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5G Technology of Mobile Communication:
A Survey
Asvin Gohil
Charotar University of Science and
Technology. Changa-388421, Gujarat,
India
Hardik Modi
Charotar University of Science and
Technology. Changa-388421, Gujarat,
India
modi8584@yahoo.com
Shobhit K Patel
Charotar University of Science and
Technology. Changa-388421, Gujarat,
India
shobhit_65@yahoo.com
Abstract- The objective of this paper is comprehensive study
related to 5G technology of mobile communication. Existing
research work in mobile communication is related to 5G
technology. In 5G, researches are related to the development of
World Wide Wireless Web (WWWW), Dynamic Adhoc Wireless
Networks (DAWN) and Real Wireless Communication. The most
important technologies for 5G technologies are 802.11 Wireless
Local Area Networks (WLAN) and 802.16 Wireless Metropolitan
Area Networks (WMAN), Ad-hoc Wireless Personal Area
Network (WPAN) and Wireless networks for digital
communication. 4G technology will include several standards
under a common umbrella, similar to 3G, but with IEEE 802.xx
wireless mobile networks integrated from the commencement.
The major contribution of this paper is the key provisions of
5G (Fifth Generation) technology of mobile communication,
which is seen as consumer oriented. In 5G technology, the mobile
consumer has given utmost priority compared to others. 5G
Technology stands for 5th Generation Mobile Technology.
5G technology is to make use of mobile phones within very high
bandwidth. The consumer never experienced the utmost valued
technology as 5G.The 5G technologies include all types of
advanced features which make 5G technology most dominant
technology in near future.
Keywords- WLAN; 5G; GSM; WWWW; WMAN; DAWN
I. INTRODUCTION
Mobile and wireless networks have made remarkable
development in the last few years. At the present time many
mobile phones have also a WLAN adapter. One may expect
that near soon many mobile phones will have Wax adapter
too, besides their 3G, 2G, WLAN, Bluetooth etc. adapters. We
are using IP for both generations, 2.5G or 3G Public Land
Mobile Networks (PLMN) on one side and WLAN on the
other, raised study on their integration. Concerning the 4G, its
focus is towards flawless incorporation of cellular networks
such as GSM and 3G. Multi mode consumer terminals are
seen as must have for 4G, but special security mechanisms and
special operating system support in special wireless
technologies remain a test. Nevertheless, integration among
different wireless networks (e.g. PLMN and WLAN) is
implemented in practice even nowadays. Although, different
wireless networks from a sole terminal are used absolutely,
that is, there is no combining of different wireless access
technologies for a same session (e.g., FTP download). The
anticipated Open Wireless Architecture (OWA) in is targeted
to offer open baseband processing modules with open
interface parameters. The OWA is related to MAC/PHY
layers of future (4G) mobiles.[3] The 5G terminals will have
software defined radios and modulation scheme and new
error-control schemes can be downloaded from the Internet
The enhancement is seen towards the consumer terminals as a
focus on the 5G mobile networks. The 5G mobile terminals
will have access to different wireless technologies at the same
time. The 5G mobile terminal should be capable to merge
special flows from different technologies. The network will be
dependable for managing user-mobility.The 5G terminal will
make the ultimate selection among different mobile access
network providers for a specified service. The paper gives the
concept of intelligent Internet [13] phone where the mobile
can prefer the finest connections. [14]
II. CHALLENGES IN MIGRATION FROM 4G
A. Multi mode user terminals
By means of 4G, there will be a necessity to design a single
user terminal that can operate in different wireless networks and
conquer the design troubles such as restrictions on the size of the
device, its cost and power utilization. This trouble can be
solved by using software radio approach.
B. Choice among various wireless systems.
Every wireless system has its distinctive characteristics and
roles. The choice of most appropriate technology for a specific
service at a specific place and at specific time. This will be applied
by making the choice according to the best possible fit of consumer
QoS (Quality of Service) requirements.
C. Security
Reconfigurable, adaptive and lightweight protection
mechanisms should be designed.
D. Network infrastructure and QoS support
Integrating the current non-IP and IP-based systems and
providing QoS assurance for end-to-end services that engage
different systems is a challenge.
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E. Charging and Billing
It is hard to accumulate, handle and accumulate the
Consumers’ account information from many service providers. In the
same way Consumers’ billing is also a difficult task.
F. Attacks on Application Level
Software applications which will offer an new feature to
the consumer but will commence new bugs.
G. Jamming and spoofing
Spoofing is fake GPS signals being sent out, in which case
the GPS receiver considers that the signals arrives from a satellite and
computes the wrong coordinates. Criminals can make use of such
techniques. Jamming occurs when a transmitter sending out signals at
the same frequency shifts a GPS signal.
H. Data Encryption
If a GPS receiver will communicate with the main transmitter then
the communication link between these two is not tough to break and
consumer must use encrypted data. [5]
III. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
5G Technology is a name used in various research
papers and projects to indicate the next most important stage
of mobile communication standards beyond the 4G standards
Presently, 5G is not a term officially used for any particular
specifications. 3GPP standard release beyond 4G and LTE [1].
The implementation of standards under a 5G umbrella would
likely be around the year of 2020.
Key terms of 5G Technology:
1. 5G is a completed wireless communication with
almost no limitation; somehow people called it
REAL wireless world
2. Additional features such as Multimedia Newspapers,
also to watch T.V programs with the clarity as to that
of an HD T.V.
3. We can send Data much faster than that of the
previous generations.
4. 5G will bring almost perfect real world wireless or
called “WWWW: World Wide Wireless Web
5. Real wireless world with no more limitation to access
and zone issues.
6. Wearable devices with AI capabilities.
7. Internet protocol version 6 (IPv6), where a visiting
care-of mobile IP address is assigned according to
location and the connected network.[23]
8. One unified global standard.
9. Pervasive networks providing ubiquitous computing:
The user can simultaneously be connected to several
wireless access technologies and seamlessly move
between them (See Media independent
handover or vertical handover, IEEE 802.21, also
expected to be provided by future 4G releases). These
access technologies can be a 2.5G, 3G, 4G or 5G
mobile networks, Wi-Fi, PAN or any other future
access technology. [9] In 5G, the concept may be
further developed into multiple concurrent data
transfer paths. [10]
10. Cognitive radio technology, also known as smart-
radio: allowing different radio technologies to share
the same spectrum efficiently by adaptively finding
unused spectrum and adapting the transmission
scheme to the requirements of the technologies
currently sharing the spectrum. This dynamic radio
resource management is achieved in a distributed
fashion, and relies on software defined radio. See also
the IEEE 802.22 standard for Wireless Regional Area
Networks.[24]
11. High altitude stratospheric platform station (HAPS)
systems.
IV. CONCEPT OF 5G TECHNOLOGY
Fig 1. Protocol stack for 5G
A. Physical/MAC layers
Physical and Medium Access Control layers i.e. OSI
layer 1 and OSI layer 2, define the wireless technology and
shown in Fig.1. For these two layers the 5G mobile networks
is likely to be based on Open Wireless Architecture [7].
B. Network layer
The network layer will be IP (Internet Protocol),
because there is no competition today on this level. The IPv4
(version 4) is worldwide spread and it has several problems
such as limited address space and has no real possibility for
QoS support per flow. These issues are solved in IPv6, but
traded with significantly bigger packet header. Then, mobility
still remains a problem. There is Mobile IP standard on one
side as well as many micro-mobility solutions (e.g., Cellular
IP, HAWAII etc.). All mobile networks will use Mobile IP in
5G, and each mobile terminal will be FA (Foreign Agent),
Application Layer Application
( Services )
Presentation Layer
Session layer Open Transport Protocol
(OTP)
Transport Layer
Network layer Upper network layer
Lower network Layer
Data link Layer(MAC) Open Wireless Architecture
(OWA)
Physical Layer
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keeping the CoA (Care of Address) mapping between its fixed
IPv6 address and CoA address for the current wireless
network. However, a mobile can be attached to several mobile
or wireless networks at the same time.[16] In such case, it
will maintain different IP addresses for each of the radio
interfaces,
While each of these IP addresses will be CoA address for the
FA placed in the mobile Phone. The fixed IPv6 will be
implemented in the mobile phone by 5G phone manufactures.
The 5G mobile phone shall maintain virtual multi-wireless
network environment. For this purpose there should be
separation of network layer into two sub-layers in 5G mobiles
(Fig. 3) i.e.: Lower network layer (for each interface) and
Upper network layer (for the mobile terminal). This is due to
the initial design of the Internet, where all the routing is based
on IP addresses which should be different in each IP network
world wide. The middleware between the Upper and Lower
network layers (Fig. 1) shall maintain address translation from
Upper network address (IPv6) to different Lower network IP
addresses (IPv4 or IPv6), and vice versa. Fig.2 shows the 5G
network layer.
Fig. 2 5G mobile terminal network layer[25]
C. Open Transport Protocol (OTA) layer
The mobile and wireless networks differ from wired
networks regarding the transport layer. In all TCP versions the
assumption is that lost segments are due to network
congestion, while in wireless network losses may occur due to
higher bit error ratio in the radio interface. Therefore, TCP
modifications and adaptation are proposed for the mobile and
wireless networks, which retransmit the lost or damaged TCP
segments over the wireless link only. For 5G mobile terminals
will be suitable to have transport layer that is possible to be
downloaded and installed. Such mobiles shall have the
possibility to download (e.g., TCP, RTP etc. Or new transport
protocol) version which is targeted to a specific wireless
technology installed at the base stations. This is called here
Open Transport Protocol - OTP. [8]
D. Application layer
Regarding the applications, the ultimate request from
the 5G mobile terminal is to provide intelligent QoS
management over a variety of networks. Today, in mobile
phones the users manually select the wireless interface for
particular Internet service without having the possibility to use
QoS history to select the best wireless connection for a given
service. The 5G phone shall provide a possibility for service
quality testing and storage of measurement information in
information databases in the mobile terminal. The QoS
parameters, such as delay, jitter, losses, bandwidth, reliability,
will be stored in a database in the 5G mobile phone with the
aim to be used by intelligent algorithms running in the mobile
terminal as system processes, which at the end shall provide
the best wireless connection upon required QoS and personal
cost constraints. With 4G, a range of new services and models
will be available. These services and models need to be further
examined for their interface with the design of 4G
systems.[22] The process of IPv4 address exhaustion is
expected to be in its final stages by the time that 4G is
deployed. Therefore, IPv6 support for 4G is essential in order
to support a large no. of wireless- enabled devices. IPv6
removes the need for NAT (Network Address Translation) by
increasing the no. of IP addresses.[21] With the available
address space and number of addressing bits in IPv6, many
innovative coding schemes can be developed for 4g devices
and applications that could help in the deployment of 4G
network and services.[20] The fourth generation promises to
fulfill the goal of PCC (personal computing and
communication) —a vision that affordably provides high data
rates everywhere over a wireless network [4]. In the future
wireless networks there must be a low complexity of
implementation and an efficient means of negotiation between
the end users and the wireless infrastructure. The Internet is
the driving force for higher data rates and high speed access
for mobile wireless users. This will be the motivation for an
all mobile IP based core network evolution.
FEATURES
1. 5G technology offers high resolution for crazy cell
phone user and bi- directional large bandwidth
shaping.
2. The advanced billing interfaces of 5G technology
make it more attractive and effective.
3. 5G technology also providing subscriber supervision
tools for fast action.
4. The high quality services of 5G technology based on
Policy to avoid error.
5. 5G technology is providing large broadcasting of data
in Gigabit which supporting almost 65,000
connections.[19]
6. 5G technology offers a transporter class gateway with
unparalleled consistency.
7. The traffic statistics by 5G technology makes it more
accurate.
8. Through remote management offered by 5G
technology a user can get a better and faster solution.
9. The remote diagnostics also a great feature of 5G
technology.
10. The 5G technology is providing up to 25 Mbps
connectivity speed.
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11. The 5G technology also supports virtual private
network.
12. The new 5G technology will take all delivery
services out of business prospect
13. The uploading and downloading speed of 5G
technology touching the peak.
V. 5G ARCHITECTURE
Fig. 3 5G mobile phone design
Fig.3 shows 5G mobile phone design. [12] 5G is
being developed to accommodate the QoS and rate
requirements set by forthcoming applications like wireless
broadband access, Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS),
video chat, mobile TV, HDTV content, Digital Video
Broadcasting (DVB),[18] minimal services like voice and
data, and other services that utilize bandwidth. The definition
of 5G is to provide adequate RF coverage, more bits/Hz and to
interconnect all wireless heterogeneous networks to provide
seamless, consistent telecom experience to the user. [10,11]
A. Evolved Packet Core (EPC)
Evolved Packet Core is the IP-based core network
defined by 3GPP (Telecom standard) for use with LTE and
other access technologies. The goal of the EPC is to provide
simplified all IP core network architectures to efficiently give
access to various services such as the ones provided by IMS
(IP Multimedia Subsystem). EPC consists essentially of a
Mobility Management Entity (MME) & access agnostic
gateway foe routing of user datagram. EPC will be a
completely new architecture for wireless operators, one that
emulates the IP world of data Communication rather than the
voice- centric world of wireless. EPC is based on flat IP
network theory. Fig. 4 shows flat IP Architecture.[15]
Fig.4 Flat IP Architecture
Mobile networks have been designed up to this point
for circuit- switched voice. Wireless networks were designed
in a hierarchal fashion to aggregate, authenticate, manage and
direct calls. A BSC aggregates calls from multiple base
stations, allocates radio channels, enables handoffs between
base stations and passes on calls to an even more centralized
mobile switching center.[17] As packet data networks
emerged, they were overlaid on the existing voice-centric
architecture, using the BSC for the same mobility management
functions and adding the SGSN and GGSN in the case of
GSM/UMTS and a PDSN in the case of CDMA to route and
manage data sessions, as well as to connect to the Internet or
appropriate IP network. As data traffic is increasing rapidly,
this voice centric architecture has become cumbersome and
harder to manage with too many network entities. Flat
network architecture removes that voice-centric hierarchy
from the network. Instead of overlaying a packet data core on
the voice network, separate and much-simplified data
architecture can be implemented that removes the multiple
elements of the network chain. BSC functions are divided
between Base station and media gateway router. The base
station will communicate directly via 3GDT (3G direct tunnel)
with media gateway over WAN (Carrier Ethernet, MW,
DWDM etc.). Some of the functions of BSC/RNC such as
Radio resource management, Radio Bearer Control, and
Dynamic allocations of resources will be handled by base
stations, while functions such as Distribution of paging
messages, Security will be functional by mobility manager,
located in Gateway router. This approach has clearly visible
advantages. It will save a significant amount of Capex and
Opex as, service provider will have little hopes and fewer
network entities. By reducing the number of hops in the
network, data travels faster between end points, greatly
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reducing the network latency to help support real-time
applications such as voice over IP (VoIP), gaming and
videoconferencing. The flat IP architectures have emerged
with WiMAX, and future LTE networks will be flat by
definition. [10,11,15]
VI. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPES/PERSPECTIVES
In this paper we have surveyed 5G technology for
mobile communication. The 5G technology is designed as an
open platform on different layers, from the physical layer up
to the application. Presently, the current work is in the
modules that shall offer the best Operating System and lowest
cost for a specified service using one or more than one
wireless technology at the same time from the 5G mobile. A
new revolution of 5G technology is about to begin because 5G
technology going to give tough completion to normal
computer and laptops whose marketplace value will be
affected. There are lots of improvements from 1G, 2G, 3G,
and 4G to 5G in the world of mobile communication. The new
coming 5G technology is available in the market at
inexpensive rates, high peak expectations and much reliability
than its foregoing technologies. 5G network technology will
release a novel age in mobile communication. The 5G mobiles
will have access to different wireless technologies at the
identical time and the terminal should be able to merge
different flows from different technologies. 5G technology
offers high resolution for passionate mobile phone consumer.
We can watch an HD TV channel in our mobile phones
without any disturbance. The 5G mobile phones will be a
tablet PC. Many mobile embedded technologies will develop.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We would like to thank the Charotar University of Science
and Technology for its constant support all the way through
our work.
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