Additions to the Norwegian flora of lichens and lichenicolous fungi III

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Additions to the Norwegian flora of lichens and lichenicolous
fungi III
HÅKON HOLIEN
Holien, H. 2005. Additions to the Norwegian flora of lichens and lichenicolous fungi III.
Graphis Scripta 17: 62–64. Stockholm ISSN 0000-0000.
Three species are reported as new to the Norwegian flora of lichens and lichenicolous
fungi. Cladonia albonigra is verified from Europe and Lecidea apochroeella and Scutula
epiblastematica are new to Norway. Notes on morphology, ecology and distribution are
given.
Håkon Holien, Faculty of Social Sciences and Natural Resources, Nord-Troendelag
University College, Serviceboks 2501, N-7729 Steinkjer, Norway. E-mail:
hakon.holien@hint.no
The aim of this paper is to report on three
species which are not listed from Norway in
the recently published checklist of lichens and
lichenicolous fungi in Fennoscandia (Santesson
et al. 2004).
Cladonia albonigra Brodo & Ahti
Cladonia albonigra is a member of the
Cladonia chlorophaea group. So far it has been
known only from the west coast of North
America where it was described from the
Queen Charlotte Islands (Brodo & Ahti 1996).
The species differs from all other species in the
group by its conspicuously melanotic base and
the frequently tall and slender, sorediate
podetia which are repeatedly proliferating from
the edge, more rarely also from the centre of
the cups. Brodo & Ahti (1996) mention three
chemotypes: (1) grayanic acid, fumar-
protocetraric acid, (2) 4-0-methylcrypto-
chlorophaeic acid, fumarprotocetraric acid, (3)
fumarprotocetraric acid, and also indicate some
minor morphological differences between the
chemotypes.
Most Norwegian material of Cladonia
albonigra has been collected recently, but a
few collections were found among Cladonia
chlorophaea s.lat. in the herbaria BG and TRH.
All specimens examined belong to the
chemotype with fumarprotocetraric acid only.
All specimens are sorediate at least in the upper
part, but in some specimens, i.e. HH 711–81 &
HH 904–81, corticate granules and/or
squamules are developed towards the base. In
some specimens the podetia become more or
less entirely blackened and decorticated except
for the youngest proliferations.
The specimens were growing among
mosses on rock or more often on boulders with
a thin layer of humus, often close to streams
and rivers. In one locality (Namdalseid,
Holten) a large and well developed population
of Cladonia albonigra (Fig. 1) was found
growing on soil in a roadcut in mixed stand
with several other Cladonia species including
C. chlorophaea s.str., C. merochlorophaea and
C. pyxidata. In this case the morphological
differences were distinct.
Cladonia albonigra seems to be a coastal
species in Norway and is probably a further
example of highly oceanic species showing a
western North American – western European
disjunction, see Holien & Tønsberg (1996).

GRAPHIS SCRIPTA 17 (2005) Additions to the Norwegian lichen flora 63
The species is verified from Europe for the first
time. Goward (1999) mentioned the species
from western Eurasia neither referring to any
paper nor citing any specimens. The species is
mentioned by Holien & Tønsberg (1994) as
Cladonia sp. aff. merochlorophaea based on
collections made by Teuvo Ahti during the
Nordic Lichen Society excursion in Nord-
Trøndelag in 1993. According to Ahti (in litt.)
the Norwegian material may belong to a
separate species, but as Cladonia albonigra is
rather variable in North-America as well, I
believe the Norwegian material lies within its
range of variability.
Specimens examined: Norway. Sogn &
Fjordane: Sogndal, Sogndalsdalen, along creek
Hundøla, 480–500 m, 61º16.6′N, 7º02.0′E,
2005, Tønsberg 36225 (BG). Nord-Trøndelag:
Namdalseid, S of lake Rørvatnet along brook
Kjølbekken, 150 m, 64º13′N, 11º27′E, 1981,
Holien 711-81 (TRH); Namdalseid, E of
Holten, 80 m, 64º12.3′N, 11º14.3′E, 2003,
Holien 9798, 9804, 9806 & 9807 (TRH);
Snåsa, N of Hammer by river Breiåa, 80 m,
64º13′N, 12º02′E, 1981, Holien 904-81
(TRH). Troms: Tromsø amt, Sjøveien, 1911,
B. Lynge (BG); Tromsø amt, Kirkedalen,
Bjørnstad, 1911, B. Lynge (BG). Finnmark:
Kvalsund, E of Kokelv, just SE of the main
bridge crossing Russelva, 15–20 m,
70º36.6′N, 24º41.4′E, 2005, Tønsberg 35751
(BG); Nordkapp, Magerøy, Kamøyvær, 5–10
m, 71º2.5′N, 25º54.02′E, 2004, Tønsberg
34813 (BG); Porsanger, E of Olderfjord,
Gaiskebakti, along and S of Hwy E6, 5–10 m,
70º28.4′N, 25º11.5′E, 2004, Tønsberg 34716
(BG).
Lecidea apochroeella Nyl.
This species is characterized by small, 0,3 –
0,4 mm, dark brownish, shiny, slightly
convex or flattened apothecia with a distinctly
darker margin, pale epihymenium, brownish,
K+ darker hypothecium, simple, hyaline c. 2–
3 × 7–10 µm ascospores, and a rather
inconspicuous, greyish or greenish white
thallus.
The Norwegian specimen was found on
rather dry wood on the underside, close to the
base of a leaning, partly decorticated snag of
Betula pubescens in an old, herb-rich, spruce
forest. An associated species on the trunk base
was Chaenotheca brachypoda.
Lecidea apochroeella has previously been
recorded from Sweden and Finland (Santesson
et al. 2004). In Sweden it is characterized as
rare and most records are rather old
(Hallingbäck 1995, Foucard 2001). Outside
Fennoscandia the species is apparently known
only from Portugal (van den Boom & Giralt
1999) and Japan (Kurokawa 2003).
New to Norway.
Specimen examined: Norway. Nord-
Trøndelag: Namdalseid, E-facing slope of
Olaengåsen, 270 m, 64º10.2′N, 11º19.3′E,
2003, Holien 9803 (TRH), conf. C. Printzen
2005.
Figure 1. Cladonia albonigra at the locality in
Namdalseid, Holten, October 2003.

64 Håkon Holien GRAPHIS SCRIPTA 17 (2005)
Scutula epiblastematica (Wallr.)
Rehm
This species is characterized by numerous
black apothecia forming distinct aggregations,
small ascospores, an endokapylic thallus and a
parasitic habit, growing on different species of
Peltigera (Triebel et al. 1997).
The Norwegian specimen was growing on
thallus of Peltigera praetextata in a rich
deciduous forest with Ulmus glabra. The
species is widely distributed in Europe, North
America, Africa and Asia and is known from
several provinces in Sweden and Finland
(Triebel et al. 1997, Santesson et al. 2004).
New to Norway.
Specimen examined: Norway. Sør-Trøndelag:
Trondheim, Leira Nature Reserve, 100 m,
63º22.4′N, 10º24.2′E, 2003, Holien 9377
(TRH).
Acknowledgement
Thanks to Christian Printzen, Frankfurt, for
confirming the identity of Lecidea apo-
chroeella.
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