Rediscovery and redescription of Hystrichophora loricana (Grote) (Tortricidae: Olethreutinae)

Abstract

Here we provide information on the recently rediscovered Hystrichophora loricana (Grote) (Fig. 1). Previously known only from the male Holotype (Fig. 2), H. loricana was brought to the attention of the second author after a brief description of the species was published in “Olethreutine moths of the Midwestern United States” (Gilligan et al., 2008). The second author has observed and collected H. loricana over the last 15 years at two locations in Coles County, Illinois, usually in association with Orbexilum onobrychis (Nuttall) Rydberg (Fabaceae). Subsequent searches for stands of this plant in Kentucky by the third author led to discovery of a colony of H. loricana and collection of the first female. This paper provides the first biological notes on this species, as well as the first complete description of the adult and male and female genitalia.

Full text

Accepted by J. Brown: 4 May 2009; published: 25 May 2009 65
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Zootaxa 2117: 65–68 (2009)
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Rediscovery and redescription of Hystrichophora loricana (Grote)
(Tortricidae: Olethreutinae)
TODD M. GILLIGAN1, TERRY HARRISON2 & LORAN D. GIBSON3
1Colorado State University, Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523.
E-mail:tgilliga@gmail.com
2University of Illinois, Department of Entomology, 320 Morrill Hall, 505 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801
32727 Running Creek Drive, Florence, Kentucky 41042
Here we provide information on the recently rediscovered Hystrichophora loricana (Grote) (Fig. 1). Previously known
only from the male Holotype (Fig. 2), H. loricana was brought to the attention of the second author after a brief
description of the species was published in “Olethreutine moths of the Midwestern United States” (Gilligan et al., 2008).
The second author has observed and collected H. loricana over the last 15 years at two locations in Coles County,
Illinois, usually in association with Orbexilum onobrychis (Nuttall) Rydberg (Fabaceae). Subsequent searches for stands
of this plant in Kentucky by the third author led to discovery of a colony of H. loricana and collection of the first female.
This paper provides the first biological notes on this species, as well as the first complete description of the adult and
male and female genitalia.
Grote described Phoxopteris [=Ancylis] loricana in 1880 from a single male collected in Dayton, Ohio. Grote’s
description was based solely on wing pattern, and he placed the species in Phoxopteris [=Ancylis] because of similarity
in forewing shape to that of moths in that genus. The species remained in Ancylis until Henrich’s (1929) treatment of the
genus Hystrichophora. Heinrich dissected the holotype of Ancylis loricana and placed loricana in Hystrichophora based
on the male genitalia. No other information was published on the species until a brief description appeared in Gilligan et
al. (2008).
Recent observations and collections of H. loricana have occurred at Charleston Lake View Park in Coles County,
Illinois, dating back to 1990. The second author has observed adults sitting on leaves of Orbexilum onobrychis during the
day, and, although a single specimen of H. loricana has been collected nocturnally at light, the preponderance of diurnal
observations suggests that this species normally is active only during the day. Adults prefer shaded areas, where the
vegetation is taller and greener, rather than open, dry, sunny areas, where vegetation is shorter. Males sit on the upper
side of leaves and extend their relatively long and robust antennae (Fig. 3), possibly for the purpose of detecting a female
pheromone plume. Male and female specimens collected near Stanford, Lincoln County, Kentucky by the third author
were found diurnally in habitat similar to that in which the moth was observed in Illinois. Adult capture dates range from
7–28 August.
Orbexilum onobrychis is recorded from 12 eastern states (Arkansas, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Missouri,
North Carolina, Ohio, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia) (USDA, NRCS, 2009). We hypothesize that
H. loricana may be found in association with this plant in many of these states, and we hope that this correspondence
will bring attention to this poorly known tortricid.
We thank the Kentucky State Nature Preserves Commission, Donald S. Dot Jr., Director, for permission to survey
Lepidoptera on Commission lands. J. W. Brown provided access to the type specimen of H. loricana at the USNM.
William Miller and Michael Sabourin provided access to a Coles Co., Illinois specimen at the University of Minnesota.
Two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments.
Hystrichophora loricana (Grote)
Phoxopteris loricana Grote 1880:218.
Ancylis loricana: Fernald [1902]:468; Barnes and McDunnough 1917:174; Heinrich 1923:253; Forbes 1923:408.
Hystricophora [sic] loricana: Heinrich 1929:20; McDunnough 1939:52.

GILLIGAN ET AL.66 · Zootaxa 2117 © 2009 Magnolia Press
Hystrichophora loricana: Powell 1983:37; Brown et al. 2005:391; Gilligan et al. 2008:168.
Type . Holotype: , “630; Grapholitha taleana Grote Type.; Fernald Collection,” [Dayton, Ohio, G. R. Pilate], “male
genitalia slide, 19 June 1925, C. H. #17” [slide is lost], deposited in the USNM.
Diagnosis. Hystrichophora loricana can be recognized by the projecting apex, prominent orange markings, and
strong metallic reflections of the forewing. Forewing pattern is similar to H. taleana and two undescribed species near
taleana (Gilligan, unpublished); however, these species lack the projecting apex and metallic reflections of the forewing.
FIGURES 1–6. Adults and genitalia of Hystrichophora loricana. 1. Adult male. 2. Holotype male. 3. Male resting on
leaf of Orbexilum onobrychis (note raised antennae). 4. Male eighth abdominal segment: a. sternite; b. tergite. 5. Male
genitalia: a. tegumen; b. aedeagus; c. valvae. 6. Female genitalia.

Zootaxa 2117 © 2009 Magnolia Press · 67
REDESCRIPTION OF HYSTRICHOPHORA LORICANA
Redescription. Head: Frons and vertex bronze; labial palpus with lateral surface concolorous with head, medial
surface lighter, second segment as long as head; antenna length 0.6 X forewing length, antenna and scapus concolorous
with head. Thorax: Tegulae and mesonotum concolorous with head; legs concolorous with mesonotum, tarsomeres
ringed with lighter scales distally. Forewing (Figs. 1–2): FWL 7.0–8.5 mm (mean = 7.8 mm, n = 6); costal margin
slightly curved from base to apex; apex strongly projecting; termen concave between veins R5 and CU1; wing bronze
from base to median fascia with a longitudinal patch of dark-brown white-tipped scales anterior to ocellus and extending
basally into median area and posteriorly along proximal margin of ocellus; costal strigulae pairs 9 and 10 clearly visible;
preterminal fascia pale orange, extending from costa at R3 towards termen, not reaching R4; postmedian fascia orange,
extending from costa at R1 to the termen, dislocated along M3; median fascia orange, present as a small patch on the costa
at Sc; ocellus consisting of remnants of preterminal, postmedian, and median fasciae; preterminal remnant a longitudinal
row of black scales with surrounding pale orange extending to termen; postmedial remnant with two short longitudinal
rows of black scales bordered anteriorly by pale orange; median remnant a small patch of black scales bordered
anteriorly and posteriorly with pale orange; tornus and central field of ocellus bronze; striae silvery bronze; stria arising
from strigulae pair 7 running the length of the postmedian fascia; fringe bronze, scales becoming darker near the apex.
Hindwing: Ground color dark grayish brown, fringe scales lighter. Abdomen (Fig. 4): Eighth abdominal sternite
modified to form two finger-like projections, one with length 1.25 X that of the other; tergite of eighth abdominal
segment asymmetrical and excavate medially, forming two strongly sclerotized distal projections with numerous short
spines. Male Genitalia (Fig. 5): Uncus well developed, elongate, asymmetrically bifid, with distal projections strongly
sclerotized; socii and gnathos absent; tegumen broad, asymmetrical, with anterior margin sinuate; aedeagus curving
ventrally, vesica with three rows of about 25 cornuti (n = 1), distal three cornuti stout, 2 X length of others; valvae
asymmetrical, divided into costal and saccular lobes; costal lobe long and slender, the apex forming a densely setose
club; left saccular lobe broad, ventral margin with a row of short setae, apex rounded with numerous short setae, sacculus
a poorly defined rounded ridge; right saccular lobe elongate with a patch of stout setae arising ventromedially and
extending distally, distal end with numerous short setae, sacculus a poorly defined rounded ridge. Female genitalia (Fig.
6): Papillae anales broad, densely setose, lateral margins with row of longer setae; tergum VIII with numerous setae on
ventrolateral surface, dorsoanterior surface strongly sclerotized and microspinulate, anterior margin poorly defined
between the apophyses anteriores; apophyses anteriores thin, with length approximately 0.75 X that of abdominal
segment VII and equal in length with apophyses posteriories; ostium bursae located medially on genital plate,
asymmetrical, membranous, circular; posterior margin of sternum VII invaginated to entire length of sterigma, strongly
sclerotized, fused with lamella postvaginalis and lamella antevaginalis; lamella postvaginalis a sclerotized ridge; lamella
antevaginalis forming a channel extending anteriorly from ostium to a strongly sclerotized pocket on the anterior margin
of sternum VII; ductus bursae membranous, arising posteriolaterally from ostium; corpus bursae large, oval,
membranous covered with short, blunt, rounded projections, two signa blade or finlike and of equal size.
Material Examined. We examined the holotype male and six specimens (5 , 1 ) from the following locations:
KENTUCKY: Lincoln Co., near Stanford, L. D. Gibson, 28 August 2008 (1 , genitalia slide TMG455; 1 , genitalia
slide TMG456). ILLINOIS: Coles Co., Charleston Lake View Park, N 39o 28.309' W 088o 09.000', T. Harrison, 19
August 1990 (1 ), 16 August 2008 (1 ), 21 August 2008 (1 ); Coles County, Charleston, T12N, R9E, NW 1/4 Sec.
11, T. Harrison, 7 August 1996 (1 , genitalia dissection, wing slide M. Sabourin).
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