5'E, 1,035–1,070 m). Holotype
(unique): AMS I.28900-003.
DISTRIBUTION: Western South Pacific: Tasman Sea off New South Wales, Australia. Known
only from the holotype.
Paraliparis edwardsi (Vaillant 1888)
Gymnolycodes edwardsi Vaillant 1888:313 (387), Pl. 26 (fig. 3) [ref. 4496] (off Morocco,
1,319 m).
Holotype (unique): MNHN 1886-0522 (poor condition).
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern North Atlantic: off Morocco Known only from the holotype.
Paraliparis eltanini Stein & Tompkins 1989.
Paraliparis eltanini Stein & Tompkins 1989:3, Figs. 3–4 [ref. 12858] (Strait of Magellan,
53°46.5'S, 70°53'W, 485 m). Holotype: LACM 10450-3.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern South Pacific: southern Chile at Strait of Magellan. Known only from
the types.
Paraliparis entochloris Gilbert & Burke 1912
Paraliparis entochloris Gilbert & Burke 1912:378, Pl. 48 (fig. 3) [ref. 1633] (s. Okhotsk Sea,
Albatross sta. 5018, 46°41'30"N, 143°57'40"E, 100 fm). Holotype: USNM 73347.
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: Okhotsk Sea, northern Kuril Islands; 182–200 m.
Paraliparis fimbriatus Garman 1892
Paraliparis fimbriatus Garman 1892:9 [ref. 1537] (southwest of Panama, Albatross sta. 3381,
4°56'N, 80°52'W, 1,772 fm). Holotype (unique): MCZ 28702.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern North Pacific: off Panama; 3,243 m. Known only from the holotype.
Paraliparis fuscolingua Stein & Tompkins 1989
Paraliparis fuscolingua Stein & Tompkins 1989:5, Figs. 7–8 [ref. 12858] (Cape Adare, Ross Sea,
Antarctica, 70°55'S, 172°59.5'E, 2,273 m). Holotype: LACM 11351-4.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Ocean: Ross Sea, Antarctica. Known only from the types.
Paraliparis galapagosensis Stein & Chernova 2002
Paraliparis galapagosensis Stein & Chernova 2002:155, Fig. 2 [ref. 26234] (Cabo Rosa, south of
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Isla Isabela, Galápagos Is., e. Pacific, 710 m). Holotype (unique): CAS 86737.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern Pacific, equatorial: Galápagos Islands. Known only from the holotype.
Paraliparis garmani Burke 1912
Paraliparis garmani Burke 1912:572 [ref. 701] (off New England, U.S.A., Albatross sta. 2586,
39°02'40"N, 72°40'00"W, 328 fm). Holotype: USNM 64129.
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Atlantic: Davis Strait to Cape Hatteras; 424–1,000 m.
Paraliparis gomoni Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001
Paraliparis gomoni Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001:383, Fig. 35 [ref. 25901] (100 km
northeast of Flinders I., Tasmania, Australia, 39°00.92'S, 148°43.71'E, 1,140–1,160 m).
Holotype (unique): NMV A7124.
DISTRIBUTION: Western South Pacific: Tasman Sea northeast of Tasmania. Known only from
the holotype.
Paraliparis gracilis Norman 1930
Paraliparis gracilis Norman 1930:352, Fig. 42 [ref. 3219] (near South Georgia I., sw. Atlantic,
53°48'00"S, 35°37'30"W, 728 m). Holotype (unique): BMNH 1930.1.12.1077.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Ocean: off South Georgia Island, South Orkney, South Sandwich, and
Crozet Islands; 120–1,055 m.
Paraliparis grandis Schmidt 1950
Paraliparis grandis Schmidt 1950:218 [210 of English transl.], Pl. 20 (fig. 2); Fig. 21 [ref. 12471]
(n. Okhotsk Sea, 55°13'N, 146°34'E, 525 m). Holotype (unique): ZIN 24486.
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: Okhotsk Sea, Kuril Islands, southeastern Kamchatka,
western Bering Sea; 105–1,995 m.
Paraliparis hobarti Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001
Paraliparis hobarti Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001:384, Fig. 36 [ref. 25901] (continental
slope of Tasmania, Australia). Holotype (unique): CSIRO H3170-01.
DISTRIBUTION: Southeastern Indian Ocean–western South Pacific: off Tasmania, exact locality
and depth unknown. Known only from the holotype.
Paraliparis holomelas Gilbert 1896
Paraliparis holomelas Gilbert 1896:441 [ref. 1628] (north of Unalaska I., Albatross sta. 3332,
54°02'50"N, 166°45'00"W, 406 fm). Lectotype: USNM 48637.
DISTRIBUTION: North Pacific: Okhotsk Sea, off northern Kuril Islands and southeastern
Kamchatka, southern Bering Sea, Gulf of Alaska; (128) 617–3,350 m.
REMARKS: The lectotype was established by Jordan & Evermann (1898:2141 [ref. 2444]).
Paraliparis hubbsi Andriashev 1986
Paraliparis hubbsi Andriashev 1986:79, Figs. 33–34 [ref. 12760] (sw. Atlantic off Patagonia,
45°53'S, 58°46'W, 1,500 m). Holotype: ZIN 46776.
DISTRIBUTION: Western South Atlantic: east of Argentina; 1,200–1,600 m.
Paraliparis hureaui Matallanas 1999
Paraliparis hureaui Matallanas 1999:1020, Fig. 2 [ref. 24927] (Weddell Sea, 71°53'S, 12°43'W,
504–529 m). Holotype (unique): ZUAB 015-1997.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Ocean: Weddell Sea, Antarctica. Known only from the types.
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Paraliparis hystrix Merrett 1983
Paraliparis hystrix Merrett 1983:430, Fig. 1 [ref. 8305] (ne. Atlantic, 49°30.7'N, 11°36.0'W).
Holotype: BMNH 1982.2.1.1.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern North Atlantic: southwest of Ireland; 265–1,050 m.
Paraliparis impariporus Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001
Paraliparis impariporus Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001:386, Fig. 37 [ref. 25901] (west of
Trial Harbour, w. coast of Tasmania, Australia, 41°51.97'S, 144°27.16'E, 1,040–1,050 m).
Holotype (unique): CSIRO H3168-01.
DISTRIBUTION: Southeastern Indian Ocean: Great Australian Bight off Tasmania. Known only
from the holotype.
Paraliparis incognita Stein & Tompkins 1989
Paraliparis incognita Stein & Tompkins 1989:6 [ref. 12858] (Davis Sea, off Shackleton Ice Shelf,
64°06'S, 98°27'E, Southern Ocean, 460–560 m). Holotype: ZIN 45935.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Ocean: East Antarctica; 360–560 m.
Paraliparis infeliciter Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001
Paraliparis infeliciter Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001:387, Fig. 38 [ref. 25901] (west of Cape
Banks, South Australia, 37°37.9'S, 139°00.60'E, 1,070–1,090 m). Holotype (unique): CSIRO
H3169-01.
DISTRIBUTION: Southeastern Indian Ocean: Great Australian Bight off South Australia. Known
only from the holotype.
Paraliparis kreffti Andriashev 1986
Paraliparis kreffti Andriashev 1986:83, Figs. 35–36 [ref. 12760] (Scotia Sea, between South
Georgia I.
and Shag Rocks, Walther Herwig sta. 97-II/76, 54°12'S, 40°02'W, about 2,600 m).
Holotype: ISH 405/76.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Ocean: Weddell Sea, Antarctica and Scotia Sea; 850–2,600 m.
Paraliparis labiatus Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001
Paraliparis labiatus Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001:388, Fig. 39 [ref. 25901] (west of
Granville Harbour, w. coast of Tasmania, Australia, 44°45.8'S, 144°24.8'E, 1,000–992 m).
Holotype (unique): CSIRO H749-02.
DISTRIBUTION: Southeastern Indian Ocean: Great Australian Bight off Tasmania. Known only
from the holotype.
Paraliparis lasti Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001
Paraliparis lasti Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001:389, Fig. 40 [ref. 25901] (Great Australian
Bight, South Australia, 33°45.5'S, 129°37.5'E, 1,152–1,000 m). Holotype (unique): CSIRO
T982-02.
DISTRIBUTION: Southeastern Indian Ocean: Great Australian Bight. Known only from the
holotype.
Paraliparis latifrons Garman 1899
Paraliparis latifrons Garman 1899:120, Pls. 27 (fig. 2), 28 (figs. 2–2f) [ref. 1540] (off Panama
Bay (Pacific), Albatross sta. 3382, 6°21'N, 80°41'W, 1,793 fm). Syntypes: MCZ 28698 (7).
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern North Pacific: Oregon to Panama; 2,030–3,281 m.
Paraliparis leobergi Andriashev 1982
Paraliparis leobergi Andriashev 1982:534 [4 of English transl.], Figs. 2, 5(2) [ref. 8514] (Co-
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operation Sea, Antarctica, 66°48'[not 64°48']S, 63°50'E, 165–180 m). Holotype: ZIN 45936.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Ocean: East Antarctica; 165–515 (970) m.
Paraliparis leucogaster Andriashev 1986
Paraliparis leucogaster Andriashev 1986:91, Figs. 39–40 [ref. 12760] (Bransfield Strait, Antarctic
Peninsula, 63°56'S, 61°47'W, 210–260 m). Holotype (unique): ISH 914/76.
DI STRI BU TIO N: So uth ern O cean: So uth Sh etlan d I sland s, Br ans field Strait, An tar ctica; 2 10 –50 0 m .
Paraliparis leucoglossus Andriashev 1986
Paraliparis leucoglossus Andriashev 1986:95, Figs. 41–42 [ref. 12760] (se. Lazarev Sea, Princess
Astrid Coast, 69°23'S, 11°04'E, 900–960 m). Holotype (unique): ZIN 47176.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Ocean: Lazarev Sea, Antarctica. Known only from the holotype.
Paraliparis liparinus (Goode 1881)
Amitra liparina Goode 1881:477, 478 [ref. 1833] (off Rhode Island, U.S.A., Fish Hawk sta. 891,
487 fm). Syntypes: USNM 26184 (2, discarded).
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Atlantic: southeast of Long Island, New York; 600–891 m.
Known only from the types.
REMARKS: The specific name has been changed to match the masculine gender of the genus
Paraliparis. Andriashev (1993 [ref. 21898]) suggested that the illustration of the holotype in
Goode and Bean (1896: fig. 252) be accepted as the holotype.
Paraliparis macrocephalus Chernova & Eastman 2001
Paraliparis macrocephalus Chernova & Eastman 2001:93, Figs. 1–4a [ref. 25672] (Drygalski
Trough, Ross Sea, Antarctic Ocean, 75°03'60.0"–75°04'49.9"S, 165°12'30.0"–165°10'16.0"E,
1,181–1,191 m). Holotype (unique): USNM 361866.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Ocean: Ross Sea, Antarctica. Known only from the holotype.
Paraliparis mandibularis Kido 1985
Paraliparis mandibularis Kido 1985:362, Figs. 2–3 [ref. 6723] (Tosa Bay, Japan, 32°58'N,
133°32'E, 605 m). Holotype (unique): BSKU 30513.
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: off Shikoku, southern Japan. Known only from the
holotype.
Paraliparis mawsoni Andriashev 1986
Paraliparis mawsoni Andriashev 1986:99, Figs. 43–44 [ref. 12760] (se. Lazarev Sea, Princess
A strid Coast, 6 9°17 'S, 1 0 °5 1'E, 98 0– 1 ,0 80 m ) . Ho lotyp e ( un iq u e) : ZI N 4 68 2 1 (p oo r con d itio n) .
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Ocean: Lazarev Sea and South Shetland Islands, Antarctica; 735–
1,080 m.
Paraliparis megalopus Stein 1978
Paraliparis megalopus Stein 1978:50, Fig. 13e [ref. 4203] (off Oregon, U.S.A., Yaquina cruise
Y7206B, sta. CP-1-WW, haul BMT 291, 44°04.0'N, 125°23.8'W, 2,940 m). Holotype: USNM
214616.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern North Pacific: Cascadia and Tufts abyssal plains off Oregon; 2,830–
3,585 m.
Paraliparis meganchus Andriashev 1982
Paraliparis meganchus Andriashev 1982:179 [1 of English transl.], Figs. 1, 3(1) [ref. 8515] (near
South Shetland Is., Antarctica, 61°39'S, 55°39'W, 850–750 m). Holotype: ZIN 45707.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Ocean: South Orkney Islands, Weddell Sea, and South Shetland
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Islands–Bransfield Strait, Antarctica; 220–850 (1,145) m.
Paraliparis melanobranchus Gilbert & Burke 1912
Paraliparis melanobranchus Gilbert & Burke 1912:378, Pl. 48 (fig. 2) [ref. 1633] (s. Okhotsk Sea,
Albatross sta. 5029, 48°22'30"N, 145°43'30"E, 440 fm). Holotype (unique): USNM 73346.
DISTRIBUTION: North Pacific: Okhotsk Sea off Cape Terpeniya, British Columbia, and possibly
Oregon; 805–1,554 m.
Paraliparis membranaceus Günther 1887
Paraliparis membranaceus Günther 1887:69, Pl. 12 (fig. D) [ref. 2013] (off Cabo St. Vincent,
Sarmiento Channel, Queen Adelaide Archipelago, Chile; Challenger sta. 310, 51°27'30"S,
74°03'W, 400 fm). Holotype (unique): BMNH 1887.12.7.20.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern South Pacific: off southern Chile; depth about 732 m. Known only from
the holotype.
Paraliparis mento Gilbert 1892
Paraliparis mento Gilbert 1892:562 [ref. 1626] (off Oregon, U.S.A., Albatross sta. 3071, 47°29'N,
125°33'30"W, 685 fm). Holotype (unique): USNM 44298.
D IS TRIBUTIO N : Eas tern N o rth P acif ic: Britis h Co lum bia to cen tr al Califo r nia; 80 0– 1,2 53 m .
Paraliparis meridionalis Kido 1985
Paraliparis meridionalis Kido 1985:364, Figs. 5–6 [ref. 6723] (Okinawa Trough, East China Sea,
29°46'N, 127°59'E, 610–713 m). Holotype: BSKU 28687.
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: Okinawa Trough. Known only from the types.
Paraliparis merodontus Stein, Meléndez C. & Kong U. 1991
Paraliparis merodontus Stein, Meléndez C. & Kong U. 1991:362, Figs. 8–9 [ref. 19979] (off
central Chile, 31°29'S, 71°44'W, 700 m). Holotype: MNHNC P.6657.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern South Pacific: off Chile; 700–910 m.
Paraliparis molinai Stein, Meléndez C. & Kong U. 1991
Paraliparis molinai Stein, Meléndez C. & Kong U. 1991:364, Figs. 10–11 [ref. 19979] (off Chile,
31°14'S, 71°46'W, 800 m). Holotype: MNHNC P.6660.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern South Pacific: off Valparaiso, Chile. Known only from the types.
Paraliparis monoporus Andriashev & Neyelov 1979
Paraliparis monoporus Andriashev & Neyelov 1979:14, Figs. 3, 5(3) [ref. 8756] (s. Scotia Sea
between South Shetland Is. and South Orkney Is., 61°10'S, 50°41'W, 850–860 m). Holotype
(unique): ZIN 44094.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Ocean: Lazarev Sea (East Antarctica) and Scotia Sea; 850–1,000 m.
Paraliparis murieli Matallanas 1984
Paraliparis murieli Matallanas 1984:563, Fig. 1 [ref. 17438] (Blanes, w. Mediterranean Sea,
500–600 m).
Holotype (unique): UAB 30947.
DISTRIBUTION: Mediterranean Sea. Known only from the holotype.
Paraliparis nassarum Stein & Fitch 1984
Paraliparis nassarum Stein & Fitch 1984:77, Figs. 1, 2b [ref. 8209] (San Clemente I., 10 miles
east-northeast of Pyramid Head, California, U.S.A.). Holotype: LACM 38272-3.
D IS TRIBUTIO N : Eas tern N o rth P acif ic: s ou thern Califo r nia to Baja Califo r nia; 90 0– 1,2 80 m .
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Paraliparis neelovi Andriashev 1982
Paraliparis neelovi Andriashev 1982:721, Figs. 1(3), 2(2) [ref. 8516] (sw. Indian Ocean, Banzare
Banks, south of Heard I., 56°50'S, 71°06'E, 1,420–1,390 m). Holotype: ZIN 45819.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Ocean: Banzare and Elan banks; 1,070–2,000 m. A pelagic juvenile
was collected near Kerguelen Island at a depth of 350 m over bottom of 1,111 m.
REMARKS: A pelagic juvenile most similar to P. neelovi but slightly different from it was
collected off the Kerguelen Islands at a depth of 250 m over bottom of 1,253 m (Chernova and
Duhamel 2003 [ref. 27237]).
Paraliparis obliquosus Chernova & Duhamel 2003
Paraliparis obliquosus Chernova & Duhamel 2003:138, Fig. 2 [ref. 27232] (off Crozet Is.,
45°27'S, 50°25'E, 550–1,345 m). Holotype: MNHN 2002-1089.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Ocean: off Crozet and Kerguelen islands; 350–1,345 m.
Paraliparis obtusirostris Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001
Paraliparis obtusirostris Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001:391, Fig. 41 [ref. 25901] (100 km
northeast of Flinders I., off Tasmania, Australia, 38°57.09'S, 148°41.95'E, 1,270–1,290 m).
Holotype (unique): NMV A7123.
DISTRIBUTION: Western South Pacific: Tasman Sea northeast of Tasmania. Known only from
the holotype.
Paraliparis operculosus Andriashev 1979
Paraliparis operculosus Andriashev 1979:32, Fig. 3 [ref. 120] (near Kerguelen Is., 49°48'S,
71°01'E, 640 m). Holotype: ZIN 44933.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Ocean: off Kerguelen and Heard islands and at Skif Seamount (south-
west of Kerguelen); 380–1,010 m.
Paraliparis orcadensis Matallanas & Pequeño 2000
Paraliparis orcadensis Matallanas & Pequeño 2000:298, Fig. 1 [ref. 24449] (South Orkney Is.,
60°54.20'S, 42°19.60'W, 1,253 m). Holotype (unique): MNHNC P.7126.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Ocean: off South Orkney Islands. Known only from the holotype.
Paraliparis paucidens Stein 1978
Paraliparis paucidens Stein 1978:43, Figs. 11d, 12 [ref. 4203] (off Oregon, U.S.A., Acona cruise
6 4 08 , s ta. W H 4 5 , h au l OTB 4 1 , 44 °2 1 .9 'N , 1 2 5 °1 4 .4 'W , 2 ,0 8 6 m) . Ho lo typ e: US N M 21 4 6 1 8.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern North Pacific: British Columbia (Dixon Entrance) and Oregon; 1,536–
2,275 m.
Paraliparis pectoralis Stein 1978
Paraliparis pectoralis Stein 1978:49, Fig. 13c [ref. 4203] (off Tillamook Head, Oregon, U.S.A.,
AEC sta. 26, 45°50'N, 125°06'W, 840 fm). Holotype: USNM 214606.
D I STRI BU TI O N: N o rth P acif ic: O k h ots k S ea off Ho k k aid o , eas ter n Ber in g S ea, Br itis h Co lu m bia,
and Oregon; 681–1,536 m.
Paraliparis piceus Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001
Paraliparis piceus Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001:392, Fig. 42 [ref. 25901] (west of Trial
H ar bo ur , w es t coast of Tasm an ia, A us tralia, 41 °5 1 .2 5'S, 14 4°2 3.1'E, 1,38 4 –1 ,4 16 m) . H olotyp e
(unique): CSIRO H805-04.
DISTRIBUTION: Southeastern Indian Ocean: Great Australian Bight off Tasmania. Known only
from the holotype.
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Paraliparis plagiostomus Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001
Paraliparis plagiostomus Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001:393, Fig. 43 [ref. 25901] (west of
Cape Sorell, west coast of Tasmania, Australia, 42°19.5'S, 144°42'E, 993–987 m). Holotype
(unique): CSIRO T488-02.
DISTRIBUTION: Southeastern Indian Ocean: Great Australian Bight off Tasmania. Known only
from the holotype.
Paraliparis retrodorsalis Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001
Paraliparis retrodorsalis Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001:394, Fig. 44 [ref. 25901] (west of
Cape Martin, South Australia, 37°34.53'S, 138°57.00'E, 1,205–1,175 m). Holotype (unique):
CSIRO H1935-01.
DISTRIBUTION: Southeastern Indian Ocean: Great Australian Bight off South Australia. Known
only from the holotype.
Paraliparis rosaceus Gilbert 1890
Paraliparis rosaceus Gilbert 1890:93 [ref. 1623] (off s. California, U.S.A., Albatross sta. 2919,
32°17'N, 119°17'W, 984 fm). Holotype (unique): USNM 48918.
Paraliparis grandiceps Garman 1899:117, Pl. 29 (figs. 4–4g) [ref. 1540] (off Baja California,
Albatross sta. 3434, 25°29'30"N, 109°48'W, 1,588 fm). Holotype (unique): MCZ 28701 (poor
condition).
DISTRIBUTION: North Pacific: Okhotsk Sea off Hokkaido, Kuril Islands, and British Columbia
to Baja California; 1,050–3,358 m.
Paraliparis rossi Chernova & Eastman 2001
Paraliparis rossi Chernova & Eastman 2001:98, Figs. 4b–6 [ref. 25672] (sw. Ross Sea,
Antarctica, 74°16'04.0"–74°17'43.9"S, 171°59'23.9"–171°56'52.3"E, 465–466 m). Holotype:
USNM 361867.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Ocean: Ross Sea, Antarctica. Known only from the types.
Paraliparis somovi Andriashev & Neyelov 1979
Paraliparis somovi Andriashev & Neyelov 1979:12, Figs. 2, 5(1) [ref. 8756] (sw. side of Elephant
I., South Shetland Is., 61°39'S, 55°39'W, 850–750 m). Holotype: ZIN 44100.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Ocean: off South Shetland Islands, Antarctica; 735–850 m.
Paraliparis stehmanni Andriashev 1986
Paraliparis stehmanni Andriashev 1986:131, Figs. 57–58 [ref. 12760] (n. Scotia Sea between
South Georgia and Shag Rocks, Walther Herwig sta. 97-II/76, 54°12'S, 40°02'W, about
2,600 m). Holotype: ISH 404/76.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Ocean: Bransfield Strait (between South Shetland Islands and
Antarctic Peninsula) and northern Scotia Sea; 2,119–2,600 m.
Paraliparis tasmaniensis Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001
Paraliparis tasmaniensis Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001:396, Fig. 45 [ref. 25901] (southwest
of King I., nw. Tasmania, Australia, 40°26.64'S, 143°18.36'E, 1,000–1,100 m). Holotype
(unique): CSIRO H2679-02.
DISTRIBUTION: Southeastern Indian Ocean: Great Australian Bight northwest of Tasmania.
Known only from the holotype.
Paraliparis tetrapteryx Andriashev & Neyelov 1979
Paraliparis tetrapteryx Andriashev & Neyelov 1979:16, Figs. 4, 5(4) [ref. 8756] (near South
Georgia I., sw. Atlantic, 53°34'S, 36°45'W, 830–658 m). Holotype: ZIN 44095.
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DISTRIBUTION: Southern Ocean: South Georgia Island; depth (330) 500–843 m. Common.
Paraliparis thalassobathyalis Andriashev 1982
Paraliparis thalassobathyalis Andriashev 1982:717, Figs. 1(1), 2(1) [ref. 8516] (sw. Indian
Ocean, Banzare Banks, south of Heard I., 56°53'S, 70°18'E, 1,300 m). Holotype: ZIN 45811.
Paraliparis thalassobathyalis meteorensis Andriashev 2003:358, Figs. 190–191 [ref. 26955]
( S ou th ern O cean , Meteor S eam o u n t,
4 8 °0 2 'S , 0 8 °25 'E, 1 ,0 20 – 1 ,00 0 m ). H o lo ty p e: ZI N 4 5 93 8 .
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Ocean: 620–1,600 m (see Remarks). Also collected pelagically at
45–350 m over bottom of 1,018–1,600 m (Chernova and Duhamel 2003 [ref. 27237]).
REMARKS: Three subspecies are recognized by Andriashev (2003
[ref. 26955]): Paraliparis t.
thalassobathyalis from Banzare and Elan banks at Kerguelen Plateau, Heard Island, and Crozet
Islands at 620–1,600 m; P. t. meteorensis, common at Meteor Seamount at 800–1,100 m; and an
unnamed subspecies found west of South Georgia Island, Shag Rocks, 53°56.5'N, 41°20'W, at
620–635 m. For description of the unnamed species see Andriashev (2003:361, Fig. 192–193).
Paraliparis tompkinsae Andriashev 1992
Paraliparis tompkinsae Andriashev 1992:150 [ref. 21311] (Southern Ocean, Eltanin sta. 1555,
60°06'S, 36°01.5'W, 1,976–2,068 m). Holotype (unique): LACM 11043-1.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Ocean: east of South Orkney Islands. Known only from the holotype.
Paraliparis trilobodon Andriashev & Neyelov 1979
Paraliparis trilobodon Andriashev & Neyelov 1979:10, Figs. 1, 5(2) [ref. 8756] (off South
Shetland Is., 61°46'S, 53°59'W, 315–335 m). Holotype: ZIN 44098.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Ocean: off South Shetland Islands. Known only from the types.
Paraliparis trunovi Andriashev 1986
Paraliparis trunovi Andriashev 1986:153, Figs. 68–69 [ref. 12760] (se. Atlantic at Meteor
Seamount, 48°03'S, 8°14'E, 960–970 m). Holotype: ZIN 46831.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Ocean: southwestern Africa and Walvis Ridge to Meteor Seamount;
960–1,080 m.
Paraliparis ulochir Gilbert 1896
Paraliparis ulochir Gilbert 1896:441 [ref. 1628] (Gulf of California, Mexico, Albatross sta. 3010,
27°23'45"N, 11°25'00"W, 1,005 fm). Syntypes: SU 2481 (2).
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern North Pacific: southeastern Bering Sea, Oregon, and Gulf of California;
720–1,900 m.
Paraliparis valentinae Andriashev & Neyelov 1984
Paraliparis valentinae Andriashev & Neyelov 1984:1, Fig. 1; Pl. 1 [ref. 11367] (Gunnerus Ridge,
East Antarctica, 68°02'S, 34°33'E, 940–1,100 m). Holotype: ZIN 46833.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Ocean: Cosmonaut Sea, East Antarctica; 940–1,100 m.
Paraliparis violaceus Chernova 1991
Paraliparis violaceus Chernova 1991:75, Figs. 38–40 [ref. 23263] (Nansen Basin, north of
Severnaya Zemlya, 82°41'N, 87°03'E, 2,365 m). Holotype (unique): ZIN 29466.
DISTRIBUTION: Arctic Ocean: Nansen Basin. Known only from the holotype.
Genus Polypera Burke 1912
Polypera Burke 1912:567 [ref. 701]. Type species Neoliparis greeni Jordan & Starks 1895. Type
by original designation (also monotypic).
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REMARKS: May be a junior synonym of Liparis Scopoli 1777.
Polypera greeni (Jordan & Starks 1895)
Neoliparis greeni Jordan & Starks 1895:829, Pl. 96 [ref. 2522] (Victoria Harbor, British
Columbia, Canada). Holotype (unique): SU 3019.
Cyclogaster (Neoliparis) beringianus Gilbert & Burke 1912:72, Fig. 17 [ref. 1634] (Nikolski,
Bering I.).
Holotype: USNM 74380.
DISTRIBUTION: North Pacific: Commander, Aleutian, and Pribilof islands, Bering Sea, to
Washington; intertidal.
Polypera simushirae (Gilbert & Burke 1912)
Cyclogaster (Neoliparis) simushirae Gilbert & Burke 1912:354, Pl. 41 (fig. 2) [ref. 1633] (Milne
Bay, Simushir I., Japan). Holotype: USNM 73327.
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: off Japan, Kuril Islands, and southeastern Kamchatka;
0–833 m.
Genus Praematoliparis Andriashev 2003
Praematoliparis Andriashev 2003:376 [ref. 26955]. Type species Paraliparis anarthractae Stein
& Tompkins 1989. Type by original designation (also monotypic).
Praematoliparis anarthractae (Stein & Tompkins 1989)
Par alip a ris a na rthr acta e Stein & Tom p kins 1 9 89 :1 , F ig s. 1– 2 [ ref. 1 2 85 8] (Mag ellan S trait, Eltan in
sta. 964, 53°28.5'S, 70°46'W [or 53°33'S, 70°45'W], ca. 55 m). Holotype: LACM 10727-5.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern South Pacific: Strait of Magellan, Tierra el Fuego and south of Cape
Horn;
pelagic, mainly at 0–55 m, rare to 485 m.
Genus Prognatholiparis Orr & Busby 2001
Prognatholiparis Orr & Busby 2001:51 [ref. 25205]. Type species Prognatholiparis ptycho-
mandibularis Orr & Busby 2001. Type by original designation (also monotypic).
Prognatholiparis ptychomandibularis Orr & Busby 2001
Prognatholiparis ptychomandibularis Orr & Busby 2001:52, Figs. 1, 3–6 [ref. 25205] (Seguam
Pass, Aleutian Is., 52.31836°N, 172.7453°W, 455 m). Holotype (unique): UW 042431.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern North Pacific: Aleutian Islands. Known only from the holotype.
Genus Psednos Barnard 1927
Psednos Barnard 1927:76 [ref. 193]. Type species Psednos micrurus Barnard 1927. Type by
monotypy.
Protopsednos Andriashev 2003:64 [ref. 26955]. Subgenus of Psednos. Type species Psednos
nataliae Stein & Andriashev 2001. Type by original designation.
REMARKS: This genus has been considered a synonym of Paraliparis. Many species are pelagic.
Psednos andriashevi Chernova 2001
Psednos andriashevi Chernova 2001:481, Fig. 7a [ref. 25345] (e. North Atlantic, west of Ireland,
54°21'N, 17°59'W, 800 m). Holotype (unique): ISH 574-1986.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern North Atlantic: west of Ireland. Known only from the holotype.
Psednos anoderkes Chernova & Stein 2002
Psednos anoderkes Chernova & Stein 2002:774, Fig. 12 [ref. 26224] (northeast of Isla Guadalupe,
Mexico, 29°12.6'N, 117°35.1'W, 0–2,036 m over 3,900 m). Holotype (unique): SIO 66-31(b)
(poor condition).
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D IS TRIBUTIO N : Eas tern N o rth P acif ic: o ff cen tr al Baja Calif or nia. K no wn on ly fr om th e ho lotyp e.
Psednos balushkini Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001
Psednos balushkini Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001:356, Fig. 17 [ref. 25901] (east of Shoal-
haven Heads, New South Wales, Australia, 34°48.5'S, 151°15.5'E, 914–960 m). Holotype:
AMS I.24860-002.
DISTRIBUTION: Western South Pacific: Tasman Sea off New South Wales; 914–978 m.
REMARKS: In the subgenus Protopsednos.
Psednos barnardi Chernova 2001
Psednos barnardi Chernova 2001:483, Figs. 4, 7b [ref. 25345] (w. North Atlantic, 39°49'N,
70°39'W, 1,042–1,368 m). Holotype: MCZ 155422.
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Atlantic: east of New Jersey near Alvin and Block canyons;
750–1,368 m. Known from two specimens.
Psednos cathetostomus Chernova & Stein 2002
Psednos cathetostomus Chernova & Stein 2002:768, Fig. 8 [ref. 26224] (San Clemente Basin,
Mexico, 82.6 km 236° True from Cabo Punta Banda light, 31°17'N, 117°13'W, ca. 1,857–
2,030 m). Holotype: LACM 9861-22.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern North Pacific: off California and northern Baja California. Known only
from the types.
Psednos christinae Andriashev 1992
Psednos christinae Andriashev 1992:10, Figs. 4, 5a, 6, 7 [ref. 21312] (North Atlantic, Walther
Herwig sta. 392/82, 49°48'N, 25°55'W, 1,000 m). Holotype: ISH 741-1982.
D I STRI BU TI O N: Easter n N o r th A tlan tic: Mid- A tlan tic Rid ge an d w es t o f I r elan d ; 1,0 0 0 –1 ,5 0 0 m .
Psednos delawarei Chernova & Stein 2002
Psednos delawarei Chernova & Stein 2002:773, Fig. 11 [ref. 26224] (w. North Atlantic, south of
Cape Cod, Massachusetts, 39°48'05"N, 70°43'28"W, 0–1,000 m). Holotype (unique): MCZ
158611.
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Atlantic: east of New Jersey. Known only from the holotype.
Psednos dentatus Chernova & Stein 2002
Psednos dentatus Chernova & Stein 2002:761, Fig. 2 [ref. 26224] (off Chile, 27°04.25'S,
71°42.3'W, 800 m over 7,060 m). Holotype (unique): SIO 72-154.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern South Pacific: off northern Chile. Known only from the holotype.
Psednos gelatinosus Chernova 2001
Psednos gelatinosus Chernova 2001:488, Figs. 3b, 9a [ref. 25345] (southeast of Greenland,
63°05'54"N, 39°39'54"W, 0–650 m, 1,330 m wire out). Holotype (unique): MCZ 64537.
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Atlantic: off Greenland. Known only from the holotype.
Psednos griseus Chernova & Stein 2002
Psednos griseus Chernova & Stein 2002:771, Fig. 10 [ref. 26224] (e. North Pacific, northwest of
Isla Guadalupe, Mexico, 31°07.9'N, 121°38.4'W, 0–4,000 m). Holotype (unique): SIO 60-287
(poor condition).
D IS TRIBUTIO N : Eas tern N o rth P acif ic: o ff cen tr al Baja Calif or nia. Kn ow n o nly f ro m th e h olo ty pe.
Psednos groenlandicus Chernova 2001
Psednos groenlandicus Chernova 2001:490, Figs. 5b, 6b, 8b, 9b [ref. 25345] (Davis Strait,
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western North Atlantic, 64°30'N, 56°17'W, 930 m). Holotype: ZMUC P 82660.
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Atlantic: Davis Strait off southwestern Greenland; 930–1,055 m.
Psednos harteli Chernova 2001
Psednos harteli Chernova 2001:493, Figs. 5a, 6a, 9c [ref. 25345] (w. North Atlantic, 40°45'00"N,
65°03'00"W, 0–1,008 m). Holotype (unique): MCZ 63035.
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Atlantic; south of Browns Bank and east of Georges Bank.
Known only from the holotype.
Psednos islandicus Chernova & Stein 2002
Psednos islandicus Chernova & Stein 2002:767, Fig. 7 [ref. 26224] (south of Iceland, 59°59.7'N,
19°42.2'W, 1,250–1,500 m). Holotype (unique): BMNH 2001.9.7.2 (poor condition).
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Atlantic: south of Iceland. Known only from the holotype.
Psednos melanocephalus Chernova & Stein 2002
Psednos melanocephalus Chernova & Stein 2002:762, Fig. 3 [ref. 26224] (w. North Atlantic,
south of Greenland, 58°15'N, 48°45'W, 0–3,172 m). Holotype: LACM 10011-13.
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Atlantic: south of Greenland. Known only from the types.
Psednos mexicanus Chernova & Stein 2002
Psednos mexicanus Chernova & Stein 2002:763, Fig. 4 [ref. 26224] (68.5 km 004° True from
North Point, Isla Guadalupe, Mexico, 29°40'N, 118°15'W, 0–1,000 m over 3,292–3,384 m).
Holotype: LACM 30028-20.
D IS TRIBUTIO N : Eas tern N o rth P acif ic: o ff cen tr al Baja Califo rn ia. K no w n on ly fr om th e localities
of the original description (the holotype and the nontype specimen).
Psednos microps Chernova 2001
Psednos microps Chernova 2001:494, Figs. 3c, 10A [ref. 25345] (sw. Indian Ocean, Crozet Basin,
35°02'S, 60°01'E, 275–2,275 m). Holotype (unique): USNM 200520.
DISTRIBUTION: Southwestern Indian Ocean: Crozet Basin. Known only from the holotype.
Psednos micruroides Chernova 2001
Psednos micruroides Chernova 2001:496, figs. 2, 3a, 5c, 10b [ref. 25345] (off se. Greenland,
63°50'18"N, 35°40'30"W, 0–900 m). Holotype (unique): MCZ 64538.
DI STRI BU TIO N: Eastern No rth Atlantic: off so uth eas tern Green lan d. Kn own on ly fr om th e h olo ty pe.
Psednos micrurus Barnard 1927
Psednos micrurus Barnard 1927:77 [ref. 193] (off Cape Point, South Africa, 660–700 fm).
Holotype: BMNH 1930.1.14.7 [ex SAM] (poor condition).
DISTRIBUTION: Southwestern Indian Ocean: off Cape Point, Cape of Good Hope, South Africa
and Madagascar Ridge; 1,207–1,280 m.
Psednos mirabilis Chernova 2001
Psednos mirabilis Chernova 2001:499, Figs. 12a, 13a [ref. 25345] (slope off New England
39°47'N, 70°39'W, 0–700 m over 1,370–1,700 m). Holotype (unique): MCZ 155423.
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Atlantic: east of New Jersey near Alvin Canyon. Known only
from the holotype
Psednos nataliae Stein & Andriashev 2001
Psednos nataliae Stein & Andriashev in Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001:357, Fig. 18 [ref.
25901] (southwest of Cape Sorell, Tasmania, 42°16'S, 144°39'E, 1,100–1,120 m). Holotype
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(unique): CSIRO H2636-04.
DISTRIBUTION: Southeastern Indian Ocean: Great Australian Bight off Tasmania. Known only
from the holotype.
REMARKS: In the subgenus Protopsednos.
Psednos pallidus Chernova & Stein 2002
Psednos pallidus Chernova & Stein 2002:770, Fig. 9 [ref. 26224] (w. coast of Baja California,
northeast of Isla Guadalupe, 29°12.6'N, 117°35.1'W, 0–2,000 m over 3,900 m). Holotype
(unique): SIO 66-31.
D IS TRIBUTIO N : Eas tern N o rth P acif ic: o ff cen tr al Baja Calif or nia. Kn ow n o nly f ro m the h o lo ty pe.
Psednos sargassicus Chernova 2001
Psednos sargassicus Chernova 2001:501, Figs. 12b, 13b [ref. 25345] (northern Sargasso Sea,
North Atlantic, 35°30'N, 67°14'30"W, 0–1,050 m). Holotype (unique): MCZ 89997.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern North Atlantic: Sargasso Sea. Known only from the holotype.
Psednos spirohira Chernova & Stein 2002
Psednos spirohira Chernova & Stein 2002:765, Figs. 5–6 [ref. 26224] (about 570 km west of n.
S pain , 4 1°56 .2'N, 1 6 °5 0.1 'W , 98 5 –1 ,0 1 0 m) . H oloty pe ( un iqu e) : BMN H 2 00 1.9 .7 .1 ( d am ag ed) .
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern North Atlantic: off Spain. Known only from the holotype.
Psednos steini Chernova 2001
Psednos steini Chernova 2001:502, Fig. 13 [ref. 25345] (sw. Indian Ocean, 31°35'S, 65°08'E,
0–350 m over bottom depth of 1,428 m). Holotype (unique): USNM 200488 (disintegrated).
DISTRIBUTION: Southwestern Indian Ocean: northern part of Crozet Basin. Known only from
the holotype.
Psednos whitleyi Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001
Psednos whitleyi Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001:359, Fig. 19 [ref. 25901] (northwest of
Kenneth Bay, Tasmania, 41°18.4'S, 144°05'E, 900–920 m). Holotype (unique): CSIRO
H1335-02.
DISTRIBUTION: Southeastern Indian Ocean: Great Australian Bight off Tasmania. Known only
from the holotype.
REMARKS: In the subgenus Protopsednos.
Genus Pseudoliparis Andriashev 1955
Pseudoliparis Andriashev 1955:341 [ref. 121]. Subgenus of Careproctus. Type species
Careproctus (Pseudoliparis) amblystomopsis Andriashev 1955. Type by original designation
(also monotypic).
Pseudoliparis amblystomopsis (Andriashev 1955)
Careproctus (Pseudoliparis) amblystomopsis Andriashev 1955:341, Fig. 1 [ref. 121]
(Kuril–Kamchatka Trench, near Paramushir I., 49°29'N, 158°41'E, 7,210–7,230 m). Holotype
(unique): ZIN 33777.
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: Kuril–Kamchatka and Japan trenches; 6,156–7,587 m.
Pseudoliparis belyaevi Andriashev & Pitruk 1993
Pseudoliparis belyaevi Andriashev & Pitruk 1993:328 [37 of English transl.], Figs. 2b, 3b, 4–5
[ref. 21310] (Japan Trench, Vityaz sta. 3571, 38°57'N, 143°57'W, 7,565–7,587 m). Holotype:
ZIN 36978.
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: Japan Trench; 6,380–7,587 m.
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REMARKS: This is the deepest known living fish.
Genus Pseudonotoliparis Pitruk 1991
Pseudonotoliparis Pitruk 1991:717 [ref. 19148]. Type species Pseudonotoliparis rassi Pitruk
1991. Type by original designation (also monotypic).
Pseudonotoliparis rassi Pitruk 1991
Pseudonotoliparis rassi Pitruk 1991:718 [52 of English transl.], Figs. 1–2 [ref. 19148] (Boussole
Strait, south of Simushir I., Kuril Is., 2,200 m). Holotype: ZIN 49696.
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: Kuril Islands. Known only from the types.
Genus Rhinoliparis Gilbert 1896
Rhinoliparis Gilbert 1896:445 [ref. 1628]. Type species Rhinoliparis barbulifer Gilbert 1896.
Type by original designation (also monotypic).
Rhinoliparis attenuatus Burke 1912
Rhinoliparis attenuatus Burke 1912:573 [ref. 701] (Bering Sea near Unalaska I., Alaska, Albatross
sta. 3326, 53°40'25"N, 167°41'40"W, 576 fm). Holotype (unique): MCZ 28377.
DISTRIBUTION: North Pacific: southeastern Okhotsk Sea, Kuril Islands and southeastern
Kamchatka, western and eastern Bering Sea, southern British Columbia to central California;
350–2,189 m.
Rhinoliparis barbulifer Gilbert 1896
Rhinoliparis barbulifer Gilbert 1896:445 [ref. 1628] (Bering Sea north of Unalaska I., Alaska,
Albatross sta. 3325, 53°37'10"N, 167°50'10"W, 284 fm). Lectotype: USNM 48576.
DISTRIBUTION: North Pacific: Okhotsk Sea, Pacific Ocean off northern Honshu and Hokkaido
to Kuril Islands and southeastern Kamchatka, Commander Islands, eastern Aleutian Islands, and
southern California; depth (28) 252–2,189 m.
REMARKS: The lectotype was established by Burke (1930:185 [ref. 702]).
Genus Rhodichthys Collett 1879
Rhodichthys Collett 1879:99 [ref. 885]. Type species Rhodichthys regina Collett 1879. Type by
monotypy.
REMARKS: Rhodichthys has been considered a synonym of Paraliparis by some authors.
Rhodichthys regina Collett 1879
Rhodichthys regina Collett 1879:99 [ref. 885] (midocean about equidistant from Spitsbergen, Jan
Mayen, and Finnmark, 1,280 fm). Holotype (unique): ZMUO J5128.
DISTRIBUTION: Arctic Ocean: central Arctic Basin, Norwegian and Greenland seas, Baffin Bay;
1,080–2,365 m.
REMARKS: Also appeared as new in Collett (1880:154, Pl. 5 (figs. 37–39) [ref. 887]).
Genus Squaloliparis Pitruk & Fedorov 1993
Squaloliparis Pitruk & Fedorov 1993:602 [ref. 21899]. Type species Careproctus dentatus Kido
1988. Type by original designation (also monotypic).
Squaloliparis dentatus (Kido 1988)
Careproctus dentatus Kido 1988:194, Fig. 34 [ref. 12287] (off Okhotsk coast of Hokkaido, Japan,
45°18'N, 142°52'E, 120–122 m). Holotype: HUMZ 77723.
DISTRIBUTION: Western North Pacific: Okhotsk Sea to southeastern Kamchatka; 120–900 m.
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Genus Temnocora Burke 1930
Temnocora Burke 1930:146 [ref. 702]. Type species Careproctus candidus Gilbert & Burke 1912.
Type by original designation (also monotypic).
REMARKS: Temnocora may be a junior synonym of Careproctus. An undescribed species is
known to exist.
Temnocora candida (Gilbert & Burke 1912)
Careproctus candidus Gilbert & Burke 1912:77, Fig. 22 [ref. 1634] (off East Cape, Attu I., Bering
Sea, 135 fm). Holotype: USNM 74384.
D I STRI BU TI O N: N o rth Pacif ic: n or th ern K u ril Is lan d s , s o u theas ter n Kam ch atk a, A leu tian I s land s ,
Gulf of Alaska; 64–400 m.
Summary Lists
Genus-Group Names of Family Liparidae
Acantholiparis Gilbert & Burke 1912 = Acantholiparis Gilbert & Burke 1912
Actinochir Gill 1864 = Liparis Scopoli 1777
Allinectes Jordan & Evermann 1898 = Careproctus Krøyer 1862
Allocareproctus Pitruk & Fedorov 1993 = Allocareproctus Pitruk & Fedorov 1993
Allochir Jordan & Evermann 1896 = Careproctus Krøyer 1862
Allurus Jordan & Evermann 1896 = Careproctus Krøyer 1862
Amitra Goode 1881 = Paraliparis Collett 1879
Amitrichthys Jordan & Evermann 1896 = Paraliparis Collett 1879
Bathyphasma Gilbert 1896 = Careproctus Krøyer 1862
Careliparis Garman 1892 = Liparis Scopoli 1777
Caremitra Jordan & Evermann 1896 = Careproctus Krøyer 1862
Careproctula Andriashev 2003 = Careproctus Krøyer 1862
Careproctus Krøyer 1862 = Careproctus Krøyer 1862
Crystallias Jordan & Snyder 1902 = Crystallias Jordan & Snyder 1902
Crystallichthys Jordan & Gilbert 1898 = Crystallichthys Jordan & Gilbert 1898
Edentoliparis Andriashev 1990 = Edentoliparis Andriashev 1990
Eknomoliparis Stein, Meléndez C. & Kong U. 1991 = Eknomoliparis Stein, Meléndez C. & Kong U. 1991
Elassodiscus Gilbert & Burke 1912 = Elassodiscus Gilbert & Burke 1912
Enantioliparis Vaillant 1888 = Careproctus Krøyer 1862
Eutelichthys Tortonese 1959 = Eutelichthys Tortonese 1959
Genioliparis Andriashev & Neyelov 1976 = Genioliparis Andriashev & Neyelov 1976
Gymnolycodes Vaillant 1888 = Paraliparis Collett 1879
Gyrinichthys Gilbert 1896 = Gyrinichthys Gilbert 1896
Hilgendorfia Goode & Bean 1896 = Paraliparis Collett 1879
Liparis Artedi 1793 = Liparis Scopoli 1777
Liparis Scopoli 1777 = Liparis Scopoli 1777
Lipariscus Gilbert 1915 = Lipariscus Gilbert 1915
Lycocara Gill 1884 = Liparis Scopoli 1777
Lyoliparis Jordan & Evermann 1896 = Liparis Scopoli 1777
Massaria Gistel 1848 = Liparis Scopoli 1777
Merophorus Garman 1899 = Paraliparis Collett 1879
Monomitra Goode 1883 = Paraliparis Collett 1879
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Nectoliparis Gilbert & Burke 1912 = Nectoliparis Gilbert & Burke 1912
Neoliparis Steindachner 1876 = Liparis Scopoli 1777
Notoliparis Andriashev 1975 = Notoliparis Andriashev 1975
Odontoliparis Stein 1978 = Odontoliparis Stein 1978
Osteodiscus Stein 1978 = Osteodiscus Stein 1978
Palmoliparis Balushkin 1996 = Palmoliparis Balushkin 1996
Paraliparis Collett 1879 = Paraliparis Collett 1879
Polypera Burke 1912 = Polypera Burke 1912
Praematoliparis Andriashev 2003 = Praematoliparis Andriashev 2003
Prognatholiparis Orr & Busby 2001 = Prognatholiparis Orr & Busby 2001
Prognurus Jordan & Gilbert 1898 = Careproctus Krøyer 1862
Protopsednos Andriashev 2003 = Psednos Barnard 1927
Psednos Barnard 1927 = Psednos Barnard 1927
Pseudoliparis Andriashev 1955 = Pseudoliparis Andriashev 1955
Pseudonotoliparis Pitruk 1991 = Pseudonotoliparis Pitruk 1991
Rhinoliparis Gilbert 1896 = Rhinoliparis Gilbert 1896
Rhodichthys Collett 1879 = Rhodichthys Collett 1879
Squaloliparis Pitruk & Fedorov 1993 = Squaloliparis Pitruk & Fedorov 1993
Temnocora Burke 1930 = Temnocora Burke 1930
Trismegistus Jordan & Snyder 1904 = Liparis Scopoli 1777
Uronectes Günther 1862 = Liparis Scopoli 1777
Incertae Sedis Genus-Group Names
None
Unavailable Genus-Group Names
Cyclogaster Gronow 1763:55 [ref. 1910]. Suppressed. Gronow 1763 is a rejected work on the Official
Index (Opinion 261). In the synonymy of Liparis Scopoli 1777.
Species-Group Names of Family Liparidae
abbreviatus, Careproctus Burke 1930 = Careproctus abbreviatus Burke 1930
abyssorum, Paraliparis Andriashev & Chernova 1997 = Paraliparis abyssorum Andriashev & Chernova
1997
acaecus, Careproctus Andriashev 1991 = Careproctus acaecus Andriashev 1991
acanthodes, Careproctus Gilbert & Burke 1912 = Careproctus acanthodes Gilbert & Burke 1912
aciculipunctatus, Careproctus Andriashev & Chernova 1997 = Careproctus aciculipunctatus
Andriashev
& Chernova 1997
acifer, Careproctus Andriashev & Stein 1998 = Careproctus acifer Andriashev & Stein 1998
aculeolatus, Careproctus Andriashev 1991 = Careproctus aculeolatus Andriashev 1991
agassizii, Liparis Putnam 1874 = Liparis agassizii Putnam 1874
albeolus, Paraliparis Schmidt 1950 = Paraliparis albeolus Schmidt 1950
albescens, Careproctus Barnard 1927 = Careproctus albescens Barnard 1927
albescens, Paraliparis Gilbert 1915 = Paraliparis albescens Gilbert 1915
alboventer, Careproctus Krasyukova 1984 = Liparis alboventer (Krasyukova 1984)
amblystomopsis, Careproctus (Pseudoliparis) Andriashev 1955 = Pseudoliparis amblystomopsis
(Andriashev 1955)
ampliceps, Careproctus Andriashev & Stein 1998 = Careproctus ampliceps Andriashev & Stein 1998
a na rthr a ctae, Par alipa ris Stein & Tom p kins 1 9 89 = Pra em ato lipa r is a na r th ra cta e (S tein & To m pk in s 1 98 9)
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53
andriashevi, Osteodiscus Pitruk & Fedorov 1990 = Osteodiscus andriashevi Pitruk & Fedorov 1990
andriashevi, Paraliparis Stein & Tompkins 1989 = Paraliparis andriashevi Stein & Tompkins 1989
andriashevi, Psednos Chernova 2001 = Psednos andriashevi Chernova 2001
angustifrons, Paraliparis Garman 1899 = Paraliparis angustifrons Garman 1899
annulatus, Liparis montagui Collett 1879 = Liparis montagui (Donovan 1804)
anoderkes, Psednos Chernova & Stein 2002 = Psednos anoderkes Chernova & Stein 2002
antarctica, Liparis Putnam 1874 = Liparis antarcticus Putnam 1874
antarcticus, Paraliparis Regan 1914 = Paraliparis antarcticus Regan 1914
anthracinus, Paraliparis Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001 = Paraliparis anthracinus Stein, Chernova &
Andriashev 2001
arctica, Liparis Gill 1864 = Liparis tunicatus Reinhardt 1836
armatus, Careproctus Andriashev 1991 = Careproctus armatus Andriashev 1991
aspersus, Paraliparis Andriashev 1992 = Paraliparis aspersus Andriashev 1992
assimilis, Liparis lineatus Collett 1879 = Liparis liparis (Linnaeus 1766)
atakamensis, Careproctus Andriashev 1998 = Careproctus atakamensis Andriashev 1998
a ter, Pa ra lip ar is Stein, Ch er n ov a & A nd riash ev 2 0 01 = Par alip a ris a ter Stein, Ch er n ov a & A nd riash ev 2 0 01
atlanticus, Neoliparis Jordan & Evermann 1898 = Liparis atlanticus (Jordan & Evermann 1898)
atramentatus, Paraliparis Gilbert & Burke 1912 = Paraliparis atramentatus Gilbert & Burke 1912
atrans, Careproctus Andriashev 1991 = Careproctus atrans Andriashev 1991
atrolabiatus, Paraliparis Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001 = Paraliparis atrolabiatus Stein, Chernova
& Andriashev 2001
attenuatus, Careproctus Gilbert & Burke 1912 = Careproctus attenuatus Gilbert & Burke 1912
attenuatus, Paraliparis Garman 1899 = Paraliparis attenuatus Garman 1899
attenuatus, Rhinoliparis Burke 1912 = Rhinoliparis attenuatus Burke 1912
aureomarginatus, Careproctus Andriashev 1991 = Careproctus aureomarginatus Andriashev 1991
auriculatus, Paraliparis Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001 = Paraliparis auriculatus Stein, Chernova
&
Andriashev 2001
australiensis, Paraliparis Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001 = Paraliparis australiensis Stein, Chernova
& Andriashev 2001
australis, Paraliparis Gilchrist 1902 = Paraliparis australis Gilchrist 1902
avellaneus, Paraliparis Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001 = Paraliparis avellaneus Stein, Chernova
&
Andriashev 2001
badius, Paraliparis Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001 = Paraliparis badius Stein, Chernova &
Andriashev 2001
balgueriasi, Paraliparis Matallanas 1999 = Paraliparis balgueriasi Matallanas 1999
balushkini, Psednos Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001 = Psednos balushkini Stein, Chernova &
Andriashev 2001
barbatus, Liparis Ekström 1832 = Liparis liparis barbatus Ekström 1832
barbulifer, Rhinoliparis Gilbert 1896 = Rhinoliparis barbulifer Gilbert 1896
barnardi, Psednos Chernova 2001 = Psednos barnardi Chernova 2001
bathyarcticus, Liparis liparis Parr 1931 = Liparis gibbus Bean 1881
bathybii, Liparis (Paraliparis) Collett 1879 = Paraliparis bathybius (Collett 1879)
bathycoetus, Careproctus Gilbert & Burke 1912 = Careproctus bathycoetus Gilbert & Burke 1912
batialis, Careproctus Popov 1933 = Careproctus batialis Popov 1933
beckeri, Palmoliparis Balushkin 1996 = Palmoliparis beckeri Balushkin 1996
belyaevi, Pseudoliparis Andriashev & Pitruk 1993 = Pseudoliparis belyaevi Andriashev & Pitruk 1993
Checklist No. 31. Liparidae — snailfishes
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54
beringianus, Cyclogaster (Neoliparis) Gilbert & Burke 1912 = Polypera greeni (Jordan & Starks 1895)
bikunin, Liparis Matsubara & Iwai 1954 = Liparis bikunin Matsubara & Iwai 1954
bipolaris, Paraliparis Andriashev 1997 = Paraliparis bipolaris Andriashev 1997
bowersianus, Careproctus Gilbert & Burke 1912 = Careproctus bowersianus Gilbert & Burke 1912
brashnikovi, Liparis Soldatov 1930 = Liparis brashnikovi Soldatov 1930
brevicaudus, Liparis Mori 1956 = Liparis tessellatus (Gilbert & Burke 1912)
bristolense, Cyclogaster Burke 1912 = Liparis bristolensis (Burke 1912)
brunneocaudatus, Paraliparis Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001 = Paraliparis brunneocaudatus Stein,
Chernova & Andriashev 2001
brunneus, Paraliparis Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001 = Paraliparis brunneus Stein, Chernova &
Andriashev 2001
burkei, Careproctus Jordan & Thompson 1914 = Liparis burkei (Jordan & Thompson 1914)
cactiformis, Careproctus Andriashev 1990 = Careproctus cactiformis Andriashev 1990
caecus, Acantholiparis Grinols 1969 = Acantholiparis caecus Grinols 1969
calidus, Paraliparis Cohen 1968 = Paraliparis calidus Cohen 1968
callyodon, Cyclopterus Pallas 1814 = Liparis callyodon (Pallas 1814)
cameliae, Careproctus Nalbant 1965 = Crystallichthys cameliae (Nalbant 1965)
candidus, Careproctus Gilbert & Burke 1912 = Temnocora candida (Gilbert & Burke 1912)
canus, Careproctus Kido 1985 = Careproctus canus Kido 1985
cascadiae, Osteodiscus Stein 1978 = Osteodiscus cascadiae Stein 1978
catharus, Liparis Vogt 1973 = Liparis catharus Vogt 1973
catherinae, Careproctus Andriashev & Stein 1998 = Careproctus catherinae Andriashev & Stein 1998
cathetostomus, Psednos Chernova & Stein 2002 = Psednos cathetostomus Chernova & Stein 2002
caudatus, Paraliparis Gilbert 1915 = Elassodiscus caudatus (Gilbert 1915)
cephalus, Paraliparis Gilbert 1892 = Paraliparis cephalus Gilbert 1892
cerasinus, Paraliparis Andriashev 1986 = Paraliparis cerasinus Andriashev 1986
challengeri, Paraliparis Andriashev 1993 = Paraliparis challengeri Andriashev 1993
charcoti, Paraliparis Duhamel 1992 = Paraliparis charcoti Duhamel 1992
chefuensis, Liparis Wu & Wang 1933 = Liparis chefuensis Wu & Wang 1933
chirichignoae, Eknomoliparis Stein, Meléndez C. & Kong U. 1991 = Eknomoliparis chirichignoae Stein,
Meléndez C. & Kong U. 1991
choanus, Liparis Wu & Wang 1933 = Liparis chefuensis Wu & Wang 1933
christinae, Psednos Andriashev 1992 = Psednos christinae Andriashev 1992
coheni, Liparis Able 1976 = Liparis coheni Able 1976
colletti, Careproctus Gilbert 1896 = Careproctus colletti Gilbert 1896
continentalis, Careproctus Andriashev & Prirodina 1990 = Careproctus continentalis Andriashev &
Prirodina 1990
copei, Paraliparis Goode & Bean 1896 = Paraliparis copei copei Goode & Bean 1896
coracinus, Paraliparis Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001 = Paraliparis coracinus Stein, Chernova &
Andriashev 2001
costatus, Paraliparis Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001 = Paraliparis costatus Stein, Chernova &
Andriashev 2001
crassus, Careproctus de Buen 1961 = Careproctus pallidus (Vaillant 1888)
credispinulosus, Careproctus Andriashev & Prirodina 1990 = Careproctus credispinulosus
Andriashev &
Prirodina 1990
cryptacanthoides, Careproctus Krasyukova 1984 = Careproctus cryptacanthoides Krasyukova 1984
Checklist No. 31. Liparidae — snailfishes
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55
csiroi, Paraliparis Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001 = Paraliparis csiroi Stein, Chernova & Andriashev
2001
curilanus, Careproctus Gilbert & Burke 1912 = Careproctus curilanus Gilbert & Burke 1912
curilensis, Cyclogaster (Neoliparis) Gilbert & Burke 1912 = Liparis curilensis (Gilbert & Burke 1912)
cyclocephalus, Careproctus Kido 1983 = Careproctus cyclocephalus Kido 1983
cyclopus, Liparis Günther 1861 = Liparis cyclopus Günther 1861
cyclospilus, Crystallichthys Gilbert & Burke 1912 = Crystallichthys cyclospilus Gilbert & Burke 1912
cyclostigma, Liparis Gilbert 1896 = Liparis gibbus Bean 1881
cypseluroides, Careproctus Schmidt 1950 = Careproctus cypseluroides Schmidt 1950
cypselurus, Prognurus Jordan & Gilbert 1898 = Careproctus cypselurus (Jordan & Gilbert 1898)
dactyloides, Paraliparis Schmidt 1950 = Paraliparis dactyloides Schmidt 1950
dactylosus, Paraliparis Gilbert 1896 = Paraliparis dactylosus Gilbert 1896
darwini, Paraliparis Stein & Chernova 2002 = Paraliparis darwini Stein & Chernova 2002
deani, Paraliparis Burke 1912 = Paraliparis deani Burke 1912
debueni, Paraliparis Andriashev 1986 = Paraliparis debueni Andriashev 1986
decorus, Liparis lineatus Collett 1879 = Liparis liparis (Linnaeus 1766)
delawarei, Psednos Chernova & Stein 2002 = Psednos delawarei Chernova & Stein 2002
delphis, Paraliparis Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001 = Paraliparis delphis Stein, Chernova &
Andriashev 2001
dennyi, Liparis Jordan & Starks 1895 = Liparis dennyi Jordan & Starks 1895
dentatus, Careproctus Kido 1988 = Squaloliparis dentatus (Kido 1988)
dentatus, Psednos Chernova & Stein 2002 = Psednos dentatus Chernova & Stein 2002
devriesi, Paraliparis Andriashev 1980 = Paraliparis devriesi Andriashev 1980
dewitti, Paraliparis Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001 = Paraliparis dewitti Stein, Chernova &
Andriashev 2001
diploprora, Paraliparis Andriashev 1986 = Paraliparis diploprora Andriashev 1986
dipterus, Paraliparis Kido 1988 = Paraliparis dipterus Kido 1988
dubius, Careproctus Zugmayer 1911 = Careproctus dubius Zugmayer 1911
dubius, Liparis Soldatov 1930 = Liparis dubius Soldatov 1930
duhameli, Paraliparis Andriashev 1994 = Paraliparis duhameli Andriashev 1994
dulkeiti, Liparis Soldatov 1930 = Liparis dulkeiti Soldatov 1930
eastmani, Paraliparis Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001 = Paraliparis eastmani Stein, Chernova &
Andriashev 2001
ectenes, Careproctus Gilbert 1896 = Careproctus ectenes Gilbert 1896
edentatus, Paraliparis Andriashev 1986 = Edentoliparis terraenovae (Regan 1916)
edwardsi, Gymnolycodes Vaillant 1888 = Paraliparis edwardsi (Vaillant 1888)
ekstromii, Liparis Malm 1865 = Liparis montagui (Donovan 1804)
eltaninae, Careproctus Andriashev & Stein 1998 = Careproctus eltaninae Andriashev & Stein 1998
eltanini, Paraliparis Stein & Tompkins 1989 = Paraliparis eltanini Stein & Tompkins 1989
entargyreus, Careproctus Gilbert & Burke 1912 = Careproctus entargyreus Gilbert & Burke 1912
entochloris, Paraliparis Gilbert & Burke 1912 = Paraliparis entochloris Gilbert & Burke 1912
entomelas, Careproctus Gilbert & Burke 1912 = Careproctus entomelas Gilbert & Burke 1912
eos, Liparis Krasyukova 1984 = Liparis eos Krasyukova 1984
fabricii, Liparis Krøyer 1847 = Liparis fabricii Krøyer 1847
falklandica, Liparis antarctica Lönnberg 1905 = Careproctus falklandicus (Lönnberg 1905)
fedorovi, Careproctus Andriashev & Stein 1998 = Careproctus fedorovi Andriashev & Stein 1998
Checklist No. 31. Liparidae — snailfishes
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56
ferox, Odontoliparis Stein 1978 = Odontoliparis ferox Stein 1978
filamentosus, Careproctus Stein 1978 = Careproctus filamentosus Stein 1978
fimbriatus, Paraliparis Garman 1892 = Paraliparis fimbriatus Garman 1892
fishelsoni, Liparis Smith 1967 = Liparis fishelsoni Smith 1967
fissuratus, Neoliparis Starks 1896 = Liparis fucensis Gilbert 1896
florae, Neoliparis Jordan & Starks 1895 = Liparis florae (Jordan & Starks 1895)
franzi, Liparis Abe 1950 = Liparis punctulatus (Tanaka 1916)
frenatus, Cyclogaster Gilbert & Burke 1912 = Liparis frenatus (Gilbert & Burke 1912)
fucensis, Liparis Gilbert 1896 = Liparis fucensis Gilbert 1896
furcatus, Careproctus Mori 1956 = Careproctus furcatus Mori 1956
furcellus, Careproctus Gilbert & Burke 1912 = Careproctus furcellus Gilbert & Burke 1912
fuscolingua, Paraliparis Stein & Tompkins 1989 = Paraliparis fuscolingua Stein & Tompkins 1989
fuscus, Liparis lineatus Collett 1879 = Liparis liparis (Linnaeus 1766)
galapagosensis, Paraliparis Stein & Chernova 2002 = Paraliparis galapagosensis Stein & Chernova 2002
garmani, Paraliparis Burke 1912 = Paraliparis garmani Burke 1912
gelatinosus, Psednos Chernova 2001 = Psednos gelatinosus Chernova 2001
georgianus, Careproctus Lönnberg 1905 = Careproctus georgianus Lönnberg 1905
gibbericeps, Paraliparis copei Andriashev 1982 = Paraliparis copei gibbericeps Andriashev 2003
gibbus, Liparis Bean 1881 = Liparis gibbus Bean 1881
gilberti, Careproctus Burke 1912 = Careproctus gilberti Burke 1912
gilberti, Careproctus Jordan & Thompson 1914 = Allocareproctus jordani (Burke 1930)
gobius, Cyclopterus Nilsson 1832 = Liparis montagui (Donovan 1804)
gomoni, Paraliparis Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001 = Paraliparis gomoni Stein, Chernova &
Andriashev 2001
gracilis, Paraliparis Norman 1930 = Paraliparis gracilis Norman 1930
grandiceps, Paraliparis Garman 1899 = Paraliparis rosaceus Gilbert 1890
grandis, Paraliparis Schmidt 1950 = Paraliparis grandis Schmidt 1950
grebnitzkii, Neoliparis Schmidt 1904 = Liparis grebnitzkii (Schmidt 1904)
greeni, Neoliparis Jordan & Starks 1895 = Polypera greeni (Jordan & Starks 1895)
griseldea, Careproctus Lloris 1982 = Careproctus albescens Barnard 1927
griseus, Psednos Chernova & Stein 2002 = Psednos griseus Chernova & Stein 2002
groenlandicus, Psednos Chernova 2001 = Psednos groenlandicus Chernova 2001
guillemi, Careproctus Matallanas 1998 = Careproctus guillemi Matallanas 1998
harteli, Psednos Chernova 2001 = Psednos harteli Chernova 2001
herschelinus, Liparis Scofield 1898 = Liparis tunicatus Reinhardt 1836
herwigi, Careproctus Andriashev 1991 = Careproctus herwigi Andriashev 1991
hobarti, Paraliparis Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001 = Paraliparis hobarti Stein, Chernova &
Andriashev 2001
holomelas, Paraliparis Gilbert 1896 = Paraliparis holomelas Gilbert 1896
homopterus, Careproctus Gilbert & Burke 1912 = Careproctus homopterus Gilbert & Burke 1912
hubbsi, Paraliparis Andriashev 1986 = Paraliparis hubbsi Andriashev 1986
hureaui, Paraliparis Matallanas 1999 = Paraliparis hureaui Matallanas 1999
hyaleius, Careproctus Geistdoerfer 1994 = Careproctus hyaleius Geistdoerfer 1994
hystrix, Paraliparis Merrett 1983 = Paraliparis hystrix Merrett 1983
Checklist No. 31. Liparidae — snailfishes
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57
impariporus, Paraliparis Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001 = Paraliparis impariporus Stein, Chernova
& Andriashev 2001
improvisus, Careproctus Andriashev & Stein 1998 = Careproctus improvisus Andriashev & Stein 1998
incognita, Paraliparis Stein & Tompkins 1989 = Paraliparis incognita Stein & Tompkins 1989
infeliciter, Paraliparis Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001 = Paraliparis infeliciter Stein, Chernova &
Andriashev 2001
inflexidens, Careproctus Andriashev & Stein 1998 = Careproctus inflexidens Andriashev & Stein 1998
ingens, Cyclogaster Gilbert & Burke 1912 = Liparis ochotensis Schmidt 1904
inquilinus, Liparis Able 1973 = Liparis inquilinus Able 1973
islandicus, Psednos Chernova & Stein 2002 = Psednos islandicus Chernova & Stein 2002
jordani, Careproctus Burke 1930 = Allocareproctus jordani (Burke 1930)
kamoae, Crystallias Oshima 1957 = Crystallias matsushimae Jordan & Snyder 1902
kerguelensis, Paraliparis copei Andriashev 1982 = Paraliparis copei kerguelensis Andriashev 1982
kermadecensis, Careproctus Nielsen 1964 = Notoliparis kermadecensis (Nielsen 1964)
koefoedi, Liparis Parr 1931 = Liparis koefoedi Parr 1931
kreffti, Paraliparis Andriashev 1986 = Paraliparis kreffti Andriashev 1986
kurchatovi, Notoliparis Andriashev 1975 = Notoliparis kurchatovi Andriashev 1975
kusnetzovi, Liparis (Neoliparis) Taranetz 1935 = Liparis kusnetzovi Taranetz 1935
kussakini, Liparis rutteri Pinchuk 1976 = Liparis kussakini Pinchuk 1976
labiatus, Paraliparis Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001 = Paraliparis labiatus Stein, Chernova &
Andriashev 2001
lacmi, Careproctus Andriashev & Stein 1998 = Careproctus lacmi Andriashev & Stein 1998
laptevi, Liparis Popov 1933 = Liparis laptevi Popov 1933
lasti, Paraliparis Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001 = Paraliparis lasti Stein, Chernova & Andriashev
2001
latifrons, Liparis Schmidt 1950 = Liparis latifrons Schmidt 1950
latifrons, Paraliparis Garman 1899 = Paraliparis latifrons Garman 1899
leobergi, Paraliparis Andriashev 1982 = Paraliparis leobergi Andriashev 1982
leprosa, Liparis fabricii Lütken 1886 = Liparis fabricii Krøyer 1847
leptochirus, Eutelichthys Tortonese 1959 = Eutelichthys leptochirus Tortonese 1959
leptorhinus, Careproctus Andriashev & Stein 1998 = Careproctus leptorhinus Andriashev & Stein 1998
leucogaster, Paraliparis Andriashev 1986 = Paraliparis leucogaster Andriashev 1986
leucoglossus, Paraliparis Andriashev 1986 = Paraliparis leucoglossus Andriashev 1986
lindbergi, Genioliparis Andriashev & Neyelov 1976 = Genioliparis lindbergi Andriashev & Neyelov 1976
lindbergi, Liparis Krasyukova 1984 = Liparis lindbergi Krasyukova 1984
lineatus, Cyclopterus Lepechin 1774 = Liparis liparis (Linnaeus 1766)
lineatus, Liparis Krøyer 1847 = Liparis liparis (Linnaeus 1766)
liparina, Amitra Goode 1881 = Paraliparis liparinus (Goode 1881)
liparis, Cyclopterus Linnaeus 1766 = Liparis liparis liparis (Linnaeus 1766)
liparoides, Cyclopterus Nilsson 1832 = Liparis liparis (Linnaeus 1766)
longifilis, Careproctus Garman 1892 = Careproctus longifilis Garman 1892
longipectoralis, Careproctus Duhamel 1992 = Careproctus longipectoralis Duhamel 1992
longipinnis, Careproctus Burke 1912 = Careproctus longipinnis Burke 1912
macquariensis, Notoliparis Andriashev 1978 = Notoliparis macquariensis Andriashev 1978
macranchus, Careproctus Andriashev 1991 = Careproctus macranchus Andriashev 1991
Checklist No. 31. Liparidae — snailfishes
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58
macrocephalus, Paraliparis Chernova & Eastman 2001 = Paraliparis macrocephalus Chernova &
Eastman 2001
macrodiscus, Careproctus Schmidt 1950 = Careproctus macrodiscus Schmidt 1950
maculatus, Liparis Ding 1987 = Liparis zonatus Chernova, Stein & Andriashev 2004
maculatus, Liparis Krasyukova 1984 = Liparis maculatus Krasyukova 1984
maculatus, Liparis Malm 1865 = Liparis montagui (Donovan 1804)
magellanicus, Careproctus Matallanas & Pequeño 2000 = Careproctus magellanicus Matallanas &
Pequeño 2000
mandibularis, Paraliparis Kido 1985 = Paraliparis mandibularis Kido 1985
marginatus, Careproctus Kido 1988 = Careproctus marginatus Kido 1988
marmoratus, Liparis Schmidt 1950 = Liparis marmoratus Schmidt 1950
matsushimae, Crystallias Jordan & Snyder 1902 = Crystallias matsushimae Jordan & Snyder 1902
mawsoni, Paraliparis Andriashev 1986 = Paraliparis mawsoni Andriashev 1986
mederi, Careproctus Schmidt 1916 = Careproctus mederi Schmidt 1916
mednius, Neoliparis Soldatov 1930 = Liparis mednius (Soldatov 1930)
megacephalus, Cyclogaster Burke 1912 = Liparis megacephalus (Burke 1912)
megalopus, Paraliparis Stein 1978 = Paraliparis megalopus Stein 1978
meganchus, Paraliparis Andriashev 1982 = Paraliparis meganchus Andriashev 1982
melanobranchus, Paraliparis Gilbert & Burke 1912 = Paraliparis melanobranchus Gilbert & Burke 1912
melanocephalus, Psednos Chernova & Stein 2002 = Psednos melanocephalus Chernova & Stein 2002
melanuroides, Careproctus Schmidt 1950 = Careproctus melanuroides Schmidt 1950
melanurus, Careproctus Gilbert 1892 = Careproctus melanurus Gilbert 1892
membranaceus, Paraliparis Günther 1887 = Paraliparis membranaceus Günther 1887
mento, Paraliparis Gilbert 1892 = Paraliparis mento Gilbert 1892
meridionalis, Liparis latifrons Schmidt 1950 = Liparis latifrons Schmidt 1950
meridionalis, Paraliparis Kido 1985 = Paraliparis meridionalis Kido 1985
merodontus, Paraliparis Stein, Meléndez C. & Kong U. 1991 = Paraliparis merodontus Stein, Meléndez
C. & Kong U. 1991
meteorensis, Paraliparis thalassobathyalis Andriashev 2003 = Paraliparis thalassobathyalis meteorensis
Andriashev 1982
merretti, Careproctus Andriashev & Chernova 1988 = Careproctus merretti Andriashev & Chernova 1988
mexicanus, Psednos Chernova & Stein 2002 = Psednos mexicanus Chernova & Stein 2002
micraspidophorus, Cyclogaster (Neoliparis) Gilbert & Burke 1912 = Liparis micraspidophorus (Gilbert
&
Burke 1912)
microps, Psednos Chernova 2001 = Psednos microps Chernova 2001
micropus, Liparis Günther 1887 = Careproctus micropus (Günther 1887)
microstomus, Careproctus Stein 1978 = Careproctus microstomus Stein 1978
micruroides, Psednos Chernova 2001 = Psednos micruroides Chernova 2001
micrurus, Psednos Barnard 1927 = Psednos micrurus Barnard 1927
minimus, Careproctus Andriashev & Stein 1998 = Careproctus minimus Andriashev & Stein 1998
minytremus, Gyrinichthys Gilbert 1896 = Gyrinichthys minytremus Gilbert 1896
miostomus, Liparis Matsubara & Iwai 1954 = Liparis miostomus Matsubara & Iwai 1954
mirabilis, Crystallichthys Jordan & Gilbert 1898 = Crystallichthys mirabilis Jordan & Gilbert 1898
mirabilis, Psednos Chernova 2001 = Psednos mirabilis Chernova 2001
mixtus, Liparis lineatus Collett 1879 = Liparis liparis (Linnaeus 1766)
Checklist No. 31. Liparidae — snailfishes
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59
molinai, Paraliparis Stein, Meléndez C. & Kong U. 1991 = Paraliparis molinai Stein, Meléndez C. &
Kong U. 1991
mollis, Careproctus Gilbert & Burke 1912 = Careproctus mollis Gilbert & Burke 1912
mo no por us, Par a lipa r is A nd riashev & N eyelo v 1 979 = Pa r alip a ris m on opo rus A nd riashev & N eyelo v 1 979
montagui, Cyclopterus Donovan 1804 = Liparis montagui (Donovan 1804)
mucosus, Liparis Ayres 1855 = Liparis mucosus Ayres 1855
multiradiatus, Liparis Matsubara & Iwai 1954 = Liparis ochotensis Schmidt 1904
murieli, Paraliparis Matallanas 1984 = Paraliparis murieli Matallanas 1984
nanus, Lipariscus Gilbert 1915 = Lipariscus nanus Gilbert 1915
nassarum, Paraliparis Stein & Fitch 1984 = Paraliparis nassarum Stein & Fitch 1984
nataliae, Psednos Stein & Andriashev in Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001 = Psednos nataliae Stein &
Andriashev 2001
neelovi, Paraliparis Andriashev 1982 = Paraliparis neelovi Andriashev 1982
newmani, Liparis Cohen 1960 = Liparis newmani Cohen 1960
niger, Liparis Soldatov & Lindberg 1930 = Liparis niger Soldatov & Lindberg 1930
nigricans, Careproctus Schmidt 1950 = Careproctus nigricans Schmidt 1950
novaezelandiae, Careproctus Andriashev 1990 = Careproctus novaezelandiae Andriashev 1990
obliquosus, Paraliparis Chernova & Duhamel 2003 = Paraliparis obliquosus Chernova & Duhamel 2003
obscurus, Elassodiscus Pitruk & Fedorov 1993 = Elassodiscus obscurus Pitruk & Fedorov 1993
obscurus, Liparis montagui Collett 1879 = Liparis montagui (Donovan 1804)
obtusirostris, Paraliparis Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001 = Paraliparis obtusirostris Stein, Chernova
& Andriashev 2001
ochotensis, Liparis Schmidt 1904 = Liparis ochotensis Schmidt 1904
okadae, Careproctus Tanaka 1916 = Liparis punctulatus (Tanaka 1916)
opercularis, Acantholiparis Gilbert & Burke 1912 = Acantholiparis opercularis Gilbert & Burke 1912
operculosus, Paraliparis Andriashev 1979 = Paraliparis operculosus Andriashev 1979
opisthotremus, Careproctus Gilbert & Burke 1912 = Careproctus opisthotremus Gilbert & Burke 1912
orcadensis, Paraliparis Matallanas & Pequeño 2000 = Paraliparis orcadensis Matallanas & Pequeño 2000
oregonensis, Careproctus Stein 1978 = Careproctus oregonensis Stein 1978
osborni, Liparis Townsend & Nichols 1925 = Careproctus gilberti Burke 1912
ostentum, Careproctus Gilbert 1896 = Careproctus ostentum Gilbert 1896
ovigerum, Bathyphasma Gilbert 1896 = Careproctus ovigerus (Gilbert 1896)
owstoni, Trismegistus Jordan & Snyder 1904 = Liparis owstoni (Jordan & Snyder 1904)
pallidus, Enantioliparis Vaillant 1888 = Careproctus pallidus (Vaillant 1888)
pallidus, Psednos Chernova & Stein 2002 = Psednos pallidus Chernova & Stein 2002
parini, Careproctus Andriashev & Prirodina 1990 = Careproctus parini Andriashev & Prirodina 1990
parvidiscus, Careproctus Imamura & Nobetsu 2002 = Careproctus parvidiscus Imamura & Nobetsu 2002
parviporatus, Careproctus Andriashev & Stein 1998 = Careproctus parviporatus Andriashev & Stein 1998
patagonicus, Careproctus Matallanas & Pequeño 2000 = Careproctus patagonicus Matallanas & Pequeño
2000
paucidens, Paraliparis Stein 1978 = Paraliparis paucidens Stein 1978
paxtoni, Careproctus Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001 = Careproctus paxtoni Stein, Chernova &
Andriashev 2001
pectoralis, Paraliparis Stein 1978 = Paraliparis pectoralis Stein 1978
pelagicus, Nectoliparis Gilbert & Burke 1912 = Nectoliparis pelagicus Gilbert & Burke 1912
pellucidus, Careproctus Gilbert & Burke 1912 = Careproctus pellucidus Gilbert & Burke 1912
Checklist No. 31. Liparidae — snailfishes
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petschiliensis, Cyclogaster Rendahl 1926 = Liparis petschiliensis (Rendahl 1926)
phasma, Careproctus Gilbert 1896 = Careproctus phasma Gilbert 1896
piceus, Paraliparis Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001 = Paraliparis piceus Stein, Chernova &
Andriashev 2001
pictus, Liparis montagui Collett 1879 = Liparis montagui (Donovan 1804)
p lag io s to m u s , Pa ra lip ar is S tein , Ch er no v a & A n dr ias hev 2 00 1 = Pa ra lip ar is pla g io s to mu s S tein , Ch er no v a
& Andriashev 2001
polarsterni, Careproctus Duhamel 1992 = Careproctus polarsterni Duhamel 1992
pravdini, Liparis Schmidt 1951 = Liparis pravdini Schmidt 1951
principalis, Liparis montagui Collett 1879 = Liparis montagui (Donovan 1804)
profundicola, Careproctus Duhamel 1992 = Careproctus profundicola Duhamel 1992
pseudoprofundicola, Careproctus Andriashev & Stein 1998 = Careproctus pseudoprofundicola
Andriashev & Stein 1998
ptychomandibularis, Prognatholiparis Orr & Busby 2001 = Prognatholiparis ptychomandibularis Orr
&
Busby 2001
pulchellus, Liparis Ayres 1855 = Liparis pulchellus Ayres 1855
punctatus, Liparis Schmidt 1950 = Liparis punctatus Schmidt 1950
punctulatus, Careproctus Tanaka 1916 = Liparis punctulatus (Tanaka 1916)
puniceus, Careproctus Mori 1955 = Careproctus colletti Gilbert 1896
pycnosoma, Careproctus Gilbert & Burke 1912 = Careproctus pycnosoma Gilbert & Burke 1912
quasimodo, Liparis Krasyukova 1984 = Liparis quasimodo Krasyukova 1984
ranula, Liparis Goode & Bean 1879 = Careproctus ranula (Goode & Bean 1879)
rassi, Pseudonotoliparis Pitruk 1991 = Pseudonotoliparis rassi Pitruk 1991
rastrinoides, Careproctus Schmidt 1950 = Careproctus rastrinoides Schmidt 1950
rastrinus, Careproctus Gilbert & Burke 1912 = Careproctus rastrinus Gilbert & Burke 1912
regina, Rhodichthys Collett 1879 = Rhodichthys regina Collett 1879
reinhardi, Liparis Krøyer 1862 = Careproctus reinhardti (Krøyer 1862)
retrodorsalis, Paraliparis Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001 = Paraliparis retrodorsalis Stein, Chernova
& Andriashev 2001
rhodomelas, Careproctus Gilbert & Burke 1912 = Careproctus rhodomelas Gilbert & Burke 1912
rhodosoma, Liparis Burke 1930 = Liparis rhodosoma Burke 1930
rimiventris, Careproctus Andriashev & Stein 1998 = Careproctus rimiventris Andriashev & Stein 1998
rosaceus, Paraliparis Gilbert 1890 = Paraliparis rosaceus Gilbert 1890
roseofuscus, Careproctus Gilbert & Burke 1912 = Careproctus roseofuscus Gilbert & Burke 1912
rossi, Paraliparis Chernova & Eastman 2001 = Paraliparis rossi Chernova & Eastman 2001
rotundirostris, Liparis Krasyukova 1984 = Liparis rotundirostris Krasyukova 1984
rufescens, Liparis Burke 1930 = Liparis gibbus Bean 1881
rutilus, Liparis punctulatus Abe 1955 = Liparis punctulatus (Tanaka 1916)
rutteri, Neoliparis Gilbert & Snyder 1898 = Liparis rutteri (Gilbert & Snyder 1898)
s a nd wichen s is, Car epr octus A nd riashev & S tein 199 8 = Ca repro ctu s s an d w i c h e n s i s An dr ias hev & Stein 1 998
sarasa, Careproctus Tanaka 1916 = Careproctus sarasa Tanaka 1916
sargassicus, Psednos Chernova 2001 = Psednos sargassicus Chernova 2001
s cap h o p ter u s , Ca rep r o ctu s A nd r iash ev & S tein 1 99 8 = Ca rep r o ctu s sca p ho p teru s A nd r iash ev & S tein 1 99 8
schantarensis, Neoliparis Lindberg & Dulkeit 1929 = Liparis schantarensis (Lindberg & Dulkeit 1929)
schmidti, Liparis Lindberg & Krasyukova 1987 = Liparis schmidti Lindberg & Krasyukova 1987
scorpioides, Liparis lineatus Collett 1879 = Liparis liparis (Linnaeus 1766)
Checklist No. 31. Liparidae — snailfishes
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61
scottae, Careproctus Chapman & de Lacy 1934 = Careproctus scottae Chapman & de Lacy 1934
scriptus, Liparis lineatus Collett 1879 = Liparis liparis (Linnaeus 1766)
segaliensis, Careproctus Gilbert & Burke 1912 = Careproctus segaliensis Gilbert & Burke 1912
seraphimae, Careproctus Schmidt 1950 = Careproctus seraphimae Schmidt 1950
simus, Careproctus Gilbert 1896 = Careproctus simus Gilbert 1896
simushirae, Cyclogaster (Neoliparis) Gilbert & Burke 1912 = Polypera simushirae (Gilbert & Burke 1912)
sinensis, Careproctus Gilbert & Burke 1912 = Careproctus sinensis Gilbert & Burke 1912
smirnovi, Careproctus Andriashev 1991 = Careproctus smirnovi Andriashev 1991
solidus, Careproctus Chernova 1999 = Careproctus solidus Chernova 1999
somovi, Paraliparis Andriashev & Neyelov 1979 = Paraliparis somovi Andriashev & Neyelov 1979
spectrum, Careproctus Bean 1890 = Careproctus spectrum Bean 1890
spirohira, Psednos Chernova & Stein 2002 = Psednos spirohira Chernova & Stein 2002
stehmanni, Paraliparis Andriashev 1986 = Paraliparis stehmanni Andriashev 1986
steineni, Liparis Fischer 1885 = Liparis tunicatus Reinhardt 1836
steini, Careproctus Andriashev & Prirodina 1990 = Careproctus steini Andriashev & Prirodina 1990
steini, Psednos Chernova 2001 = Psednos steini Chernova 2001
stellatus, Liparis Malm 1865 = Liparis liparis (Linnaeus 1766)
striatus, Liparis montagui Collett 1879 = Liparis montagui (Donovan 1804)
subfuscus, Liparis lineatus Collett 1879 = Liparis liparis (Linnaeus 1766)
takashimensis, Liparis Nojima 1936 = Liparis agassizii Putnam 1874
tanakae, Cyclogaster Gilbert & Burke 1912 = Liparis tanakae (Gilbert & Burke 1912)
tartaricus, Liparis Soldatov 1930 = Liparis tartaricus Soldatov 1930
tasmaniensis, Paraliparis Stein, Chernova & Andriashev 2001 = Paraliparis tasmaniensis Stein, Chernova
& Andriashev 2001
terraenovae, Paraliparis Regan 1916 = Edentoliparis terraenovae (Regan 1916)
tessellatus, Cyclogaster Gilbert & Burke 1912 = Liparis tessellatus (Gilbert & Burke 1912)
tetr a p ter yx, Pa r alip a ris A nd r iash ev & N eyelo v 1 9 7 9 = Pa ra lip ar is tetr ap ter yx A nd r iash ev & N eyelo v 1 9 7 9
thalassobathyalis, Paraliparis Andriashev 1982 = Paraliparis thalassobathyalis thalassobathyalis
Andriashev 1982
tompkinsae, Paraliparis Andriashev 1992 = Paraliparis tompkinsae Andriashev 1992
trachysoma, Careproctus Gilbert & Burke 1912 = Careproctus trachysoma Gilbert & Burke 1912
tremebundus, Elassodiscus Gilbert & Burke 1912 = Elassodiscus tremebundus Gilbert & Burke 1912
tricapitidens, Careproctus Andriashev & Stein 1998 = Careproctus tricapitidens Andriashev & Stein 1998
trilobodon, Paraliparis Andriashev & Neyelov 1979 = Paraliparis trilobodon Andriashev & Neyelov 1979
trunovi, Paraliparis Andriashev 1986 = Paraliparis trunovi Andriashev 1986
tunicata, Liparis Reinhardt 1836 = Liparis tunicatus Reinhardt 1836
tunicatiformis, Liparis Krasyukova 1984 = Liparis tunicatiformis Krasyukova 1984
ulochir, Paraliparis Gilbert 1896 = Paraliparis ulochir Gilbert 1896
valentinae, Paraliparis Andriashev & Neyelov 1984 = Paraliparis valentinae Andriashev & Neyelov 1984
violaceus, Paraliparis Chernova 1991 = Paraliparis violaceus Chernova 1991
vladibeckeri, Careproctus Andriashev & Stein 1998 = Careproctus vladibeckeri Andriashev & Stein 1998
vulgaris, Liparis Fleming 1828 = Liparis liparis (Linnaeus 1766)
wh itleyi, Ps ed nos S tein, Ch er nov a & A ndr ias hev 2 001 = Ps ed nos whitleyi Stein, Chern ova & An driash ev 20 01
wildi, Paraliparis Waite 1916 = Paraliparis antarcticus Regan 1914
wilsoni, Paraliparis Richards 1966 = Paraliparis copei wilsoni Richards 1966
Checklist No. 31. Liparidae — snailfishes
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zachirus, Careproctus Kido 1985 = Careproctus zachirus Kido 1985
zispi, Careproctus Andriashev & Stein 1998 = Careproctus zispi Andriashev & Stein 1998
z o na tu s , L ip ar is Cher n o va, S tein & A n dr ias hev 2 00 4 = L ipa r is z o n a tu s Cher n o va, S tein & A n dr ias hev 2 00 4
Incertae Sedis Species-Group Names
arcticus, Liparis lineatus Collett 1879:44 [ref. 21044] (Tromsø, Magdalenbay on Spitsbergen). Syntypes
(2): whereabouts unknown. Based on color variation of Liparis gibbus or L. tunicatus.
gelatinosus, Cyclopterus Pallas 1769:19, Pl. 3 (fig. 1) [ref. 20848]. Not recorded since Pallas 1769.
gobius, Liparis Schagerström 1838:248 [ref. 18677] (Landskrona, Sweden). No types known.
major, Liparis Gill 1864:193 [ref. 1700] (Greenland and other localities from literature sources). No types
known.
musculus, Cyclopterus Lacepède 1802:683, Pl. 15 (figs. 3, 4) [ref. 4929] (coast of North Atlantic, Arctic,
and North Pacific, intertidal to edge of continental shelf). In the genus Liparis, status uncertain.
smyrnensis, Gobius Bonnaterre 1788:66 [ref. 4940] (locality unknown). No types known.
Unavailable Species-Group Names
albeolus, Paraliparis Taranetz 1937:137 [ref. 13384]. Nomen nudum. In the synonymy of Paraliparis
albeolus Schmidt 1950.
alboventer, Liparis Schmidt 1959:255 [ref. 26863]. Nomen nudum. In the synonymy of Liparis alboventer
(Krasyukova 1984).
caputneptuni, Crystallichthys Schmidt 1903:519 [17 of separate] [ref. 3945]. Nomen nudum.
cryptocanthoides, Careproctus Schmidt 1959:255 [ref. 26863]. Nomen nudum. In the synonymy of
Careproctus cryptacanthoides Krasyukova 1984.
cypseluroides, Careproctus Taranetz 1937 [ref. 13384]. Nomen nudum. In the synonymy of Careproctus
cypseluroides Schmidt 1950.
devriesii, Paraliparis DeVries & Lin 1977 [ref. 26864]. Nomen nudum.
egregius, Squaloliparis Dudnik & Dolganov [ref. 25854]. Nomen nudum. In the synonymy of
Squaloliparis dentatus (Kido 1988).
eo s, L ip a r is Schm idt 19 59 :25 5 [ ref. 268 63 ]. N o men n ud u m . In th e s yn ony my of L ipa r is eos K rasyu kov a 198 4.
grebnitzkii, Neoliparis Schmidt 1903:519 [ref. 3945]. Nomen nudum. In the synonymy of Liparis
grebnitzkii (Schmidt 1904).
lindbergi, Liparis Schmidt 1959:255 [ref. 26863]. Nomen nudum. In the synonymy of Liparis lindbergi
Krasyukova 1984.
lip ar is , Cyclog as ter Meus ch en 17 7 8:23 [ r ef . 1 76 82 ]. Su pp r es sed. Pu blish ed in a r ejected wo rk (O pinio n 26 0 ).
macropterus, Liparis Schmidt 1959:255 [ref. 26863]. Nomen nudum.
maculatus, Liparis Schmidt 1959:255 [ref. 26863]. Nomen nudum. In the synonymy of Liparis maculatus
Krasyukova 1984.
major, Cyclopterus liparis Fabricius 1780:136 [ref. 17464]. Infrasubspecific. In the synonymy of Liparis
gibbus Bean 1881. See Able and McAllister (1980:25, 29 [ref. 6908]). Name appeared as Cyclopterus
liparis altera major and is treated as infrasubspecific and unavailable. From Greenland.
marinus, Lepus Steller 1814:74 [ref. 3351]. Nomen nudum. Not available, manuscript name listed in the
synonymy of Cyclopterus gelatinosus Pallas 1814.
megalops, Cyclogaster liparis Smitt 1893:287 [ref. 4146]. Not available, not intended as a species name
and used only as a category (forma megalops = large-eyed form) in reference to Cyclogaster fabricii.
In the synonymy of Liparis fabricii Krøyer 1847.
microps, Cyclogaster liparis Smitt 1893:287 [ref. 4146]. Not available, not intended as a species name and
used only as a category (forma microps = small-eyed form) in reference to Cyclogaster liparis [=
Liparis liparis]. The figures are only labeled as Cyclogaster liparis [Pl. 15 (figs. 7–10); figs. 7 and 9
from Scandinavian specimens]. In the synonymy of Liparis liparis (Linnaeus 1766).
Checklist No. 31. Liparidae — snailfishes
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63
minor, Cyclopterus liparis Fabricius 1780:135 [ref. 17464]. Infrasubspecific. In the synonymy of Liparis
tunicatus Reinhardt 1836. Name appeared as Cyclopterus liparis altera minor and is treated as
infrasubspecific and unavailable. From Greenland.
montacuti, Cyclopterus Turton 1807:115 [ref. 12590]. Misspelling. Apparently an incorrect subsequent
spelling of Cyclopterus montagui Donovan 1804.
nostras, Liparis Artedi 1793:117 [ref. 3833]. Nomen nudum.
parrii, Ophidium Ross 1826:109 [ref. 18641]. Suppressed. Originally thought to be a zoarcid; it was
described from Baffin Bay. Günther (1862:325 [ref. 1969]) established the genus Uronectes, but that
was preoccupied by Uronectes Bronn 1850 (Crustacea), so Gill (1884:180 [ref. 1725]) suggested
Lycocara as a replacement. Under that name it was considered the only generic Arctic endemic
zoarcid. Unreported after its original description, Andriashev and McAllister (1978:710 [ref. 6988])
determined that it is a liparid and a senior synonym of Liparis koefoedi. In 1980, Able and McAllister
(1980:18 [ref. 6908], Able 1990:488 [ref. 20106]) classified it as a junior synonym of L. fabricii.
Finally, the name was ruled invalid and placed on the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Names in
Zoology, Number 1099 (Opinion 1217).
quasimodo, Liparis Schmidt 1959:255 [ref. 26863]. Nomen nudum. In the synonymy of Liparis quasimodo
Krasyukova 1984.
rattus, Liparis Schmidt 1959:255 [ref. 26863]. Nomen nudum.
rotundirostris, Liparis Schmidt, 1959:255 [ref. 26863]. Nomen nudum. In the synonymy of Liparis
rotundirostris Krasyukova 1984.
seraphimae, Careproctus Taranetz 1937:137 [ref. 13384]. Nomen nudum. In the synonymy of Careproctus
seraphimae Schmidt 1950.
spinulosus, Acantholiparis Fedorov 1973:67 [ref. 5567]. Nomen nudum.
tunicatiformes, Liparis Schmidt 1959:255 [ref. 26863]. Nomen nudum. In the synonymy of Liparis
tunicatiformis Krasyukova 1984.
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Acknowledgments
The Alfred P. Sloan Foundation provided funding toward preparation of this account. N. V. Chernova and
A. P. Andriashev were partially supported by grants from the Russian Fund for Fundamental Research No.
02-04-48669 and Scientific School No. 1668.2003.4, and by Project No. 11 “Study of the Antarctic Biota”
FCP “Mirovoy Okean.” We would like to thank Catherine W. Mecklenburg and William J. Poly for their
huge and patient help in editing the manuscript.
Suggested citation format:
Chernova, N. V., D. L. Stein, and A. P. Andriashev. 2004. Family Liparidae Scopoli
1777 — snailfishes. Calif. Acad . S ci. A nn otated Ch eck lists o f F ishes N o. 3 1 . 72 pp .
Copyright © 2004 by the California Academy of Sciences
San Francisco, California, U.S.A.
